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Kangchenjunga South

2026-04-30T22:16:13Z

KellyePoindexter: stub

{{Short description|Subsidiary peak of Kangchenjunga}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Kangchenjunga South Summit
| photo = Kangch-Goechala.jpg
| photo_caption = Kangchenjunga South Summit and South Face of Goecha-La
| elevation_m = 8476
| elevation_ref=
| prominence_m = 76
| prominence_ref =
| parent_peak = Kangchenjunga
| range = [[Himalayas]]
| location = {{unbulleted list|[[Taplejung District]], [[Nepal]]|[[Mangan district]], [[Sikkim]], India}}
| first_ascent = May 19, 1978 by Eugeniusz Chrobak and Wojciech Wróż
| map_image={{OSM Himalaya|lat_d=27.7|long_d=88.2|zoom=9}}
| coordinates = {{coord|27|41|30|N|88|9|15|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref=
| isolation_km = 1.13
| isolation_ref =
}}
'''Kangchenjunga South Peak''' is a {{convert|8476|m|ft|adj=on}} high [[subsidiary peak]] of [[Kangchenjunga]], the third highest mountain in the world.

The summit is located in the [[Himalayan range]], on the border between [[Nepal]] and [[India]]. A ridge leads north over the middle peak to the main peak of Kangchenjunga. To the east, a ridge branches off to [[Zemu Kang]] ({{Höhe|7730}}). To the south, the ridge continues over [[Hogsback Peak]] ({{Höhe|7379}}) and [[Talung]] ({{Höhe|7349}}) to [[Kabru]].

==Mountaineering==
The mountain has rarely been climbed, with only six expeditions counted by the [[The Himalayan Database|Himalayan Database]] as of 2024.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Himalayan Database Online |url=https://www.himalayandatabase.com/ |website=The Himalayan Database |place=Ann Arbor}}</ref>

The first ascent of Kangchenjunga South took place in 1978, 23 years after the first successful summit of the main peak. It was climbed by a Polish team consisting of Eugeniusz Chrobak and Wojciech Wróż.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eugeniusz Chrobak (1939-1989) – marzenia to nie projekty |url=https://wspinanie.pl/2019/05/eugeniusz-chrobak-1939-1989-marzenia-to-nie-projekty/ |access-date=2024-07-14 |language=pl-PL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=pisze |first=3 czerwca odsłonięcie tablic pamiątkowych pod Osterwą |title=Wojtek Wróż – 25 rocznica śmierci |url=https://wspinanie.pl/2011/08/wojtek-wroz-25-rocznica-smierci/ |access-date=2024-07-14 |language=pl-PL}}</ref>

In 1989, the mountain was climbed for the first time without supplemental oxygen by a Russian team led by Eduard Myslovsky.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Annapurna |first=Kris |date=2023-03-05 |title=Kangchenjunga 1991: 'See and Remember, Do and Understand' |url=https://explorersweb.com/kangchenjunga-1991-see-and-remember-do-and-understand/ |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=Explorersweb}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

In 1991, [[Marko Prezelj]] and [[Andrej Štremfelj]] successfully summited Kangchenjunga South by its Southwest ridge, in [[Alpine climbing|alpine style]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The HJ/48/4 SLOVENE KANGCHENJUNGA EXPEDITION, 1991 |url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/ |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=The HJ/48/4 SLOVENE KANGCHENJUNGA EXPEDITION, 1991 |language=en}}</ref> After a challenging climb, they reached the summit on April 30.<ref>{{Cite aaj |title=Slovene Kangchenjunga Expedition |article_id=12199200100 |year=1992|volume=34|issue=66|pages=|access-date=2024-07-13}}</ref> The following year, the pair were awarded the inaugural [[Piolets d'Or]] for their successful ascent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=gripped |date=2018-06-11 |title=2018 Piolet d'Or Lifetime Achievement to Andrej Štremfelj |url=https://gripped.com/news/2018-piolet-dor-lifetime-achievement-andrej-stremfelj/ |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=Gripped Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nestler |first=Stefan |date=2023-09-22 |title=Pioneer and mentor: Marko Prezelj receives the Paul Preuss Prize |url=https://abenteuer-berg.de/en/pioneer-and-mentor-marko-prezelj-receives-the-paul-preuss-prize/ |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=Adventure Mountain |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In 2012, Kangchenjunga South was first summited in Winter, when it was climbed by German Philipp Kunz and his team of four Sherpas, Tshering Dorje Sherpa, Kami Chiriri Lama, Lhakpa Wangel Sherpa, and Nima Ongdi Sherpa. The team reached the summit on February 15. Supplementary oxygen was not used in the ascent, and the expedition took 15 days in total.<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
* [[Yalung Kang]] (Kangchenjunga West)
* [[Kangbachen]]

==External links==
* Nepal Himal Peak Profile<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanchenjunga South |url=https://www.nepalhimalpeakprofile.org/kanchenjunga-south |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=www.nepalhimalpeakprofile.org}}</ref>
* Kangchenjunga South, Nepal/India on [https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=28921 Peakbagger]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Eight-thousander}}
[[Category:Kangchenjunga]]
[[Category:Mangan district]]
[[Category:Taplejung District]]
[[Category:Mountains of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Nepal]]
[[Category:Landforms of Sikkim]]
[[Category:India–Nepal border]]
[[Category:International mountains of Asia]]
[[Category:Eight-thousanders]]

Vadodara City Assembly constituency

2026-04-28T09:18:13Z

KellyePoindexter: new!

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Vadodara City
| state = Gujarat
| type= SLA
| district = [[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Vadodara Lok Sabha constituency|Vadodara]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = SC
| constituency_no = 141
| mla = [[Manisha Vakil]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| electors = {{formatnum:306242}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Over 4.90 crore voters in Gujarat; ECI releases final roll and electors details 2022 |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/10/10/over-4-90-crore-voters-in-gujarat-eci-releases-final-roll-and-electors-details-2022/ |website=www.deshgujarat.com |access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref>
}}
'''Vadodara City''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Vadodara district|Vadodara]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]]. This seat came into existence after 2008 delimitation.

==List of segments==

This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent|last=|first=|date=12 December 2006|website=Election Commission of India|publisher=Delimitation Commission of India|pages=2–31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref>

# Vadodara Taluka (Part) – [[Vadodara Municipal Corporation]] (Part) Ward No. – 2, 9, Harni (OG) 13, Sayajipura (OG) 15, Bapod (OG) 16.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|rowspan=3| [[Manisha Vakil]] ||rowspan=3|
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name=election2017/>
|-
|[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<ref>{{cite web |title=2022 Assembly Election Results - Vadodara City |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS06141.htm?ac=141 |website=www.results.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=9 December 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209101759/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS06141.htm?ac=141 |archivedate=9 December 2022}}</ref>
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin| title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2022]]: Vadodara City}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Manisha Vakil]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 130705
|percentage = 70.57
|change = +8.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Gunvantray Parmar
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 32108
|percentage = 17.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jigar Solanki
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 15902
|percentage = 8.59
|change = ''New''
}}'
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 4022
|percentage = 2.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage = 53.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 185211
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:302901}}
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2017===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Vadodara City<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Manishaben Vakil
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,16,367
|percentage = 62.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Anil Parmar
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 63,984
|percentage = 34.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage = 27.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,87,269
|percentage = 68.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|

|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Vadodara|Vadodara City]]}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Manishaben Vakil
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,03,700
|percentage = 64.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jayashreeben Solanki
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 51,811
|percentage = 31.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 51,889
|percentage = 32.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,61,972
|percentage = 69.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Vadodara district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat}}
{{coord|22.32|73.17|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Vadodara district]]
[[Category:Vadodara]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Kakinada Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-24T02:50:16Z

KellyePoindexter: starting

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Kakinada
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Andhra Pradesh/Kakinada.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Kakinada Lok Sabha constituency
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| established = 1952
| assembly_cons = [[Tuni Assembly constituency|Tuni]] [[Prathipadu, Kakinada Assembly constituency|Prathipadu]] [[Pithapuram Assembly constituency|Pithapuram]] [[Kakinada Rural Assembly constituency|Kakinada Rural]] [[Peddapuram Assembly constituency|Peddapuram]] [[Kakinada City Assembly constituency|Kakinada City]] [[Jaggampeta Assembly constituency|Jaggampeta]]
| electors =
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| reservation = None
| party = {{Party index link|Janasena Party}}
|alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| mp = [[Tangella Uday Srinivas]]
| preceded_by = [[Vanga Geetha]]
}}

'''Kakinada Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the twenty-five [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha#Andhra Pradesh (25)|lok sabha constituencies]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]]. It comprises seven assembly segments and belongs to [[Kakinada district]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |website=The Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=dead |page=30 |format=PDF |date=17 December 2018}}</ref>

== Assembly segments ==
Kakinada Lok Sabha constituency presently comprises the following [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] segments:<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=30}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
!colspan=2 |Leading {{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|35
|[[Tuni Assembly constituency|Tuni]]
| rowspan="7" |[[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
|[[Yanamala Divya]]
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|{{Party color cell|Janasena Party|rowspan=7}}
|rowspan="7"|[[Janasena Party|JSP]]
|-
|36
|[[Prathipadu, Kakinada Assembly constituency|Prathipadu]]
|[[Varupula Satyaprabha|Varupula Satya Prabha]]
|-
|37
|[[Pithapuram Assembly constituency|Pithapuram]]
|[[Pawan Kalyan]]
|{{Party color cell|Janasena Party|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Janasena Party|JSP]]
|-
|38
|[[Kakinada Rural Assembly constituency|Kakinada Rural]]
|[[Pantham Venkateswara Rao]]
|-
|39
|[[Peddapuram Assembly constituency|Peddapuram]]
|[[Nimmakayala Chinarajappa]]
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=3}}
|rowspan="3"|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|-
|41
|[[Kakinada City Assembly constituency|Kakinada City]]
|[[Vanamadi Venkateswara Rao]]
|-
|52
|[[Jaggampeta Assembly constituency|Jaggampeta]]
|[[Jyothula Nehru]]
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Chelikani Venkata Rama Rao]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|[[Bayya Suryanarayana Murthy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
|Mosaliganti Thirumala Rao
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
| rowspan="2" |Mosaliganti Thirumala Rao
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
| rowspan="3" |[[M. S. Sanjeevi Rao]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[Thota Gopala Krishna]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[M. M. Pallam Raju]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|Thota Subba Rao
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Thota Gopala Krishna]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[Krishnam Raju]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[Mudragada Padmanabham]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| rowspan="2" |[[M. M. Pallam Raju]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Thota Narasimham]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Vanga Geetha]]
|{{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Tangella Uday Srinivas]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janasena Party}}
|}

== Election results ==

===General Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Indian general election|General Election, 1989]]: Kakinada}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Mallipudi Mangapathi Pallam Raju]]|votes=383,681|percentage=54.45|change=+16.83}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Thota Gopala Krishna]]|votes=300,698|percentage=42.67|change=-17.71}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Thota Rakanja Neyulu|votes=11,739|percentage=1.67|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Sundaraiah|votes=8,536|percentage=1.21|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=82,983|percentage=11.78|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=704,654|percentage=71.96|change=+1.14}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Telugu Desam Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election|General Election, 1991]]: Kakinada}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Thota Subbarao|votes=287,357|percentage=48.85|change=+6.18}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Mallipudi Mangapathi Pallam Raju]]|votes=252,040|percentage=42.85|change=-11.60}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Rao Venkata Maheepati Rama Ratna Rao|votes=20,894|percentage=3.55|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Thota Ramanjaneyulu|votes=7,287|percentage=1.24|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Chokka Tatarao|votes=6,776|percentage=1.15|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=35,317|percentage=6.00|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=588,237|percentage=59.92|change=-12.04}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telugu Desam Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election|General Election, 1996]]: Kakinada}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Thota Gopala Krishna]]|votes=308,480|percentage=42.37|change=-6.48}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Thota Subba Rao|votes=269,981|percentage=37.09|change=-5.76}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)|candidate=Chikkala Ramachandra Rao|votes=122,149|percentage=16.78|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=B. S. R. Krishna|votes=12,751|percentage=1.75|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=38,499|percentage=5.28|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=727,999|percentage=62.50|change=+2.58}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Telugu Desam Party
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election|General Election, 1998]]: Kakinada}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Krishnam Raju]]|votes=330,381|percentage=41.06|change=+39.31}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Thota Gopala Krishna]]|votes=262,582|percentage=32.63|change=-9.74}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Mallipudi Mangapathi Pallam Raju]]|votes=193,178|percentage=24.01|change=-13.08}}
{{Election box majority|votes=67,799|percentage=8.43|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=804,652|percentage=69.39|change=+6.89}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Telugu Desam Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election|General Election, 1999]]: Kakinada}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Mudragada Padmanabham]]|votes=435,811|percentage=53.64|change=+21.01}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Thota Subbarao|votes=314,376|percentage=38.69|change=+6.06}}
{{Election box majority|votes=121,435|percentage=14.95|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=812,541|percentage=69.33|change=-0.06}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telugu Desam Party
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = +9.69
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections|General Election, 2004]]: Kakinada}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Mallipudi Mangapathi Pallam Raju]]|votes=410,982|percentage=49.38|change=+10.69}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Mudragada Padmanabham]]|votes=353,730|percentage=42.50|change=-11.14}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Chandravathi Dwarampudi|votes=30,153|percentage=3.62|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Apparao Puagala|votes=16,373|percentage=1.97|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|candidate=Nainalasetti Murthy|votes=9,458|percentage=1.13|change=+0.04}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Puvvala Ananda Rao|votes=8,544|percentage=1.03|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Chaganti Suryanarayana Murthy|votes=3,044|percentage=0.37|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=57,252|percentage=6.88|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=832,284|percentage=71.44|change=+2.11}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Telugu Desam Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections|General Election, 2009]]: Kakinada}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Mallipudi Mangapathi Pallam Raju]]|votes=323,607|percentage=33.51|change=-15.87}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=Chalamalasetty Sunil|votes=289,563|percentage=29.99|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Vasamsetty Satya|votes=258,046|percentage=26.72|change=-15.78}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=BJP|candidate=Bikkina Visweswara Rao|votes=14,861|percentage=1.17|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=34,044|percentage=3.52|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=965,570|percentage=76.32|change=+4.88}}

{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Kakinada]]<ref>[http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/parliamentary-constituencies/kakinada.html KAKINADA LOK SABHA (GENERAL) ELECTIONS RESULT]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Thota Narasimham]]|votes=514,402|percentage=46.76|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Chalamalasetti Sunil|votes=510,971|percentage=46.45|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Mallipudi Mangapathi Pallam Raju]]|votes=19,754|percentage=1.80|change=}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Republican Party Of India (Khobragade)|RPI (K)]]
|candidate = Motha Sarada
|votes = 6,836
|percentage = 0.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|candidate = Jalluri Venkateswarlu
|votes = 6,636
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Jai Samaikyandhra Party|candidate=Tummalapalli Satya Ramakrishna|votes=6,442|percentage=0.59|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=4,358|percentage=0.40|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=3,431|percentage=0.31|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=11,01,730|percentage=77.68|change=+1.36}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telugu Desam Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing = +25.88
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Kakinada]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = YSR Congress Party
| candidate = [[Vanga Geetha Viswanadh]]
| votes = 537,630
| percentage = 43.47
| change = {{decrease}}2.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = Chalamalasetti Sunil
| votes = 511,892
| percentage = 41.38
| change = {{decrease}}5.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janasena Party
|candidate = Jyothula Venkateswara Rao
|votes = 132,648
|percentage = 10.72
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes =17,153
|percentage = 1.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Yalla Venkata Rama Mohan Rao
|votes =9,596
|percentage = 0.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Mallipudi Sri Ramachandra Murthy
|votes = 8,640
|percentage = 0.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 25,738
| percentage = 2.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 12,36,814
| percentage = 79.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,63,930
|ref= }}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = YSR Congress Party
| loser = Telugu Desam Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Kakinada]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Janasena Party|Candidate=[[Tangella Uday Srinivas]]|candidate=[[Tangella Uday Srinivas|Uday Srinivas Tangella]]|votes=7,29,669|percentage=54.87|change={{increase}}44.15}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Chalamalasetty Sunil|votes=5,00,208|percentage=37.62|change={{decrease}}5.85}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[M. M. Pallam Raju]]|votes=21,109|percentage=1.59|change={{increase}}0.79}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=17,220|percentage=1.29|change={{decrease}}0.10}}
{{Election box majority|votes=2,29,491|percentage=17.25|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes= 13,31,386|percentage= 81.43|change={{increase}}2.35}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Janasena Party
| loser = YSR Congress Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/andhra_pradesh/kakinada/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Kakinada lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}

{{coord|16.98|82.24|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Kakinada district]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies established in 1952]]

J. V. Raghavulu

2026-04-21T06:08:06Z

KellyePoindexter: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = J. V. Raghavulu
| birth_name = Jetti Veera Raghavulu
| alias = Raghavulu
| birth_date = 1931
| birth_place = [[Ramachandrapuram, East Godavari|Ramachandrapuram]], [[East Godavari district]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|06|07|1931|df=y}}
| origin =
| instrument = Vocalist
| genre =
| occupation = Singer, Music composer
| years_active = 1960–1990
| website =
}}

'''Jetti Veera Raghavulu''' (1931 – 7 June 2013), better known as '''J. V. Raghavulu''', was an eminent Indian [[music director]] and [[playback singer]].<ref>[http://www.koumudi.net/General/jv_raghavulu.html Interview with J.V. Raghavulu at Koumudi.]</ref> He started as playback singer and became a music director after the sudden death of [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]. He made his screen debut in ''Drohi'' (1970), a film by [[Suresh Productions]]. He scored music to about 172 films.<ref>[http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/movietidbits/jvraghavulu_feb19.php Help Music Director : J.V.Raghavulu at Telugu Cinema.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324235106/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/movietidbits/jvraghavulu_feb19.php |date=2012-03-24 }}</ref>

==Career==
He belonged to an agricultural family in [[Ramachandrapuram, East Godavari|Ramachandrapuram]], [[East Godavari district]]. His parents were Veeraswami Naidu and Adilaxmi. He was one of the six siblings. He learned acting and singing from Bhadracharyulu who used to organize Harischandra play. He gave him chance to act as Lohitasudu in the play. He used to study in the school and act in the plays touring different places. Famous poets Indraganti Hanumachastri and Vedula Satyanarayana Sastry were his school teachers. Their poems used to be broadcast in [[All India Radio]], [[Vijayawada]]. They encouraged him to sing these poems. He tuned and voiced many songs written by them and other writers in "Geetavali" programme. In one of the recording sessions, popular singer [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] heard him singing a light song. Impressed by his voice, he invited Raghavulu to the films. He completed [[S.S.L.C.]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}

Leaving studies and without informing the parents, he left home, reached Madras and worked under Ghantasala for long time. He was there with him from early morning to late night learning the nuances of playback singing and composing music. Ghantasala used to look after him as his son. He sang "Baito Baito Pellikodaka" in ''[[Pelli Sandadi]]'' (1959) film for [[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]]. He used to look after the composition of the songs for many films. He also worked with [[K. V. Mahadevan]] and [[M. S. Viswanathan]] for sometime.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}

Vadde Brothers (Sobhanadri, Ramesh (Father of Hero [[Vadde Naveen]]), Kishore) under "Vijaya Madhavi Pictures/Combines" banner as Production house made J. V. Raghavulu their "Aasthana Sangeeta Darshakudu" (Music Director of House) beginning with [[Aatmiyudu]] film in 1977 and continued through [[Katakataala Rudraiah]], [[Rangoon Rowdy]], [[Bebbuli]] till 1982 [[Bobbili Puli]] and further.

He composed thousands of songs. His memorable songs include ''Janani Janmabhoomischa'' ([[Bobbili Puli]]), ''Veena Naadi Teega Needi Teegachatu Raagamundi'', ''Tarangini O Tarangini'', ''Ee Jeevana Tarangalalo'' ([[Jeevana Tarangalu]]) and many others.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}

He was married to Ramanamma. They had four sons (Venkateswar Rao, Bhaskar, Shyam Kumar and Ravi Kumar) and a daughter (Lakshmi). Ravi Raghav has also worked as a music composer, working for the low budget Tamil films, ''Villalan'', ''Muthal Thagaval Arikkai'' and ''En Oviya''.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-en-oviya-happy-listening/article5433521.ece | title= Audio Beat: En Oviya - Happy listening! | author1=S.R. | first2=Ashok | last2=Kumar | date=7 December 2013 | newspaper=The Hindu | access-date=8 June 2019 }}</ref>

==Filmography==

===As a playback singer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Language !! Song !! Music director !! Co-singer
|-
| 1956 || ''[[Sonta Ooru]]'' || Telugu || ''Vennela Viruyunura'' || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Jikki]]
|-
| 1957 || ''[[Sati Anasuya (1957 film)|Sati Anasuya]]'' || Telugu || ''Ide Nyayama Ide Dharmama'' || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || Ghantasala & [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1958 || rowspan=2|''[[Sobha (1958 film)|Sobha]]'' || rowspan=2|Telugu || ''Le Le Le'' || rowspan=2|[[A. M. Rajah]] || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| Velugeleni Eelokana || [[Jikki]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1959 || ''[[Pelli Sandadi (1959 film)|Pelli Sandadi]]'' || Telugu || ''Baito Baito Pellikodakaa'' || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Jikki]]
|-
| ''[[Vachina Kodalu Nachindi]]'' || || '' '' || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1960 || ''[[Abhimanam (1960 film)|Abhimanam]]'' || Telugu || ''Mandhini Ninnu'' || Ghantasala || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Bhakta Raghunath]]'' || rowspan=2|Telugu || ''Rama Hare Krishna Hare'' || rowspan=2|Ghantasala ||
|-
| Konda Meeda || [[Jikki]]
|-
| ''[[Deepavali (1960 film)|Deepavali]]'' || Telugu || ''Poonivoi Tata'' || Ghantasala || [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| ''[[Kadeddulu Ekaram Nela]]'' || || ''Yaduntive Pilla'' || C. M. Raju || P. S. Vaidehi
|-
| 1961 || ''[[Jagadeka Veeruni Katha]]'' || || || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1962 || ''[[Gaali Gopura]]'' || Kannada || ''Dhooliyayithu Gaali Gopura'' || [[T. G. Lingappa]] ||
|-
| ''[[Gaali Medalu]]'' || Telugu || ''Gaali Maeda Koolipoyera'' || [[T. G. Lingappa]] ||
|-
| ''[[Tiger Ramudu]]'' || Telugu || ''Danpathulu'' || Ghantasala ||
|-
| rowspan="10" |1963 || rowspan="8" |''[[Lava Kusa (1963 film)|Lava Kusa]]'' || rowspan=3|Kannada || ''Jaya Jaya Raam.... Sree Raamaa Parandhaamaa'' || rowspan=3|Ghantasala || P. Leela, P. Susheela, [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] & P. S. Vaidehi
|-
| Vallenolli Maavaa Neena Magalani || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]], Jikki & K. Rani
|-
| Ashvamedha Yagaaikkeega Jayamu || Ghantasala, [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]] & P. S. Vaidhegi
|-
| rowspan="2" |Tamil || ''Jeya Jeya Raam.... Sree Raamaa Parandhaamaa'' || rowspan=2|Ghantasala & [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || P. Leela, P. Susheela, K. Rani & K. Jamuna Rani
|-
| Vetri Murasu Olikka Seiyyum || Ghantasala, [[Thiruchi Loganathan]], K. Rani, [[K. Jamuna Rani]] & [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |Telugu || ''Jaya Jaya Raam.... Sree Raamaa Parandhaamaa'' || rowspan=3|Ghantasala || P. Leela, P. Susheela, K. Rani & P. S. Vaidehi
|-
| Vollanori Maamaa Nee Pillani || Ghantasala, Jikki & K. Rani
|-
| Ashvamedha Yagaaniki Jayamu || Ghantasala, [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]] & P. S. Vaidehi

|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Valmiki (1963 Telugu film)|Valmiki]]'' || rowspan=2|Telugu || ''Pothanantade'' || rowspan=2|Ghantasala || [[A. P. Komala]] & [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|-
| Tallalene Tallalene || [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1964 || ''[[Kai Kodutha Deivam]]'' || Tamil || ''Sindhu Nadhiyin Misai'' || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] & [[L. R. Eswari]]
|-
| ''[[Sri Satyanarayana Mahathyam]]'' || Telugu|| ''Oho Oho Chandamama'' || Ghantasala || Swarnalatha
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1966 || ''[[Aggi Barata]]'' || Telugu|| ''Cham Cham Gurram'' || Vijaya Krishna Murthy || [[L. R. Eswari]] & Basaweswar
|-
| ''[[Paramanandayya Sishyula Katha]]'' || Telugu || ''Parama Gurudu Cheppinavadu'' || Ghantasala || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]], [[K. Chakravarthy]], Bhadram & Krishna Murthy
|-
| ''[[Shakuntala (1966 film)|Shakuntala]]'' || Telugu || ''Paathaa Kaalam Naati'' || Ghantasala || Madhavapeddi Satyam & [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1967 || ''[[Prana Mithrulu]]'' || Telugu || || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] ||
|-
| ''[[Rahasyam (1967 film)|Rahasyam]]'' || Telugu || || Ghantasala ||
|-
| ''[[Sri Krishnavataram]]'' || Telugu|| || [[T. V. Raju]] ||
|-
| ''[[Stree Janma]]'' || || || Ghantasala ||
|-
| 1968 || ''[[Govula Gopanna]]'' || Telugu|| ''Ee Virithotala'' || Ghantasala || Ghantasala, [[P. Susheela]] & [[Bangalore Latha]]
|-
| 1969 || ''[[Bandipotu Dongalu]]'' || || ''O Kannayya Puttina Roju'' || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || Ghantasala & [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| 1970 || ''[[Sambarala Rambabu]]'' || Telugu || ''Vinnaaraa Vinnaaraa'' || [[V. Kumar]] || [[P. Leela]], [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]], [[K. Jamuna Rani]], K. Swarna & [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1971 || ''[[Neerum Neruppum]]'' || Tamil || ''Virundho Nalla Virundhu'' || [[M. S. Viswanathan]] || K. Veeramani, [[Pattom Sadan]], [[L. R. Eswari]], T. A. Mothi & [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| ''[[Sampoorna Ramayanam (1971 film)|Sampoorna Ramayanam]]'' || Telugu || || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] ||
|-
| 1972 || ''[[Beedala Patlu]]'' || Telugu || ''Dabbu Lone Unnadira'' || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || Ghantasala & [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1973 || rowspan=2|''[[Andala Ramudu (1973 film)|Andala Ramudu]]'' || rowspan=2|Telugu || ''Maa Thalli Godavari'' || rowspan=2|[[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[V. Ramakrishna]]
|-
| Chakirevu Baana Emandi || [[V. Ramakrishna]]
|-
| 1977 || Manassakshi || Telugu|| ''Vidhi Chesede Nirnayam'' || J. V. Raghavulu ||
|}

===As an assistant music director===
* 1971 ''[[Prema Nagar]]''

===As a music director===
;Telugu
;. 1968 manassakshi
* 1969 ''Bommalu Cheppina Katha'' (along with [[Master Venu]])
* 1970 ''Drohi''
* 1973 ''[[Jeevana Tarangalu]]''
* 1974 ''[[Dorababu]]''
* 1976 ''Aadavaallu Apanindalu''
* 1977 ''Aatmeeyudu''
* 1977 ''Bhale Alludu''
* 1978 ''[[Katakataala Rudraiah]]''
* 1979 ''Evvadabba Sommu''
* 1979 ''Allari vayasu''
* 1979 ''[[Cheyyethi Jai Kottu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cheyyethi Jai Kottu 1979 Telugu Movie Cast Crew, Actors, Director, Cheyyethi Jai Kottu Producer, Banner, Music Director, Singers & Lyricists |url=https://moviegq.com/movie/cheyyethi-jai-kottu-2168/cast-crew |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=MovieGQ |language=en}}</ref>
* 1979 ''Naa Illu Naa Vaallu''
* 1979 ''[[Rangoon Rowdy]]''
* 1979 ''[[Kothala Raayudu]]''
* 1980 ''Shivamettina Satyam''
* 1980 ''[[Bebbuli]]''
* 1980 ''Samsara Bandham''
* 1980 ''[[Love in Singapore (1980 Telugu film)|Love in Singapore]]''
* 1980 ''[[Mogudu Kaavali]]''
* 1981 guvvala janta
* 1981 ''Shri Anjaneya Charitra''
* 1982 ''[[Bobbili Puli]]''
* 1982 ''Kalahala Kapuram''
* 1982 ''Eenadu''
* 1982 ''[[Intlo Ramayya Veedhilo Krishnayya]]''
* 1982 ''Tarangini''
* 1983 ''Mukku Pudaka''
* 1983 ''Police Venkataswamy''
* 1983 ''[[Maa Inti Premayanam]]''
* 1983 ''[[Simhapuri Simham]]''
* 1983 ''Praja Rajyam''
* 1984 ''[[Babulugaadi Debba]]''
* 1984 ''[[Raraju (1984 film)|Raraju]]''
* 1984 ''Bharatamlo Shankharavam''
* 1984 [[Devanthakudu (1984 film)|''Devanthakudu'']]
* 1985 ''Intiko Rudramma''
* 1985 ''[[Tirugubatu]]''
* 1985 ''Kalyana Tilakam''
* 1985 moodilla muchchata
* 1986 ''Ravana Brahma''
* 1987 [[Brahma Nayudu (1987 film)|''Brahma Nayudu'']]
* 1987 ''[[Viswanatha Nayakudu]]''
* 1987 ''[[Chaitanya Ratham]]''
* 1989 ''Balipeethampai Bharata Naari''
* 1989 ''[[Chalaki Mogudu Chadastapu Pellam]]''
* 1989 '' [[Viyyalavari Vindhu]] ''
* 1990 ''[[20va Sathabdam]]''
* 1991 ''[[Iddaru Pellala Muddula Police]]''
* 1991 Amma Kadupu Challanga
* 1991 ''[[Edurinti Mogudu Pakkinti Pellam]]''
* 1993 ''Sarasaala Soggaadu''
* 1994 ''[[Brahmachari Mogudu]]''
* 1996 ''[[Ooha (film)|Ooha]]''
* 1986 ''Dharmapeetham Daddarillindi''

;Tamil
* 1972 ''[[Kadhalikka Vanga]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720073914/http://www.totaltollywood.com/gallery/J-V-Raghavulu-honored_1659_all.html Picture gallery of honouring J.V.Raghavulu.]
* [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/jv-raghavulu-passes-away/article4793663.ece J V Raghavulu No More]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raghavulu, J. V.}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Telugu film score composers]]
[[Category:Tamil film score composers]]
[[Category:People from East Godavari district]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Singers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]

Porbandar Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:25:29Z

KellyePoindexter: starting post

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Porbandar
| mla = [[Arjun Modhwadia]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arjun Modhwadia, Congress leader resigns from Gujarat Assembly, likely to join BJP|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/gujarat/arjun-modhwadia-congress-leader-resigns-from-gujarat-assembly-join-bjp-lok-sabha-elections-latest-updates-2024-03-04-919845|work=IndiaTV|access-date=4 March 2024}}</ref>
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 elections in India#Gujarat|2024]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Porbandar district|Porbandar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Porbandar Lok Sabha constituency|Porbandar]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:266218}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 83
}}

'''Porbandar''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=delimiation/> It is part of [[Porbandar district|Porbandar]] district. Since [[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|December 2022]] MLA from Porbandar is [[Arjun Modhwadia|Arjun Modhvadia]] of [[Bhartiya Janata Party]].

==Extent of the constituency==
Since 2006, this assembly seat represents<ref name=delimiation>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent|date=12 December 2006|website=Election Commission of India|publisher=Delimitation Commission of India|pages=2–31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref> Porbandar Taluka (Part) Villages – Bhetkadi, Advana, Simar, Rojhivada, Ishvariya, Bhomiyavadar, Sodhana, Shingda, Sisli, Miyani – Bhavpara, Vadala, Ambarama, Fatana, Majivana, Kunvadar, Morana, Paravada, Nagka, Bavalvav, Natvarnagar, Khambhodar, Kindar Kheda, Modhvada, Sakhpur, Tukda Miyani, Visavada, Palkhada, Keshav, Bagvadar, Vachhoda, Khistri, Vinjhrana, Godhana, Sinhjhar Nes, Katvana, Beran, Bharvada, Baradiya, Ratdi, [[Kantela]], Shrinagar, Rinavada, Simani, Bakharla, Boricha, Pandavadar, [[Degam]], Kuchhdi, Zaver, Kolikhada, Bokhira, Porbandar (M), Khapat, Chhaya (M).

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Image
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|1962 ||rowspan=2| Popatlal Dahyabhai Kakkad<ref name=election.in>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/gujarat/assembly-constituencies/porbandar.html|title = Porbandar Election and Results 2017, Candidate list, Winner and Runner-up}}</ref> ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|1967 ||
|-
|1972 || Maldevji M Odedara ||
|-
|1975 || Vasanji Kheraj Thakrar ||
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
|1980 || Shashikant Anandlal Lakhani ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|1985 || Laxmanbhai Bhimbhai Agath ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|1990 || Shashikant Anandlal Lakhani||
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1995 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|rowspan=2| [[Babubhai Bokhiria]]<ref name="Porbandar Constituencywise Result">{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0683.htm?ac=83|title=Porbandar Constituencywise Result|last=|first=|date=12 December 2006}}</ref> ||rowspan=2| [[File:Babubhai Bokhiria.jpg|75px]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
|[[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|rowspan=2| [[Arjun Modhwadia]]<ref name="Porbandar Constituencywise Result"/>||rowspan=2|[[File:Arjun Modhwadia (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|rowspan=2| [[Babubhai Bokhiria]]<ref name="Porbandar Constituencywise Result"/> ||rowspan=2|[[File:Babubhai Bokhiria.jpg|75px]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|rowspan=2| [[Arjun Modhwadia]] || [[File:Arjun Modhwadia (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2024 elections in India#Gujarat|2024^]] ||
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

*^ denotes by-election

==Election results==
===2024 by-election===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2024 elections in India#Gujarat|Gujarat Legislative Assembly by-election, 2024]]: Porbandar<ref name="2024 Bye Election Results - Porbandar">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Bye Election Results - Porbandar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeJune2024/candidateswise-S0683.htm |access-date=7 August 2024 |date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807142648/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeJune2024/candidateswise-S0683.htm |archive-date=7 August 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Arjun Modhwadia]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,33,163
|percentage = 85.96
|change = {{increase}}41.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Odadera Raju Bhima
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 16,355
|percentage = 10.56
|change = {{decrease}}38.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,633
|percentage = 1.7
|change = {{increase}}0.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jungi Jivan Ranchhod
|party = Independent
|votes = 1,089
|percentage = 0.7
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rasik Ghela Mangera
|party = Independent
|votes = 806
|percentage = 0.52
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ashvin Devaji Motivaras
|party = Independent
|votes = 477
|percentage = 0.31
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dilawar Lakha Jokhia
|party = Independent
|votes = 386
|percentage = 0.25
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,16,808
|percentage = 75.4
|change = {{increase}}70.48
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,54,909
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly election, 2022]]: Porbandar Assembly constituency<ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Arjun Modhwadia]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 82056
|percentage = 49.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Babubhai Bokhiria]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 73875
|percentage = 44.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jeevan Jungi
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 5319
|percentage = 3.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rajesh Gaurishankar Pandya
|party = Right to Recall Party
|votes = 128
|percentage = 0.08
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2769
|percentage = 1.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 8181
|percentage = 4.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:261870}}
|ref=
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

===2017===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Porbandar<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Babubhai Bokhiria]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 72,430
|percentage = 47.03
|change = -6.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Arjun Modhwadia]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 70,575
|percentage = 45.82
|change = +4.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Anandbhai Maru
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 4,337
|percentage = 2.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =[[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 3,433
|percentage = 2.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,855
|percentage = 1.21
|change = -10.53
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,54,014
|percentage = 64.74
|change = -3.95
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:237908}}
|ref= <ref name=election2017/>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Porbandar]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat |access-date=11 June 2014 |archive-date=26 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126215052/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Babubhai Bokhiria]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 77,604
|percentage = 53.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Arjun Modhwadia]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 60,458
|percentage = 41.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 17,146
|percentage = 11.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,46,019
|percentage = 68.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|

|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{coord|21.63|69.63|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Porbandar]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Porbandar district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Gujarat]]

Soori (2003 film)

2026-04-14T14:07:13Z

KellyePoindexter:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Soori
| image = Soori (2003 film).jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = Selvan
| producer = P. Vijayakumar
| writer = Selvan
| starring = {{ubl|[[Vignesh (actor)|Vignesh]]|[[Uma (actress)|Uma]]|[[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]]}}
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| cinematography = [[Vijay Milton]]
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
| studio = Sri Kamakshi Studios
| distributor = Tamilini International
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2003|12|19}}
| country = India
| runtime = 150 minutes
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}2 crore
}}

'''''Soori''''' is a 2003 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]], written and directed by Selvan, a former associate of director [[S. Shankar]]. The film stars [[Vignesh (actor)|Vignesh]], [[Uma (actress)|Uma]] and [[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]] in the lead roles. [[Chinni Jayanth]], [[Senthil]] and [[Manobala]] play supporting roles. [[R. Parthiban|Parthiban]] plays a thug in a guest appearance. The film, produced by P. Vijayakumar, had music by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] while [[Vijay Milton]] and Suresh Urs were cinematographer and editor respectively. The film was released on 19 December 2003.

The film's story revolves around a [[sales representative]] who falls in love with a student. He accepts to separate from his lover for one year to test their love endurance. The youth doesn't find her after the delay as promised. The love turns into hatred and revenge, until he sees his soul mate.

==Plot==

The story begins with Surya walking lonely during [[Valentine's Day]]. He [[head shaving|shaves his hair]] and his mustache, and then takes a container lorry. He starts to remember his happy past during the travel.

Surya was a sales representative and worked with his friend Pichamuthu. His family, even knowing he played [[kabaddi]] and often got into fights, was very kind to him. One day he saw Rishaba, a college student, at the bus stop, who advised a smoker not to smoke because it disturbed non-smokers and would cause cancer. Surya was amazed by her words, so he dropped his cigarette and decided to stop smoking.

Surya wakes up screaming and a container passenger jumps with fright. The container passenger is afraid of Surya and offers him a little alcohol. Surya refuses and takes a cigarette. He goes back to his memories.

Another day, his friend and he bought black tickets from a boy at the cinema. Rishaba's friends also bought by this way, so Rishaba tore the tickets and said that the tickets would encourage the boy to have a bad future. Surya tore the tickets in turn. Then she accidentally dropped her book and Surya took it. The full night, Surya decrypted her personality by studying [[graphology]]. The next day, he brought the notebook to Rishaba with her personality description. She was surprised. Surya proposed his love and gave her a love letter. The following morning, he waited at the bus stop for her answer. She ignored him. He began to follow everywhere she went. Anxious, he called out to her when she took the bus. He requested Rishaba to come tomorrow with the same clothes which she wore now (a blue [[shalwar kameez]]) if she agreed to his love or in other clothes if she disagreed his proposal, at the same place. The next day, she came with a red shalwar kameez. Surya was vexed and he promised her that he never would cross his path again. Rishaba immediately showed him her blue shalwar kameez. She explained that her mother had put this dress on the washing machine, so she could not wear it wet. Finally, Rishaba said "I love you" to Surya. Rishaba and Surya became much closer. One day, at the river, Surya wrote on his hand Rishaba's name and his name, and showed it to her. Rishaba found that to write separately their first name took away them. She surrounded the letter of each of their names: ''Soori''. Surya jumped for joy and shouted: "It's not her name, it's not his name, it's their name".

Back in the present, Surya takes his cigarette and burns his tattoo on his arm (which reads ''Soori'') with it, his eyes full of rage.

Rishaba waited for Surya at the bus stop, but he didn't arrive. The next day, she got mad at him, and Surya apologized by saying that his bike was repaired. She scolded him and was upset by his carelessness after only 15 days of love. She said, "Boys are very punctual and rigorous to charm girls who they love but when girls accept their love, they become careless about them." She explains to him that lovers looked only for their plus points and after the marriage, they looked only for their minus points which engaged later divorce. She didn't want them to separate because of this matter. She wished he shared his negative habits and she shared with him her bad habits to improve them to positive things.

They were lovers for 25 days. Rishaba was afraid that time changes people affections. Surya tried to appease him but in vain. They decided to put their love to an endurance test to prove to themselves that the romance was much more than infatuation. The endurance test would last until the next Valentine's Day. Surya became less and less concentrated with what he did. Pichamuthu, after hearing a sad story of a man, phoned Rishaba to tell her that Surya had been admitted at the hospital in a serious condition. She went at the hospital upset and she didn't find him. She phoned Surya, he answered, and she hung up without talking. Surya knew the matter and slapped his friend. He said to not compare his love to others and Pichamuthu apologized. The lovers suffered the pain of separation.

One year later, at Surya's home, his friends came to congratulate him. His family didn't understand why they came to congratulate him, and Surya narrated to them his love matter. They took it easy and they were proud of the way which Surya took. They prepared for the arrival of their future daughter-in-law. Surya waited a long time at the place she promised to come. Upset, his friends and him went to her home. A woman said that Rishaba had shifted to Trichy at her husband's city. His friends presented to his family about the issue and they were shocked.

Main Guard Gate Manikandan, a thug, makes his entry at this point. He fights against people who touched his wife. He goes home and calls a woman called Priya. Uma runs, and then smears him with coloured powder and hugs him with kisses. Surya comes at [[Trichi]] to find his old friend Devi, a former prostitute. Devi feels that Surya has changed a lot. She reveals that her boyfriend is Manikandan and she then asks him to find a house for Surya.

Surya moves on the odd jobs (milk deliverer, newspaper deliverer, etc.). One day, Surya thinks he sees Rishaba and runs behind an [[auto rickshaw]]. At the same moment, Manikandan is in a photoshop and punishes the seller to scratch Rishaba's frame photo. By going out of the store, he grows by Surya and brings down the frame. The frame is broken, Manikandan beats Surya, Devi intervenes in their fight, and she makes clear that it's Surya, her close friend. Surya doesn't even see the photo. While selling [[Kumkum|Kungumam]] at the temple, Devi saw Surya. She asks why he does that, he replies that he searches his girlfriend everywhere where the women are presents. Surya gives to Devi Rishaba's photo. Regrettably, Devi doesn't see the photo and put it at Manikandan's pocket. The housemaid gives the shirt to a [[Dhobi]]. The dhobi finds Priya's photo and gives it to Devi. She recognizes the cover given by Surya. Shocked, she goes to clear the matter. Surya agrees that the woman on the photo was his lover and he would like to kill her. The next morning, Surya reads the newspaper and Devi sees Rishaba's photo on the paper. She managed to take it. Surya cries by seeing his family photo. Finally, the fate shows him the article with Rishaba. Surya reads the articles and goes at the mentioned address. Devi sees the burnt paper. The housemaid said to Surya that they went. Devi also goes there and the housemaid said that a bold man came here to ask this. Devi phoned to Manikandan to prevent him, that Surya will kill Priya.

Surya sees his lover and Manikandan, takes his gun and shoots in Rishaba's direction. Manikandan saves her and takes the bullet on his shoulder. Manikandan puts the gun on his breast and orders Surya to shoot. Surya refuses because his goal is killing his love's traitor. He welds the gun towards Rishaba. Rishaba takes a man's ice cream and eats it like a baby. Surya doesn't understand what happened. Manikandan reveals that she has gone mad, she doesn't know herself and Manikandan but knows only the name: ''Soori''. Manikandan posted at the newspaper the news of her so Surya knows.

The pain of separation is the reason for her situation. She saw anywhere Surya, when she drove her scooter and she had an accident. Manikandan's sister was distributed after the accident, Rishaba hasn't any relation. So Manikandan decided to marry her. Then, just after the marriage, he read her diary and understood their hearts.

Surya, troubled and culprit, cries and refuses to marry her after wishing her death. Manikandan manages to make him accept.

Manikandan takes off the [[Mangalsutra|Thaali]] and Surya knots a new Thaali on Rishaba's neck. Devi takes Manikandan's hand and puts it on her belly, a synonym of her pregnancy. Rishaba takes from Surya's pocket a packet of cigarettes and throws it away.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Vignesh (actor)|Vignesh]] as Surya
*[[Uma (actress)|Uma]] as Rishaba/Priya
*[[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]] as Devi
*[[Chinni Jayanth]] as Pichamuthu, Surya's friend
*[[Senthil]] as Surya's friend
*[[Manobala]] as Container Passenger
*[[Vasu Vikram]] as Wine Shop Owner
*Laxmi Rattan as Surya's father
*Vijaya Singh as Surya's mother
*[[Pondy Ravi]] as Surya's friend
*[[Bava Lakshmanan]] as Surya's friend
*S. K. S Mani as Surya's grandfather
*[[Udayaraj|Master Udayaraj]] as Black Ticket Seller
*[[Suryakanth]] as [[Dhobi]]
*[[Kovai Senthil]] as Priest
*[[Sridhar (choreographer)|Sridhar]] as Dancer ("Pirivellam")
*[[R. Parthiban|Parthiban]] as Main Guard Gate Manikandan (special appearance)
}}

==Production==

===Development===

Selvan, an institute product, has worked under director [[S. Shankar]] for two of his films, ''[[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]]'' and ''[[Jeans (film)|Jeans]]''. He wanted his first feature film to be a love story with a difference. He has also produced and directed two reportages, which were screened at the International Reportages Festival in France. "The film has love, action and comedy. But the undercurrent is only love. One can find a definition for true and divine love," the director declared. "After the release of my film lovers will say that ''Soori'' is the definition of love." Shelvan announced proudly.<ref name="Soori production">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/12/06/stories/2002120601050200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030730075809/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/12/06/stories/2002120601050200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2003-07-30|title= A message of true love|accessdate=2011-10-20|date= 2002-12-06|work=[[The Hindu]]|author=S. R. Ashok Kumar }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atozmasala.com/director-selvan-to-go-on-a-hunger-strike.html|title=Director Selvan to go on a hunger strike|accessdate=2011-10-20|date=2011-06-30|publisher=atozmasala.com}}</ref>

===Casting===

[[Vignesh (actor)|Vignesh]] immediately accepted the offer and was determined not to accept any other film before finishing this film.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Hot%20News%20Just%20for%20U771.htm|title=TAMIL CINEMA 2000 |accessdate=2011-10-20|publisher=cinematoday2.itgo.com}}</ref> [[Monal (actress)|Monal]] was expected to play the lead role, but her sudden suicide prompted the team to look for other actresses.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} Manya was originally selected as heroine but she was later replaced by Uma, daughter of former heroine [[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]], she would essay the role as Vignesh's love interest.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/11/26/stories/2004112602860400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050114074552/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/11/26/stories/2004112602860400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2005-01-14|title=Making a mark in a man's world|accessdate=2011-10-22|date=2004-11-26|work=[[The Hindu]]|author=Malathi Rangarajan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india4u.com/kollywood/snippets.asp?mon=8&yy=2002|title=Debutante Uma in 'Soori'|accessdate=2011-10-22|publisher=india4u.com}}</ref> [[R. Parthiban]] would make a special appearance by playing the role of a thug.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mohankumars.com/html/cinebitssep25oct4.html |title= Soori in big league |accessdate=2011-10-20|publisher=mohankumars.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/cinebit/c93.html |title= Nilacharal|accessdate=2012-03-29 |publisher=nilacharal.com}}</ref> Actress [[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]], busy in Kannada cinema though she had Tamil origins, was chosen to portray an attractive role of a former prostitute and as Parthiban's love interest.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} [[Sayaji Shinde]] was also initially expected to play a leading role in the film, but was later left out.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/cinebit/c5.html |title= Nilacharal|accessdate=2012-03-29 |publisher=nilacharal.com}}</ref> Names of [[Mantra (actress)|Mantra]], [[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]], [[Madhan Bob]], Lakshmi Rattan cropped up for the portrayal of the antagonist's role in the film. Shelvan chose his technicians : [[Vijay Milton]] to handle the camera, Suresh Urs as editor, Sai Piccaso as the art director and Super Subbarayan as the stunt master.<ref name="Soori production" />

[[Deva (composer)|Deva]], composed the musical score whereas his songs featured lyrics provided by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/cinebit/c39.html |title= Nilacharal|accessdate=2012-03-29 |publisher=nilacharal.com}}</ref>

===Filming===

The main scenes have been shot in [[Tiruchirappalli|Tiruchi]]. The director was fond of the [[Cauvery]] river, so he decided to shoot the climax there. A ''pattimandram'' ({{langx|en|[[public debate]]}}) under the stewardship of [[Solomon Pappaiah]] will be included, with regular speakers, indulging in a heated debate.<ref name="Soori production" />
Several actors shaved their head and the film's success was a turning point in their career ([[Sathyaraj]] in ''[[Amaidhi Padai]]'', [[Sarath Kumar]] in ''[[Suriyan]]'' or still [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] in ''[[Sethu (film)|Sethu]])''. Vignesh tonsured his head 70 times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohankumars.com/html/cinebitsoct20oct30.html|title=(Ton)sure route to success|access-date=2011-10-23|publisher=mohankumars.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425080422/http://www.mohankumars.com/html/cinebitsoct20oct30.html|archive-date=25 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The filming was held at locations in Chennai followed by Rameshwaram, Trichy, Mumbai and Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/location/soory.asp |title=Soory |website=Chennai Online |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031212170734/http://www.chennaionline.com/location/soory.asp |archive-date=12 December 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The film was postponed several times. There was an altercation between, the producer, P. Vijayakumar and, the co-producer, S. Suresh Kumar. Due to difference of opinion both the partners split when the film was almost complete. Vijayakumar had agreed to pay back the sum of 13 lakhs to Suresh as part of the settlement. Following this Vijaykumar had issued cheques on various dates. All the cheques got bounced and Suresh filed a case in the Egmore court. In the meantime, Vijayakumar went ahead with the release of ''Soori'' and even conducted a function to release the audio. An agitated Suresh now filed another case in the [[Madras High Court]] to stop the filming of ''Soori'' till his amount was paid. Justice R.Balasubramanian after hearing the case gave the verdict that ''Soori'' should not be released and directed Vijayakumar to settle Suresh's amount.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thatstamil.oneindia.in/movies/news/2006/09/soori.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715221701/http://thatstamil.oneindia.in/movies/news/2006/09/soori.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 July 2012 |title= Court stay release of Soori film|access-date=2011-10-20|publisher=Oneindia}} {{in lang|ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohankumars.com/html/cinebitsoct20oct30.html|title=Soori in trouble ?|access-date=2011-10-23|publisher=mohankumars.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425080422/http://www.mohankumars.com/html/cinebitsoct20oct30.html|archive-date=25 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==

{{Infobox album
| name = Soori
| type = [[soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2003
| recorded = 2003
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 34:49
| label =
| producer = Deva
| prev_title = [[Kadhal Kirukkan]]
| prev_year = 2003
| next_title = [[Engal Anna]]
| next_year = 2004
}}

The film score and the soundtrack were composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]. The soundtrack, released in 2003, features 7 tracks with lyrics written by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tamilsongs.allindiansite.com/soori.html |title= AllIndianSite — Soori — It's all about music |accessdate=2011-10-20|publisher=tamilsongs.allindiansite.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/album/T0000541.html|title= Soori Songs|accessdate=2011-10-20|website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Track !! Song !! Singer(s)!! Duration !! Choreographer !! Picturization
|-
|1 || "Kadavullae Kadavullae" || [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] || 6:27 || Prabhu Srinivas || Vignesh
|-
|2 || "Labama Nashtama" || [[Anuradha Sriram]] || 5:15 || Prabhu Srinivas || Vijayalakshmi
|-
|3 || "Oh My Lover" || [[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] || 6:02 || [[Raju Sundaram]] || Vignesh, Uma
|-
|4 || "Pirivellam" (solo) || Harish Raghavendra || 5:37 || Sridhar || Sridhar, Vignesh, Uma
|-
|5 || "Pirivellam" (duet) || Harish Raghavendra, [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] || 5:37 || Sridhar || Sridhar, Vignesh, Uma
|-
|6 || "Vaanam Kuninthu" || [[Udit Narayan]], [[Srimathumitha]] || 5:32 || Sridhar || Vignesh, Uma
|-
|7 || "Pre Paida" || Timmy || 5:56 || ||
|}

==Reception==

===Critical response===

The film gained primarily mixed reviews with critics, Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu|Hindu.com]]'' gave a positive review. She wrote that "Vijay Milton's excellent camera work and unique choice of angles deserve special mention" and "Sai Picasso's art, the rock temple, [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam|Srirangam]], and the roads in and around Tiruchi give the narration considerable boost.". She praised the cast : "But he (Vignesh) tends to go slightly overboard, especially when he howls aloud in agony. However Vignesh's earnest effort is very much evident in these scenes. As the friendly, fun loving Surya he is more natural and appealing.", "Uma's expressive face is proof enough of her talent" and "Parthiban makes a positive impact as a henchman with a kind heart". Malathi Rangarajan concluded that "If his debut venture ''Soori'' is a sample, Shelvan sure has potential".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/12/26/stories/2003122601440301.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040422112515/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/12/26/stories/2003122601440301.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-04-22|title="Soori"|accessdate=2011-10-20|date=2003-12-26|work=[[The Hindu]]|author=Malathi Rangarajan}}</ref>
Another critic commended the actors by saying : "Actor Vignesh has made a come back through this film. He has given a good performance. Parthiban did a commendable job. Uma is refreshingly beautiful and played her role with understanding". He claimed that the film was average.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kollywood.allindiansite.com/soori.html |title= AllIndianSite — Soori — It's all about movie |accessdate=2011-10-20|publisher=kollywood.allindiansite.com}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote "Shelvan, a one time associate of Shankar, has handled the film well and the climax is bold, unusual and appreciable. The visuals in the song sequences are brilliant and Deva’s musical score is fresh".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun132004/mr3.asp|date=13 June 2004|access-date=21 March 2025|title=Soori|last=GU|website=Deccan Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041225173131/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun132004/mr3.asp|archive-date=25 December 2004}}</ref>

===Box office===
''Soori'' received mixed reviews and disappeared without any trace at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thiraipadam.com/cgi-bin/movie_review.pl?id=445&user_name=bbalaji&review_lang=english|title=Ulla Kadathal — Tamil Movie Review |accessdate=2011-10-20|publisher=thiraipadam.com|author=Balaji Balasubramaniam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tamilgrounds.com/news-update/2010-04-14/krishnaleelai/|title=Krishnaleelai |accessdate=2011-10-20|publisher=tamilgrounds.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/director-threatens-to-go-on-hunger-strike-news-tamil-lg3pF8hidhi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702214919/http://www.sify.com/movies/director-threatens-to-go-on-hunger-strike-news-tamil-lg3pF8hidhi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-07-02|title=Director threatens to go on hunger strike|accessdate=2011-10-23|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0816654|Soori}}

[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:2003 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2003 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2003 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

2014 Indian general election

2026-04-13T13:17:16Z

KellyePoindexter:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = Parliamentary
| previous_election = 2009 Indian general election
| previous_year = 2009
| election_date = {{Start date|df=yes|2014|04|7}} – {{End date|df=yes|2014|05|12}}
| next_election = 2019 Indian general election
| next_year = 2019
| seats_for_election = 543 of the 545 seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]{{efn|name=seats|Two seats were reserved for [[Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha|Anglo-Indians]] and filled by presidential nomination}}
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 15th Lok Sabha
| elected_members = List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha
| majority_seats = 272
| opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the 2014 Indian general election
| turnout = 66.44% ({{increase}} 8.23[[Percentage point|pp]])
| registered = 834,082,814
| 1blank = Alliance seats
| image_size = 120px
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=160|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| leader1 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| alliance1 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| last_election1 = 18.8%, 116 seats
| seats1 = '''282'''
| seat_change1 = {{gain}} 166
| popular_vote1 = '''171,660,230'''
| percentage1 = '''31%'''
| swing1 = {{increase}} 12.2[[Percentage point|pp]]
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Rahul Gandhi (portrait crop).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| leader2 = [[Rahul Gandhi]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
|alliance2 = [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| last_election2 = 28.55%, 206 seats
| seats2 = 44
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 162
| popular_vote2 = 106,935,942
| percentage2 = 19.31%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 9.24[[Percentage point|pp]]
| map_image = {{Switcher|[[File:Indische Parlamentswahl 2014 Parteien.svg|300px]]|Result by Party|[[File:2014 Indian General Election Result Map Alliance Wise.svg|300px]]|Result by Alliance}}
| map_caption =
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| before_election = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| before_party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| posttitle = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] after election
| after_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| after_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leaders_seat2 = [[Amethi Lok Sabha constituency|Amethi]] (''won'')
| leaders_seat1 = [[Vadodara Lok Sabha constituency|Vadodara]] (''vacated'') [[Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency|Varanasi]] (''retained'')
| 1data1 = '''336'''
| 1data2 = 60
| 2blank = Seat change
| 2data1 = {{increase}} 178
| 2data2 = {{decrease}} 202
| 3blank = Alliance percentage
| 3data1 = '''38.5%'''
| 3data2 = 23%
}}

General elections were held in [[India]] in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May 2014 to elect the members of the [[16th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/parliamentaryconstituencies/|title=India General Elections 2014|website=mapsofindia.com|access-date=27 January 2014|archive-date=21 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221093447/http://www.mapsofindia.com/parliamentaryconstituencies/|url-status=live}}</ref> With 834 million registered voters, they were the largest-ever elections in the world until being surpassed by the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 election]]. Around 23.1 million or 2.71% of the total eligible voters were aged 18–19 years.<ref name="dnaindia.com">{{cite news|title=39% of first-time voters back BJP, only 19% vote for Congress|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-39-of-first-time-voters-back-bjp-only-19-vote-for-congress-1989537|agency=Dnaindia.com (22 October 2013)|access-date=21 May 2014|archive-date=28 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928193621/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-39-of-first-time-voters-back-bjp-only-19-vote-for-congress-1989537|url-status=live}}</ref> A total of 8,251 candidates contested the 543 elected [[Lok Sabha]] seats.<ref name="Indiatoday">{{cite web|title=Election 2014 live blog|date=15 May 2014 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/highlights/story/live-lok-sabha-elections-result-2014-193048-2014-05-15|access-date=16 May 2014|archive-date=9 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109092437/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/live-lok-sabha-elections-result-2014/1/361949.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The average election turnout over all nine phases was around 66.44%, the highest ever in the history of Indian general elections until the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 election]].<ref name="Indiatoday"/>

The results were declared on 16 May, 15 days before the [[15th Lok Sabha]] completed its constitutional mandate on 31 May 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/terms_of_houses.aspx|title=Terms of Houses, Election Commission of India|access-date=10 June 2013|archive-date=9 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209063033/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/terms_of_houses.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> The counting exercise was held at 989 counting centers.<ref name="Indiatoday"/> The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) received 31% of the vote and won 282 seats, while its [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) won a total of 336 seats. Although the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) was defeated by a [[landslide victory|landslide]], the BJP's vote share was the lowest by a party winning a majority of seats since independence,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/BJPs-31-lowest-vote-share-of-any-party-to-win-majority/articleshow/35315930.cms|title=BJP's 31% lowest vote share of any party to win majority|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 May 2014|access-date=20 April 2015|archive-date=14 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614162200/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/BJPs-31-lowest-vote-share-of-any-party-to-win-majority/articleshow/35315930.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The BJP won 31.2% votes, while [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]'s combined vote share was 38.5%. However, the governing coalition had the largest majority since the [[1984 Indian general election|1984 elections]], and it was the first time since 1984 that a party had won enough seats to govern without the support of other parties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/blogs/kanhaiya-kumar-narendra-modi-bjp-vote-share-2014-congress-bihar-election/|title=Why Kanhaiya's statement that 69% of India voted against PM Modi is flawed and utterly wrong|date=9 April 2016|access-date=9 April 2016|archive-date=10 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410072216/http://indianexpress.com/article/blogs/kanhaiya-kumar-narendra-modi-bjp-vote-share-2014-congress-bihar-election/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304198504579569412999440246 Modi's Next Moves] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412061900/https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304198504579569412999440246 |date=12 April 2017 }} ''The Wall Street Journal'', 18 May 2014</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Election-results-2014-India-places-its-faith-in-Moditva/articleshow/35224486.cms |title=Election results 2014: India places its faith in Moditva |work=The Times of India |date=17 May 2014 |access-date=21 May 2014 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020223225/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Election-results-2014-India-places-its-faith-in-Moditva/articleshow/35224486.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In contrast, the result was the worst-ever performance by the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), which had ruled India for most of its post-independence history. The INC received 19.3% of the vote and won only 44 seats, with its wider alliance, the [[United Progressive Alliance]], winning a total of just 59.<ref name=pibgoi>{{cite web|url=http://www.pib.gov.in/elections2014/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027170410/http://www.pib.gov.in/elections2014/|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 October 2014|title=Final Results 2014 General Elections|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref><ref name=ecir14>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519040751/http://www.eciresults.ap.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm|archive-date=19 May 2014|url=http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm|title=General Election to Loksabha Trend and Result 2014|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|date=16 May 2014 |access-date=19 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Partywise Trends & Result|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=18 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218160549/http://eciresults.nic.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In order to become the official opposition party in India, a party must have 55 seats; as a result, there was no official opposition party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/10842419/Indias-Congress-rejects-Gandhis-resignation-despite-worst-ever-defeat.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/10842419/Indias-Congress-rejects-Gandhis-resignation-despite-worst-ever-defeat.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=India's Congress rejects Gandhis' resignation despite worst ever defeat|date=19 May 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=16 August 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/lok-sabha-polls-results-2014-congress-defeat-sushilkumar-shinde-kapil-sibal-salman-khurshid-sriprakash-jaiswal-srikant-jena-pallam-raju-ghulam-nabi-azad-sachin-pilot-193283-2014-05-17|title=Modi wave wipes out UPA cabinet, Congress records its worst defeat in Lok Sabha polls|date=17 May 2014 |access-date=16 August 2015|archive-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011192458/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/lok-sabha-polls-results-2014-congress-defeat-sushilkumar-shinde-kapil-sibal-salman-khurshid-sriprakash-jaiswal-srikant-jena-pallam-raju-ghulam-nabi-azad-sachin-pilot/1/362219.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Background==
As per the requirements of the Indian Constitution, [[Elections in India|elections to the Lok Sabha]] must be held at an interval of five years or whenever parliament is dissolved by the [[President of India|president]]. The [[2009 Indian general election|previous election]], to the [[15th Lok Sabha]], was conducted in April–May 2009, and its term would have naturally expired on 31 May 2014. The election to the 16th Lok Sabha was organised and conducted by the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) and was held in multiple phases, to better handle the large electoral base and security concerns.

Since the last general election in 2009, the [[2011 Indian anti-corruption movement|anti-corruption movement]] by [[Anna Hazare]], and other similar moves by [[Ramdev|Baba Ramdev]] and [[Arvind Kejriwal]] (founder of [[Aam Aadmi Party]]), gathered momentum and political interest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seekersfind.in/loksabha-election-2014-prediction-survey/ |title=Lok Sabha election 2014 predictions Survey – Opinion Poll |publisher=Seekers Find .in |date=28 January 2013 |access-date=31 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804032238/http://www.seekersfind.in/loksabha-election-2014-prediction-survey/ |archive-date=4 August 2013 }}</ref> Kejriwal went on to form a separate political party, Aam Aadmi Party, in November 2012. The [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012 presidential election]] resulted in [[Pranab Mukherjee]] of [[Indian National Congress]] becoming the president. Andhra politics was further shaken following the death of its [[Chief Minister (India)|chief minister]], [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]]. His son, [[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy]], then broke from the [[Indian National Congress|INC]] and founded the [[YSR Congress Party]], taking several politicians with him.

The final session of parliament started on 6 February and ended on 21 February. Amongst the agenda in the final session was passing [[The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013]] in tackling corruption and the creation of [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/521241|title=Stormy session marks Indian Parliament's last session before 2014 elections|publisher=Arabnews.com|date=6 February 2014|access-date=9 February 2014|archive-date=6 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206122817/http://www.arabnews.com/news/521241|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Organisation==
[[File:Election dates of Indian general election, 2014.png|thumb|280 px|Dates of 2014 general election]]

===Spending limit===
The Cabinet of India revised the limit of election expenditure by a candidate for parliamentary constituencies to {{INRConvert|7|m}} in bigger states and to {{INRConvert|5.4|m}} in smaller states and all union territories except Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=104384|title=Revision of ceiling on the election expenditure –Amendment to Rule 90 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961|work=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|date=28 February 2014|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=12 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224040/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=104384|url-status=live}}</ref> This revision of the ceiling on the elections were attributed to the increase in the number of electors and polling stations as well as the increase in the cost inflation index.

=== Accessibility ===
[[Satendra Singh (doctor)|Satyendra Singh]], a doctor with a disability,<ref name="disabledsoftware">{{cite news |title=Delhi Election Commission software for differently abled voters |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/delhi-election-commission-software-for-differently-abled-voters/ |date=29 March 2014 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location=New Delhi |access-date=9 April 2014 |archive-date=4 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404191310/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/delhi-election-commission-software-for-differently-abled-voters/ |url-status=live }}</ref> showed the lack of preparedness by the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) towards electors with disabilities through the [[Right to Information Act]].<ref>{{cite news|title=SC order on disabled voters not implemented|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/SC-order-on-disabled-voters-not-implemented/articleshow/31863281.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=12 March 2014|access-date=30 March 2014|archive-date=13 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313142737/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/SC-order-on-disabled-voters-not-implemented/articleshow/31863281.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The Chief Electoral Officer in Delhi, Vijay Dev then started a campaign on providing accessibility for the disabled, along with him. Singh conducted sensitisation workshops for election officers and helped in setting up a registration link for voters with disabilities to register to vote and provide their requirements.<ref name="disabledonline">{{cite news|title=Voters with disability can register online|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Voters-with-disability-can-register-online/articleshow/32751952.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=27 March 2014|access-date=30 March 2014|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009192550/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Voters-with-disability-can-register-online/articleshow/32751952.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Election schedule ==
The [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]] (CEC), [[V. S. Sampath]], announced the polling schedule on 5 March. Voting was scheduled to be held in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May, and the results of the election were announced on 16 May.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lok Sabha polls 2014: EC announces 9 phase schedule|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/lok-sabha-polls-2014-election-commission-to-announce-schedule-shortly_915833.html|publisher=Zee News|access-date=5 March 2014|archive-date=27 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727194431/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/lok-sabha-polls-2014-election-commission-to-announce-schedule-shortly_915833.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.firstpost.com/politics/lok-sabha-election-2014-to-be-held-in-mid-april-ec-sources-1323465.html |title=Lok Sabha Election 2014 to be held in mid April: EC sources |work=first post |date=5 January 2014 |access-date=4 March 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304151456/http://m.firstpost.com/politics/lok-sabha-election-2014-to-be-held-in-mid-april-ec-sources-1323465.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Simultaneous [[2014 elections in India|elections]] were held for the ''[[Vidhan Sabha]]'' of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha, Telangana and Sikkim.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Election-Commission-may-go-for-six-phase-poll-in-April-May/articleshow/30637630.cms |title=Election Commission may go for six-phase poll in April–May |work=The Times of India |date=19 February 2014 |access-date=25 February 2014 |archive-date=25 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225011527/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Election-Commission-may-go-for-six-phase-poll-in-April-May/articleshow/30637630.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable collapsible"
|+Phase-wise polling constituencies in each state
! rowspan="3" |State/Union territory
! rowspan="3" |Total
constituencies
! colspan="9" |Election dates and number of constituencies
|-
!Phase 1
!Phase 2
!Phase 3
!Phase 4
!Phase 5
!Phase 6
!Phase 7
!Phase 8
!Phase 9
|-
!7 April
!9 April
!10 April
!12 April
!17 April
!24 April
!30 April
!7 May
!12 May
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]
|''42''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|17
|25
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]]
|''2''
|
|2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Assam|Assam]]
|''14''
|5
|
|
|3
|
|6
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Bihar|Bihar]]
|''40''
|
|
|6
|
|7
|7
|7
|7
|6
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]]
|''11''
|
|
|1
|
|3
|7
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Goa|Goa]]
|''2''
|
|
|
|
|2
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Gujarat|Gujarat]]
|''26''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|26
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Haryana|Haryana]]
|''10''
|
|
|10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]
|''4''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|4
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|''6''
|
|
|1
|
|1
|1
|1
|2
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Jharkhand|Jharkhand]]
|''14''
|
|
|5
|
|5
|4
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Karnataka|Karnataka]]
|''28''
|
|
|
|
|28
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election in Kerala|Kerala]]
|''20''
|
|
|20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]
|''29''
|
|
|9
|
|10
|10
|
|
|
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election in Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
|''48''
|
|
|10
|
|19
|19
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Manipur|Manipur]]
|''2''
|
|1
|
|
|1
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election in Meghalaya|Meghalaya]]
|''2''
|
|2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election in Mizoram|Mizoram]]
|''1''
|
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Nagaland|Nagaland]]
|''1''
|
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Odisha|Odisha]]
|''21''
|
|
|10
|
|11
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Punjab|Punjab]]
|''13''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|13
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]
|''25''
|
|
|
|
|20
|5
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Sikkim|Sikkim]]
|''1''
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
|''39''
|
|
|
|
|
|39
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Tripura|Tripura]]
|''2''
|1
|
|
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
|''80''
|
|
|10
|
|11
|12
|14
|15
|18
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
|''5''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|5
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in West Bengal|West Bengal]]
|''42''
|
|
|
|
|4
|6
|9
|6
|17
|-
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands Lok Sabha constituency|Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|''1''
|
|
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Chandigarh Lok Sabha constituency|Chandigarh]]
|''1''
|
|
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli Lok Sabha constituency|Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
|''1''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|-
|[[Daman and Diu Lok Sabha constituency|Daman and Diu]]
|''1''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Delhi|Delhi]]
|''7''
|
|
|7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Lakshadweep Lok Sabha constituency|Lakshadweep]]
|''1''
|
|
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Puducherry|Puducherry]]
|''1''
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|
|-
!Constituencies
!543
!6
!7
!92
!5
!122
!117
!89
!64
!41
|-
! colspan=2|Total states/UTs polling on this day
! 2
! 5
! 14
! 3
! 13
! 12
! 9
! 7
! 3
|-
!colspan=2|Total constituencies by end of phase
!6
!13
!105
!110
!232
!349
!438
!502
!543
|-
!colspan=2|% complete by end of phase
!1%
!2%
!19%
!20%
!43%
!64%
!81%
!92%
!100%
|-
! colspan=3|
! colspan=2| States/UTs
! colspan=2| Constituencies
! colspan=7|
|-
| colspan=3| Number of states and UTs polling in single phase
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 21
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 167
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| colspan=3| Number of states and UTs polling in two phases
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 5
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 92
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| colspan=3| Number of states and UTs polling in three phases
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 5
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 116
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| colspan=3| Number of states and UTs polling in five phases
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 2
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 48
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| colspan=3| Number of states and UTs polling in six phases
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 2
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 120
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! colspan=3| Total
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 35
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 543
! colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
|-
!colspan=3| Result
! colspan="8" | 16 May 2014
|}

==Campaign==
{{Main|Campaigning in the 2014 Indian general election}}

=== Issues ===
Important issues during the campaign included high inflation, lack of jobs, economic slow down, corruption, security and terrorism, religious division and communalism, and infrastructure such as roads, electricity and water.<ref>[http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2014/02/India_Political_Report_FINAL_February_26_2014.pdf Indians want political change] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527214934/http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2014/02/India_Political_Report_FINAL_February_26_2014.pdf |date=27 May 2014 }} Pew Research, Washington DC, 26 February 2014</ref><ref>[http://in.reuters.com/article/india-election-2014-youth-jobs-idINDEEA2Q0HT20140327 The great Indian election: it's about jobs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109221208/http://in.reuters.com/article/india-election-2014-youth-jobs-idINDEEA2Q0HT20140327 |date=9 November 2016 }} Reuters, FRANK JACK DANIEL and RAJESH KUMAR SINGH, 28 March 2014</ref><ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21597949-electioneering-focuses-economy-suggests-welcome-realisation-growth-matters India's election and the economy: A useful campaign] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918202110/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21597949-electioneering-focuses-economy-suggests-welcome-realisation-growth-matters |date=18 September 2017 }} The Economist, 1 March 2014</ref> In a survey by ''[[Zee News]]'', inflation was indicated to be the main issue in the election.<ref name="dnaindia1">{{cite web |author=DNA |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-price-rise-is-the-key-issue-in-lok-sabha-election-2014-zee-news-taleem-pre-poll-survey-1969117 |title=Price Rise is the key issue in Lok Sabha Election 2014: Zee News-Taleem pre-poll survey |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=13 March 2014 |access-date=3 April 2014 |archive-date=15 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315232619/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-price-rise-is-the-key-issue-in-lok-sabha-election-2014-zee-news-taleem-pre-poll-survey-1969117 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Economy ====
''[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]'' highlighted India's slowing economy amidst a record high [[Current account (balance of payments)|current account]] deficit and a falling [[Indian rupee|rupee]] in summer 2013. It pointed out a lack of infrastructure investment and a government increasingly likely to give subsidies that the national finances cannot afford just before the election. Other points it mentioned were stagnant policymaking and an inefficient bureaucracy.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-20/india-s-economy-needs-an-early-election.html | publisher=Bloomberg L.P. | title=India's Economy Needs an Early Election | date=20 August 2013 | access-date=7 March 2017 | archive-date=29 December 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229183542/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-20/india-s-economy-needs-an-early-election.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The economy was the main issue in the campaign.<ref name="economist">{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21597949-electioneering-focuses-economy-suggests-welcome-realisation-growth-matters |title=India's election and the economy: A useful campaign |newspaper=The Economist |date=1 March 2014 |access-date=5 March 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304191310/http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21597949-electioneering-focuses-economy-suggests-welcome-realisation-growth-matters |url-status=live }}</ref> The lack of a clear mandate as a result of the election could lead to an increase in the price of gold in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Elections-results-to-influence-gold-prices-Study/articleshow/31266637.cms |title=Elections results to influence gold prices: Study |work=The Times of India |date=1 January 1970 |access-date=5 March 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304052923/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Elections-results-to-influence-gold-prices-Study/articleshow/31266637.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-gold-prices-and-equity-markets-to-be-affected-by-general-elections-says-study-1966290 |title=Gold prices and equity markets to be affected by General elections says study |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=22 October 2013 |access-date=5 March 2014 |archive-date=13 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113064756/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-gold-prices-and-equity-markets-to-be-affected-by-general-elections-says-study-1966290 |url-status=live }}</ref> Modi also brought up the issue of [[Farmers' suicides in India|farmer suicides]] that resulted from high debt and poor yield on their crops.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/at-next-chai-pe-charcha-narendra-modi-will-discuss-farmer-suicides-497385 |title=At next 'Chai pe Charcha', Narendra Modi will discuss farmer suicides |publisher=NDTV.com |access-date=21 March 2014 |archive-date=21 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321065942/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/at-next-chai-pe-charcha-narendra-modi-will-discuss-farmer-suicides-497385 |url-status=live }}</ref> Former Finance Minister [[Yashwant Sinha]] criticised the incumbent Chidambaram in saying that he had a "habit that he will get a strong economy, and he will ruin it before he leaves... Shri Chidambaram will be remembered in history as a spoiler, as someone who specialises in sub-five per cent growth rate, for his hubris, arrogance".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/chidambaram-will-be-remembered-as-a-spoiler-says-yashwant-sinha-502096 |title=Chidambaram will be remembered as a spoiler, says Yashwant Sinha |publisher=NDTV.com |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330201634/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/chidambaram-will-be-remembered-as-a-spoiler-says-yashwant-sinha-502096 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Price rise====
The price of onions, a staple in [[Indian cuisine]], faced a dramatic increase.<ref>{{cite web |first=Annie |last=Gowen |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/tears-as-indias-onion-prices-soar-20131120-2xun3.html |title=Tears as India's onion prices soar |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=20 November 2013 |access-date=25 December 2013 |archive-date=26 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226003718/http://www.smh.com.au/world/tears-as-indias-onion-prices-soar-20131120-2xun3.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the lead up to the election, [[consumer price inflation]] increased more than expected while, paradoxically, [[industrial production]] fell by more than expected, causing a dilemma amid slowing growth.<ref>{{cite web |last=Krishnan |first=Unni |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-12/india-factory-output-falls-in-october-as-domestic-demand-ebbs.html |title=Rajan in India Rate Dilemma as CPI Tops 11% Amid Growth Woes |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |date=12 December 2013 |access-date=25 December 2013 |archive-date=16 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216073339/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-12/india-factory-output-falls-in-october-as-domestic-demand-ebbs.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The price of salt was also indicative of general [[food inflation]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Nilanjana S. Roy  |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/opinion/roy-of-indian-elections-onions-and-salt.html |title=Of Indian Elections, Onions and Salt – The New York Times |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=20 November 2013 |access-date=19 August 2018 |archive-date=27 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927050641/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/opinion/roy-of-indian-elections-onions-and-salt.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Corruption ====
{{see also|List of scandals in India}}
During the UPA-2 government, a number of scams came to public attention, deteriorating the image of the government among the common man.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}} These scams included [[Indian coal allocation scam|coal scam]], [[2G spectrum case]], [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal|AgustaWestland Chopper scam]] and [[Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games|CWG scam]].{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}

===Celebrity candidates===
Celebrity candidates from non-political spheres were nominated in the election. These included: [[Raj Babbar]] (INC), [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] (AITC), [[Biswajit Chatterjee]] (AITC), [[Sandhya Roy]] (AITC), [[Smriti Irani]] (BJP), [[Jaaved Jaaferi]] (AAP), [[Prakash Jha]] (JD(U)), [[Mohammad Kaif]] (INC), [[Kamaal Rashid Khan]] (SP), [[Vinod Khanna]] (BJP), [[Ravi Kishan]] (INC), [[Kirron Kher]] (BJP), [[Bappi Lahiri]] (BJP), [[Hema Malini]] (BJP), [[Mahesh Manjrekar]] (MNS), [[Bhagwant Mann]] (AAP), [[Nandan Nilekani]] (INC), [[Gul Panag]] (AAP), [[Jaya Prada]] (RLD), [[Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore]] (BJP), [[Paresh Rawal]] (BJP), [[Rakhi Sawant]] (RAP), [[Indranil Sen]] (AITC), [[Moon Moon Sen]] (AITC), [[V. K. Singh|Vijay Kumar Singh]] (BJP), [[Shatrughan Sinha]] (BJP), [[P. C. Sorcar Jr.]] (BJP), [[Babul Supriyo]] (BJP), [[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]] (BJP), [[Innocent Vincent]] ([[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]-IND), [[Nagma (actress)|Nagma]] (INC), [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]] (AITC), and [[Siddhanta Mahapatra]] (BJD).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bjp.org/know-your-candidate/?start=40&candidate_state=West%20Bengal&candidate_phase=|title=Know your Candidate|publisher=Bjp.org|access-date=6 April 2014|archive-date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013210318/http://www.bjp.org/know-your-candidate/?start=40&candidate_state=West%20Bengal&candidate_phase=|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Celeb">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/shatrughan-sinha-raj-babbar-hema-malini-kirron-kher-gul-panag-moon-moon-sen-pawan-kalyan-in-lok-sabha-elections-2014-185889-2014-03-23|title=Will movie stars shine bright in elections 2014?|work=India Today|date=23 March 2014|access-date=27 March 2014|archive-date=25 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325015338/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/shatrughan-sinha-raj-babbar-hema-malini-kirron-kher-gul-panag-moon-moon-sen-pawan-kalyan-in-lok-sabha-elections-2014/1/350778.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Rakhi">{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rakhi-sawant-to-contest-ls-polls-from-mumbai/460434-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327221151/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rakhi-sawant-to-contest-ls-polls-from-mumbai/460434-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 March 2014|title=Rakhi Sawant to contest LS polls from Mumbai|publisher=CNN-IBN|date=26 March 2014|agency=IBN|access-date=26 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Gargi|last=Parsai|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/aap-pits-jaaved-jaaferi-against-rajnath-singh-in-lucknow/article5855229.ece?homepage=true|title=AAP pits Jaaved Jaaferi against Rajnath Singh in Lucknow|work=The Hindu|date=31 March 2014|access-date=1 April 2014|archive-date=3 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403111558/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/aap-pits-jaaved-jaaferi-against-rajnath-singh-in-lucknow/article5855229.ece?homepage=true|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Parties and alliances ==

=== National Democratic Alliance ===
{{see also|List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election}}
The constituents of the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] and the seats they contested and won are shown at the right in the table:
The NDA garnered an overwhelming number of 336 seats in this election. This has propelled it to form the government in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/nda-hopeful-of-more-pre-poll-and-post-poll-friends-114022801201_1.html |title=NDA hopeful of more pre-poll and post-poll friends |work=Business Standard |date=28 February 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407120241/http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/nda-hopeful-of-more-pre-poll-and-post-poll-friends-114022801201_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Tiwari |first=Ravish |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/partners-possibles-in-bjps-target-272/2/ |title=Partners & possibles in BJP's target 272 | Page 2 |work=The Indian Express |date=5 March 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407185157/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/partners-possibles-in-bjps-target-272/2/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dutta |first=Debjani |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Rangasamy-in-NDA-Names-Ex-Speaker-as-LS-Candidate/2014/03/13/article2106172.ece |title=Rangasamy in NDA, Names Ex-Speaker as LS Candidate |work=The New Indian Express |date=13 March 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407133632/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Rangasamy-in-NDA-Names-Ex-Speaker-as-LS-Candidate/2014/03/13/article2106172.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/BJP-Forms-State-Chapter-of-NDA-with-4-Parties/2014/03/16/article2111263.ece |title=BJP Forms State Chapter of NDA with 4 Parties |work=The New Indian Express |date=16 March 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=16 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816211449/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/BJP-Forms-State-Chapter-of-NDA-with-4-Parties/2014/03/16/article2111263.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/apna-dal-allies-with-nda/article5826609.ece |title=Apna Dal allies with NDA |work=The Hindu |date=25 March 2014 |access-date=26 March 2014 |archive-date=28 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328004908/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/apna-dal-allies-with-nda/article5826609.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable floatright sortable"
|-
! Rowspan=2| Party
! Colspan=2| Seats
|-
! Contested
! Won
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || align=center|427 || align=center|282
|-
| [[Telugu Desam Party]] || align=center|30 || align=center|16
|-
| [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] || align=center|20 || align=center|18
|-
| [[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]] || align=center|14 || align=center|0
|-
| [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] || align=center|10 || align=center|4
|-
| [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] || align=center|8 || align=center|1
|-
| [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] || align=center|7 || align=center|0
|-
| [[Lok Janshakti Party]] || align=center|7 || align=center|6
|-
| [[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]] || align=center|3 || align=center|3
|-
| [[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal]] || align=center|2 || align=center|2
|-
| [[Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)]] || align=center|2 || align=center|0
|-
| [[Swabhimani Paksha]] || align=center|2 || align=center|1
|-
| [[Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi]] || align=center|1 || align=center|0
|-
| [[Puthiya Needhi Katchi]] || align=center|1 || align=center|0
|-
| [[Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi]] || align=center|1 || align=center|0
|-
| [[All India N.R. Congress]] || align=center|1 || align=center|1
|-
| [[Republican Party of India (A)]] || align=center|1 || align=center|0
|-
| [[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha]] || align=center|1 || align=center|0
|-
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)|Revolutionary Socialist Party (Bolshevik)]] || align=center|1 || align=center|0
|-
| [[Kerala Congress (Nationalist)]] || align=center|1 || align=center|0
|-
| [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]] || align=center|1 || align=center|1
|-
| [[Naga People's Front]] || align=center|1 || align=center|1
|-
| [[Mizo National Front]] || align=center|1 || align=center|0
|-
! [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] !! 543 !! 336
|}

==== Bharatiya Janata Party ====
;Organisation
Gujarat Chief Minister [[Narendra Modi]] was appointed to lead the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s campaign after a party conclave in Goa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2013/0514/US-India-dance-awkwardly-around-the-man-who-might-be-India-s-next-leader|title=US, India dance awkwardly around the man who might be India's next leader|work=The Christian Science Monitor|date=14 May 2013|access-date=18 May 2013|archive-date=1 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501085820/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2013/0514/US-India-dance-awkwardly-around-the-man-who-might-be-India-s-next-leader|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Pradhan |first=Bibhudatta |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-09/modi-to-lead-election-campaign-of-india-s-main-opposition-party.html |title=Modi to Manage Election Campaign of India's Main Opposition BJP |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |date=9 June 2013 |access-date=31 July 2013 |archive-date=20 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820014247/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-09/modi-to-lead-election-campaign-of-india-s-main-opposition-party.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This came amid controversy as [[L. K. Advani]] opposed the decision and resigned from his party posts, only to later rescind his resignation.<ref>{{cite news |first=R |last=Jagannathan |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/the-aurangzeb-factor-5-lessons-from-modi-advani-tussle-864343.html |title=The Aurangzeb factor: 5 lessons from Modi-Advani tussle |work=Firstpost |access-date=10 January 2014 |archive-date=13 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213065353/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/the-aurangzeb-factor-5-lessons-from-modi-advani-tussle-864343.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Advani proposed Shivaraj Chouhan as prime ministerial candidate and compared him with Vajpayee.<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/advani-bats-for-shivraj-chouhan/article4772470.ece</ref> [[Murli Manohar Joshi]] and [[Sushma Swaraj]] were part of the team for the campaign. [[Rajnath Singh]], [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] and Advani were the mentors for the BJP's campaign.<ref name=HT19713>{{cite news |date=19 July 2013 |title=BJP names team for 2014, Modi at the helm |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/bjp-names-team-for-2014-modi-at-the-helm/article1-1095081.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721105031/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/newdelhi/BJP-names-team-for-2014-Modi-at-the-helm/Article1-1095081.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 July 2013 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=31 July 2013}}</ref> A 12-member committee, led by Modi, was appointed at the Goa conclave which included [[M. Venkaiah Naidu]], [[Nitin Gadkari]], Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]], Chhattisgarh Chief Minister [[Raman Singh]] and Goa Chief Minister [[Manohar Parrikar]].<ref name=HT19713/>

;Key leader's constituencies
Modi contested the election from [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]] in Uttar Pradesh<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bjp.org/media-resources/press-releases/5th-list-of-candidates-for-lok-sabha-election-2014| title = 5th List of Candidates for Lok Sabha Election 2014| publisher = Bharatiya Janata Party| date = 18 March 2014| access-date = 21 March 2014| archive-date = 22 September 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180922151941/http://www.bjp.org/media-resources/press-releases/5th-list-of-candidates-for-lok-sabha-election-2014| url-status = dead}}</ref> and [[Vadodara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vadodara]] in Gujarat.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bjp.org/media-resources/press-releases/4th-list-of-candidates-for-lok-sabha-election-2014| title = 4th List of Candidates for Lok Sabha Election 2014| publisher = Bharatiya Janata Party| date = 15 March 2014| access-date = 21 March 2014| archive-date = 22 September 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180922151912/http://www.bjp.org/media-resources/press-releases/4th-list-of-candidates-for-lok-sabha-election-2014| url-status = dead}}</ref> In Varanasi, the sizeable Muslim minority population was viewed by the media as an important voter target and the BJP's minority cell leader Salim Mohommad took part in campaigning.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/in-varanasi-the-narendra-modi-puzzle-for-muslim-voters-497463 |title=In Varanasi, the Narendra Modi puzzle for Muslim voters |publisher=NDTV.com |access-date=21 March 2014 |archive-date=19 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319221232/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/in-varanasi-the-narendra-modi-puzzle-for-muslim-voters-497463 |url-status=live }}</ref> Advani wanted to contest from [[Bhopal]] but later agreed to contest again from his incumbent seat [[Gandhinagar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/lk-advani-refuses-to-accept-bjp-nomination-from-gandhinagar-sources-497649 |title=LK Advani refuses to accept BJP nomination from Gandhinagar: sources |publisher=NDTV.com |access-date=21 March 2014 |archive-date=19 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319233612/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/lk-advani-refuses-to-accept-bjp-nomination-from-gandhinagar-sources-497649 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also rejected a proposal to be appointed to the Rajya Sabha in favour of running in the election.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/21/india-elections-old-men-and-dynasties-vie-for-power/ |title=India elections: old men and dynasties vie for power |work=Financial Times |access-date=21 March 2014 |archive-date=25 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325201534/http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/21/india-elections-old-men-and-dynasties-vie-for-power/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Advani was given the Gandhinagar seat because Modi wanted him to contest from Gujarat, according to Rajnath Singh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rajnath-downplays-row-says-modi-wanted-advani-to-contest-from-gujarat/460451-3-238.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327055328/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rajnath-downplays-row-says-modi-wanted-advani-to-contest-from-gujarat/460451-3-238.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 March 2014 |title=Rajnath downplays row, says Modi wanted Advani to contest from Gujarat |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=27 March 2014|access-date=31 March 2014}}</ref>
Arun Jaitley contested for the Lok Sabha for the first time (having previously been a [[Rajya Sabha]] member)<ref name="sighu">{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/arun-jaitley-campaigns-in-amritsar-no-sidhu-in-sight-496883 |title=Arun Jaitley campaigns in Amritsar. No Sidhu in sight. |publisher=NDTV.com |access-date=21 March 2014 |archive-date=21 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321141010/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/arun-jaitley-campaigns-in-amritsar-no-sidhu-in-sight-496883 |url-status=live }}</ref> from [[Amritsar]] against former Punjab Chief Minister Captain [[Amarinder Singh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/N3pkDyzb1wuocKlqQPosVM/Amarinder-Singh-to-contest-against-Arun-Jaitley-from-Amritsa.html |title=Amarinder Singh to contest against Arun Jaitley from Amritsar |publisher=Livemint |date=12 March 2014 |access-date=21 March 2014 |archive-date=22 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322001404/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/N3pkDyzb1wuocKlqQPosVM/Amarinder-Singh-to-contest-against-Arun-Jaitley-from-Amritsa.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The move was controversial as incumbent MP from Amritsar [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]] was unhappy in not being allocated the constituency. Yet he said that as Jaitley was his "[[guru]]" he would accept the decision, but would not run from any other constituency. The reason for not allocating the ticket to Sidhu was said to be because of his spat with the [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] Punjab Chief Minister [[Parkash Singh Badal]] and party President [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]], as well as other BJP personnel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-with-arun-jaitley-s-arrival-navjot-singh-sidhu-s-punjab-politics-over-for-now-1969858 |title=With Arun Jaitley's arrival, Navjot Singh Sidhu's Punjab politics over for now |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=16 March 2014 |access-date=21 March 2014 |archive-date=19 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319081205/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-with-arun-jaitley-s-arrival-navjot-singh-sidhu-s-punjab-politics-over-for-now-1969858 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Jaswant Singh]] was denied nomination from [[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]] constituency so he decided instead to contest the seat as an independent.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/the-big-story/bjp-expels-senior-leader-jaswant-singh-for-six-years/article1-1201960.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329230518/http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/the-big-story/bjp-expels-senior-leader-jaswant-singh-for-six-years/article1-1201960.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 March 2014|title=BJP expels defiant Jaswant Singh for 6 years|work=Hindustan Times|date=29 March 2014|access-date=10 May 2014}}</ref>

;Campaign and Issues
{{main|Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2014 Indian general election}}
The BJP released its manifesto on 7 April 2014. The party promised to set up a Price Stabilisation Fund and to evolve a single 'National Agriculture Market' to check price rise and go for e-Governance, policy-driven governance and simplification of the tax regime to prevent corruption. It wanted to encourage labour-intensive manufacturing, focus on traditional employment bases of agriculture, the upgrade of infrastructure and housing and self-employment opportunities for job creation. Harnessing satellite technology; setting up National Optical-Fibre Network up to the village level; Diamond Quadrilateral project – of [[High-speed rail|High Speed Train network]] were among several other things that the party promised.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjps-election-manifesto-15-salient-points-of-its-5-year-road-map-for-india/articleshow/33376625.cms |title=BJP's election manifesto: 15 salient points of its 5-year road map for India |work=The Economic Times |date=7 April 2014 |access-date=1 May 2014 |archive-date=4 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504025156/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjps-election-manifesto-15-salient-points-of-its-5-year-road-map-for-india/articleshow/33376625.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Himachal Pradesh BJP attacked the UPA's "one rank, one pension" scheme as an "election stunt", according to the convenor of the BJP's ex-servicemen cell, Brigadier (Retired) Lal Chand Jaswal. The move followed the BJP raising the issue in the previous years and Modi's announcement at an ex-servicemen's rally at [[Rewari]] on 15 September 2013 and at [[Sujanpur]] on 17 February.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/upa-s-one-rank-one-pension-decision-election-stunt-bjp_919635.html |title=UPA's 'one rank, one pension' decision election stunt: BJP |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=25 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325052553/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/upa-s-one-rank-one-pension-decision-election-stunt-bjp_919635.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Modi also criticised the INC and Rahul Gandhi for giving a ticket to former Maharashtra Chief Minister [[Ashok Chavan]] despite his indictment in the [[Adarsh Housing Society scam]] in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/narendra-modi-slams-congress-as-shameless-for-saying-no-law-stops-tainted-ashok-chavan-from-contesti-502102 |title=Narendra Modi slams Congress as 'shameless' for saying no law stops tainted Ashok Chavan from contesting polls |publisher=NDTV.com |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330201534/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/narendra-modi-slams-congress-as-shameless-for-saying-no-law-stops-tainted-ashok-chavan-from-contesti-502102 |url-status=live }}</ref> He further criticised Gandhi's comments about his governance of Gujarat at rally in [[Bijapur]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/narendra-modi-hits-back-at-rahul-gandhi-over-balloon-jibe-on-gujarat-model-502202 |title=Narendra Modi hits back at Rahul Gandhi over balloon jibe on Gujarat model |publisher=NDTV.com |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330201347/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/narendra-modi-hits-back-at-rahul-gandhi-over-balloon-jibe-on-gujarat-model-502202 |url-status=live }}</ref> At a rally in [[Gurgaon]], Haryana, part of the wider National Capital Region, Modi said: "People gave ruling Congress 60 years, I just need 60 months to prove that the BJP is the best option for India" and alleged that the INC was protecting [[Robert Vadra]], the son-in-law of Sonia Gandhi, after he was said to have "sold farmers land" and made money. "Robert Vadra's empty bank account was credited with $8.30m (Rs 500 million) in just three months. BJP wants answers".<ref>{{cite web |first=Baba |last=Umar |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/04/indias-modi-attacks-ruling-congress-party-201444154849756645.html |title=India's Modi attacks ruling Congress party |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=6 April 2014 |archive-date=6 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406161544/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/04/indias-modi-attacks-ruling-congress-party-201444154849756645.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He also criticised the INC's Nandan Nilekani as he had "squandered crores of rupees in giving a unique identity ([[Aadhaar]]) to millions of people, which even the Supreme Court questioned, as it did not address the security concerns."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india.com/election-2014/key-leaders/narendra-modi/bjp-supremo-narendra-modi-says-india-needs-a-strong-government-in-delhi-36448/ |title=BJP supremo Narendra Modi says India needs a strong government in Delhi |publisher=India.com |date=9 April 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413130225/http://www.india.com/election-2014/key-leaders/narendra-modi/bjp-supremo-narendra-modi-says-india-needs-a-strong-government-in-delhi-36448/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Amongst the [[social media]], individuals came up with satirical takes on sports, movies (in Hindi and English) and songs, amongst other things, in support of the BJP campaign slogan that were premised on "''Aab ki baar, Modi sarkar''" ([This time, [we will have a] Modi government]).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140409/nation-current-affairs/gallery/viral-ab-ki-baar-modi-sarkar-memes |title=Viral 'Ab ki baar, Modi sarkar' memes |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=11 April 2014 |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-date=11 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411002412/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140409/nation-current-affairs/gallery/viral-ab-ki-baar-modi-sarkar-memes |url-status=dead }}</ref> Modi was noted for focusing, in his rallies across the country, on the 23 million first-time come-of-age voters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thefivefortyfive.com/how-narendra-modi-is-targeting |title=How Narendra Modi Is Targeting 23 Million First-Time Voters |publisher=Thefivefortyfive.com |access-date=11 April 2014 |archive-date=11 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411200040/http://thefivefortyfive.com/how-narendra-modi-is-targeting |url-status=live }}</ref> By the last day of campaigning on 10 May, Narendra Modi had undertaken the largest mass outreach in India's electoral history by travelling about 300,000 km for 437 public meetings in 25 states and 1350 innovative 3D rallies according to the BJP.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Narendra-Modis-electoral-milestone-437-rallies-3-lakh-km/articleshow/34400255.cms |title=Narendra Modi's electoral milestone: 437 rallies, 3 lakh km |work=The Times of India |date=30 April 2014 |access-date=1 May 2014 |archive-date=1 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501193756/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Narendra-Modis-electoral-milestone-437-rallies-3-lakh-km/articleshow/34400255.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In regards to [[foreign relations of India]], Modi, in a rally in Arunachal Pradesh, a state which borders China with a history of border disputes, swore to protect the country<ref>{{cite news |last=Miglani |first=Sanjeev |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/india-election-policy-modi-idINDEEA2T00620140330 |title=If Modi wins election, neighbours can expect a more muscular India |work=Reuters |access-date=5 July 2021 |archive-date=2 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402041705/http://in.reuters.com/article/india-election-policy-modi-idINDEEA2T00620140330 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and criticised "Chinese expansionism."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/opinion/op-ed-narenda-modi-and-china-a-complex-equation-487872 |title=Op-ed: Narenda Modi and China, a complex equation |publisher=NDTV.com |date=25 February 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145500/http://www.ndtv.com/article/opinion/op-ed-narenda-modi-and-china-a-complex-equation-487872 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also highlighted the importance of diplomats discussing issues like trade facilitation and promoting Indian business abroad.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bagchi |first=Indrani |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/32711979.cms |title=Ministry of External Affairs needs a complete overhaul: Narendra Modi |work=The Economic Times |date=26 March 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |archive-date=9 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009192613/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/32711979.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Others====
;Lok Janshakti Party
[[Lok Janshakti Party]] leader [[Ram Vilas Paswan]] announced on 30 January that the LJP, RJD and INC will jointly contest the election from Bihar's constituencies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/RJD-LJP-Cong-alliance-final-in-Bihar-Ram-Vilas-Paswan-says/articleshow/29614330.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140206162029/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-30/india/46827087_1_chirag-paswan-rjd-lalu-prasad |url-status=live |archive-date=6 February 2014 |title=RJD-LJP-Cong alliance final in Bihar, Ram Vilas Paswan says |date=30 January 2014|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> He later announced on 27 February that he will instead join the NDA. LJP contested polls with the BJP and Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP) on 40 seats with 30 seats for BJP, three seats for RLSP and seven seats for LJP. LJP and RLSP won all the seats allotted to them with BJP winning 22 seats. The election was seen by many BJP leaders as a show of strength after fallout with JD(U). After the election results, Nitish Kumar was forced to resign from the post of Chief Minister after being marginalised to just 2 seats.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Paswan-returns-to-NDA-formally-announces-alliance-with-BJP/articleshow/31119521.cms |title=Paswan returns to NDA, formally announces alliance with BJP |work=The Times of India |date=27 February 2014 |access-date=28 February 2014 |archive-date=27 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227220841/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Paswan-returns-to-NDA-formally-announces-alliance-with-BJP/articleshow/31119521.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
[[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]] (DMDK), led by Tamil film actor [[Vijayakanth]] joined the NDA on 26 February.<ref>{{cite web |last=Panwar |first=Preeti |url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/confirmed-dmdk-bjp-form-alliance-in-tamil-nadu-for-lok-sabha-polls-1402705.html |title=Confirmed: DMDK-BJP form alliance in Tamil Nadu for LS polls |publisher=Oneindia |date=26 February 2014 |access-date=5 March 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304213742/http://news.oneindia.in/india/confirmed-dmdk-bjp-form-alliance-in-tamil-nadu-for-lok-sabha-polls-1402705.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Lok Satta Party
On 10 April, while campaigning in Telangana, [[Jayaprakash Narayan (Lok Satta)|Jayaprakash Narayan]] of the [[Lok Satta Party]] stated that while his party had a few differences of opinion with the BJP manifesto, they had decided to support the NDA in the "national interest".<ref name="loksattaurban">{{cite news |title=Lok Satta to Focus on Urban Areas |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Lok-Satta-to-Focus-on-Urban-Areas/2014/04/10/article2160038.ece |date=10 April 2014 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |location=Hyderabad |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413123518/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Lok-Satta-to-Focus-on-Urban-Areas/2014/04/10/article2160038.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> On the other hand, Dr. [[Jayaprakash Narayan (Lok Satta)|Jayaprakash Narayan]] contested from the [[Malkajgiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malkajgiri]]. Malkajgiri had {{formatnum:2953915}} eligible voters in the election making it the largest parliamentary constituency of the country in terms of number of voters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Lok-Satta-Party-chief-Jayaprakash-Narayan-to-contest-from-Malkajgiri-LS-seat/articleshow/31637405.cms |title=Lok Satta Party chief Jayaprakash Narayan to contest from Malkajgiri LS seat |work=The Times of India |date=8 March 2014 |access-date=14 May 2014 |archive-date=14 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314215955/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Lok-Satta-Party-chief-Jayaprakash-Narayan-to-contest-from-Malkajgiri-LS-seat/articleshow/31637405.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Shiv Sena, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
The [[Swabhimani Paksha]] (SWP) a political party of [[Swabhimani Shetkari Saghtana]] (SSS) joined the [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]-BJP-[[Republican Party of India (A)]] alliance in February. The SSS, which represents the interests of farmers in western [[Maharashtra]] was offered two seats – Madha in Solapur, where NCP leader Sharad Pawar sits, and Hathkanangale, the seat of SSS leader Raju Shetti. Shetti also sought Baramati but this was rejected by the Shiv Sena and BJP, who decided to leave a seat each from their quotas of 22 and 26 to accommodate SSS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sss-joins-nda-threat-to-ncp/1216628/ |title=SSS joins NDA, threat to NCP |work=The Indian Express |date=8 January 2014 |access-date=5 March 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304174011/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sss-joins-nda-threat-to-ncp/1216628/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha]] also joined the alliance in January.<ref>{{cite news|first=Lok|last=Sabha|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-07/news/45955465_1_aam-aadmi-party-aap-plans-opposition-alliance|title=Setback to AAP plans as Swabhimani Shetkari Sanghatana joins Sena-BJP led combine|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=7 January 2014|access-date=5 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140114184127/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-07/news/45955465_1_aam-aadmi-party-aap-plans-opposition-alliance|archive-date=14 January 2014}}</ref> In addition to the aforementioned four parties that were contesting from Maharashtra, RSP was also in the alliance.<ref name="mnsbjp">{{cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/mns-decides-to-take-on-shiv-sena-and-back-bjp-1427177.html |title=MNS decides to take on Shiv Sena and back BJP |work=Firstpost |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150937/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/mns-decides-to-take-on-shiv-sena-and-back-bjp-1427177.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Shiromani Akali Dal
[[Shiromani Akali Dal]] contested 10 out of 13 seats in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].

===United Progressive Alliance===
{{further|List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election}}
The constituents of the [[United Progressive Alliance]] and the seats they contested and won are shown at the right in the table:
This election turned out to be an unprecedented disaster for the UPA as they garnered the lowest number of seats in their history.

{| class="wikitable floatright sortable"
|-
! Rowspan=2| Party
! Colspan=2| Seats
|-
! Contested
! Won
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]]<ref name="Cong">{{cite web | url=http://inc.in/media/candidate.aspx | title=Indian National Congress : Candidate List for Lok Sabha 2014 | publisher=AICC | access-date=17 March 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406105503/http://inc.in/media/candidate.aspx | archive-date=6 April 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| align=center|464
| align=center|44
|-
| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]<ref name="RJD-INC-NCP">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/congressrjdncp-forge-alliance-in-bihar/article5753377.ece | title=Congress-RJD-NCP forge alliance in Bihar | date=5 March 2014 | work=The Hindu | access-date=17 April 2014 | archive-date=19 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419011731/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/congressrjdncp-forge-alliance-in-bihar/article5753377.ece | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="INC-NCP-Goa">{{cite news | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/congress-ncp-announce-alliance-in-goa/ | title=Congress, NCP announce alliance in Goa | agency=Press Trust of India | date=23 March 2014 | work=The Indian Express | access-date=17 April 2014 | archive-date=18 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418192224/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/congress-ncp-announce-alliance-in-goa/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
| align=center|28
| align=center|4
|-
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]]<ref name="INC-NCP">{{cite news | url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/lok-sabha-polls-cong-ncp-finalise-seat-sharing-in-maharashtra-1382817.html | title=Lok Sabha polls: Cong, NCP finalise seat sharing in Maharashtra | work=First Post | date=10 February 2014 | access-date=17 April 2014 | archive-date=26 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226222524/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/lok-sabha-polls-cong-ncp-finalise-seat-sharing-in-maharashtra-1382817.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="INC-NCP-Guj">{{cite news | url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/congress-ncp-finalise-seat-sharing-arrangement-in-gujarat-500612 | title=Congress, NCP finalise seat sharing arrangement in Gujarat | agency=Press Trust of India | date=26 March 2014 | publisher=NDTV | access-date=17 April 2014 | archive-date=19 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012603/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/congress-ncp-finalise-seat-sharing-arrangement-in-gujarat-500612 | url-status=live }}</ref>
| align=center|23
| align=center|6
|-
| [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]<ref name="INC-RLD-MD">{{cite news | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/cong-to-leave-8-seats-for-rld-3-for-mahan-dal-in-western-up/ | title=Cong to leave 8 seats for RLD, 3 for Mahan Dal in western UP | work=The Indian Express | date=9 March 2014 | access-date=17 April 2014 | archive-date=13 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413095649/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/cong-to-leave-8-seats-for-rld-3-for-mahan-dal-in-western-up/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
| align=center|8
| align=center|0
|-
| [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]<ref name="INC-JMM">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/congress-strikes-alliance-with-jmm-ahead-of-general-elections/article4885162.ece | title=Congress strikes alliance with JMM ahead of general elections | work=The Hindu | date=6 July 2013 | access-date=17 April 2014 | archive-date=18 November 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118141834/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/congress-strikes-alliance-with-jmm-ahead-of-general-elections/article4885162.ece | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="INC-JMM-RJD">{{cite news|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=836528 |title='Ex-Maoist' Leader Vs Former Police Chief in Palamau |work=Outlook |date=10 April 2014 |access-date=17 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418234140/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=836528 |archive-date=18 April 2014 }}</ref>
| align=center|4
| align=center|2
|-
| [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]<ref name="INC-NC">{{cite news | url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/omar-abdullah-refutes-breakup-talks-in-national-conference-congress-alliance-478252 | title=Omar Abdullah refutes breakup talks in National Conference-Congress alliance | publisher=NDTV | date=1 February 2014 | access-date=17 April 2014 | archive-date=3 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203072905/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/omar-abdullah-refutes-breakup-talks-in-national-conference-congress-alliance-478252 | url-status=live }}</ref>
| align=center|3
| align=center|0
|-
| [[Mahan Dal]]<ref name="INC-RLD-MD"/>
| align=center|3
| align=center|0
|-
| [[Indian Union Muslim League]]<ref name="INC-Allies-Kerala">{{cite news | url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/kerala-is-all-set-to-vote-and-elect-20-lok-sabha-members-tomorrow-506223 | title=Kerala is all set to vote and elect 20 Lok Sabha members tomorrow | agency=Press Trust of India | date=9 April 2014 | publisher=NDTV | access-date=22 April 2014 | archive-date=20 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420220958/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/kerala-is-all-set-to-vote-and-elect-20-lok-sabha-members-tomorrow-506223 | url-status=live }}</ref>
| align=center|2
| align=center|2
|-
| [[Socialist Janata (Democratic)|Socialist Janata]]<ref name="INC-Allies-Kerala"/>
| align=center|1
| align=center|0
|-
| [[Kerala Congress (M)]]<ref name="INC-Allies-Kerala"/>
| align=center|1
| align=center|1
|-
| [[Bodoland People's Front]]<ref name="INC-BPF">{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090307/jsp/northeast/story_10635606.jsp | title=Congress gives BPF Kokrajhar | date=6 March 2014 | work=The Telegraph | access-date=9 May 2014 | location=Kolkata | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224125/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090307/jsp/northeast/story_10635606.jsp | archive-date=12 May 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| align=center|1
| align=center|0
|-
![[United Progressive Alliance]] !! 538 !! 59
|}

In March, the INC, RJD and NCP announced that they would jointly contest in Bihar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/Bl1nEiOgKkPPWKmgdGfobI/Lalu-Prasad-says-deal-sealed-with-Congress-announcement-exp.html |title=RJD, Congress, NCP announce alliance in Bihar |publisher=Livemint |date=5 March 2014 |access-date=14 March 2014 |archive-date=7 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307065401/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/Bl1nEiOgKkPPWKmgdGfobI/Lalu-Prasad-says-deal-sealed-with-Congress-announcement-exp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The INC contested 12 seats, NCP fought on 1 seat and the RJD, being a regional party, would seek the rest of 27 seats.

====Indian National Congress====
The [[Indian National Congress]] had announced, on the fourth anniversary of the second [[United Progressive Alliance]] government, that its campaign for the election would be led by incumbent Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]], INC chairperson [[Sonia Gandhi]] and general secretary [[Rahul Gandhi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/india/39501414_1_congress-vice-president-2014-elections-rahul-Gandhi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226065107/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/india/39501414_1_congress-vice-president-2014-elections-rahul-gandhi |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 December 2013 |title=Congress trident to spearhead 2014 campaign |date= 24 May 2013|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=31 July 2013}}</ref> Rahul Gandhi was appointed to head a six-member committee to formulate and implement alliances, the party manifesto and general publicity for the election.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pradhan |first=Bibhudatta |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-16/rahul-gandhi-to-lead-congress-campaign-for-2014-india-elections.html |title=Rahul Gandhi to Lead Congress Campaign for 2014 India Polls |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |date=16 November 2012 |access-date=31 July 2013 |archive-date=29 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229183536/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-16/rahul-gandhi-to-lead-congress-campaign-for-2014-india-elections.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In response to sagging opinion poll numbers for the general election, the INC sought to fast-track a decision on [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|separating Telangana from Andhra Pradesh]], create a coalition government with the [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] and the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] in Jharkhand, sought to take credit for the [[Food Security Bill]] and passing Land Acquisition Bill.<ref name="julypolls">{{cite news |first=Sanjay |last=Singh |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/election-survey-congress-will-lose-heavily-but-the-bjp-is-not-winning-either-995181.html |title=Election survey: Congress will lose heavily but the BJP is not winning either |work=Firstpost |access-date=31 July 2013 |archive-date=8 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908231600/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/election-survey-congress-will-lose-heavily-but-the-bjp-is-not-winning-either-995181.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Prime Minister candidate
Incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that he would not return to his role should the INC get a majority or plurality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/01/speculation-over-priyanka-political-foray-20141865133145343.html |title=Speculation over Priyanka's political foray |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=10 January 2014 |archive-date=9 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109223848/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/01/speculation-over-priyanka-political-foray-20141865133145343.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Rahul Gandhi told ''[[Dainik Bhaskar]]'' that he was "ready to take charge" of any responsibility the party gave him and he added that: "My focus for India is a long term vision, where all Indians are treated with equality, respect and are given equal opportunities."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/01/rahul-gandhi-ready-take-charge-2014114662131923.html |title=Rahul Gandhi 'ready to take charge' |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=25 February 2014 |archive-date=24 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224133128/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/01/rahul-gandhi-ready-take-charge-2014114662131923.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At the party meeting it was decided not to name a prime ministerial candidate amid fears it would turn the election into a presidential one. This was criticised by the BJP. Sonia Gandhi would instead lead the party's campaign.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/01/india-rahul-gandhi-lead-poll-campaign-2014116195641613141.html |title=India's Rahul Gandhi to lead poll campaign – Asia |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=25 February 2014 |archive-date=2 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202084515/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/01/india-rahul-gandhi-lead-poll-campaign-2014116195641613141.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He also called the election a turning point.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/congress-meet-live-combative-rahul-gandhi-calls-2014-a-turning-point-but-rules-out-being-congress-pm-candidate/ |title=Congress meet Live: Combative Rahul Gandhi calls 2014 a turning point, but rules out being Congress PM candidate |work=The Indian Express |date=17 January 2014 |access-date=25 February 2014 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221093851/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/congress-meet-live-combative-rahul-gandhi-calls-2014-a-turning-point-but-rules-out-being-congress-pm-candidate/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sonia Gandhi then said that the party will face upcoming challenges and the election with a "lot of determination;" she added that the election would be a battle for India. "Divisive forces are stretching social fabric to breaking point. Opposition's way is to spread disharmony. There's a face hidden behind the mask of compassion."<ref>{{cite web |author=Agencies |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-17/news/46301584_1_congress-president-sonia-gandhi-rahul-gandhi-crucial-bills |title=2014 elections will be a battle for India: Sonia Gandhi |work=The Economic Times |date=17 January 2014 |access-date=25 February 2014 |archive-date=2 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202095353/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-17/news/46301584_1_congress-president-sonia-gandhi-rahul-gandhi-crucial-bills |url-status=dead }}</ref>
;Rahul Gandhi
In January, in an interview, Gandhi admitted that some Congress members may have been involved in the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]] and further stated that Modi's government was responsible for pushing the [[2002 Gujarat violence|2002 riots]] while the Congress government in 1984 tried to stop the anti Sikh riots.<ref name="agrginterview">{{cite news|title=Rahul Gandhi says some Congressmen probably involved in 1984 riots|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-27/india/46683685_1_2002-gujarat-riots-rahul-gandhi-sikh-riots|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140129065444/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-27/india/46683685_1_2002-gujarat-riots-rahul-gandhi-sikh-riots|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2014|date=27 January 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|location=New Delhi|access-date=29 January 2014}}</ref> [[Praful Patel]], a fellow UPA member said that the 2002 matter should be put to rest.<ref name="puttorest">{{cite news|title=NCP going soft on Narendra Modi? Praful Patel wants 2002 riots matter put to rest|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ncp-going-soft-on-narendra-modi-praful-patel-wants-2002-riots-matter-put-to-rest/articleshow/29548294.cms|date=29 January 2014|work=The Economic Times|location=Delhi|access-date=29 January 2014|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009192557/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ncp-going-soft-on-narendra-modi-praful-patel-wants-2002-riots-matter-put-to-rest/articleshow/29548294.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> As Gandhi was reported to have sought an early declaration of the party's candidates, the INC was scheduled to hold its first meeting of the central election committee on 13 February to finalise all their candidates by the end of the month. Similarly, the screening committees for several unnamed part of the country had already occurred so as to shortlist the candidates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-congress-1st-meeting-of-central-poll-committee-likely-on-thursday-1960460 |title=Congress' 1st meeting of central poll committee likely on Thursday |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=9 February 2014 |access-date=25 February 2014 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222060027/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-congress-1st-meeting-of-central-poll-committee-likely-on-thursday-1960460 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 8 March, its list of 194 candidates was announced, including 35% of candidates that were below the age of 50 years.<ref name=toik>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/congresss-first-list-for-ls-polls-rahul-sonia-nilekani-among-194-candidates-named/articleshow/31682561.cms|title=Congress's first list for LS polls: Rahul, Sonia, Nilekani among 194 candidates named|date=8 March 2014|access-date=8 March 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|agency=Press Trust of India|archive-date=9 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309055617/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Congresss-first-list-for-LS-polls-Rahul-Sonia-Nilekani-among-194-candidates-named/articleshow/31682561.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The INC was reported to be concerned by the possibility of a reduced mandate in Gandhi's seat of [[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)]] amidst an unusual challenge by his high-profile competitor, the BJP's Smriti Irani. It even led to his mother, [[Sonia Gandhi|Sonia]], campaigning there for the first time in 10 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/election-beat/is-congress-worried-for-rahul-in-amethi/article1-1210970.aspx |title=Is Congress worried for Rahul Gandhi in Amethi? |work=Hindustan Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422151956/http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/election-beat/is-congress-worried-for-rahul-in-amethi/article1-1210970.aspx |archive-date=22 April 2014 }}</ref>

;Opinion polls
The INC dismissed the opinion polls pointing to a NDA plurality as misleading and partisan.<ref name="guardsingh">{{cite web |first=Jason |last=Burke |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/26/india-opposition-bjp-leader-rajnath-singh-deep-economic-reforms |title=Bharatiya Janata party leader predicts landslide win in Indian elections |work=The Guardian |date=26 March 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327234218/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/26/india-opposition-bjp-leader-rajnath-singh-deep-economic-reforms |url-status=live }}</ref> In its manifesto the party promised "[[inclusive growth]]" and that it would initiate a raft of welfare schemes, including a right to healthcare for all and pensions for the aged and disabled.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-26743975 |title=India's Congress party manifesto pledges 'growth for all' |publisher=BBC |date=26 March 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330010251/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-26743975 |url-status=live }}</ref> Manmohan Singh, Sonia and Rahul Gandhi's INC campaigning included scheduled stops in Odisha<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-manmohan-singh-sonia-gandhi-and-rahul-gandhi-to-campaign-in-odisha-1972973 |title=Manmohan Singh, Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi to campaign in Odisha |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=22 October 2013 |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=31 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331102309/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-manmohan-singh-sonia-gandhi-and-rahul-gandhi-to-campaign-in-odisha-1972973 |url-status=live }}</ref> and, on 20 April, in Maharashtra prior to the third phase.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/mumbai-sonia-gandhi-to-address-rally-on-april-20-501140 |title=Mumbai: Sonia Gandhi to address rally on April 20 |publisher=NDTV.com |date=27 March 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330234500/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/mumbai-sonia-gandhi-to-address-rally-on-april-20-501140 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rahul Gandhi claimed in a rally in Chhattisgarh that Modi would "divide the nation into pieces, and make people fight against each other."<ref name="wpost"/>
;Media
During the election, former prime ministerial aide [[Sanjaya Baru]] published "[[The Accidental Prime Minister]]: The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh" in which he criticised Singh as not being fully in charge of his government, and having to compete with the [[Nehru–Gandhi family|dynastic Congress leader]], [[Sonia Gandhi]], for influence within his own cabinet. Singh's office retorted in saying it is "smacks of fiction and coloured views of a former adviser."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/04/new-book-says-indian-pm-was-never-charge-2014413121142179407.html |title=New book says Indian PM was 'never in charge' – Central & South Asia |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=13 April 2014 |archive-date=15 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415072631/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/04/new-book-says-indian-pm-was-never-charge-2014413121142179407.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After Baru said "it is no secret that Sonia Gandhi was the super prime minister," [[Priyanka Gandhi]] replied "I think Manmohan Singh ji is the super PM."<ref>{{cite web |author=+ val.created_at + |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/manmohan-singh-is-the-super-pm-priyanka-gandhi-on-row-over-sanjaya-baru-s-comments-508822 |title=Manmohan Singh is the super PM: Priyanka Gandhi on row over Sanjaya Baru's comments |publisher=NDTV.com |date=15 April 2014 |access-date=15 April 2014 |archive-date=16 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416180308/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/manmohan-singh-is-the-super-pm-priyanka-gandhi-on-row-over-sanjaya-baru-s-comments-508822 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Others====
;Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
Minister for New and Renewable Energy and [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] chairman [[Farooq Abdullah]], controversially, told a rally in Srinagar that in regards to Modi becoming prime minister "if it happens then Kashmir will not remain a part of India. I say it publicly. Kashmiris will not accept a communal person". He added before going to a scheduled rally in [[Magam]] that "those who vote for Modi should drown themselves in sea".<ref name="kashattack">{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/04/india-minister-says-kashmir-will-reject-bjp-2014427131257653802.html |title=India minister says Kashmir will reject BJP – Central & South Asia |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=27 April 2014 |archive-date=27 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027012143/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/04/india-minister-says-kashmir-will-reject-bjp-2014427131257653802.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Nationalist Congress Party
Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) was in alliance with the INC in the states of Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand and Maharashtra.<ref name="INC-NCP-Goa"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Home/Lok-Sabha-Elections-2014/News/NCP-will-back-Rahul-as-PM-Sule/articleshow/33250391.cms |title=NCP will back Rahul as PM: Sule |work=The Times of India |date=5 April 2014 |access-date=5 April 2014 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407013745/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/NCP-will-back-Rahul-as-PM-Sule/articleshow/33250391.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/elections/news/Trinamool-Leading-in-West-Bengal-BJP-in-Bihar-Opinion-Poll/2014/03/31/article2142107.ece |title=Trinamool Leading in West Bengal, BJP in Bihar: Opinion Poll |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 March 2014 |access-date=5 April 2014 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407151117/http://www.newindianexpress.com/elections/news/Trinamool-Leading-in-West-Bengal-BJP-in-Bihar-Opinion-Poll/2014/03/31/article2142107.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref>

;Rashtriya Janata Dal
[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] leader Lalu Prasad Yadav said of the BJP's ruling chances that "Modi and Advani can never become the prime minister in their lifetime. Secular forces in this country would never allow the saffron outfit to come to power". In relation to the INC's Rahul Gandhi he said that Gandhi wants to bring change to the country; he added in relation to Digvijay Singh that he was a "good man".<ref name="india2">{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/modi-advani-can-never-become-pm-lalu_865016.html |title=Modi, Advani can never become PM: Lalu |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |date=28 July 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |archive-date=17 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017125542/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/modi-advani-can-never-become-pm-lalu_865016.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] (JMM) contested polls in alliance with INC and RJD in [[Jharkhand]].<ref name=jmm>{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/analysis/jharkhand-can-congress-jmm-stop-bjp_921139.html|title=Jharkhand- Can Congress-JMM stop BJP?|first=Tarun|last=Khanna|access-date=6 April 2014|date=3 April 2014|work=Zee News|archive-date=11 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411094937/http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/analysis/jharkhand-can-congress-jmm-stop-bjp_921139.html|url-status=live}}</ref> JMM and INC contested in four and ten seats each, respectively. JMM leader [[Shibu Soren]] will run from [[Dumka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dumka]], while the other three party's seats could come from Rajmahal, Giridih and the purpose-built city of Jamshedpur.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ranchi/lok-sabha-elections-jmm-announces-candidates-sibu-soren--to-fight-from-dumka/article1-1194087.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312183256/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ranchi/lok-sabha-elections-jmm-announces-candidates-sibu-soren--to-fight-from-dumka/article1-1194087.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 March 2014 |title=Lok Sabha elections: JMM announces candidates, Sibu Soren to fight from Dumka |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 March 2014}}</ref>

===Left parties===
{{further|List of Communist Party of India (Marxist) candidates in the 2014 Indian general election}}

;Communist Party of India (Marxist) and Communist Party of India
The [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] declared their campaign slogan as "Reject Congress, Defeat BJP."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/india/20140313/2356846.html |title=CPI(M) will work with slogan 'Reject Congress, Defeat BJP' |publisher=News.webindia123.com |date=13 March 2014 |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=8 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408102731/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/india/20140313/2356846.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 3 April, the party published its fourth list of candidates for a total of 94 candidates.<ref name="4th">{{cite web |url=http://news.oneindia.in/india/cpim-releases-list-of-six-more-ls-candidates-lse-1423869.html |title=CPI-M releases list of six more LS candidates |publisher=Oneindia |date=3 April 2014 |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407083254/http://news.oneindia.in/india/cpim-releases-list-of-six-more-ls-candidates-lse-1423869.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In West Bengal, CPI (M) contested as part of the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]. 32 out of the 42 Left Front candidates in West Bengal came from the CPI (M), while 20 of its candidates were running for the first time.<ref name="pdwb"/> In Kerala, the CPI (M) contested as a constituent of the [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]]. In the list of the 15 CPI (M) candidates in Kerala released in mid-March, four were incumbent ''Lok Sabha'' members and five others were independents.{{clarify|date=April 2014}}<ref name="ke1">{{cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Abantika |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/didi-delays-second-list-calls-off-haryana-rally/ |title=Didi delays second list, calls off Haryana rally |work=The Indian Express |date=14 March 2014 |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=21 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321084930/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/didi-delays-second-list-calls-off-haryana-rally/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ke2">{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cpi-m-shortlists-independent-candidates-in-kerala-for-lok-sabha-polls-1969019 |title=CPI-M shortlists independent candidates in Kerala for Lok Sabha polls |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=13 March 2014 |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=16 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316160242/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cpi-m-shortlists-independent-candidates-in-kerala-for-lok-sabha-polls-1969019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Kollam seat was allocated to [[M. A. Baby]] after the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] left the LDF and joined the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]].<ref name="k2">{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/latest-news/cpi-m-in-kerala-finalises-list-of-candidates-144333.html |title=CPI-M in Kerala finalises list of candidates |publisher=Mathrubhumi.com |date=13 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315220451/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/latest-news/cpi-m-in-kerala-finalises-list-of-candidates-144333.html |archive-date=15 March 2014 }}</ref>

In Assam, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Odisha and Tamil Nadu, the CPI (M) made an electoral pact with the CPI and other left parties.{{which|date=April 2014}}<ref name="a2">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/CPI-CPM-to-field-joint-candidates-in-Assam/articleshow/32061971.cms |title=CPI, CPM to field joint candidates in Assam |language=ru |work=The Times of India |date=15 March 2014 |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=19 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319215740/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/CPI-CPM-to-field-joint-candidates-in-Assam/articleshow/32061971.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ha1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140311/haryana.htm |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Haryana |work=The Tribune |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=15 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415023246/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140311/haryana.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hp1">{{cite web |first=Kanwar |last=Yogendra |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/cpim-cpi-to-jointly-campaign-for-lf-candidates-in-himachal/article5784802.ece |title=CPI(M), CPI to jointly campaign for LF candidates in Himachal |work=The Hindu |date=14 March 2014 |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=15 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315231130/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/cpim-cpi-to-jointly-campaign-for-lf-candidates-in-himachal/article5784802.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="j1">{{cite web |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/cpi-m-to-field-candidates-from-ranchi-rajmahal.html |title=CPI (M) to field candidates from Ranchi, Rajmahal |work=The Pioneer |location=India |date=11 March 2014 |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=15 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315234411/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/cpi-m-to-field-candidates-from-ranchi-rajmahal.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/left-parties-to-contest-in-five-constituencies/article5754052.ece |title=Left parties to contest in five constituencies |work=The Hindu |date=6 March 2014 |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=17 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417083201/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/left-parties-to-contest-in-five-constituencies/article5754052.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="o1">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/seatsharing-between-cpim-cpi-finalised/article5783657.ece |title=Seat-sharing between CPI(M), CPI finalised |work=The Hindu |date=14 March 2014 |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=16 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316012737/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/seatsharing-between-cpim-cpi-finalised/article5783657.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="tn1">{{cite web |author=S. Vijay Kumar |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/cpim-cpi-to-contest-nine-seats-each-in-tamil-nadu/article5785081.ece |title=CPI, CPI(M) to contest 9 seats each in Tamil Nadu |work=The Hindu |date=14 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319004035/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/cpim-cpi-to-contest-nine-seats-each-in-tamil-nadu/article5785081.ece |archive-date=19 March 2014 }}</ref> In Andhra Pradesh, however, no agreement could be reached between the CPI (M) and the CPI due to differences on the Telangana issue; CPI (M) opposed bifurcation, while the CPI supported creating Telangana.<ref>{{cite web |first=Sandeep |last=Dikshit |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cpi-names-60-candidates-in-first-list/article5767573.ece |title=CPI names 60 candidates in first list |work=The Hindu |date=9 March 2014 |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=9 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309203641/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cpi-names-60-candidates-in-first-list/article5767573.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> In Telangana region, CPI contested one seat (in alliance with Indian National Congress<ref name="INC-CPI-Telangana">{{cite web | url=http://cpim.org/elections-2014/election-issues/electoral-battle-telangana | title=The Electoral Battle in Telangana | work=CPI(M) | access-date=9 May 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516110209/http://cpim.org/elections-2014/election-issues/electoral-battle-telangana | archive-date=16 May 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>), while CPI (M) contested two seats.

=== Other parties ===

;Aam Aadmi Party
The [[Aam Aadmi Party]] (AAP), formed in 2012, contested 432 seats and won 4 seats.<ref name="ET_2014_plan">{{cite news | url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-05-25/news/50083718_1_arvind-kejriwal-kejirwal-yogendra-yadav | title = Arvind Kejriwal's AAP needs a future plan; fatigue sets in for party's small-time drama | date = 25 May 2014 | newspaper = The Economic Times | access-date = 31 May 2014 | archive-date = 11 September 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140911124954/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-05-25/news/50083718_1_arvind-kejriwal-kejirwal-yogendra-yadav | url-status = dead }}</ref> The party's manifesto focused on anti-corruption measures.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.livemint.com/Politics/r29Cb229HLHxD8TMFRAu0N/Arvind-Kejriwal-releases-AAP-manifesto.html | title = Kejriwal releases AAP manifesto, focuses on corruption, education | date = 3 April 2014 | newspaper = LiveMint | access-date = 31 May 2014 | archive-date = 7 May 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140507161624/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/r29Cb229HLHxD8TMFRAu0N/Arvind-Kejriwal-releases-AAP-manifesto.html | url-status = live }}</ref> Earlier in 2013, the party had made an impressive electoral debut by winning the second highest number of seats in the [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Legislative Assembly elections]]. After forming a short-lived [[minority government]] in Delhi, AAP was seen as a major challenger to the other political parties.<ref>{{cite web |first=Seema |last=Chishti |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/12/common-man-party-captures-indian-imagination-201312964443715635.html |title=Common Man's Party captures Indian imagination – Opinion |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=10 January 2014 |archive-date=12 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212183430/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/12/common-man-party-captures-indian-imagination-201312964443715635.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the party lost deposits on 413 seats,<ref name="ET_2014_plan"/> surpassing the record of [[Doordarshi Party]], which had lost deposit on 321 seats in 1991.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.afternoondc.in/notes-from-new-delhi/aaps-world-record/article_110268 | title = AAP's world record | date = 19 May 2014 | newspaper = [[Afternoon (newspaper)|Afternoon Despatch & Courier]] | access-date = 31 May 2014 | archive-date = 4 July 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140704182342/http://afternoondc.in/notes-from-new-delhi/aaps-world-record/article_110268 | url-status = live }}</ref> AAP's leader [[Arvind Kejriwal]] unsuccessfully contested against the BJP's prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi from [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]].<ref name="ECI">{{cite web |url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS2477.htm |title=Election Result |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014 |archive-date=18 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518055454/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS2477.htm?ac=77 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its spokesperson [[Prashant Bhushan]] argued that AAP's national debut performance was better than that of the winning party BJP in its first national elections in 1984.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.rediff.com/news/report/ls-election-aap-fared-better-than-the-bjp-did-on-its-ls-debut/20140517.htm | title = AAP fared better than the BJP did on its LS debut | date = 17 May 2014 | work = [[Rediff.com]] | access-date = 31 May 2014 | archive-date = 28 May 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140528014751/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/ls-election-aap-fared-better-than-the-bjp-did-on-its-ls-debut/20140517.htm | url-status = live }}</ref>

;All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
The [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) opted not to join any alliance and contested all seats in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and the union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] on its own.<ref name="AIADMKSep">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/aiadmkleft-alliance-collapses/article5754340.ece | title=AIADMK-Left alliance collapses | work=news | date=6 March 2014 | access-date=18 March 2014 | archive-date=17 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417101108/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/aiadmkleft-alliance-collapses/article5754340.ece | url-status=live }}</ref> Party General Secretary [[J. Jayalalithaa]] told a March rally that she would modernise the armed forces by enhancing their capabilities so that they were on par with the superpowers. In saying so, she criticised the UPA's governance, including its economic, diplomatic, and defence policies, adding that the modernisation of the armed forces was hindered by the steady curtailment of its funding.<ref>{{cite web |author=S. Vijay Kumar |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jayalalithaa-vows-to-modernise-armed-forces/article5746760.ece |title=Jayalalithaa vows to modernise armed forces |work=The Hindu |date=3 March 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |archive-date=8 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408093349/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jayalalithaa-vows-to-modernise-armed-forces/article5746760.ece? |url-status=live }}</ref> The party won an unprecedented 37 out of the 40 parliamentary constituencies it contested and emerged as the third-largest party in the [[16th Lok Sabha]] of the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]]. It was a massive victory that no other regional political party had ever achieved in the history of general elections.

;All India Forward Bloc
{{further|List of All India Forward Bloc candidates in the 2014 Indian general election}}
On 21 March, the [[All India Forward Bloc]] released its first list of candidates that covered 38 seats in West Bengal, Maharashtra, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Jharkhand, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Odisha, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Delhi. According to the party's Secretary [[Debabrata Biswas (politician)|Debabrata Biswas]] the main objective of the party was "to strengthen and unite the Left, democratic and secular forces to achieve an alternative policy for reconstruction of the country."<ref name="b">{{cite web |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/forward-bloc-announces-first-list-38-ls-candidates-114032100923_1.html |title=Forward Bloc announces first list 38 LS candidates |work=Business Standard |date=21 March 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=22 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322182215/http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/forward-bloc-announces-first-list-38-ls-candidates-114032100923_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="s">{{cite web |url=http://www.thestatesman.net/news/45684-fb-releases-first-list.html |title=FB releases first list |work=The Statesman |date=22 March 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322183027/http://www.thestatesman.net/news/45684-fb-releases-first-list.html |archive-date=22 March 2014 }}</ref> In West Bengal the party contested the election as part of the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]].<ref name="pdwb">{{cite web |url=http://pd.cpim.org/2014/0309_pd/03092014_ci2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315172226/http://pd.cpim.org/2014/0309_pd/03092014_ci2.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 March 2014 |title=9 March 2014 |publisher=Pd.cpim.org |date=9 March 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 }}</ref> To defend the two West Bengal seats that it won in 2009, the party decided to field incumbent MP [[Narahari Mahato]] in the [[Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purulia seat]] and a new candidate in the [[Cooch Behar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cooch Behar seat]].<ref name="b"/>

;Bahujan Samaj Party
On 19 March, [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP) leader [[Mayawati]] declared that the party would contest the election on its own and fielded candidates in all 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh. Mayawati was confident that the BSP would seek a mandate to form a government with support of secular parties.<ref>{{cite web |first=Aqib |last=Iqbal |url=http://upelectionresult.in/mayawati-up-election-2017/ |title=What Mayawati Said On 2014 Will it Effect Up Election 2017 |work=Up Election 2017 |access-date=21 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223043125/http://upelectionresult.in/mayawati-up-election-2017/ |archive-date=23 February 2017 }}</ref> The party secured the third highest vote share in the Country and yet did not win a single seat.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Saurabh|first1=Mishra|title=BSP gets third highest vote share, but no seats|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/bsp-gets-third-highest-vote-share-but-no-seats/|website=The Indian Express|date=17 May 2014|access-date=29 October 2016|archive-date=29 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029114440/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/bsp-gets-third-highest-vote-share-but-no-seats/|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
At a press conference held on 10 March, General Secretary of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|party]] [[Dipankar Bhattacharya]] said his party would field 85 candidates in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jharkhand and Puducherry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-03-10/news/48084074_1_cpi-left-parties-third-front |title=Will put up candidates in 85 seats for LS polls: CPI(ML) |work=The Economic Times |date=10 March 2014 |access-date=21 March 2014 |archive-date=15 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315173540/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-03-10/news/48084074_1_cpi-left-parties-third-front |url-status=dead }}</ref>

;Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) opted not to join an UPA pre-poll alliance and contested all seats in Tamil Nadu with its own regional alliance. Party leader Karunanidhi announced Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA) with local parties like VCK, MMK, IUML and Puthiya Tamizhagam. DMK was not able to secure even a single seat throughout the country.

;Janata Dal (United)
The media speculated that Modi still had a chance of gaining in Bihar at the expense of Nitish Kumar's [[Janata Dal (United)|Janata Dal]]. Whilst the BJP were in coalition with JD(U), Modi was not allowed to speak at rallies in the party by mutual understanding and was only allowed for special events such as a funeral or party conclave, even Modi's flood relief aid to Bihar was termed communal. Bihar was seen as test case for Modi's popularity if the BJP could increase its tally at the expense of the JD(U). There was also speculation that [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] could make a relative comeback after the [[2010 Bihar legislative assembly election|2010 provincial election]] if he is not convicted over the [[fodder scam]]. It also suggested that this would be an eager race as it could determine if Kumar's decision to leave the NDA in June 2013 was prudent and if he has any national political scope left; while for Modi it would give crucial seats to the BJP and be able to attract potential allies as Bihar is largely based on [[caste]] politics.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sanjay |last=Singh |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/why-nitish-isnt-in-the-clear-yet-modi-factor-still-to-play-out-in-bihar-979289.html |title=Why Nitish isn't in the clear yet: Modi factor still to play out in Bihar |work=Firstpost |access-date=31 July 2013 |archive-date=17 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817225509/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/why-nitish-isnt-in-the-clear-yet-modi-factor-still-to-play-out-in-bihar-979289.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/339119/nda-camp-left-almost-empty.html|title=NDA camp left almost empty as JD-U leaves|work=Deccan Herald|date=16 June 2013|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=15 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515022715/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/339119/nda-camp-left-almost-empty.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2014, Kumar referred to Gandhi's stand against corruption as a "farce" after hearing of a meeting between Gandhi and RJD chief Lalu Prasad Yadav despite Yadav being out on bail, after being convicted in the fodder scam. He termed their alliance as "natural" and stated that them coming together was no surprise.<ref name="nikufarce">{{cite news |title=Rahul's stand on corruption a farce, says Nitish |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rahuls-stand-on-corruption-a-farce-says-nitish/article5626768.ece |first=Rahi |last=Gaikwad |date=28 January 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Patna |access-date=29 January 2014 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201020707/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rahuls-stand-on-corruption-a-farce-says-nitish/article5626768.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
;All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
[[Asaduddin Owaisi]] announced 5 candidates from the [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|All India Majlis-e-Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen]] (AIMIM) participated in various parliamentary constituencies of Telangana State.
Asaduddin Owaisi - [[Hyderabad Lok Sabha constituency|Hyderabad]]
Narla Mohan Rao - [[Secunderabad Lok Sabha constituency|Secunderabad]]
Divakar Dharanikota Sudhakar - [[Malkajgiri Lok Sabha constituency|Malkajgiri]]
P.V.N. Reddy - [[Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency|Nandyal]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] (from 2014 onwards)
Guahati Mothilal - [[Bhongir Lok Sabha constituency|Bhongir]]

;Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
The [[Raj Thackeray]]-led [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] (MNS) announced its first list of seven candidates. Six of them contested against candidates of Shiv Sena. The party, however, also supported Modi's prime ministerial candidature. The move read as an implicit acceptance of the BJP's Nitin Gadkari's call not to contest against the NDA and to support its own candidates.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news|url=http://m.firstpost.com/politics/mns-to-contest-polls-supports-modi-and-declares-war-against-sena-1426091.html|title=MNS to contest polls, supports Modi and declares war against Sena|date=9 April 2014|access-date=4 September 2014|work=First Post|agency=Press Trust of India|archive-date=20 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020110718/http://m.firstpost.com/politics/mns-to-contest-polls-supports-modi-and-declares-war-against-sena-1426091.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Nav Bharat Democratic Party
Nav Bharat Democratic stepped into the political arena with 9 candidates spread across Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. The party was established by RK Misra.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-takes-pledge-We-will-vote/articleshow/33376362.cms |title=Lucknow takes pledge: We will vote |first=Shefali |last=Mehrotra |agency=TNN |date=9 April 2014 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=30 April 2014 |archive-date=12 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412224613/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-takes-pledge-We-will-vote/articleshow/33376362.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Samajwadi Party
Samajwadi Party president [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] claimed that the Third Front government will be formed in the center with the help of his party.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.abplive.in/india/2014/04/01/article287481.ece/Third-Front-government-at-Centre-after-polls-Mulayam-Singh | title=Third Front government at Centre after polls: Mulayam Singh | agency=Press Trust of India | date=1 April 2014 | access-date=2 April 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407082911/http://www.abplive.in/india/2014/04/01/article287481.ece/Third-Front-government-at-Centre-after-polls-Mulayam-Singh | archive-date=7 April 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> To counter the "Modi-effect" on other constituencies near Varanasi, Yadav decided to contest from Azamgarh and Mainpuri.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/mulayam-to-contest-from-azamgarh-to-counter-modi-effect/article5800678.ece | title=Mulayam to contest from Azamgarh to counter 'Modi effect' | first=Atiq | last=Khan | date=18 March 2014 | work=The Hindu | access-date=2 April 2014 | archive-date=25 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325052702/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/mulayam-to-contest-from-azamgarh-to-counter-modi-effect/article5800678.ece | url-status=live }}</ref> The party decided not to field any candidates against the INC's Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi from Rai Bariely and Amethi, respectively, in response to the INC's decision not to field any candidates against Mulayam Singh Yadav and Dimple Yadav from Mainpuri and Kannauj, respectively.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-the-samajwadi-party-sp-indicates-no-candidates-against-sonia-rahul-gandhi-in-lok-sabha-polls-1968353 | title=The Samajwadi Party (SP) indicates no candidates against Sonia, Rahul Gandhi in Lok Sabha polls | work=DNA India | date=10 March 2014 | agency=Press Trust of India | access-date=2 April 2014 | archive-date=30 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330051847/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-the-samajwadi-party-sp-indicates-no-candidates-against-sonia-rahul-gandhi-in-lok-sabha-polls-1968353 | url-status=live }}</ref>

;Sikkim Democratic Front
On 10 March, the [[Sikkim Democratic Front]] declared that its incumbent MP, [[Prem Das Rai]], would run for re-election. The party also released a list of 32 candidates for the [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]] that will be held simultaneously with the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140312/jsp/siliguri/story_18070737.jsp |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171009192434/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1140312/jsp/siliguri/story_18070737.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 October 2017 |title=SDF names candidates |work=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota |date=12 March 2014|access-date=31 March 2014}}</ref>

;All India Trinamool Congress
[[All India Trinamool Congress]] leader [[Mamata Banerjee]] declared that the party would contest all 42 seats in West Bengal by itself, making this the first occurrence of the party contesting a general election in West Bengal without an alliance with either of the two largest parties, BJP and INC.<ref>{{cite web |author=Shiv Sahay Singh |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mamatas-audacious-move/article5801975.ece?topicpage=true&topicId=1683 |title=Mamata's audacious move |work=The Hindu |date=1 January 1998 |access-date=21 March 2014 |archive-date=19 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319030944/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mamatas-audacious-move/article5801975.ece?topicpage=true&topicId=1683 |url-status=live }}</ref> Banerjee told a rally in [[Cooch Behar district]], near the international border with Bangladesh, that she would take up the issue of the [[Indo-Bangladesh enclaves|border enclaves]] upon ascertaining the views of the local people living in the adversely possessed areas. She further noted that she had opposed the central government's agreement in 2011 over the [[Teesta River|Teesta treaty]] of water-sharing between the two countries on the grounds of receding waters affecting drinking water availability.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/mamata-banerjee-rakes-up-border-enclave-issue-teesta-water-sharing-507756?election_lhs |title=Mamata Banerjee rakes up border enclave issue, Teesta water-sharing |publisher=NDTV.com |access-date=12 April 2014 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413033426/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/mamata-banerjee-rakes-up-border-enclave-issue-teesta-water-sharing-507756?election_lhs |url-status=live }}</ref>

;YSR Congress Party
[[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy]]'s [[YSR Congress Party]] fielded candidates across [[Andhra Pradesh]] (Rayalaseema & Coastal Andhra) and some districts of Telangana.<ref name="y1">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Will-ally-with-whoever-forms-government-at-Centre-Jagan-says/articleshow/32222337.cms |title=Will ally with whoever forms government at Centre, Jagan says |work=The Times of India |date=18 March 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=22 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322072137/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Will-ally-with-whoever-forms-government-at-Centre-Jagan-says/articleshow/32222337.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The party fielded several bureaucrats, businessmen and relatives of politicians for Lok Sabha seats in [[Andhra Pradesh]] (Rayalaseema & Coastal Andhra), including D. Kishore Rao, the former secretary of the Gujarat Human Rights Commission.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140318/nation-politics/article/businessmen-and-bureaucrats-top-ysrcs-parliamentary-candidates-list |title=Businessmen and Bureaucrats top YSRC's parliamentary candidates list |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=18 March 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=21 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321184019/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140318/nation-politics/article/businessmen-and-bureaucrats-top-ysrcs-parliamentary-candidates-list |url-status=live }}</ref> In a statement in March, Reddy stated that he would ally himself with whoever would win the election.<ref name="y1"/>

==Surveys and polls==
===Opinion polls===
{{main|Opinion polling for the 2014 Indian general election}}
Opinion polls generally showed the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) to be the front runner in the election with the emergence of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) as the single largest party.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;line-height:20px;"
|-
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" width="100px"| When conducted
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" width="10px"| Ref
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" width="180px"| Polling organisation/agency
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" width="140px"| Sample size
| bgcolor={{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} |
| bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}} |
| style="background:red;"|
| style="background:violet;"|
|-
! class="wikitable" width="90px"| [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
! class="wikitable" width="90px"| [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
! class="wikitable" width="70px"| [[Left Front (West Bengal)|LF]]
! class="wikitable" width="70px"| [[List of political parties in India|Other]]
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! Jan–Mar 2013
! <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2014-Lok-Sabha-polls-Big-losses-to-UPA-no-gain-for-NDA-survey-finds/articleshow/19588387.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420145129/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-17/india/38614880_1_ysr-congress-trinamool-congress-160-seats|url-status=live|archive-date=20 April 2013|title=2014 Lok Sabha polls: Big losses to UPA, no gain for NDA, survey finds|date=17 April 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=11 June 2013}}</ref>
! [[Times Now]]-CVoter
! No sample size provided
| 128
| style="background:#F4C430;"| '''184'''
| –
| –
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! Apr–May 2013
! <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/narendra-modi-2014-lok-sabha-polls-headlines-today-c-voter-survey-nda-trump-card-india-today-163917-2013-05-20 |title=Narendra Modi is NDA's trump card for 2014 Lok Sabha polls, reveals Headlines Today C-Voter survey |work=India Today |date=21 May 2013 |access-date=31 July 2013 |archive-date=25 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725175158/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/narendra-modi-2014-lok-sabha-polls-headlines-today-c-voter-survey-nda-trump-card-india-today/1/272341.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
! [[Headlines Today]]-CVoter
! 120,000
| 209 (without Modi) 155(with Modi)
| style="background:#F4C430;"| '''179'''(without Modi) '''220 '''(with Modi)
| –
| –
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! May 2013
! <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=UPA set for a crushing defeat:Survey |url=http://www.newsbullet.in/india/34-more/42023-upa-set-for-a-crushing-defeatsurvey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608091807/http://www.newsbullet.in/india/34-more/42023-upa-set-for-a-crushing-defeatsurvey |archive-date=8 June 2013 |access-date=20 May 2025 |website=www.newsbullet.in}}</ref>
! [[ABP News]]-Nielsen
! 33,408
| 136
| style="background:#F4C430;"| '''206'''
| –
| –
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! Jul 2013
! <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/lok-sabha-polls-2014-narendra-modi-top-choice-for-pm-beats-rahul-gandhi-says-survey/1137756/ |title=Lok Sabha polls 2014: Narendra Modi top choice for PM, beats Rahul Gandhi, says survey |work=The Indian Express |date=4 July 2013 |access-date=31 July 2013 |archive-date=22 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722205626/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/lok-sabha-polls-2014-narendra-modi-top-choice-for-pm-beats-rahul-gandhi-says-survey/1137756 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! [[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] – Hansa Research
! No sample size provided
| 184
| style="background:#F4C430;"| '''197'''
| –
| 162
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! Jul 2013
! <ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/poll-tracker-nda-to-win-172180-seats-upa-149157-others-147155/409672-37-64.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728124028/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/poll-tracker-nda-to-win-172180-seats-upa-149157-others-147155/409672-37-64.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 July 2013|title=Poll tracker|date=26 July 2013|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|access-date=26 July 2013}}</ref>
! [[CNN-IBN]] and [[The Hindu]] by CSDS
! 19,062<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/note-on-methodology/article4941444.ece|title=Survey Methodology|date=22 July 2013|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=25 July 2013|location=Chennai, India|archive-date=26 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726143049/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/note-on-methodology/article4941444.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 149–157
| 172–180
| –
|style="background:#8F00FF;"|208–224
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! Jul 2013
! <ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/poll-survey-projects-nda-making-significant-gains/articleshow/21465407.cms|title=2014 Poll survey projects NDA making significant gains|date=29 July 2013|work=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=29 July 2013|archive-date=23 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223070644/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/poll-survey-projects-nda-making-significant-gains/articleshow/21465407.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
! [[Times Now]]-[[India Today]]-CVoter
! 36,914
| 134 (INC 119)
|style="background:#F4C430;"| '''156 (BJP 131)'''
| –
| –
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! Aug–Oct 2013
! <ref name="Aug–Oct 2013-Times Now">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.outlookindia.com/default.aspx?ddm=10&pid=3061&eid=31 |title=Congress 102, BJP 162; UPA 117, NDA 186: C-Voter Poll |work=Outlook |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016180408/http://blogs.outlookindia.com/default.aspx?ddm=10&pid=3061&eid=31 |archive-date=16 October 2013 }}</ref>
! [[Times Now]]-[[India TV]]-CVoter
! 24,284
| 117 (INC 102)
| 186 (BJP 162)
| –
|style="background:#8F00FF;"|240
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! Dec 2013 – Jan 2014
! <ref name="Dec 2013 – Jan 2014-India Today-CVoter">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/nda-may-win-over-200-seats-as-modis-popularity-soars-further-india-today-mood-of-the-nation-opinion-poll-178073-2014-01-23 |title=NDA may win over 200 seats as Modi's popularity soars further: India Today Mood of the Nation opinion poll : North, News |work=India Today |access-date=23 January 2013 |archive-date=23 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123205959/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/nda-may-win-over-200-seats-as-modis-popularity-soars-further-india-today-mood-of-the-nation-opinion-poll/1/339374.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
! [[India Today]]-CVoter
! 21,792
| 103 (INC 91)
| 212 (BJP 188)
| –
|style="background:#8F00FF;"|228
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! Dec 2013 – Jan 2014
! <ref name="ABPDecJan14">{{cite web |url=http://www.abplive.in/incoming/2014/01/25/article254065.ece/ABP-News-nationwide-opinion-poll-NDA-clear-winner-with-226-UPA-stuck-at-101 |title=ABP News nationwide opinion poll: NDA clear winner with 226, UPA stuck at 101 |publisher=Abpnews |accessdate=25 January 2013 |archive-date=29 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129005403/http://www.abplive.in/incoming/2014/01/25/article254065.ece/ABP-News-nationwide-opinion-poll-NDA-clear-winner-with-226-UPA-stuck-at-101 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! [[ABP News]]-[[ACNielsen|Nielsen]]
! 64,006<ref name="ABPFeb14">{{cite web |url=http://www.abplive.in/india/2014/02/22/article267206.ece/Modi-led-NDA-way-ahead-than-UPA-to-win-236-seats-in-LS-polls-2014-ABP-News-Nielsen-Opinion-Poll |title=Modi-led NDA way ahead than UPA, to win 236 seats in LS polls 2014: ABP News-Nielsen Opinion Poll |publisher=Abp news |date=22 February 2014 |accessdate=22 February 2014 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413144024/http://www.abplive.in/india/2014/02/22/article267206.ece/Modi-led-NDA-way-ahead-than-UPA-to-win-236-seats-in-LS-polls-2014-ABP-News-Nielsen-Opinion-Poll |url-status=live }}</ref>
| 101 (INC 81)
|style="background:#F4C430;"| '''226 (BJP 210)'''
| –
| 216
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! Jan 2014
! <ref name="IBNJan14">{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/poll-tracker-nda-to-get-211231-upa-distant-second-with-107127/447602-37-64.html |title=Poll tracker: NDA to get 211-231, UPA distant second with 107-127 |publisher=CNN-IBN |accessdate=24 January 2013 |archive-date=26 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126045954/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/poll-tracker-nda-to-get-211231-upa-distant-second-with-107127/447602-37-64.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! [[CNN-IBN]]-Lokniti-[[CSDS]]
! 18,591<ref name="Lokniti">{{cite web |url=http://www.lokniti.org/tracker-poll-round-2.php |title=Methodology of Lokniti-IBN Tracker Round II |publisher=Lokniti |accessdate=24 January 2013 |archive-date=29 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129082536/http://www.lokniti.org/tracker-poll-round-2.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 107 – 127 (INC 92 – 108)
|style="background:#F4C430;"| '''211 – 231 (BJP 192 – 210)'''
| –
| 205
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! Jan–Feb 2014
! <ref name="Jan-Feb 2014-Times Now">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/india-tv-c-voter-projection-big-gains-for-bjp-in-up-bihar-nda--14864.html |title=India TV-C Voter projection: Big gains for BJP in UP, Bihar; NDA may be 45 short of magic mark |publisher=Indiatv |access-date=13 February 2013 |archive-date=14 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214093509/http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/india-tv-c-voter-projection-big-gains-for-bjp-in-up-bihar-nda--14864.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
! [[Times Now]]-[[India TV]]-CVoter
! 14,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesnow.tv/videoshow/4447993.cms |title=#WhoWillFormGovt: National Poll Projection – 1 |publisher=Timesnow |access-date=13 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222141747/http://www.timesnow.tv/videoshow/4447993.cms |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 101 (INC 89)
|style="background:#F4C430;"| '''227 (BJP 202)'''
| –
| 215
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! Feb 2014
! <ref name="ABPFeb14"/>
! [[ABP News]]-[[ACNielsen|Nielsen]]
! 29,000
| 92
|style="background:#F4C430;"| '''236'''
| 29
| 186
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! Feb 2014
! <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/poll-tracker-nda-close-to-halfway-mark-with-212232-needs-more-allies/456309-37-64.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307083928/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/poll-tracker-nda-close-to-halfway-mark-with-212232-needs-more-allies/456309-37-64.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 March 2014|title= NDA close to halfway mark with 212–232, needs more allies |publisher= CNN-IBN |date= 7 March 2014|access-date= 7 March 2014}}</ref>
! [[CNN-IBN]]-Lokniti-[[CSDS]]
! 29,000
| 119 – 139 (INC 94 – 110)
|style="background:#F4C430;"| '''212 – 232 (BJP 193 – 213)'''
| Colspan=2| 105–193
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! March 2014
! <ref name="ndtv1">{{cite web |url= http://www.ndtv.com/elections/live-blog/show/the-final-word-india-s-biggest-opinion-poll-495290 |title= The Final Word – India's biggest opinion poll |publisher= NDTV |date= 14 March 2014 |access-date= 14 March 2014 |archive-date= 24 March 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140324224624/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/live-blog/show/the-final-word-india-s-biggest-opinion-poll-495290 |url-status= live }}</ref>
! [[NDTV]]- [[Hansa Research]]
! 46,571
| 128
|style="background:#F4C430;"| '''230'''
| 55
| 130
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! March 2014
! <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/national-tracker-modipowered-nda-may-get-234246-seats-upa-111123/462610-81.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090806/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/national-tracker-modipowered-nda-may-get-234246-seats-upa-111123/462610-81.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2014|title= Modi-powered NDA may get 234–246 seats, UPA 111–123 |publisher= CNN-IBN |date= 4 April 2014|access-date= 4 April 2014}}</ref>
! [[CNN-IBN]]-Lokniti-[[CSDS]]
! 20,957
| 111–123
|style="background:#F4C430;"| '''234–246 '''
| Colspan=2| 174–198
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! April 2014
! <ref name="ndtv2">{{cite web |url= http://www.ndtv.com/elections/live-blog/show/ndtv-s-opinion-poll-latest-all-india-forecast-508454 |title= The Final Word – India's biggest opinion poll |publisher= NDTV |date= 14 April 2014 |access-date= 15 April 2014 |archive-date= 16 April 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183125/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/live-blog/show/ndtv-s-opinion-poll-latest-all-india-forecast-508454 |url-status= live }}</ref>
! [[NDTV]]- [[Hansa Research]]
! 24,000<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ndtv.com/elections/live-blog/show/ndtv-s-opinion-poll-latest-all-india-forecast-508454?q_id=1 |title= The Final Word – India's biggest opinion poll |publisher= NDTV |date= 14 April 2014 |access-date= 15 April 2014 |archive-date= 16 April 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183129/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/live-blog/show/ndtv-s-opinion-poll-latest-all-india-forecast-508454?q_id=1 |url-status= live }}</ref>
| 111 (INC 92)
|style="background:#F4C430;"| '''275 (BJP 226)'''
| Colspan=2| 157
|}

===Exit polls===
The Election Commission of India banned the publication of all [[exit poll]]s starting 48 hours before Phase 1 of the election until the end of Phase 9. This was intended to prevent exit polls from earlier phases affecting voter decisions in later phases. The ban ended after the close of Phase 9 voting at 6:30pm IST on 12 May 2014.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/highlights/story/exit-polls-results-only-after-6-30-pm-on-may-12-election-commission-192512-2014-05-11 Exit polls results only after 6.30 PM on 12 May: Election Commission] ''India Today''</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;line-height:20px;"
|-
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" width="100px"| When conducted
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" width="10px"| Ref
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" width="180px"| Polling organisation/agency
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" width="140px"| Constituencies polled
| bgcolor={{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} |
| bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}} |
| style="background:red;"|
| style="background:violet;"|
|-
! class="wikitable" width="90px"| [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
! class="wikitable" width="90px"| [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
! class="wikitable" width="70px"| [[Left Front (West Bengal)|LF]]
! class="wikitable" width="70px"| [[List of political parties in India|Other]]
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! April/May 2014 (post-poll)
! <ref name="csds_post">{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/postpoll-survey-modiled-nda-may-get-270282-seats-upa-92102/471398-37-64.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515010726/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/postpoll-survey-modiled-nda-may-get-270282-seats-upa-92102/471398-37-64.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 May 2014 |title=Post-poll survey: Modi-led NDA may get 270–282 seats, UPA 92–102 |publisher= CNN-IBN |date= 12 May 2014|access-date= 12 May 2014}}</ref>
! [[CNN-IBN]]-Lokniti-[[CSDS]]
! 287<ref name=thbusi12May>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/politics/what-exit-polls-are-really-about/article6002044.ece What exit polls are really about?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617062852/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/politics/what-exit-polls-are-really-about/article6002044.ece |date=17 June 2014 }} ''Business Line''</ref>
| 92–102 (INC 72–82)
|style="background:#F4C430;"| '''270–282 (BJP 230–242)'''
| Colspan=2| 125–171
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! April/May 2014 (exit+post-poll)
! <ref name="ExitPollSummary">[https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/lok-sabha-elections-2014-national-post-poll-2014-192645-2014-05-12 Lok Sabha Exit Polls] ''India Today''</ref>
! [[India Today]] – Cicero
! 543<ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in">[https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/lok-sabha-elections-2014-national-post-poll-2014-192645-2014-05-12 India Today Group-Cicero post-poll result: Modi set to be India's next PM] ''India Today''</ref>
| 110–120
|style="background:#F4C430;"| '''261–283'''
| Colspan=2| 150–162
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! April/May 2014 (exit+post-poll)
! <ref name="ExitPollSummary"/><ref name="Lok Sabha 2014 - Exit Poll">[http://www.todayschanakya.com/loksabha_result_2014.html Lok Sabha 2014 – Exit Poll] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515001150/http://www.todayschanakya.com/loksabha_result_2014.html |date=15 May 2014 }} Today's Chanakya</ref>
! [[News 24 (India)|News 24]]-Today's Chanakya
! 479<ref>[http://www.todayschanakya.com/images/loksabha_elections_2014.pdf Methodology – 2014 General Elections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515062055/http://www.todayschanakya.com/images/loksabha_elections_2014.pdf |date=15 May 2014 }}, TODAY'S CHANAKYA</ref>
| 61–79 {{nowrap|(INC 48–66)}}
|style="background:#F4C430;"| '''326–354 {{nowrap|(BJP 277–305)}}'''
| Colspan=2| 122–144
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;line-height:20px;"
|-
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" width="150px"| Publish Date
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" width="30px"| Ref
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" width="250px"| Polling Organisation
| bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}} |
| bgcolor={{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} |
| style="background:grey;"|
|-
! class="wikitable" width="120px"| [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
! class="wikitable" width="120px"| [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
! class="wikitable" width="90px"| [[List of political parties in India|Other]]
|- class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" | 12 May 2014
|<ref name="ExitPollSummary"/>
| [[CNN-IBN]] – CSDS – Lokniti
| bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}} |'''276'''
| 97
| 148
|-
|<ref name="ExitPollSummary"/><ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in"/>
| [[India Today]] – Cicero
| bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}} |'''272'''
| 115
|
156
|-
|<ref name="ExitPollSummary"/><ref name="Lok Sabha 2014 - Exit Poll"/>
| [[News 24 (India)|News 24]] – Chanakya
| bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}} |340
| 70
| 133
|-
|<ref name="ExitPollSummary"/>
| [[Times Now]] – ORG
| bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}} |'''249'''
| 148
| 146
|-
|<ref name="ExitPollSummary"/><ref>[http://www.abplive.in/india/2014/05/12/article311808.ece/ABP-NEWS---NIELSEN-EXIT-POLL-2014 ABP NEWS – NIELSEN EXIT POLL 2014] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515114349/http://www.abplive.in/india/2014/05/12/article311808.ece/ABP-NEWS---NIELSEN-EXIT-POLL-2014 |date=15 May 2014 }} ABP News</ref>
| [[ABP News]] – [[ACNielsen|Nielsen]]
| bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}} |'''274'''
| 97
| 165
|-
|<ref name="ExitPollSummary"/>
| [[India TV]] – [[CVoter]]
| bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}} |'''289'''
| 101
| 148
|-
! rowspan="2" | 14 May 2014
|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/lok-sabha-exit-and-post-poll-methodology-524084 |title=Lok Sabha Exit and Post Poll – Methodology |publisher=NDTV India |date=14 May 2014 |access-date=15 May 2014 |archive-date=14 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514221507/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/lok-sabha-exit-and-post-poll-methodology-524084 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/live-blog/show/battleground-2014-524253 |title=Watch NDTV Exit Poll: BJP and Allies Cross Half-Way Mark, Congress in Double Digits |publisher=NDTV India |date=14 May 2014 |access-date=15 May 2014 |archive-date=15 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515032433/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/live-blog/show/battleground-2014-524253 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[NDTV]] – Hansa Research
| bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}} |'''279'''
| 103
| 161
|-
|<ref name=cnnibncsds>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140516060443/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/postpoll-survey-modi-propels-bjpled-nda-to-power-with-274286-seats/471865-81.html Post-poll survey: Modi propels BJP-led NDA to power with 274–286 seats], CNN-IBN</ref>
| [[CNN-IBN]] – CSDS
| bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}} |'''280'''
| 97
| 148
|-
! 12 May 2014
!<ref name="ExitPollSummary"/>
! Poll of Polls
| bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}} |'''283'''
! 105
! 149
|}

==Controversies==
{{further|Campaigning in the 2014 Indian general election#Controversies}}
During the course of the campaign, several controversies arose with parties being accused by one another and the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) of violating [[Election Commission of India's Model Code of Conduct]] that is in force during the election. The ECI was itself criticised for bias practices when it raided the BJP's Varanasi office, where [[Narendra Modi]] was the BJP candidate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/election-commission-up-police-raid-bjp-office-in-varanasi/articleshow/34980038.cms|title=Election Commission, UP police raid BJP office in Varanasi|work=The Economic Times |date=11 May 2014 |publisher=Economic Times|access-date=25 May 2014}}</ref>

In the run-up to the election, the [[media in India]] was criticised for its establishment ties between family owners and political parties. It caused self-censorship and editorial dismissals at certain media outlets.<ref>{{cite web|first=Sevanti|last=Ninan|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/11/india-media-20131119151238287298.html|title='Managing' India's media|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=25 December 2013|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225191612/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/11/india-media-20131119151238287298.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[India Today]]'' temporarily suspended its [[CVoter]] opinion poll in late February after a News Express sting operation suggesting Polling Agencies like Ipsos and CVoter fudged the numbers to show BJP candidate Narendra Modi in the lead.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/india-today-suspends-c-voter-after-sting-alleged-it-fixed-opinion-polls-1408579.html |title=India Today suspends C-voter after sting alleged it fixed opinion polls |work=Firstpost |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924132234/http://www.firstpost.com/india/india-today-suspends-c-voter-after-sting-alleged-it-fixed-opinion-polls-1408579.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Voting==
In total there were 1.4 million [[Indian voting machines|electronic voting machine]]s in 930,000 voting centres. The [[voter-verified paper audit trail]] (VVPAT) system which enables EVM to record each vote cast by generating the EVM slip, was introduced in 8 constituencies of [[Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lucknow]], [[Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gandhinagar]], [[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]], [[Chennai Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai Central]], [[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]], [[Raipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raipur]], [[Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patna Sahib]] and [[Mizoram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mizoram]] as a pilot project.<ref>{{cite web |first=Kanchan |last=Srivastava |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-evm-paper-trail-introduced-in-8-of-543-constituencies-1982463 |title=EVM-paper trail introduced in 8 of 543 constituencies & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=27 April 2014 |access-date=3 May 2014 |archive-date=3 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503101057/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-evm-paper-trail-introduced-in-8-of-543-constituencies-1982463 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/ls-polls-voters-to-get-automated-receipts-at-gandhinagar-114042901134_1.html |title=LS polls: Voters to get 'automated-receipts' at Gandhinagar |work=Business Standard |date=29 April 2014 |access-date=3 May 2014 |archive-date=3 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503114206/http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/ls-polls-voters-to-get-automated-receipts-at-gandhinagar-114042901134_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/400077/vvpat-causes-confusion-minor-delays.html |title=VVPAT causes confusion, minor delays |work=Deccan Herald |date=17 April 2014 |access-date=4 May 2014 |archive-date=5 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505003451/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/400077/vvpat-causes-confusion-minor-delays.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="VVPATIndiaElections2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-vvpat-a-revolutionary-step-in-voting-transparency-1982453|title=VVPAT, a revolutionary step in voting transparency|publisher=DNA|date=27 April 2014|access-date=3 May 2014|archive-date=3 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503100943/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-vvpat-a-revolutionary-step-in-voting-transparency-1982453|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Patna-Sahib-electorate-can-see-who-they-voted-for/articleshow/33351551.cms |title=Patna Sahib electorate can see who they voted for |work=The Times of India |date=7 April 2014 |access-date=3 May 2014 |archive-date=12 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412121840/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Patna-Sahib-electorate-can-see-who-they-voted-for/articleshow/33351551.cms? |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/EVM-slip-will-help-verify-your-vote/articleshow/34304320.cms |title=EVM slip will help verify your vote |work=The Times of India |date=28 April 2014 |access-date=3 May 2014 |archive-date=1 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501061208/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/EVM-slip-will-help-verify-your-vote/articleshow/34304320.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/400-EVMs-on-standby-for-Patna-Sahib-Pataliputra/articleshow/33836327.cms |title=400 EVMs on standby for Patna Sahib, Pataliputra |work=The Times of India |date=17 April 2014 |access-date=3 May 2014 |archive-date=18 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418090413/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/400-EVMs-on-standby-for-Patna-Sahib-Pataliputra/articleshow/33836327.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/VVPAT-to-Debut-in-B%E2%80%99lore-South/2014/04/04/article2148837.ece |title=VVPAT to Debut in B'lore South |work=The New Indian Express |date=4 April 2014 |access-date=3 May 2014 |archive-date=3 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503102256/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/VVPAT-to-Debut-in-B%E2%80%99lore-South/2014/04/04/article2148837.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Also, [[Braille]] ballot sheets for the blind were arranged at polling stations. The scale of the election required 1.1 million of civil servants and 5.5 million civilian employees to handle the election. It was the first election that had the "[[none of the above]]" option and allowed [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Non-Resident Indians]] to vote; though only in India.<ref name="wpost"/> Security was increased during the election, particularly as the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]] (CPI (Maoist)) called for a boycott of the election.<ref name="aljaz3">{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/04/third-round-voting-begins-india-201441044516573257.html |title=India votes in third phase of elections |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-date=12 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412001344/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/04/third-round-voting-begins-india-201441044516573257.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 12 April, even though there was no voting this day, a vehicle in Chhattisgarh hit a CPI (Maoist) landmine resulting in the deaths of two bus drivers and five election officials, with four more injured, while travelling from Kutru to Bijapur in preparation for the fifth phase of voting. On the same day, within an hour, they also ambushed a vehicle resulting in the deaths of five paramilitary soldiers in the Darbha forest.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/12/maoist-rebels-kill-india|title=Maoist rebels kill 12 in India|work=The Guardian|date=12 April 2014|access-date=14 December 2016|archive-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305031421/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/12/maoist-rebels-kill-india|url-status=live}}</ref> The election was the longest and the most expensive general election in the history of the country, with the Election Commission of India estimating that the election did cost the exchequer {{INR}} 3500 crore ({{USD}}577 million), excluding the expenses incurred for security and by the individual political parties.<ref>{{cite news|title=Polls to cost country Rs 3,500 crore this year|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Polls-to-cost-country-Rs-3500-crore-this-year/articleshow/30587202.cms|access-date=9 May 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|date=18 February 2014|archive-date=15 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315005155/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Polls-to-cost-country-Rs-3500-crore-this-year/articleshow/30587202.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Parties were expected to spend {{INR}} 30,500 crore ({{USD}}5 billion) in the election, according to the Centre for Media Studies. This was three times the amount spent in the previous election in 2009, and was then the world's second highest after the {{USD}}7 billion spent on the [[2012 United States presidential election|2012 US presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/india-s-spend-on-elections-could-challenge-us-record-report-493685|title=India's spend on elections could challenge US record: report|publisher=NDTV.com|date=10 March 2014|access-date=14 March 2014|archive-date=10 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310172244/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/india-s-spend-on-elections-could-challenge-us-record-report-493685|url-status=live}}</ref>

The election reportedly boosted the hospitality sector as, according to [[ASSOCHAM]], tourist arrivals from the countries such as the US, UK, France, Singapore and the U.A.E. have gone up by 10–15 per cent, while the movement of domestic tourists jumped by 62%.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lok Sabha elections triggers massive Boom in Tourism Sector|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/lok-sabha-elections-triggers-massive-boom-in-tourism-sector/|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=10 April 2014|archive-date=12 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412001346/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/lok-sabha-elections-triggers-massive-boom-in-tourism-sector/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Turnout===
Based on data from Election Commission India<ref>{{cite web|title=Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election – 2014|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|work=Election Commission of India|year=2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606003137/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|archive-date=6 June 2014}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
! State/UT
! Total Electors
! Total Voters
! Total Turnout
! Total seats

|-
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands (UT) || 269,360 || 190,328 || 70.66% || 1
|-
| Andhra Pradesh || 64,938,750 || 48,358,545 || 74.47% || 42
|-
| Arunachal Pradesh || 759,387 || 596,956 || 78.61% || 2
|-
| Assam || 18,885,274 || 15,085,883 || 79.88% || 14
|-
| Bihar || 63,761,796 || 35,885,366 || 56.28% || 40
|-
| Chandigarh (UT) || 615,214 || 453,455 || 73.71% || 1
|-
| Chhattisgarh || 17,623,049 || 12,255,579 || 69.54% || 11
|-
| Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT) || 196,617 || 165,286 || 84.06% || 1
|-
|Daman & Diu (UT) || 111,827 || 87,233 || 78.01% || 1
|-
| Goa || 1,060,777 || 817,000 || 77.02% || 2
|-
| Gujarat || 40,603,104 || 25,824,003 || 63.60% || 26
|-
| Haryana || 16,097,749 || 11,495,150 || 71.41% || 10
|-
| Himachal Pradesh || 4,810,071 || 3,098,501 || 64.42% || 4
|-
| Jammu & Kashmir || 7,202,163 || 3,566,863 || 49.52% || 6
|-
| Jharkhand || 20,326,743 || 12,982,940 || 63.87% || 14
|-
| Karnataka || 46,212,109 || 31,038,888 || 67.17% || 28
|-
| Kerala || 24,326,649 || 17,975,893 || 73.89% || 20
|-
| Lakshadweep (UT) || 49,922 || 43,239 || 86.61% || 1
|-
| Madhya Pradesh || 48,118,040 || 29,639,796 || 61.60% || 29
|-
| Maharashtra || 80,717,283 || 48,718,844 || 60.36% || 48
|-
| Manipur || 1,774,325 || 1,412,637 || 79.62% || 2
|-
| Meghalaya || 1,567,241 || 1,078,058 || 68.79% || 2
|-
| Mizoram || 702,170 || 433,201 || 61.69% || 1
|-
| Nagaland || 1,182,948 || 1,038,910 || 87.82% || 1
|-
| NCT OF Delhi || 12,711,236 || 8,271,766 || 65.07% || 7
|-
| Orissa || 29,196,041 || 21,532,275 || 73.75% || 21
|-
| Puducherry (UT)|| 901,357 || 740,017 || 82.10% || 1
|-
| Punjab || 19,608,008 || 13,845,132 || 70.61% || 13
|-
| Rajasthan || 42,969,447 || 27,110,044 || 63.09% || 25
|-
| Sikkim || 370,611 || 308,967 || 83.37% || 1
|-
| Tamil Nadu || 55,114,505 || 40,620,440 || 73.70% || 39
|-
| Tripura || 2,388,819 || 2,023,859 || 84.72% || 2
|-
| Uttar Pradesh || 138,965,820 || 81,092,302 || 58.35% || 80
|-
| Uttarakhand || 7,129,939 || 4,391,890 || 61.66% || 5
|-
| West Bengal || 62,833,128 || 51,622,555 || 82.16% || 42
|-
| '''India''' || '''834,082,814''' || '''554,175,255''' || '''66.44%''' || '''543'''
|}
*'''Phase 1: 7 April'''
Turnout was 75% in Assam and 84% in Tripura.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/state-of-the-states/brisk-voting-in-assam-tripura-in-first-of-9-phase-lok-sabha-polls/article1-1205113.aspx |title=LS elections kick off with polling in Assam, Tripura |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 April 2014 |access-date=10 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410041802/http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/state-of-the-states/brisk-voting-in-assam-tripura-in-first-of-9-phase-lok-sabha-polls/article1-1205113.aspx |archive-date=10 April 2014 }}</ref> Assam's INC Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi said that "there is no Narendra Modi magic in Assam. The Congress has been winning every form of elections since 2001 in Assam, and we are going to repeat the performance this time." Additionally, the borders with Bangladesh and Bhutan were closed for security reasons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/04/voting-first-phase-india-polls-ends-201447152057435643.html |title=Voting for first phase of India polls ends – Central & South Asia |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=17 April 2014 |archive-date=9 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409141808/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/04/voting-first-phase-india-polls-ends-201447152057435643.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

*'''Phase 2: 9 and 11 April'''
The turnouts were recorded at 82.5% in [[Nagaland]], 71% in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], 66% in [[Meghalaya]] and 70% in [[Manipur]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Marina |first=Sandra |url=http://news.oneindia.in/guwahati/updates-first-phase-lok-sabha-election-2014-assam-tripura-lse-1425891.html |title=Elections Phase 2: Northeast registers high turnout, peaceful polling once again |publisher=Oneindia |date=7 April 2014 |access-date=13 April 2014 |archive-date=8 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408031928/http://news.oneindia.in/guwahati/updates-first-phase-lok-sabha-election-2014-assam-tripura-lse-1425891.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/the-big-story/second-phase-of-lok-sabha-elections-begins-four-northeast-states-vote-for-six-seats/article1-1205941.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409072100/http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/the-big-story/second-phase-of-lok-sabha-elections-begins-four-northeast-states-vote-for-six-seats/article1-1205941.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 April 2014 |title=Huge turnout in Lok Sabha polls in 4 northeast states |work=Hindustan Times |date=9 April 2014}}</ref> [[Mizoram]]'s voting was deferred to 11 April,<ref name="Mizoram">{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/EC-defers-Mizoram-poll-date-on-Bru-voters-issue/articleshow/33433740.cms | title=EC defers Mizoram poll date on Bru voters issue | agency=Press Trust of India | date=8 April 2014 | work=The Times of India | access-date=8 April 2014 | archive-date=8 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408065710/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/EC-defers-Mizoram-poll-date-on-Bru-voters-issue/articleshow/33433740.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> where the turnout was 60%.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://post.jagran.com/lok-sabha-elections-60-percent-voter-turnout-in-mizoram-1397184509 |title=Lok Sabha elections: 60 percent voter turnout in Mizoram |work=Jagran Post |date=12 April 2014 |access-date=13 April 2014 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413093931/http://post.jagran.com/lok-sabha-elections-60-percent-voter-turnout-in-mizoram-1397184509 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

*'''Phase 3: 10 April'''
About 110 million of people were eligible to vote for 91 seats. The turnout was 76% in Kerala, 64% in Delhi, 55.98% in Madhya Pradesh, 54.13% in Maharashtra, 65% in Uttar Pradesh and 66.29% in Jammu.<ref name="aljaz3"/> Kerala and Chandigarh set new voter turnout records. A higher proportion of eligible electors voted in 2014 than in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/election2014-placeholder/live-lok-sabha-elections-voting-for-91-seats-in-third-phase-begins/article1-1206370.aspx |title=Kerala sees maximum voter turnout at 76% |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411084559/http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/election2014-placeholder/live-lok-sabha-elections-voting-for-91-seats-in-third-phase-begins/article1-1206370.aspx |archive-date=11 April 2014 }}</ref>

*'''Phase 4: 12 April'''
Voter turnout set new records or were near record levels with 75% in Goa, 75% in Assam, 81.8% in Tripura and 80.97%<ref name=vt>{{cite web|url=http://ceosikkim.nic.in/Files/GENERAL%20ELECTION%202014/VOTER%20TURNOUT%202014/AC%20WISE%20VOTER%20TURN%20OUT.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513020821/http://ceosikkim.nic.in/Files/GENERAL%20ELECTION%202014/VOTER%20TURNOUT%202014/AC%20WISE%20VOTER%20TURN%20OUT.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2014 |work=Chief Election Officer, Sikkim |title=Sikkim Legislative Assembly election 2014 voter turnout |date=April 2014 |access-date=13 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in [[Sikkim]] (including the [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ls-polls-moderate-voter-turnout-in-assam-tripura-and-sikkim-till-3-pm/464472-81.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413144644/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ls-polls-moderate-voter-turnout-in-assam-tripura-and-sikkim-till-3-pm/464472-81.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 April 2014 |title=High Voter Turnout in Phase 4 |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=12 April 2014}}</ref> West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee nearly cancelled the polls in her region after initially refusing to changes to the appointments of civil service departments, but was forced to constitutionally do so.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/asia/week-long-time-indian-politics-0 |title=A week is a long time in Indian politics – Al Jazeera Blogs |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=14 April 2014 |access-date=17 April 2014 |archive-date=17 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417130129/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/asia/week-long-time-indian-politics-0 |url-status=live }}</ref>

*'''Phase 5: 17 April'''
The largest voting day involved nearly 200 million eligible voters,<ref name="aljaz5"/> 1,769 candidates for 121 seat. The voting turnout in Uttar Pradesh was 62%, West Bengal was 80%, over 70% in Odisha, 69% in Jammu and Kashmir, 54% in Madhya Pradesh and 62% in Jharkhand.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/general-elections-2014-live-%E2%80%93-voting-begins-in-12-states-for-contest-on-121-seats_925092.html |title=Lok Sabha Elections – 5th phase: As it happened |access-date=17 April 2014 |archive-date=20 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420052843/http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/general-elections-2014-live-%E2%80%93-voting-begins-in-12-states-for-contest-on-121-seats_925092.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Manipur had 74%<ref name="aljaz5"/> and Maharashtra had a 61.7% turnout.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/maharashtra-2014-lok-sabha-polls-polling-supriya-sule-189343-2014-04-17 |title=Maharashtra records 61.7 per cent voter turnout : Elections, News |work=India Today |date=17 April 2014 |access-date=17 April 2014 |archive-date=18 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418022429/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/maharashtra-2014-lok-sabha-polls-polling-supriya-sule/1/356165.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In Karnataka, the average voting was up on 65% against 58% in the previous election, though urban voters were lower.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/highlights/story/lok-sabha-polls-voting-121-constituencies-12-states-nandan-nilekani-maneka-gandhi-h-d-deve-gowda-misa-bharti-189322-2014-04-17 |title=India votes in large numbers in Phase 5 of Lok Sabha elections : Highlights, News |work=India Today |date=17 April 2014 |access-date=17 April 2014 |archive-date=17 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417180138/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/lok-sabha-polls-voting-121-constituencies-12-states-nandan-nilekani-maneka-gandhi-h-d-deve-gowda-misa-bharti/1/356130.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Aravind |last=Gowda |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/karnataka-low-turnout-in-key-seats-leaves-candidates-jittery-1485239.html |title=Karnataka: Low turnout in key seats leaves candidates jittery |work=Firstpost |access-date=17 April 2014 |archive-date=18 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418030656/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/karnataka-low-turnout-in-key-seats-leaves-candidates-jittery-1485239.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In Chhattisgarh, the voter turnout was 63.44% compared to 57.6% in 2009, while Rajasthan recorded a 63.25% voter turnout, compared to 48.09% in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Shubham |url=http://news.oneindia.in/bangalore/updates-5th-phase-of-lok-sabha-election-2014-april17-lse-1431507.html |title=Impressive turnout: Odisha records 70% voter turnout, WB 82% – News Oneindia |publisher=Oneindia |date=18 April 2014 |access-date=17 April 2014 |archive-date=17 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417140103/http://news.oneindia.in/bangalore/updates-5th-phase-of-lok-sabha-election-2014-april17-lse-1431507.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In Bihar's seven constituencies, the turnout was 56%, compared to 39% in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/High-voter-turnout-witnessed-in-121-constituencies/articleshow/33871462.cms |title=High voter turnout witnessed in 121 constituencies |work=The Times of India |date=17 April 2014 |access-date=17 April 2014 |archive-date=18 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418080850/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/High-voter-turnout-witnessed-in-121-constituencies/articleshow/33871462.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In one of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir, Udhampur, the turnout of 70% was significantly higher than the 2009 figure of 45%.<ref name=htimes0417/> Overall across India, the turnout on the day was over 65%<ref name="aljaz5">{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/04/voting-begins-india-biggest-polling-day-201441732146693243.html |title=India holds biggest day of voting – Central & South Asia |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=17 April 2014 |archive-date=17 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417155606/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/04/voting-begins-india-biggest-polling-day-201441732146693243.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and nearly all constituencies had a higher voter turnout than 2009.<ref name=htimes0417>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/the-big-story/voting-begins-121-constituencies-12-states-195-million-voters-in-5th-phase/article1-1209013.aspx |title=Phase 5: Voter turnouts higher than 2009 poll figures |work=Hindustan Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417234023/http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/the-big-story/voting-begins-121-constituencies-12-states-195-million-voters-in-5th-phase/article1-1209013.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2014 }}</ref>

*'''Phase 6: 24 April'''
The second largest voting day entailed 180 million eligible voters across 201,735 voting centres to elect 117 members of parliament from 2,098 candidates.<ref name=intoday2404>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/highlights/story/bjp-says-modi-tsunami-60-per-cent-voting-in-6th-phase-modi-tsunami-190323-2014-04-24 |title=Lok Sabha elections: 60 per cent polling 6th phase, BJP says it's 'Modi tsunami' : Highlights, News |work=India Today |date=24 April 2014 |access-date=25 April 2014 |archive-date=25 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425064436/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bjp-says-modi-tsunami-60-per-cent-voting-in-6th-phase-modi-tsunami/1/357401.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Tamil Nadu set a new voter turnout record for Lok Sabha elections with 73%, while West Bengal experienced the highest voter turnout for the day at 82%.<ref>{{cite web |author=+ val.created_at + |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/cheat-sheet/voter-turnout-in-bengal-tamil-nadu-crosses-70-per-cent-10-facts-513426 |title=Voter turnout in Bengal, Tamil Nadu crosses 70 per cent: 10 facts |publisher=NDTV.com |date=24 April 2014 |access-date=25 April 2014 |archive-date=25 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425060751/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/cheat-sheet/voter-turnout-in-bengal-tamil-nadu-crosses-70-per-cent-10-facts-513426 |url-status=live }}</ref> As compared to that, urban centres such as Mumbai and Chennai saw lower voter turnouts, but bettered their figures from previous years. Mumbai witnessed a 53% turnout, compared to 41% in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |author=+ val.created_at + |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/53-per-cent-voter-turnout-in-mumbai-12-per-cent-higher-than-2009-513279 |title=53 per cent voter turnout in Mumbai, 12 per cent higher than 2009 |publisher=NDTV.com |date=24 April 2014 |access-date=25 April 2014 |archive-date=25 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425040405/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/53-per-cent-voter-turnout-in-mumbai-12-per-cent-higher-than-2009-513279 |url-status=live }}</ref> The rural areas of Maharashtra saw over 60% turnout, Madhya Pradesh had 64%, Uttar Pradesh had over 60%, Chhattisgarh had about 66%, Assam had over 70%,<ref name="ht24"/> Bihar has about 60%, Jharkhand had 63.4%, Rajasthan had about 60% and Pudhucherry had about 82%.<ref name=intoday2404/><ref>{{cite news |last=Verma |first=Gyan |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/zIaJRWuCQhPmc9mkxWHcXI/Lok-Sabha-polls-High-turnout-in-Tamil-Nadu-Maharashtra-yet.html |title=Lok Sabha elections: Sixth phase sees heavy polling across states |publisher=Livemint |date=24 April 2014 |access-date=25 April 2014 |archive-date=25 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425071918/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/zIaJRWuCQhPmc9mkxWHcXI/Lok-Sabha-polls-High-turnout-in-Tamil-Nadu-Maharashtra-yet.html |url-status=live }}</ref> One of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir, Anantnag, had the lowest turnout of 28%, after a boycott call by separatists,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Poll-boycott-electoral-loyalty-go-hand-in-hand-in-JKs-Anantnag/articleshow/34166770.cms |title=Poll boycott, electoral loyalty go hand in hand in J&K's Anantnag |work=The Times of India |date=24 April 2014 |access-date=26 April 2014 |archive-date=26 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426172608/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Poll-boycott-electoral-loyalty-go-hand-in-hand-in-JKs-Anantnag/articleshow/34166770.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> an attack on 22 April that killed three people,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/omar-abdullah-condemns-kashmir-attack-to-scare-voters-114042200683_1.html |title=Omar Abdullah condemns Kashmir attack to scare voters |work=Business Standard |date=22 April 2014 |access-date=26 April 2014 |archive-date=26 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426233354/http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/omar-abdullah-condemns-kashmir-attack-to-scare-voters-114042200683_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and with thousands of [[Kashmiri Pandit]]s protesting in the afternoon that their names were missing from the electoral roll.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |author=Jammu |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/kashmiri-pandits-migrants-in-jagti-protest-as-they-dont-find-name-in-voters-list/ |title=Kashmiri Pandits in Jagti protest over missing names in voters list |work=The Indian Express |date=24 April 2014 |access-date=26 April 2014 |archive-date=25 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425122911/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/kashmiri-pandits-migrants-in-jagti-protest-as-they-dont-find-name-in-voters-list/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As with previous phases, the overall voter turnout for the day was higher than 2009.<ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/politics/higher-voter-turnout-marks-6th-phase-of-polls/article5944448.ece Higher voter turnout marks 6th phase of polls] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426215335/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/politics/higher-voter-turnout-marks-6th-phase-of-polls/article5944448.ece |date=26 April 2014 }} ''Business Line''</ref> In both Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, the turnout was about 9% higher, while Uttar Pradesh saw a 13% increase.<ref name=intoday2404/><ref name="ht24">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/state-of-the-states/third-phase-up-poll-begins-amid-tight-security/article1-1211629.aspx |title=Over 60% voters cast ballot in UP; 13% more than 2009 |work=Hindustan Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424165428/http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/state-of-the-states/third-phase-up-poll-begins-amid-tight-security/article1-1211629.aspx |archive-date=24 April 2014 }}</ref>

*'''Phase 7: 30 April'''
The 7th phase of voting entailed about 140 million eligible voters to elect 89 members of parliament from 1,295 candidates in 7 states and 2 Union Territories.<ref name=sfoinews>[http://news.oneindia.in/india/updates-7th-phase-of-lok-sabha-election-2014-april30-lse-1438841.html 7th phase: 73% voter turnout in Punjab, 60% in Bihar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430100906/http://news.oneindia.in/india/updates-7th-phase-of-lok-sabha-election-2014-april30-lse-1438841.html |date=30 April 2014 }} Sandra Fernandez, One India News, 30 April 2014</ref> Punjab set a new record in its voter turnout for general elections with 73%.<ref name=toi30apr>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Gujarat-sees-highest-jump-in-voter-turnout-over-the-last-elections/articleshow/34438696.cms Gujarat sees highest jump in voter turnout over the last elections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430234005/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Gujarat-sees-highest-jump-in-voter-turnout-over-the-last-elections/articleshow/34438696.cms |date=30 April 2014 }} ''The Times of India''</ref> Gujarat saw the highest jump in voter turnout for the day with 62% turnout compared to 48% turnout in 2009 Lok Sabha elections. The nine constituencies in West Bengal reported over 81% turnout.<ref name=intoday30Apr>[https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/highlights/story/lok-sabha-polls-seventh-phase-voting-uttar-pradesh-sonia-gandhi-narendra-modi-rajnath-singh-190995-2014-04-30 Lok Sabha elections: Polling touches 81 pc in West Bengal, 57 pc in Uttar Pradesh] ''India Today''</ref> Uttar Pradesh witnessed 57% turnout compared to 48% in 2009, while Bihar saw 60% compared to 52% in 2009.<ref name=sfoinews/> One of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir, eligible to vote in this phase, had the lowest turnout for the day at 26% compared to 25.55% in 2009, after a boycott call by separatists.<ref>[http://www.livemint.com/Politics/tVmrTZgHq7PBwYHkDupw6J/Polling-for-Srinagar-Lok-Sabha-seat-begins.html 26% voter turnout in Srinagar amid tight security] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430121807/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/tVmrTZgHq7PBwYHkDupw6J/Polling-for-Srinagar-Lok-Sabha-seat-begins.html |date=30 April 2014 }} LiveMint & The Wall Street Journal</ref> Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh, which will become India's new state on 2 June 2014, saw nearly 72% turnout to elect Lok Sabha members as well as its first state government.<ref name=intoday30Apr/> The aggregate turnout so far in the first 7 phases for 438 parliamentary seats has been 66.20%, significantly more than 57.41% figure in 2009 general elections.<ref name=toi30apr/>

*'''Phase 8: 7 May'''
The 8th phase saw voting for 64 Lok Sabha seats in 7 states with 897 candidates competing.<ref name=ht7may>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/state-of-the-states/ls-polls-live-voting-begins-for-64-seats-all-eyes-on-amethi-seemandhra/article1-1216285.aspx Record-breaking Bengal rakes up 81% turnout in last leg of phase 8 Lok Sabha polling] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507160057/http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/state-of-the-states/ls-polls-live-voting-begins-for-64-seats-all-eyes-on-amethi-seemandhra/article1-1216285.aspx |date=7 May 2014 }} ''Hindustan Times''</ref> Along with the general elections, polls were also held for the first Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh excluding Telangana region.<ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/india/elections-2014-seemandhra-sees-33-polling-violence-reported-1512329.html Elections 2014: Seemandhra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510231246/http://www.firstpost.com/india/elections-2014-seemandhra-sees-33-polling-violence-reported-1512329.html |date=10 May 2014 }} First Post</ref> The voter turnout was high, with West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh each setting their respective general election voter turnout records. West Bengal recorded 81% polling compared to 78% for 2009.<ref name=ht7may/> Andhra Pradesh recorded nearly 76% voter turnout.<ref>[http://www.livemint.com/Politics/76fyYtO7yRRTVFfc1WbBxM/Seemandhra-votes-for-25-Lok-Sabha-seats-175-assembly-seats.html Seemandhra: 76% voter turnout on 25 Lok Sabha seats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508030310/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/76fyYtO7yRRTVFfc1WbBxM/Seemandhra-votes-for-25-Lok-Sabha-seats-175-assembly-seats.html |date=8 May 2014 }} Livemint & The Wall Street Journal</ref> Himachal Pradesh saw about 66% turnout compared to 58% for 2009.<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-almost-66-vote-in-himachal-pradesh-polling-held-peacefully-1986084 Almost 66% vote in Himachal Pradesh, polling held peacefully] DNA India</ref> Uttarakhand also set a new voter turnout record with 62% compared to 53% in 2009.<ref name=ndtv7may/> The 2 constituencies of Jammu & Kashmir that voted witnessed a 49.9% turnout,<ref name=ht7may/> while constituencies of Bihar saw 58% compared to 45% in 2009.<ref name=ndtv7may>[http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/cheat-sheet/nearly-64-polling-in-phase-8-of-elections-7-better-than-2009-10-point-cheat-sheet-519967?curl=1399491486 Nearly 64% Polling in Phase 8 of Elections, 7% Better Than 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508044145/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/cheat-sheet/nearly-64-polling-in-phase-8-of-elections-7-better-than-2009-10-point-cheat-sheet-519967?curl=1399491486 |date=8 May 2014 }} NDTV India</ref> Uttar Pradesh experienced a 55.5% turnout compared to 43.4% in 2009.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/highlights/story/lok-sabha-polls-eighth-phase-polls-polling-rahul-gandhi-smriti-irani-ram-vilas-paswan-rabri-devi-191873-2014-05-06 Lok Sabha polls: 56 pc polling in UP, booth trouble for Gandhis] ''India Today''</ref>

*'''Phase 9: 12 May'''
The 9th and last phase of voting entailed over 90 million eligible voters to elect 41 members of parliament from 606 candidates in 3 states.<ref name=toi12May/> The 6 seats in Bihar saw a voter turnout of 58%, compared to 46% in 2009.<ref name=toi12May/> Uttar Pradesh's 18 constituencies witnessed a 55.3% turnout, compared to 46.6% in 2009.<ref name=fe12May>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/high-voter-turnout-in-last-lap-of-lok-sabha-elections-west-bengal-notches-up-80-/1250021|title=High voter turnout in last lap of Lok Sabha elections; West Bengal notches up 80%|work=The Financial Express|date=12 May 2014|access-date=12 May 2014|archive-date=5 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605081407/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/high-voter-turnout-in-last-lap-of-lok-sabha-elections-west-bengal-notches-up-80-/1250021|url-status=live}}</ref> In West Bengal, the 17 constituencies that voted, saw a turnout of about 80% compared to 82% in 2009.<ref name=fe12May/>

The 2014 general elections, according to the Election Commission of India, recorded a cumulative total of 66.38% voter turnout, or 551.3 million out of 814 million eligible people casting their vote, according to provisional figures.<ref>[http://www.livemint.com/Politics/bou8tVJWkmJRd5rk1jTLXI/Lok-Sabha-polls-Voting-for-last-phase-begins-in-41-constitu.html Record 66.38% turnout in Lok Sabha elections: EC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215535/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/bou8tVJWkmJRd5rk1jTLXI/Lok-Sabha-polls-Voting-for-last-phase-begins-in-41-constitu.html |date=12 May 2014 }} Livemint & The Wall Street Journal</ref> The 2014 turnout surpassed India's previous highest voter turnout record of 64% in [[1984 Indian general election|1984 general elections]].<ref name=toi12May>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Highest-ever-turnout-of-66-38-recorded-in-this-Lok-Sabha-election/articleshow/35028268.cms Highest ever turnout of 66.38% recorded in this Lok Sabha election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513023746/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Highest-ever-turnout-of-66-38-recorded-in-this-Lok-Sabha-election/articleshow/35028268.cms |date=13 May 2014 }} ''The Times of India''</ref><ref name=busi12May/> The voter turnout in 2009 general elections was 58.19%, while 2004 general elections saw a voter turnout of 56.98%.<ref name=busi12May>[http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/highest-polling-recorded-in-lok-sabha-elections-2014-114051201257_1.html Highest polling recorded in Lok Sabha elections 2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017085344/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/highest-polling-recorded-in-lok-sabha-elections-2014-114051201257_1.html |date=17 October 2023 }} ''Business Standard''</ref> The 2014 general elections entailed 8,202 candidates competing for 543 seats.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140512230454/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/lok-sabha-polls-6638-pc-indian-voters-cast-vote-create-record/471379-37-64.html Lok Sabha polls: 66.38 pc Indian voters cast vote, create record] CNN IBN News</ref>

===Re-polls===
Many locations required re-polling for various reasons. There was re-polling on 9 polling stations in Orissa on 25 April.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-24/news/49378107_1_booths-repolling-april-25 |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Repolling in nine Odisha booths on April 25 |work=The Economic Times |date=17 April 2014 |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517114054/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-24/news/49378107_1_booths-repolling-april-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newkerala.com/news/2014/fullnews-42477.html |title=Repoll in nine Odisha polling stations April 25 | Orissa News # 42477 |publisher=Newkerala.com |date=23 April 2014 |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517153318/http://www.newkerala.com/news/2014/fullnews-42477.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Election Commission ordered re-polls in 52 polling booths (30 in Andhra Pradesh & Telangana, 11 in Uttar Pradesh and 11 in West Bengal) because of complaints of booth capturing, rigging, violence or as demanded by the locals. The re-poll was held on 13 May. In Uttar Pradesh, re-polls were held in 3 polling booths in Muzaffarnagar, 7 in Ferozabad and 1 in Badaun.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/repoll-in-52-polling-booths-in-three-states-on-tuesday-523070|title=Repoll in 52 Polling Booths in three states|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=13 May 2014|access-date=13 May 2014|place=New Delhi|archive-date=13 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513170901/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/repoll-in-52-polling-booths-in-three-states-on-tuesday-523070|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/peaceful-repoll-in-11-west-bengal-booths/articleshow/35061942.cms|title=Peaceful repoll in 11 West Bengal booths|work=The Economic Times|date=13 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517155745/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/peaceful-repoll-in-11-west-bengal-booths/articleshow/35061942.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Re-polling also occurred on 14 May in Arunachal Pradesh and on 15 May in the states of Nagaland and Haryana.<ref name=repoll5>{{cite news |date=14 May 2014 |title=EC orders repoll in five polling stations in Nagaland |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/ec-orders-repoll-in-five-polling-stations-in-nagaland/ |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=14 May 2014 |archive-date=14 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514235959/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/ec-orders-repoll-in-five-polling-stations-in-nagaland/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=AAPrepoll>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/A-month-after-election-8-Gurgaon-booths-set-for-repoll/articleshow/35090692.cms|title=A month after election, 8 Gurgaon booths set for repoll|work=The Times of India|date=14 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514213454/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/A-month-after-election-8-Gurgaon-booths-set-for-repoll/articleshow/35090692.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/ec-orders-re-poll-in-8-mewat-booths/|title=EC orders re-poll in 8 Mewat booths|work=The Indian Express|date=14 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514234110/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/ec-orders-re-poll-in-8-mewat-booths/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Repoll-at-two-Arunachal-booths-on-May-14/articleshow/35056508.cms|title=Repoll at two Arunachal booths on May 14|work=The Times of India|date=13 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514105324/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Repoll-at-two-Arunachal-booths-on-May-14/articleshow/35056508.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The Left parties and BJP alleged mass rigging and booth capturing by Trinamool Congress at thousands of polling stations in West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/BJP-wants-repoll-in-600-booths/articleshow/35033054.cms|title=BJP wants repoll in 600 booths|work=The Times of India|date=13 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514121137/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/BJP-wants-repoll-in-600-booths/articleshow/35033054.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cpm-demands-repoll-in-over-800-booths-in-bengal/|title=CPM demands repoll in over 800 booths in Bengal|work=The Indian Express|date=13 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514233239/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cpm-demands-repoll-in-over-800-booths-in-bengal/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/four-left-parties-allege-rigging-demand-repoll-in-3200-booths-in-wb-114051400977_1.html|title=Four Left parties allege rigging, demand repoll in 3200 booths in WB|work=Business Standard|date=14 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514201552/http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/four-left-parties-allege-rigging-demand-repoll-in-3200-booths-in-wb-114051400977_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Bengal-Repoll-ordered-in-booth-captured-by-Trinamool-MLA/articleshow/34938679.cms|title=Bengal: Repoll ordered in booth 'captured' by Trinamool MLA|work=The Times of India|date=11 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514122606/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Bengal-Repoll-ordered-in-booth-captured-by-Trinamool-MLA/articleshow/34938679.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> AAP demanded re-polling in 108 booths.<ref name=AAPrepoll/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Firozabad-booths-set-for-repoll/articleshow/34848545.cms|title=Firozabad booths set for repoll?|work=The Times of India|date=9 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009192550/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Firozabad-booths-set-for-repoll/articleshow/34848545.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Congress demanded re-polling at 1,344 polling stations in Nagaland.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/elections/news/Congress-Demands-Repoll-at-1344-Polling-Station-in-Nagaland/2014/05/08/article2213228.ece|title=Congress Demands Repoll at 1,344 Polling Station in Nagaland|work=The New Indian Express|date=8 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=15 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515204956/http://www.newindianexpress.com/elections/news/Congress-Demands-Repoll-at-1344-Polling-Station-in-Nagaland/2014/05/08/article2213228.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Re-polling was done in two polling stations in Tamil Nadu on 10 May and in 3 polling stations in [[Andhra Pradesh]](Rayalaseema & Coastal Andhra) on 13 May.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Repoll-in-two-Tamil-Nadu-booths/articleshow/34922573.cms|title=Repoll in two Tamil Nadu booths|work=The Times of India|date=10 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=15 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515110345/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Repoll-in-two-Tamil-Nadu-booths/articleshow/34922573.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/voters-sport-black-badges-in-repoll/article6005722.ece|title=Voters sport black badges in repoll|work=The Hindu|date=13 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=15 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515005840/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/voters-sport-black-badges-in-repoll/article6005722.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Jammalamadugu-Repoll-Peaceful/2014/05/14/article2224004.ece|title=Jammalamadugu Repoll Peaceful|work=The New Indian Express|date=14 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=15 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515204959/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Jammalamadugu-Repoll-Peaceful/2014/05/14/article2224004.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ibnlive1">{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/repoll-recommended-at-five-polling-stations-in-bihar/471680-3-232.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515180501/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/repoll-recommended-at-five-polling-stations-in-bihar/471680-3-232.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 May 2014|title=Repoll recommended at five polling stations in Bihar|work=IBN Live|date=14 May 2014}}</ref> In Bihar, there was re-polling on 2 polling stations of Sitamarhi on 11 May and 3 polling stations in Muzaffarnagar went to re-polling on 13 May.<ref name="ibnlive1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/elections/news/57.5-Per-Cent-Votes-Polled-in-Repoll-in-Sitmarhi/2014/05/11/article2219121.ece|title=57.5 Per Cent Votes Polled in Repoll in Sitmarhi|work=The New Indian Express|date=11 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=15 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515204952/http://www.newindianexpress.com/elections/news/57.5-Per-Cent-Votes-Polled-in-Repoll-in-Sitmarhi/2014/05/11/article2219121.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/repoll-in-muzaffarnagar-now-on-may-13/articleshow/35013783.cms|title=Repoll in Muzaffarnagar now on May 13|work=The Economic Times|date=12 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=16 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516211850/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/repoll-in-muzaffarnagar-now-on-may-13/articleshow/35013783.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/x9dFL7EH287iYhCzQRL0MP/Repoll-in-Muzaffarnagar-postponed-to-13-May.html|title=Repoll in Muzaffarnagar postponed to 13 May|work=Livemint|date=12 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=15 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515004325/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/x9dFL7EH287iYhCzQRL0MP/Repoll-in-Muzaffarnagar-postponed-to-13-May.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 May, there was re-polling in one booth in Tamil Nadu, and at 5 booths in West Bengal, Bihar, Nagaland.<ref name=repoll5/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Repoll-in-5-booths-of-3-constituencies-today/articleshow/35135871.cms |title=Repoll in 5 booths of 3 constituencies today |work=The Times of India |access-date=15 May 2014 |archive-date=15 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515155854/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Repoll-in-5-booths-of-3-constituencies-today/articleshow/35135871.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/re-poll-in-one-tamil-nadu-polling-station-underway_932244.html |title=Tamil Nadu: 90 percent cast votes in repolling |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |date=15 October 2013 |access-date=15 May 2014 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517132217/http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/re-poll-in-one-tamil-nadu-polling-station-underway_932244.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140515/jsp/bengal/story_18343480.jsp |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171009192439/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1140515/jsp/bengal/story_18343480.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 October 2017 |title=Repoll for violent last phase: 5 booths |work=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota |date=1 March 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/repoll-in-bihar-concludes-on-a-peaceful-note_932448.html |title=Repoll in Bihar concludes on a peaceful note |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |date=15 October 2013 |access-date=15 May 2014 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517133906/http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/repoll-in-bihar-concludes-on-a-peaceful-note_932448.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/five-booths-in-wb-to-repoll-tomorrow-orders-ec-114051401268_1.html |title=Five booths in WB to repoll tomorrow, orders EC |work=Business Standard |date=25 April 2014 |access-date=15 May 2014 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517151405/http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/five-booths-in-wb-to-repoll-tomorrow-orders-ec-114051401268_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |url=http://www.thehindu.com/elections/loksabha2014/east/repoll-underway-in-five-polling-stations-in-nagaland/article6012067.ece |title=Repoll underway in five polling stations in Nagaland |work=The Hindu |date=5 March 2014 |access-date=15 May 2014 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517122119/http://www.thehindu.com/elections/loksabha2014/east/repoll-underway-in-five-polling-stations-in-nagaland/article6012067.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/elections-2014-repoll-in-vaishali-lok-sabha-constituency-of-bihar-concludes-on-a-peaceful-note/articleshow/35171902.cms |title=Elections 2014: Repoll in Vaishali Lok Sabha constituency of Bihar concludes on a peaceful note |work=The Economic Times |access-date=15 May 2014 |archive-date=19 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519102810/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/elections-2014-repoll-in-vaishali-lok-sabha-constituency-of-bihar-concludes-on-a-peaceful-note/articleshow/35171902.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> It was reported that not a single voter turned up for a re-poll at 5 polling stations in Nagaland on 15 May.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Not-a-single-voter-turns-up-for-repoll-at-5-polling-stations-in-Nagaland/articleshow/35168391.cms |title=Not a single voter turns up for repoll at 5 polling stations in Nagaland |work=The Times of India |access-date=15 May 2014 |archive-date=15 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515182959/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Not-a-single-voter-turns-up-for-repoll-at-5-polling-stations-in-Nagaland/articleshow/35168391.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |url=http://www.thehindu.com/elections/loksabha2014/east/zero-turnout-in-repolls-in-nagaland/article6012429.ece |title=Zero turnout in repolls in Nagaland |work=The Hindu |date=5 March 2014 |access-date=15 May 2014 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517121726/http://www.thehindu.com/elections/loksabha2014/east/zero-turnout-in-repolls-in-nagaland/article6012429.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> On 12 May, the Bombay High court declined to order supplementary polling for voters in Maharashtra whose names were missing from the electoral rolls. There were speculated to be as many as 100,000 voters missing from the electoral roll in Pune and as many as 200,000 missing from electoral roll in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/after-1-lakh-voters-names-missing-in-pune-mumbaikars-face-same-issue_926887.html|title=After 1 lakh voters' names missing in Pune, Mumbaikars face same issue|work=Zee News|date=24 April 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=16 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516134608/http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/after-1-lakh-voters-names-missing-in-pune-mumbaikars-face-same-issue_926887.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/ec-apologises-to-mumbaikars-after-lakhs-of-names-missing-from-voters-list_927117.html|title=EC apologises to Mumbaikars after lakhs of names missing from voters list|work=Zee News|date=25 April 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=16 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516134612/http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/ec-apologises-to-mumbaikars-after-lakhs-of-names-missing-from-voters-list_927117.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/missing-voters-run-facebook-campaign-lawyer-says-will-file-pil-soon/|title='Missing' voters run Facebook campaign, lawyer says will file PIL soon|work=The Indian Express|date=26 April 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502131232/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/missing-voters-run-facebook-campaign-lawyer-says-will-file-pil-soon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140513/jsp/nation/story_18336252.jsp|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171009192445/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1140513/jsp/nation/story_18336252.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 October 2017|title=No repoll for voters left out of rolls|work=The Telegraph India|date=12 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/maharashtra/story/no-re-polling-over-deleted-names-from-voters-list-bombay-high-court-192803-2014-05-13|title=No re-polling over deleted names from voters' list: Bombay High Court|work=India Today|date=13 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=13 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513200829/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/no-re-polling-over-deleted-names-from-voters-list-bombay-high-court/1/361670.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Voting pattern===
The BJP secured 39% support from first time voters, while Congress received 19% of the first time votes.<ref name="dnaindia.com"/> The NDA won 39 of 74 seats where Muslim voters make up between 21 and 95% of the total electorate. The BJP won all 16 seats in Uttar Pradesh. It also secured 5 out of 9 such seats in Bihar. Analyst Saeed Naqvi believes that Amit Shah managed to convince Dalits and OBC voters to elect the BJP as "Muslim appeasers in an atmosphere of perpetual communal tension".<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-lok-sabha-elections-nda-won-75-of-muslim-seats-1989855 Lok Sabha elections: NDA won 75% of Muslim seats & Updates at Daily News & Analysis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521032426/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-lok-sabha-elections-nda-won-75-of-muslim-seats-1989855 |date=21 May 2014 }}. ''Daily News and Analysis''. (22 October 2013). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref>

The BJP won all 26 seats in Gujarat, marking the first time a single party won all seats in the state. The previous record was held by the Congress which won 25 of the 26 seats in the 1984 general election.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/editors-pick/gujarat-modi-wins-from-vadodara-bjp-ahead-in-all-26-seats/article1-1219764.aspx|title=In Gujarat, Cong left with no face to save|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=16 May 2014|access-date=21 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520182322/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/editors-pick/gujarat-modi-wins-from-vadodara-bjp-ahead-in-all-26-seats/article1-1219764.aspx|archive-date=20 May 2014}}</ref> The assembly segment-wise result of Lok Sabha elections in Uttar Pradesh shows that the BJP was number one in 328 seats, while the ruling SP led in just 42. Congress was ahead in 15, BSP 9 and Apna Dal 9. In 2012, SP had formed government by winning 224 assembly seats. BSP had won 80, BJP 47, Congress 28 and Apna Dal one.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Samajwadi-Party-rout-If-it-were-assembly-not-Lok-Sabha-polls/articleshow/35535819.cms|title=SP routed|newspaper=The Times of India|date=24 May 2014|access-date=29 October 2014|archive-date=27 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027043309/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Samajwadi-Party-rout-If-it-were-assembly-not-Lok-Sabha-polls/articleshow/35535819.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Similarly, in Maharashtra BJP-Shiva Sena alliance has got a lead in 246 assembly segments out of the total 288.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Saffron-leads-in-58-of-62-segments-in-Vidarbha/articleshow/35315129.cms|title=Saffron leads in Vidharba|newspaper=The Times of India|date=19 May 2014|access-date=30 October 2014|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009192532/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Saffron-leads-in-58-of-62-segments-in-Vidarbha/articleshow/35315129.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> By securing seven of the 10 Lok Sabha seats in Haryana, BJP remained ahead on 52 assembly segments in the state. Its ally HJC could not win any of the Lok Sabha seats it contested, but its candidates remained ahead in seven assembly segments. BJP contested 8 Lok Sabha seats in Haryana, leaving two constituencies for its alliance partner HJC. BJP candidates remained ahead in all 27 assembly segments of Ambala, Karnal and Faridabad parliamentary constituencies. BJP won all seats except Rohtak where its candidate Om Prakash Dhankar lost to Haryana chief minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda's son and sitting MP Deepender Hooda.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Lok-Sabha-results-put-BJP-ahead-in-52-assemble-seats-in-Haryana/articleshow/35272708.cms|title=BJP ahead in Haryana|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=7 November 2014|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009192510/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Lok-Sabha-results-put-BJP-ahead-in-52-assemble-seats-in-Haryana/articleshow/35272708.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Results==
{{main|Results of the 2014 Indian general election|List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha}}

{{Election results
|image=[[File:Lok Sabha Zusammensetzung 2014.svg|350px]]
|party1=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|votes1=171660230|seats1=282|sc1=
|party2=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes2=106935942|seats2=44|sc2=
|party3=[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]|votes3=22946346|seats3=0|sc3=
|party4=[[All India Trinamool Congress]]|votes4=21262665|seats4=34|sc4=
|party5=[[Samajwadi Party]]|votes5=18673089|seats5=5|sc5=
|party6=[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes6=18111579|seats6=37|sc6=
|party7=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes7=17988955|seats7=9|sc7=
|party8=[[Telugu Desam Party]]|votes8=14099230|seats8=16|sc8=
|party9=[[YSR Congress Party]]|votes9=13995435|seats9=9|sc9=
|party10=[[Aam Aadmi Party]]|votes10=11325387|seats10=4|sc10=
|party11=[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]|votes11=10262544|seats11=18|sc11=
|party12=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes12=9631246|seats12=0|sc12=
|party13=[[Biju Janata Dal]]|votes13=9489946|seats13=20|sc13=
|party14=[[Nationalist Congress Party]]|votes14=8635558|seats14=6|sc14=
|party15=[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]|votes15=7440937|seats15=4|sc15=
|party16=[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]|votes16=6736270|seats16=11|sc16=
|party17=[[Janata Dal (United)]]|votes17=5992281|seats17=2|sc17=
|party18=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes18=4327460|seats18=1|sc18=
|party19=[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]|votes19=3731481|seats19=2|sc19=
|party20=[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]|votes20=3636148|seats20=4|sc20=
|party21=[[Indian National Lok Dal]]|votes21=2799899|seats21=2|sc21=
|party22=[[All India United Democratic Front]]|votes22=2333040|seats22=3|sc22=
|party23=[[Lok Jan Shakti Party]]|votes23=2295929|seats23=6|sc23=
|party24=[[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]]|votes24=2078843|seats24=0|sc24=
|party25=[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]|votes25=1827566|seats25=1|sc25=
|party26=[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]|votes26=1666380|seats26=1|sc26=
|party27=[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]|votes27=1637994|seats27=2|sc27=
|party28=[[Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)]]|votes28=1579772|seats28=0|sc28=
|party29=[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes29=1417535|seats29=0|sc29=
|party30=[[All India Forward Bloc]]|votes30=1211418|seats30=0|sc30=
|party31=[[Swabhimani Paksha]]|votes31=1105073|seats31=1|sc31=
|party32=[[Indian Union Muslim League]]|votes32=1100096|seats32=2|sc32=
|party33=[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]|votes33=1078473|seats33=3|sc33=
|party34=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]|votes34=1007275|seats34=0|sc34=
|party35=[[Naga People's Front]]|votes35=994505|seats35=1|sc35=
|party36=[[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal]]|votes36=821820|seats36=2|sc36=
|party37=[[Bahujan Mukti Party]]|votes37=791951|seats37=0|sc37=
|party38=[[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]|votes38=732644|seats38=3|sc38=
|party39=[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]|votes39=708010|seats39=0|sc39=
|party40=[[Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)]]|votes40=703698|seats40=0|sc40=
|party41=[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]|votes41=696918|seats41=0|sc41=
|party42=[[All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]|votes42=685730|seats42=1|sc42=
|party43=[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]|votes43=606110|seats43=0|sc43=
|party44=[[Asom Gana Parishad]]|votes44=577730|seats44=0|sc44=
|party45=[[National People's Party (India)|National Peoples Party]]|votes45=576448|seats45=1|sc45=
|party46=[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]|votes46=520972|seats46=0|sc46=
|party47=[[Peace Party of India|Peace Party]]|votes47=518724|seats47=0|sc47=
|party48=[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]|votes48=497721|seats48=0|sc48=
|party49=[[All Jharkhand Students Union]]|votes49=488719|seats49=0|sc49=
|party50=[[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha]]|votes50=458580|seats50=0|sc50=
|party51=[[Kerala Congress (M)]]|votes51=424194|seats51=1|sc51=
|party52=[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]|votes52=396713|seats52=0|sc52=
|party53=[[Social Democratic Party of India]]|votes53=396524|seats53=0|sc53=
|party54=[[Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh]]|votes54=360854|seats54=0|sc54=
|party55=[[Quami Ekta Dal]]|votes55=354577|seats55=0|sc55=
|party56=[[Bodoland People's Front]]|votes56=330106|seats56=0|sc56=
|party57=[[Socialist Janata (Democratic)]]|votes57=307597|seats57=0|sc57=
|party58=[[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]]|votes58=301366|seats58=0|sc58=
|party59=[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi]]|votes59=293681|seats59=0|sc59=
|party60=[[Puthiya Tamilagam]]|votes60=262812|seats60=0|sc60=
|party61=[[All India N.R. Congress]]|votes61=255826|seats61=1|sc61=
|party62=[[Manithaneya Makkal Katchi]]|votes62=236679|seats62=0|sc62=
|party63=[[Welfare Party of India]]|votes63=228645|seats63=0|sc63=
|party64=[[Jai Bharat Samanta Party]]|votes64=215607|seats64=0|sc64=
|party65=[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]|votes65=206689|seats65=0|sc65=
|party66=[[Jai Samaikyandhra Party]]|votes66=204260|seats66=0|sc66=
|party67=[[Jharkhand Party]]|votes67=203869|seats67=0|sc67=
|party68=Pyramid Party of India|votes68=185478|seats68=0|sc68=
|party69=[[Ambedkarite Party of India]]|votes69=185095|seats69=0|sc69=
|party70=[[Lok Satta Party]]|votes70=165670|seats70=0|sc70=
|party71=[[Sikkim Democratic Front]]|votes71=163698|seats71=1|sc71=
|party72=[[Aama Odisha Party]]|votes72=155900|seats72=0|sc72=
|party73=[[National Unionist Zamindara Party]]|votes73=124990|seats73=0|sc73=
|party74=[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]|votes74=121956|seats74=0|sc74=
|party75=[[Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party]]|votes75=118947|seats75=0|sc75=
|party76=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star]]|votes76=114323|seats76=0|sc76=
|party77=[[Marxist Co-ordination Committee]]|votes77=110185|seats77=0|sc77=
|party78=[[Jharkhand Disom Party]]|votes78=109843|seats78=0|sc78=
|party79=[[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|United Democratic Party]]|votes79=106817|seats79=0|sc79=
|party80=[[Results of the 2014 Indian general election#minorparties|385 other parties with fewer than 100,000 votes]]|votes80=4017081|seats80=0|sc80=
|party81=Independents|votes81=16737720|seats81=3|sc81=
|row82=None of the above|votes82=6002942
|row83=[[Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha|Nominated Anglo-Indians]]|seats83=2
|invalid=368873
|electorate=834082814
|source=[https://eci.gov.in/files/category/97-general-election-2014/ ECI]
}}

About one-third of all winners had at least one pending criminal case against them, with some having serious criminal cases.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/a-third-of-mps-have-criminal-cases-shiv-sena-tops-list-report-398609|title=A third of MPs have criminal cases, Shiv Sena tops list: report|date=29 July 2013|work=NDTV.com|access-date=16 August 2015|archive-date=29 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029200753/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/a-third-of-mps-have-criminal-cases-shiv-sena-tops-list-report-398609|url-status=live}}</ref> A candidate with criminal case(s) had 13% chance of winning the election, whereas a candidate with a clean record had only 5% chance of winning. (Here, chance of winning = {{sfrac | No. of winners in the category | Total no. of candidates in that category}}.)<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Every-third-newly-elected-MP-has-criminal-background/articleshow/35306963.cms|title=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com is temporarily unavailable|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=16 August 2015|archive-date=2 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102225055/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Every-third-newly-elected-MP-has-criminal-background/articleshow/35306963.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Out of the 542 members analysed, 443 (82%) had total assets of {{INRconvert|1|c}} or more. In the [[15th Lok Sabha]], out of 521 members analysed, 300 (58%) members had assets of {{INRConvert|1|c}} or more.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> The average assets per member are {{INRConvert|14.7|c}} (in 2009, this figure was {{INRConvert|5.35|c}}).

=== Proportionality ===
The proportionality of parliamentary seats won in the 2014 election, as measured by the [[Gallagher index]], yielded an index score of '''17.53''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election indices |url=https://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/about/people/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/ElectionIndices.pdf |website=www.tcd.ie}}</ref> indicating a disproportionate outcome that strongly favoured the BJP while being significantly disadvantageous for most other parties and independents.

===Results by Region===
{| class="wikitable Sortable"
!Region
!States
!Total Seats
!colspan=2|Party
!Won
!Change
|-
|rowspan=8|'''Northern'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/constituency-map | title=Lok Sabha Results Constituency Map: Lok Sabha Election Result with constituencies details along electoral map | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>
|rowspan=8|[[2014 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu & Kashmir]] (6) [[2014 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]] (4) [[2014 Indian general election in Haryana|Haryana]] (10) [[2014 Indian general election in Punjab|Punjab]] (13) [[2014 Indian general election in Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]] (5) [[2014 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]] (80)
|rowspan=8|'''118'''
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''92'''
|{{increase}}78
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|6
|{{decrease}}40
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}
|5
|{{decrease}}18
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|4
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|4
|New
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}
|3
|{{increase}}3
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Lok Dal}}
|2
|{{increase}}2
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)}}
|2
|{{increase}}2
|-
|rowspan=5|'''Western'''
|rowspan=5|[[2014 Indian general election in Rajasthan|Rajasthan]] (25) [[2014 Indian general election in Gujarat|Gujarat]] (26) [[2014 Indian general election in Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] (48) [[2014 Indian general election in Goa|Goa]] (2)
|rowspan=5|'''101'''
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''75'''
|{{increase}}46
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena}}
|18
|{{increase}}7
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|4
|{{decrease}}4
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|3
|{{decrease}}46
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Swabhimani Paksha}}
|1
|{{no change}}
|-
|rowspan=2|'''Central'''
|rowspan=2|[[2019 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]] (29) [[2019 Indian general election in Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]] (11)
|rowspan=2|'''40'''
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''37'''
|{{increase}}24
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|3
|{{decrease}}23
|-
|rowspan=15|'''Southern'''
|rowspan=15|[[2019 Indian general election in Karnataka|Karnataka]] (28) [[2019 Indian general election in Telangana|Telangana]] (17) [[2019 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] (25) [[2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]] (39) [[2019 Indian general election in Kerala|Kerala]] (20)
|rowspan=15|'''129'''
|{{Full party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|'''37'''
|{{increase}}28
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21
|{{increase}}2
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|19
|{{decrease}}41
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}
|16
|{{increase}}10
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|11
|{{increase}}9
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|YSR Congress Party}}
|9
|New
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|5
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|2
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|2
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Independent Politician}}
|2
|{{increase}}2
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Kerala Congress (M)}}
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|rowspan=11|'''Eastern'''
|rowspan=11|[[2019 Indian general election in Bihar|Bihar]] (40) [[2019 Indian general election in Jharkhand|Jharkhand]] (14) [[2019 Indian general election in Odisha|Odisha]] (21) [[2019 Indian general election in West Bengal|West Bengal]] (42)
|rowspan=11|'''117'''
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''37'''
|{{increase}}16
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|34
|{{increase}}15
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Biju Janata Dal}}
|20
|{{increase}}6
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Lok Janshakti Party}}
|6
|{{increase}}6
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|6
|{{decrease}}9
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|4
|{{no change}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Lok Samata Party}}
|3
|{{increase}}3
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (United)}}
|2
|{{decrease}}18
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|2
|{{decrease}}7
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|2
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|rowspan=8|'''North-East'''
|rowspan=8|[[2019 Indian general election in Assam|Assam]] (14) [[2019 Indian general election in Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]] (2) [[2019 Indian general election in Meghalaya|Meghalaya]] (2) [[2019 Indian general election in Manipur|Manipur]] (2) [[2019 Indian general election in Mizoram|Mizoram]] (1) [[2019 Indian general election in Nagaland|Nagaland]](1) [[2019 Indian general election in Sikkim|Sikkim]] (1) [[2019 Indian general election in Tripura|Tripura]] (2)
|rowspan=8|'''25'''
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''8'''
|{{increase}}4
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|'''8'''
|{{decrease}}5
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|All India United Democratic Front}}
|3
|{{increase}}2
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|2
|{{no change}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|National People's Party (India)}}
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Naga People's Front}}
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Sikkim Democratic Front}}
|1
|{{Nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|rowspan=3|'''Union Territories'''
|rowspan=3| [[2019 Indian general election in Chandigarh|Chandigarh]] (1) [[2019 Indian general election in Delhi|Delhi]] (7) [[2019 Indian general election in Dadra and Nagar Haveli|Dadra & Nagar Haveli]] (1) [[2019 Indian general election in Daman and Diu|Daman & Diu]] (1) [[2019 Indian general election in Lakshadweep|Lakshadweep]] (1) [[2019 Indian general election in Puducherry |Puducherry ]] (1) [[2019 Indian general election in Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman & Nicobar]] (1)
|rowspan=3|'''13'''
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''11'''
|{{increase}}7
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with colour|All India N.R. Congress}}
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
|Total
|29 States and 7 UT
!543
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
|}

====Summary====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Region
!Total Seats
! colspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
! colspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
! colspan="2" |Others
|-
|South India
|130
|22
|{{Composition bar|22|130|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Increase}} 2
|19
|{{Composition bar|19|130|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Decrease}} 42
|'''90'''
|{{Increase}} 40
|-
|West India
|78
|'''53'''
|{{Composition bar|53|78|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Increase}} 26
|2
|{{Composition bar|2|78|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Decrease}} 27
|23
|{{Increase}} 1
|-
|North India
|225
|'''190'''
|{{Composition bar|190|225|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Increase}} 127
|8
|{{Composition bar|8|225|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Decrease}} 71
|27
|{{Decrease}} 56
|-
|North-East India
|25
|8
|{{Composition bar|8|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Increase}} 4
|8
|{{Composition bar|8|25|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Decrease}} 5
|'''9'''
|{{Increase}} 1
|-
|East India
|63
|3
|{{Composition bar|3|63|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Increase}} 2
|4
|{{Composition bar|4|63|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Decrease}} 8
|'''56'''
|{{Increase}} 5
|-
|Union Territories
|22
|'''6'''
|{{Composition bar|6|22|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Increase}} 5
|3
|{{Composition bar|3|22|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Decrease}} 9
|0
|{{Steady}}
|-
!Total
|543
|282
|{{Composition bar|282|543|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|''+166''
|44
|{{Composition bar|44|543|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|''-162''
|205
|''+9''
|-
| colspan="10" align="left" |Source: Times of India<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lok Sabha Results Constituency Map: Lok Sabha Election Result with constituencies details along electoral map|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/constituency-map|access-date=20 July 2021|website=The Times of India|archive-date=4 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804170258/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/constituency-map|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===By alliance===
'''[[National Democratic Alliance]] (336)'''
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:51.93%;" | '''282'''
| style="background:#ff8000; width:20.31%;" | '''18'''
| style="background:yellow;color: #333; width:15.74%;" | '''16'''
| style="background:#00f; width:1.08%;"| '''6'''
| style="background:#663; width:2.4%;"| '''4'''
| style="background:#996; width:0.72%;"| '''3'''
| style="background:#f3c; width:0.36%;"| '''2'''
| style="background:#9f0; color:#333; width:0.18%;"| '''1'''
| style="background:purple; width:0.18%;"| '''1'''
| style="background:#ffc000; width:0.18%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:#db7093; width:0.18%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:#906; width:0.18%;"| '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''SS'''
| '''TDP'''
| '''LJP'''
| '''SAD'''
| '''RLSP'''
| '''AD'''
| '''PMK'''
| '''SWP'''
| '''AINRC'''
| '''NPP'''
| '''NPF'''
|} '''[[United Progressive Alliance]] (60)'''
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:73.33%;" | '''44'''
| style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}; width:10%;" | '''6'''
| style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}; width:6.66%;" | '''4'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; width:3.33%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}; width:3.33%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}; width:1.66%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:#c00; width:0.18%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''INC'''
| '''NCP'''
| '''RJD'''
| '''IUML'''
| '''JMM'''
| '''KC(M)'''
| '''RSP'''
|} '''Others (147)'''
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#007500; width:6.81%;" | '''37'''
| style="background:greenyellow;color:#333; width:6.26%;" | '''34'''
| style="background:brown; width:3.68%;" | '''20'''
| style="background:pink; color:#333; width:2.02%;" | '''11'''
| style="background:green; width:0.36%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:pink; color:#333; width:0.56%;" | '''3'''
| style="background:#5bb30e; width:0.73%;" | '''4'''
| style="background:red; width:0.56%;" | '''3'''
| style="background:green; width:0.36%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:yellow; color:#333; width:0.36%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:red; width:0.92%;" | '''5'''
| style="background:blue; width:0.18%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:green; width:0.18%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:blue; width:1.66%;" | '''9'''
| style="background:gray; width:0.56%;"| '''3'''
| style="background:red; width:0.18%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:darkred; width:1.66%;" | '''9'''
|-
| '''AIADMK'''
| '''AITC'''
| '''BJD'''
| '''TRS'''
| '''INLD'''
| '''AIUDF'''
| '''AAP'''
| '''J&KPDP'''
| '''JD(S)'''
| '''JD(U)'''
| '''SP'''
| '''SDF'''
| '''AIMIM'''
| '''YSRCP'''
| '''IND.'''
| '''CPI'''
| '''CPI(M)'''
|}

===By state===
''' Andaman and Nicobar Islands (1) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:100%%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 47.8 || +3.59 || 1 || 0
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 40.8 || −1.23 || 0 || 0
|}

'''Andhra Pradesh (25)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:7.26%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:yellow;color: #333; width:38.74%;" | '''15'''
| style="background:blue; width:21.4%;" | '''8'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''TDP'''
| '''YSRCP'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Telugu Desam Party]] (NDA) || 29.10 || +4.17 || 15 || +9
|-
| [[YSR Congress Party]] || 28.90 || +28.90 || 8 || +8
|-

| [[Indian National Congress]] || 11.5 || −27.45 || 0 || −19
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (NDA) || 8.50 || --- || 2 || +2
|}

''' Arunachal Pradesh (2) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:48.33%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:43.20%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''INC'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Seats won
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 1
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 1
|}

''' Assam (14) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:50.00%;" | '''7'''
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:24.64%;" | '''3'''
| style="background:green; width:24.64%;" | '''3'''
| style="background:red; width:0.72%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''INC'''
| '''AIUDF '''
| '''IND.'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 36.50 || +19.29 || 7 || +3
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 29.60 || −4.31 || 3 || −4
|-
| [[All India United Democratic Front]] || 14.80 || −2.30 || 3 || +2
|-
| [[Asom Gana Parishad]] || 3.80 || −8.81 || 0 || −1
|-
| [[Independent (politician)]] || --- || --- || 1 || +1
|}

''' Bihar (40) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:59%;" | '''22'''
| style="background:blue; width:15%;" | '''6'''
| style="background:yellow; color:#333; width:7.5%;" | '''3'''
| style="background:pink; color:#333; width:5%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:green; width:10%;" | '''4'''
| style="background:blue; width:2.5%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:aqua;color:#333; width:5%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''LJP'''
| '''RLSP'''
| '''JD(U)'''
| '''RJD'''
| '''NCP'''
| '''INC'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (NDA) || 29.40 || +15.47 || 22 || +10
|-
| [[Lok Janshakti Party]] (NDA) || 6.40 || --- || 6 || +6
|-
| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (UPA) || 20.10 || +0.80 || 4 || 0
|-
| [[Janata Dal (United)]] || 15.80 || −8.24 || 2 || −18
|-
| [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]] (NDA) || 3.00 || --- || 3 || +3
|-
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]] || 1.20 || --- || 1 || +1
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] (UPA) || 8.40 || −1.86 || 2 || 0
|-
| [[Independent politician|Independent]] || --- || --- || 0 || −2
|}

''' Chandigarh (1) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:100%%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 42.20 || +19.46 || 1 || +1
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 26.80 || −20.07 || 0 || −1
|-
| [[Aam Aadmi Party]] || 24.00 || ''New'' || 0 || 0
|}

''' Chhattisgarh (11) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:90.91%;" | '''10'''
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:9.09%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''INC'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 48.70 || −1.09 || 10 || 0
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] ||38.40 || +13.67 || 1 || 0
|}

''' Dadra & Nagar Haveli (1) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:100%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 48.90 || +2.47 || 1 || 0
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 45.10 || −0.75 || 0 || 0
|}

''' Daman & Diu (1) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:100%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 53.80% || −11.46 || 1 || 0
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 43.30% || +14.29 || 0 || 0
|}

''' NCT of Delhi (7) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:100%;" | '''7'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!NParty !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 46.40% || || 7 || +7
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 15.10% || −42.01% || 0 || −7
|-
| [[Aam Aadmi Party]] || 32.90% || +32.90% || 0 || 0
|}

''' Goa (2) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:100%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 53.40% || +8.62 || 2 || +1
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 36.60% || −14.00 || 0 || −1
|}

'''Gujarat (26)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:100%;" | '''26'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 59.10% || +12.59 || 26 || +11
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 32.90% || −10.48 || 0 || −11
|}

'''Haryana (10)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:70.00%;" | '''7'''
| style="background:green; width:20.00%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:10.00%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''INLD'''
| '''INC'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 34.70% || || 7 || +7
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 22.90% || −18.87 || 1 || −8
|-
| [[Indian National Lok Dal]] || 24.40% || || 2 || +2
|}

'''Himachal Pradesh (4)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:100%;" | '''4'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 53.31%|| +3.72 || 4 || +1
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 40.70% || −4.91 || 0 || −1
|}

'''Jammu and Kashmir (6)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:50.00%;" | '''3'''
| style="background:violet; width:50.00%;" | '''3'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''JKPDP'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 34.40% || || 3 || +3
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 22.90% || −1.77|| 0 || −2
|-
| [[Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party]] || 20.50% || || 3 || +3
|-
| [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] || 11.10% || −8.00% || 0 || −3
|-
| [[Independent politician|Independent]] || --- || --- || 0 || −1
|}

'''Jharkhand (14)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:85.71%;" | '''12'''
| style="background:green; width:14.29%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''JMM'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 40.10% || +12.57% || 12 || +4
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] (UPA) || 13.30% || −1.72% || 0 || −1
|-
| [[Jharkhand Vikas Morcha]] || 12.10% || || 0 || −1
|-
| [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] (UPA) || 9.30% || −2.4% || 2 || 0
|-
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] || --- || --- || 0 || −2
|}

'''Karnataka (28)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:60.71%;" | '''17'''
| style="background:green; width:9.15%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:32.14%;" | '''9'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''JD(S)'''
| '''INC'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 43.00% || −1.37 || 17 || −2
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 40.80% || +3.15 || 9 || +3
|-
| [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] || 11.00% || −2.57% || 2 || −1
|}

'''Kerala (20)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:40%;" | '''8'''
| style="background:green; width:10%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:#7f7f7f; width:5%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:#ff80ff; width:5%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:red; width:25px;"| '''5'''
| style="background:red; width:5%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:red; width:10%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''INC'''
| '''IUML'''
| '''KC(M)'''
| '''RSP'''
| '''CPI(M)'''
| '''CPI'''
| '''IND.'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 31.10% || || 8 || −5
|-
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] ||21.60% || || 5 || +1
|-
| [[Communist Party of India]] || 7.60% || || 1 || +1
|-
| [[Indian Union Muslim League]] || 4.50% || || 2 || 0
|-
| [[Kerala Congress (M)]] || 2.40% || || 1 || 0
|-
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] || || || 1 || +1
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 10.30% || || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Independent politician|IND.]] (backed by [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]]) || || || 2 || +2
|}

19 July 2018 [[Jose K Mani]] quit the lower house after being nominated to [[Rajya Sabha]].[http://indiatoday.in/india/story/ahead-of-no-trust-vote-speaker-accepts-resignation-of-jay-pa]

''' Lakshadweep (1) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:blue; width:100%%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''NCP'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]] || 50.10% || +3.79 || 1 || +1
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 46.60% || −5.32|| 0 || −1
|}

'''Madhya Pradesh (29)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:93.10%;" | '''27'''
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:6.90%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''INC'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 55.00% || +10.55 || 27 || +10
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 34.90% || −5.24% || 2 || −9
|-
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] || 3.8% || −2.05% || 0 || −1
|}

'''Maharashtra (48)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:47.91666667%;" | '''23'''
| style="background:red; width:37.50%;" | '''18'''
| style="background:purple; width:2.0833333%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:blue; width:8.333333%;" | '''4'''
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:4.1666667%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''Shiv Sena'''
| '''SWP'''
| '''NCP'''
| '''INC'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (NDA) || 27.30% || +9.13% || 23 || +14
|-
| [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] (NDA) || 20.60% || +3.60% || 18 || +7
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] (UPA) || 18.10% || −1.51 || 2 || −15
|-
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (UPA) || 16.00% || −3.28 || 4 || −4
|-
| [[Swabhimani Paksha]] (NDA) || 2.30% || || 1 || 0
|-
| [[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi]] || --- || --- || 0 || −1
|-
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] || --- || --- || 0 || −1
|}

''' Manipur (2) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:100%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''INC'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 11.90% || || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 41.70% || −1.26% || 2 || 0
|-
| [[Naga People's Front]] || 19.90% || || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Communist Party of India]] || 14.00% || || 0 || 0
|}

''' Meghalaya (2) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#db7093; width:50%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:50%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''NPP'''
| '''INC'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (NDA) || 8.90% || || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] (UPA) || 37.90% || −6.94% || 1 || 0
|-
| [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party (NDA)]] || 22.20% || +22.20 || 1 || +1
|-
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (UPA) || --- || −18.78% || 0 || −1
|}

''' Mizoram (1) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:100%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''INC'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 48.60% || +16.98 || 1 || 0
|}

''' Nagaland (1) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#906; width:100%;"| '''1'''
|-
| '''NPF'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Naga People's Front]] (NDA) || 68.70% || −1.26 || 1 || 0
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 30.10% || || || 0
|}

''' Odisha (21) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:green; width:97%;" | '''20'''
| style="background:orange; width:3%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJD'''
| '''BJP'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Biju Janata Dal]] || 44.10% || +6.87 || 20 || +6
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 21.50% || || 1 || +1
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 26.00% || −6.75 || 0 || −6
|-
| [[Communist Party of India]] || 0.3% || −2.27% || 0 || −1
|}

''' Puducherry (1) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#ffc000; width:100%%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''All India N R Congress'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[All India N.R. Congress]] (NDA) || 34.60% || +34.60 || 1 || +1
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 26.3% || −23.16% || 0 || −1
|-
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] || 17.93% || +17.93% || 0 || 0
|}

'''Punjab (13)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:15.3%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:blue; width:30.7%;" | '''4'''
| style="background:#5bb30e; width:30.7%;" | '''4'''
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:23.3%;" | '''3'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''SAD'''
| '''AAP'''
| '''INC'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 33.10% || −12.13 || 3 || −5
|-
| [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] || 20.30% || −13.55% || 4 || 0
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 8.70% || −1.36 || 2 || +1
|-
| [[Aam Aadmi Party]] || 30.40% || +30.40% || 4 || +4
|}

'''Rajasthan (25)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:100%;" | '''25'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 50.90% || +7.71 || 25 || +21
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 30.40% || −16.79 || 0 || −20
|}

'''Sikkim (1)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#9B870C; width:100%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''SDF'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Sikkim Democratic Front]] || 53.00% || −13.30 || 1 || 0
|-
| [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]] || 39.50% || +39.50% || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 2.40% || +0.59 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 2.30% || −27.26% || 0 || 0
|}

'''Tamil Nadu (39)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#007500; width:94.8%;" | '''37'''
| style="background:#9B870C; width:2.6%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:orange; width:2.6%;" | '''1'''

|-
| '''AIADMK'''
| '''PMK'''
| '''BJP'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] || 44.30% || +21.42% || 37 || +28
|-
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] || 23.60% || −1.49 || 0 || −18
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 5.50%|| || 1 || +1
|-
| [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] || 4.40%|| || 1 || +1
|}

''' Telangana (17) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:pink; width:26.1%;" | '''11'''
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:15%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:orange; width:7.26%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:yellow;color: #333; width:8.74%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:blue; width:8.4%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:green; width:2.4%;" | '''1'''

|-
| '''TRS'''
| '''INC'''
| '''BJP'''
| '''TDP'''
| '''YSRCP'''
| '''AIMIM'''

|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] || 33.90 || +7.76 || 11 || +9
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 20.5 || −27.45 || 2 || -10
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 8.50 || --- || 1 || +1
|-
| [[Telugu Desam Party]] || 3.10 || +4.17 || 1 || -1
|-
| [[YSR Congress Party]] || 2.90 || +2.90 || 1 || +1
|-
| [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] ||1.40||−0.53||1||0
|}

'''Tripura (2)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:red; width:100%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''CPI(M)'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] || 64.00% || +2.31 || 2 || 0
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 15.20% || || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 5.70% || || 0 || 0
|}

'''Uttar Pradesh (80)'''

{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:88.75%;" | '''71'''
| style="background:red; width:6.25%;" | '''5'''
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:2.5%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:blue; color:#333; width:2.5%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''SP'''
| '''INC'''
| '''AD'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 42.30% || +24.80 || 71 || +61
|-
| [[Samajwadi Party]] || 22.20% || −1.06|| 5 || -22
|-
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] || 19.60% || −7.82 || 0 || −16
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 7.50% || −10.75 || 2 || −19
|-
| [[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal]] || 1.00% || || 2 || +2
|}

''' Uttarakhand (5) '''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:Orange; width:100%%;" | '''5'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 55.30% || || 5 || +5
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 34.00% || −9.13 || 0 || −5
|}

'''West Bengal (42)'''
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:orange; width:4.76%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:aqua; color:#333; width:9.52%;" | '''4'''
| style="background:red; width:4.76%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:green; width:80.95%;" | '''34'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''INC'''
| '''CPI(M)'''
| '''TMC'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Party !! Vote share % !! Change !!Seats won !! Changes
|-
| [[All India Trinamool Congress]] || 39.35% || +8.60 || 34 || +15
|-
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] || 22.71% || −10.1 || 2 || −13
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 16.84% || +10.90 || 2 || +1
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 9.58% || −3.80 || 4 || −2
|}

==Reactions==
===Domestic===
;;Economic
The country's economic indicators were performing well in advance of the result in expectation of a BJP win, on the perception that Modi is business-friendly. The benchmark [[Sensex|BSE Sensex]] and [[CNX Nifty]] indices hit record highs and the [[Indian rupee]] strengthened following months of poor performance.<ref>{{cite web |last=Riley |first=Charles |url=https://money.cnn.com/2014/04/16/investing/india-election/ |title=Election optimism drives India markets despite pitfalls |publisher=CNN |date=16 April 2014 |access-date=2 August 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613164756/https://money.cnn.com/2014/04/16/investing/india-election/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On the result day, as early vote counts gave the BJP a majority lead, the Sensex reached a record high of 25,375.63 points.<ref>[http://www.ianslive.in/index.php?param=news/Sensex_shoots_up_nearly_1000_points_as_BJP_leads-423380/BUSINESS/5 Welcome To IANS Live – BUSINESS – Sensex trims gain to 855 points after breaching 25,000-mark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519002413/http://www.ianslive.in/index.php?param=news/Sensex_shoots_up_nearly_1000_points_as_BJP_leads-423380/BUSINESS/5 |date=19 May 2014 }}. Ianslive.in (16 May 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref> It ended the day at a new closing high of 24,121.74. The Nifty reached a record high of 7,563.50, before ending the day at a new closing high of 7,203.<ref>[http://www.financialexpress.com/news/live-stock-markets-bse-sensex-soars-1100-pts-to-over-25000mark-nifty-breaches-7400-as-lok-sabha-election-results-pour-in/1251234 BSE Sensex, NSE Nifty hit record highs; Rupee at 11-mth peak on Narendra Modi's thumping win] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518224105/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/live-stock-markets-bse-sensex-soars-1100-pts-to-over-25000mark-nifty-breaches-7400-as-lok-sabha-election-results-pour-in/1251234 |date=18 May 2014 }}. Financial Express (16 May 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref> The Indian rupee rose to an 11-month high of 58.62 against the US dollar and closed at 58.79.<ref>[http://www.gulf-times.com/eco.-bus.%20news/256/details/392277/sensex-hits-record-high%3B-rupee-at-11-month-peak Sensex hits record high; rupee at 11-month peak] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518224447/http://www.gulf-times.com/eco.-bus.%20news/256/details/392277/sensex-hits-record-high%3B-rupee-at-11-month-peak |date=18 May 2014 }}. ''Gulf Times''. (16 May 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref> [[Deutsche Bank]] revised its December 2014 target for the Sensex to 28,000, and Macquarie revised its 12-month target for the Nifty to 8,400 from 7,200. [[Edelweiss]] set its December 2014 targets for the Sensex and Nifty at 29,000 and 9,000 respectively.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140518224555/http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2014/05/16/markets-this-week-bhel-sesa-sterlite-top-sensex-gainers/ Markets this week: BHEL, Sesa Sterlite top Sensex gainers | India Insight]. Blogs.reuters.com (16 May 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref>

;;Media
''[[India Times]]'' suggested that the election was watched in Pakistan with Modi being the less popular candidate than AAP's Kejriwal. Comparisons were made between the latter and the [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]]'s [[Imran Khan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/asia/lok-sabha-elections-2014-what-pakistan-thinks-about-the-indian-elections-141973.html |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014: What Pakistan Thinks About the Indian Elections | Asia |work=The Times of India |date=17 April 2014 |access-date=17 April 2014 |archive-date=18 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418090156/http://www.indiatimes.com/news/asia/lok-sabha-elections-2014-what-pakistan-thinks-about-the-indian-elections-141973.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Analysts suggested a high turnout would favour the BJP as it indicates an increase in participation of urban voters who are the party's traditional vote bank. Others have suggested however, that this could indicate an increase in voting amongst the [[Islam in India|150 million Muslims]] that generally support the INC. Varghese K George, the political editor of ''[[The Hindu]]'' said that both readings rely on too many assumptions but that the only reading so far was the BJP was "doing well [and] Modi is managing to make some connection with voters and the Congress is doing pretty badly."<ref>{{cite news |author=Jason Burke in Delhi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/17/more-100-million-vote-biggest-polling-day-indian-elections |title=More than 150 million vote so far on biggest polling day in Indian elections |work=The Guardian |date=17 April 2014 |access-date=14 December 2016 |archive-date=5 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305030800/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/17/more-100-million-vote-biggest-polling-day-indian-elections |url-status=live }}</ref>

;;Politicians
When it became clear that the BJP would win the election, Narendra Modi tweeted, "India has won! ''Bharat ki Vijay''. ''[[Achhe din aane waale hain|Ache din ane wale hai]]'' (good days are ahead)."<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-has-won-good-days-ahead-modi/article6015902.ece India has won! Good days ahead: Modi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520233309/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-has-won-good-days-ahead-modi/article6015902.ece |date=20 May 2014 }}. The Hindu (16 May 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref> This tweet instantly became India's most retweeted Twitter post.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-election-singh-idUSBREA4H02Z20140518 With a dubious legacy, India's 'accidental' premier bows out] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515202540/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-election-singh-idUSBREA4H02Z20140518 |date=15 May 2021 }}. Reuters. Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref> Manmohan Singh congratulated Modi by telephone.<ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/politics/live-manmohan-congratulates-modi-on-huge-bjp-win-1524969.html Election results 2014 LIVE: Manmohan Singh congratulates Modi on huge BJP win] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518211650/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/live-manmohan-congratulates-modi-on-huge-bjp-win-1524969.html |date=18 May 2014 }}. Firstpost (16 May 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140517142518/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/i-have-always-tried-to-do-my-best-says-manmohan-in-farewell-address/article1-1220120.aspx I have always tried to do my best, says Manmohan in farewell address]. Hindustan Times (17 May 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref> Congress President Sonia Gandhi accepted the defeat and congratulated the new government saying, "I congratulate the next government. I take full responsibility for the loss of Congress." Rahul Gandhi also did the same saying, "The new government has been given a mandate by the people. As Congress Vice President I hold myself responsible. The Congress party has done badly."<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/2014-lok-sabha-elections-results-sonia-rahul-gandhi-accept-defeat-congratulate-modi-led-nda/articleshow/35212670.cms 2014 Lok Sabha Elections Results: Sonia & Rahul Gandhi accept defeat; congratulate Modi-led NDA – The Economic Times] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519055851/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/2014-lok-sabha-elections-results-sonia-rahul-gandhi-accept-defeat-congratulate-modi-led-nda/articleshow/35212670.cms |date=19 May 2014 }}. ''The Economic Times''. (16 May 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref>

Although the Congress had been voted out of power in past too, but this was the first time since the [[1977 Indian general election|1977 general elections]] that the Congress did not happen to be the single largest party in terms of percentage of votes obtained. At a voteshare of around 19%, it was the lowest ever share of votes polled by the Congress party nationally since the [[1951–52 Indian general election|country's first general elections]], surpassing the record of 25.82% voteshare polled in [[1998 Indian general election|1998 general elections]]. It was also for the first time in the history of the nation that INC had less than 100 MPs in the Lok Sabha, surpassing the record of 114 seats in [[1999 Indian general election|1999 general elections]]. Since the Congress had won less than 54 seats, it would be also for the first time in the history of the nation that a non-Congress government does not has an official LoP from the INC. Hence these results are considered to be the worst ever performance of the Indian National Congress in its history.

Former Union Minister of Rural Development [[Jairam Ramesh]] said, "I am surprised by the results, especially in Telangana and Jharkhand. There was clearly a Modi effect."<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/election-results-2014-as-sonia-gandhi-rahul-gandhi-accept-blame-party-workers-talk-about-overhaul/articleshow/35221958.cms Election Results 2014: As Sonia Gandhi & Rahul Gandhi accept blame, party workers talk about overhaul – The Economic Times] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520143406/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/election-results-2014-as-sonia-gandhi-rahul-gandhi-accept-blame-party-workers-talk-about-overhaul/articleshow/35221958.cms? |date=20 May 2014 }}. ''The Economic Times''. (17 May 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref> At the [[Congress Working Committee]] (CWC) meeting on 19 May, general secretary Mohan Prakash claimed that Israeli intelligence agency [[Mossad]] and the RSS had been working together since 2009 to defeat the UPA government. Prakash further claimed that this was because of Israel's unhappiness with the UPA government. According to him, this was because the UPA only had limited political [[India–Israel relations|relations with Israel]], unlike the previous NDA government. Outgoing Finance Minister [[P. Chidambaram]] criticised the style of functioning and work culture at the Congress headquarters for the loss, and suggested adopting a more corporate approach. Some Congress members blamed Japanese communication agency [[Dentsu]], which had been hired by the party, at a cost of nearly {{INR}} 6 billion, to handle their election advertising campaign and image makeover of Rahul Gandhi along with another agency [[Burson-Marsteller]]. Chairman of the party's communication department [[Ajay Maken]] harshly criticised Dentsu India executive chairman Rohit Ohri for a "spineless campaign". [[Priya Dutt]], Secretary of the party's communication department, pointed out the gap between the people and the Congress leadership stating, "We need to bridge that gap. We need to bring that right up to the leadership. There is a lot of criticism. We have to look at where we have gone wrong in the past 10 years."<ref name="dnaindia2">{{cite news|last=Gilani|first=Iftikhar|title=Is Israel's intelligence agency Mossad behind Congress' defeat in the Lok Sabha Elections? One Congressman thinks so|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-congress-pins-blame-on-mossad-among-others-for-poor-show-in-the-lok-sabha-elections-2014-1990620|access-date=23 May 2014|newspaper=DNA|date=23 May 2014|agency=DNA|location=New Delhi}}</ref> ''[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]]'' described the accusations against Mossad, RSS and Dentsu as "bizarre theories", and noted that "everyone except vice-president Rahul Gandhi has been held responsible for their crushing defeat."<ref name="dnaindia2" />

Union minister in the outgoing government [[Milind Deora]] told ''The Indian Express'' on 21 May that although "many factors" led to the party's defeat and Rahul's leadership alone could not be blamed, "it was not about one person's image but the people surrounding that person also. Deora stated that many party members felt that the decision makers in the party had "no electoral experience...no stature, standing, respect and credibility in the party". He accused the people who "were in charge of important departments and held key positions" of not listening to party cadres and MPs, which he believed prevented a "diverse opinion" from being heard and "shut out a lot of people". Deora stated, "A lot of us felt our voices were never heard. We felt our voices don't matter. This has to change. The MPs and ministers should not feel we are being not heard. It is not the advisors alone. The people who take the advice also have to bear responsibility. Those who gave advice and those who received the advice as also those who feel they can give better advice – all have to bear responsibility." Deora felt the party had to "open up" and "promote avenues for dissent and debate internally". When asked who was to blame, Deora said, "there are many people from top to bottom ... there was lack of coordination and the response was slow ... there was a very unresponsive attitude. ... the buck stops with the party."<ref>{{cite news|title=Milind Deora first to speak out: Rahul Gandhi advisers wrong, so were people they advised|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/milind-deora-first-to-speak-out-rahul-advisers-wrong-so-were-people-they-advised/99/|access-date=23 May 2014|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=22 May 2014|author=Manoj C G|location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Milind Deora blames Rahul Gandhi's advisors for Congress rout|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/milind-deora-blames-rahul-gandhis-advisors-for-congress-rout/articleshow/35473776.cms|access-date=23 May 2014|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=22 May 2014}}</ref> Although this statement received support from several Congress members, Deora clarified on Twitter, "My comments are out of emotions of deep loyalty to the party, pain of our performance & a sincere desire to see us bounce back. Nothing more." Senior party leader [[Satyavrat Chaturvedi]] expressed hope that an "honest and ruthless introspection" would be carried out fix the problems. He further stated that while Deora's statement may not have been fully correct, a "large portion of what he said is correct". Congress members such as Jairam Ramesh, [[Madan Gopal Singh|Madan Gopal]] and [[Kanishka Singh]] criticised Rahul Gandhi's aides.<ref name="dnaindia2"/>

;;Individuals
[[Rajnikanth]] congratulated Narendra Modi on Twitter for his "historic win". The actor also congratulated Jayalalithaa for her party's performance in the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rajnikanth-congratulates-narendra-modi-on-twitter-for-historic-win-1988958|title=Rajnikanth congratulates Narendra Modi on Twitter for historic win|date=16 May 2014|work=dna|access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref> Tamil actor [[Dhanush]] also tweeted congratulations to Modi. Several Bollywood celebrities including Subhash Ghai, Vishal Dadalani, Lata Mangeshkar, Ranvir Shorey, Vivek Oberoi, Baba Sehgal, Shekhar Kapur, Arshad Warsi, Preity Zinta, Arjun Rampal, Farhan Akhtar, Karan Johar, Sangeeth Sivan, Kabir Bedi, Anupam Kher, Madhur Bhandarkar, Atul Kasbekar and Pritish Nandy tweeted congratulations to Modi and the BJP for their victory.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/bollywood-congratulates-Narendra-Modi/photostory/35211867.cms|title=Bollywood congratulates Narendra Modi|website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref>

President of Film Federation of India Ravi Kottarakara congratulated Modi "on behalf of the entire Indian film fraternity". CEO of the Film & TV Producers Guild of India Kulmmet Makkar described the "clear mandate" as being "great" for the Indian film industry. He also expressed "positive hopes" from the new government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/cannes-2014/story/bollywood-narendra-modi-bjp-cannes-best-wishes-sudhir-mishra-193293-2014-05-17|title=Bollywood's best wishes for Modi all the way from Cannes|date=17 May 2014 |access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref>

===International===
*{{flagu|Afghanistan|2013}} – President [[Hamid Karzai]] sent congratulations. Karzai, who attended school in [[Shimla]], spoke to Modi in Hindi.<ref name="asianage1">{{cite news|url=http://www.asianage.com/india/world-leaders-call-narendra-modi-499|title=World leaders call up Narendra Modi|newspaper=[[The Asian Age]]|date=17 May 2014|access-date=10 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517153511/http://www.asianage.com/india/world-leaders-call-narendra-modi-499|archive-date=17 May 2014}}</ref> Spokesperson Aimal Faizi tweeted, "President #Karzai extends his warm Congratulations to @narendramodi on victory in elections. Afghans always regard #India as a true friend"<ref name="businessstandard1">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/world-leaders-congratulate-modi-roundup-114051601822_1.html|title=World leaders congratulate Modi (Roundup)|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=16 May 2014|access-date=21 May 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagu|Australia}} – Prime Minister [[Tony Abbott]] called Modi to congratulate him. He tweeted, "I've spoken to @narendramodi and congratulated him on his success. I look forward to strengthening ties between India and Australia". He further said that he was looking forward to meet Modi during the upcoming [[G-20 Summit]] to be held in [[Brisbane]] in November 2014.<ref name="businessstandard1"/><ref name="outlook1"/>
*{{flagu|Bangladesh}} – Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] wrote, "The decisive verdict given by the people of your great country is a strong testimony to your dynamic, inspiring and visionary leadership qualities and manifestation of the trust and confidence reposed in you by the people of the largest democracy in the world. I am delighted to see a great friend of Bangladesh leading an extremely friendly country, India, in the coming days."<ref name="indianexpress1">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/barack-obama-dials-modi-modi/|title=Barack Obama dials Modi|first=Shubhajit|last=Roy|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=17 May 2014|access-date=21 May 2014}}</ref> She further stated, "I hope that you would find my country your second home and first destination for your official visit abroad".<ref name="outlook1"/> Hasina also sent a separate letter to BJP President [[Rajnath Singh]] congratulating him and party members for their "landslide victory", on behalf of the [[Bangladesh Awami League]].<ref name="businessstandard1"/> Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) chief [[Khaleda Zia]], and the [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami|Jamaat-e-Islami]] also sent messages congratulating Modi.<ref name="outlook1"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Habib |first=Haroon |author-link=Haroon Habib |date=17 May 2014 |title=Make Dhaka first stop: Hasina tells Modi |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/south-asia/make-dhaka-first-stop-hasina-tells-modi/article6017521.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=21 May 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagu|Bhutan}} – Prime Minister [[Tshering Tobgay]] and King [[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]] called Modi and congratulated him on his victory.<ref name="outlook1">{{cite magazine|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=840952|title=Wishes Pour in For Modi From Leaders Across The World|magazine=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=16 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517161017/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=840952|archive-date=17 May 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagu|Brunei}} – Brunei Sultan [[Hassanal Bolkiah]] sent a message of congratulations to Modi. In his message, the Sultan wished Modi success and looked forward to working with him to strengthen long-standing ties of friendship and co-operation between Brunei and India, including through work in the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] and the Asean-India Dialogue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/05/27/brunei-sultan-congratulates-new-indian-pm/|title=Brunei Sultan congratulates new Indian PM|work=[[The Borneo Post]]|agency=[[Bernama]]|date=27 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagu|Canada}} – Canadian High Commissioner Stewart Beck said, "I had the pleasure to meet with Modi during his time as the Chief Minister of Gujarat and I look forward to working with him to grow Canada's bilateral relationship with India. I also wish to congratulate the people of India on exercising their right to vote and showing the world the strength of their democratic system."<ref name="outlook1"/> Prime minister [[Stephen Harper]] sent a congratulatory message to Modi on 17 May.<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Abe-Hollande-greet-Modi/articleshow/35358572.cms|title=Abe, Hollande greet Modi|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagu|China}} – Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson [[Hua Chunying]] said, "China is willing to make joint efforts with the new Indian government, maintain high level exchanges, deepen cooperation in all areas and bring the China-India strategic partnership to new height."<ref name="indianexpress1"/> The Chinese government formally congratulated Modi on 23 May. The Chinese government had been waiting for Modi to be officially be sworn in before issuing a formal message, as they were conscious of protocol. Modi made four visits to China during his tenure as Chief Minister of Gujarat, resulting in over US$900 million worth of Chinese investments in Gujarat.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-china-formally-greets-narendra-modi-sends-message-though-indian-envoy-1990761|title=China formally greets Narendra Modi; sends message though Indian envoy|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis|dna]]|date=23 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref> Premier Li Keqiang congratulated Modi on 26 May. He stated that China viewed India as a "natural cooperative partner" and expressed his desire to work together for "peaceful, cooperative and common development" that would "not only bring benefits to their own people but also contribute to peace, stability and prosperity of Asia and beyond".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/chinese-pm-congratulates-narendra-modi-vows-to-take-ties-to-new-level/articleshow/35622280.cms|title=Chinese PM congratulates Narendra Modi; vows to take ties to new level|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=26 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagu|Denmark}} – Prime Minister [[Helle Thorning-Schmidt]] called Modi and congratulated him on his victory.<ref name="outlook1"/><ref name="indianexpress1"/>
*{{flagu|France}} – French Ambassador to India [[François Richier]] stated, "This massive vote of confidence highlights the vitality of Indian democracy. France is keen to work hand in hand with the new Indian leadership. Paris statement will follow formal announcement by Election Commission."<ref name="outlook1"/> President [[Francois Hollande]] congratulated Modi by telephone on 19 May. He invited him to come to France "when he wished". French Embassy officials stated, "He [Hollande] confirmed that he [Modi] would have France's support in the task at hand and reiterated his commitment to the strategic partnership and friendship between France and India, a partner and ally of France."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/vladimir-putin-french-president-francois-hollande-congratulate-narendra-modi/articleshow/35349665.cms|title=Vladimir Putin, French President Francois Hollande congratulate Narendra Modi|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=19 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagu|Germany}} – On 15 May, the day prior to the results being declared, German Ambassador to India Michael Steiner stated, "An elected Prime Minister of India does not need a visa for Germany, he is welcome there".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/narendra-modi-as-pm-wont-need-visa-to-visit-germany-german-envoy-michael-steiner/articleshow/35172048.cms|title=Narendra Modi as PM won't need visa to visit Germany: German envoy Michael Steiner|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=15 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=840914|title=Modi as PM Won't Need Visa to Visit Germany: Envoy|work=Outlook|date=15 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519114543/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=840914|archive-date=19 May 2014}}</ref> Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]] called Modi on 19 May, congratulated him on his victory and invited him to Berlin.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-05-19/amid-indias-euphoria-can-modi-live-up-to-economic-expectations|title=Amid India's Euphoria, Can Modi Live Up to Economic Expectations?|first=Bruce|last=Einhorn|magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|date=19 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagu|Israel}} – Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] telephoned Narendra Modi to congratulate him.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/world/1.591033|title=Netanyahu congratulates Narendra Modi for victory in India election|agency=Reuters|work=[[Haaretz]]|date=16 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516165323/http://www.haaretz.com/news/world/1.591033|archive-date=16 May 2014|access-date=10 November 2014}}</ref> A statement read, "He [Netanyahu] said that he was looking forward to work with Mr. Modi and enhance bilateral cooperation".<ref name="businessstandard1"/>
*{{flagu|Japan}} – Prime Minister [[Shinzo Abe]] called Modi and congratulated him on his victory.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/election-beat/us-congratulates-bjp-on-twitter/article1-1219982.aspx|title=White House congratulates BJP on Twitter|first=Yashwant|last=Raj|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=16 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527150808/http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/election-beat/us-congratulates-bjp-on-twitter/article1-1219982.aspx|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-Ed-Contributors/A-new-beginning-in-India-352647|title=A new beginning in India|first=Sarosh|last=Bana|newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|date=18 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagu|Malaysia}} – Prime Minister [[Najib Razak]] congratulated Modi and the BJP on Twitter, and also stated that he was "looking forward to continuing strong Malaysia-India partnership" under the new government.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nst.com.my/latest/najib-congratulates-narendra-modi-for-winning-india-elections-1.599589|title=Najib congratulates Narendra Modi for winning India elections|newspaper=[[New Straits Times]]|date=17 May 2014|access-date=18 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517221309/http://www.nst.com.my/latest/najib-congratulates-narendra-modi-for-winning-india-elections-1.599589|archive-date=17 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/najib-extends-warm-congratulations-indian-pm-modi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519112357/http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/najib-extends-warm-congratulations-indian-pm-modi|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 May 2014|title=Najib extends warm congratulations to Indian PM Modi|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|publisher=[[AsiaOne]]|date=18 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagu|Maldives}} – President [[Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom]] congratulated Modi and sent wishes for "every success and prosperity". The President stated that India had chosen "the most proficient leadership".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/54850|title=President congratulates Modi, assures support|newspaper=[[Haveeru Daily]]|date=17 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520222228/http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/54850|archive-date=20 May 2014}}</ref> Modi was also congratulated by former President [[Mohamed Nasheed]] on Twitter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/54852|title=Will work towards strengthening ties with Maldives: Modi|first=Farah|last=Ahmed|newspaper=Haveeru Daily|date=17 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524104008/http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/54852|archive-date=24 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/54879|title=Maldives-India relations will strengthen in future, says ambassador|first=Ali|last=Naafiz|newspaper=Haveeru Daily|date=18 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524105330/http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/54879|archive-date=24 May 2014}}</ref> Indian High Commissioner to the Maldives Rajeev Shahare stated that relations between the countries would strengthen under the new prime minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/article/article_xinhua.aspx?id=219207|title=Maldives, India pledge stronger ties under Modi|newspaper=[[Shanghai Daily]]|date=19 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagu|Mauritius}} – Prime Minister Navinchandra Ramgoolam sent a message to Modi on 16 May, congratulating Modi for "the impressive and well-deserved victory of his party". Ramgoolam stated that "these elections in the largest democracy of the world are yet again a testimony to the exceptional robustness of Indian democracy", and added that "Mauritius applauds and commends India for upholding her acclaimed democratic credentials to which Mauritius feels particularly attached". He further stated "your electoral victory is a defining moment in the contemporary history of your great country. It certainly reflects the trust that the people place in you to chart the future course of your nation. You embody the politics of hope and delivery to your people in their aspirations for development and prosperity".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.mu/English/News/Pages/Dr-Ramgoolam-congratulates-Prime-Minister-%E2%80%93-Elect-of-India,-Shri-Narendra-Modi.aspx|title=Dr Ramgoolam congratulates Prime Minister – Elect of India, Shri Narendra Modi|publisher=Government of Mauritius|date=19 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525233902/http://www.gov.mu/English/News/Pages/Dr-Ramgoolam-congratulates-Prime-Minister-%E2%80%93-Elect-of-India,-Shri-Narendra-Modi.aspx|archive-date=25 May 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagu|Nepal}} – Prime Minister [[Sushil Koirala]] congratulated Narendra Modi on his victory and invited him to visit Nepal. President [[Ram Baran Yadav]] also called Modi and BJP President Rajnath Singh to congratulate them on the BJP's victory.<ref>{{cite news|title=Koirala congratulates Modi, invites him to Nepal|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/05/19/fullnews/koirala-congratulates-modi-invites-him-to-nepal/389731.html|access-date=19 May 2014|newspaper=The Kathmandu Post|date=19 May 2014|archive-date=20 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520004806/http://ekantipur.com/2014/05/19/fullnews/koirala-congratulates-modi-invites-him-to-nepal/389731.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagu|New Zealand}} – Prime Minister [[John Key]] congratulated Modi by letter. Key expressed hope that the two countries would be able to negotiate a free trade agreement, which they began discussing in 2010. However, talks later stalled and the last round of discussions was held in July 2013. The Prime Minister stated, "We are sort of hopeful we can reignite the free trade agreement with Modi as the new Prime Minister. He has obviously been very pro-business and he has had an overwhelming mandate delivered to him so you can see the Indian people want and expect to see high levels of economic growth. One of those things is trade, so we are certainly going to be taking it up with the new Indian Government at the appropriate time."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/politics/news/article.cfm?c_id=280&objectid=11257799|title=PM 'hopeful' India's new leader will kickstart FTA talks|first=Claire|last=Trevett|newspaper=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=19 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.nbr.co.nz/article/nz-dust-india-fta-following-modi-win-bd-156391|title=NZ to dust off India FTA following Modi win|newspaper=[[National Business Review]]|date=20 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521133032/http://m.nbr.co.nz/article/nz-dust-india-fta-following-modi-win-bd-156391|archive-date=21 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagu|Norway}} – Prime Minister [[Erna Solberg]] called Modi and congratulated him on his victory.<ref name="outlook1"/>
*{{flagu|Pakistan}} – Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]] congratulated Modi and offered good wishes on the BJP's "impressive victory". Sharif also invited Modi to visit Pakistan.<ref name="indianexpress1"/>
* {{flagu|Qatar}} – Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa al-Thani congratulated Modi on his party's victory in the general election in a telephone conversation.<ref name="indianexpress1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/news/qatar/284012/pm-greets-modi-on-poll-victory|title=PM greets Modi on poll victory|newspaper=[[The Peninsula (newspaper)|The Peninsula]]|date=17 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140517075450/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/news/qatar/284012/pm-greets-modi-on-poll-victory|archive-date=17 May 2014}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Russia}} – President [[Vladimir Putin]] congratulated Modi and the BJP on the election victory gave a high assessment of the traditionally friendly ties between Russia and India. These ties have a foundation in the Declaration on Strategic Partnership, which was signed while the BJP was in power and set a development course for bilateral relations for years to come.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/7192|title=Congratulations to Narendra Modi on the Bharatiya Janata Party's win in India's general election|publisher=Kremlin|date=19 May 2014|access-date=19 May 2014}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Singapore}} – Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]] congratulated Modi and the BJP on Twitter and Facebook, and also stated that he was "looking forward to working with the new Indian Government to strengthen India-Singapore relations". Modi replied to the tweet stating, "@leehsienloong Thank you very much. Singapore is a valued friend & I am sure we will make our ties stronger in the times to come".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/singapore-pm-lee-hsien-loong-congratulates-narendra-modi-bjp-on-lok-sabha-success/articleshow/35255692.cms|title=Singapore PM Lee Hsien Loong congratulates Narendra Modi, BJP on Lok Sabha success|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=17 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/singapore-pm-congratulates-modi/article6020361.ece|title=Singapore PM congratulates Modi|newspaper=[[Business Line]]|date=17 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-singapore-pm-lee-hsien-loong-congratulates-narendra-modi-1989238|title=Singapore PM Lee Hsien Loong congratulates Narendra Modi|publisher=dna|date=17 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref> Former Prime Minister [[Goh Chok Tong]] wrote, "I recall our meetings and frank exchange of views since 2006 when I visited Gujarat. You have always shown a strong resolve to bring economic prosperity to the Indian people.... I am confident that you will lead India to greater heights as Prime Minister, and further build on the excellent ties between our two countries."<ref name="indiatimes1"/>
* {{flagu|South Africa}} – President [[Jacob Zuma]] said in a statement on 17 May, "With India under the leadership of Mr Modi, the Government of South Africa looks forward to consolidating the strong bilateral political and economic relations that exist between our two sister Republics."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://citizen.co.za/179623/zuma-congradulates-indias-prime-minister-elect-narendra-modi/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520224158/http://citizen.co.za/179623/zuma-congradulates-indias-prime-minister-elect-narendra-modi/|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 May 2014|title=Zuma congradulates [sic] India's Prime Minister-elect Narendra Modi|newspaper=[[The Citizen (South Africa)|The Citizen]]|date=18 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201405190656.html|title=South Africa: SA Eyes Stronger Ties With New Indian Govt|publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]|date=18 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201405191630.html|title=South Africa: Zuma Congratulates India's New Prime Minister-Elect|publisher=AllAfrica.com|date=19 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Spain}} – President [[Mariano Rajoy]] sent a letter congratulating Modi on his "brilliant victory" in the election. Rajoy expressed his admiration for the "democratic spirit that reigned over such a complex election process". The President concluded his letter stating that he was looking forward to meeting Modi in person and offered his "warmest regards and deepest personal respect".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noodls.com/view/70B0E73871431316D6038E4285E76342601884B2?2169xxx1400583306|title=Mariano Rajoy congratulates winner in Indian elections|work=Prime Minister's Office of Spain|publisher=Noodls|date=20 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20140519/54408091121/rajoy-conversa-con-primer-ministro-de-la-india-y-le-invita-a-visitar-espana.html|title=Rajoy conversa con primer ministro de la India y le invita a visitar España|language=es|work=La Vanguardia|date=19 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://noticias.lainformacion.com/politica/ministros-gobierno/rajoy-comparte-con-el-primer-ministro-indio-la-necesidad-de-reformas-y-de-favorecer-a-la-empresa-privada_G5Aa9Y9mNzVq0oMwTlHgZ/|title=Rajoy comparte con el primer ministro indio 'la necesidad de reformas' y de "favorecer a la empresa privada"|language=es|publisher=lainformacion.com|date=19 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521124155/http://noticias.lainformacion.com/politica/ministros-gobierno/rajoy-comparte-con-el-primer-ministro-indio-la-necesidad-de-reformas-y-de-favorecer-a-la-empresa-privada_G5Aa9Y9mNzVq0oMwTlHgZ/|archive-date=21 May 2014}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Sri Lanka}} – President [[Mahinda Rajapaksa]] called Modi and congratulated him for a "great" victory.<ref name="outlook1"/> The President tweeted, "Called @narendramodi a short while ago; Congratulated on BJP victory & invited for a state visit to #SriLanka"<ref name="indianexpress1"/>
* {{flagu|Tibet}} – Tibetan Prime Minister-in-exile [[Lobsang Sangay]] thanked the UPA government "or their unwavering support for the Tibetan people during its two full terms", and also congratulated the BJP-led NDA for their victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-tibetan-administration-congratulates-narendra-modi-1989078|title=Tibetan administration congratulates Narendra Modi|publisher=dna|date=16 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=34878&article=Tibetan+exile+government+congratulates+Modi+on+historic+BJP+win|title=Tibetan exile government congratulates Modi on historic BJP win|publisher=[[Phayul.com]]|date=16 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014|archive-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531124631/http://phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=34878&article=Tibetan+exile+government+congratulates+Modi+on+historic+BJP+win|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagu|United Kingdom}} – Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] called Modi and congratulated him on the "election success" and stated that he was keen on working together,<ref name="indianexpress1"/> one of the first Western leaders to do.<ref name="nytimes1">{{cite news|url=http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/05/19/in-modis-twitter-diplomacy-some-notable-omissions/|title=In Modi's Twitter Diplomacy, A Notable Omission|first=Nida|last=Najar|newspaper=The New York Times|date=19 May 2014|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref> A spokesperson stated, "The prime minister called Narendra Modi this morning to congratulate him on his victory in the Indian elections and the record turnout, making this the biggest democratic election in history. Modi said he would be delighted to accept the Prime Minister's invitation to visit the UK. Both leaders agreed on the importance of the UK-India relationship and agreed to work together to strengthen it in the months ahead." Cameron also tweeted using his official account, "Congratulations @narendramodi on victory in India's elections. Keen to work together to get the most from UK-India relationship". British Foreign Minister William Hague stated, "I congratulate Narendra Modi and the BJP on their success and look forward to forging an even closer partnership with India in the months ahead. UK has strong ties with India and the British government looks forward to working with the new Indian government to build on this relationship and deliver security, growth and prosperity for both our nations."<ref name="businessstandard1"/>
*{{flagu|United States}} – White House Press Secretary [[Jay Carney]] said, "We congratulate Narendra Modi and the BJP on winning a majority of seats in this historic election. Once the government is formed, we look forward to working closely with the prime minister and the Cabinet to advance our strong bilateral relationship based on shared democratic values. The prime minister of India will be welcomed to the US."<ref name="indianexpress1"/> The White House National Security Council tweeted, "US congratulates BJP on its victory in India's historic election. We look forward to working with government once formed to advance our partnership".<ref name="asianage1"/><ref name="outlook1"/> Secretary of State [[John Kerry]] tweeted, "Congrats to @narendramodi and BJP. Look forward to working w/you/growing shared prosperity/security w/world's largest democracy".<ref name="outlook1"/>

Narendra Modi responded to each tweet from world leaders thanking them for their support. The media reported the order in which Modi responded to the tweets, and noted that Barack Obama was the last to receive a reply from him. ''The New York Times'' observed that "the order in which he thanked them and one notable omission, later rectified, was more interesting than the content of the tweets themselves." The paper further stated, "The silence underscored what will be uncomfortable diplomatic theater in the weeks and months to come. The United States refused to issue Mr. Modi a visa in 2005 as a response to his alleged role in the 2002 Gujarat riots. As Mr. Modi's star rose in the past year, American leaders reached out, but a thaw on Mr. Modi's side has been almost imperceptible."<ref name="nytimes1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/modi-reaches-out-to-world-leaders-on-twitter-ignores-pakistan-1533361.html|title=Modi reaches out to world leaders on Twitter, ignores Pakistan|work=Firstpost|date=20 May 2014 |access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref> State Department Spokesperson [[Jen Psaki]] said, "I think our relationship between the United States and India is so strong and enduring we won't worry about the Twitter rank order".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/relationship-with-india-strong-and-enduring-us_933484.html|title=Relationship with India strong and enduring: US|work=Zee News|date=20 May 2014 |access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref> John Kerry reiterated the United States' willingness to work with the new government as well as the importance of India-US relations on 20 May. He also added that he was looking forward to returning to India soon and "echo President Obama's invitation to Prime Minister Modi to visit the United States at the earliest opportunity." ''The Times of India'' noted that the first leader to receive a tweet from Modi was David Cameron. The United Kingdom was among the first countries to end a US-led diplomatic boycott of Modi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/US-renews-invitation-to-Narendra-Modi-despite-cool-non-response-to-first-invite/articleshow/35401457.cms|title=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com is temporarily unavailable|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 May 2014 |access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref> ''Mint'' stated that Modi's "more expansive responses" were to the leaders of Japan and Russia. According to former foreign secretary Lalit Mansingh, "It is natural that Modi feels affinity with some leaders who are strong leaders, proudly nationalistic, trying to fix the economy with firm measures."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/L2FObxBlZFsa64W8lmViqM/Narendra-Modi-and-the-art-of-Twiplomacy.html|title=Narendra Modi and the art of Twiplomacy|first=Elizabeth|last=Roche|work=livemint.com|date=20 May 2014|access-date=22 July 2016}}</ref>

; International media
Prior to the announcement of the result, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' highlighted "...2014 will be the biggest year in the history of democracy, with more people than ever before going to the polls to decide their own fate...this really looks to be one of the most fascinating political events this year, and not just because of its scale...It's a fascinating moment in democracy, and one that shouldn't be ignored".<ref name="wpost">{{cite news|last=Taylor |first=Adam |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/04/10/5-reasons-you-should-be-following-indias-jaw-droppingly-enormous-elections/ |title=5 reasons you should be following India's jaw-droppingly enormous elections |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=7 April 2014}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' added that "the sheer size of the electorate makes this election the largest ever in the world and an inspiring celebration of universal adult suffrage," but also wrote "lurking behind the feel-good spectacle is the reality that India's elections are awash in illegal cash, serious violence and dirty tricks."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/17/world/asia/female-candidate-navigates-hurdle-filled-campaign-trail-in-india.html|title=Political Novice in India Meets a Gritty Reality on the Campaign Trail – The New York Times |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=16 April 2014 |access-date=19 August 2018 |last1=Harris |first1=Gardiner }}</ref> ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]'' wrote of the election that the "process is awesome in its complexity, and the campaigns have given rise to robust debate...But here's something else not to miss: It's all pretty damn colorful." It highlighted five reasons that make the election interesting: Kejriwal's effect, Modi's wife; exit polls are barred but betting on the future prime minister was not and Modi was in the lead; "vote buying" through cash, alcohol or other means; and [[3D computer graphics|3D]] campaigning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-14/indias-elections-five-reasons-theyre-more-interesting-than-yours |title=India's Elections: Five Reasons They're More Interesting Than Yours |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=14 April 2014}}</ref> It also predicted better [[India-Japan relations|relations with Japan]] at the expense of [[China–India relations|relations with China]] under Modi,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-10/india-under-narendra-modi-could-be-japans-best-friend |title=India Under Narendra Modi Could Be Japan's Best Friend |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=10 April 2014}}</ref> and asked whether a redefinition of [[India and nuclear weapons|India's nuclear weapons program]] would result from the elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-09/will-indias-elections-redefine-its-nuclear-weapons-program |title=Will India's Elections Redefine Its Nuclear Weapons Program? |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=9 April 2014}}</ref>

An editorial in the ''[[China Daily]]'', the Chinese government's official English-language newspaper, compared Modi's "preoccupation with development" with China's "own experiences and development philosophy", and argued that this had "inspired unprecedented optimism here over our South Asian neighbour's growth potential". The paper also argued that "western rhetoric" which stated that both countries were "destined to stand against each other" had been proven wrong by the fact that India and China had "by and large, managed their differences well over the decades". It also welcomed Modi's invitation to Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to attend his swearing-in ceremony.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/china-looks-forward-to-building-ties-with-modi-government/article6053814.ece|title=China looks forward to building ties with Modi Government|first=Ananth|last=Krishnan|work=The Hindu|date=27 May 2014 |access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref>

;Individuals and organisations
The [[14th Dalai Lama]] sent a letter congratulating Modi for the BJP's "decisive victory". The Dalai Lama expressed hope that just as Modi had brought development and prosperity to Gujarat, India would continue to "flourish and prosper" under his leadership.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/dalai-lama-congratulates-narendra-modi-526014|title=Dalai Lama Congratulates Narendra Modi|date=17 May 2014|work=NDTV.com|access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetibetpost.com/news/international/4042-his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-congratulates-narendra-modi|title=His Holiness the Dalai Lama congratulates Narendra Modi|date=19 May 2014 |access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140517/nation-politics/article/dalai-lama-writes-narendra-modi-congratulates-him-stunning-victory|title=Dalai Lama writes to Narendra Modi, congratulates him for stunning victory|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=17 May 2014 |access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.niticentral.com/2014/05/17/the-dalai-lama-congratulates-narendra-modi-224487.html|title=Search|work=India News Analysis Opinions on Niti Central|access-date=16 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714191744/http://www.niticentral.com/2014/05/17/the-dalai-lama-congratulates-narendra-modi-224487.html|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>

The [[American Jewish Committee]] (AJC) congratulated Narendra Modi, and expressed hope that his leadership would further strengthen India's relations with the US and Israel. Director of AJC's Asia Pacific Institute (API) Shira Loewenberg stated, "We look forward to working with Modi and the new government to further strengthen and deepen India's extensive relations with the United States and Israel. BJP has long been a friend to Israel and the Jewish people."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/16/ajc-stmnt-india-elec-idUSnPnnGBCG+4f+PRN20140516 |title=AJC Congratulates Narendra Modi on Election as Indian Prime Minister |work=Reuters |date=16 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714222441/https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/16/ajc-stmnt-india-elec-idUSnPnnGBCG%2B4f%2BPRN20140516 |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/other-news/American-Jewish-advocacy-group-keen-to-work-with-Modi/articleshow/35298155.cms|title=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com is temporarily unavailable|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 May 2014 |access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref>

==Government formation==
{{Further|First swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi|First Modi ministry}}
Manmohan Singh tendered his resignation to President Pranab Mukherjee on 17 May. He continued as caretaker Prime Minister, at the request of the President, until 26 May 2014, when Narendra Modi and his cabinet were sworn to office.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304811904579585911595004286?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304811904579585911595004286.html Narendra Modi Sworn in as Prime Minister of India], ''The Wall Street Journal'', 26 May 2014</ref>

===Support for the new government===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Political Party
!Seats
!Alliance
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|282
| rowspan="11" |[[National Democratic Alliance]]
|-
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]
|18
|-
|[[Telugu Desham Party]]
|17
|-
|[[Lok Janshakti Party]]
|6
|-
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|4
|-
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi|Pattali Makkal Katchi(PMK)]]
|1
|-
|[[Naga People's Front]]
|1
|-
|[[National People's Party (India)]]
|1
|-
|Some other small parties
|7
|-
|Total
|'''337'''
|
|}
Though the above parties supported BJP, BJP had already won 282 seats (more than the majority number required) hence BJP did not need their support, also the new Prime Minister didn't include them in [[First Modi ministry|Council of Ministers]]. This situation was different from [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], he had to include many parties of NDA in his cabinet, due to lack of seats.

==See also==
*[[List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* [[Rajdeep Sardesai|Sardesai, Rajdeep]]. ''[[2014: The Election that Changed India]]'' [https://www.amazon.com/2014-Election-That-Changed-India-ebook/dp/B00NBSPDPA/ excerpt]
* Sridharan, Eswaran. "Behind Modi's Victory." ''Journal of Democracy'' (2014) 24#4 pp: 20–33. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150112142754/https://casi.sas.upenn.edu/sites/casi.sas.upenn.edu/files/upiasi/Journal%20of%20Democracy,%20Sridharan%20article%202014.pdf Online]
* Gabriel, Karen and P K Vijayan "Made in India to Make in India: The Meanings of Moditva", ''Exemplar: The Journal of South Asian Studies'', Vol. 2, no 3, Spring 2015.

==External links==
* [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/index.aspx Election Commission of India website]
* [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/ListofElectedMembers_%20fromE-gazette.pdf List of Members Elected General Election of the 16th Lok Sabha, 2014]

{{2014 Indian general election}}
{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:2014 Indian general election| ]]
[[Category:2014 elections in India|General]]
[[Category:April 2014 in India|General]]
[[Category:May 2014 in India|General]]
[[Category:General elections in India]]

Muhammad Munir Nanautavi

2026-04-11T13:17:34Z

KellyePoindexter: adding new data!

{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar and freedom fighter (1831–1904)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Muhammad Munir Nanautavi
| image =
| birth_date = 1247 AH / 1831 CE
| birth_place = Nanauta, British India
| death_date = 1321 AH / 1904 CE (approx.)
| occupation = Islamic scholar, Sufi, administrator
| main_interests = Islamic scholarship, Sufism
| notable_works = ''Siraj al-Salikin'', ''Fawa'id-e-Ghariba''
| influences = [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi]], [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]]
| teachers = [[Mamluk Ali Nanautavi]], [[Sadruddin Khan Azurda Dehlawi]], Shah Abdul Ghani Dehlavi
| relatives = [[Siddiqi family of Nanauta#Hafiz Lutf Ali|Siddiqi family of Nanauta]]
| office1 = Rector of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| term_start1 = 1894
| term_end1 = 1895
| predecessor1 = [[Fazl-e-Haque Deobandi]]
| successor1 = [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]]
| religion =[[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
| movement = [[Deobandi]]
}}

'''Muhammad Munir Nanautavi''' (1831–1904) was an Indian Islamic scholar, administrator, and freedom fighter associated with the [[Deobandi movement]]. He was a disciple of prominent scholars such as [[Mamluk Ali Nanautavi]], [[Sadruddin Khan Azurda Dehlawi]], and Shah Abdul Ghani Dehlavi. He actively participated in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and played a key role in the [[Battle of Shamli]]. Following the uprising, he devoted himself to education and became a teacher at [[Bareilly College]]. In 1894, he was appointed the fourth rector (''muhtamim'') of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], a position he held for a brief period before resigning in 1895. He was also known for his contributions to Islamic literature, particularly in Sufism and Hanafi jurisprudence.

== Early life and education ==
Muhammad Munir was born in 1831 in [[Nanauta]], a town in present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rizwi |first1=Syed Mehboob |author1-link=Syed Mehboob Rizwi |translator= Murtaz Hussain F Qureshi |volume= 2 |title=History of Dar al Ulum Deoband |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/2VolumeBookOnTheHistoryOfDarAlUlumDeoband/HistoryOfTheDarulUloomDeoband-VolumeTwo1981/page/n180/mode/1up |year=1981 |publisher=Idara-e-Ehtemam |location=Darul Uloom Deoband |edition=1st|page=169|chapter=Haji Sayyid Fazl Haque Deobandi|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah |author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2/page/n503/mode/1up |title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jame O Mukhtasar Tareekh |publisher=Shaikh-Ul-Hind Academy |edition=3rd|date= October 2020 |location=India |language=ur|oclc=1345466013|page=503}}</ref>

Nanautavi was the younger brother of [[Mazhar Nanautawi]].{{Sfn|Deobandi|1960|p=336}} He received his early education from his father, Hafiz Lutf Ali, in Nanauta and later studied under renowned scholars in Delhi, including [[Mamluk Ali Nanautavi]], [[Sadruddin Khan Azurda Dehlawi]], and Shah Abdul Ghani Dehlavi.{{Sfn|ar-Rahman|1976|p=607}}{{Sfn|Mubarakpuri|2021|p=425}}

== Career ==
=== Role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 ===
Nanautavi actively participated in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and fought in the [[Battle of Shamli]].{{Sfn|Rizwi|1981|pp=169–170}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=ar-Rahman |first1=Fuyūz|title=Mashāhīr-e-Ulama-e-Deoband|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/mashaheer-ulama-e-deoband-qari-fuyuzur-rahman-ebooks |year=1976|volume=1|publisher=Azīzia Book Depot|location=Urdu Bazar, [[Lahore]] |page=607|contribution=Maulana Muhammad Munir Nanautavi|language=ur}}</ref>

During the battle, he was appointed as the commander of the left flank (Maysera) of the rebel forces. Additionally, according to [[Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi]], citing [[Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari|Mian Mansoor Ansari]], Nanautavi was entrusted with the responsibility of protecting [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi]]. [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]] specifically instructed him to ensure Nanautavi's safety, emphasizing:
"Maulana Muhammad Qasim is fearless and ventures into every row; never leave his side at any moment."<ref name="Gilani">{{Cite book|last=Gilani|first=Manazir Ahsan|author-link=Manazir Ahsan Gilani|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/sawaneh-qasmi-part-002-sayyad-manazir-ahsan-geelani-ebooks |title=Sawānih-e-Qasimi|trans-title=Biography of Qasimi|publisher=Al-Jamiat Press|year=1955|volume=2|location=[[Delhi]]|page=137|language=ur}}</ref><ref name="Miyan">{{Cite book|last=Deobandi|first=Muhammad Miyan|author-link=Muhammad Miyan Deobandi|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/ulma-e-hind-ka-shandar-mazi-volume-004-syed-mohammad-miyan-ebooks |title=Ulama-e-Hind Ka Shaandar Mazi (1857 Aur Janbazān-e-Hurriyat)|trans-title=The Glorious Past of Islamic Scholars of India (1857 and the Brave Freedom Fighters)|year=1960|volume=4|publisher=M. Brothers|location=[[Delhi]]|page=303|language=ur}}</ref>

This suggests that Nanautavi served as ADC ([[Aide-de-camp|Aide-de-Camp]]) to Qasim Nanautavi during the rebellion. However, it is also likely that while he was given command of the left flank during battle, he was otherwise assigned to stay close to Qasim Nanautavi and ensure his protection. Given his close familial ties and deep devotion to Qasim Nanautavi, he naturally remained by his side.{{Sfn|Gilani|1955|p=137}}{{Sfn|Deobandi|1960|p=303}}

=== Academic and administrative career ===
After the war, when the period of hiding ended, Nanautavi moved to Bareilly, where he secured a teaching position at [[Bareilly College]] in 1861.{{Sfn|ar-Rahman|1976|p=607}} Alongside his teaching duties, he also worked with his elder brother Muhammad Ahsan Nanautavi at 'Matba-e-Siddiqi,' a printing press they managed together.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|p=503}}

In 1894, he was appointed as the fourth rector of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], succeeding [[Fazl-e-Haque Deobandi]]. He held this position for a little over a year before resigning in 1895.<ref name="Tayyib">{{Cite book|last=Muhammad Tayyib|first=Qari|author-link=Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/darul-uloom-deoband-qari-mohammad-tayyab-ebooks |title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Sad Saala Zindagi|trans-title=Centenary Life of Darul Uloom Deoband|publisher=Daftar-e-Ihtemam, Darul Uloom Deoband|date=June 1965|edition=1st|location=Deoband|page=95|language=ur}}</ref>{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|pp=503–504, 747}}{{Sfn|ar-Rahman|1976|pp=608–609}} In addition to his official duties, he also taught Arabic literature to students outside regular class hours at Darul Uloom Deoband.{{Sfn|Rizwi|1972|p=485}}

== Writings ==
Nanautavi wrote several works on Islamic theology and Sufism. His major works include:
* ''Siraj al-Salikin'' – An Urdu translation of [[Imam Ghazali]]'s Minhaj al-Abidin, published in 1864.{{Sfn|ar-Rahman|1976|p=608}}<ref name="Mausoo'ah">{{cite book |last=Mubarakpuri|first=Arif Jameel|author-link=Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri|title=Mausoo'a Ulama-u- Deoband|trans-title=The Encyclopedia of Deobandi Scholars|date=2021|edition=1st|publisher=Shaikhul Hind Academy|location=Deoband|page=426|language=ar}}</ref>
* ''Fawa'id-e-Ghariba'' – A treatise on Tasawwuf (Islamic mysticism).{{Sfn|Rizwi|1981|p=169}}
* A short treatise on the rules of Hajj.{{Sfn|ar-Rahman|1976|p=608}}

== Personal integrity ==
Nanautavi was recognized for his adherence to ethical principles. According to ''Arwah-e-Salasa'', he once traveled to Delhi to print an annual report for Darul Uloom Deoband but had the allocated funds stolen. Instead of informing the administration, he returned home, sold his land, and used the proceeds to complete the printing. When members of Darul Uloom's governing council later became aware of the incident, they sought guidance from [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]], who issued a fatwa stating that Nanautavi was not personally responsible for the loss. Despite this, he declined reimbursement, reportedly stating that Gangohi himself would not have accepted the money in a similar situation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rizwi |first=Syed Mahboob|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-deoband-syed-mahboob-rizvi-ebooks |title=Tarīkh-e-Deoband |trans-title=The History of Deoband|publisher=Ilmi Markaz|edition=2nd|date= 1972 |location=Deoband|language=ur|pages=485–486}}</ref>

== Death ==
The exact date of his death is unknown, but records indicate that he was alive until at least 1321 AH (1904 CE).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qadiri |first=Mohammad Ayyub |author-link=Mohammad Ayyub Qadiri|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/jang-e-azadi-1857-mohammad-ayyub-qadiri-ebooks |title=Jang-e-Āzādi 1857 (Waqi'āt-o-Shakhsiyyāt) |trans-title=The War of Independence 1857 (Events and Personalities)|publisher=Pak Academy|date= June 1976 |location=Wahīdabād, [[Karachi]] |language=ur|page=607}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Hanafi scholars}}
{{Siddiqi family of Nanauta}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanautavi, Muhammad Munir}}
[[Category:1831 births]]
[[Category:1903 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Saharanpur district]]
[[Category:Hanafi fiqh scholars]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:Muhtamims of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:Indian Sufis]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]

2024 Abujhmarh clash

2026-04-11T09:54:24Z

KellyePoindexter: Put up article

{{Short description|Maoist attack in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = 2024 Abujhmarh clash
| partof = the [[Naxalite-Maoist insurgency]]
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| date = 4 October 2024
| place = [[Abujhmarh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[India]]
| territory =
| result = Indian victory • Maoist activity greatly suppressed
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|South Asian Communist Banner.svg}} [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]
| combatant2 = {{flag|India}}
| commander1 = Niti{{KIA}}
| commander2 = Unknown
| units1 = [[People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (India)|PLGA]]
| units2 = [[State Armed Police Forces|District Reserve Guard]] [[Special Task Force (India)|Special Task Force]]
| strength1 = 50+
| strength2 = 100+
| casualties1 = 38 killed<ref>{{Cite news|title=31 Maoists Killed In Encounter Along Dantewada Border In Chhattisgarh|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/30-maoists-killed-in-encounter-along-dantewada-border-in-chhattisgarh-6716380|access-date=2024-10-04|website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Maoists claim 35 cadres killed in October 4 encounter in Abujhmad forest|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/maoists-claim-35-cadres-killed-in-october-4-encounter-in-abujhmad-forest-101728911753963-amp.html|access-date=2024-10-14|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Maoists say seven more cadres were killed in Chhattisgarh encounter, taking toll up to 38|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maoists-say-seven-more-cadres-were-killed-in-chhattisgarh-encounter-taking-toll-up-to-38/article68769343.ece|access-date=2024-10-19|website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
| casualties2 = None
| casualties3 =
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Naxalite insurgency}}{{Campaignbox India terrorism}}
}}

The '''2024 Abujhmarh clash''' was an [[Encounter killing|encounter]] between [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]] and Indian security forces in the [[Abujhmarh]] forest area in [[Chhattisgarh]], India. It was the deadliest encounter for the rebels since the start of the insurgency.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Security forces kill 30 Maoists in encounter in Chhattisgarh's Narayanpur|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/security-forces-kill-30-maoists-in-encounter-in-chhattisgarhs-narayanpur-101728050258612.html|access-date=2024-10-04|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=In biggest encounter in state’s history, over 30 Maoists gunned down in Chhattisgarh|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/maoists-killed-in-abujhmad-encounter-ak47-slr-weapons-recovered-9603649/|access-date=2024-10-04|website=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Background ==
Anti-Naxal operations have greatly increased in 2024 especially in the [[Abujhmarh]] forest area of [[Chhattisgarh]] which have been considered a Maoist stronghold. The Maoists had a great setback due to the operations with more than 200 cadres killed in the year 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Security forces kill 30 Maoists in encounter in Chhattisgarh's Narayanpur|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/security-forces-kill-30-maoists-in-encounter-in-chhattisgarhs-narayanpur-101728050258612.html|access-date=2024-10-04|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

== Encounter ==
The police had an information that a meeting consisting of senior Maoist cadres of East Bastar Division had convened a meeting in the Thulthuli village this week and a huge gathering was happening in the area.<ref>{{Cite news|title=36 Maoists killed in encounter along Dantewada border in Chhattisgarh,185 eliminated so far in 2024|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/36-maoists-killed-in-encounter-along-dantewada-border-in-chhattisgarh185-eliminated-so-far-in-2024-13822261.html|access-date=2024-10-04|website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>

As per the information, units of District Reserve Guards and Special Task Force consisting more than 100 soldiers was sent out to the Abhujmarh forest area. At 12:30 PM ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) an encounter broke out between Maoist cadres and the soldiers resulting in the death of more than 31 Maoists and a huge cache of weapons and ammunition discovered including [[AK-47|Ak-47s]], [[Self-loading rifle|Self-Loading Rifles]] (SLR's) and grenades.<ref>{{Cite news|title=28 Naxals gunned down in Chhattisgarh, 185 ultras eliminated so far in 2024|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chhattisgarh-14-naxals-gunned-down-in-bastar-171-ultras-eliminated-so-far-in-2024-2611405-2024-10-04|access-date=2024-10-04|website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

As of 5 October, police have identified 15 bodies of the total killed and they had a total bounty of ₹1.3 crore. A senior cadre named Niti alias Urmila having a bounty of ₹25 lakhs was also killed in the encounter.

On 19 October, Maoists revealed that they had lost 38 of their comrades and some also injured in the encounter increasing the official death toll. The total bounty of the deceased Maoists accounted to ₹2.62 crores.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maoists claim losses of 35, disputing official toll of 31 in Chhattisgarh encounter|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Oct/14/maoists-claim-losses-of-35-disputing-official-toll-of-31-in-chhattisgarh-encounter|access-date=2024-10-14|website=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Maoists say seven more cadres were killed in Chhattisgarh encounter, taking toll up to 38|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maoists-say-seven-more-cadres-were-killed-in-chhattisgarh-encounter-taking-toll-up-to-38/article68769343.ece|access-date=2024-10-19|website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[2024 Kanker clash]]
*[[2025 Bijapur clash]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abujhmarh clash, 2024}}
[[Category:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
[[Category:October 2024 in India]]
[[Category:2024 military operations]]
[[Category:Military operations involving India]]
[[Category:2020s in Chhattisgarh]]

V. Narayanan (engineer)

2026-04-07T17:38:45Z

KellyePoindexter:

{{Short description|11th Chairman of ISRO}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = V. Narayanan
| image =
DrVNarayanan ISROHQ 15012025.png
| image_size = 250px
| alt = Honorable Chairman of ISRO
| caption =
| image_upright = yes
| title = 11th [[Chairperson of ISRO|Chairman of ISRO]]
| term_start = {{Start date|2025|01|14|df=yes}}
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[S. Somanath]]
| successor =
| title2 = Secretary of the [[Department of Space]]
| term_start2 = {{Start date|2025|01|14|df=yes}}
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[S. Somanath]]
| successor2 =
| title3 = Director of the [[Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre]]
| term_start3 = 23 January 2018
| term_end3 = 14 January 2025
| predecessor3 = [[S. Somanath]]
| successor3 = [[M. Mohan]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|05|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Melakattuvilai, [[Kanniyakumari District]], [[Madras State]] (now [[Tamil Nadu]]), [[India]]{{sfn|Tiki|2025}}
| alma_mater = (DME) Government Polytechnic College, Nagercoil (AMIE) [[Institution of Engineers (India)|Institution of Engineers]] ([[Master of Engineering|M.Tech.]]) ([[PhD]]) 
[[IIT Kharagpur]]
| spouse =
| children =
| order =
}}

'''V. Narayanan''' (born 14 May 1964) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Cryogenic engineering|cryogenic engineer]] and [[Rocket#Design|rocket scientist]] who is serving as [[Chairperson of ISRO|Chairman]] of [[ISRO]] and the Secretary of the [[Department of Space]] (DoS) since 14 January 2025.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Dr. V. Narayanan Assumed Charge of Secretary, Department of Space and Chairman, Space Commission |date=14 January 2025 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/DrVNarayanan_Assumed_Charge_Secretary_DOS_Chairman_Space_Commission.html |language=en |access-date=17 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123182229/https://www.isro.gov.in/DrVNarayanan_Assumed_Charge_Secretary_DOS_Chairman_Space_Commission.html |archive-date=23 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 January 2025 |title=V. Narayanan assumes charge as new ISRO chief, succeeding S. Somanath |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/v-narayanan-assumes-charge-as-new-isro-chief-succeeding-s-somanath/article69098193.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128092346/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/v-narayanan-assumes-charge-as-new-isro-chief-succeeding-s-somanath/article69098193.ece |archive-date=28 January 2025 |access-date=17 January 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2025 |title=Man behind India's cryogenic engine takes the helm at ISRO |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2025/Jan/15/man-behind-indias-cryogenic-engine-takes-the-helm-at-isro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123002229/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/states/karnataka/2025/Jan/15/man-behind-indias-cryogenic-engine-takes-the-helm-at-isro |archive-date=23 January 2025 |access-date=17 January 2025 |work=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He was the Director of the [[Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre]] (LPSC) from 23 January 2018 to 14 January 2025, the day when he assumed the chairmanship of ISRO.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mitra |first=Jyotismita |date=8 January 2025 |title=V Narayanan to Lead ISRO: Succeeds S Somanath as New Chairman |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/science-technology/v-narayanan-to-lead-isro-succeeds-s-somanath-as-new-chairman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114231017/https://www.brutimes.com/news/science-technology/v-narayanan-to-lead-isro-succeeds-s-somanath-as-new-chairman |archive-date=14 January 2025 |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref> He is to lead the organisation during the ongoing development of various upcoming programmes, including the [[Gaganyaan]] and [[Chandrayaan-4]] missions, as well as the launch of [[Bharatiya Antariksh Station|India's first space station]] in the forthcoming years.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2025 |title=V Narayanan: The rocket scientist who will be leading ISRO into its next phase – 10 facts |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/people/v-narayanan-the-rocket-scientist-who-will-lead-isro-into-its-next-phase-10-things-to-know-about-new-isro-chief-11736301472974.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122235727/https://www.livemint.com/companies/people/v-narayanan-the-rocket-scientist-who-will-lead-isro-into-its-next-phase-10-things-to-know-about-new-isro-chief/amp-11736301472974.html |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=17 January 2025 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Narayanan was born in the Melakattuvilai village near [[Nagercoil]] in [[Kanyakumari District]] in the state of [[Tamilnadu|Tamil Nadu]], on 14 May 1964, to C. Vanniya Perumal, a coconut trader and S. Thangammal. He was the eldest child of six siblings. Narayanan would frequently help out at his father's coconut shop in the [[Vadasery]] market in Nagercoil. He studied till 5th grade at the government primary school in {{Ill|Keezha Kattuvilai|ta|கீழ்க்கட்டளை}},{{Sfn|Rabi|2025a}} from 1969 to 1974.{{Sfn|Rabi|2025b}} Narayanan then studied at the LMS Higher Secondary School in Zionpuram till 10th grade,{{Sfn|Rabi|2025a}} from 1974 to 1979.{{Sfn|Rabi|2025b}} His house did not have electricity till he was in 9th grade.{{Sfn|Tiki|2025}}

Narayanan completed both his schooling and DME (Diploma in Mechanical Engineering) with First Rank.{{Sfn|Mishra|2025}} He completed his DME at the [[Government Polytechnic College, Nagercoil]] in 1982.{{Sfn|Rabi|2025a}} In 1982, after his graduation, he and his brother both earned admission for the Bachelor of Engineering course. Because his family could afford to pay for only one brother's education, Narayanan chose not to pursue the course at [[Anna University]], his dream college. After his DME, he worked at multiple companies like [[Tube Investments of India|TI Cycles]], [[BHEL]] and [[MRF (company)|MRF]] for one and a half years.{{Sfn|Mishra|2025}}{{Sfn|Rabi|2025a}} He later did his [[Associate Member of the Institution of Engineers|AMIE]] course in [[Mechanical Engineering]]. He earned his [[Master of Engineering|MTech]] degree in [[Cryogenic engineering]] with First Rank from [[IIT Kharagpur]] in 1989 and later completed his [[Ph.D.]] in [[Aerospace engineering]] also from
IIT Kharagpur in 2001.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Dr. V Narayanan, Director, LPSC |url=https://www.lpsc.gov.in/RTI%20docs/BRIEF%20BIODATA%20of%20Dr.%20VN.pdf |website=LPSC |page=1 |access-date=2025-01-08 |archive-date=2025-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112104700/https://www.lpsc.gov.in/RTI%20docs/BRIEF%20BIODATA%20of%20Dr.%20VN.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Narayanan joined ISRO in 1984, initially working in the Solid Propulsion area for [[Rohini (rocket family)|Rohini Sounding Rockets]], [[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle]]s (ASLV), and [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]s (PSLV) at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) in [[Thiruvananthapuram]].{{Sfn|Mishra|2025}} He contributed to the process planning, control, and realisation of [[Ablative heat shield|ablative]] nozzle systems, composite motor cases, and composite igniter cases.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=8 January 2025 |title=V Narayanan: The Rocket Scientist who Will Lead ISRO into its Next Phase: 10 Facts |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/people/v-narayanan-the-rocket-scientist-who-will-lead-isro-into-its-next-phase-10-things-to-know-about-new-isro-chief-11736301472974.html |work=Livemint |archive-date=8 January 2025 |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108075007/https://www.livemint.com/companies/people/v-narayanan-the-rocket-scientist-who-will-lead-isro-into-its-next-phase-10-things-to-know-about-new-isro-chief-11736301472974.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== At LPSC ===
In 1989, after completing his MTech, he transitioned to the Cryogenic Propulsion area at the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC).<ref name=":3" /> According to [[Vasudevan Gnana Gandhi]], director of ISRO's propulsion unit at the time, Narayanan had initially joined ISRO's fibreglass unit, and was referred to the propulsion unit by VSSC director S. Ramakrishna. Narayanan was one among the approximately 20 engineers sent by ISRO to Russia in order to train on Russian cryogenic engines and incorporate them in Indian launch vehicles.{{Sfn|Sinha|Dutt|2025}} Narayanan played a crucial role in the development of India's cryogenic propulsion systems, contributing to the successful development and testing of sub-systems such as [[gas generator]]s, sub-scale cryogenic engines, and [[thrust chamber]]s. His efforts were instrumental in making India one of the six countries with indigenous cryogenic propulsion technology.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=8 January 2025 |title=Our Chairman (NRSC, Hyderabad) |work=NRSC |access-date=2026-02-11 |url=https://www.nrsc.gov.in/nrscnew/ourChairman.php8 |url-status=live }}</ref>

As the Project Director of the [[CE-20|C25]] Cryogenic Project, Narayanan provided techno-managerial leadership in designing and developing the C25 Cryogenic Propulsion System for the [[LVM3|GSLV Mk III]] Launch Vehicle. Under his guidance, the system was developed in a short time frame and successfully inducted into the GSLV Mk-III vehicle. He also had an important role in the successful maiden launch of the GSLV Mk-III. Narayanan's team built and dispatched the L110 [[Vikas (rocket engine)|Vikas engine]] for the [[Chandrayaan-2]] and [[Chandrayaan-3]] missions, which were used by both spacecrafts in their landing attempts on the moon.<ref name=":1" />

{{Multiimage
| image1 = CE-20 Engine Config Model.png
| alt1 = A computer graphic model of a spacecraft engine, with a curved semi-cylindrical structure at the bottom and multiple pipes at the top.
| caption1 = The [[CE-20]] (C25) engine
| image2 = Vikas engine of ISRO.JPG
| alt2 = A physical model of a spacecraft engine, with a curved semi-cylindrical structure at the bottom, a flat cylindrical structure in the middle, a silver-colored inlet and two red and gold-colored pipes at the top.
| align = center
| caption2 = The [[Vikas (rocket engine)|Vikas]] engine
| header = The engines developed at the LPSC during Narayanan's directorship.
}}

Narayanan's team also built the 2nd stage, 4th stage and control power plants of the [[PSLV-C57]] launch vehicle used in the [[Aditya-L1]] solar observation mission, and also built its propulsion systems. For the Gaganyaan mission, his team is working on the crewed flight capable versions of the GSLV Mk-III launch vehicle and the L110 and C32 engines. Narayan was the chairman of the Mission Readiness Review of the [[Test Vehicle Abort Mission-1]] (TVD-1) test.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Dr. V. Narayanan, Director, LPSC |url=https://www.lpsc.gov.in/RTI%20docs/BRIEF%20BIODATA%20of%20Dr.%20VN.pdf |website=LPSC |page=2 |access-date=2025-01-08 |archive-date=2025-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112104700/https://www.lpsc.gov.in/RTI%20docs/BRIEF%20BIODATA%20of%20Dr.%20VN.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Narayanan set ISRO's Propulsion Road Map for 2017 to 2037,{{Sfn|Tiki|2025}} and LPSC, during his directorship, began building the reusable [[Next Generation Launch Vehicle]] (NGLV).{{Sfn|Sinha|Dutt|2025}}

In January 2018, he became the Director of the LPSC,{{Sfn|Mishra|2025}} overseeing the development of liquid, semi-cryogenic, and cryogenic propulsion stages for launch vehicles, as well as chemical and electric propulsion systems for satellites. During his tenure, the LPSC delivered 183 liquid propulsion systems for 41 launch vehicles and 31 spacecraft missions over seven years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-07 |title=ISRO to Get New Chief: Dr V Narayanan to Take Over from S Somnath on Jan 14 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/dr-v-narayanan-to-succeed-s-somnath-as-isro-chief-on-january-14-2661233-2025-01-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109172022/https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/dr-v-narayanan-to-succeed-s-somnath-as-isro-chief-on-january-14-2661233-2025-01-07 |archive-date=9 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-08 |title=V Narayanan Educational Qualifications: The Extraordinary Ascent of an Aerospace Visionary to Helm ISRO |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/v-narayanan-educational-qualifications-the-extraordinary-ascent-of-an-aerospace-visionary-to-helm-isro/articleshow/117046312.cms |access-date=2025-01-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2025-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108181754/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/v-narayanan-educational-qualifications-the-extraordinary-ascent-of-an-aerospace-visionary-to-helm-isro/articleshow/117046312.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Narayanan is the third consecutive LPSC director to become the ISRO chairman after Somanath and [[K. Sivan]].{{Sfn|Mishra|2025}}

=== Chairman of ISRO ===
Experts who spoke to ''[[The Indian Express]]'' have said the reason Narayanan was appointed as ISRO chairman, instead of VSSC chairman [[S. Unnikrishnan Nair]], was Narayanan's identification of errors made during Chandrayaan-2's landing attempt and fixing these in Chandrayaan-3's lander, which led to a successful landing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-09 |title=With Dr V Narayanan as Isro chairman, space agency gets a combination of satellite and rocket expert |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/dr-v-narayanan-isro-chairman-combination-of-satellite-rocket-expert-9768493/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250110183342/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/dr-v-narayanan-isro-chairman-combination-of-satellite-rocket-expert-9768493/ |archive-date=2025-01-10 |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Speaking to ''[[The Hindu]]'' on his appointment, he said the number of satellites India has in orbit has to be increased from 54 to 100 within three to four years, given the country's needs.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-01-10 |title=India will need to increase number of operational satellites in next few years: ISRO chairperson-designate V. Narayanan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/india-will-need-to-increase-number-of-operational-satellites-in-next-few-years-isro-chairperson-designate-v-narayanan/article69085130.ece |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115082441/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/india-will-need-to-increase-number-of-operational-satellites-in-next-few-years-isro-chairperson-designate-v-narayanan/article69085130.ece |archive-date=15 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Narayanan has said the new [[SSLV Launch Complex]] located in [[Kulasekarapattinam]] will be launch ready within two years, and it will be used to launch [[Small Satellite Launch Vehicle|SSLV]] missions.{{Sfn|DT Next, 29 January 2025|}}

He has also said he intends to take India's share in the global space sector from 2% to 10%. During his tenure, some missions ISRO has lined up are the [[IRNSS]]-1K launch, the [[SpaDeX]] space docking and the [[Gaganyaan-1]] (G1) uncrewed test flight;<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-10 |title=ISRO plan for 1-2 years ready: V Narayanan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-plan-for-1-2-years-ready-v-narayanan/articleshow/117097332.cms |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2025-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250111042813/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-plan-for-1-2-years-ready-v-narayanan/articleshow/117097332.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> the agency also intends to commence the groundwork for the [[Bharatiya Antariksh Station]], [[Mangalyaan 2]] and its first [[Venus Orbiter Mission]].{{Sfn|Tiki|2025}} ISRO also has government approvals for the Chandrayaan-4 and [[Chandrayaan-5]] missions. The agency will launch three uncrewed Gaganyaan flights before launching a crewed mission. Narayanan further said ISRO is developing the NGLV to launch a space station and land on the Moon, as the NGLV is twice the height of a GSLV and carries 30 tons compared to the GSLV's 22.5 tons. A new launchpad is being built at the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Sriharikota]] which can accommodate the NGLV rockets. The new launchpad will take 4 years for completion and cost 4,000 crores.{{Sfn|DT Next, 29 January 2025|}} The first stage of the NGLV will be reusable, similar to the [[SpaceX launch vehicles|Falcon launch vehicles]] developed by [[SpaceX]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-29 |title=Big Space Leap! ISRO Chairman Dr. V. Narayanan On NGLV & Many More Things |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/bt-tv/video/big-space-leap-isro-chairman-dr-v-narayanan-on-nglv-many-more-things-462480-2025-01-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130221316/https://www.businesstoday.in/bt-tv/video/big-space-leap-isro-chairman-dr-v-narayanan-on-nglv-many-more-things-462480-2025-01-29 |archive-date=30 January 2025 |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

The two satellites of the SpaDex mission docked successfully on 16 January 2025; making India the fourth nation to execute a space docking after the USA, Russia and China.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2025 |title=ISRO successfully docks SpaDeX satellites in space, creates history |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/isro-successfully-docks-spadex-two-satellites-in-space-101737003035346.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116101958/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/isro-successfully-docks-spadex-two-satellites-in-space-101737003035346.html |archive-date=16 January 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Awards and accolades ==
Narayanan has received several accolades, including the Silver Medal from IIT Kharagpur for First Rank in MTech, the Gold Medal from the [[Astronomical Society of India|Astronautical Society of India]] (ASI), and the ASI Award for Rocket and Related Technologies. He is a Fellow of the [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]], the [[Institution of Engineers (India)|Institution of Engineers]] (India), the Indian Cryogenic Council, and the [[Aeronautical Society of India]].<ref name=":2" />
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award by the government of Tamil Nadu on 15 August 2025. In 2025, during its 39th Convocation Ceremony, the [[University of Burdwan]] conferred upon him the [[Doctorate of Science|D.Sc]] degree in an honorary capacity.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.buruniv.ac.in/Notices/20250766_REG.pdf |title=Convocation Notice – University of Burdwan |access-date=2025-10-14}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Narayanan is married to Kavitharaj NK, the daughter of a professor. Their daughter is a B Tech and PGDM graduate and works in a multinational company, while their son is pursuing his B Tech course in computer engineering.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Surendra |date=2025-01-13 |title=V Narayanan: Son of a farmer who wants to 'take Isro to greater heights' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/want-to-take-isro-to-greater-heights-says-new-chairman/articleshow/117183940.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122095744/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/want-to-take-isro-to-greater-heights-says-new-chairman/articleshow/117183940.cms |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=2025-02-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Selected works ==

* {{Cite journal |last1=Narayanan |first1=V. |last2=Suresh |first2=M. S. |last3=Jayan |first3=N. |last4=Bijukumar |first4=K. S. |date=2014 |title=Mathematical modelling of a cryogenic engine |journal=International Journal of Advances in Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics |volume=6 |issue=3–4 |pages=183–194 |doi=10.1007/s12572-015-0117-2 |ref=none}}
* {{Cite conference |last1=RS |first1=Praveen |last2=Jayan |first2=N. |last3=Bijukumar |first3=K. S. |last4=Jayaprakash |first4=J. |last5=Narayanan |first5=N. |last6=Ayyapan |first6=G. |date=February 2017 |title=Development of Cryogenic Engine for GSLV MkIII: Technological Challenges |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314129872 |conference=2017 IOP Conference Series: Materials Sciences and Engineering |volume=171 |issue=1 |pages=1–7 |doi=10.1088/1757-899X/171/1/012059 |ref=none |doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite conference |last1=Xavier |first1=M. |last2=Edwin Raj |first2=R. |last3=Narayanan |first3=V. |date=2017 |title=Thermal stratification in LH2 tank of cryogenic propulsion stage tested in ISRO facility |conference=26th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference & International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2016 7–11 March 2016, New Delhi, India |series=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=171 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1088/1757-899X/171/1/012063 |ref=none |doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Baiju |first1=A. P. |last2=Jayan |first2=N. |last3=Nageswaran |first3=G. |last4=Suresh |first4=M. S. |last5=Narayanan |first5=V. |title=A Technology for Improving Regenerative Cooling in Advanced Cryogenic Rocket Engines for Space Transportation |journal=Advances in Astronautics Science and Technology |series=Selected Papers from the 71st International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2020 |date=2021 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=11–18 |doi=10.1007/s42423-020-00071-0 |bibcode=2021AAnST...4...11B |ref=none}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Akanksha |date=8 January 2025 |title=Meet V Narayanan, Rocket Scientist Set to Become 11th ISRO Chairman & Lead Gaganyaan, Chandrayaan-4 |url=https://theprint.in/science/meet-v-narayanan-rocket-scientist-set-to-become-11th-isro-chairman-lead-gaganyaan-chandrayaan-4/2436353/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250110211635/https://theprint.in/science/meet-v-narayanan-rocket-scientist-set-to-become-11th-isro-chairman-lead-gaganyaan-chandrayaan-4/2436353/ |archive-date=10 January 2025 |work=ThePrint}}
* {{Cite news |last=Rabi |first=M. Abdul |date=12 January 2025 |title=The boy who dreamt of stars to chairman of India's space dreams: V Narayanan's story of perseverance |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2025/Jan/12/the-boy-who-dreamt-of-stars-to-chairman-of-indias-space-dreams-the-inspiring-story-of-v-narayanan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115003559/https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2025/Jan/12/the-boy-who-dreamt-of-stars-to-chairman-of-indias-space-dreams-the-inspiring-story-of-v-narayanan |archive-date=15 January 2025 |work=The New Indian Express |ref={{Sfnref|Rabi|2025a}}}}
* {{Cite news |last=Rabi |first=M. Abdul |date=9 January 2025 |title=TN village celebrates meteoric rise of son to ISRO top job |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Jan/09/tn-village-celebrates-meteoric-rise-of-son-to-isro-top-job |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112100455/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Jan/09/tn-village-celebrates-meteoric-rise-of-son-to-isro-top-job |archive-date=12 January 2025 |work=The New Indian Express |ref={{sfnref|Rabi|2025b}}}}
* {{Cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Amitabh |last2=Dutt |first2=Anona |date=9 January 2025 |title='He's like me, rose from poverty to the top': Former ISRO chief K Sivan on new chairman V Narayanan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/former-isro-chairman-k-sivan-on-v-narayanan-9767311/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250111203947/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/former-isro-chairman-k-sivan-on-v-narayanan-9767311/ |archive-date=11 January 2025 |access-date=11 January 2025 |work=The Indian Express}}
* {{cite news |last=Tiki |first=Rajwi |date=8 January 2025 |title=V. Narayanan, who is set to take over as ISRO Chairman, terms his new assignment 'a great responsibility' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/v-narayanan-who-is-set-to-take-over-as-isro-chairman-terms-his-new-assignment-as-a-great-responsibility/article69075005.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250111134213/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/v-narayanan-who-is-set-to-take-over-as-isro-chairman-terms-his-new-assignment-as-a-great-responsibility/article69075005.ece |archive-date=11 January 2025 |work=The Hindu}}
* {{Cite news |date=29 January 2025 |title=Can launch our next 100 in 5 years, says ISRO chief V Narayanan |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/national/can-launch-our-next-100-in-5-years-says-isro-chief-v-narayanan-821052 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250204100815/https://www.dtnext.in/news/national/can-launch-our-next-100-in-5-years-says-isro-chief-v-narayanan-821052 |archive-date=4 February 2025 |access-date=4 February 2025 |work=DT Next |ref={{sfnref|DT Next, 29 January 2025}}}}

== External links ==

* [https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=author%3A%22V.+Narayanan%22+lpsc&btnG= Narayanan's publications listed on Google Scholar]

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:ISRO people]]
[[Category:Indian aerospace engineers]]
[[Category:IIT Kharagpur alumni]]
[[Category:People from Kanyakumari district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian scientists]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Indian Institutes of Technology alumni]]

Hulkur

2026-04-05T23:50:38Z

KellyePoindexter: done

{{distinguish|Hulkuru|N. G. Hulkur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hulkur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.955903298509934|N|78.01078787820444|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kolar district|Kolar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of taluks of Karnataka|Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Malur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 823<ref>{{cite web | url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2927_PART_B_DCHB_KOLAR.pdf | title=2011 census | work=censusindia.gov.in | access-date=8 January 2021 | archive-date=16 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116094238/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2927_PART_B_DCHB_KOLAR.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08151
| registration_plate =KA
| website = {{URL|karnataka.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]
| footnotes =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 622226
}}

'''Hulkur''' is a small village in the [[Malur]] Taluk of [[Kolar district]] in [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It is situated about 13 kilometers from [[Malur]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2927_PART_A_DCHB_KOLAR.pdf | title=2011 census | work=censusindia.gov.in | access-date=8 January 2021 | archive-date=16 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116080815/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2927_PART_A_DCHB_KOLAR.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to the [[2011 Indian Census]], the village consists of 823 people. The town has a literacy rate of 64.52 percent which is lower than [[Karnataka]]'s average of 75.36 percent.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Total Number of Household : 192<ref>{{cite web | url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=708627 | title=2011 census | work=censusindia.gov.in | access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref>
!Population
!Persons
!Males
!Females
|-
|Total
|823
|424
|399
|-
|In the age group 0–6 years
|89
|53
|36
|-
|Scheduled Castes (SC)
|191
|89
|102
|-
|Scheduled Tribes (ST)
|77
|39
|38
|-
|Literates
|531
|302
|229
|-
|Illiterate
|292
|122
|170
|-
|Total Worker
|363
|242
|121
|-
|Main Worker
|270
|221
|49
|-
|Marginal Worker
|93
|21
|72
|-
|Non Worker
|460
|182
|278
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Settlements in Kolar district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kolar district]]

{{Kolar-geo-stub}}

Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Mumbai

2026-03-26T19:31:47Z

KellyePoindexter: enhance layout to improve readability as per guidelines

{{Short description|Engineering Institute in Mumbai, India}}
{{Distinguish|Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Bangalore}}
{{For|other educational institutes of a similar name|Don Bosco School (disambiguation){{!}}Don Bosco School}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Mumbai|timestamp=20260326193147|year=2026|month=March|day=26|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{Multiple issues|
{{advert|date=September 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2013}}
{{Notability|date=January 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Coord|19.081252|N|72.888580|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Don Bosco Institute of Technology
| image =
| established = 2001
| type = Private
| endowment =
| accreditation = [[National Accreditation and Assessment Council|NAAC Grade:A]]<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Institutes with valid Accreditation |url=http://naac.gov.in/images/docs/ACCREDITATION_STATUS/Institutions_accredited_by_NAAC_whose_accreditation_period_is_valid_030622nn.xls |website=NAAC |publisher=National Assessment and Accreditation Council |access-date=6 June 2022}}</ref>
| staff =
| faculty =
| president =
| head_label =
| head =
| city = [[Mumbai]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| country = [[India]]
| free_label =
| free =
| colors =
| colours =
| mascot =
| affiliations = [[University of Mumbai]]
| website = https://www.dbit.in
}}

'''Don Bosco Institute of Technology''' is a private [[engineering]] college situated at [[Kurla]] (West), [[Mumbai]] affiliated with the University of Mumbai. It has been granted a "Religious Minority" status ([[Roman Catholic]]s).<ref name="dte_summary">{{cite web |title=Institute Summary |publisher=Directorate of Technical Education, Maharashtra State |url=http://www.dtemaharashtra.gov.in/approvedinstitues/StaticPages/frmInstituteSummary.aspx?InstituteCode=3208 |accessdate=2015-05-29 }}</ref>

==Degree programs==
Under the University of Mumbai, the college offers bachelor's degrees in engineering for the following programs:<ref name="dte_summary" />

==See also==
* [[Don Bosco College of Engineering]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Mumbai}}
[[Category:Salesian schools]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2001]]
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Affiliates of the University of Mumbai]]
[[Category:All India Council for Technical Education]]
[[Category:Catholic universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Sikkim Football Association

2026-03-26T14:58:01Z

KellyePoindexter: stub!

{{Short description|State governing body of Football in Sikkim}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox sport governing body
|name = Sikkim Football Association
|abbrev = SFA
|logo = Sikkim Football Association.svg
|sport = [[Association football|Football]]
|size =
|caption =
|jurisdiction = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Government of Sikkim.svg}} [[Sikkim]]
|founded = {{start date and age|1976}}
|aff = [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF)
|headquarters = [[Paljor Stadium]], [[Gangtok]]
|membership = 6 district association
|president = Menla Ethenpa
|secretary = Phurba Sherpa
|url = https://sikkimfootball.in/
}}

The '''Sikkim Football Association''' ('''SFA''') is one of the 36 [[Indian state football associations]] that are affiliated with the [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF), based out of [[Gangtok]], [[Sikkim]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidesport.in/fpai-awards-2023-bengaluru-fcs-sivasakthi-narayanan-wins-young-player-of-year-mumbai-city-fc-swoop-numerous-awards-check-out/|title=FPAI Awards 2023: Bengaluru FC's Sivasakthi Narayanan wins Young Player of year, Mumbai City FC SWOOP numerous awards – Check Out|date=13 May 2023|access-date=13 May 2023|website=insidesport.in|publisher=Inside Sport India|first=Triyasha|last=Chatterjee|location=Gangtok|archive-date=13 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513162608/https://www.insidesport.in/fpai-awards-2023-bengaluru-fcs-sivasakthi-narayanan-wins-young-player-of-year-mumbai-city-fc-swoop-numerous-awards-check-out/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatodayne.in/sport/story/sikkim-premier-division-league-2023-to-kick-off-on-june-21st-580729-2023-06-16|title=Sikkim Premier Division League 2023 to kick off on June 21st|first=Sujal|last=Pradhan|location=Gangtok|website=indiatodayne.in|publisher=India Today North East|date=16 June 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616181450/http://www.indiatodayne.in/sport/story/sikkim-premier-division-league-2023-to-kick-off-on-june-21st-580729-2023-06-16}}</ref> It sends state teams for [[Santosh Trophy]] and [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]].

==History==
The Sikkim Football Association was formed in the year 1976, while previously it was known as the ''Gangtok Football and Sporting Association''. Sikkim football dates back with first local team, Kumar Sporting Club.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sikkim.nic.in/sfa/ |title=Sikkim Football Association, Gangtok |access-date=24 December 2011 |archive-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018155929/http://sikkim.nic.in/sfa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sikkim Himalayan boys have proved why they are the reigning Sikkim Premier League Champions|url=http://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=109|website=Goalie365|access-date=30 April 2016|archive-date=31 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531163147/http://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=109|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sikkim Premier Division League 2016 Fixture Released|url=http://goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=649|website=Goalie365|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=18 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818054442/http://goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=649|url-status=live}}</ref>

The association started [[Sikkim Gold Cup]] in 1979 with the help of the [[Government of Sikkim|Sikkim government]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=India - List of All India Governor's Gold Cup Winners (Sikkim)|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-sikkimgoldcuphist.html|access-date=2021-12-16|website=[[RSSSF]]|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507053015/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india-sikkimgoldcuphist.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

As interest in football in Sikkim went down due to the lack of organizing, former [[India national football team|India football team]] captain [[Baichung Bhutia]], who was born in Sikkim, founded the club [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]. It became the main player source for [[Sikkim football team]].

==State teams==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

===Men===
* [[Sikkim football team]]
* Sikkim under-20 football team
* Sikkim under-17 football team
{{col-2}}

===Women===
* [[Sikkim women's football team]]
* Sikkim women's under-20 football team
* Sikkim women's under-17 football team
{{col-end}}

==Affiliated district associations==
All 6 district of Sikkim are affiliated with the '''Sikkim Football Association'''.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No. !! Association !! District
!President
|-
| 1 || Gangtok District Football Association || [[Gangtok district|Gangtok]]
|
|-
| 2 || Mangan District Football Association || [[Mangan district|Mangan]]
|
|-
| 3 || Pakyong District Football Association || [[Pakyong district|Pakyong]]
|
|-
| 4 || Soreng District Football Association || [[Soreng district|Soreng]]
|
|-
| 5 || Namchi District Football Association || [[Namchi district|Namchi]]
|
|-
| 6 || Gyalshing District Football Association || [[Gyalshing district|Gyalshing]]
|
|}

==Senior competitions==
===Club level===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
====Men's====
* [[Sikkim Football League|SFA "A" Division S-League]]
* SFA "B" Division
* SFA "C" Division
* [[Sikkim Premier League]]<ref name="spl" >{{cite web |title=Sikkim Premier League begins with 8 football teams |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/sikkim/2023/01/31/sikkim-premier-league-begins-with-8-football-teams/ |website=eastmojo.com |last1=Dhungel |first1=Pankaj |date=31 January 2023 |access-date=8 March 2023 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308220934/https://www.eastmojo.com/sikkim/2023/01/31/sikkim-premier-league-begins-with-8-football-teams/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (franchise)
*[[Sikkim Gold Cup]]
*Chogyal Sir Tashi Namgyal Memorial Independence Cup
*All India Chief Minister's Gold Cup
{{col-2}}

====Women's====
* [[Sikkim Women's Football League]]
{{col-end}}

==Sikkim Football League pyramid==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Tier
!Division
!Promotion & relegation
|-
!1 (Level 5 on Indian football [[Indian football league system|pyramid]])
|[[Sikkim Premier Division League|SFA "A" Division S-League]]
|8 teams, bottom relegated to "B"-Division<ref>{{Cite web|title=India - Sikkim football structure|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/sikkim-football-league-structure-india/6njz9an3wn6g1kage4csg1mee|access-date=2021-12-16|website=goal.com|archive-date=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308213221/https://www.goal.com/en/news/sikkim-football-league-structure-india/6njz9an3wn6g1kage4csg1mee|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!2 (Level 6 on Indian football [[Indian football league system|pyramid]])
|SFA "B" Division
|top 2 teams promoted to "A" Division, bottom 2 relegated to "C"-Division<ref>{{Cite web|title=India - Sikkim football structure|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/sikkim-football-league-structure-india/6njz9an3wn6g1kage4csg1mee|access-date=2021-12-16|website=[[RSSSF]]|archive-date=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308213221/https://www.goal.com/en/news/sikkim-football-league-structure-india/6njz9an3wn6g1kage4csg1mee|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!3 (Level 7 on Indian football [[Indian football league system|pyramid]])
|SFA "C" Division
|top 2 teams promoted to "B" Division<ref>{{Cite web|title=India - Sikkim football structure|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/sikkim-football-league-structure-india/6njz9an3wn6g1kage4csg1mee|access-date=2021-12-16|website=[[RSSSF]]|archive-date=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308213221/https://www.goal.com/en/news/sikkim-football-league-structure-india/6njz9an3wn6g1kage4csg1mee|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Football in India]]
* [[North East Premier League (India)]]
* [[Sikkim Premier League]]
* [[I-League 3|Indian Football League 3]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://sikkimfootball.in/ Sikkim Football Association]

{{Football in Sikkim}}
{{Football in India}}
{{Indian state football associations}}

[[Category:Football governing bodies in India]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Football in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Sports organizations established in 1976]]

Kailash Vijayvargiya

2026-03-26T12:59:14Z

KellyePoindexter: quick update

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kailash Vijayvargiya
| image = Kailash Vijayvargiya BJP.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|5|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Indore]], [[Madhya Bharat]], [[India]] (now in [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]])
| residence = 880/9, Nandanagar, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office6 =
| president6 =
| term_start6 =
| term_end6 =
| office4 =
| constituency4 = [[Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mhow]]
| term_start4 = 2008
| term_end4 = 2018
| predecessor4 = [[Antar Singh Darbar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = Asha Vijayvargiya
| children = 2 (including [[Akash Vijayvargiya]])
| website = {{Official website|kailashonline.in}}
| footnotes =
| source =
| office7 = National General Secretary [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| successor7 =
| preceded7 =
| parents =
| country = [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya]], [[Indore]]
| office8 = [[Indore Municipal Corporation|Mayor of Indore]]
| term_start8 = 2000
| term_end8 = 2005
| term_start7 = 2015
| term_end7 = 2023
| office = [[Cabinet Minister]] [[Government of Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh Government]]
| 1blankname = [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Mohan Yadav]]
| 2blankname = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata = *Urban Development & Housing
*Parliamentary Affairs
| termstart = 25 December 2023
| termend =
| predecessor = [[O. P. S. Bhadoria]]
| termstart1 = December 2004
| termend1 = 2018
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = *[[Babulal Gaur]]
*[[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
| succeeded4 =
| office5 =
| term_start5 = 1993
| term_end5 = 2008
| constituency5 = [[Indore-2 (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Indore-2]]
| succeeded5 =
| office3 = [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency3 = [[Indore-1 Assembly constituency|Indore-1]]
| termstart3 = 25 December 2023
| predecessor3 = [[Sanjay Shukla]]
| office9 = [[Indore Municipal Corporation|Corporator Indore Municipal Corporation]]
| termstart9 = 1983
| termend9 = 1988
| predecessor8 = Madhukar Verma
| successor8 = Dr. Umashashi Sharma
| president7 = {{unbulleted list|[[Amit Shah]]|[[J. P. Nadda]]}}
| successor4 = [[Usha Thakur]]
| successor5 = [[Ramesh Mendola]]
| predecessor5 = Suresh Seth
| constituency6 = [[Indore-4 (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Indore-4]]
| termstart6 = 1990
| termend6 = 1993
| predecessor6 = Nandlal Mata
| successor6 = [[Laxman Singh Gaur]]
}}

'''Kailash Vijayvargiya''' (born 13 May 1956) is an Indian politician Serving as the Cabinet Minister of Madhya Pradesh ([[Bharatiya Janata Party]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bjp.org/organisation/office-bearers|title=National Office Bearers|last=Administrator|website=www.bjp.org|access-date=24 March 2016|archive-date=22 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022002728/http://www.bjp.org/organisation/office-bearers|url-status=dead}}</ref> He started his political career in the Indore [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], and was the mayor of Indore, a six-time legislator and a [[Government of Madhya Pradesh|state government]] cabinet minister for over 12 years before being elevated to the party's central leadership.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjps-kailash-vijayvargiya-makes-friends-and-controversies-easily-1240154|title=BJP's Kailash Vijayvargiya Makes Friends and Controversies Easily|website=NDTV.com|access-date=24 March 2016}}</ref>

Kailash Vijayvargiya was made in charge of BJP's election campaign for [[Haryana]] in 2014,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/mp-minister-vijayvargiya-appointed-bjp-s-election-in-charge-for-haryana/story-EDkjlkyjNxzDSIOSKs6uBK.html|title=MP minister Vijayvargiya appointed BJP's election in-charge for Haryana|website=www.hindustantimes.com|access-date=24 March 2016|date=26 August 2014}}</ref> after which BJP gained a majority in the assembly election. This victory allowed him to gain a more central role in party leadership, and in June 2015 he was appointed national general secretary by party president [[Amit Shah]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/mp-minister-kailash-vijayvargiya-appointed-bjp-general-secretary-115061701293_1.html|title=MP minister Kailash Vijayvargiya appointed BJP general secretary|access-date=24 March 2016|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=17 June 2015}}</ref> and the new leader of the BJP in [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/bjp-affairs-in-charge-siddharth-nath-singh-loses-bengal-to-kailash-vijayvargiya-gets-andhra/|title=BJP affairs in-charge: Siddharth Nath Singh loses Bengal to Kailash Vijayvargiya, gets Andhra|date=4 July 2015|website=The Indian Express|access-date=24 March 2016}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Kailash Vijayvargiya was born on 13 May 1956 to Shankardayal Vijayvargiya in [[Indore]]. He graduated with a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree and later earned an [[LLB]]. Vijayvargiya is married to Asha Vijayvargiya, with whom he has two sons, including politician [[Akash Vijayvargiya]].<ref name="Profile">{{cite web |title=耂वजयवग틽ᘂय, ꈅी कैलाश |url=http://mpvidhansabha.nic.in/14thvs/2014_209.pdf |website=mpvidhansabha |access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref> He built world's highest Octa metal statue of Hanuman in Indore.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/lord-hanuman-s-72-feet-high-octa-metal-statue-built-in-indore-119113000227_1.html | title=Lord Hanuman's 72 feet high octa-metal statue built in Indore | website=www.business-standard.com}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Kailash Vijayvargiya entered politics through [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] (ABVP) in 1975. He became a corporator of the Indore Municipal Corporation in 1983 and a member of the standing committee in 1985. He has been the state secretary of the [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha]] (BJYM), the BJP, and Indore, and the co-ordinator of State BJP legal cell. He became the state co-ordinator of Vidyarthi Parishad in 1985, state vice-president of the BJYM in 1992, and the national general secretary of the BJYM and the leader of Gujarat in 1993. Vijayvargiya was elected to the Vidhan Sabha in 1990, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2013.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mpinfo.org/mpinfostatic/english/council/cabinetmin/kailash_Vijayvergiya.asp|title=Department Of Public Relations, Madhya Pradesh|website=www.mpinfo.org|access-date=19 December 2019|archive-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219161214/https://www.mpinfo.org/mpinfostatic/english/council/cabinetmin/kailash_Vijayvergiya.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He was in charge of the BJP's Haryana state assembly election campaign in 2014, when the party registered its first win in the [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|Haryana state assembly election]], taking BJP's tally from 4 to 47 seats.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2014 |title=Haryana election result: BJP wins 46 seats, gets majority |url=https://kailashonline1.blogspot.com/2024/09/The%20Inspirational%20Political%20Journey%20of%20Kailash%20Vijayvargiya.html |access-date=19 December 2019 |website=India Today}}</ref> He was named the National General Secretary of the Bharatiya Janata Party as well as the party leader for [[West Bengal]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sengupta |first1=Tamal |title=BJP brings Kailash Vijayavargiya as in-charge for Bengal unit |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-brings-kailash-vijayavargiya-as-in-charge-for-bengal-unit/articleshow/47929794.cms |access-date=30 March 2021 |work=The Economic Times |date=3 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kailash Vijayvargiya appointed observer of Bengal BJP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/kailash-vijayvargiya-appointed-observer-of-bengal-bjp/article7387656.ece |access-date=30 March 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=5 July 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
He was included in the top 100 influential person list of India for year 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-28 |title=IE100: The list of most powerful Indians in 2021 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-exclusive/ie100-indias-most-powerful-2021-7248171 |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
He was considered as a game changer for BJP in West Bengal as party won 18 seats in 2019 Lok sabha election.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-results-with-18-seats-40-vote-share-bjp-trinamool-congress-pm-modi-mamata-banerjee-5745598/|title = West Bengal results: With 18 seats, 40% vote share, BJP breathes down Trinamool Congress's neck|date = 24 May 2019}}</ref>

== Mayor ==
Kailash Vijayvargiya became the first directly elected mayor of Indore Municipal Corporation in 2000. He was nominated president of the South Asia Mayors’ Council in 2003, and led the Indian Voluntary Organisation’s team at the World Earth Summit in [[Durban]].<ref name="auto"/>

He served as the Mayor of Indore after being elected in the year 2000. He assumed office at the age of 44, making him one of the youngest individuals to have held the mayoral position in the city during the era of directly elected mayors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kailash Vijayvargiya |url=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/wiki/Kailash_Vijayvargiya |access-date=5 January 2026 |website=Bharatpedia}}</ref>

In comparison, an earlier political figure from Indore, [[Narayan Prasad Shukla]], became Mayor of Indore at the age of 27, a record that places him among the youngest mayors in the city’s political history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Narayan Prasad Shukla |url=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/wiki/Narayan_Prasad_Shukla |access-date=5 January 2026 |website=Bharatpedia}}</ref>

The current Mayor of Indore is [[Pushyamitra Bhargav]], who was elected in the 2022 Indore Municipal Corporation elections and assumed office at the age of 40.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pushyamitra Bhargav |url=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/wiki/Pushyamitra_Bhargav |access-date=5 January 2026 |website=Bharatpedia}}</ref>

== State cabinet minister ==
Kailash Vijayvargiya was sworn in as cabinet minister in [[Government of Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh Government]] on 8 December 2008, and given portfolios of Public Works, Parliamentary Affairs, Urban Administration and Development. He was given a portfolio of Religious Trusts, Endowment, and Rehabilitation on 1 July 2004. Vijayvargiya again joined Babulal Gaur's Council of Ministers as Public Works Minister on 27 August 2004. He was re-inducted into Shivraj Singh Chouhan's Council of Ministers on 4 December 2005, as a Public Works, Information Technology, and Science & Technology Minister.<ref name="Profile"/>

In the second cabinet under [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]] (post-2008 elections), Vijayvargiya held portfolios of IT and Industries. In the third cabinet (post-2013 elections), Vijayvargiya held the portfolio of Urban Development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/chouhan-allocates-portfolios-gaur-gets-home/1211026/|title=Chouhan allocates portfolios, Gaur gets Home - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=19 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/madhya-pradesh/bhopal/kailash-vijayvargiya-again-appointed-general-secretary-in-newly-announced-bjp-national-executive/articleshow/86868592.cms | title=बंगाल में हार से BJP में कम नहीं हुआ कैलाश विजयवर्गीय का कद, बने रहेंगे राष्ट्रीय महासचिव }}</ref>
He brought TCS, Infosys and more than 17 IT companies to Indore.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-01-09 |title=MoU with TCS, Infy: Minster |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/mou-with-tcs-infy-minster/articleshow/11419164.cms |access-date=2023-12-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
Global investor Meet in MP was one of the biggest initiatives during his tenure as an Industry Minister.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh hosts Global Investors' Summit Inauguration 2012 |url=https://kailashonline.in/blog/global-investors-summit-inauguration-day-28-10-12/ |access-date=2012-10-28 |website=Kailash Vijayvargiya |language=en}}</ref>
Involved in finalizing 259 MOUs for setting up projects worth Rs 4.31 trillion.

== Controversies ==

=== Indore water contamination incident ===
Between December 2025 and January 2026, at least 18 people died and over 2,000 residents fell ill after consuming [[Water contamination|contaminated drinking water]] in the Bhagirathpura area of [[Indore]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-07 |title=Toxic water: Kin of 18 dead get Rs 2 lakh compensation each; panel links 6 deaths to contamination |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/toxic-water-kin-of-18-dead-get-rs-2-lakh-compensation-each-links-6-deaths-to-contamination/articleshow/126384466.cms |access-date=2026-01-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The contamination was caused by a leak in the main pipeline near a public toilet, which led to [[sewage]] mixing with the water supply. Despite multiple complaints from residents in the weeks leading up to the incident, there was no remedial action taken by the administration.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Anand |date=2026-01-02 |title=Indore's Water Deaths Expose the Rot Beneath the 'Cleanest City' Tag |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/newsletter/poll-vault-anand-mishra/indore-tap-water-deaths-sewage-contamination/article70463978.ece |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dwary |first=Anurag |date=2 January 2026 |title='Sin, Demands Repentance': BJP's Uma Bharti On Indore Water Tragedy |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sin-demands-repentance-bjps-uma-bharti-on-indore-water-tragedy-indore-water-deaths-contamination-10198688 |access-date=7 January 2026 |work=NDTV}}</ref>

During an interaction with [[NDTV]] journalist Anurag Dwary, Vijayvargia was questioned regarding accountability and the growing public health concerns. In respone, Vijayvargia dismissed the questions as "useless" and used a derogatory term "''ghanta''" while responding to Dwary.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 January 2026 |title=Journalist takes on Kailash Vijayvargiya over Indore diarrhoea deaths, minister loses cool, later regrets |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/journalist-takes-on-kailash-vijayvargiya-over-indore-diarrhoea-deaths-minister-loses-cool-later-regrets/cid/2140564 |access-date=7 January 2026 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> A video of the exchange was initially broadcast by NDTV and quickly went viral online. However, when the channel later removed the video from its platforms, it was criticised for failing to stand by its reporter due to the channel's perceived closeness to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 January 2026 |title=Abhishek Banerjee slams news channel for deleting video of BJP minister Kailash Vijayvargiya abusing journalist |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/abhishek-banerjee-slams-news-channel-for-deleting-video-of-bjp-minister-kailas-vijaybangya-abusing-journalist/cid/2140607 |access-date=7 January 2026 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> The incident renewed debate about media independence and the treatment of [[journalist]]s who question those in power.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-01-02 |title=No primetime debate on NDTV for Indore water contamination story, despite editor's viral moment |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2026/01/02/no-primetime-debate-on-ndtv-for-indore-water-contamination-story-despite-editors-viral-moment |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=Newslaundry |language=en}}</ref> Vijayvargia later issued a public apology for his remarks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lasania |first=Yunus |date=2026-01-01 |title=MP: BJP minister says 'ghanta' during verbal clash with journo, apologises |url=https://www.siasat.com/mp-bjp-minister-says-ghanta-during-verbal-clash-with-journo-apologises-3319368/ |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en}}</ref>

Vijayvargia was involved in further controversy after the suspension of Anand Malviya, the [[sub-divisional magistrate]] of Dewas, who had cited Vijayvargia's statement verbatim – including the derogatory term "''ghanta''" – and described Vijayvargia's remarks as "inhuman and authoritarian" in his official report.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-05 |title=Ujjain SDM who called Kailash Vijayvargiya's 'ghanta' comment 'authoritarian behaviour' suspended |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ujjain-sdm-kailash-vijayvargiyas-ghanta-comments-suspended-10456098/ |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2026-01-05 |title=Indore water contamination: Official suspended over reference to 'ghanta' row |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/madhya-pradesh/indore-water-contamination-official-suspended-over-reference-to-ghanta-row/article70473387.ece |access-date=2026-01-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2026-01-05 |title=SDM suspended after calling Kailash Vijayvargiya's 'Ghanta' remark on Indore deaths 'inhuman and authoritarian' |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/sdm-suspended-after-calling-kailash-vijayvargiyas-ghanta-remark-on-indore-deaths-inhuman-and-authoritarian-1503535942.html |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref> Malviya's suspension was viewed by many as [[retaliation]] for portraying Vijayvargia and the government in embarrasing light.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2026-01-05 |title=Calling Minister Vijayvargiya's 'ghanta' remark as 'indecent' in an official order leads to SDM's suspension in MP |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2026/Jan/05/calling-minister-vijayvargiyas-ghanta-remark-as-indecent-in-an-official-order-leads-to-sdms-suspension-in-mp |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Rabindra Nath |date=2026-01-05 |title='Ghanta' Remark Enters MP Govt Records, SDM and Typist Suspended |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/ghanta-remark-enters-mp-govt-records-sdm-and-typist-suspended-1928475 |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of people from Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[:Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|kailashonline.in}}

{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayvargiya, Kailash}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mayors of places in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politicians from Indore]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1993–1998]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1998–2003]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya alumni]]

Jayaprakash Nagar, Bengaluru

2026-03-16T19:50:33Z

KellyePoindexter:

{{about|the locality in [[Bangalore]]|the locality in [[Mysore]]|Jayaprakash Nagara Mysore}}
{{refimprove|date=April 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jayaprakash Nagara
| native_name = ಜಯಪ್ರಕಾಶ ನಗರ
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = J. P. Nagara
| settlement_type = Residential Neighbourhood; Commercial Hub of South Bengaluru
| image_skyline = J. P. Nagar.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname = Jayaprakash Narayan Nagara (J.P Nagara)
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bangalore
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|12.912|N|77.593|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = Metro
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bengaluru]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 280
508<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vigeyegpms.in/bbmp/?module=public&action=wardinfo&wardid=134 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601011118/http://www.vigeyegpms.in/bbmp/?module=public&action=wardinfo&wardid=134 |archive-date=1 June 2015 |title=Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palika}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 280,000
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 560062,560076,560078
| registration_plate = KA-05
| blank1_name_sec1 = Municipal body
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike|BBMP]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Ward Nos.
| blank2_info_sec1 = 177<ref>[http://ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Details%20of%20wards%20and%20assembly%20constituencies%20in%20BBMP%20area.pdf Details of wards and assembly] kar.nic.in</ref>
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha|LS]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|VS]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Jayanagar (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Jayanagara]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Member of parliament|MP]]
| blank5_info_sec1 = [[Tejasvi Surya]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| blank6_name_sec1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| blank6_info_sec1 = C K Ramamurthy, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name = Jayaprakash Nagara
}}

'''Jayaprakash Nagara''' also known as '''J P Nagara''', is an upscale residential neighbourhood located in the south of [[Bangalore]], India. It is named after prominent Indian leader [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]. It is an important commercial hub and a densely populated part of South Bengaluru.

It is well connected to metro through the metro stations of- [[Jayaprakash Narayan Nagar Metro]], [[Banashankari Metro]], [[RV Road Metro]], [[Ragigudda Metro]], [[Jayadeva Hospital Metro]] and to the upcoming metro stations of [[JP Nagar 4th Phase]] and [[JP Nagar 5th Phase]].

It is located in proximity to [[Jayanagara, Bangalore|Jayanagara]], and other areas [[Banashankari, Bangalore|Banashankari]], [[Bannerghatta Road]], [[BTM Layout]], [[Arekere]], [[Hulimavu]], [[Yelachenahalli]], [[Puttenahalli]], [[Doresanipalya]], [[MICO Layout]], [[Kumaraswamy Layout]], [[Tavarkere]] and [[Anjanapura]].

It was developed by the BDA (Bengaluru Development Authority) in the late 1970's and early 1980's to accommodate the growing population of Bengaluru as it expanded southwards of the city, and to relieve pressure from the old congested parts of [[Jayanagar, Bangalore|Jayanagar]], [[Banashankari]] and [[Basavanagudi]].

It is divided into 10 divisions with Phases 1-3 within the [[Outer Ring Road, Bangalore|Outer Ring Road]], Phases 4-7 (Near [[Puttenhalli]] and [[Arekere West]]) and the remaining Phases of 8-10 bordering southern areas such as Kothnur Dinne, Jambusavari Dinne, Konanakunte, Amruth Nagar, [[Gottigere]] and [[Anjanapura]]. The 24th Main Road connects it to northern parts of Marenahalli, [[Jayanagar, Bangalore|Jayanagar]] and intersects the [[Outer Ring Road, Bangalore|Outer Ring Road]] junction at its geometric centre.

It was initially known as Sarakki Agrahara, known for its vegetable gardens, fruit orchards and fertile areas for agricultural activities. Some remnants of these gardens are seen in the [[Mini Forest]] park near J.P Nagara 3rd Phase.

==Development and Infrastructure==
J.P. Nagar is primarily a residential neighborhood with a mix of independent houses, apartments, and villas. The area features various commercial establishments, including shops, restaurants, and offices. There are several parks and recreational spaces, contributing to the area's livability. Notable ones include the J.P. Nagar Park and the Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Park.
==Transportation==
Well-connected by major roads and highways, including the [[Outer Ring Road, Bangalore|Outer Ring Road]] and [[National Highway 948 (India)|Kanakapura Road]]. Served by [[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation]] (BMTC) buses and is also accessible by auto-rickshaws and taxis. The [[Namma Metro]]'s [[Yellow Line (Namma Metro)|Yellow Line]] (R V Road - [[Bommasandra]]) passes through J.P. Nagar, enhancing connectivity.
==Educational Institutions==
Numerous schools and educational institutions are located in the area, such as JSS Public School and BGS International School. There are also several colleges and higher education institutions nearby.
==Healthcare Facilities==
The area is home to several healthcare facilities, including hospitals and clinics, such as the Sakra Premium Clinic and [[Fortis Healthcare|Fortis La Femme Hospital]].
==Commercial and Social Amenities==
Various shopping complexes and markets, including the Gopalan Legacy and other local markets. A wide range of restaurants, cafes, and eateries offer diverse culinary options.
==Real Estate==
The real estate market features a variety of property options, including high-end apartments, mid-range housing, and affordable options. J.P. Nagar is known for its well-planned layout and green spaces, making it a desirable residential area. Overall, J.P. Nagar is a well-developed, well-connected locality with a good mix of residential, commercial, and recreational amenities, contributing to its popularity among Bangaloreans.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|J. P. Nagar}}

[[Category: Memorials to Jayaprakash Narayan]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in South Bengaluru]]

DSB International School

2026-03-11T12:57:37Z

KellyePoindexter: added references

{{multiple issues|
{{primary sources|date=June 2015}}
{{promotional|date=February 2016}}
{{COI|date=February 2016}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = DSB International School
| native_name = Deutsche Schule Bombay
| image = File:Garden Campus.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Garden Campus
| logo =
| motto = Learning Growing Minds{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
| established = 1961
| type = [[Private School|Private]]
| status =
| category_label =
| category =
| gender_label =
| gender = Co-Ed
| affiliation =
| affiliations =
| administrator =
| chairman_label =
| rector =
| principal = Howard Gee
| campus_director =
| officer_in_charge =
| faculty =
| teaching_staff =
| enrollment = approx. 200
| grades_label =
| grades = Early years-12
| address =
| city = [[Mumbai]]
| state = Maharashtra
| country = India
| latitude =
| longitude =
| district =
| oversight =
| accreditation =
| colors = Blue, red, yellow
| website = {{URL|http://www.dsbindia.com}}
}}
{{OSM Location map
|float = right
|width=255
| coord = {{coord|18.9595|72.8198}}
| mark-coord = {{coord|18.970056|72.80321600000002 }} |label =Garden |label-pos = left
| mark-coord2 = {{coord|18.9573259|72.80812229999992 }} |label2=Aurum House |label-pos2 = right
| zoom = 12 
| caption = Campuses
}}

'''DSB International School,''' also known as Deutsche Schule Bombay, is an international school located in the city of [[Mumbai]], India. It provides the [[National Curriculum of England]] and the German Curriculum of [[Thuringia]] and was established in 1961.<ref>{{cite news|title=DSB International School Mumbai|url=https://www.eduvidya.com/Schools/DSB-International-School#|accessdate=10 October 2018|work=eduvidya}}</ref>

==Curriculum==
DSB International School follows the [[English National Curriculum]] for students aged 3–18 years. The Cambridge [[IGCSE]] is offered to students between the ages of 14 and 16 and the [[IB Diploma Programme]] caters to pre-university students between the age of 16 and 19. The school is partly [[Germany|German]] and offers German and [[French language|French]] as a first language.

The German section follows the curriculum for German Schools Abroad (Thüringen) up to the age of 14 years. After this point, students join the International Section to take [[IGCSE]] and [[IBDP]], both of which are fully recognized in Germany.

==Campuses==
DSB International School has two campuses. In 1967, the school moved into Garden Campus in [[Breach Candy]], which is the current Lower Primary Campus (Kindergarten through Year 4/Grade/Klasse 5). In 2014, the Secondary School moved into the Aurum House in [[Babulnath]] (from Year 5/Grade/Klasse 6).<ref>"[http://www.dsbindia.com/en/contact-us Contact Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211105806/http://www.dsbindia.com/en/contact-us |date=11 February 2015 }}." DSB International School. Retrieved on 11 February 2015. "Garden Campus: Students from Kindergarten to Year 4 / Klasse 5 DSB INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL 76 Bhulabhai Desai Road, Breach Candy Mumbai - 400 026 India." and "Aurum House: Students from Year 5 / Klasse 6 DSB INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL 25 Dadi Seth Road, Babulnath Mumbai - 400 007 India. "</ref>

==History==
Due to growing diplomatic relations between [[India]] and Germany, and partly due to the influx of German companies in [[India]], many German citizens were attracted to India, especially to the city of [[Mumbai]]. With the focus of educating German expatriates in India with a German method of teaching, the ''Deutsche Schulverien'' was built. Despite being built to cater exclusively to the German diaspora, children from countries such as [[Chile]] and [[Japan]] were admitted.

In 1967, the school moved to the Garden Campus. At the beginning of the 2000s, fewer Germans were coming to India, and the school started an international section with the British, Cambridge IGCSE and IB Curricula. In 2014, the new Aurum House, or AU, was built for the secondary grades.

==Student life==
The school offers after-school activities including creative, cultural, sporting, adventure and service activities. Students have the opportunity to become active in Model United Nations and the [[Duke of Edinburgh Award]]. Students participate at external MUN conferences at a national and international level. Several Mumbai-based international schools hold MUN conferences which DSB participates in. Further, DSB sends delegates to [[COBIS]] MUN and the [[Harvard Model Congress]] Europe (HMCE).

Many of the students are [[expatriate]]s from over 20 countries while others are of [[Indian diaspora|Indian ancestry]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|DSB International School}}
{{Portal bar|Germany|Schools|India}}

{{International schools in India}}
{{German schools in Asia}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:German international schools in India]]
[[Category:International schools in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1961]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Sunny Hinduja

2026-03-05T21:21:39Z

KellyePoindexter: entry

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sunny Hinduja
| image = Sunny-hinduja.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Sunny Hinduja
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|nov|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Indore]],
[[Madhya Pradesh]], India
| alma_mater = [[Film and Television Institute of India]] (FTII), [[Pune]]. {{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}
| other_names =
| years_active = 2010–present
| occupation = Actor
| known_for = ''[[TVF Aspirants]]''
| spouse = Shinjini Raval<ref>{{cite news |title=Sunny Hinduja utilizes short work break to meet parents in Dubai |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/sunny-hinduja-utilizes-short-work-break-to-meet-parents-in-dubai-101634708778848.html |access-date=29 July 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=20 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
| parents =
| relatives =
}}
'''Sunny Hinduja''' (born 25 November 1985) is an Indian actor. He is known for his work in the Hindi film and television industry. In 2021, he gained popularity among the audience by playing an important character of Sandeep Bhaiya in the TVF web series, ''[[Aspirants (web series)|Aspirants]]''. He has also worked in TV series ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]'' (2019), ''[[Chacha Vidhayak Hain Humare|Chacha Vidhayak Hain Humare Season 2]]'' (2021), and Jamun (2021).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://origin.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/sunny-hinduja-on-chacha-vidhayak-hain-humare-season-2-i-felt-it-was-a-breakthrough-role-for-me-23168184| title= Sunny Hinduja on Chacha Vidhayak Hain Humare Season 2: I felt it was a breakthrough role for me| work= Mid Day| date= 13 April 2021| access-date= 1 May 2022| archive-date= 1 December 2024| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20241201234134/https://origin.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/sunny-hinduja-on-chacha-vidhayak-hain-humare-season-2-i-felt-it-was-a-breakthrough-role-for-me-23168184| url-status= dead}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==

Sunny Hinduja was born in a Sindhi family in [[Indore]], Madhya Pradesh. His father's name is Satram Das Hinduja and his elder brother is Dhiraj Hinduja.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://thecelebbio.com/actor/sunny-hinduja-wiki-biography-age-height-weight-movies-tv-shows-web-series-wife-family-man-hometown-parents-siblings/ | title= unny Hinduja - Biography| access-date= 27 February 2026}}</ref> He completed studies from [[Daly College]] of Indore, Madhya Pradesh and [[Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Dubai Campus]]. Sunny received his actor training at the [[Film and Television Institute of India]] (FTII), [[Pune]]. <ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/entertainment/the-family-man-actor-sunny-hinduja-on-his-time-in-dubai | title= 'The Family Man' actor Sunny Hinduja on his time in Dubai| work= Khaleej Times | date= 16 June 2021| access-date= 27 February 2026}}</ref>

== Career ==

Sunny debuted with the film Shaapit: The Cursed in the year 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sunny Hinduja: The journey of an actor is a spiritual one because you discover new aspects of your personality | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sunny-hinduja-the-journey-of-an-actor-is-a-spiritual-one-because-you-discover-new-aspects-of-your-personality/articleshow/84851327.cms |access-date=29 July 2021 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=26 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref> He also served as a theater artist at FTII and played several long and short plays. Sunny also starred in the movie Ballad of Rustom, in which he performed the lead role in Rustum. In 2012, Sunny was part of an international project led by 25 filmmakers worldwide, The Owner. He has appeared in several television ads such as Sprite, Continental Coffee, etc.

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2008
| ''Shaapit''
| Kuljeet Singh
|
|-
| 2011
| ''Cycle Kick''
| Ali Mirza
|
|-
| 2018
| ''Aasma''
| Usman
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Pinky Memsaab]]''
| Santosh
|
|-
| rowspan=2|2019
| ''[[The Tashkent Files]]''
| Raagini's neighbour
| Deleted scene
|-
| ''[[Mardaani 2]]''
| Viplav Beniwal<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-every-girlwoman-can-be-mardaani-sunny-hinduja-is-elated-by-mardaani-2-success-2806989 | title= Every girl/woman can be Mardaani: Sunny Hinduja is elated by 'Mardaani 2' success| work= DNA India | date= 26 December 2019| access-date= 1 May 2022}}</ref>
|
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Jamun (2021 film)|Jamun]]''
| Amar Jamun Prashad
| Movie released on [[Eros Now]]
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Thai Massage (film)|Thai Massage]]''
| Mukesh Dubey
| Movie released on [[Netflix]]
|-
| 2023
|''[[Shehzada (2023 film)|Shehzada]]''
| Sarang Paul
|
|-
| 2024
|''[[Yodha (2024 film)|Yodha]]''
| Rafiq
|
|-
|2024||''[[Hello Mummy]]''||Aashabha||Malayalam film
|}

=== Web-series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2019–21
| ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]''
| Milind Hinduja<ref>{{cite web| url= https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-family-man-season-2-sunny-hinduja-milind-success-character-aspirants-sandeep-bhaiya-raj-and-dk-manoj-bajpayee-7356983/ | title= Sunny Hinduja on Milind's fate in The Family Man 2: It made me sad initially | work= Indian Express | date= 18 June 2021| access-date= 1 May 2022}}</ref>
| Released on [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|''[[Rasbhari]]''
|Pappu Tiwari
|Released on [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
|''[[Bhaukaal (web series)|Bhaukaal]]''
|Farukh Qureshi
|
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Inside Edge (TV series)|Inside Edge]]''
| Sultan Ali Khan
| Released on [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
|2021–present
| ''[[Aspirants (web series)|Aspirants]]''
| Sandeep<ref name=":0">{{cite web| url= https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/ott/sunny-hinduja-on-inside-edge-aspirants-and-everything-in-between-143005| title= Sunny Hinduja on Inside Edge, Aspirants and how Manoj Bajpayee inspires him| work= News9| date= 27 December 2021| access-date= 1 May 2022| archive-date= 27 December 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211227055505/https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/ott/sunny-hinduja-on-inside-edge-aspirants-and-everything-in-between-143005| url-status= dead}}</ref>
| Released on [[The Viral Fever|TVFPlay]], YouTube and [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
|2021
| ''[[Chacha Vidhayak Hain Humare]]''
| Vicky Maheshwari
| Released on [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
|2023
|Sandeep Bhaiya
|Sandeep<ref name=":0" />
|Released on [[The Viral Fever|TVFPlay]] and YouTube
|-
|2023
|''[[The Railway Men]]''<ref>{{cite web| url= https://ianslive.in/sunny-hinduja-calls-the-railway-men-a-heartfelt-tribute-to-the-selfless-heroes--20251118120540 | title= Sunny Hinduja calls The Railway Men, as Heartfelt Tribute| work= Ians Live | access-date= 2 Mar 2026}}</ref>
|[[Rajkumar Keswani|Jagmohan Kumawat]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Netflix]]
|-
|2025
|''[[Mandala murders]]''
|Anant Pant<ref>{{cite web| url= https://lensmenreviews.com/mandala-murders-hindi-series-review-netflix-2025/ | title= Mandala Murders Review - A Derivative Atmospheric Thriller That Becomes Sillier as It Moves Forward
| work= LensMenReviews | access-date= 27 February 2026}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Saare Jahan Se Accha: The Silent Guardians]]''
|Ali Murtaza Malik,<ref>{{cite web|website=Times of India|access-date=16 August 2025|url=
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/saare-jahan-se-accha-the-silent-guardians/seriesreview/123252989.cms|title= Saare Jahan Se Accha: The Silent Guardians |date=
August 16, 2025}}</ref> head of ISI
|}

=== TV series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2010
|[[YRF Television|Seven]]
|Shiven
|Premiered on [[Sony TV]] (India)
|-
|2010
|[[Rishta.com]]
|Hemant Khosla
|Premiered on [[Sony TV]] (India)
|-
|2011–2012
|[[Chandragupta Maurya (2011 TV series)|Chandragupta Maurya]]
|[[Callisthenes]]
|Premiered on [[Imagine TV]] (India)
|-
|2014
|''[[Adrishya]]''
|[[Ravindra Kaushik]]
|Premiered on [[Epic TV]] (India)
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Reporters (Indian TV series)|Reporters]]''
| Manav Gupta
| Premiered on [[Sony Entertainment Television]] (India)
|-
| 2019–2020
|''[[Mere Dad Ki Dulhan]]''
| Anurag Malhotra
| Premiered on [[Sony Entertainment Television]] (India)
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|4482922}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hinduja, Sunny}}
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]

Ponthan Mada

2026-03-03T21:27:42Z

KellyePoindexter: Minor edits and structural improvements

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ponthan Mada
| image = Ponthan Mada.jpg

| caption = Poster
| director = [[T. V. Chandran]]
| producer = T. Ravindranath
| story = [[C. V. Sreeraman]]
| screenplay = T. V. Chandran
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Mammootty]]|[[Naseeruddin Shah]]|[[Sreejaya Nair|Sreejaya]]|[[Laboni Sarkar]]|[[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]]|[[Maniyanpilla Raju]]}}
| music = [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
| cinematography = [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]]
| editing = Venugopal
| distributor = Mac Release
| released = {{Film date|1994|03|10|df=yes}}
| runtime = 119 min
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Ponthan Mada''''' is a 1994 Indian [[Malayalam|Malayalam-language]] film written and directed by [[T. V. Chandran]]. The film stars [[Mammootty]] and [[Naseeruddin Shah]]. It is based on two short stories, ''Ponthan Mada'' and ''Sheema Thampuran'' by [[C. V. Sreeraman]]. The film won four awards at the [[National Film Awards]] including the [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] award for Mammotty. It also won the [[Kerala State Film Awards|Kerala State Film Award]] for the best second film. This is the only [[Malayalam language|Malayalam-language]] film of Naseeruddin Shah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/throwback-tuesday-when-mammootty-became-the-lead-character-in-tv-chandrans-ponthan-mada/articleshow/87866089.cms|title=Throwback Tuesday: When Mammootty became the lead character in TV Chandran's 'Ponthan Mada'|work=The Times of India|date=23 November 2021}}</ref> The film was a commercial success.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110725213203/http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/94ff8a4a35a9b8876525698d002642a9/46344d1a8344a1f9652572df003429af/$FILE/A0190307.pdf "Malayalam cinema faces a threat"]. ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]''. 24 September 1994. Archived from [http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/94ff8a4a35a9b8876525698d002642a9/46344d1a8344a1f9652572df003429af/%24FILE/A0190307.pdf the original] on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2011.</ref>

==Plot==
Set in the 1940s [[British Raj|British India]], the film is about the extraordinary, uncanny and touching relationship between the so-called low-caste Ponthan Mada and his colonial landlord Sheema Thampuran, who was expelled to British India from England during his youth for supporting the [[Irish Republican Army]]. Crossing the class boundaries, the two communicate through Thampuran's window with Mada hanging from an areca palm tree.

==Cast==
* [[Mammootty]] as Mada
* [[Sreejaya Nair]] as Reshmi
* [[Naseeruddin Shah]] as Sheema Thampuran
*[[Laboni Sarkar]] as Karthu / Kathreena
* [[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as Landlord
* [[Maniyanpilla Raju]] as Gopala Kammal
* [[V. K. Sreeraman]] as Gopi
* [[P. K. Abraham]] as Reshmi's Father
* [[Mahesh (Malayalam actor)|Mahesh]] as Rameshan
* [[Zeenath]] as Cheriyamma
* [[Mavelikkara Ponnamma]]
* [[Salu Kuttanadu]] as Karuvang Iriyachan
*Premachandran
* [[Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy]] as Thampuran's Mother

==Soundtrack==
ONV Kurup penned the lyrics.

*"Madam Kondu Adimaranke" - K. S. Chitra

==Awards==
The film has won the following awards since its release:

'''[[41st National Film Awards|1993]] [[National Film Awards]] ([[India]])'''
* [[National Film Award for Best Direction|Golden Lotus Award - Best Director]] - [[T. V. Chandran]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Silver Lotus Award - Best Actor]] - [[Mammootty]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Silver Lotus Award - Best Music Director]] - [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography|Silver Lotus Award - Best Cinematography]] - [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]]

'''1994 [[Kerala State Film Awards]] ([[India]])'''
* Won - [[Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Film]] - Second Best Film

'''Other awards'''
* [[Muttathu Varkey Award]] (2016) - T. V. Chandran (for screenplay)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/muttathu-varkey-award-for-tv-chandran/article18289268.ece|title=Muttathu Varkey Award for T.V. Chandran|date=29 April 2017|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0248317|title=Ponthan Mada}}

{{T. V. Chandran}}

[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:1994 drama films]]
[[Category:1994 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. V. Chandran]]
[[Category:Films scored by Johnson]]
[[Category:Films whose director won the Best Director National Film Award]]
[[Category:Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography National Film Award]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Actor National Award–winning performance]]
[[Category:Films set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Theeram Thedunna Thira

2026-03-03T21:13:26Z

KellyePoindexter: added info

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Theeram Thedunna Thira
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[A. Vincent]]
| producer = [[Boban Kunchacko]]
| writer = [[P. K. Sarangapani]]
| screenplay = [[P. K. Sarangapani]]
| starring = [[Prem Nazir]] [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]] [[Mammootty]] [[Ratheesh]] [[Raveendran]]
| music = [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]
| cinematography = [[Jayanan Vincent]]
| editing = T. R. Sekhar
| studio = Excel Productions
| distributor = Excel Productions
| released = {{Film date|1983|2|4|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Theeram Thedunna Thira''''' ({{Translation|The wave searching for the shore}}) is a 1983 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film directed by [[A. Vincent]] and produced by [[Boban Kunchacko]]. The film stars [[Prem Nazir]], [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]], [[Mammootty]], [[Ratheesh]] and [[Raveendran]]. The film has musical score by [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1373|title=Theeram Thedunna Thira|accessdate=2014-10-07|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?3682|title=Theeram Thedunna Thira|accessdate=2014-10-07|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/theeram-thedunna-thira-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011124920/http://spicyonion.com/title/theeram-thedunna-thira-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 October 2014|title=Theeram Thedunna Thira|accessdate=2014-10-07|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Prem Nazir]] as Sudhakaran
*[[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]] as Jayalakshmi
*[[Mammootty]] as Madhu
*[[Ratheesh]] as Jayadevan
*[[KPAC Lalitha]] as Madhavi
*[[Raveendran]] as Suresh
*[[Silk Smitha]] as Smitha
*[[Sukumari]] as Jayalakshmi's mother
*[[T. G. Ravi]] as Balakrishnan
*[[P. K. Abraham]] as Govidan master
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Thampi
*[[Prathapachandran]] as Justice Prabhakaran
*[[Santhakumari]] as Sudhakaran's mother
*[[Mala Aravindan]] as Sekhara Pilla
*[[Alummoodan]] as Kumaran
*[[Nithya Ravindran]] as Nurse
*Jayasree Krishna as Usha
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] and the lyrics were written by Kozhissery Balaraman and [[P. Bhaskaran]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Jeevitham Oru Mareechika" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || Kozhissery Balaraman ||
|-
| 2 || "Kandu Kandilla" || [[Ambili (singer)|Ambili]], [[Jency]] || Kozhissery Balaraman ||
|-
| 3 || "Kanninte Karppooram" || [[S. Janaki]] || Kozhissery Balaraman ||
|-
| 4 || "Kanninte Karppooram Karalinu Sayoojyam" || K. J. Yesudas || Kozhissery Balaraman ||
|-
| 5 || "Nee Varille" || S. Janaki || Kozhissery Balaraman ||
|-
| 6 || "Sundaramaam Kanmunayal" || S. Janaki || [[P. Bhaskaran]] ||
|-
| 7 || "Swarna Theril" || K. J. Yesudas, Ambili || Kozhissery Balaraman ||
|-
| 8 || "Theeram Thedi Thira Vannu" || K. J. Yesudas || Kozhissery Balaraman ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0267974|Theeram Thedunna Thira}}

[[Category:1982 films]]
[[Category:1982 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. Vincent]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

INSAT-3E

2026-03-03T20:26:09Z

KellyePoindexter: quick update

{{Short description|Indian communications satellite, 2003–2014}}
{{No footnotes|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = INSAT-3E
| image = insat3e.jpg
| image_caption =
| mission_type = [[Communications satellite|Communications]]
| operator = [[INSAT]]
| website =
| COSPAR_ID = 2003-047E
| SATCAT = 27951
| mission_duration = 10 years, 5 months, 5 days
| spacecraft_bus = [[I-2K]]
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| launch_mass = {{convert|2775|kg|lb}}
| power = 2,400 watts
| dry_mass = {{convert|1218|kg|lb}}
| dimensions = {{convert|2.0|*|1.77|*|2.8|m|ft}}
| launch_date = {{start-date|27 September 2003, 23:14:46|timezone=yes}} UTC<ref name="launchlog">{{cite web|url=https://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=30 October 2013}}</ref>
| launch_rocket = [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5G]] V162
| launch_site = [[Guiana Space Centre|Kourou]] [[ELA-3]]
| launch_contractor = [[Arianespace]]
| disposal_type = Moved to a graveyard orbit
| deactivated = 
| orbit_epoch = 30 October 2013, 02:33:58 UTC<ref name="n2yo">{{cite web|url=https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=27951|title=INSAT 3E Satellite details 2003-043E NORAD 27951|work=N2YO|date=30 October 2013|access-date=30 October 2013}}</ref>
| orbit_reference = [[Geosynchronous orbit|Geosynchronous]]
| orbit_regime = [[geostationary orbit|Geostationary]] (''till 2014'') [[graveyard orbit|Graveyard Orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|35764|km|mi}} (''till 2014'')
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|35819|km|mi}} (''till 2014'')
| orbit_inclination = 0.06 degrees
| orbit_period = 23.93 hours
| orbit_longitude = 55° east (''till 2014'')
| trans_band = 24 [[C band (IEEE)|C band]] 12 [[Extended C band]]
| trans_frequency =
| trans_bandwidth =
| trans_capacity =
| trans_coverage =
| trans_TWTA =
| trans_EIRP =
| trans_HPBW =
| programme = [[Indian National Satellite System|INSAT]]
| previous_mission = [[INSAT-3DS]]
| next_mission = [[INSAT-4A]]
}}
'''INSAT 3E''' is a defunct [[communication satellite]] built by [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]. It was launched on September 28, 2003, from the [[European Space Agency]]'s spaceport in [[French Guiana]] on board the [[Ariane rocket]]. The satellite had a launch mass of 2750 kilograms. It is the 4th satellite launched in the INSAT-3 series for [[INSAT]]. It was designed for providing high-speed communication, [[Television]], [[VSAT]] & Tele-education services and was an important landmark in Indian Space Programme.

In April 2014, almost eleven years after being launched, the satellite ran out of oxidizer and a few days later, was decommissioned by the ISRO. A few days later, it was moved into a [[graveyard orbit]].<ref name="thehindu.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/after-10-years-in-orbit-insat3e-expires/article5859974.ece|title=After 10 years in orbit, INSAT-3E expires|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2 April 2014|last1=S|first1=Madhumathi D.}}</ref>

== Launch ==
INSAT 3E was launched from [[Kourou]], French Guiana on September 28, 2003, on European consortium Ariane space's Ariane 5-V162 launcher along with two other satellites viz. [[Eurobird 3]] of [[Eutelsat]] and [[SMART-1]] of European Space Agency at 4.44 am IST.It was placed into a geosynchronous transfer orbit 30 minutes after the lift-off, in 3-axis stabilised mode, with a perigee of 649 km and an apogee of 35,923 km and an inclination of 7 deg. with respect to the equator. Its [[Master Control Facility|master control facility]] is at [[Hassan, India|Hassan]], Karnataka (India).

== Payload ==
INSAT 3E payload consists of C-band and extended C-band transponders. It has 24 [[C band (IEEE)|C-band]] transponders, having India beam coverage providing an Edge Of Coverage-[[Equivalent isotropically radiated power|Effective Isotropic Radiated Power]] (EOC-EIRP) of 38.5 dBW and 12 upper extended C-band transponders having India beam coverage providing an EOC-EIRP of 38 dBW.

==Retirement==

On April 1, 2014, [[Dr. K. Radhakrishnan]], while speaking to the Indian English newspaper "[[The Hindu]]", said that INSAT 3E had been decommissioned. The newspaper reported that a few days before, the satellite had run out of the on-board oxidizer, which is essential to burn the fuel that kept it Earth-locked (fixed over India) and running its daily functions. The ISRO had apparently expected that the satellite, positioned at 55 degrees E longitude, would last a few more months and that it would be smoothly replaced with [[GSAT-16]]. The Master Control Facility at Hassan moved the expired satellite into a [[graveyard orbit]] a few days after.<ref name="thehindu.com"/>

== Services ==
* Television
* VSAT
* Communication
* Tele-education providing education to the poor and needy
* Tele-medicine administering medical services from the metros to villages & remote areas

== References ==
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asia.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=12658 |title=INSAT-3E Launched successfully | SpaceRef Asia - Space News and Reference |access-date=2010-12-22 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701140726/http://asia.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=12658 |archive-date=2012-07-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.flysat.com/insat83.php |title=FlySat G-Sat 10 - Insat 4A @ 83° East |access-date=2010-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728230150/http://www.flysat.com/insat83.php |archive-date=2017-07-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/09/23/stories/2003092300981300.htm |title=The Hindu : INSAT 3E will take tally to 128 transponders |website=www.hindu.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040101065842/http://www.hindu.com/2003/09/23/stories/2003092300981300.htm |archive-date=1 January 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/insat-3e.htm|title = Insat 3E}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.satbeams.com/satellites?norad=27951|title = Satbeams - World of Satellites at your fingertips}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=25015 |title=Communication satellite Insat-3E launched - Express India |website=www.expressindia.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011031130/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=25015 |archive-date=2012-10-11}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tracksat.com/satellite11.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626045043/http://www.tracksat.com/satellite11.html |archive-date=June 26, 2009 | title=TrackSat: Insat 3E @ 55° East}}</ref>
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [http://www.isro.org ISRO website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205151510/http://www.isro.org/ |date=2012-02-05 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180518050953/http://www.antrix.gov.in/ Commercial arm of ISRO]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101215062429/http://dst.gov.in/stsysindia/space.htm Deptt. of Space Under Deptt. Of Science & Tech., Government Of India]

{{INSAT Satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 2003}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Insat-3e}}
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2003]]
[[Category:Communications satellites in geostationary orbit]]
[[Category:Satellite Internet access]]
[[Category:Satellite television]]
[[Category:INSAT satellites]]
[[Category:2003 in India]]

Tochi Raina

2026-03-02T11:19:00Z

KellyePoindexter: details!

{{unreliable sources|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Tochi Raina
| birth_name = Tarlochan Raina<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{Cite news|url = https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/riyaaz-karange-te-raj-karange/story-IzBe9GKmQbNCQKxqyKnNKJ.html |title = Riyaaz karange te raj karange |date = 20 October 2020 |work = Hindustan Times |access-date = 6 December 2021 }}</ref>
| image = Tochi Raina.jpg
| caption = Raina in January 2015
| genre = [[Sufi]],<ref name="sufi-singer"/> [[Filmi]], [[Hindustani classical music]], [[Sufi]]
| occupation = Singer, composer
| associated_acts = [[Band of Bandagi]]<ref name="ListOfSongs"/>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1971|09|02}}
| birth_place = [[Darbhanga]], [[Bihar]], India<ref name= TochiOfficial>{{cite web |url=http://www.tochiraina.com | title= Tochi Raina's Official Website | date=11 November 2012 | publisher = TochiRaina.com, The Official Website of Tochi Raina | accessdate = 11 November 2012}}</ref>
| instrument = Vocals
}}
'''Tochi Raina''' (born 2 September 1971) is an Indian singer, composer and philosopher, best known as a playback singer in [[Hindi]] films.<ref name=sufi-singer>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/Amit-Trivedi-is-a-genius-Tochi-Raina/articleshow/7278233.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531074400/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-13/news-and-interviews/28361536_1_sufi-singer-sufi-music-mithi|url-status=live|archive-date=31 May 2012|title=Tochi Rania, Sufi singer|date=13 January 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=13 August 2011}}</ref><ref name= TochiRaina>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Coke-Studio--Live/829895/|title= Tochi Raina|date=12 August 2011|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> His most notable works include the songs ''Kabira'' for the movie "[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]", "Iktara" from "[[Wake Up Sid]]", ''Ishq Waale Chor Hain''<ref name="facebook.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.facebook.com/IshqWaaleChorHain |title=Ishq Waale Chor Hain |publisher=Facebook |accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=February 2020}} for the [[Hindi]] movie Kya yahi sach hai with Vishal Khurana,<ref>{{cite web|author=Sachin Chawla |url=http://www.vishalkhurana.com |title=Music Director |publisher=Vishal Khurana |accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref> ''Saibo'' for the [[Hindi]] movie [[Shor in the City]] a duet with [[Shreya Ghosal]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/2011/05/06203447/A-brand-new-sound-cocktail.html|title=A brand new sound cocktail – Culture |publisher=livemint.com |date=6 May 2011 |accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref><ref name=ShorInTheCity>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/Amit-Trivedi-is-a-genius-Tochi-Raina/articleshow/7278233.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531074400/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-13/news-and-interviews/28361536_1_sufi-singer-sufi-music-mithi|url-status=live|archive-date=31 May 2012|title=Shor in the City|date=16 May 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=13 August 2011}}</ref> ''Maldar Ki Jeb'' for the movie [[Bhindi Baazaar Inc.]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Harshit |url=http://happysing.com/2011/04/bhindi-bazaar-inc-music-review-sandeep-surya |title=Bhindi Baazaar Inc. Music Review – Bhindi Bazaar |publisher=HappySing |date=17 April 2011 |accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref> and ''Aali Re'' for the movie [[No One Killed Jessica]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123playlist.com/search/video/1/dilli+tochi.html |title=dilli tochi – Free Music Playlist & Free Music Listen & Online Music Player |publisher=123playlist.com |date=7 January 2011 |accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref> He recorded a music album 'Tochinaamah' consisting 3 songs – Saaiyaan,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gaana.com/song/saaiyaan-18|title=Saaiyaan|website=Gaana|access-date=14 April 2016}}</ref> Jamoora<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gaana.com/song/jamoora-1|title=Jamoora|website=Gaana|access-date=14 April 2016}}</ref> and Akela.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gaana.com/song/akela-2|title=Akela|website=Gaana|access-date=14 April 2016}}</ref>

==Early life==
He was born in a [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] [[Sikhs|Sikh]] family<ref>{{cite web|title=Tochi Raina Interview with LemonWire| website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQY2lniodBY&t=208s|date=16 April 2019|accessdate=6 December 2021}}</ref> to Sahib and Surjit Kumar Raina in [[Darbhanga]], [[Bihar]] and went to school in [[Nepal]] where his father, a government employee, was posted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/I-never-thought-that-I-wanted-to-be-a-singer-Tochi-Raina/articleshow/20682573.cms|title=I never thought that I wanted to be a singer: Tochi Raina - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 June 2013 }}</ref>

He hails from a family with music background. His father played the harmonium, his grandmother was a [[Sitar]] player, his uncle, Ratan Singh, a renowned Violin player and his grandfather, Akaali Kaur Singh, a saint. He later moved to Delhi where he started learning music under Pandit Vinod Kumar – a disciple of Indian classical singer [[Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan]].<ref name="TochiOfficial"/> He also learnt music from Ustad Bhure Khan, [[Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]], Ustad Altaf Hussain Sarang, Pt. Mani Prasad and Pt. Sitaram. According to him his Gurus not only taught him music, but also to visualize his breath. Slowly, he started visualizing words and he turned to spirituality and [[Sufi]] music.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/music/singer-tochi-raina-corporates-must-back-indie-artists-637318|title = Singer Tochi Raina: Corporates must back indie artists}}</ref>

He also sang the Song "Rabba" in [[Coke Studio (India)#Episode 6 (22 July 2011)|Coke Studio]] @MTV Season 3 which is composed by [[Amit Trivedi]], and the song 'Bannado' in [[Coke Studio (Indian TV program)|coke Studio @MTV]] Season 4 which is composed and arranged by [[Sachin–Jigar|Sachin-Jigar]] and the lyrics ae written by [[Priya Saraiya|Priya Sariya]].

==Career==
He moved to [[Mumbai]] to make a career as a Music Composer & playback singer. Tochi got his first commercial break with Bulleshah in [[A Wednesday!]] in 2008.<ref name=earlylife>{{cite web |url=http://www.gomolo.com/about-tochi-raina/306618|title=Tochi Raina|date=7 November 2012|publisher=gomolo.com|accessdate=7 November 2012}}</ref> He has been a part of a number of movies and albums as a Music Composer including [[Bezubaan Ishq]], Note Pe Chot and a lot more. He is currently working with his [[Band of Bandagi]] and creating soulful [[Sufi]] music with the band. [[Band of bandagi]] has released their first album [[Sufi Acoustica]] with 6 Sufi Songs in it. Tochi has joined hands with Music Distribution Company Movement Creations LLP as Head of the department for music since March 2021. His 4 audio tracks has been released so far including :
'Gayatri Mantra' (Raag Malkauns),
'Alakh Niranjan',
'Hare Krishna',
'Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo'.

==Personal life==
He is married and has two daughters, Harleen & Simran. Harleen was born the night he finished recording for Shor in the city.

==List of songs==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!align="centre"|Released
!align="left"|Song
!align="left"|Album
|-
|align="centre"|2008
|align="left"|Bulle Shah
|align="left"|[[A Wednesday!]]
|-
|align="centre"|2009
|align="left"|Pardesi
|align="left"|[[Dev D]]
|-
| rowspan="2" align="centre" |2010
|align="left"|Iktara (Male Version)<ref>{{cite AV media |date=13 October 2009 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IgxYr5nnx8 |title=Iktara (Male Version ), Wake Up Sid, Sung by Tochi Raina |publisher=GendaPhool9 |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124131525/http://www.youtube.com:80/watch?v=2IgxYr5nnx8 |archive-date=24 January 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|align="left"|[[Wake up Sid]]
|-
|align="left"|Gal Mitthi Mitthi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vcrave.com/gal-mitthi-mitthi-bol-aisha-video/ |title=Gal Meethi Meethi Bol – Aisha | Sonam Kapoor & Abhay Deol |work=Vcrave |via=YouTube |accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref>
|align="left"|[[Aisha (2010 film)|Aisha]]
|-
| rowspan="8" align="centre" |2011
|align="left"|Aali Re<ref>{{cite AV media |date=1 December 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRnbmQYAIp0 |title=Aali Re-No One Killed Jessica-Tochi Raina, Sonu Kakkar |publisher=nokjsongs |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827222248/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRnbmQYAIp0 |archive-date=27 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|align="left" rowspan=2|[[No One Killed Jessica]]
|-
|align="left"|Mera Kaat Kaleja Dilli<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.top10bollywood.com/2010/11/dilli-dilli-song-lyrics-from-no-one.html |title=Dilli Song Lyrics from No One Killed Jessica |publisher=Top10bollywood.com |accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
|align="left"|Saibo<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3QWy9J4jLw |title=Saibo Full Song – Shreya Ghoshal Ft. Tochi Raina |via=YouTube |date=13 April 2011 |accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref>
|align="left"|[[Shor in the City]]
|-
|align="left"|Maaldaar Ki Jeb<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko5vFYiRyr8 |title=Maaldaar Ki Jeb (Bhindi Baazaar Inc Song) – TOCHI RAINA |via=YouTube |date=15 April 2011 |accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref>
|align="left"|[[Bhindi Baazaar Inc.]]
|-
|align="left"|Ishq Waale Chor Hain<ref name="facebook.com"/>
|align="left"|Kya Yahi Sach Hai
|-
|align="left"|Mallo Malli<ref>{{cite web|author=Lyricsmint |url=http://www.lyricsmint.com/2011/07/mallo-malli-song-lyrics-mausam.html |title=Mallo Malli Song Lyrics – Mausam – Tochi Raina And Hard Kaur |publisher=Lyricsmint.com |date=13 August 2011 |accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref>
|align="left"|[[Mausam (2011 film)|Mausam]]
|-
|align="left"|Shiv Ka Bajey Damroo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lyricsdna.com/songs/lyrics/shiv-ka-bajey-damroo-lyrics-jo-dooba-so-paar |title=Shiv Ka Bajey Damroo Song & Lyrics – Jo Dooba So Paar |publisher=Lyricsdna.com |date=18 October 2011 |accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref>
|align="left"| Jo Dooba So Paar
|-
|align="left"|Kaari Kaari
|align="left"| [[Kaagaz Ke Fools]]
|-
| rowspan="3" align="centre" |2012
|align="left"|Aaja Meri Jaan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lyricstaal.com/tu-aaja-meri-jaan-lyrics-maximum-2012/ |title=Tu aaja meri jaan Lyrics – Maximum 2013 |publisher=Lyricstaal.com |date=18 October 2011 |accessdate=29 June 2012}}</ref>
|align="left"|[[Maximum (film)|Maximum]]
|-
|align="left"|Hey Bhagwan<ref name=ListOfSongs>{{cite web|url= http://www.tochiraina.com/voice-of-tochi-raina.html | title= List of Tochi Raina's Acts |publisher = TochiRaina.com | date=11 November 2012 | accessdate=11 November 2012}}</ref>
|align="left"|[[Cigarette ki Tarah]]
|-
|align="left"|Motarwada<ref name="ListOfSongs"/>
|align="left"|[[Luv Shuv Tey Chicken Khurana]]
|-
| rowspan="3" align="centre" |2013
|align="left"|Khalbali<ref name="ListOfSongs"/>
|align="left"|[[3G (film)|3G]]
|-
|align="left"|Gud Naal Ishaq Mitha<ref name="ListOfSongs"/>
|align="left"|[[I Love New Year]]
|-
| align="left" |[[Kabira (song)|Kabira]]<ref name="ListOfSongs" />
|align="left"|[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014
|Saaiyaan
| rowspan="3" |Tochinaamah
|-
|Jamoora
|-
|Akela
|-
|2015
|Dil Parinda
|[[Bezubaan Ishq]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
|Kalol Ho Gaya
|Love Shagun
|-
|Dooriyan
|Single
|-
|2017
|Parinda (Search)
|[[Jab Harry Met Sejal]]
|-
| rowspan="5" |2018
|Rab-E-Illahi<ref>{{cite AV media |date=26 July 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-2EMaxsAjo |title=Rab-e-illahi {{!}} Tochi Raina {{!}} Band Of Bandagi {{!}} Neeru Rawal {{!}} Vinay Kochar {{!}} Drishyam Play |publisher=Drishyam Play |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref>
|Single
|-
|Aas Pura Diya Maula<ref>{{cite AV media |date=29 June 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9CDpCzAtAk |title=Aas Pura Diya Maula {{!}} Latest Sufi Maithili Video Song {{!}} Premak Basaat {{!}} Tochi Raina, Saroj Suman |publisher=T-Series Hamaar Bhojpuri |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216023215/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9CDpCzAtAk |archive-date=16 February 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Premak Basaat
|-
|Sone Piya<ref>{{cite AV media |date=13 February 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ik8v3fp5xw |title=Sone Piya {{!}} Tochi Raina {{!}} Sufi Acoustica {{!}} Band Of Bandagi |publisher=TOCHI Raina's Den |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |[[Sufi Acoustica]]
|-
|Piya Milan Ki Aas<ref>{{cite AV media |date=14 April 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SA59qzTR21Q |title=Piya Milan Ki Aas {{!}} Tochi Raina {{!}} Sufi Acoustica {{!}} Band Of Bandagi |publisher=TOCHI Raina's Den |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707112432/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SA59qzTR21Q |archive-date=7 July 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|jugni<ref>{{cite AV media |date=14 July 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2QgjaeK_Pg |title=Jugni {{!}} Tochi Raina {{!}} Sufi Acoustica {{!}} Band Of Bandagi |publisher=TOCHI Raina's Den |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822154211/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2QgjaeK_Pg |archive-date=22 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|Udd Ja
|[[Khandaani Shafakhana]]
|-
|2020
|Do Din Ka Ye Mela - Reprise<ref>{{cite AV media |date=27 May 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkGjg5fyQkY |title=Do Din Ka Ye Mela - Reprise |publisher=Tochi Raina |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728130640/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkGjg5fyQkY |archive-date=28 July 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Gulabo Sitabo]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |2021
|Gayatri Mantra (Raag Malkauns)
|Tochi Raina
|-
|Alakh Niranjan
| rowspan="3" |[[Single (music)|Single]]
|-
|Hare Krishna
|-
|Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raina, Tochi}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:People from Darbhanga district]]

Sajid–Wajid

2026-03-01T11:08:42Z

KellyePoindexter:

{{Short description|Indian film music composers, 1998–2020}}
{{Other people||Wajid Khan (disambiguation){{!}}Wajid Khan}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=March 2016}}
{{promotional|date=December 2025}}
{{autobiography|date=December 2025}}
}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Sajid–Wajid
| image =
| imagea_size =
| birth_date =
| origin = [[Saharanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| instrument =
| genre = [[Sufi]], [[Bollywood]]
| occupation = [[Music director]]
| years_active = 1998–May 2020 (as duo)
 June 2020-present Sajid Khan (as solo artist)
| label =
}}

'''Sajid–Wajid''' was an Indian [[Bollywood]] Hindi film [[music director]] duo consisting of brothers '''Sajid Khan''' and '''Wajid Khan''', the sons of Sharafat Ali Khan, a [[tabla]] player.

Wajid Khan, the younger of the two brothers, died on June 1, 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bollywood Music Director Wajid Khan Passes Away |url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/entertainment/bollywood-music-director-wajid-khan-of-sajid-wajid-duo-dies-due-to-coronavirus-covid19-infection-in-mumbai-50528 |website=Mumbai Live |access-date=8 July 2020 |date=31 May 2020}}</ref>

==Members==

Sajid Ali Khan is the elder son of tabla player Ustad Sharafat Ali Khan and his wife, Razina Khan. He is married to Lubna Khan.

Sajid studied at the Academy of Asiatic Cinema and Television. His maternal grandfather was Ustad Faiyyaz Ahmed Khan, a [[Padma Shri]] awardee.

Wajid Ali Khan was the younger son of artist and tabla player Sharafat Ali Khan and Razina Khan. He joined his elder brother Sajid Khan to form the artistic duo Sajid–Wajid.

Wajid studied at Mithibai College where he met his college sweetheart Kamalrukh. The two dated for almost 10 years while Wajid was heavily involved in tours and in the musical formation. Family restrictions also postponed the marriage as Kamalrukh Khan, of [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] ([[Parsi]]) faith, refused to convert to Wajid's [[Sunni Muslim]] faith. Eventually, they married each other under the Special Marriages Act that allowed her to keep her religion and marry without conversion despite the opposition of Wajid's family. The couple had two children, Arshi, a daughter (born {{circa|2004}}) and Hrehaan, a son (born {{circa|2011}}).<ref name="ht">[https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/wajid-khan-s-wife-kamalrukh-khan-on-being-pressurised-to-convert-by-his-family-want-to-focus-on-trauma-that-i-have-faced/story-9LXlKABUrgZ74fcvH19AIM.html Hindustan Times: Wajid Khan's wife Kamalrukh Khan on being pressurised to convert by his family: 'Want to focus on the trauma that I have faced']</ref>

In 2014, Wajid filed separation papers because of continuing religious and parental pressure but the couple never divorced. Kamalrukh did not receive alimony since the case was pending in court when Wajid died. Their children, however, received maintenance amounts from their father while he was alive ''pendente lite'' as per the Court's Order, according to Kamalrukh's interview with Sri Iyer of PGuris, where she also discusses how his family has usurped his property, not leaving anything for their children.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} Kamalrukh continues working as a clinical hypnotherapist and wellness coach. She also writes a regular fortnightly column for the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' titled "Weekend Fix for the Soul".<ref>[http://kamalrukhkhan.com/about-me/ Kamalrukh Khan website: About Me]</ref>

==Career==
Sajid–Wajid first scored music for [[Salman Khan]]'s ''[[Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998 film)|Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya]]'' in 1998. In 1999, they scored music for [[Sonu Nigam]]'s album ''[[Deewana (album)|Deewaana]]''. They composed music for several films further. The music duo has also composed music for several films starring [[Salman Khan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sajid-Wajid|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901221652/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/artists/Dabangg/summary-12902.html|archive-date=1 September 2010|url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/artists/Dabangg/summary-12902.html|publisher=Yahoo! Movies|access-date=13 December 2010}}</ref> They were mentors on the reality shows ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Singing Superstar]]'', ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 2012]]'' and they composed the title track for the television reality shows ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 4)|Bigg Boss 4]]'' and ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|Bigg Boss 6]]''. Sajid–Wajid also composed the [[2011 Indian Premier League|IPL 4]] theme song "Dhoom Dhoom Dhoom Dhadaka", with Wajid singing the title track.

==Sajid–Wajid as music directors==

{| class="wikitable"
| style="background:#ffc;"|
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year(s)
! Film(s)
! Song(s)
! Notes(s)

|-
|1998|| ''[[Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998 film)|Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya]]'' || One song- Teri Jawani|| Along With [[Jatin–Lalit]], [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|-
|1999|| ''[[Hello Brother (1999 film)|Hello Brother]]'' || Four song- Area Ka Hero, Hata Sawan Ki Ghata, Chupke Se Koi, Hello Brother || Along With [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|-
| rowspan="3"|2000|| ''[[Papa The Great]]'' || Two songs || Along With [[Nikhil–Vinay]], [[M. M. Keeravani]] and Naresh Sharma
|-
| ''[[Baaghi (2000 film)|Baaghi]]'' || || Along With Dilip Sen-Sameer Sen
|-
| ''[[Khauff]]'' || One song- Raja Ki Qaid Mein || Along With [[Anu Malik]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|2001|| ''[[Yeh Zindagi Ka Safar]]'' || || Along With [[Daboo Malik]]
|-
| ''[[Mitti (2001 film)|Mitti]]'' || || Along With Ali-Gani, Monty
|-
| rowspan="6"|2002|| ''[[Gunaah (2002 film)|Gunaah]]'' ||Three Songs || Along With [[Anand Raj Anand]]
|-
| ''[[Shararat (2002 film)|Shararat]]'' || All Songs ||
|-
| ''[[Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam]]'' || One song- Dil Tod Aaya || Along With [[Nadeem-Shravan]], [[Nikhil-Vinay]], [[Daboo Malik]], [[Bappi Lahiri]], [[Bali Brahmabhatt]]
|-
| ''[[Kya Yehi Pyaar Hai]]'' || All Songs ||
|-
| ''[[Tumko Na Bhool Paayenge]]'' || Five songs- Yeh Bekhudi Deewangi, Mubarak Eid Mubarak, Kyon Khanke Teri Choodi, Main To Ladki Kunwari, Kyon Khanke Teri Choodi (Club Mix)|| Along With [[Daboo Malik]]
|-
| ''[[Maa Tujhhe Salaam (film)|Maa Tujhhe Salaam]]'' || All Songs ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2003 || ''[[Tere Naam]]'' || Two songs- Tune Saath Jo Mera Chhoda, Tune Saath Jo Mera Chhoda (Sad) || Along With [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|-
| ''[[Chori Chori (2003 film)|Chori Chori]]'' || All Songs ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2004 || ''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]'' || Seven songs- Rab Kare, Mujhse Shaadi Karogi, Aaja Soniye, Lahoo Banke Aansoon, Kar Doon Kamaal, Laal Dupatta, Aaja Soniye (Remix)
| rowspan=2|Along With [[Anu Malik]]
|-
| ''[[Garv]]'' || Five songs - Hum Tumko Nigahon Mein, Dum Mast Mast, Soniye Toh Sonee, Fariyaad Kya Kare Ham, Tere Hai Deewana Dil
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2005 || ''Mashooka'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Dreams...Do Come True!|Dreams]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2006|| ''[[Jaane Hoga Kya]]'' ||Two Songs|| Along With [[Nikhil-Vinay]]
|-
| ''[[Shaadi Karke Phas Gaya Yaar]]'' || Three songs- Deewane Dil Ko Jaane Na, Shaadi Kar Ke Phas Gaya Yaar, Kuch Bhi Nahi Tha || Along With [[Daboo Malik]], [[P. Sameer]]
|-
| ''[[The Killer (2006 film)|The Killer]]''
| rowspan=2|All Songs ||
|-
| ''[[Jawani Diwani: A Youthful Joyride|Jawani Diwani]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Saawan... The Love Season]]'' || Two songs- Tu Mila De, Mere Dil Ko Dil Ki Dhadkan Ko || Along With [[Aadesh Shrivastav]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|2007|| ''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]'' ||One song - title track Background Score || Along With [[Anand Raj Anand]], & [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|-
| ''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]'' ||All songs ||
|-
| rowspan="6"|2008|| ''[[God Tussi Great Ho]]'' ||rowspan="4" |All songs ||
|-
| ''[[Hello (2008 film)|Hello]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Zindagi Tere Naam]]'' ||
|-
| ''Khallballi!'' ||
|-
| ''[[Heroes (2008 film)|Heroes]]'' || || Along With [[Monty Sharma]]
|-
| ''[[Kismat Konnection]]'' ||One song|| Along with [[Pritam]]
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2009 || ''[[Main Aurr Mrs Khanna]]'' ||rowspan="5" |All songs ||
|-
| ''[[Wanted (2009 film)|Wanted]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Paying Guests]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kal Kissne Dekha]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Dhoondte Reh Jaaoge]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2010 || ''[[No Problem (2010 film)|No Problem]]'' || One song - title track|| Along With [[Pritam]], [[Anand Raj Anand]]
|-
| ''[[Dabangg]]'' || Five Songs || Along With [[Lalit Pandit]]
|-
| ''[[Jaane Kahan Se Aayi Hai]]'' ||rowspan="2"|All songs ||
|-
| ''[[Veer (2010 film)|Veer]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2011 || ''[[Miley Naa Miley Hum]]'' || All songs ||
|-
| ''[[Yeh Dooriyan]]'' || || Along With Amjad Nadeen, [[Meet Bros Anjjan]], and [[Raju Singh]].
|-
| ''[[Chatur Singh Two Star]]'' || All songs ||
|-
| rowspan="9"|2012|| ''[[Dabangg 2]]'' ||All Songs ||
|-
| ''[[Son of Sardaar]]'' || One song || Along With [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|-
| ''[[Ajab Gazabb Love]]'' || All songs Except for the Title Track|| Along With [[Sachin–Jigar]]
|-
| ''[[Kamaal Dhamaal Malamaal]]'' || All songs ||
|-
| ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' ||One song|| Along With [[Sohail Sen]]
|-
| ''[[Teri Meri Kahaani (film)|Teri Meri Kahaani]]'' ||rowspan="4"|All songs ||
|-
| ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Housefull 2]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Tezz]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2013|| ''[[Bullet Raja (2013 film)|Bullet Raja]]'' ||Five songs ||Along With [[RDB (band)|RDB]]
|-
| ''[[Ishkq in Paris]]'' ||rowspan="2"|All songs ||
|-
| ''[[Chashme Buddoor (2013 film)|Chashme Buddoor]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Himmatwala (2013 film)|Himmatwala]]'' ||Four songs || Along With [[Sachin–Jigar]]
|-
| ''[[Rangrezz]]'' || Two songs ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2014|| ''[[Daawat-e-Ishq]]'' || All songs ||
|-
| ''[[Heropanti]]'' || Three songs ||Along With [[Manj Musik]], [[Mustafa Zahid]]
|-
| ''[[Main Tera Hero]]'' || All songs ||
|-
| ''[[Jai Ho (2014 film)|Jai Ho]]'' || Four songs || Along with [[Amaal Mallik]], [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|-
| rowspan="3"|2015|| ''[[Singh Is Bling]]'' || One song ||Along with [[Manj Musik]], [[Meet Bros]], [[Sneha Khanwalkar]]
|-
| ''[[Tevar]]'' || Five songs ||Along With [[Imran Khan (singer)|Imran Khan]]
|-
| ''[[Dolly Ki Doli]]'' ||All songs ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2016|| ''[[Freaky Ali]]'' || All songs ||
|-
| ''[[Devi (2016 film)|Abhinetri]]'' ||rowspan="3"| Two songs || Telugu film
|-
| ''Devi'' || Tamil film
|-
| ''Tutak Tutak Tutiya'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum 3]]'' || All songs ||
|-
| rowspan=2| 2017 || ''[[Judwaa 2]]'' || One song ||Along With [[Anu Malik]], [[Sandeep Shirodhkar]], [[Meet Bros]]
|-
| ''[[Daddy (2017 film)|Daddy]]'' ||All songs ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2018||''[[Satyameva Jayate (2018 film)|Satyameva Jayate]]''
| rowspan=2|One song || Along With [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Rochak Kohli]], [[Arko Pravo Mukherjee]]
|-
| ''[[Nanu Ki Jaanu]]'' ||Along With Gunwant Sen, Babli Huque-Meera, [[Sachin Gupta (musician)|Sachin Gupta]], [[Jeet Gannguli]]
|-
| ''[[Welcome to New York (2018 film)|Welcome To New York]]'' || Two songs || Along with [[Meet Bros]], Shamir Tandon
|-
| rowspan=3| 2019 ||''[[Family Of Thakurganj]]'' || All Songs ||
|-
| ''[[Dabangg 3]]'' || All Songs ||
|-
| ''[[Pagalpanti (2019 film)|Pagalpanti]]'' ||One song - title track Background Score|| Along with [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]], Nayeem-Shabir
|-
| rowspan=2| 2021
| ''[[Radhe (2021 film)|Radhe]]'' ||Two Songs|| Along with [[Himesh Reshammiya]], [[Devi Sri Prasad]] Last film with Wajid
|-
| ''[[Murder at Teesri Manzil 302]]''
| All Songs ||
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan]]'' || One Song|| Along with [[Himesh Reshammiya]], [[Devi Sri Prasad]], [[Ravi Basrur]], [[Amaal Mallik]], [[Payal Dev]], [[Sukhbir (musician)|Sukhbir]], DJ Harshit Shah
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Naam (2024 film)|Naam]]'' || One Song|| Along with [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|-
| TBA ||''[[3 Dev]]'' || All songs ||Unreleased

|}

==Non-film albums==
Sajid–Wajid have scored music for some albums as music directors.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Album
! Singer
! Lyricist

|-
| 1999 || [[Deewana (album)|Deewana]] || [[Sonu Nigam]] || [[Faiz Anwar]]
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Khoya Khoya Chand]]'' || [[Alka Yagnik]] and [[Babul Supriyo]] || [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]
|-
| 2005 || Tera Intezar || [[Rahul Vaidya]] || [[Jalees Sherwani]] and Sajid–Wajid
|}

==Sajid–Wajid as lyricists==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Song
! Film
! Lyricist
! Music director
|-
|rowspan="3"|2007 || Take Lite || ''[[Nishabd]]''
|rowspan="3"|Sajid with Farhad Wadia
|rowspan="2"|[[Amar Mohile]]
|-
|| Ruk Ja
|rowspan="2"|''[[Aag (2007 film)|Aag]]''
|-
|| Jee Le || Prasanna Shekhar
|-
|rowspan="2"|2009 || Le Le Mazaa Le || ''[[Wanted (2009 film)]]'' || Wajid with Shabbir Ahmed ||Sajid–Wajid
|-
|| Life Life || ''[[Daddy Cool (2009 Hindi film)|Daddy Cool]]'' ||colspan="2"|Sajid with Farhad Wadia
|-
|rowspan="4"|2012 || Fevicol Se || ''[[Dabangg 2]]'' || Sajid–Wajid with Ashraf Ali ||rowspan="4"|Sajid–Wajid
|-
|| Desi Mem
|rowspan="3"|''[[Kamaal Dhamaal Malamaal]]''
|rowspan="3"|Wajid Khan
|-
| Zor Nache
|-
| Kamaal Dhamaal Malamaal (Theme)
|-
|2014 || Baaki Sab First Class Hai || ''[[Jai Ho (film)|Jai Ho]]'' || Sajid with Irfaan Kamal & Danish Sabri ||Sajid–Wajid
|-
|2023 || Tere Bina || ''[[Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan]]''
|colspan=2| Sajid Khan

|}

==Sajid–Wajid as background score composers==
;Films
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Movie
|-
|2007 || ''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]''
|-
|rowspan="2"|2013 || ''[[Bullett Raja]]''
|-
|| ''[[Ishkq in Paris]]''
|-
|2016 || ''[[Freaky Ali]]''
|-
|2017 || ''[[Daddy (2017 film)|Daddy]]''
|-
|2019 || ''[[Pagalpanti (2019 film)|Pagalpanti]]''
|}

;Television
*''[[Ramyug]]'' (2021)

==Wajid songs==
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
|-
! Year !! Song !! Film !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2008 || Tujhe Aksa Beach Ghuma Doon || ''[[God Tussi Great Ho]]'' ||
|-
| Bang Bang Bang || rowspan=3 | ''[[Hello (2008 film)|Hello]]'' ||
|-
| Hello ||
|-
| Mitwa Re ||
|-
| Do You Wanna Partner || rowspan=2 | ''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]'' ||
|-
| Soni De Nakhre || Nominated for IIFA Best Male Playback Award - Male with [[Labh Janjua]]
|-
| rowspan="10" | 2009 || Happening I Am Happening || rowspan=2 | ''[[Main Aurr Mrs Khanna]]'' ||
|-
| Tumne Socha ||
|-
| Jalwa || rowspan=3 | ''[[Wanted (2009 film)|Wanted]]'' ||
|-
| Love Me ||
|-
| Tose Pyaar Karte Hai ||
|-
| Tere Bina Lagta Nahin Mera Jiya || ''[[Kal Kissne Dekha]]'' ||
|-
| I Am Falling In Love || rowspan=3 | ''[[Dhoondte Reh Jaaoge]]'' ||
|-
| Nako-Re-Nako ||
|-
| Apne Ko Paisa Chahiye ||
|-
| Paying Guests || ''[[Paying Guests]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2010 || Humka Peeni Hai || rowspan=2 | ''[[Dabangg]]'' ||
|-
| Hud Hud Dabangg ||
|-
| Chandni Chowk Se || rowspan=2 | ''[[Chatur Singh Two Star]]'' ||
|-
| Singh Singh Singh ||
|-
| Taali || ''[[Veer (2010 film)|Veer]]'' ||
|-
| Get Set Go || ''[[Chase (2010 film)|Chase]]'' || Composed by Vijay Verma & Udbhav Ojha
|-
| No Problem || ''[[No Problem (2010 film)|No Problem]]''
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2011 || Nazar Se Nazar Mille || rowspan=3 | ''[[Miley Naa Miley Hum]]'' ||
|-
| Mahi Mahi ||
|-
| Wake Up Now ||
|-
| rowspan="11" | 2012 || PandeyJee Seeti || rowspan=2 | ''[[Dabangg 2]]'' ||
|-
| Fevicol Se ||
|-
| Jaane Bhi De || rowspan= 2 | ''[[Ishkq in Paris]]'' ||
|-
| Teri Choodiyan Da Crazy Crazy Sound ||
|-
| Mashallah || ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' ||
|-
| Mukhtasar || rowspan=2 | ''[[Teri Meri Kahaani (film)|Teri Meri Kahaani]]'' ||
|-
| Humse Pyar Kar Le Tu ||
|-
| Chinta Ta Ta Chita Chita || rowspan=2 | ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'' || Nominated for Renault Star Guild Awards - Best Male Singer jointly with [[Mika Singh]]
|-
| Dhadang Dhang Dhang ||
|-
| Right Now || ''[[Housefull 2]]'' ||
|-
| Govinda Ala Re || ''[[Mumbai Mirror (film)|Mumbai Mirror]]'' || Composed by Amjad Nadeem
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2013 || Saamne Hai Savera || rowspan=3 | ''[[Bullett Raja]]'' ||
|-
| Bullett Raja ||
|-
| Satake Thoko ||
|-
| Ishq Mohallah || rowspan=3 | ''[[Chashme Baddoor (2013 film)|Chashme Baddoor]]'' ||
|-
| Andha Ghoda Race Mein Dauda ||
|-
| Dhichkyaaon Doom Doom (Version 2) ||
|-
| Govinda Aala Re || ''[[Rangrezz]]'' ||
|}

==Sajid songs==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Year!! Song!! Film!! Notes
|-
|rowspan=2|2021
|Radhe Title Track
|''[[Radhe (2021 film)|Radhe]]''
|last song along with Wajid
|-
|Bhai Ka Birthday
|''[[Antim: The Final Truth]]''
|composed by [[Hitesh Modak]]
|-
|2023
|Tere Bina
|''[[Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan]]''
|
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Award
! Award category
! Award details
|-
| [[3rd Mirchi Music Awards|2010]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/hindi/winers.php|title=Winners - Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2010}}</ref> || [[Mirchi Music Awards]] || [[Mirchi Music Award for Album of The Year|Album of The Year]] || ''Dabangg''
|-
| 2010 || Mirchi Music Awards || [[Mirchi Music Award for Music Composer of The Year|Music Composer of The Year]] || "Tere Mast Mast Do Nain" from Dabangg
|-
| 2011 || [[Filmfare Award]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hungama |first1=Bollywood |title="We haven't won any Filmfare Award so far" – Sajid – Wajid |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/we-havent-won-any-filmfare-award-so-far-sajid-wajid/ |language=en |date=29 January 2011}}</ref> || Best Music Direction || ''Dabangg''
|-
| 2011 || Zee Cine Awards || Best Music Direction || Film: ''Dabangg''
|-
| 2011 || Guild Award || Best Music Direction || Film: ''Dabangg''
|-
| 2011 || GiMA Award || Best Film Award || Film: ''Dabangg''
|-
| 2011 || [[Star Screen Award]] || Best Music Direction || Film: ''Dabangg''
|-
| 2011 || GiMA Award || Best Music Direction || Film: ''Dabangg''
|-
| 2011 || [[Zee Cine Awards]] || Best Track Of The Year || Film: ''Munni Badnaam''
|-
| 2012 || Big Star || Most Entertaining Music || Film: ''Ek Tha Tiger''
|-
| 2013 || Guild Awards || Radio Song of the Year || Song: ''Fevicol Se''
|-
| 2014 || Life ok now awards || Best Album || Film: ''Main Tera Hero''
|-
| 2016 || Pride Of India || Music || Music
|-
| 2018 || Jio Filmfare Awards || Background Score || Daddy
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180629002056/http://www.sajidwajid.com/ Official website]
* {{IMDb name|1150796|Sajid Ali}}
* {{IMDb name|00019507|Wajid Ali}}
* {{Discogs artist|Sajid Wajid}}

{{FilmfareAwardBestMusicDirector}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sajid-Wajid}}
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Indian film score composers]]
[[Category:Indian musical duos]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]
[[Category:Sibling musical duos]]

Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Services

2026-02-25T02:33:05Z

KellyePoindexter: info

{{Short description|Fire department in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox fire department
| name = Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Services
| logo = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|200px]]
| motto = We Serve To Save
| staffing =
| established =
| annual calls =
| strength =
| budget =
| battalions =
| stations = 331
| engines =
| trucks =
| ladders =
| quints =
| squads =
| rescues =
| bulldozers =
| airplanes =
| helicopters =
| fireboats =
| tenders =
| hazmat =
| EMSunits = 33
| FirstResponderBLSorALS = [[Basic Life Support]]
| chief = Mr.Abhas Kumar IPS
| captain =
| superintendent=
| commissioner =
| district supervisor =
| website = [https://www.tnfrs.tn.gov.in// tnfrs.tn.gov.in]
}}

The '''Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Services''' department is a service department of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] whose function is to fight fires and provide relief measures in times of calamities and disasters in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="abtus">{{cite web |url=http://www.tnfrs.tn.nic.in/abt-us.htm |title=AIMS & OBJECTIVES of TNF&RS |work=Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Services |access-date=6 December 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Book fair-Tamil Nadu-35th-Chennai-january-2012-part 20.JPG|thumb|right|300px|A fire truck in Chennai]]

Having 365 fire and rescue stations spread all over the state and 3 Rescue stations, one at [[Hogenakkal Falls|Hogenekal]], one at [[Kotagiri]] and other at Marina beach [[Marina Rescue station]] the department is currently the ''second largest in the country'' after the one in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Currently, it has 7,347 personnel.<ref name="DetailedHistory"/>

==History==
Fire services in Tamil Nadu was introduced in 1908 with the formation of a Madras City Fire Brigade, a year after a major fire in the commissioner of revenue administration, land record office.<ref name="DetailedHistory">{{cite web |url= http://www.motorindiaonline.in/applications/tamil-nadu-fire-rescue-services/|title= On high alert to meet civic emergencies with motto 'We Serve to Save' |work=MotorIndia |access-date=14 December 2013}}</ref> Initially, the department comprised some steam or manually operated engines stationed in important parts, which were maintained by the Madras Corporation.<ref name="DepHistory">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/TN-as-model-of-fire-safety-for-West-Bengal/articleshow/3606096.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131214151459/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-17/chennai/27913835_1_fire-services-fire-stations-tamil-nadu-fire |url-status=live |archive-date=14 December 2013 |title= TN as model of fire safety for West Bengal |date= 17 October 2008 |work=The Times of India |access-date=14 December 2013}}</ref>

The organisation was based on British pattern and the real fillip came during 1942 at the time of the [[Second World War]]. During 1967, a separate department for Fire Services was created and all operations were brought under it.<ref name="DetailedHistory"/>

== Organisational structure ==
The headquarters of Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Services department is in Chennai.<ref name="Sinnakani2007">{{cite book|author=R. Sinnakani|title=Tamil Nadu State: Thoothukudi District. ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWEwAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu, Commissioner of Archives and Historical Research}}</ref>

The department is under the administrative control of the Home Department, Government of Tamil Nadu. An IPS Officer in the rank of Director General/ Additional Director General of Police is the Head of the department.
The regions of Tamil Nadu are divided into 32 Divisions, each Division being controlled by a Divisional Officer. Each Division has 4 to 16 Fire and Rescue Services Stations. As of 2011, there were 299 Fire and Rescue Services Stations throughout the State, apart from 2 exclusive Rescue Stations at Hogenakkal and Kothagiri.<ref name = "GovtReport">[http://www.investingintamilnadu.com/tamilnadu/doc/policy/2011-12/home_fire.pdf Home, Prohibition and Excise Department]</ref>

=== Hierarchy ===

* Director (''[[Director general (police)|DGP]] ranked [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] Officer'')
* Additional Director
* Joint Director
* Deputy Director
* District Fire Officer
* Assistant District Fire Officer
* Station Officer
* Assistant Station Officer
* Leading Fireman
* Senior Fireman
* Fireman

== Women in service ==
The department was the first to appoint a woman Fire Officer in the country.<ref name="centuryold">{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/women-firefighters-soon-in-centuryold-male-bastion/586422/ |title=Women firefighters soon in century-old male bastion |date= 4 March 2010 |work=The Indian Express |location=Mumbai |access-date=9 December 2013}}</ref> In 2003, the department appointed 38-year-old Meenakshi Vijayakumar as a Divisional Fire Officer, making her the first female Fire Officer in the country. She was later awarded the President's Fire Service Medal for Gallantry in 2013 for a rescue operation in Chennai. Around the same time, Priya Ravichandran was appointed as its second woman officer.<ref name="indiasfirst">{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/aug/05spec.htm |title=Meet India's first woman fire officer |work=[[Rediff]] |date=5 August 2003 |access-date=6 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="presidentaward">{{cite news |url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article1438348.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130162320/http://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article1438348.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 January 2013 |title=Woman fire officer to get President's Gallantry Medal |work=The New Indian Express |date= 28 January 2013 |access-date=8 December 2013}}</ref> She was posted in [[Coimbatore]] and later appointed as the Divisional Officer for Chennai, thus becoming the first woman in the country to hold the post of a divisional officer.<ref name="womanpower">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/womenpower-serving-to-save/article3425269.ece |title=Women-Power: Serving to save |date= 1 May 2012 |first=Petlee |last=Peter |work=The Hindu |access-date=9 December 2013}}</ref> This was followed up with the selection of eight more women officers in 2009.<ref name="stationofficer">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/training-for-women-station-fire-officers-begins/article185560.ece |title=Training for women station fire officers begins |date=17 September 2009 |work=The Hindu |location=Tambaram |access-date=6 December 2013}}</ref>
In 2013, the department inducted its second batch of women fire-fighters.<ref name="secondbatch">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/second-batch-of-women-firefighters-begins-training/article5328209.ece |title=Second batch of women firefighters begins training |first=Manikandan |last=K |date=8 November 2013 |work=The Hindu |access-date=6 December 2013}}</ref>

==Training facility==
The State Training Centre of the Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Services, earlier at Mint area in North Chennai, was shifted to its present location, [[Tambaram]] in the year 2000. The Tambaram facility is built on a six-acre land, which acts as a training ground for more than 2,000 personnel annually, including TNFRS freshers and fire officers, fire personnel from other states, firemen from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota and personnel from private firms in the city.<ref name="TrainingFacility">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/fire-training-regimes-hit/article697447.ece |title= Fire training regimes hit |work=The Hindu |date= 5 June 2013 |access-date=14 December 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[National Disaster Management Authority (India)]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.tnfrs.tn.nic.in Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Services] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221193358/http://tnfrs.tn.nic.in/ |date=21 February 2014 }}
* https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2017/may/03/former-chennai-police-commissioner-s-george-is-dgp-fire--rescue-1600521.html

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Firefighting in India}}

[[Category:1967 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Fire departments of India]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1967]]
[[Category:State agencies of Tamil Nadu]]

Ajmer State

2026-02-21T08:33:02Z

KellyePoindexter: small changes

{{Short description|1950–1956 state in North India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian state or territory
| name = Ajmer State
| former = yes
| type = Former State
| image_map = Ajmer in India (1951).svg
| region = North India
| consolidation = 1 November 1956 (into [[Rajasthan]])
| formation_date4 = 26 January 1950
| dissolution = 1 November 1956 (by [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]])
| capital = Ajmer
| largestcity = capital
| area_total_km2 = 7,021
| population_total = 460722
| year_start = 1950
| year_end = 1956
| cmfirst_year = 24 March 1952 – 31 October 1956
| cm_first = [[Haribhau Upadhyaya]] (First and Last)
| flag_p1 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
| p1 = Ajmer-Merwara
| flag_s1 = ..Rajasthan Flag(INDIA).png
| s1 = Rajasthan
}}
'''Ajmer State''' was a separate [[States and union territories of India|state within India]] from 1950 to 1956 with [[Ajmer]] as its capital.<ref name=a/> Ajmer State was formed in 1950 out of the territory of former province of [[Ajmer-Merwara]], which became a province of the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] on 15 August 1947. It formed an [[enclave]] within the state of [[Rajasthan]]. Following the [[States Reorganisation Act]] in 1956 it was merged with [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiacode.nic.in/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=195637%20&tfnm2=11 |title=States Reorganisation Act, 1956 |date=31 August 1956 |series=India Code Updated Acts |publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India|pages=section 9 |accessdate=16 May 2013}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Rajputana 1909.jpg|thumb|right|A 1909 map of Rajputana, showing Ajmer-Merwara as separate territory]]

Ajmer State was formed out of territory of [[Ajmer-Merwara]], which was a British controlled [[province]] during British India. The territory of Ajmer-Merwara had been purchased by British from the [[Maratha]]s in 1818. Upon the [[independence of India]], Ajmer-Merwara became a province of the Union of India.

It was a [[Province]] until it was established as a Class "C" State, named Ajmer State, on 26 January 1950 within [[Republic of India]]. Class "C" States were under direct rule of Central Government.<ref name=a/>

=== Dissolution ===
In 1956, when India's state boundaries were reorganised, it became a district of the then [[Rajasthan]] state.<ref name=a/><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BrjUAAAAMAAJ&q=Ajmer+State+ Census of India, 1961: Rajasthan]</ref> Ajmer state was merged into Rajasthan state on 1 November 1956. Kishangarh sub-division of erstwhile Jaipur district was added to it to form [[Ajmer district]].<ref>Sharma, Nidhi (2000). ''Transition from Feudalism to Democracy'', Jaipur: Aalekh Publishers, {{ISBN|81-87359-06-4}}, pp.197–201,205–6</ref>

== Government ==
=== Chief Commissioner ===
List of Chief Commissioners of Ajmer State:<ref name=a>{{cite web |title=Indian states since 1947 |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_states.html |website=www.worldstatesmen.org |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Term
|- align="center"
| 1
| Shankar Prasada
| 1947–1948
|- align="center"
| 2
| Chandrakant Balwantrao Nagarkar
| 1948–1951
|- align="center"
| 3
| Anand Dattahaya Pandit
| 1952 – March 1954
|- align="center"
| 4
| Moti K. Kripalani
| March 1954 – 31 October 1956
|}

=== Chief Minister ===
{{see also|1952 Ajmer State Legislative Assembly election}}
[[Haribhau Upadhyaya]] was the first and last Chief Minister of Ajmer State from 24 March 1952 until 1956.<ref name=a/>

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" | No
!Portrait
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | [[1952 Ajmer State Legislative Assembly election|Constituency]]
! colspan="3" scope="col" | Tenure
!Assembly Election
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party{{efn|This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.}}
|- align="center" style="height: 80px;"
| 1
|[[File:Pt. Haribhau Upadhyaya.jpg|94x94px]]
| [[Haribhau Upadhyaya]]
| Shreenagar
| 24 March 1952
| 31 October 1956
|{{Age in years and days|1952|3|24|1956|10|31}}
|1st
([[1952 Ajmer Legislative Assembly election|1952]])
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|}

== See also ==
* [[Ajmer]]
* [[History of Ajmer]]
* [[Haribhau Upadhyaya]]
* [[History of Rajasthan]]
* [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]]
* [[1952 Ajmer State Legislative Assembly election]]

==References==
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{States of India on 26 January 1950}}

{{coord|26.45|N|74.64|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Political integration of India]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1947]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1956]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1950]]
[[Category:History of Rajasthan (1947–present)]]
[[Category:History of Ajmer]]
[[Category:Former states and territories of India]]

Saurav Sharma

2026-02-17T14:19:49Z

KellyePoindexter: new

{{short description|Indian taekwondo athlete}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Saurav Sharma
| image =
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|24 June 1993}}
| birth_place = [[Sonipat]],[[Haryana]]
| education =
| height = {{convert|1.78|m|ft}}
| weight = {{convert|63|kg|lbs}}
| website =
| country = [[India]]
| sport = [[Martial art]]
| event = [[Taekwondo]]
}}
'''Saurav Sharma''' is an Indian [[taekwondo]] fighter<ref>{{Cite web |title=TaekwondoData |url=http://www.taekwondodata.com/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=TaekwondoData |language=en}}</ref> who has represented India at the Asian Championships, 2018<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Asian Games: Track And Field Athletes Lead India's Charge With 10 Medals {{!}} Other Sports News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/south-asian-games-track-and-field-athletes-lead-indias-charge-with-10-medals-2143494 |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref> at [[Ho Chi Minh City]], Vietnam . He is supported by the GoSports Foundation through the Rahul Dravid Athlete Mentorship Programme. In 2017, he was awarded the Bhima Award by the state government of [[Haryana]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=पैरालंपिक मेडलिस्ट दीपा व सौरव समेत आठ खिलाड़ी बने भीम अवॉर्डी |url=https://www.amarujala.com/haryana/sonipat/sonipat-eight-players-of-sonipat-will-get-bhim-award-sourav-deepa |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

== Early and personal life ==

Saurav Sharama was born on 24 June 1993 in [[Sonipat district]] of [[Haryana]]. His father is a farmer and his mother is a housewife. Saurav started playing taekwondo in 2007 at the age of 14. After that he represented India in many international tournaments.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

== Achievements ==
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Results and achievement |url=https://www.taekwondodata.com/saurav.am40.html |website=www.taekwondodata.com/saurav.am40.html}}</ref>
*[[Commonwealth Taekwondo Championships|Commonwealth championship 2017]], [[Montreal]], Canada - silver
*[[2019 South Asian Games|South Asian games 2019]] - silver medal<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |title=Taekwondo: India win six medals, including three gold, at South Asian Games |url=https://scroll.in/field/945827/taekwondo-india-win-six-medals-including-three-gold-at-south-asian-games |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref>
*India open ranking tournament 2019 Hyderabad - bronze
*[[2014 Asian Games|Asian games -2014 incheon Korea]] - 5th position

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Saurav}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Indian male taekwondo practitioners]]
[[Category:Taekwondo practitioners at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Sonipat]]
[[Category:Martial artists from Haryana]]

Pokhran

2026-02-14T22:17:31Z

KellyePoindexter: updated

{{about|the town|the 1974 nuclear tests|Pokhran-I|the 1998 nuclear tests|Pokhran-II}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement 
| name = Pokhran
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Pokhran Fort.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Pokhran Fort in [[Rajasthan]], India
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|26.92|N|71.92|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = State
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 233
| population_total = 28457
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 345021
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]
| leader_title = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| leader_name1 = [[Saleh Mohhamad]]
}}

'''Pokhran''' (official spelling '''Pokaran'''; {{Langx|hi|पोकरण}}) is a town and a [[municipality]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/udh/nagar-palika-pokaran/en/home.html.html | title=Sectoral Portal }}</ref> located 112 km east of [[Jaisalmer]] city in the [[Jaisalmer district]] of the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Rajasthan]]. It is situated in the [[Thar Desert]] region. Surrounded by rocks, sand and five [[salt]] ranges, the word "Pokaran" (पोकरण) means "place surrounded by five salt-ranges" in [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]]. The site for India's first and second underground [[nuclear weapon]] test is near Pokhran.

== Geography ==
Pokhran is located 112 km east of [[Jaisalmer]] city, 172 km northwest of [[Jodhpur]] and 225 km south of [[Bikaner]] by road. It lies on Jaisalmer to Jodhpur railway line. It is situated at {{coord|27.095|N|71.753|E|}} and has an average [[elevation]] of 233 metres (764 feet).

It has arid climate as it lies in the [[Thar Desert]] and receives a little rain in the monsoon months July to September. Pokhran has extreme climate. It has extremely hot and dry summers from April to June though monsoon months are also very hot. The temperature in summer can reach 46°C during the day. The night temperature in summer is more than 30°C, Pokhran has very cold winters with temperature dropping to 1°C.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Weather in Pokhran{{!}} Weather Forecast Pokhran {{!}} Weather Report AdoorPokhran-NativePlanet | url=https://www.nativeplanet.com/pokhran/weather/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902164617/https://www.nativeplanet.com/pokhran/weather/ | access-date=2025-03-31 | archive-date=2023-09-02}}</ref>

There is nothing much to see in Pokhran. Tourists may find winter pleasant during the day but they are not allowed near the nuclear test site.

== History ==
=== Fort Pokhran ===
Fort Pokhran, the 14th century citadel also known as "Balagarh", stands amidst the [[Thar Desert]]. This monument is the premier fort of the chief of the Champawats, one of the clan of [[Rathores]] of the state of [[Marwar]]-[[Jodhpur]]. Fort Pokhran is open for visitors and is being currently run as heritage hotel by the royal family of Pokhran.

=== Sati Mata Memorial ===
On the outskirts of the town, the Satiyo Deval [[Sati Mata Memorial]], a royal cenotaph, is freely accessible.

=== Former rulers ===
* Seat of Chief of the Champawats, a sub-clan of [[Rathore (Rajput clan)|Rathore]]s of the state of [[Marwar]]-[[Jodhpur]].
* [[Bhawani Singh (politician)|Bhawani Singh of Pokhran]] (b. 1911) was the last [[jagirdar]] of Pokhran before Indian independence. He was Sessions Judge and was elected to the [[1st Lok Sabha]], the Lower house of [[Indian parliament]] from [[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]-[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore]] constituency, after getting elected as an Independent candidate in the [[1952 Indian general election]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Pokhran (thikana) Genealogy | url = http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/pokhran.html | access-date = 2014-06-24 | first = Henry | last = Soszynski | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222170614/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/pokhran.html | archive-date = 22 December 2015 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=lok>{{cite web | title = Members Bioprofile: First Lok Sabha | url = http://164.100.47.132/lssnew/biodata_1_12/623.htm | publisher = [[Lok Sabha]] website | access-date = 2014-06-24 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140624083100/http://164.100.47.132/lssnew/biodata_1_12/623.htm | archive-date = 2014-06-24 }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to 2011 Indian [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Pokhran had a population of 28,457 within Pokaran Municipal Board territory. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Pokhran has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 74.0%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 41%. In Pokhran, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age.

== Pokhran Test Range ==

{{Infobox military test site
| name = Pokhran Test Range (PTR)
| nearest_town = [[Jaisalmer]]
| country = India
| image =
| caption =
| map =
| map_caption =
| type = [[Nuclear testing|Nuclear test site]]
| coordinates = {{coord|27.095|N|71.753|E|display=inline}}
| operator = {{Army|India}}
| status = Active
| dates = 1970–{{small|present}}
| nuclear_tests = 6
| subcritical_tests = N/A
}}

The '''Pokhran Test Range''' ('''PTR''') is a key component of [[India and weapons of mass destruction|India's nuclear programme]] which is located outside the Pokaran Municipal Board jurisdiction and is controlled by the [[Indian Army]]. The army base is located 26 km north-west of Pokhran town and 4 km north of ''Khetolai'' village.<ref name=khetolai1>[https://scroll.in/article/664440/forty-years-after-pokhran-nuclear-tests-villagers-complain-of-frequent-cancer-deaths Forty years after Pokhran nuclear tests, villagers complain of frequent cancer deaths], Scroll.in, 18 May 2014</ref>

The army base was built by the [[Indian Army Corps of Engineers]] and is under the control of [[Indian Army]]. It was built sometime before May 1974, when, following authorization given to the [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] by then-[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]], it hosted the detonation of India's first nuclear device.

===Nuclear testings===
{{main|Smiling Buddha|Pokhran-II}}
The [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] designated the test "Pokhran-I", but it is also known as "Smiling Buddha". It was India's first successful [[nuclear weapon|nuclear bomb]] [[Nuclear weapons testing|test]] on 18 May 1974.<ref name="Nuclear files archives">{{cite web|url=http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/timeline/timeline_page.php?year=1974|title=1974 Nuclear files|last=FIles|work=Nuclear Age Peace Foundation|publisher=Nuclear files archives|access-date=14 January 2013|archive-date=14 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514074542/http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/timeline/timeline_page.php?year=1974|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name= "Smiling Buddha">{{cite web| url= http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaSmiling.html| work = India's Nuclear Weapons Program | title = Smiling Buddha, 1974|publisher=Nuclear Weapon Archive}}</ref> The bomb was detonated on the [[:Category:Indian Army bases|army base]] [[#Pokhran Test Range|Pokhran Test Range]] (PTR), in [[Rajasthan]], by the Indian Army under the supervision of several key Indian generals.

On 11 and 13 May 1998, twenty-four years after Pokhran-I, the Indian [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) and [[Atomic Energy Commission of India|Atomic Energy Commission]] (AEC) conducted five further nuclear tests, dubbed "[[Pokhran-II]]", at the Pokhran range. Four AEC devices and, under the codename ''[[Operation Shakti|Shakti]]'', a [[thermonuclear device]] were tested.

== See also ==
*[[Pokaran railway station]]
*[[Pokaran Assembly constituency]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Nuclear power in India}}
{{Jaisalmer district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Jaisalmer district]]
[[Category:Nuclear test sites]]
[[Category:Indian nuclear test sites]]
[[Category:Environmental disasters in India]]
[[Category:Controversies in India]]
[[Category:Pokhran| ]]

Pokhran

2026-02-14T22:17:31Z

KellyePoindexter: updated

Himesh Choudhary

2026-02-07T22:52:09Z

KellyePoindexter: done

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{notability|Biographies|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Himesh Choudhary
| image =
| birth_name =
| birth_place = Rajasthan [[Baytoo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/snippets/basic-survival-skills-will-help-us-sail-tough-phase-himesh-choudhary/2021/04/26 |title=Basic survival skills will help us sail through this tough phase: Himesh Choudhary|date=26 April 2021|publisher=IWMBuzz|accessdate=23 December 2024}}</ref>
| occupation = Actor, [[casting director]]
| years_active = 2011–present
}}

'''Himesh Choudhary''' is an Indian [[television actor]] and [[casting director]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/celebs/tv/himesh-choudhary# |title=Himesh Choudhary|date=17 July 2014|publisher=tellychakkar.com|accessdate=21 November 2015}}</ref> He has worked in many popular television serials like ''[[Yudh (TV series)|Yudh]]'' on [[Sony Entertainment Television India|Sony TV]], ''Pukaar'' on [[Life OK]], ''Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah'' on [[SAB TV]], and ''Crime Patrol'' on Sony TV. Additionally, he also works as casting director for variety of projects like television promos, ad shoots, television serials etc..
Choudhary also featured in [[Vividh Bharati]]'s popular radio program ''Inse Miliye 12 20 to 01'' as a guest to tell his success story, which was broadcast on the radio on 13 July 2016.

==Actor==
===TV shows===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Show !! Role !! Year
|-
| [[Yudh (TV series)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://businessofcinema.com/tele/leaked-amitabh-bachchans-yudh-inspired-breaking-bad/155935 |title=Leaked: Amitabh Bachchan's Yudh Inspired By Breaking Bad?|date=25 June 2014|publisher=Business of Cinema|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> || '''Chhotu''' || 2014
|-
| [[Pukaar (Indian TV series)|Pukaar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com.br/filmosearch?sort=year&explore=title_type&role=nm6833160&ref_=nmbio_ql_flmg_1 |title=Latest Titles With Himesh Choudhary|publisher=IMDb|accessdate=21 November 2015}}</ref> || '''Mr. Choudhary''' || 2015
|-
| [[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]] || '''Guest''' || 2015
|-
| [[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]] || '''Police Informer''' || 2015–2016
|}

===Film===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Film !! Role !! Year
|-
| [[Ishq Sarfira]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3790250/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm|title = Yeh Ishq Sarfira (2015) - IMDb}}</ref> || '''Eve Teaser''' || 2015
|}

== Casting ==

===Channel Promos===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Channel !! Show
|-
| [[Channel V India]] || ''[[Gumrah: End of Innocence|Gumrah]]''
|-
| [[Channel V India]] || [[Swimming (sport)|Swim Team]]
|-
| [[Channel V India]] || [[Dare to Date]] season 2
|-
| [[Channel V India]] || [[Secret Diaries]]
|-
| [[Bindass]] || [[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]
|-
| [[Bindass]] || [[Halla Bol (TV series)|Halla Bol]]
|-
| [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)]] || [[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]
|-
| [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)]] || [[Itna Karo Na Mujhe Pyaar]]
|-
| [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)]] || [[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]
|-
| [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)]] || [[Mardaani]] TV premier promo
|-
| [[Star Plus]] || [[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]
|-
| [[Life OK]] || [[Kalash (2015 TV series)|Kalash]]
|-
| [[Life OK]] || [[Piya Rangrezz]]
|-
| [[Life OK]] || [[Comedy Classes]]
|-
| [[Zee TV]] || [[Jamai Raja (2014 TV series)|Jamai Raja]] season 3
|-
| [[Star Pravah]] || [[Vikta Ka Uttar]]
|-
| [[True Sports tv]] || [[True Premier League]]
|}

===Advertisements===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Brand !! Ad Type !! Cast !! Year
|-
| Kisna Diamond Jewellery || '''TV Commercial''' || || 2014
|-
| Kisna Diamond Jewellery || '''TV Commercial''' || [[Shilpa Anand]] || 2014
|-
| [[VANITY HOMME]] || '''TV Commercial''' || || 2014
|-
| [[Pears (soap)]] || '''Digital''' || || 2015
|-
| [[IBall (company)]] || '''TV Commercial''' || [[Sheena Bajaj]] || 2015
|-
| [[IBall (company)]] || '''TV Commercial''' || [[Darsheel Safary]] || 2015
|-
| [[Durex]] || '''Digital '''|| || 2015
|-
| [[Microsoft Lumia]] || '''Digital '''|| Anchal Singh || 2015
|-
| [[Garnier]] || '''Digital '''|| || 2015
|-
| [[Lakmé Cosmetics]] || '''Digital '''|| || 2015
|-
| [[Microsoft Vfest]] || '''Digital '''|| Himani Sahani || 2015
|-
| [[Relentless (drink)]] || '''Digital '''|| [[Rufy Khan]], Deepak Singh || 2015
|-
| [[Mumbai City FC]] || '''Digital '''|| || 2015
|-
| [[Flipkart]] || '''Digital '''|| || 2015
|-
| [[FairGlow Fairness Face Wash]] || '''Digital '''|| Anchal Singh, [[Charvi Saraf]] || 2015
|-
| [[Hicare]] || '''Digital '''|| || 2015
|-
| [[Billbachao]] || '''Digital '''|| || 2015
|-
| [[Center fresh]] || '''Digital '''|| || 2015
|-
| [[Olx]] || '''Digital '''|| || 2016
|-
| [[Indiabulls]] || '''Digital '''|| || 2016
|-
| [[Cromā]] || '''Digital '''|| || 2016
|-
| [[Club Mahindra Holidays]] || '''Digital '''|| || 2016
|-
| [[IBall compbook]] || '''TV Commercial''' || [[Kaizaad Kotwal]] || 2016
|-
| [[Hicare]] || '''TV Commercial''' || [[Manoj Pahwa]] || 2016
|-
| [[novartis]] || '''Corporate AV''' || || 2017
|-
| [[PNG Jewellers]] || '''Valentine film''' || || 2017
|-
| [[Flochat]] || '''Brand Films''' || || 2017
|-
| [[Legrand (company)]] || '''digital''' || || 2017
|-
| [[Cromā]] || '''digital''' || || 2017
|-
| [[Aegon Life Insurance Company]] || '''digital''' || || 2017
|-
| [[Cromā]] || '''TV Commercial + Print''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Sugarfree-India]] || '''Corporate AV''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Everyuth]] Anti tan || '''Corporate AV + Digital''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Axis Bank]] ASAP || '''TV Commercial''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Adani Group - Fortune oil]] Mother's Day || '''Digital''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Kansai Nerolac Paints]] || '''Corporate AV''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] Mixer Grinder || '''Corporate AV''' || || 2018
|-
| [[HP Inc.]] Laptop || '''Digital''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Cromā]] || '''Digital''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Cromā]] Festival || '''Digital''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Hindustan Unilever]] LEVER Ayush || '''Corporate AV''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Bank of Baroda]] BOB || '''Corporate AV''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Škoda Rapid (India)]]|| '''Corporate AV''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Cromā]] Diwali|| '''TV Commercial''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Godrej Consumer Products Limited]] Neem Agarbati|| '''Corporate AV''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Nivea]] || '''Corporate AV''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Bikaji]] || '''TV Commercial''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Mahindra & Mahindra]] || '''Corporate AV''' || || 2018
|-
| [[sugarfree-india]] || '''Corporate AV''' || || 2018
|-
| [[Everyuth]] Makeup Remover|| '''Digital + Corporate AV''' || || 2018
|-
|}

===Print campaign===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Brand !! Year
|-
| [[PayPal]] || 2016
|-
| [[The Voice India Kids]] || 2016
|-
| [[Hicare]] || 2016
|-
| [[weikfield]] || 2016
|-
| [[Novartis]] Unhide Psorasis|| 2018
|-
| [[Cromā]] || 2018
|-
| [[Reliance Retail]] Reliance Smart || 2018
|-
| [[Mahindra Tractors]] || 2018
|}

===TV serials===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! show !! Year !! As
|-
| [[Ek Duje Ke Vaaste]] || 2016 || Casting Associate
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm6833160|name=Himesh Choudhary}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhary, Himesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:1990 births]]

Sizzler (food)

2026-02-04T10:59:48Z

KellyePoindexter:

{{Short description|Dish to cook and keep food hot}}
[[File:Sizzlers 01.jpg|thumb|]]
A '''sizzler''' is a medley dish invented in [[Mumbai]]. It is cooked and served on a hot metal plate that is placed on a wooden holder when taken to the customer's table. The dish is inspired by the Japanese [[Teppanyaki]], in which vegetables and meat are cooked on a very hot metal griddle, to keep the inside soft and moist, and make the outside crunchy.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Garg|first=Shubhi|title=The Sizzling Sizzler Festival at KAVA, by Fairfield Marriot|url=http://www.pickeratpace.com/2017/01/the-sizzling-sizzler-festival-at-kava.html|access-date=2021-12-01|language=en-GB|date=2017-01-24|work=Picker at Pace}}</ref>

== History ==
The Indian sizzler was invented by [[Firoz Erani]] in Mumbai in 1963, and his restaurant near Excelsior cinema was called "Sizzler".<ref>{{Cite web|title=This Restaurant Has Been Serving Sizzlers Since 1971|url=https://www.whatshot.in/pune/citysecret-this-restaurant-has-been-serving-sizzlers-since-1971-c-9524|access-date=2021-12-01|website=Whats Hot|language=en-IN}}</ref> He was inspired by an American version of Japanese Teppanyaki at a restaurant called [[Sizzler]] which he visited in [[California]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lahiri|first=Indrajit|date=2018-01-25|title=The story of sizzlers... and Mohamushkil|url=https://moha-mushkil.com/the-story-of-sizzlers-and-mohamushkil/|access-date=2021-12-01|website=Food Blog Mohamushkil-a bong foodie's quest about best foods in India|language=en-US}}</ref> Firoz's second wife Tachiko was Japanese.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hollywood framed for a father – Art Deco|url=https://www.artdecomumbai.com/research/hollywood-framed-for-a-father/|access-date=2021-12-01|language=en-US}}</ref> In 1967, they shut down their restaurant "Sizzler" and moved to the [[Isle of Man]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Sourish Bhattacharyya |date=April 24, 2014 |title=Guess what's sizzling now|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/opinion/sourish-bhattacharya/story/chicken-steak-sizzler-bill-marchetti-pickwicks-claridges-190209-2014-04-24|access-date=2021-12-01|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Firoz's son Shahrookh Erani continued the tradition of serving sizzlers, and opened "Touche" on Warden Road in the same year. In 1971, he moved to [[Pune]] where he started a new restaurant "The Place: Touche".<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Place - Touche|url=https://map.sahapedia.org/article/The-Place---Touche/2811|access-date=2021-12-01|website=map.sahapedia.org|language=en}}</ref> The restaurant is still popular today, is managed by Farida Vachha, and carries the mantle of being the original sizzler restaurant of India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=This Place Is The Best Place For Sizzlers In Pune! {{!}} LBB|url=https://lbb.in/pune/this-place-is-the-best-162f4f/|access-date=2021-12-01|website=LBB, Pune|language=en}}</ref>

In 1975, a businessman called [[Vazir Rizvi]] started his own restaurant (and later chain) called "Kobe Sizzlers" in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|last=kumar|first=Deepak|date=2019-08-17|title=Kobe Sizzlers, an old school iconic restaurant brand from Mumbai recently invested in Freeze-Dry…|url=https://medium.com/@deepakkrgp/kobe-sizzlers-an-old-school-iconic-restaurant-brand-from-mumbai-recently-invested-in-freeze-dry-a1fb06e8c6b5|access-date=2021-12-01|website=Medium|language=en}}</ref> Other restaurants such as Yoko Sizzlers and Fountain Sizzlers soon followed suit in Mumbai, and Zamu's and Yana in Pune.{{Cn|date=December 2021}} Most large cities in India now have restaurants that specialise in sizzlers, and some of the iconic sizzler restaurant chains have branches in the [[UAE]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yoko Sizzlers opens in Guwahati!|url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/guwahati/yoko-sizzlers-opens-in-guwahati|access-date=2021-12-01|website=www.guwahatiplus.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Young|first=Michelle|title=Best sizzlers in the UAE|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/food/best-sizzlers-in-the-uae|access-date=2021-12-01|website=Khaleej Times|language=en}}</ref>

== Description ==
A sizzler is essentially a single dish meal, in which meats and vegetables are cooked in a sauce on a hot metal plate. The dish has been described as an "open-roasted, grilled or shallow fried piece of meat, chicken, fish or vegetable patty, served on an oval shaped metal or stone hot plate, kept on a wooden base. The word "sizzler" comes from the sizzle that one hears after heating the dish under a grill. The metal plate is heated to the point right before service, that when the finished steak is placed on it, it sizzles and the smoky flavour makes the dish more enticing."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Indrani|title=The Gateway serving Sizzling "Sizzler Dishes" to Kolkata Folks this Winter|url=http://www.recipejunction.in/2017/01/the-gateway-serving-sizzling-sizzler.html|access-date=2021-12-01|website=Recipe Junction}}</ref> In terms of preparation, the equipment and method for all sizzlers is the same, despite the large variety of ingredients and sauces.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-10|title=How To Cook Sizzler At Home?|url=https://theforresta.com/how-to-cook/how-to-cook-sizzler-at-home.html|access-date=2021-12-01|website=Refreshing forest-themed restaurant|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Emirati cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]

Ayesha Rajab Ali

2026-02-02T05:56:53Z

KellyePoindexter: Minor edits and structural improvements

{{Short description|Pakistani politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ayesha Rajab Ali
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| office = Member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]
| term_start = 13 August 2018
| term_end = 10 August 2023
| constituency = Reserved seat for women
| party = [[Pakistan People’s Party|PPP]] (2025–present)
| otherparty = [[Istehkam-e-Pakistan Party|IPP]] (2024–2025) [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PMLN]] (2018–2024)
| spouse = [[Rajab Ali Khan Baloch]] (d. 2018)
}}

'''Ayesha Rajab Ali''' is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] from August 2018 till August 2023.

==Political career==
Ayeshaa Rajab Ali was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] (PML-N) on a reserved seat for women from [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in the [[2018 Pakistani general election]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Reporter |first1=The Newspaper's Staff |title=List of MNAs elected on reserved seats for women, minorities |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1426560/list-of-mnas-elected-on-reserved-seats-for-women-minorities |accessdate=12 August 2018 |work=Dawn|location=Pakistan |date=12 August 2018}}</ref> She is the wife of late [[Rajab Ali Khan Baloch]] (24 September 1969 – 13 May 2018), who was also a Pakistani politician.

After not receiving the PML(N)'s nomination for any seat in the [[2024 Pakistani general election]], she decided to contest as an [[Independent politician|independent candidate]] from [[NA-97 Faisalabad-III]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Abid |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ayesha Rajab Baloch to contest election as independent candidate |url=https://www.bolnews.com/latest/2024/01/ayesha-rajab-baloch-to-contest-election-as-independent-candidate/ |access-date=11 January 2024 |website=BOL News |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 3 February 2024, she joined the [[Istehkam-e-Pakistan Party]] (IPP). Consequently, she withdrew from the election and announced her support for [[Humayun Akhtar Khan]], the IPP candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disgruntled PML-N leader Ayesha Rajab Baloch joins IPP |url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/789242-Disgruntled-PML-N-leader-Ayesha-Rajab-Baloch-joins-IPP |access-date=5 June 2024 |website=dunyanews.tv}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali, Ayesha Rajab}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League (N) MNAs]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Women members of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Pakistani women politicians]]

{{MuslimN-MNA-stub}}

Aribam Syam Sharma

2026-02-01T19:10:30Z

KellyePoindexter: improved article

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aribam Syam Sharma
| image = Director of the Manipuri film ‘Ishanou’ Aribam Syam Sharma at the presentation of the film on Nov.27,2007 at IFFI,Panaji, Goa (cropped).jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1936|03|21}}
| birth_place = [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]], India
| occupation = Film director, Singer, Music composer
| awards = [[Golden Montgolfiere]] (1982) [[Padma Shri]] (2006) V. Shantaram Lifetime Achievement Award (2008) [[Kamal Kumari National Award]] (2009) Jewel of Manipuri Cinema (2015)
| website = {{URL|aribamsyamsharma.in}}
| imagesize =
}}

'''Aribam Syam Sharma''' is an Indian filmmaker and composer from [[Manipur]]. He debuted in the first Manipuri film ''[[Matamgi Manipur]]'' as an actor. In 1974, he directed his first movie ''[[Lamja Parshuram]]''. It became the first Manipuri film to run for 100 days in the box office. His 1979 film ''[[Olangthagee Wangmadasoo]]'' was the first ever and the only Manipuri film to run for 32 weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b74f9c964|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508093755/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b74f9c964|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 May 2021|title=Olangthagee Wangmadasoo (1979)|website=BFI}}</ref> It also broke the local box office records of ''Sholay''.

His fourth film as a director, [[Imagi Ningthem|''Imagi Ningthem'' (My Son, My precious)]] brought him international recognition when the film received the [[Golden Montgolfiere|''Montgolfiere d' Or'']] at the [[Three Continents Festival|''Festival of Three Continents'']], Nantes in 1982.

His 1990 film [[The Chosen One (1990 film)|''Ishanou'' (The Chosen One)]] was screened in the [[Un Certain Regard]] section at the [[1991 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/131/year/1991.html |title=Festival de Cannes: The Chosen One |access-date=2009-08-10|work=festival-cannes.com}}</ref>

In 2006, the Government of India awarded Sharma with the [[Padmashri]],<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> but he returned the award in February 2019 to protest against the Indian Government's decision to enact the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|Citizenship Amendment Bill]] of 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/indigenous-people-will-become-strangers-in-their-own-lands-aribam-syam-sharma/article26215177.ece|title= Indigenous people will become strangers in their own lands: Aribam Syam Sharma|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/veteran-manipuri-filmmaker-aribam-syam-sharma-returns-2006-padma-shri-award-in-protest-against-citiz-1987613|title=Veteran Manipuri filmmaker Aribam Syam Sharma returns Padma Shri Award in protest against Citizenship Amendment Bill|website=www.ndtv.com}}</ref>

In recognition of his contribution in the Indian documentary cinema, the Government of India conferred him ''Dr. V. Shantaram Lifetime Achievement Award'' in the 10th Mumbai International Film Festival, 2008 organised by the Films Division.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://imphalreviews.in/aribam-syam-sharma-a-genius-in-the-world-of-indian-cinema/|title=Aribam Syam Sharma: A Genius in the World of Indian Cinema|author=MEGHACHANDRA KONGBAM|website=imphalreviews.in}}</ref> Syam Sharma was given the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 7th Manipur State Film Festival 2010. He was also conferred with the ''Jewel of Manipuri Cinema'' award on 14 May 2015 by the Film Forum Manipur and the Manipur State Film Development Society.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ifp.co.in/page/items/26544/jewel-of-manipuri-cinema-2015-award-to-be-conferred-to-aribam-shyam-sharma|title=Jewel of Manipuri Cinema 2015 award to be conferred to Aribam Syam Sharma|newspaper=Imphal Free Press}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Feature films===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
|1972||''[[Matamgi Manipur]]''||Actor, Music Director||First Manipuri full-length feature film. The movie bagged the President's Medal at the [[20th National Film Awards]].
|-
|1974||''[[Lamja Parshuram]]''||Director, Music Director||His debut film as a director.
|-
|1976||''[[Saaphabee]]''||Director||Best Feature Film in Manipuri at the [[24th National Film Awards]].
|-
|1979||''[[Olangthagee Wangmadasoo]]''||Director||Best Feature Film in Manipuri at the [[27th National Film Awards]].
|-
|1981||''[[Imagi Ningthem]]''||Director, Music Director||First Indian film to win Grand Prix Award at Nantes. Best Feature Film in Manipuri at the [[29th National Film Awards]].
|-
|1983||''[[Paokhum Ama]]''||Director||Screened at Tyneside International Film Festival, U.K.
|-
|1990||''[[Ishanou]]''||Director, Music Director||Screened at the [[Un Certain Regard]] section of the 1991 Cannes International Film Festival. Best Feature Film in Manipuri at the [[38th National Film Awards]].
|-
|1995||''[[Sanabi (film)|Sanabi]]''||Director, Music Director||Selected for Cairo International Film Festival, Egypt and IFFI. Best Feature Film in Manipuri at the [[43rd National Film Awards]].
|-
|1998||''Shingnaba''||Director||Film on superstitions and beliefs in Manipur and HIV menace.
|-
|2000||''[[Paari (2000 film)|Paari]]''||Director||First Manipuri children film.
|-
|2003||''[[Ashangba Nongjabi]]''||Director, Producer, Music Director||Adapted from [[M. K. Binodini Devi]]'s famous 1966 play of the same title.
|-
|2008||''Crossroads''||Director||Film on a group of friends and their aspirations to establish a rock band in Manipur.
|-
|2011||''Miraang''||Director||Based on Arambam Samarendra's play of the same title.
|-
|2012||''[[Leipaklei]]''||Director||Screened at [[Jeonju International Film Festival]], South Korea. Best Feature Film in Manipuri at the [[60th National Film Awards]].
|-
|2013||''Dasha''||Director||Based on Arambam Samarendra's play of the same title.
|-
|2019||''[[Nongphadok Lakpa Atithi]]''||Music Director, Screenplay Writer, Director||Premiered at the 3rd Guwahati_International_Film_Festival as the Opening Film of the Indian Section.
|}

===Non-feature films===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! ''Title'' !! Role !! Notes
|-
|1980||''Sanaleibak Manipur''||Director||Best Documentary Film in the Non-Feature category at the First Manipuri State Film Festival 1984.
|-
|1986||''[[Tales of Courage (film)|Tales of Courage]]''||Director||Deals with the freedom struggle movement in Manipur, emphasising on the role of Manipuri women in the resistance against the British rule.
|-
|rowspan="3"|1988||''Sangai: The Dancing Deer of Manipur''||Director||Bagged five merit awards in the 12th International Wildlife Film Festival, Montana, U.S.A. Declared Outstanding Film of the Year by British Film Institute, London.
|-
|''Keibul Lamjao National Park''||Director||Bagged the Best Documentary Film in 2nd Manipur State Film Awards 1994.
|-
|''Koro Kosii''||Director||Participated in Indian Panorama of IFFI 1989. Screened at Indian Film Week, Hungary, 1989 and Bombay International Film Festival 1989.
|-
|1989||''The Deer on the Lake''||Director||National Film Award for Best Environment/Conservation/Preservation Film at the [[37th National Film Awards]].
|-
|1990||''Indigenous Games of Manipur''||Director||National Film Award for Best Exploration/Adventure Film at the [[38th National Film Awards]].
|-
|rowspan="2"|1991||''Meitei Pung''||Director||Special Mention Award at the [[39th National Film Awards]].
|-
|''Lai Haraoba''||Director||Official selection in the Indian Panorama of the International Film Festival of India (IFFI), 1992.
|-
|1993
|''[[Orchids of Manipur (film)|Orchids of Manipur]]''||Director||Best Environment/Conservation/Preservation Film at the 41st National Film Awards. Screened at the [[Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival]] 2019, Japan. Participated in International Wildlife Film Festival, Morocco, 1994.
|-
|1995||''[[Yelhou Jagoi]]''||Director||National Film Award for Best Anthropological/Ethnographic Film at the [[43rd National Film Awards]]. Opening film of the Indian Panorama of the IFFI in 1996. Screened at the [[Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival]] 2019, Japan.
|-
|1998||''Loktak: The Dying Lake of Manipur''||Director||
|-
|rowspan="2"|1999||''Thang-Ta: The Martial Art of Manipur''||Director||National Film Award for Best Arts/Cultural Film at the [[47th National Film Awards]].
|-
|''The Marams''||Director||Participated at Indian Panorama of IFFI, 2000; Mumbai International Film Festival 2000 in Competition Section and Kathmandu International Mountain Film Festival, 2000.
|-
|2001||''The Monpas of Arunachal Pradesh''||Director||Best Anthropological/Ethnographic Film at the [[49th National Film Awards]].
|-
|rowspan="2"|2002||''M.K. Binodini''||Director||Documents the life of the renowned writer [[M. K. Binodini Devi]].
|-
|''The Golden Hands''||Director||A film on Manipuri traditional handloom continuing an age old cultural tradition.
|-
|rowspan="2"|2003||''Pandit Khelchandra''||Director||
|-
|''Binodini: A Writer's Life''||Director||
|-
|2004||''Neelamani: The Master Potter of Manipur''||Director||Documents the life and achievements of the famous potter of Manipur [[Neelamani Devi]].
|-
|2005||''Guru Laimayum Thambalngoubi Devi''||Director||National Film Award for Best Biographical Film at the [[54th National Film Awards]].
|-
|2007||''[[Rajarshi Bhagyachandra of Manipur]]''||Director||Selected for Indian Panorama in the non-feature section of the [[38th International Film Festival of India]] 2007.
|-
|rowspan="2"|2008||''Mr. Manipur''||Director||Screened at the Mahindra Indo-American Arts Council (MIAAC) Film Festival 2008.
|-
|''Leirol''||Director||A non-feature film on the oral folk literature describing flowers.
|-
|2009||''Sankirtan of Manipur''||Director||
|-
|2011||''Leaders from the Below''||Director||
|-
|2012||''[[Manipuri Pony (film)|Manipuri Pony]]''||Director||National Film Award for Best Exploration/Adventure Film (Including sports) at the [[60th National Film Awards]].
|-
|2014||''Kangla''||Director||
|-
|2018||''Raas Leelas of Manipur''||Director||Won the Best Non-Feature Film Award at the 12th Manipur State Film Awards 2019.
|-
|2019||''E. Sonamani Singh''||Director||
|-
|2022||''Khumanthem Prakash Singh''||Music Director, Script & Director|| Won the Best Biographical / Arts & Culture Film Award at the 15th Manipur State Film Awards 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenortheastaffairs.com/manipur-state-film-awards-declared-m-nilamani-wins-lifetime-achievement-award/|title=Manipur State Film Awards declared; M Nilamani wins Lifetime Achievement Award|website=thenortheastaffairs.com}}</ref>
|}

==Bibliography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Work
! Ref.
|-
|2006
|''Living Shadows''
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Profile_of_Manipuri_Personalities.Donny_Luwang.Aribam_Syam_Film|title=Aribam Syam Sharma - Life sketch (Awarded Padmashree in the year 2006)|last=Luwang|first=Donny Meisnam|publisher=E-pao|access-date=1 February 2010}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2014
|''Eshei Binodinigi''
|
|-
|''Modern Manipuri Music and Me''
|
|-
|2016
|''Manipuri Cinema: Eigi Paodam''
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thepeopleschronicle.in/Archive/chronicle/2016/December/04-12-2016/Page_4.pdf|title=Book Review|via=The People's Chronicle|access-date=12 January 2017|archive-date=13 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113113453/http://www.thepeopleschronicle.in/Archive/chronicle/2016/December/04-12-2016/Page_4.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''Critics on Indian Cinema''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=16..050122.jan22|title=Legendary filmmaker Aribam Syam Sharma to release new book|access-date=5 January 2022|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
|-
|}

==In popular culture==
Documentary films focussing on the life and the filmmaking career of Aribam Syam Sharma was made by Gurumayum Nirmal Sharma and Thoudam Brajabidhu.

Another non-feature film on the filmmaker titled ''[[Pabung Syam]]'' was also made in 2020 by [[Haobam Paban Kumar]] and produced by [[Films Division of India]]. The film was selected at the [[52nd International Film Festival of India]] 2021 in the non-feature section of Indian Panorama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenewsmill.com/five-films-from-northeast-in-iffis-indian-panorama/|title=Five films from Northeast in IFFI's Indian Panorama|website=The News Mill}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0788860}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Aribam Syam}}
[[Category:Meitei Brahmins]]
[[Category:Brahmins of Manipur]]
[[Category:Film directors from Manipur]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Imphal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Manipur]]
[[Category:Musicians from Manipur]]

Jagbir Singh Brar

2026-02-01T10:53:25Z

KellyePoindexter:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Jagbir Brar file photo.png
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| office = Member of the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2007
| term_end = 2012
| predecessor = [[Gurkanwal Kaur]]
| successor = [[Pargat Singh]]
| constituency = [[Jalandhar Cantt Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar Cantt.]]
| spouse = Ravneet Kaur
| children = 2
| otherparty = {{plainlist| [[Aam Aadmi Party]] {{small|(2023 - 2026)}} *[[People's Party of Punjab]] {{small|(2011)}}
* [[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(2011 - 2021)}}}}
[[Shiromani Akali Dal]] {{small|(2006 - 2011), (2021 - 2023)}}
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]] {{small|(2023 - Present)}}
| alma_mater = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (since 2026)
| profession =
| website =
}}
'''Jagbir Singh Brar''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] politician from the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/mla-jagbir-brar-quits-sad-declares-will-join-manpreets-ppp/ | title=MLA Jagbir Brar quits SAD | work=indianexpress.com | date=23 April 2011 | accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/brar-hassled-by-nris-for-ditching-manpreet-badal/ | title=Brar hassled by NRIs for ditching Manpreet Badal | work=indianexpress.com | date=19 February 2012 | accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref> He is a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Brar won the 2007 [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] elections from the [[Jalandhar Cantt Assembly Constituency]]. He is also a former President of DCC [[Jalandhar]]. Brar served as a Block development panchayat officer (BDPO) before entering politics. Brar was appointed Chairman of Punjab Water Resources Management and Development Corporation in 2019 by the [[Government of Punjab, India|Punjab Government]].

==Personal life==
Brar is originally from [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]] but currently resides in [[Jalandhar]] with his family. He did his schooling from Muktsar and then went to Patiala for higher education.

==Political career==
Brar practiced law and later served as a BDPO before entering politics. He first contested and won the seat of Jalandhar Cantt in 2007. He is a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He is a former DCC Jalandhar rural president. He resigned as PWRMDC Chief in 2021.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/congress-leader-jagbir-singh-brar-meets-agitating-staff-of-pims/story-iYPdOxWBiFNRa06yBNAewM.html | title=Congress leader Jagbir Singh Brar meets agitating staff of PIMS | work=hindustantimes.com | date=31 December 2013 | accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/brar-dhillon-join-congress/ | title=Brar,Dhillon join Congress | work=indianexpress.com | date=19 December 2011 | accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref> He represented the [[Jalandhar Cantt Assembly Constituency]] of Punjab.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.elections.in/punjab/assembly-constituencies/jalandhar-cantt.html | title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Jalandhar Cantt. Assembly Constituency | work=elections.in | accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref><ref>https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/four-prominent-politicians-of-punjab-join-bjp-ahead-of-2027-assembly-polls/</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://myneta.info/pb2007/candidate.php?candidate_id=104 Profile]
* https://www.tribuneindia.com/mobi/news/jalandhar/jagbir-brar-is-pwrmdc-chief/825141.html

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brar, Jagbir Singh}}
[[Category:People from Sri Muktsar Sahib]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Punjab]]
[[Category:Shiromani Akali Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Jalandhar]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India]]

Mukesh Sharma (Haryana politician)

2026-01-29T13:35:59Z

KellyePoindexter: adding new bio!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Gurgaon Assembly constituency|Gurgaon]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Sudhir Singla]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Mukesh Sharma''' is an Indian politician from Haryana. He is a [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Gurgaon Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Gurgaon, Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Mukesh Sharma wins Gurgaon with 122615 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/gurgaon-haryana-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612853-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Gurgaon Election Result 2024 LIVE Update: Mukesh Sharma of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/gurgaon-election-result-2024-live-update-9077364.html |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs">{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|title=A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs|date=2 December 2024|accessdate=4 July 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704171938/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|archivedate=4 July 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== Electoral record ==
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
!Election
!colspan="2"|Party
!Constituency Name
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote share%
|-
|[[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|[[Haryana Legislative Assembly|13th Haryana Assembly]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Badshahpur Assembly constituency|Badshahpur]]
| {{Lost}}
| 15,163
| 10.37%
|-
|[[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|[[Haryana Legislative Assembly|14th Haryana Assembly]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Independent politician}}|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
| {{Lost}}
| 35,297
| 16.22%
|-
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Haryana Legislative Assembly|16th Haryana Assembly]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[Gurgaon Assembly constituency|Gurgaon]]
| {{Won}}
| 1,22,615
| 53.29%
|}

== See also ==
* [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Mukesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Haryana-BJP-politician-stub}}

Rabha people

2026-01-21T12:05:39Z

KellyePoindexter: brief added layout based on references and fixed typos

{{Short description|Tibeto-Burmese ethnic group in northeast India}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{original research|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Rabha
| image = Rabha Tribal lady.jpg
| caption =
| population = c. 359,000
| total_year = 2011
| regions = Population in [[India]] and [[Bhutan]]
| region1 = [[Assam]]
| pop1 = 296,189
| ref1 = <ref name="assampop">{{Cite web |title=Table ST-14 A: Scheduled tribe population by religious community |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/12521/download/15634/ST-18-00-014A-DDW-2011.XLS |website=[[2011 census of India|2011 Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
| region2 = [[Meghalaya]]
| pop2 = 32,662
| ref2 = <ref name="meghapop">{{Cite web |title=Table ST-14 A: Scheduled tribe population by religious community |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/12520/download/15633/ST-17-00-014A-DDW-2011.XLS |website=[[2011 census of India|2011 Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
| region3 = [[West Bengal]]
| pop3 = 27,820
| ref3 = <ref name="bengalpop">{{Cite web |title=Table ST-14 A: Scheduled tribe population by religious community |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/12522/download/15635/ST-19-00-014A-DDW-2011.XLS |website=[[2011 census of India|2011 Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
| region4 = [[Bhutan]]
| pop4 = 1,600
| ref4 = <ref>{{Cite web |last=Project |first=Joshua |title=Rabha in Bhutan |url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/17922/BT |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Joshua Project |language=en}}</ref>
| languages = [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Rabha language|Rabha]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Project |first=Joshua |title=Rabha in India |url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/17922/IN |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=joshuaproject.net |language=en}}</ref>
| religions = [[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]] (40%) [[Animism]] (30%) [[File:Christian cross.svg|12px]] [[Christianity]] (15.34%) [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|12px]] [[Islam]] (0.43%){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| related = [[Bodo-Kachari]]
| footnotes =
| website =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
}}
The '''Rabha people''' are a [[Tibeto-Burmese]] [[ethnic group]] who live mostly in the [[Northeast India]]n state of [[Assam]], with a lesser population in the adjacent state of [[West Bengal]].<ref>"Rabha, Bodo and Garo, all of which belong to a close-knit group of Tibeto-Burman languages."{{harvcol|Joseph|2006|p=1}}</ref> They primarily inhabit the plains of [[Lower Assam]] and the [[Dooars]], while some are found in the [[Garo Hills]]. Outside of India, they have a presence in [[Bhutan]], with communities in nine districts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Project |first=Joshua |title=Rabha in Bhutan |url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/17922/BT |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=joshuaproject.net |language=en}}</ref> Most of the Rabhas of Dooars refer to themselves as Rabha, but some of them often declare themselves as Kocha.<ref>"There stills exist another group of Rabhas called the Kocha or Koch"{{harvcol|Joseph|2006|p=2}}</ref>

== Groups ==
The Rabha community is divided into several subgroups or clans, each with distinct dialects, traditions, and cultural practices. According to linguistic and ethnographic studies, there are eleven dialectal groups of Rabhas: Rongdani, Maituri, Pati, Dahori, Dotla, Halua, Betolia, Hanna, Sunga, Modahi, and Kocha.<ref>{{cite book |last=Joseph |first=U. V. |title=Rabha Grammar |year=2006b |publisher=CIIL |location=Mysore |page=2}}</ref>

Among these, the '''Rongdani''', '''Maituri''', and '''Kocha Rabha''' dialects are still actively spoken, while others have become endangered or have completely died out.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rabha in Bhutan |last=Project |first=Joshua |website=Joshua Project |url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/17922/BT |access-date=2025-01-07 |language=en}}</ref>

These groups share close linguistic and cultural similarities with other members of the Bodo-Kachari ethnolinguistic family, including the Garo, Kachari, Mech, and Hajong communities.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kondakov |first=A. |title=Sociolinguistic Survey among the Koch |year=2010 |publisher=Anthropos Institute |page=22}}</ref>

The Rabhas belong to the Indo-Mongoloid group of people and are among the nine plains tribes and fourteen hill tribes of Assam.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Tribes of Assam |publisher=Government of Assam |year=2018}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Rabha Baptist Convention |url=https://www.rabhabaptistconvention.org |website=Rabha Baptist Convention |access-date=2025-01-07}}</ref>

== Language ==
{{see|Boro-Garo languages}}

Linguistically, Rabha has been classified in the following way: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, JingphoKonyak-Bodo, Konyak-Rabha, Rabha-, 2009). Members of each of the nine groups of Rabha are thought to speak their own dialect. However, except Rongdani, Maituri and Kocha the rest of the Rabha groups have abandoned their mother tongue for Assamese. In their day-to-day conversation they speak a variety of Assamese mixed with some Rabha words and expressions, and it has been called by a few researchers “Rabhamese." (Tibeto-Burman speeches and their studies, n.d., 22). The language of the Kocha-Rabhas is much more similar to that of the Koch rather than Rabha. A sociolinguistic survey conducted among the Koch (Kondakov 2010) establishes the evidence for this. According to U.V. Jose, the dialectic variations between Rongdani and Maituri are minimal. They are mutually intelligible, and the one merges almost imperceptibly into the other around the Goalpara Baida-Rongsai region. The Rongdani-Maituri dialectical differences become gradually more marked as one moves further west (Jose 2000). Rabha in many cases shows points of resemblance with Atong which is a variety traditionally considered a dialect of Garo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kondakov |first=Alexander |date=2023 |title=A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Rabha Dialects of Meghalaya and Assam |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/54680 |journal=Journal of Language Survey Reports |issue=2013 |pages=7 |via=SIL International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-15 |title=A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Rabha Dialects of Meghalaya and Assam |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/54680 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724125329/https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/54680 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |access-date=2024-12-31 |work=SIL International |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Rabha language]]
* [[Rabha Baptist Church Union]]
* [[Rabha Hasong Autonomous Council]]
* [[Rabha Hasong Joutha Mancha]]
* [[Bishnu Prasad Rabha|Bishnuprasad Rabha]]
* [[Assamese language]]
* [[Himalayan Languages Project]]
* [[Birubala Rabha]]
* [[Abhijit Rabha]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation
|surname1 = Mitra
|given1 = A.
|year = 1953
|title = West Bengal: District Handbooks: Jalpaiguri
|publisher = Govt. of West Bengal
|isbn = 
}}
*{{Cite book|last=Basumatārī|first=Phukana Candra|title=The Rabha Tribe of North-East India, Bengal and Bangladesh|year=2010|publisher= Mittal Publications}}
*{{Cite book|last=Joseph|first=Umbavu|title=Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region, Volume 1 Rabha|year=2006|publisher= Brill}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
* Saha, Rebatimohon (1987) "Jalpaiguri Jelar Koch-Rabha Samaj" (in Bengali) published in Ananda Gopal Ghosh edited ''Madhuparni'', Special issue on Jalpaiguri District.
* Raha, M.K. (1974) "The Rabhas of Western Duars: Structural Analysis of a Changing Matrilineal Society", Bulletin of the Cultural Research Institute, Vol. 10 (1 & 2).
* Ghosh, Saumitra (1990) "Vanbasi Rabhara" (in Bengali) Desh, Vol 57 (12), January 20.
* {{cite thesis |title=Constructing cultural identity of the kocha rabhas: a study on kokrajhar district of btad, assam |last=Lokobok |first=Romeo Rwtin |publisher=Gauhati University |date=2022 |hdl=10603/376628 |type=Doctor of Philosophy |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/376628}}
* Roy Choudhury, B. (1970) "Social Mobility Movement among the Rabhas of North Bengal", Man in India, Vol 50 (1).
* Gupta, Pabitra Kumar (1977) "Uttarbanger Rahba Samaj O Dharmasanskar Aandolon", (in Bengali) in Madhuparni: Special North Bengal Issue, 1977.
* Sarma, Dr. Nabin Ch (2006) "Oral Songs of Tribal Communities of Assam" a project of Assam Sahitya Sabha, Assam Institute of Research for Tribals and Scheduled Castes

{{Scheduled tribes of India}}
{{Scheduled tribes of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Social groups of Assam]]
[[Category:Tribes of Assam]]
[[Category:Tribes of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Sino-Tibetan-speaking people]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia]]
[[Category:Hindu ethnic groups]]
[[Category:Social groups of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Assam]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]

Hera Pheri

2026-01-16T21:57:09Z

KellyePoindexter: new

{{wikt|हेर-फेर|hi:हेराफेरी}}
'''Hera Pheri''' is a term meaning "wrongdoing' or "monkey business" in Hindi and may refer to these Indian films:

* [[Hera Pheri (1976 film)|''Hera Pheri'' (1976 film)]], a 1976 Hindi film directed by Prakash Mehra
* [[Hera Pheri (TV series)|''Hera Pheri'' (TV series)]], a 1999 comedy series starring Shekhar Suman and Rakhi Vijan|Rakhi Tandon
* [[Hera Pheri (film series)|''Hera Pheri'' (film series)]], a series of Indian comedy films
** [[Hera Pheri (2000 film)|''Hera Pheri'' (2000 film)]], a Hindi comedy directed by Priyadarshan, first in the series
** ''[[Phir Hera Pheri]]'', a 2006 film directed by Neeraj Vora, second in the series
** ''[[Hera Pheri 3]]'', an upcoming film, third in the series
** ''Hera Pheri'', a [[List of Indian Bengali films of 2016|2016 Indian Bengali-language]] remake by Sujit Guha

== See also ==
*[[Monkey Business (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation}}

Nematullah Azami

2026-01-15T11:52:52Z

KellyePoindexter: starting new info

{{Short description|Indian Islamic hadith scholar (b. 1936 AD)}}
{{Confuse|Nizamuddin Azami}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox religious biography
|religion = [[Islam]]
|title =
|honorific_prefix = {{small|Bahr al-Uloom, [[Maulana]]}}
|name = Nematullah Azami
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1936|12|24}}
|birth_place = [[Kurthi Jafarpur|Pura Maroof]], then Azamgarh district, [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], British India {{small|(now [[Mau district]], Uttar Pradesh, India)}}
|nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
|school = Isha'atul Uloom Pura Maroof [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
|main_interests = [[Hadith]], [[Fiqh]], [[Biographical evaluation]]
|notable_works =
|students = {{bulleted list|[[Abdullah Maroofi]]|[[Salman Mansoorpuri]]|[[Salman Bijnori]]|[[Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi]]|[[Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi]]}}
| teachers = {{ubl|[[Hussain Ahmad Madani]]|[[Izaz Ali Amrohi]]|[[Ibrahim Balyawi]]}}
|office1 = President [[Islamic Fiqh Academy, India]]
| term_start1 = 30 May 2011
|predecessor1 = [[Zafeeruddin Miftahi]]
|successor1 =
|office2 =
|term2 =
|predecessor2 =
|successor2 =
}}
'''Nematullah Azami''' (born 24 December 1936), also written as '''Nematullah Azmi''' and '''Ni'matullah Azami''', is an Indian Islamic hadith scholar, a [[Tafsir|commentator on the Quran]] (mufassir), and a [[faqīh]] (Islamic jurist). He is the president of India's [[Islamic Fiqh Academy, India|Islamic Fiqh Academy]]. He has also been serving as a senior lecturer at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] for forty years.

== Early life and education ==
Nematullah Azami was born on 24 December 1936, in Pura Maroof ([[Kurthi Jafarpur]]), [[Azamgarh District]], [[United Provinces of British India]] (now [[Mau District]], Uttar Pradesh).<ref name="Jāme o Mukhtasar">{{Cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah Khalili|url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jame O Mukhtasar Tareekh|trans-title =A comprehensive and brief history of Darul Uloom Deoband|publisher=Shaikh-Ul-Hind Academy |edition=3rd|date= October 2020 |location=India |pages=685, 767|language=ur|oclc=1345466013}}</ref>

Azami received his primary education at Madrasa Isha'atul Uloom Pura Maroof, where he studied Arabic language and pursued courses up to ''Sullam al-Uloom'', under the supervision of his elder brother, Amanatullah Azami.<ref name="Fuzail">{{cite web |last=Nasiri |first=Fuzail Ahmad |author-link=Fuzail Ahmad Nasiri |date=8 May 2021 |title=پچھلے علماء کی یادگار، اگل علماء کا معیار سراج المحدثین حضرت مولانا نعمت اللہ اعظمی صاحب مدظلہ |trans-title=The memory of the previous scholars, the standard of the next scholars Siraj ul-Muhaddithīn Maulana Nematullah Azmi |url=https://www.baseeratonline.com/archives/145972 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117015336/https://www.baseeratonline.com/archives/145972 |archive-date=17 January 2024 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=Baseerat Online |language=ur}}</ref>

After that, he enrolled in [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] and graduated from the Hadith course in 1953 (1372 AH). He continued there for another year or two after graduation, spending time on various subjects.<ref name="Mashāhīr">{{cite book |last=Maroofi|first=Muhammad Usman|title=Mashahīr-e-Pura Maroof|date=1976|publisher=Maktaba Usmania|location=Pura Maroof, Baloh, [[Kurthi Jafarpur]], Mau district|pages=81–82|chapter=Sheikh al-Hadith Maulana Nematullah|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/MashaheerEPooraMaroofMau/page/n80/mode/1up|language=ur}}</ref><ref name="Hanīf">{{Cite web |last=Qasmi |first=Rafiuddin Hanif |date=26 February 2018 |title=Hazrat Maulana Nematullah Azmi |url=https://mazameen.com/%d8%ad%d8%b6%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d9%85%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7-%d9%86%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%db%81-%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85%db%8c/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117015025/https://mazameen.com/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%DB%8C/ |archive-date=17 January 2024 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=mazmeen.com |language=ur}}</ref><ref name="Fuzail" /> At the Deoband seminary, his teachers included [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]] and [[Ibrahim Balyawi]].<ref name="Azami">{{cite book |last=Azmi|first=Abul Hasan|title=Hazrat Maulana Abdul Khaliq Madrasi: Ek Dil Aawez Shakhsiyat|date=2004|edition=|publisher=Maktaba Sautul Qura|location=Deoband|page=41|chapter=Maulana Nematullah Azmi|language=ur}}</ref><ref name="Fuzail" /> His classmates included [[Anzar Shah Kashmiri]] and [[Qazi Mujahidul Islam Qasmi]].<ref name="Fuzail" /><ref name="Farooque">{{cite book|last=Qasmi|first=Farooque Azam|title=Aasma'n Kaise Kaise|publisher=Markazi Publications|location=[[New Delhi]]|edition=1st|date=2022|chapter=Bahrul Uloom|pages=34–42|language=ur}}</ref>

== Career ==
After graduation, Azami was a teacher for two years at Darul Uloom Hussainia, Tawli, [[Muzaffarnagar district]], then taught [[Sahih al-Tirmidhi]] and [[Sahih al-Bukhari]] for a few years in Damaipur, Malda, West Bengal. After that, he did teaching services in various madrasas like Jāmi'at-ur-Rashād Azamgarh, Misbah-ul-Uloom Kopaganj, Miftah-ul-Uloom Mau, and Mazhar-ul-Uloom Banaras. On the invitation of [[Habibur Rahman Azami|Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami]], he served for a few years in Miftah-ul-Uloom, Mau, as [[Sheikh al-Hadith]].<ref name="Mashāhīr" /><ref name="Fuzail" /> He also provided teaching services in some madrasas in Assam and Gujarat.<ref name="Hanīf" />

In 1982 (1402 AH), on the invitation of [[Wahiduzzaman Kairanawi]], he came to [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] where he was appointed as a senior teacher.<ref name="Fuzail" /><ref name="Cambridge">{{cite book |last=Zaman|first=Muhammad Qasim|title=Modern Islamic Thought in a Radical Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uf0fAwAAQBAJ&dq=nematullah+azmi&pg=PA98|date=2012|edition=|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|location=[[Cambridge]]|page=98|isbn=9781139577182 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumillai |first=Muhammad Hifzur Rahman |url=https://shamela.ws/book/819/16 |title=Al Budoor Al Madya Fī Trājim Al Hanafia |publisher=Dar as-Saleh |year=2018 |edition=2nd |location=Cairo, Egypt |pages=20 |language=ar}}</ref><ref name="Ghori">{{Cite book |last=Nadwi |first=Ahmad Zakaria Ghori|url=https://archive.org/download/WAQ110839s/01_110839s.pdf |title=Muqaddamt al-Imām Abil-Hasan |edition=1st|publisher=Dar Ibn-Kathīr |year=2010 |location=[[Damascus]], Syria |page=126 |language=ar}}</ref> He has taught books like Mebzi, [[Tafsir al-Baydawi]], Musāmarah, [[Muwatta Imam Malik]], [[Sunan Abu Dawood]], and [[Sahih Muslim]] at Darul Uloom Deoband, and currently the teaching of the first volume of [[Jami al-Tirmidhi]] is related to him.<ref name="Azami" /><ref name="Fuzail" /><ref name="Jāme o Mukhtasar" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Al Jabiri |first=Ahmad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OpgxDwAAQBAJ |title=الدرس الحديثي المعاصر |publisher=Markaz Nama’ Li al-Buhth wa al-Dirāsāt |year=2017 |isbn=978-614-431-707-5 |edition=1st |location=[[Cairo]], Egypt |pages=363–364 |language=ar |trans-title=A Contemporary Hadith Lesson}}</ref>

After [[Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri]], his name was suggested for the post of Sheikh al-Hadith and Principal of Darul Uloom Deoband, which he declined.<ref name="Fuzail" /> He is known by the title "Bahrul Uloom" ({{translation|The Ocean of Knowledge}}) due to his meticulous and extensive study of [[Hadith studies|Hadith]], [[biographical evaluation]] (ʿIlm al-rijāl), Christianity, and Judaism.<ref name="Fuzail" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=al-Sughnaqi |first1=Husam al-Din |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vY3iEAAAQBAJ&dq=%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%D9%8A&pg=PT8 |title=An-Nihāyah Fī Sharh al-Hiadayah (Vol. 1) |last2=Afghani |first2=Muhammad Ahmad |publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah |year=2023 |isbn=978-2-7451-9445-9 |location=Beirut, Lebanon |pages=9–10 |language=ar}}</ref>

In the meeting of the governing body of Darul Uloom Deoband held on Safar 1421 AH, on the advice of [[Asad Madani]], the proposal to establish a "Department of Specialization in Hadith" in Darul Uloom Deoband was approved, and Azami was appointed as its patron.<ref name="Mausoo'ah">{{cite book |last=Mubarakpuri|first=Arif Jameel|author-link=Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri|title=Mausoo'a Ulama-u- Deoband|trans-title=The Encyclopedia of Deobandi Scholars|date=2021|edition=1st|publisher=Shaikhul Hind Academy|location=Deoband|page=488|language=ar}}</ref><ref name="Hasan">{{cite book |last=Maroofi|first=Muhammad Abdullah|title=Al-Hadith Al-Hasan Fī Jami al-Tirmidhi|url=https://archive.org/details/al-Hadith-al-Hasan-Fi-Jami-al-Tirmidhi/page/n1/mode/1up|date=2004|publisher=Shaikhul Hind Academy|location=Deoband|pages=5–6|chapter=Foreword by [[Marghubur Rahman Bijnori]]|language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Maroofi |first1=Abd as-Sattar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zkAyEAAAQBAJ&dq=%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%D9%8A&pg=PT9 |title=Masha'ikh al-Imām al-'Azam |last2=Azmi |first2=Mas‘ood Ahmad |publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah |year=2021 |isbn=978-2-7451-9855-6 |location=Beirut, Lebanon |pages=10, 12, 37 |language=ar}}</ref><ref name="Ghori" /><ref name=": Bayyināt">{{Cite journal|date=September 2016 |editor1-last=Iskander|editor1-first=Abdur Razzaq|editor1-link=Abdur Razzaq Iskander |editor2-last=Banuri|editor2-first=Sulaiman Yousuf|editor3-last=Mustafa|editor3-first=Muhammad Ijaz|title=Uloom-e-Hadith Mein Ikhtisās: Ahmiyat o Zarūrat, by Muhammad Yāsir Abdullah|trans-title=Specialization in Hadith Sciences: Importance and Necessity, by Muhammad Yāsir Abdullah|url=https://www.banuri.edu.pk/bayyinat-detail/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AB-%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA |journal=[[Bayyināt]] |language=ur |location=[[Allama Banuri Town]], Karachi|publisher=[[Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia]] |volume=79 |issue=11 |pages=38–39}}</ref>

He was appointed as president of the [[Islamic Fiqh Academy, India|Islamic Fiqh Academy]] on 30 May 2011, succeeding [[Zafeeruddin Miftahi]].<ref name="Hanīf" /><ref name="two circles">{{cite news|author=|title=Maulana Nematullah Azmi elected as president of Islamic Fiqh Academy|url=https://twocircles.net/2011may31/maulana_nematullah_azmi_elected_president_islamic_fiqh_academy.html|work=[[Two Circles]]|location=|date=31 May 2011|access-date=11 November 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref name="indianmuslimobserver">{{cite news
| author =
| title = Maulana Mohammad Naimatullah Azmi Elected As The President Of Islamic Fiqh Academy-India
| url = https://theindianawaaz.com/maulana-azmi-is-new-chief-of-fiqh-academy-2/
| work =
The Indian Awaaz
| location =
| date = 1 June 2011
| access-date = 11 November 2022
|language=en
}}</ref><ref name="Deoband Online">{{cite news|author=|title=Maulana Nematullah Azmi Elected President of Islamic Fiqh Academy|url=http://www.deoband.net/news/maulana-nematullah-azmi-elected-president-of-islamic-fiqh-academy|work=Deoband Online|location=|date=31 May 2011|access-date=11 November 2022|language=en}}</ref>

He is convinced of the necessity of [[ijtihad]] in religious matters.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=About Nematullah Azami|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZNtAAAAMAAJ&q=nematullah+azmi|journal=The Muslim World |volume=3|issue=1–12|date=2001|publisher=[[World Muslim Congress]]|page=18|language=en}}</ref>

In March 2019, Islamic jurists, including Azami, stated the [[Sukanya Samriddhi Account|Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana]] (SSY), a scheme launched by the Indian government, is "illegal" according to [[Sharia|Islamic Shari'a]] because it contains [[Riba|interest]] as a part.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 March 2019 |title=Sukanya Samriddhi Yojna "illegal" as per Sharia: Islamic jurists |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sukanya-samriddhi-yojna-illegal-as-per-sharia-islamic-jurists-119033000391_1.html |access-date=7 January 2024 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>

== Literary works==
Under the supervision of Azami, from the Department of Specialization in Hadith of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], on the various terms of [[Jami al-Tirmidhi]], some research books have been published in several volumes under the names of ''Al-Hadith al-Hasan Fī Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi'', ''Hasan an-Gharīb Fī Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi'', and ''Hadith an-Gharīb Fī Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi''.<ref name="Jāme o Mukhtasar" /><ref name=": Bayyināt" />

He has done the work of commenting on the book ''Al-Ilzāmāt'' by [[Al-Daraqutni]].<ref name="Mashāhīr" /> His works include:<ref name="Hanīf" /><ref name="Fuzail" /><ref name="Farooque" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Barnī |first=Abū Muḥammad ʻAbd al-Raḥmān Kawthar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8HXAAAAMAAJ&q=%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%D9%8A |title=علماء ديوبند وخدماتهم في علم الحديث |publisher=Shaikh al-Hind Academy |year=1998 |location=Deoband |pages=276 |language=ar |trans-title=Deobandi scholars and their services in Hadith science}}</ref><ref name=":Khatoon">{{Cite thesis |last=Khatoon |first=Aaisha |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364027 |title=Aazadi ke Baad Hindustan ki Khidmaat e Hadith |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |location=India |language=urdu |type=PhD |hdl=10603/364027 |pages=201–202|access-date=9 January 2024|archive-date=24 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024064943/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364027 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Ni'm al-Bayān fī Tarjama al-Quran'' (a exegesis of the Quran)
* ''Dars-e-Bukhari'' (compilation of the lectures of his teacher [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]] on [[Sahih al-Bukhari]])
* ''Ni'mat al-Mun'im'' (an Urdu commentary on [[Sahih Muslim]] in two volumes)<ref name=":Kaleem">{{Cite thesis |last=Kaleem |first=Mohd |title=Contribution of Old boys of Darul uloom Deoband in Hadith Literature |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/364028 |type=PhD |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364028 |access-date=18 October 2025 |archive-date=18 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251018122843/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364028 |url-status=live |pages=301–302}}</ref>
* ''Taqrīb Sharḥ Maʿāni al-Āthār'' (5 volumes; translated also into English by Habib Bewley under the title ''Sharḥ Maʿāni al-Āthār: Explanation of the Meanings of the Traditions''<ref>{{Cite web |title=At-Tahawi's Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar Meaning of Traditions [English] |url=https://kitaabun.com/shopping3/tahawis-sharh-maani-athar-meaning-traditions-english-p-7651.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108154205/https://kitaabun.com/shopping3/tahawis-sharh-maani-athar-meaning-traditions-english-p-7651.html |archive-date=8 January 2024 |access-date=8 January 2024 |website=kitaabun.com}}</ref>)
* ''Al-Fawāid al-Muhimma Fī Dirāsat al-Mutūn wa Mukhtalaf al-Hadīth'' (important benefits of studying texts and different hadiths)
* ''Madāris ar-Ruwāt wa Mashāhīr-u-Asātizatihā Ma'a Talāmidhatihim wa Tabaqātihim'' (Schools of Hadith narrators and their famous teachers, along with their students and their generations)
* ''īsāiyat; Injīl Ki Roshni Mein'' (A Study of Christianity in the Light of the [[Gospel in Islam|Gospel]])
* ''Dirāsat u Tatbīq al-Amthilah Li ‘Anwā‘ al-ahadīth al-mukhtalifah'' (Study the application of examples to different types of hadiths)
* ''Dirāsat al-Hadith as-Sahīh wa al-Hasan wa Aqsāmuha wa Fikratu Ibn as-Salah wa Dirāsat u Miqyās-i-Ma'rifat-i-Rijāl al-Hasan Li Zātih'' (in Arabic; studying ''the authentic hadith'' and ''the good hadith'' and their divisions, the idea of [[Ibn al-Salah]], and studying the standard of knowledge of the men of ''the good hadith in and of itself''.)
* ''Al-Ahādīth al-Mukhtārah Li al-Hifz Li Qism at-Takhassus Fi al-Hadīth'' (in Arabic; Hadiths selected for memorization for the Department of Specialization in Hadith)
* ''Tashīl al-Usool'' (in Arabic; a book co-authored with Riyasat Ali Zafar Bijnori on the [[Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence]])
* ''[[iarchive:ImamAbuHanifaParIrjaKiTohmat|Hazrat Imām Abu Hanīfa Par Irja’ Ki Tuhmat]]'', a rejection of the accusation of postponement ([[Murji'ah|’Irja’]]) against [[Abu Hanifa]]
* ''Fuqaha‘ as-Sahāba'' (Islamic jurists from the [[Companions of the Prophet]])
* ''Hadīth e Jassāsah'' (A response to the refutation of [[Tamim al-Dari#The narrative of the Dajjal|Hadith Al-Jassasah]] about [[Al-Masih ad-Dajjal|Dajjal]])
* ''Allah Par Imān Kiya Hai?'' (in Urdu; What is the definition of [[Iman (Islam)|faith]] in [[Allah]]?)

== See also ==
* [[List of Deobandis]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azami, Nematullah}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:People from Mau district]]
[[Category:People from Azamgarh district]]
[[Category:Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Hadith scholars]]
[[Category:Biographical evaluation scholars]]

Patola (film)

2025-12-29T00:01:39Z

KellyePoindexter: cleanup

{{No plot|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Patola ਪਟੋਲਾ
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Jagjit Gill]]
| producer = Joginder Pardesi,
| writer = Rajinder Rajan
| screenplay = [[Babu Singh Maan]]
| story =
| based_on =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Veerendra]], [[Gurcharan Pohli]] Daljeet Kaur
| music = [[Muhammad Sadiq (singer)|Muhammad Sadiq]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1988|03|25|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Patola''''' ("beautiful girl") is a 1988 [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0454523/|title=Patola|date=25 March 1988|publisher=|accessdate=2 April 2018|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> produced by J.P. Pardesi, Rammi Bhalwan and Manjit Lovely. It was directed by [[Jagjeet]], with music by [[Muhammad Sadiq (singer)|Mohammad Sadiq]].

==Cast==
* [[Veerendra]] ... Balwant 'Ballu'
* [[Gurcharan Pohli]] ... Mangal
* [[Daljeet Kaur]] ... Raani<ref>{{cite web|url=http://waqatdiaawaz.blogspot.com.au/2013/08/blog-post.html|title=ਵਕਤ ਦੀ ਆਵਾਜ਼: ਅਦਾਕਾਰਾ ਦਲਜੀਤ ਕੌਰ|first=Kingfisher Media|last=Int|date=26 August 2013|publisher=|accessdate=2 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Shobhini Singh]] ... Taaro
* [[Satish Kaul]] ... Amar
* [[Surinder Shinda]] ... Dharma
* [[Gauri Khurana]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bhojpuripanchayat.in/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D/|title=कजरारे नैनो वाली अभिनेत्री गौरी खुराना की वापसी – भोजपुरी पंचायत|website=bhojpuripanchayat.in|accessdate=2 April 2018}}</ref> ... Gurmeet kaur
* [[Amar Singh Chamkila]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pw17tkfkkeg|title=ਪਟੋਲਾ -- New Punjabi Movie -- Latest Punjabi Movie|last=Punjabi Movies|date=18 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=2 April 2018|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.suhisaver.org/index.php?cate=2&&tipid=3484|title=ਮਰ ਕੇ ਵੀ ਅਮਰ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ ਚਮਕੀਲਾ - ਸੰਦੀਪ ਰਾਣਾ|website=www.suhisaver.org|accessdate=2 April 2018}}</ref> ... Live Performance- Akhara
* [[Amarjyot Kaur]] ... Live Performance- Akhara
* [[Muhammad Sadiq (singer)|Mohammad Sadiq]] ... Kishna Kautki
* [[Mehar Mittal]] ... Ghichroo
* [[Pooja Lakhi]] ... Melo
* [[Ranjit Kaur]] ... Special appearance in Gidha
* [[Harbhajan Jabbal]] ... Tota Amli
* [[Saroop Parinda]] ... Chachi
* [[Rami Pehalwan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links==
*{{IMDb title|0454523}}

[[Category:1987 films]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s Punjabi-language films]]
[[Category:1988 Indian films]]
{{Punjabi-film-stub}}

Dinesh Gupta

2025-12-20T22:13:14Z

KellyePoindexter: expanded section additionally and added references for clarity

{{Short description|Indian revolutionary (1911–1931)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dinesh Gupta
| image = Freedom fighter Dinesh Gupta.tif
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1911|12|06|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Munshiganj|Bikrampur]], [[Eastern Bengal and Assam]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1931|07|07|1911|12|06|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Alipore Jail]], [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_cause = Execution by hanging
| other_names =
| alma_mater = [[Dhaka College]]
| occupation =
| known_for = [[Writers' Building]] attack
| mother =Binodini Devi
| father =Satish Chandra Gupta
| relatives =
}}
{{Benoy Badal Dinesh}}

'''Dinesh Chandra Gupta''' ({{langx|bn|দীনেশচন্দ্র গুপ্ত}} ''Dinesh Chôndro Gupto'') or '''Dinesh Gupta''' (6 December 1911 – 7 July 1931) was an Indian revolutionary against [[British Raj|British rule in India]], who is noted for launching an attack on the Secretariat Building - the [[Writers' Building]] in the [[B.B.D. Bagh|Dalhousie square]] in [[Calcutta]], along with [[Badal Gupta]] and [[Benoy Basu]].

[[Rabindrasangeet]] exponent and trainer Maya Sen (maiden name Gupta) was his niece. Even he suggested his sister-in-law Ashalata Gupta to let Maya learn Rabindrasangeet. His nephew and Maya's brother, Tapan Gupta, was a doctor and established 'the Tagoreans' in London. Mr. Gupta's daughter is an MBE, [[Tanika Gupta]], a playwright and regularly works for BBC and the stage in England.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

==Early activities==
Dinesh Gupta was born on 6 December 1911 in Josholong in [[Munshiganj District]], now in [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="bp">{{cite book |last=Mohanta |first=Sambaru Chandra |year=2012 |chapter=Gupta, Dinesh Chandra |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Gupta,_Dinesh_Chandra |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> While he was studying in [[Dhaka College]], Dinesh joined [[Bengal Volunteers]] - a group organized by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] in 1928, on the occasion of the Calcutta session of the [[Indian National Congress]]. Soon, the Bengal Volunteers transformed itself to a more active revolutionary association and planned to assassinate certain [[Indian Imperial Police]] officers. For a short while, Dinesh Gupta was in [[Midnapore]] training local revolutionaries in the use of firearms. Revolutionaries trained by him were responsible for the assassination of three District Magistrates in succession, Douglas, Burge, and Peddy.

==The battle of Writers' Building==
The association targeted Lt Col NS Simpson, the Inspector General of Prisons, who was infamous for his mistreatment of the prisoners in the jails.{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} The revolutionaries decided not only to murder him, but also to strike terror in British colonial circles by launching an attack on the Secretariat Building - the [[Writers' Building]] in the [[Dalhousie Square]] in [[Kolkata]].

On 8 December 1930, Dinesh, along with [[Benoy Basu]] and [[Badal Gupta]], dressed in European costume, entered the Writers' Building and shot dead Simpson. Nearby police started firing at them in response. What ensued was a brief gunfight between the three young revolutionaries and the police. Some other officers, like Twynam, Prentice, and Nelson, suffered injuries during the shooting.

Soon, police overpowered them. However, the three did not wish to be arrested. [[Badal Gupta]] took Potassium cyanide, while Benoy and Dinesh shot themselves with their own revolvers. Benoy was taken to the hospital, where he died on 13 December 1930.

==The trial and hanging==
However, Dinesh survived the near-fatal injury. He was convicted and sentenced to death.

While in [[Alipore Jail]], he wrote letters to his sister. He was hanged on 7 July 1931 at Alipore Jail. Soon after that, [[Kanailal Bhattacharjee]] took revenge for the hanging by killing Judge Ralph Reynolds Garlick (the judge of the Dinesh Gupta case) on 27 July 1931.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Shahid Dinesh (Bengali) |last=Prithwish C. Gupta |publisher=Shrayan |year=2016 |isbn=978-81-926712-6-0 |location=Kolkata |pages=81}}</ref>

== Writings ==
Dinesh Gupta translated a short story by [[Anton Chekhov]], which was published in ''[[Prabasi]]'' Magazine. He also wrote 92 letters from the condemned cell of the Alipore Central Jail. A few to his sister in law ({{lang|bn-Latn|boudi}}) Ashalata Gupta.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1080615/jsp/frontpage/story_9414008.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619025659/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080615/jsp/frontpage/story_9414008.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 June 2008 |title=Hanged Bengali icon's great-niece bags MBE |first=Amit |last=Roy |date=15 June 2008 |work=The Telegraph |location=India |access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref>

==Significance==
Benoy, Badal, and Dinesh were treated as martyrs by supporters in Bengal and other parts of India. After [[Partition of India|independence]], Dalhousie Square was named [[B. B. D. Bagh]] - after the Benoy-Badal-Dinesh trio. In memory of their writers' attack, a plate was engraved in the wall of the Writers' Building, first floor.
[[File:Memory of martyrdom.jpg|thumb|Memory of martyrdom]]

==Bibliography==
* Hemendranath Dasgupta, Bharater Biplab Kahini, II & III, Calcutta, 1948;
* [[Ramesh Chandra Majumdar]], History of the Freedom Movement in India, III, Calcutta 1963;
* Ganganarayan Chandra, Abismaraniya, Calcutta, 1966.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Gupta,_Dinesh_Chandra

{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Dinesh}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1931 deaths]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule]]
[[Category:Anti-British establishment revolutionaries from East Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Munshiganj District]]
[[Category:Executed Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:20th-century executions by British India]]
[[Category:People executed by British India by hanging]]

Propaganda and India in World War II

2025-12-19T18:57:01Z

KellyePoindexter: typo fix

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Main|India in World War II}}
{{multiple issues|
{{original research|date=November 2012}}
{{lead rewrite|date=December 2012}}
}}

[[File:Flag of the Indian Legion.svg|thumb|Flag of the [[Indian Legion]], led by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]]]
Throughout [[World War II]], both the Axis and Allied sides used [[propaganda]] to sway the opinions of [[Indian people|Indian]] civilians and troops, while at the same time [[Indian nationalists]] applied propaganda both within and outside India to promote the cause of [[Indian Independence Movement|Indian independence]].

==Allied Propaganda in India==

===British Propaganda in India===
[[File:INF3-318 Unity of Strength Together (British Empire servicemen).jpg|thumb|left|INF 3/318 Unity of Strength Together (British Empire servicemen)]]

The Far Eastern Bureau was responsible for all overt propaganda in India, and for the printing of leaflets and newspapers to be disseminated there.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ics-www.leeds.ac.uk/papers/pmt/exhibits/1517/pwe_report.pdf |title=Streatfield, Y.M, The Major Developments in Political Warfare Throughout the War, 1938-1945, Original Document held by British Public Record Office, 1949, p.54 |access-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930160739/http://ics-www.leeds.ac.uk/papers/pmt/exhibits/1517/pwe_report.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Front line propaganda to Indian soldiers was carried out by the General Headquarters of India (GHQ).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ics-www.leeds.ac.uk/papers/pmt/exhibits/1517/pwe_report.pdf |title=Streatfield, Y.M, The Major Developments in Political Warfare Throughout the War, 1938-1945, Original Document held by British Public Record Office, 1949, p.54 |access-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930160739/http://ics-www.leeds.ac.uk/papers/pmt/exhibits/1517/pwe_report.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The majority of British propaganda was disseminated through newspaper, radio, and printed news sheets and leaflets. One news sheet was titled the "Hamara Hindustan" and was a four-page weekly newspaper with stories of progress in the war in Europe and Asia, as well as maps and images. This paper was printed in [[Urdu]], and first disseminated in early 1944 by GHQ, India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.psywarrior.com/AxisPropIndia.html |title=Axis Propaganda Against Indian Troops |publisher=Psywarrior.com}}</ref> Many of the leaflets and newspapers were particularly focused at Indian troops towards the end of the war.

==Axis Propaganda in India==

===German Propaganda in India===

At the beginning of World War II, the Germans were hesitant to get involved with India as it was part of the British Empire.<ref>Hayes, Romain, Subhas Chandra Bose in Nazi Germany, Politics, Intelligence and Propaganda 1941-43, Hurst & Company, 2011.</ref> [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] was the main impetus for the Germans and the [[Axis powers]] to launch propaganda campaigns there. Bose was a prominent Indian nationalist leader who had sought the help of the Axis powers during World War II in hopes of gaining independence from the British. With the help of the Nazis, Bose created a radio station called [[Azad Hind Radio]], or Free India Radio.<ref>Hayes, Romain, Subhas Chandra Bose in Nazi Germany, Politics, Intelligence and Propaganda 1941-43, Hurst & Company, 2011, p.96</ref> Bose's first statement on Azad Hind Radio came on February 28, 1942. The main theme of this broadcast was anti-British and pro-Nationalist, including statements such as "For other nations, British imperialism may be the enemy of today, but for India, it is the eternal foe….Standing at one of the crossroads of world history, I solemnly declare on behalf of all freedom-loving Indians in India and abroad, that we shall continue to fight British imperialism till India is once again the mistress of her destiny. During this struggle, and in the reconstruction that will follow, we shall heartily co-operate with all those who will help us in overthrowing the common enemy….The hour of India’s salvation is at hand."<ref>Hayes, Romain, Subhas Chandra Bose in Nazi Germany, Politics, Intelligence and Propaganda 1941-43, Hurst & Company, 2011, p.89.</ref> Following this broadcast, [[Joseph Goebbels]], Reich Minister of Propaganda, wrote "We shall now begin our official fight on behalf of India."<ref>Hayes, Romain, Subhas Chandra Bose in Nazi Germany, Politics, Intelligence and Propaganda 1941-43, Hurst & Company, 2011, p.90</ref> The broadcasts were repeatedly aired on Axis radio stations around the world, and to at least a dozen Axis stations in India.<ref>Hayes, Romain, Subhas Chandra Bose in Nazi Germany, Politics, Intelligence and Propaganda 1941-43, Hurst & Company, 2011, p.96.</ref> Bose continued to broadcast on Azad Hind Radio, focusing mainly on Indian independence and anti-British and anti-Allied themes.

Aside from Bose, Germany built upon whatever sympathy there was for their ideas, particularly in Bengal.<ref>D'souza, Eugene. German Propaganda in India. Social Scientist, p.77-90</ref> The Germans had Hitler's book, [[Mein Kampf]], translated into all the major Indian languages to spread their beliefs. They also mailed pro-Nazi literature to publications and German clubs.<ref>D'souza, Eugene. Nazi Propaganda in India. Social Scientist, p.77-90</ref>

===Japanese Propaganda in India===
[[File:Japanese propaganda leaflet India.jpg|thumb|Japanese propaganda leaflet depicting Allied leaders such as [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]], [[Chiang Kai-shek]] and [[Winston Churchill|Churchill]] trying to push or pull an Indian into the fight against the Japanese, 1943]]
[[File:Japanese Propaganda WWII India.jpg|thumb|Leaflet depicting an [[Indian elephant]] with the INA symbol lifting [[John Bull]] high over its head.]]

The Japanese regarded India as a potential part of their Greater East-Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere, and planned from early in the war to subvert Indian troops. They wanted a pro-Indian independence organisation in place by the time they attacked the United States, and aided in the creation of the [[Indian National Army]] (INA).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.psywarrior.com/AxisPropIndia.html |title=Axis Propaganda Against Indian Troops |publisher=Psywarrior.com}}</ref> When creating the INA, the Japanese agreed to whole-hearted aid, cooperation, and alliance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.psywarrior.com/AxisPropIndia.html |title=Axis Propaganda Against Indian Troops |publisher=Psywarrior.com }}</ref> The Japanese considered Subhas Chandra Bose as the probable leader for the INA.

Japanese propaganda to Indian troops was accomplished primarily through leaflets and radio. Leaflets distributed to Indian troops, particularly along the border region, asked them to join the Japanese and help liberate India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.psywarrior.com/AxisPropIndia.html |title=Axis Propaganda Against Indian Troops|publisher=Psywarrior.com}}</ref> A “Free India” radio station was installed in Saigon, encouraging the Indians to launch an anti-colonial revolution while the British were weak and occupied elsewhere. “Indian Independence” transmitters were also set up in Bangkok and Singapore, as was an “Indian Muslim Station.”<ref>Rhodes, Anthony, Propaganda, Wellfleet Press, 1987.</ref>

==Outside India==

===British Propaganda against Indian Troops===
The main purpose of British propaganda aimed at Indian troops was to maintain Indian morale<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ics-www.leeds.ac.uk/papers/pmt/exhibits/1517/pwe_report.pdf |title=Streatfield, Y.M, The Major Developments in Political Warfare Throughout the War, 1938-1945, Original Document held by British Public Record Office, 1949, p.53 |access-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930160739/http://ics-www.leeds.ac.uk/papers/pmt/exhibits/1517/pwe_report.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and to counter Axis propaganda. To counter the Axis propaganda leaflets dropped on Indian troops, the British government developed a propaganda campaign involving leaflets and radio broadcasts for Indian troops who had joined the Germans and Japanese.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.psywarrior.com/AxisPropIndia.html |title=Axis Propaganda Against Indian Troops |publisher=Psywarrior.com}}</ref> The leaflet campaign was particularly successful, with many Indian soldiers fighting against the British surrendering as a result of the leaflets. In 1944, the leaflet campaign rose to 1.5 million leaflets a month dropped on Indian National Army soldiers who had been fighting for the Axis.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://ics-www.leeds.ac.uk/papers/pmt/exhibits/1517/pwe_report.pdf |title= Streatfield, Y.M, The Major Developments in Political Warfare Throughout the War, 1938-1945, Original Document held by British Public Record Office, 1949, p.56 |access-date= 2012-11-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120930160739/http://ics-www.leeds.ac.uk/papers/pmt/exhibits/1517/pwe_report.pdf |archive-date= 2012-09-30 |url-status= dead }}</ref> Many leaflets were distributed guaranteeing safe passage for Indians fighting against the Allies who surrendered, and warning of the dangers of collaborating with the enemy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.psywarrior.com/AxisPropIndia.html |title=Axis Propaganda Against Indian Troops |publisher=Psywarrior.com}}</ref>

The British also influenced those Indian troops fighting with the Japanese by playing Japanese music over loudspeakers along with reports of Japanese defeats, and calls to
desert. In leaflets, the British used rumours and innuendos to demoralise Indian troops aligned with the Japanese.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.psywarrior.com/AxisPropIndia.html |title=Axis Propaganda Against Indian Troops |publisher=Psywarrior.com}}</ref>

===Axis propaganda against Indian Troops===

The Nazi authorities designed a number of propaganda leaflets targeting Indians troops which they dropped behind Allied lines during the war. Common themes in these leaflets included claims that Indian troops were being used as [[cannon fodder]], promoting division between British officers and the Indian troops under their command, and encouraging Indian troops to desert to the Axis side.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.psywarrior.com/AxisPropIndia.html |title=Axis Propaganda Against Indian Troops |publisher=Psywarrior.com}}</ref> These leaflets were distributed in many of the languages of the Indian subcontinent.

===Anti-Indian Nationalist propaganda in the United States===
After the start of World War II, America was opposed to and suspicious of foreign propaganda. This did not stop Great Britain from conducting an ongoing propaganda campaign in the United States regarding India.<ref>Weigold, Auriol, Churchill, Roosevelt and India: Propaganda During World War II, Routledge, 2008, p.4</ref>

As a former colony of the British Empire, America was automatically sympathetic to calls for Indian independence. From mid-1941, [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|President Roosevelt]] exerted constant pressure on [[Winston Churchill|Prime Minister Churchill]] to reach a political settlement with India.<ref>Weigold, Auriol, Churchill, Roosevelt and India: Propaganda During World War II, Routledge, 2008, p.xi</ref> Pressure also came from the [[Indian National Congress]] party, China, and the Labour Party in Britain.

British propaganda regarding India in the United States was aimed at convincing President Franklin Delano Roosevelt that there was no viable alternative.<ref>Weigold, Auriol, Churchill, Roosevelt and India: Propaganda During World War II, Routledge, 2008, p.xi</ref>

The campaign was started in 1942. Starting in January 1942, the British Embassy in Washington, D.C., as well as British and Indian Government sources, released propaganda material to the American press. This propaganda was launched particularly in preparation for the announcement of the Cripps’ Offer, an apparently unconditional proposal for Indian self-rule. The British propaganda placed in American papers regarding the offer gave the impression that Indian nationalists would turn it down.<ref>Weigold, Auriol, Churchill, Roosevelt and India: Propaganda During World War II, Routledge, 2008, p.3</ref>

Themes in the propaganda campaign included:
* British expertise on India
* Britain's record in India and historical links to the country
* The complexities of Indian society
* The idea that there was no alternative to British rule for India
* British responsibility to India and its people
* Britain's effort to give India a measure of self-government
* Discrediting of the Indian nationalist leadership, particularly characterising leaders such as Nehru as either naïve politicians and thinkers or as potentially viable leaders held in thrall and misled by [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]
* Discrediting of [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]

Methods of dispersing propaganda included using the American media to disperse anti-Indian ideas, publishing or subsidising the publishing of anti-Indian nationalist books, and influencing important political leaders, including President Roosevelt, who had a long relationship with Prime Minister Churchill.

One outcome of the British propaganda campaign in the United States was a backlash against Britain following its suppression of the Gandhi-inspired Quit India movement. Ultimately, the campaign was not successful because American public opinion was in favor of Indian independence.<ref>Weigold, Auriol, Churchill, Roosevelt and India: Propaganda During World War II, Routledge, 2008, p.3</ref>

===Indian nationalist propaganda in the United States===
Indian nationalist leaders challenged Britain's propaganda regarding India in the United States primarily through the publication of pamphlets, magazines, articles in newspapers and events. The biggest monthly pamphlet was titled “India Today” and was published by the India League of America. This pamphlet was an opportunity to disseminate the pro-independence arguments of the nationalist Indian Congress Party, and in particular the leader [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].<ref>Weigold, Auriol, Churchill, Roosevelt and India: Propaganda During World War II, Routledge, 2008, p.2</ref> The India League of America also published some broadsheets in 1942, with titles such as “India: Her position in a changing world,” “Storm over India,” and “Can Indians get together?” These publications did not significantly impact American public opinion. A full-page advertisement sponsored by the India League and placed in the Washington Post on May 19, 1943 stressed that “The Time For Mediation is NOW” and listed the names of influential Americans who supported Indian independence, and provided reasons for why it was important.

The India League also held events, including rallies in [[New York City|New York]], [[Boston]] and [[Washington, D.C.]]

The pro-India movement also disseminated its ideas in various publications, primarily in the magazine, [[Voice of India]], and through articles written by sympathetic journalists and academics.

==See also==
*[[India in World War II]]
*[[British propaganda during World War II]]
*[[Japanese propaganda during World War II]]
*[[Indian National Army]]
*[[Subhas Chandra Bose]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Propaganda in India|WWII]]
[[Category:Military history of India during World War II]]
[[Category:World War II propaganda]]
[[Category:India in World War II]]

Srirangam marriage hall fire

2025-12-16T14:10:40Z

KellyePoindexter: stub!

{{Short description|2004 fire in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox news event
| title = 2004 Srirangam Marriage hall fire
| image =
| image_name =
| image_size =
| caption =
| date = {{Start date|2004|01|23|df=y}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Chronology of major fire accidents|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2531606241.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610085953/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2531606241.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 June 2014|work=Hindustan Times|location=New Delhi|date=9 December 2011|accessdate=30 November 2013}}</ref>
| time =
| place = [[Srirangam]], Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10|51|18|N|78|41|29|E|type:event_region:IN-04|display=inline,title}}
| also known as =
| cause =
| participants =
| outcome =
| reported injuries = 33
| reported death(s) = 64
| reported missing =
| reported property damage =
| burial =
| inquiries =
| inquest =
| coroner =
| suspects =
| charges =
| verdict =
| convictions =
| litigation =
}}
The '''2004 Srirangam marriage hall fire''' was a fire that happened on 23 January 2004 during a [[Hindu wedding]] at Padmapriya Marriage Hall in [[Srirangam]], a town in the [[South India|South Indian]] state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. A day after the accident, there were 42 victims, but a total of 64 people, including the groom, were killed overall and 33 others were injured in the fire. The reason for the fire was found out to be a short circuit in the electric wire connecting a video camera, which lit up the temporary thatched roof set up in the first level of the hall.

The fire is counted as one of four major blazes in the state, along with the [[Erwadi fire incident]] on 6 August 2001 that killed 30 mentally challenged people, the [[Brihadeeswarar Temple fire]] on 7 June 1997 in which 48 people were killed and the [[2004 Kumbakonam School fire]] that killed 94 school children. Chief Minister [[J. Jayalalithaa]] announced a cash relief of {{INRConvert|50000|lk=on|year=2004}} to the families of the deceased from the Chief Minister's Relief Fund, {{INRConvert|15000|year=2004}} to people with heavy injuries and {{INRConvert|6000|year=2004}} to those with minor injuries.

The case was fought in the Principal District Court of Tiruchirapalli. On 14 June 2012, the judge sentenced Ramasamy (65), owner of the wedding hall, to two years [[rigorous imprisonment]] and ordered to pay a compensation of {{INR}}50,000 each to the dependents of the victims and {{INRConvert|10000|year=2004}} each to those injured in the accident. Selvam, the thatch roof contractor, one of the six accused, died before the judgement. Dharmaraj, the videographer was sentenced to one year rigorous imprisonment, Sadagopan, the hall manager, to one year imprisonment and Murugesan, the electrician, to six months imprisonment. The sentence of photographer Dharmaraj was reduced to 6 months by [[Madras High Court]] on 10 June 2020 which also ordered disbursement of {{INRConvert|40|l|lk=l|year=2020}} to the victims.

==Fire==
The day of the marriage, 23 January 2004, was a Friday, which was considered auspicious as per Hindu custom. The marriage was celebrated in Padmapriya Marriage Hall, located in EV Srinivasachari Road in [[Srirangam]]. The groom, Gururajan (40), was an employee of an insurance company and the bride Jayasri Ramanathan, was a school teacher. Since the crowd was large, the venue of the marriage was shifted to a makeshift open area on the first level of the hall that had a thatched roof.<ref name="AP">{{cite news|title=India Wedding Hall Fire Kills 45 People|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-89766800.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610090013/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-89766800.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 June 2014|work=AP Online|last=K.N.|first=Arun|date=24 January 2004|location=Madras, India}}</ref>

The fire spread at around 9:15 in the morning quickly to the makeshift stage, thatched roof, plastic chairs and clothing material, killing 30 people on the spot. The thatched roof fell on the visitors and the smoke engulfed in the hall masked the exit routes. It was reported that the victims fell over a handicapped person who was trying to escape. Fire personnel from Srirangam and [[Tiruchirappalli]] tried to doze off the fire, along with the support of locals.<ref name="AP" />

The injured people were admitted in the Srirangam Government Hospital and KAP Viswananathan Hospital in Tiruchirappalli. A total of 57 people were killed in the fire and 50 others were injured. The reason of the fire, based on the account of initial eyewitnesses was found out to be a short circuit initiated by a video camera which lit up the temporary thatched low roof set up on the first level of the hall. The people killed included the bridegroom Gururajan (40), 20 women and four children, three of whom were girls under the age of 10. The bride Jayasri (32) sustained brutal injuries. After the fire, burnt flesh, utensils and belongings of the visitors laid all over the place. The rescue operations were overseen by the then Collector of Tiruchirapalli, K. Manivasan, the Inspector-General of Police, S. George, the range DIG and City Police Commissioner, Sunil Kumar Singh.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news|title=49 perish in fire at wedding in Srirangam|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/24/stories/2004012409070100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040130210539/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/24/stories/2004012409070100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 January 2004|last=S.|first=Ganesan|date=24 June 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=30 November 2013}}</ref> Most of the victims killed on the spot were the colleagues of the groom.<ref name="AP" />

==Enquiry==
The initial investigation by police found the possible reason for the fire to be a short circuit of the wire connecting the videographer's equipment. The Inspector-General of Police, Central Zone, S. George, informed the media that the low-hanging decorative material probably caught fire owing to the intense heat generated by the video flashgun. He pointed out that temporary power lines to the unauthorised makeshift thatch were the major reasons of the fire.<ref name="front" /> The building, constructed as a residential building, was illegally converted into a hall.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandar |first=B. Tilak |date=2020-06-08 |title=Srirangam marriage hall fire: HC upholds conviction of owner, manager |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/srirangam-marriage-hall-fire-hc-upholds-conviction-of-owner-manager-madurai/article31781193.ece |access-date=2025-08-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The police recovered the videocassette from the videographer who recorded the marriage. There were four arrests that included the hall manager S. Sadagopan, video light boy R. Balaji, electrician K. Murugesan, and thatch contractor M. Selvam. They were booked under Section 304A of the [[Indian Penal Code]] (IPC) on [[criminal negligence]]. The enquiry was headed by an officer of the rank of Additional Superintendent of Police.<ref name="front">{{cite journal|title=Fire at a wedding|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2103/stories/20040213007513400.htm|last=S.|first=Ganesan|location=Tiruchi|journal=Frontline|volume=21|issue=3|date=31 January – 13 February 2004|accessdate=30 November 2013}}</ref> The investigations also revealed that the stampede was on account of the narrow staircase that was just {{convert|2.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide and served as the only passage.<ref>[[#Chaturvedi|Chaturvedi]], p. 448</ref>

The case was fought in the Principal District Court of Tiruchirapalli. On 14 June 2012, the judge sentenced Ramasamy (65), the owner of the wedding hall to two years rigorous imprisonment. He was also ordered to pay a compensation of {{INRConvert|50000|lk=on|year=2004}} each to the dependants of the victims and {{INRConvert|10000|year=2004}} each to those injured in the fire. Selvam, the thatch roof contractor, one of the six accused, died before the judgement. Dharmaraj, the videographer, was sentenced to one year [[rigorous imprisonment]], Sadagopan to one year imprisonment and Murugesan to six months imprisonment.<ref name="HT">{{cite news|title=TN: Killer marriage hall owner gets 2-year RI|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article542282.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131223030323/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article542282.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 December 2013|newspaper=The New Indian Express|location=Trichy|date=14 June 2012|accessdate=30 November 2013}}</ref>

Dharmaraj, Ramaswamy, Sadagopan and Murugesan challenged the order of the [[Sessions Court|sessions court]] in the High Court bench at Madurai which upheld the punishment of all leaving Dharmaraj, whose sentence was reduced to 6 month imprisonment on 10 June 2020 which also ordered disbursement of {{INRConvert|40|l|lk=l|year=2020}} to the victims.<ref name="new" />

==Aftermath==
The funeral of the 42 killed in the fire was performed on 24 January 2004 on the banks of river [[Kaveri]]. Fourteen families attended the funeral. The ghat, which had a capacity to accommodate three funerals at a time, was expanded to have more funerals at the same time. The bride, Jayashri suffered depression on account of the event.<ref>{{cite news|title=42 funerals follow Friday's wedding hall fire|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/jan/24fire.htm|work=PTI|publisher=Rediff|date=24 January 2004|accessdate=30 November 2013}}</ref>

The fire is counted as one of four major blazes in the state, along with the [[Erwadi fire incident]] on 6 August 2001 that killed 30 mentally challenged people, [[Brihadeeswarar Temple fire]] on 7 June 1997 in which 48 people were killed and [[2004 Kumbakonam School fire]] that killed 94 school children.<ref name="Teets103">[[#Teets|Teets 2007]], p. 103-4</ref> The Director of Fire and Rescue Service indicated that the department would conduct minimum safety standard check on all marriage halls in the state. Chief Minister [[Jayalalithaa]] announced a cash relief of {{INR}}50,000 each to the families of the deceased from the Chief Minister's Relief Fund, {{INRConvert|40|l|lk=l|year=2020}} to people with heavy injuries and {{INRConvert|6000|year=2004}} to those with minor injuries.<ref name="front" />

==Timeline==
* 23 January 2004 - Fire accident in a marriage hall in Srirangam where 42 were killed.
* 24 January 2004 - Funeral performed for all 42 killed in the accident in the banks of river [[Kaveri]].
* 14 June 2012 - Ramasamy (65), the owner of the wedding hall to two years rigorous imprisonment. He was also ordered to pay a compensation of {{INR}}50,000 each to the dependants of the victims and {{INR}}10,000 each to those injured in the accident. Selvam, the thatch roof contractor, one of the six accused, died before the judgement. Dharmaraj, the videographer, was sentenced to one year rigorous imprisonment, Sadagopan to one year imprisonment and Murugesan to six months imprisonment.
* 10 June 2020 - A bench of Madras High Court in Madurai upholds the sentence of three and reduces the sentence of the photographer.<ref name=new>{{cite news|title=Srirangam marriage hall fire: HC upholds conviction of three, acquits one|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/jun/10/srirangam-marriage-hall-fire-hc-upholds-conviction-of-three-acquits-one-2154726.html|date=20 June 2020|accessdate=31 October 2020}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[2023 Qaraqosh wedding fire]]

==References==

=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|title=Managing Safety: Challenges Ahead (2 Vols. Set), Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kSx0ad8haGMC&q=srirangam+fire+accident&pg=PA448|last=Chaturvedi|first=Pradeep |ref=Chaturvedi|year=2005|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=9788180692307}}
* {{cite book|title=All You Wanted To Know About Disasters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GwGlBIJyNoIC&q=kumbakonam+school+fire&pg=PA189|last=B.K.|first=Khanna|publisher=New India Publishing|isbn=9788189422134|year=2005|ref=B.K.}}
* {{cite book|title=Profitable Management for the Subcontractor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDImGr74HIIC&q=kumbakonam+school+fire&pg=PA103|last=Teets|first=Robert L. |publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=9780070633872|year=2007|location=New Delhi|ref=Teets}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:2004 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2000s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Disasters in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2004 fires in Asia]]
[[Category:History of Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Crime in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Commercial building fires in India]]
[[Category:Building and structure collapses in India]]
[[Category:Building and structure collapses caused by fire]]
[[Category:January 2004 in India]]
[[Category:Wedding disasters]]
[[Category:Building and structure collapses in 2004]]

India at the 2022 World Games

2025-12-02T01:21:21Z

KellyePoindexter: stub

{{Infobox country at games
| NOC = IND
| NPC =
| IAAF =
| CGA =
| NF =
| country = India
| year = 2022
| games = World Games
| games_link =
| flag =
| flagcaption =
| alt =
| oldcode =
| NOCname = [[Indian Olympic Association]]
| NPCname =
| CGAname =
| NFname =
| fedname =
| website =
| location = [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]], United States
| start_date = {{Start date|2022|7|7|df=y}}
| end_date = {{End date|2022|7|17|df=y}}
| date =
| competitors = 10
| competitors_men = 5
| competitors_women = 5
| sports = 5
| events =
| flagbearer =
| flagbearer_open =
| flagbearer_close =
| coaches =
| officials =
| rank = 70
| gold = 0
| silver = 0
| bronze = 1
| appearances =
| app_begin_year =
| app_interval =
| summerappearances =
| winterappearances =
| youthappearances =
| seealso =
| previous =
| next =
}}
'''India''' competed at the '''[[2022 World Games]]''' held in [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]], United States from 7 to 17 July 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theworldgames.org/editions/Birmingham-USA-2022-13/qualifications/by-country|title=Qualifications for TWG 2022, Birmingham (USA)|access-date=26 March 2022|website=International World Games Association}}</ref> Athletes representing India won one bronze medal and the country finished in 70th place in the medal table.

==Medalists==
{{further|2022 World Games#Medal table|List of 2022 World Games medal winners}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! Medal
! Name
! Sport
! Event
! Date
|-
| {{bronze medal}} || [[Jyothi Surekha Vennam]] [[Abhishek Verma (archer)|Abhishek Verma]] || [[Archery at the 2022 World Games|Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2022 World Games – Mixed team compound|Mixed team compound]] || {{dts|9 July}}
|}

==Competitors ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! width=180|Sport<ref>{{Cite web |title=TWG 2022 Qualified Athletes & Teams |url=https://twg2022.com/qualified-athletes-teams/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=The World Games 2022 {{!}} Birmingham, USA |language=en-US}}</ref>
! width=55|Men
! width=55|Women
! width=55|Total
! width=55|Events
|-
|[[Archery at the 2022 World Games|Archery]]
|2
|2
|4
|3
|-
|[[Cue sports at the 2022 World Games|Cue sports]]
|1
|1
|2
|2
|-
|[[Road speed skating at the 2022 World Games|Road speed skating]]
| rowspan="2" |1
| rowspan="2" |2
| rowspan="2" |3
|2
|-
|[[Track speed skating at the 2022 World Games|Track speed Skating]]
|4
|-
|[[Wushu at the 2022 World Games|Wushu]]
|1
|0
|1
|1
|-
! Total || 5 || 5 || 10 || 12
|}

==Archery==
{{Main|Archery at the 2022 World Games}}

India competed in archery.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 July 2022 |title=World Games 2022: Jyothi Surekha Vennam-Abhishek Verma bag India's first archery medal in event |work=Scroll.in |url=https://scroll.in/field/1027960/world-games-2022-jyothi-surekha-vennam-abhishek-verma-bag-indias-first-archery-medal-in-event |access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="archery_results_book_world_games_2022">{{Cite web |title=Archery Results Book |url=https://swog2022.sportresult.com/hide/en/Pdf/GetResultbookPdf?filename=Archery.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715232555/https://swog2022.sportresult.com/hide/en/Pdf/GetResultbookPdf?filename=Archery.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=2022 World Games}}</ref>

;Men
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan="2"|Ranking round
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Score
!Seed
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Abhishek Verma (archer)|Abhishek Verma]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Archery at the 2022 World Games – Men's compound individual|Men's compound]]
|707
|9
|{{flagicon|USA}}[[Ben Thompson (archer)|Thompson]] '''W'''148-140
|{{flagicon|EST}}[[Robin Jäätma|Jäätma]] '''W'''149-148
|{{flagicon|NED}}[[Mike Schloesser|Schloesser]] '''W'''10+148-14810
|{{flagicon|FRA}}[[Jean Philippe Boulch|Boulch]] '''L'''141-143
|{{flagicon|CAN}}[[Christopher Perkins (archer)|Perkins]] '''L'''145-148
|4
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Aman Saini]]
|695
|20
|{{flagicon|COL}}[[Daniel Muñoz (archer)|Muñoz]] '''W'''147-142
|{{flagicon|FRA}}[[Jean Philippe Boulch|Boulch]] '''L'''145-148
|Colspan=3|did not advance
|
|}

;Women
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan="2"|Ranking round
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Score
!Seed
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Jyoti Vennam]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Archery at the 2022 World Games – Women's compound individual|Women's compound]]
|702
|6
|{{n/a|Bye}}
|{{flagicon|ESA}}[[Paiz]] '''W'''149-143
|{{flagicon|SLO}}[[Toja Ellison|Ellison]] '''L'''148-149
|Colspan=2|did not advance
|
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Muskan Kirar]]
|700
|7
|{{n/a|Bye}}
|{{flagicon|PUR}}[[Ramípez]] '''W'''146-145
|{{flagicon|COL}}[[Sara López|López]] '''L'''143-148
|Colspan=2|did not advance
|
|}

;Mixed team
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan="2"|Ranking round
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Score
!Seed
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Jyoti Vennam]] [[Abhishek Verma (archer)|Abhishek Verma]]
|align=left|[[Archery at the 2022 World Games – Mixed team compound|Mixed team compound]]
|1409
|1
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagicon|NZL}}[[New Zealand]] '''W'''156-155
|{{flagicon|COL}}[[Colombia]] '''L'''157-159
|{{flagicon|MEX}}[[Mexico]] '''W'''157-156
|{{bronze3}}
|}

==Cue sports==
{{Main|Cue sports at the 2022 World Games}}

India competed in cue sports.<ref name="billiard_sports_results_book_world_games_2022">{{Cite web |title=Billiard Sports Results Book |url=https://swog2022.sportresult.com/hide/en/Pdf/GetResultbookPdf?filename=Billiard+Sports.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718062404/https://swog2022.sportresult.com/hide/en/Pdf/GetResultbookPdf?filename=Billiard+Sports.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2022 |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=2022 World Games}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
|-
|[[Pankaj Advani (billiards player)|Pankaj Advani]]
|[[Men's Snooker]]
|{{flagicon|UK}}[[Darren Morgan]] '''L'''1-3
|Colspan=3|did not advance
|-
|[[Chitra Magimairajan]]
|[[women's 9-ball pool]]
|{{flagicon|UK}}[[Kelly Fisher]] '''L'''3-9
|colspan=3|did not advance
|}

==Road speed skating==
{{Main|Road speed skating at the 2022 World Games}}

India competed in road speed skating.<ref name="road_speed_skating_results_book_world_games_2022">{{Cite web |title=Road Speed Skating Results Book |url=https://swog2022.sportresult.com/hide/en/Pdf/GetResultbookPdf?filename=Speed+Skating+Road.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712163741/https://swog2022.sportresult.com/hide/en/Pdf/GetResultbookPdf?filename=Speed+Skating+Road.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2022 |access-date=12 July 2022 |website=2022 World Games}}</ref>

==Track speed skating==
{{Main|Track speed skating at the 2022 World Games}}

India competed in track speed skating.<ref name="track_speed_skating_results_book_world_games_2022">{{Cite web |title=Track Speed Skating Results Book |url=https://swog2022.sportresult.com/hide/en/Pdf/GetResultbookPdf?filename=Speed+Skating+Track.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712150524/https://swog2022.sportresult.com/hide/en/Pdf/GetResultbookPdf?filename=Speed+Skating+Track.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2022 |access-date=12 July 2022 |website=2022 World Games}}</ref>

==Wushu==
{{Main|Wushu at the 2022 World Games}}

India competed in wushu.<ref name="wushu_results_book_world_games_2022">{{Cite web |title=Wushu Results Book |url=https://swog2022.sportresult.com/hide/en/Pdf/GetResultbookPdf?filename=Wushu.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714074749/https://swog2022.sportresult.com/hide/en/Pdf/GetResultbookPdf?filename=Wushu.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=2022 World Games}}</ref>

{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Apparatus 1
!colspan=2|Apparatus 2
!colspan=2|Total
|-style=font-size:95%
!Score
!Rank
!Score
!Rank
!Score
!Rank
|-
|[[Brahmna Sanma]]
|[[Men's taijiquan&taijijian combined]]
|9.133
|4
|9.047
|4
|18.180
|4
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nations at the 2022 World Games}}

[[Category:Nations at the 2022 World Games]]
[[Category:India at the World Games|2022]]
[[Category:2022 in Indian sport|World Games]]
[[Category:India–United States sports relations|2022]]

Naveen Shankar

2025-10-18T02:39:48Z

KellyePoindexter: adding post

{{Short description|Indian film actor}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Naveen Shankar
| image =
| birth_name = Naveen Shankar
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1988|5|25}}<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/naveen-shankar.html|title= Naveen Shankar|website= filmfare.com|access-date= 15 June 2023|archive-date= 25 May 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230525052359/https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/naveen-shankar.html|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="town"/>
| birth_place = [[Ilkal]], Bagalkot, Karnataka
| alma_mater =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|TV presenter}}
| years_active = 2009–present
| spouse =
}}

'''Naveen Shankar''' (born 25 May 1988) is an Indian actor who has worked predominantly in [[Kannada cinema]].<ref>{{cite news|title='Gultoo can't be found in dictionaries'|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2018/mar/28/gultoo-cant-be-found-in-dictionaries-5246.html|work=Cinema Express|author=A Sharadhaa|date=28 March 2018|access-date=15 June 2023|archive-date=28 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928015237/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2018/mar/28/gultoo-cant-be-found-in-dictionaries-5246.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Naveen made his feature film debut with ''[[Gultoo]]'' in 2018.<ref name="debut"/> He is known for his performance in ''[[Hondisi Bareyiri]]'', ''[[Gurudev Hoysala]]'' and ''[[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://kannada.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/sandalwood-actor-naveen-shankar-new-movie-latest-updates-rvj-dvp-1139860.html|title= Naveen Shankar: ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ ಚಿತ್ರದ ಬಲಿ ಬರ್ತ್ ಡೇ! ನವೀನ್‌ಗೆ ಸ್ಪೆಷಲ್ ಗಿಫ್ಟ್‌|work= News18 Kannada|access-date= 15 June 2023|archive-date= 1 June 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230601232323/https://kannada.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/sandalwood-actor-naveen-shankar-new-movie-latest-updates-rvj-dvp-1139860.html|url-status= live}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Naveen Shankar was born on 25 May 1988 in [[Ilkal]], Bagalkot, Karnataka.<ref name="town">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/not-many-know-that-i-am-a-north-karnataka-boy-naveen-shankar/articleshow/86612978.cms|title=Not many know that I am a North Karnataka boy: Naveen Shankar|access-date=2023-06-15|website=Times of India|archive-date=20 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820220923/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/not-many-know-that-i-am-a-north-karnataka-boy-naveen-shankar/articleshow/86612978.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==
Shankar began working as a [[Entertainment journalism|film journalist]] for a local news channel after dropping out from engineering studies in 2009.{{Failed verification|reason=the source that supports this paragraph does not mention Shankar dropping out|date=July 2023}} In 2012 he joined the [[Udaya Music|U2 Music]] channel as an anchor. Around this time, he began acting in theatre, performing in more than 45 plays and approximately 200 street performances, while working for various theatre production houses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kannada.filmibeat.com/celebs/naveen-shankar/biography.html|title=ನವೀನ ಶಂಕರ್ ಜೀವನಚರಿತ್ರೆ|website=Filmibeat kannada|access-date=2 July 2023|archive-date=2 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702183048/https://kannada.filmibeat.com/celebs/naveen-shankar/biography.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018 Shankar made his acting debut in [[Janardhan Chikkanna]]'s cybercrime thriller ''[[Gultoo]]''.<ref name="debut"/> The movie opened to positive reviews and Naveen's acting performance was praised.

He then took his time to sign his next film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vaashi |first=Kairam |date=2023-02-11 |title=Hondisi Bareyiri Actors Naveen and Aishani On Their Gap Years In Cinema |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/kannada-interview/hondisi-bareyiri-ramenahalli-jagannatha-actors-naveen-and-aishani-on-their-gap-years-in-cinema |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref> Finally, Shankar was cast as lead actor for the role of an [[MMA]] boxer in the crime drama film ''[[Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage (2022 film)|Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Naveen Shankar, Aishani Shetty's film titled Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/sep/06/naveen-shankar-aishani-shettys-film-titled-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-14128.html|publisher=News Indian Express|access-date=6 September 2019|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212214255/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/sep/06/naveen-shankar-aishani-shettys-film-titled-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-14128.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film's title is inspired from the folk song "Punyakoti".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sridhar-shikaripuras-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-highlight-to-be-the-hyperlink-screenplay/articleshow/95850931.cms|title=Sridhar Shikaripura's 'Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage' highlight to be the hyperlink screenplay|date=29 November 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2 July 2023|archive-date=29 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629135009/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sridhar-shikaripuras-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-highlight-to-be-the-hyperlink-screenplay/articleshow/95850931.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was launched in 2019 but completed shooting in 2021 after long delays and released in November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/naveen-shankar-aishani-shetty-complete-shooting-for-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage/articleshow/81686691.cms|title=Naveen Shankar, Aishani Shetty complete shooting for Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage|date=25 March 2021|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2 July 2023|archive-date=29 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629135011/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/naveen-shankar-aishani-shetty-complete-shooting-for-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage/articleshow/81686691.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Naveen Shankar, Aishani Shetty starrer crime-drama Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage gets a release date |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/naveen-shankar-aishani-shetty-starrer-crime-drama-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-gets-a-release-date/237116cfb6763 |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=OTT Play |language=en |archive-date=25 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125084812/https://www.ottplay.com/news/naveen-shankar-aishani-shetty-starrer-crime-drama-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-gets-a-release-date/237116cfb6763 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film opened to positive to mixed reviews, however his acting was praised. In 2023, he had four films starting with ''[[Hondisi Bareyiri]]'' which opened to positive reviews, Shankar received praise from critics and audience for his role.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hondisi Bareyiri Movie Review : A simple, slice-of-life college caper |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/hondisi-bareyiri/movie-review/97797371.cms |access-date=2024-04-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He was then seen playing antagonist role in the movie ''[[Gurudev Hoysala]]''. His performance was once again appreciated along with the film, but the film ended as an average farer at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Shashiprasad S. |date=2023-03-31 |title=Gurudev Hoysala review: The popular rugged cop is back with Daali and Naveen Shankar's top-class performances |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/gurudev-hoysala-movie-review/ |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=The South First |language=en |archive-date=26 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426175127/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/gurudev-hoysala-movie-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=After Gurudev Hoysala success, Naveen Shankar to close 2023 with two new releases |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/after-gurudev-hoysala-success-naveen-shankar-to-close-2023-with-two-new-releases/67f6e6612b113 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> His net was ''[[Kshetrapati (2023 film)|Kshetrapathi]]'' alongside [[Archana Jois]] directed by Debutant Srikanth where he portrayed a young Graduate fighting the system, though the film received mixed reviews, his performance was once again appreciated. He then ended his year with the [[Prashanth Neel|Prashant Neel]] directorial [[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire|Salaar]] which also marked his Telugu debut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salaar Shouryanga Parvam – Important bit players to look forward to in Prashanth Neel's sequel |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/salaar-shouryanga-parvam-important-bit-players-to-look-forward-to-in-prashanth-neels-sequel/10f193d03f528 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=26 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126144014/https://www.ottplay.com/news/salaar-shouryanga-parvam-important-bit-players-to-look-forward-to-in-prashanth-neels-sequel/10f193d03f528 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In June 2023 [[KRG Studios]] announced ''Kirket 11'' with Naveen and [[Danish Sait]]. Directed by Suman Kumar, who co-wrote ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]'' and ''[[Farzi]]''.<ref name="NvDs">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/danish-sait-naveen-shankar-to-star-in-kiriket-11/article67008337.ece|title=Danish Sait, Naveen Shankar to star in 'Kiriket 11'|date=25 June 2023|website=The Hindu|access-date=2 July 2023|archive-date=2 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702181857/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/danish-sait-naveen-shankar-to-star-in-kiriket-11/article67008337.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{pending films key}}

* ''All films are in Kannada language, unless otherwise noted''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes !!Ref.
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Rambo (2012 film)|Rambo]]'' || Henchman || Uncredited
|
|-
|2018 ||''[[Gultoo]]''
|Alok || Lead debut||<ref name="debut">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/mar/27/gultoo-cant-be-found-in-dictionaries-debutant-naveen-shankar-1793400.html|title=Gultoo can't be found in dictionaries: Debutant Naveen Shankar|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2018-05-21}}</ref>
|-
|2022 ||''[[Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage (2022 film)|Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage]]''
|Aadhi || [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Kannada]]||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=Teaser of Naveen Shankar, Aishani Shetty-Starrer Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage Out |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/teaser-of-naveen-shankar-aishani-shetty-starrer-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-out-5388703.html |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212092930/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/teaser-of-naveen-shankar-aishani-shetty-starrer-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-out-5388703.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2023
|''[[Hondisi Bareyiri]]''
|Ranjit || ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/portraying-ranjith-had-a-positive-influence-on-me-naveen-shankar/articleshow/97703414.cms|title=Portraying Ranjith had a positive influence on me: Naveen Shankar|access-date=2023-04-29|website=Times of India|archive-date=23 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323123431/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/portraying-ranjith-had-a-positive-influence-on-me-naveen-shankar/articleshow/97703414.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Gurudev Hoysala]]''
|Bali || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/mar/25/the-makers-wanted-a-performer-to-play-the-villain-2559221.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325052057/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/mar/25/the-makers-wanted-a-performer-to-play-the-villain-2559221.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 March 2023|title='The makers wanted a performer to play the villain'|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kshetrapati (2023 film)|Kshetrapati]]''
|Basavaraj Hadimani|| ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=M.V. |first1=Vivek |title=‘Kshetrapathi’ movie review: A loud and melodramatic look at farmers’ issues |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kshetrapathi-movie-review-a-loud-and-melodramatic-look-at-farmers-issues/article67209135.ece |access-date=31 March 2024 |publisher=The Hindu |date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=5 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905143430/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kshetrapathi-movie-review-a-loud-and-melodramatic-look-at-farmers-issues/article67209135.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire]]''
|Pandith
|Telugu film
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2025
|''[[Nodidavaru Enanthare]]''
|Siddharth
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='ನೋಡಿದವರು ಏನಂತಾರೆ' ಎಂದು ಕೇಳುತ್ತಲೇ ಹೊಸ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಶುರು ಮಾಡಿದ 'ಗುಳ್ಟು' ನವೀನ್! |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/gultoo-fame-naveen-shankar-talks-about-nodidavaru-enantare-movie/articleshow/79112830.cms |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kshetrapati OTT release date – When and where to watch Naveen Shankar’s agrarian crisis film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kshetrapati-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-naveen-shankars-agrarian-crisis-film/b3233e13a577 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=26 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126144007/https://www.ottplay.com/news/kshetrapati-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-naveen-shankars-agrarian-crisis-film/b3233e13a577 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Kiriket 11†''
|{{TBA}} ||Pre Production ||<ref name="NvDs" />
|-
|''Moolathaha Nammavare†''
|{{TBA}} ||Completed ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/dec/17/naveen-shankarsnext-titled-moolathaha-nammavare-2528900.html |title=Naveen Shankar's next titled 'Moolathaha Nammavare'|website= Indian Express|access-date =15 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=9329452|name=Naveen Shankar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shankar, Naveen}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:People from Bagalkot district]]
[[Category:Kannada male actors]]
[[Category:Actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actors in Telugu cinema]]

Asad Madani

2025-10-14T02:58:51Z

KellyePoindexter: improved article

{{Short description|Indian Muslim scholar and politician (1928 – 2006)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Maulana]]
| name = As’ad Madani
| image = Asad Madani.jpg
| caption =
| title =
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start = 3 April 1974
| term_end = 2 April 1980
| constituency1 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start1 = 5 July 1980
| term_end1 = 5 July 1986
| constituency2 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start2 = 3 July 1988
| term_end2 = 2 July 1994
| office3 = 7th President of [[Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]]
| term_start3 = 11 August 1973
| term_end3 = 6 February 2006
| predecessor3 = [[Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad]]
| successor3 = {{bulleted list|[[Arshad Madani]] (A group) | [[Usman Mansoorpuri]] (M group)}}
| office4 = 6th General Secretary of [[Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]]
| term_start4 = 9 August 1963
| term_end4 = 10 August 1973
| predecessor4 = [[Muhammad Miyan Deobandi]]
| successor4 = [[Syed Ahmad Hashmi]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1928|4|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Moradabad district|Moradabad]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2006|02|06|1928|04|27|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Apollo Hospital]], Delhi, India
| death_cause =
| resting_place = [[Mazar-e-Qasmi]], Deoband, Uttar Pradesh, India
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| citizenship = {{Flag|British India|name=British Indian}} (1928-1947) {{Flag|India|name=Indian}} (1947-2006)
| children = [[Mahmood Madani]]
| father = [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]]
| relatives = Brothers: [[Arshad Madani]], [[Asjad Madani]]
| profession = Politician, [[islamic scholar]]
| alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| module = {{Infobox religious biography
|embed = yes
| religion = Islam
|denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
|movement = [[Deobandi]]
|influenced = [[Farid Uddin Masood]]
|disciples = [[Ishaq Faridi]]
}}
| awards = [[Awards and decorations of the Bangladesh Liberation War#Bangladesh|Friends of Liberation War Honour]]
}}
'''As’ad Madani''' (27 April 1928 – 6 February 2006) was an Indian Deobandi [[Islamic scholar]] and a [[politician]], who served as the sixth general secretary and the seventh President of the [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind]]. He was a member of the executive body of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. He was a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]], upper house of the [[Parliament of India]] representing [[Uttar Pradesh]] for three terms as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].

==Early life and education==
Asad Madni was born in 1928 to [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]] in [[Moradabad district|Moradabad]] at his maternal uncle's home. He was raised in Madani Manzil in [[Deoband]].<ref name=bd>{{citation|title=জীবনী|language=bn|chapter=ফেদায়ে মিল্লাত সায়্যিদ আসআদ মাদানী (র:)|author=Muhammad Ruhul Amin Nagori|publisher=As Siraz}}</ref> He graduated from Darul Uloom Deoband in 1945.<ref name="rajya">{{cite web |title=RAJYA SABHA MEMBERS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1952 - 2003 |url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/m.pdf |website=Rajya Sabha (Indian parliament) website|publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] |accessdate=11 March 2020}}</ref> He then stayed in [[Madinah]] for a few years before returning as teacher at Darul Uloom Deoband for 12 years.

==Career==
In 1960, he was appointed as the president of the [[Uttar Pradesh]] circle of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind and on 9 August 1963, he was appointed as the general secretary of the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind. He became the president of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind on 11 August 1973.<ref name="pasemargezindah">{{cite book |title=Pase Marge Zindah|author=Nur Alam Khalil Amini|author-link=Nur Alam Khalil Amini|publisher=Deoband: Idara Ilm-o-Adab|language=Urdu|page=764}}</ref>
He was president of [[Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]] for 32 years.<ref name=indiankanoon149461836>{{cite web |title=Jamiat Ulama-I-Hind & Anr. vs Maulana Mahmood Asad Madni & Anr. on 25 August, 2008 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/149461836/ |website=IndianKanoon |accessdate=11 March 2020}}</ref> He was a member of the upper house of the Indian parliament from 1968 to 1974, 1980 to 1986 and 1988 to 1994.<ref name="rajya" />

==Death and legacy==
[[File:Manmohan Singh, releasing a collection of Parliamentary speeches of Maulana Syed Asad Madani, at the Fida-e-Millat Seminar on "Hazarat Maulana Syed Asad Madani Life and Contribution", in New Delhi on April 23, 2007.jpg|thumb|Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] releasing the parliamentary speeches of Asad Madni]]
[[File:The Inscription on the grave of Fidā e Millat Maulana Sayed As‘ad Madani.jpg|thumb|Inscription on the grave of As‘ad Madani]]
On 6 February 2006, Madani died in [[Delhi]], India.<ref name="deoband">{{cite web | url=http://www.deoband.net/1/post/2006/02/hadhrat-maulana-sayed-asad-madani-1926-2006.html | title=Profile of Maulana Sayed Asad Madani: 1928-2006 | website=Deoband.org website | date=2 October 2006 | accessdate=11 March 2020 | author=Qasmi, Obaidullah | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203010838/http://www.deoband.net/1/post/2006/02/hadhrat-maulana-sayed-asad-madani-1926-2006.html | archive-date=3 December 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
He is survived by his son, [[Mahmood Madani]], who is the current president of [[Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]] (M).<ref name=20060403hindustantimes>{{cite web |title=Jamiat party heads for a split |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/jamiat-party-heads-for-a-split/story-s3khwgi1inUTifDd8RRn1K.html |website=Hindustan Times (newspaper)|author=M. Hasan|date=3 April 2006|accessdate=11 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="millattimes">{{cite news|last=Siddiqui|first=Zafar|date=18 September 2021|title=سبھی ریاستی جمعیتوں کی متفقہ تجویز پر مولانا محمود مدنی اگلے ٹرم کے لئے صدر منتخب جمعیۃ علماء ہند طالبان کی نئی حکومت سے حقوق انسانی کے احترام اور بھارت سے خوشگوار تعلقات کے خواہاں|language=ur|trans-title=Mahmood Madani appointed president of JuH's Mahmood faction|work=Millat Times|url=https://urdu.millattimes.com/archives/75115|access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref>

An international seminar was organized in his memory in New Delhi on 23 and 24 April 2007. Madani's parliamentary speeches were released by the former Prime Minister of India [[Manmohan Singh]] in the same seminar.<ref name="pmo">{{cite web |title=PM releases book on parliamentary speeches of Maulana Syed Asad Madani |url=https://archivepmo.nic.in/drmanmohansingh/speech-details.php?nodeid=508 |website=ArchivePmo.nic.in |accessdate=11 March 2020}}</ref>

He is a very popular figure in the neighbouring country of [[Bangladesh]] which he frequently used to visit. He first visited eastern Bengal in 1933, and since 1973 he used to go there nearly every year. During the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] of 1971, Madni strongly protested against the brutal torture of the [[Pakistan Army]] and its allied forces, and distributed adequate aid to the memorial camps. He projected his views to stop the torture of innocent Bengalis and marched in the streets of [[Delhi]] with more than fifty thousand Indian Muslims in favour of Bangladesh. His last visit to the country was on 2 April 2005 when he was an honorary guest at the National Conference of [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh]] at [[Paltan]] Maidan, [[Dhaka]].<ref name=bd/>
==See more==
* [[List of Deobandis]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Salman Mansoorpuri |title=Tazkirah Fidā-e-Millat |date=May 2012 |publisher=Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind |location=New Delhi |url=https://archive.org/details/Tazkira-Fida-i-Millat |access-date=12 July 2021}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madni, Asad}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:People from Deoband]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Presidents of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]]
[[Category:Disciples of Hussain Ahmad Madani]]
[[Category:Members of the Majlis-e-Shura of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Burials at Qasmi Cemetery]]

Dharampura Haveli

2025-10-05T18:04:26Z

KellyePoindexter: expanded content

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = Haveli Dharampura
| native_name =
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| locmapin = India Delhi#India#Asia#Earth
| map_relief =
| map_width =
| map_caption = Haveli in [[old Delhi]]
| map_dot_mark =
| coordinates = {{coord|28.6533046|N|77.2322728|E|type:landmark_source:enwiki|display=title}}
| gbgridref =
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| built = 1887 CE
| built_for = Muslim residents
| original_use = [[Haveli]]
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| architect = Kapil Aggarwal
| sculptor =
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| owner = [[Vijay Goel (politician)|Vijay Goel]], BJP leader
| website = {{url|www.havelidharampura.com}}
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'''Haveli Dharampura''', built in 1887 CE and currently owned by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] leader [[Vijay Goel (politician)|Vijay Goel]], is a 19th-century [[haveli]] in [[Chandani Chowk]] area of [[old Delhi]] that as awarded a special mention in [[UNESCO]] Asia-Pacific Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation in 2017.<ref name=dharam1>[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/old-delhis-haveli-dharampura-mumbais-wellington-fountain-get-unesco-recognition-1776934 Old Delhi's Haveli Dharampura, Mumbai's Wellington Fountain Get UNESCO Recognition], NDTV, 17 Nov 2017.</ref><ref name=dharam4/>

==Architecture==
Spread over 500 sq. yards it is built in the architecture of 19th and 20th around a central courtyard it has intricate designs of wood work on the rooftops, sculptures and Hindu goddesses engraved in stone and steel, antique balconies intricate stone brackets, balconies, [[jharoka]], red sandstone brackets, floral decorations, motifs, wooden joist flooring and lime concrete flooring, multi foliated arched gateway and arches, carved sandstone facades, large arched openings with elephants and intricate carvings on the main door, wooden doorways using traditional material including [[lakhori bricks]] and [[lime mortar]].<ref name=bri4>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Haveli-to-speak-of-a-history-lost-in-time/articleshow/50259881.cms "Haveli to speak of a history lost in time."], [[Times of India]], 21 Dec 2015.</ref><ref name=bri6>[https://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/article/pdfs/South%20Shahjahanabad.pdf 5. Havelis of Kucha pati Ram, in South Shahjahanabad], World Monument fund.</ref><ref name=dharam4>[http://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/czs1GdbMSwjglchxEwP7IK/Haveli-Dharampura-and-the-future-of-Indias-past.html Haveli Dharampura and the future of India's past], Livemint, 24 Dec 2016.</ref><ref name=dharam5>[https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel-leisure/article/1941347/haveli-dharampura-boutique-bolthole-heart-old Haveli Dharampura, boutique bolthole in heart of Old Delhi], South China Morning Post, 4 May 2016.</ref><ref name=dharam6/>

This heritage building classified as "category-2 protected building" by the [[Government of Delhi|Delhi government]]'s Department of Archaeology. It was bought and restored by Vijay Goel, a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), and refashioned into a modern 14-rooms 5-star hotel with ancestral haveli look and feel also has a restaurant named lakhouri.<ref name=dharam2>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/old-delhi-haveli-brief/article20554294.ece Old Delhi haveli brief], [[The Hindu]], 18 Nov 2017.</ref><ref name=dharam3>[http://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/a-lavish-7-course-dinner-at-a-haveli-in-old-delhi-built-200-years-ago-1717039 A Lavish 7-Course Dinner at a Haveli in Old Delhi Built 200 Years Ago], NDTV Food, 27 Jun 2017</ref><ref name=dharam6>[http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/haveli-dharampura-brings-in-fine-dining-mughal-style-to-delhi-6-chandni-chowk-old-delhi/ New on the Block: In the heart of Delhi-6, Haveli Dharampura brings in fine-dining, Mughal-style], The Indian Express, 1 Mar 2016.</ref>

==Restoration==
From 2011 to 2016 six year restoration project of this protected heritage building by its current owner, Mr Goel, with no financial or technical support from the government. he resisted the urge to add new rooms or use more affordable modern material. Instead of iron grille, he used more expensive cast iron grille, painted the doors blue as was historically customary for the neighborhood, cleared 1000 truckloads of rubble, brought artists who had worked on restoration of UNESCO heritage listed [[Red Fort]], it was the first haveli to be completely restored in last 100 years. His vision of restoration of other havelis of the neighborhood is based on sustainable heritage conservation methods and sustainable financial commercial use of the havelis while staying true to the original heritage of havelis. He was attracted to this haveli, its chajjas (roofs), pillars, balconies, everything fascinated him.<ref name=restoreDharam1>[http://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/2530-vijay-goel-restores-haveli-original-glory Vijay Goel restores haveli to original glory.], [[The Sunday Guardian]], 9 January 2016.</ref>

{{Quote
|text = ''"You need heart to conserve heritage."''
|author = [[Vijay Goel (politician)|Vijay Goel]], haveli owner and BJP leader
|title =
|source = [[The Sunday Guardian]]<ref name=restoreDharam1/>
}}

== See also ==
* [[Chandni Chowk]]
* [[Chunnamal Haveli]]
* [[Ghalib ki Haveli]]
* [[Nangal_Sirohi#Havelis_and_architecture|Nangal Sirohi havelis]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Delhi landmarks}}

[[Category:Houses in Delhi]]
[[Category:Havelis in India]]
[[Category:Rajput architecture]]

Sumita S. Chakravarty

2025-10-04T04:33:51Z

KellyePoindexter: stub

{{Short description|Indian-American media studies scholar}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Sumita S. Chakravarty
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| notable_ideas =
| education = [[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] in [[Communication studies|Communications]]); [[University of Lucknow]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] in [[English studies|English]]); [[University of Lucknow]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
| occupation = Professor, author
| spouse =
| children =
| subjects = {{Hlist|
| [[Migration studies|Migration]]
| [[Internet culture|Digital culture]]
| [[Globalization]]
| [[Film studies|Cinema]]
| [[Nationalism]]
| [[Mass media|Media history]]
}}
| period =
| Institution =
| website = {{URL|https://m2lab.net}}
}}
'''Sumita S. Chakravarty''' is a [[media studies]] scholar known for her research on media theory, [[Migration studies|migration]] and [[globalization]], [[Cinema of India|Indian popular cinema]] and [[national identity]], [[Internet culture|digital culture]], and the history and philosophy of media technologies.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Stadtler |first=Florian |title=Fiction, Film, and Indian Popular Cinema: Salman Rushdie's Novels and the Cinematic Imagination |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-80790-6 |series=Routledge Research in Postcolonial Literatures |location=New York |pages=}}</ref>{{rp||page=86|pages=}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Chakravarty |first=Sumita S. |title=Uncertain Archives: Critical Keywords for Big Data |publisher=MIT Press |year=2021 |isbn=9780262539883 |editor-last=Thylstrup |editor-first=Nanna Bonde |location=Cambridge, MA; London, UK |chapter=Migrationmapping |editor-last2=Agostinho |editor-first2=Daniela |editor-last3=Ring |editor-first3=Annie |editor-last4=D'Ignazio |editor-first4=Catherine |editor-last5=Veel |editor-first5=Kristin}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sumita Chakravarty |url=https://www.newschool.edu/media-studies/faculty/sumita-chakravarty/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121023723/https://www.newschool.edu/media-studies/faculty/sumita-chakravarty/ |archive-date=January 21, 2025 |access-date=May 7, 2025 |website=The New School, School of Media Studies}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=About M2Lab {{!}} Media + Migration |url=https://www.m2lab.net/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504210951/https://www.m2lab.net/about |archive-date=May 4, 2025 |access-date=May 7, 2025 |website=Media+Migration Lab}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=About – Migration Mapping |url=https://migrationmapping.org/about/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504175659/https://migrationmapping.org/about/ |archive-date=May 4, 2025 |access-date=May 7, 2025 |website=Migration Mapping}}</ref> At [[The New School]] in [[New York City]], Chakravarty was the founding chair of the Culture and Media department at the [[Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts]] from 2000 to 2008, and later the Associate Dean of Media Studies from 2011 to 2014.<ref name=":1" /> She is currently Professor Emeritus at the School of Media Studies in The New School.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

Chakravarty leads the Media+Migration Lab (M2Lab), an online platform dedicated to interdisciplinary projects studying the connections between migration and its mediation.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> The platform's foundational project is [https://migrationmapping.org Migration Mapping], a living digital [[archive]] for media and migration.<ref name=":3" />

Chakravarty is the author of the book ''National Identity in Indian Popular Cinema, 1947–1987'' (University of Texas Press, 1993; Oxford University Press, 1996) and editor for ''The Enemy Within: The Films of Mrinal Sen'' (Flicks Books, 2000).<ref name=":1" /> She has also written numerous articles for academic journals and anthologies, such as "Migrationmapping" in ''Uncertain Archives: Critical Keywords for Big Data'' (MIT Press, 2021).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Gray |first=Catriona |date=May 25, 2021 |title=Book Review: Uncertain Archives: Critical Keywords for Big Data edited by Nanna Bonde Thylstrup, Daniela Agostinho, Annie Ring, Catherine D'Ignazio and Kristin Veel |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2021/05/25/book-review-uncertain-archives-critical-keywords-for-big-data-edited-by-nanna-bonde-thylstrup-daniela-agostinho-annie-ring-catherine-dignazio-and-kristin-veel/ |access-date=August 6, 2025 |website=LSE Review of Books}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Chakravarty holds dual PhDs in Communications from the [[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]], and English from [[Lucknow University]], India.<ref name=":1" /> She was a doctoral student at the University of Illinois in the early 1980s, then having recently moved from [[India]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Chakravarty |first=Sumita S. |date=2009-06-01 |title=Cultural Studies Legacies: Visiting James Carey's Border Country |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708609332412 |journal=Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies |language=EN |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=412–424 |doi=10.1177/1532708609332412 |issn=1532-7086|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[James W. Carey]], the Dean of the Institute and the College of Communications at Illinois, was her thesis advisor.<ref name=":6" /> She holds a BA from Lucknow University, India.<ref name=":1" />

== Work ==
In 1994, Chakravarty's book, ''National Identity in Indian Popular Cinema, 1947–1987,'' was published.<ref name=":1" /> The book provides an early academic account of popular cinema from India, examining its shifts across developments in Indian nationhood.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Chakravarty |first=Sumita S. |title=National Identity in Indian Popular Cinema, 1947-1987 |publisher=University of Texas; University of Oxford |year=1994 |isbn=978-0292711563}}</ref> It draws upon discourses from [[film studies]], [[cultural studies]], [[postcolonialism]], and "[[Third World]]" Cinema to explore [[Hindi cinema|Bombay cinema]] post-Independence.<ref name=":4" /> Chakravarty writes about films such as [[Guide (film)|''Guide'']] (dir. Vijay Anand, 1965), ''[[Shree 420]]'' (dir. Raj Kapoor, 1955), and [[Bhumika (film)|''Bhumika'']] (dir. Shyam Benegal, 1977) to develop the concept of "imperso-nation," with ideas of disguise characterizing the representation of national identity in popular films to neutralize class, communal, and regional differences.<ref name=":4" /> The book explores topics such as realist aesthetics and the representation of women in chapters such as "National Identity and the Realist Aesthetic" and "Woman and the Burden of Postcoloniality: The Courtesan Film Genre"<ref name=":4" />

Chakravarty's work is often cited or drawn upon in various academic discussions around Indian cultural history and cinema.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last1=Prabhu |first1=Gayathri |title=Shadow Craft: Visual Aesthetics of Black and White Hindi Cinema |last2=Govind |first2=Nikhil |date=2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-93-90176-56-4 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Parciack |first=Ronie |title=Popular Hindi Cinema: Aesthetic Formations of the Seen and Unseen |publisher=Routledge |year=2016 |isbn=9780367875183 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Joshi |first=Priya |date=2012 |title=Cinema As Family Romance |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14746689.2012.655102 |journal=South Asian Popular Culture |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=7–21 |doi=10.1080/14746689.2012.655102 |issn=1474-6689|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Indian Literature and Popular Cinema: Recasting Classics |date=2010 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-57660-4 |editor-last=Pauwels |editor-first=Heidi Rika Maria |edition= |series=Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Anustup |title=Bollywood in the Age of New Media |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2012 |isbn=9780748686766 |location=Edinburgh}}</ref> She is identified by Florian Stadtler, lecturer of literature and migration, as "[o]ne of the first critics to note the intricate relationship between the novel and [Indian popular] cinema"<ref name=":7" />{{rp||page=86|pages=}} [[Gayathri Prabhu]] and Nikhil Govind note the "skilled and detailed thematic reading" that Chakravarty offers of films such as [[Sujata (1959 film)|''Sujata'']] (dir. Bimal Roy, 1959).<ref name=":9" />{{rp||page=97|pages=}}

Chakravarty later edited the book ''The Enemy Within: The Films of Mrinal Sen'', published in 2000.<ref name=":1" /> The book critically explores the work of [[Mrinal Sen]], an Indian director known for social and political critique through his films.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |title=The Enemy Within: The Films of Mrinal Sen |date=2000 |publisher=Flicks Books |isbn=978-0-948911-45-3 |editor-last=Chakravarty |editor-first=Sumita S. |series=Cinema Voices |location=Trowbridge}}</ref> Rather than approaching Sen's work through the framework of the [[auteur]] or personal biography, the contributions in the book highlight various aspects of his cinema practice in context, broadly exploring the relationships between radicalism, cinema, and social change.<ref name=":5" />

Chakravarty was the founding chair of the Culture and Media department at The New School's [[Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts]] from 2000 to 2008, and later the Associate Dean of Media Studies from 2011 to 2014 for The New School.<ref name=":1" />

In 2016, Chakravarty launched the Migration Mapping project, a website that archives and examines various media forms representing migration as human practice.<ref name=":3" /> The website is a continually growing archive, resource guide, and research hub on the relationship between migration and media.<ref name=":3" /> Migration Mapping became the foundational project of the Media+Migration Lab (M2Lab), launched later in 2018 by Chakravarty.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> M2Lab is an online platform that hosts experimental digital projects studying the connections between migration and media.<ref name=":2" /> The lab is run by student researchers and fellows who lead the lab together with Chakravarty.<ref name=":2" /> She established The Bishwanath and Sandhya Sinha Memorial Endowed Fellowship in her parents' memory, awarded yearly to a graduate student in media studies at The New School.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

Chakravarty received the Distinguished University Teaching Award at The New School in 2018.<ref name=":1" /> She is currently Professor Emeritus at the School of Media Studies in The New School.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

More recent writing includes the chapter "Migrationmapping" in ''Uncertain Archives: Critical Keywords for Big Data'' (MIT Press, 2021).<ref name=":0" /> The chapter has been described in the LSE Review of Books as offering a "critical and literary genealogy of mapping practices," prompting ways of thinking about how maps shape understandings of migration in the current digital age.<ref name=":8" />

== Awards ==
Sumita Chakravarty was awarded the Distinguished University Teaching Award at The New School in 2018.<ref name=":1" /> She has also been awarded Faculty Development Grants and the Provost's Office Faculty Research Fund Award from The New School.<ref name=":1" />

== Selected publications and writing ==

=== Books ===
* {{Cite book |last= |first= |title=The Enemy Within: The Films of Mrinal Sen |publisher=Flicks Books |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-948911-45-3 |edition= |location=Trowbridge |editor-last=Chakravarty |editor-first=Sumita S.}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chakravarty |first=Sumita S. |title=National Identity in Indian Popular Cinema, 1947–1987 |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0292711563 |edition=1st |location=Austin, TX}}

=== Book chapters and journal articles ===
* {{Cite book |last=Chakravarty |first=Sumita S. |title=Uncertain Archives: Critical Keywords for Big Data |publisher=MIT Press |year=2021 |isbn=9780262539883 |edition= |location=Cambridge, MA; London, UK|chapter=Migrationmapping|editor-last=Thylstrup|editor-first=Nanna Bonde|editor-last2=Agostinho|editor-first2=Daniela|editor-last3=Ring|editor-first3=Annie|editor-last4=D'Ignazio|editor-first4=Catherine|editor-last5=Veel|editor-first5=Kristin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chakravarty |first=Sumita S. |title=The Routledge Companion to Cinema and Gender |publisher=Routledge |year=2016 |isbn=978-1138924956 |edition= |location=London; New York|chapter=Gender in Transit: Framing the Cinema of Migration|editor-last=Kaplan|editor-first=E. Ann|editor-last2=Petro|editor-first2=Patrice|editor-last3=Jelaca|editor-first3=Dijana|editor-last4=Hole|editor-first4=Kristin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chakravarty |first=Sumita S. |title=Encyclopedia of Media and Communication |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2013 |isbn=9781442643147 |edition= |location=Toronto|chapter=Globalization|editor-last=Danesi|editor-first=Marcel|publication-date=2013}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Chakravarty |first1=Sumita S. |date=Summer 2011 |title=Reflections on the Body Beautiful in Indian Popular Culture |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/528133 |journal=Social Research |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=395–416 |bibcode= |doi=10.1353/sor.2011.0024 |url-access=subscription |via=Project MUSE |doi-access=}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Chakravarty |first1=Sumita S. |date=Summer 2009 |title=Cultural Studies Legacies: Visiting James Carey's Border Country |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1532708609332412 |journal=Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=395–416 |bibcode= |doi=10.1177/1532708609332412 |url-access=subscription |via=Sage Journals |doi-access=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chakravarty |first=Sumita S. |title=Terrorism, Media, Liberation |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0813536071 |edition= |location=New Brunswick, NJ|chapter=Fragmenting the Nation: Images of Terrorism in Indian Popular Cinema|editor-last=Slocum|editor-first=J. David Slocum}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chakravarty |first=Sumita S. |title=Rethinking Third World Cinema |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=978-1138924956 |edition= |location=London; New York|chapter=The Erotics of History: Gender and Transgression in New Asian Cinemas|editor-last=Dissanayake|editor-first=Wimal|editor-last2=Guneratne|editor-first2=Anthony}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Charavarty, Sumita S.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Feminist studies scholars]]
[[Category:Film theorists]]
[[Category:The New School faculty]]
[[Category:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Avinaash V. Rai

2025-09-05T22:29:28Z

KellyePoindexter: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[Do Lafzon Ki Kahani (film)]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

States of India by Bengali speakers

2025-09-01T18:37:19Z

KellyePoindexter: fix structure after review and updated info for clarity

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
This is a '''list of States and Union Territories of India by [[Bengali language|Bengali]] speakers''' at the time of the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf|title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)|publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 November 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2016}}</ref>

According to [[2011 census of India]], Bengali is the fifth fastest growing [[languages of India|language in India]], following [[Hindi]] in the first place, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] in the second place, and [[Meitei language|Meitei]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]]), along with [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], in the third place.<ref>—{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=What census data reveals about use of Indian languages |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/what-census-data-reveals-about-use-of-indian-languages-738340.html |access-date=16 November 2023 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}} —{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=28 June 2018 |title=Hindi Added 100Mn Speakers In A Decade; Kashmiri 2nd Fast Growing Language |url=https://www.indiaspend.com/hindi-added-100mn-speakers-in-a-decade-kashmiri-2nd-fast-growing-language-93096/ |access-date=16 November 2023 |website= |language=en}} —{{Cite web |title=Hindi fastest growing language in India, finds 100 million new speakers |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/hindi-fastest-growing-language-in-india-finds-100-million-new-speakers-118070200029_1.html}} —{{Cite magazine |last1=Mishra |first1=Mayank |last2=Aggarwal |first2=Piyush |date=11 April 2022 |title=Hindi grew rapidly in non-Hindi states even without official mandate |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/diu/story/hindi-grows-in-non-hindi-states-without-official-mandate-1936196-2022-04-11 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>

==2011 Census==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! data-sort-type="text" | State / Union Territory
! data-sort-type="number" | Bengali speakers<ref>{{cite news|title=Distribution of the 22 Scheduled Languages – India, States & Union Territories – 2011 Census |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Part-A.pdf|work=[[Government of India]]}}</ref>
! data-sort-type="number" | Percentage of population speaking Bengali<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm|title=Census of India - Distribution of 10,000 persons by language – India, States and Union Territories-2011|work=Government of India}}</ref>
|-
|[[West Bengal]]
|align=center|78,698,852
|align=center|86.22%
|-
|[[Barak Valley|Barak Valley (Assam)]]
| align='center' |2,930,378
| align='center' |80.84%
|-
|[[Tripura]]
|align=center| 2,414,774
|align=center| 67.73%
|-
|[[Brahmaputra Valley|Brahmaputra Valley (Assam)]]
| align='center' | 6,094,274
| align='center' |22.09%
|-
|[[Andaman & Nicobar Islands]]
|align=center| 108,432
|align=center| 28.49%
|-
|[[Jharkhand]]
|align=center| 3,213,423
|align=center| 9.73%
|-
|[[Mizoram]]
|align=center| 107,840
|align=center| 1.35%
|-
|[[Meghalaya]]
|align=center| 232,525
|align=center| 6.44%
|-
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|align=center| 100,579
|align=center| 3.66%
|-
|[[Nagaland]]
|align=center| 74,753
|align=center| 3.78%
|-
|[[Daman & Diu]]
|align=center| 5,232
|align=center| 2.15%
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|align=center| 150,933
|align=center| 1.50%
|-
|[[Delhi]]
|align=center| 215,960
|align=center| 1.29%
|-
|[[Orissa, India|Odisha]]
|align=center| 504,570
|align=center| 1.20%
|-
|[[Sikkim]]
|align=center| 6,986
|align=center| 1.14%
|-
|[[Manipur]]
|align=center| 30,611
|align=center| 1.07%
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|align=center| 243,597
|align=center| 0.95%
|-
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
|align=center| 3,116
|align=center| 0.91%
|-
|[[Bihar]]
|align=center| 810,771
|align=center| 0.78%
|-
|[[Chandigarh]]
|align=center| 6,236
|align=center| 0.59%
|-
|[[Goa]]
|align=center| 7,099
|align=center| 0.49%
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]
|align=center| 442,090
|align=center| 0.39%
|-
|[[Haryana]]
|align=center| 70,948
|align=center| 0.28%
|-
|[[Lakshadweep]]
|align=center| 1,509
|align=center| 0.22%
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|align=center| 109,185
|align=center| 0.15%
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]]
|align=center| 19,830
|align=center| 0.16%
|-
|[[Karnataka]]
|align=center| 87,963
|align=center| 0.14%
|-
|[[Gujarat]]
|align=center| 79,648
|align=center| 0.13%
|-
|[[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]
|align=center| 1,509
|align=center| 0.12%
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|align=center| 241,007
|align=center| 0.12%
|-
|[[Rajasthan]]
|align=center|81,658
|align=center| 0.12%
|-
|[[Punjab]]
|align=center| 27,030
|align=center| 0.10%
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|align=center| 6,214
|align=center| 0.09%
|-
|[[Kerala]]
|align=center|29,061
|align=center| 0.09%
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|align=center| 57,804
|align=center| 0.07%
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|align=center|22,969
|align=center| 0.03%
|-class="sortbottom"
|'''[[India]]'''
|'''9,82,37,669''' (First language speakers)
|align=center|'''8.3%'''<ref name="Census of India"/>(Second most spoken in [[India]])
|}

==2001 Census==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! data-sort-type="text" | State / Union Territory
! data-sort-type="number" | Bengali speakers<ref>{{cite news|title= Distribution of the 22 Scheduled Languages – India, States & Union Territories – 2001 Census |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/parta.htm}}</ref>
! data-sort-type="number" | Percentage of population speaking Bengali <ref name="Census of India">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm|title=Census of India - Distribution of 10,000 persons by language – India, States and Union Territories-2001}}</ref>
|-
|[[West Bengal]]
|align=center|68,369,255
|align=center|85.34%
|-
|[[Tripura]]
|align=center|2,147,944
|align=center|67.14%
|-
|[[Assam]]
|align=center|7,343,338
|align=center|27.55%
|-
|[[Andaman & Nicobar Islands]]
|align=center|91,582
|align=center|25.71%
|-
|[[Jharkhand]]
|align=center|2,607,601
|align=center|9.68%
|-
|[[Mizoram]]
|align=center|80,389
|align=center|9.05%
|-
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|align=center|97,149
|align=center|8.85%
|-
|[[Meghalaya]]
|align=center|185,692
|align=center|8.01%
|-
|[[Nagaland]]
|align=center|58,890
|align=center|2.96%
|-
|[[Delhi]]
|align=center|208,414
|align=center|1.50%
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|align=center|123,190
|align=center|1.45%
|-
|[[Orissa, India|Odisha]]
|align=center|490,857
|align=center|1.33%
|-
|[[Manipur]]
|align=center|27,100
|align=center|1.25%
|-
|[[Sikkim]]
|align=center|6,320
|align=center|1.18%
|-
|[[Daman & Diu]]
|align=center|1,810
|align=center|1.16%
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|align=center|208,669
|align=center|1.00%
|-
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
|align=center|1,382
|align=center|0.63%
|-
|[[Chandigarh]]
|align=center|5,491
|align=center|0.61%
|-
|[[Bihar]]
|align=center|443,425
|align=center|0.53%
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]
|align=center|310,137
|align=center|0.32%
|-
|[[Goa]]
|align=center|4,111
|align=center|0.31%
|-
|[[Haryana]]
|align=center|39,199
|align=center|0.19%
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|align=center|105,399
|align=center|0.17%
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]]
|align=center|14,416
|align=center|0.14%
|-
|[[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]
|align=center|1,180
|align=center|0.12%
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|align=center|181,634
|align=center|0.11%
|-
|[[Rajasthan]]
|align=center|54,172
|align=center|0.10%
|-
|[[Gujarat]]
|align=center|40,780
|align=center|0.08%
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|align=center|4,772
|align=center|0.08%
|-
|[[Karnataka]]
|align=center|41,256
|align=center|0.08%
|-
|[[Punjab]]
|align=center|20,655
|align=center|0.08%
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|align=center|41,293
|align=center|0.05%
|-
|[[Lakshadweep]]
|align=center|24
|align=center|0.05%
|-
|[[Kerala]]
|align=center|3,387
|align=center|0.01%
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|align=center|8,805
|align=center|0.01%
|-class="sortbottom"
|'''[[India]]'''
|'''8,77,37,669''' (First language speakers)
|align=center|8.12%<ref name="Census of India"/>
|}

== Bengali majority states of India ==

=== West Bengal ===
According to the provisional results of the 2011 national census, West Bengal is the fourth-most-populous state in India with a population of 91,347,736 (7.55% of India's population). [[Bengalis]], consisting of [[Bengali Hindus]], [[Bengali Muslims]], [[Bengali Christians]] and a few [[Bengali Buddhists]], numbering around 78,698,852 comprise about 86.22% of the state population. West Bengal was created as a homeland of [[Ghotis|Bengali Hindus]] in 1947.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/opinion-why-a-united-bengal-in-1947-wouldnt-have-worked-out | title=Opinion: Why a United Bengal in 1947 wouldn't have worked out }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=C-16 POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708051209/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |archive-date=8 July 2018 |access-date=4 November 2023 |website=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |format=XLSX}}</ref>

=== Tripura ===
The non-tribal population of Tripura, the mostly Bengali-speaking Hindus and Muslims, constitute more than two-thirds of the state's population. The resident and the migrant Bengali population benefitted from the culture and language of the [[Manikya dynasty|royal house of Tripura]] thanks to embracement of Hinduism and adoption of Bengali as the state language by the Maharajahs of Tripura much before [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian independence]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dikshit |first1=K. R. |last2=Dikshit |first2=Jutta K. |title=North-East India: Land, People and Economy |date=21 October 2013 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-94-007-7055-3 |page=352 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iorHBAAAQBAJ&dq=The+Manikya+kings+adopted+Bengali+culture&pg=PA352 |language=en}}</ref> After the Partition of India and Tripura's accession to the [[Dominion of India]], thousands of Bengali Hindus from eastern Bengal took refuge in Tripura. The influx of the Bengali Hindus increased during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], when of Bengali Hindus were massacred in Bangladesh by the [[Pakistan Army|Pakistani occupation army]]. At present there are around 2.2 million Bengali Hindus in Tripura, making them the largest ethnic group in the state, constituting over 60% of the total population.<ref>{{cite news |title=BJP eyes 2.2 m Bengali Hindus in Tripura quest |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/sunday-edition/bjp-eyes-22-m-bengali-hindus-in-tripura-quest.html |work=The Pioneer |date=14 May 2017}}</ref>

===Assam===
A “language reversion” has been going on among [[Muslim]]s who once migrated from erstwhile East Bengal. After Partition, the Brahmaputra valley Muslim migrants of [[East Bengal]]i roots chose to report their language as Assamese. As a result, between 1931 and 1951, the population of Assamese speakers in Assam (excluding [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet]]) rose by a phenomenal 150%. The Partition violence may have played a part in this decision. The apprehension of being persecuted in the newly independent country made the migrants give up language and keep religion. As a mirror image of the quick rise in the Assamese speaking population, during 1931-1951 the population of Bengali speakers fell by as much as 25%. It is conjectured that of late, the [[Miya people|Na-Axamiyas]] (the new Assamese) have been switching back to Bengali. This curious phenomenon was behind the [[Assam Movement]] (1979-1985) according to political scientist [[Myron Weiner]]. The relative calm of the last few decades since the conclusion of the movement may have given the migrants the confidence to report Bengali. The rise in the share of Bengalis could be due to Na-Axamiyas reverting to Bengali.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.thewire.in/article/politics/assam-accord-nrc-bengali-assamese/amp | title=In Assam, Rising Share of Bengali Speakers Doesn t Necessarily Point to Infiltration }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/caa-protests-in-assam-why-it-is-different-from-the-rest-of-the-country/articleshow/72844673.cms | title=CAA protests in Assam: Why it is different from the rest of the country | newspaper=The Economic Times | last1=Bhattacharya | first1=D. P. }}</ref><ref name="scroll.in">{{cite web | url=https://scroll.in/article/926022/assam-drive-urging-bengali-muslims-not-to-list-assamese-as-mother-tongue-could-become-explosive | title=In Assam, campaign urging Bengali Muslims not to list Assamese as mother tongue has sparked protests | date=9 June 2019 }}</ref> In 1931, the population of Assamese speakers in the region was 1.74 million- which constituted 31.42% of the total population while by 1951, it turned into 4.55 million, constituting 56.69% of the population.<ref name=chubra>Chubbra K. M. L, Assam Challenge, Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd, Delhi, 1992.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/olj/sa/sa_may01kod01.html | title=Insurgency in Assam: The Demographic Dimensions }}</ref><ref name="scroll.in"/> According to 2011 census, Assam has around 31,205,576 people living in the state.<ref>"Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India"</ref> Language census report tells that [[Assam]] has around 48.38% Assamese and 28.92% Bengali speakers as per 2011 census.<ref>{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=19 February 2021}}</ref>

===Andaman and Nicobar islands===
There is also a significant number of Bengali Hindus residing in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], estimated approximately 100,000 comprising 26%–28% of the population. Bengali is also the most widely spoken language in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, despite it lacking official status.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andaman|first=Team Explore|title=Andaman Nicobar population - a description|url=http://www.exploreandaman.com/population-colonisation-andaman-nicobar-islands.php|access-date=22 April 2021|website=Population mix of Andaman and Nicobar|language=en}}</ref>

== Other significant areas ==

=== Uttarakhand ===
There are large number of Bengali speaking population mainly centered around [[Udham Singh Nagar district]] of Uttarakhand. Much of the population reached here as a result of migration during 1970's. The Bengali speakers are primarily engaged in farming and industrial activities.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Kautilya|title=What's this Bengali doing in Uttarakhand poll pitch?|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/whats-this-bengali-doing-in-uttarakhand-poll-pitch/articleshow/57016997.cms|access-date=6 August 2021}}</ref>

=== Kerala ===
There is steady migration of Bengali speaking population from [[Assam]] and [[West Bengal]] towards southern state of Kerala as migrant labourers. As of 2020, Bengali speakers constitute a large proportion of [[Migrant labourers in Kerala]]. Most of the Bengali speakers are working as footloose labourers and only a few consider permanent settlement. The major chunk of Bengali speaking populace is concentrated in [[Ernakulam district]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bibin Babu|date=3 May 2016|title=Perumbavoor: A mini North India in Kerala {{!}} Kochi News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/perumbavoor-a-mini-north-india-in-kerala/articleshow/52055285.cms|access-date=6 August 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Menon|first=Sreelatha|date=27 July 2011|title=Kerala, a 'Dubai' for Bengali migrants|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/kerala-a-dubai-for-bengali-migrants-111072700087_1.html|access-date=6 August 2021}}</ref>

=== Chhattisgarh ===
In southern Chhattisgarh, especially in [[Bastar district|Bastar]] region there is significant Bengali speaking population. Most of these settlers have reached there as a result of [[Dandakaranya Project]] following the [[Partition of India]].<ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=19 January 2020|title=NCST to ask Chhattisgarh to probe if refugee resettlement led to demographic changes in tribal areas|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ncst-to-ask-chhattisgarh-to-probe-if-refugee-resettlement-led-to-demographic-changes-in-tribal-areas/article30600100.ece|access-date=6 August 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bagchi|first=Suvojit|date=9 November 2018|title=Congress parachutes Bengali leaders to campaign in southern Chhattisgarh|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/chhattisgarh-assembly-elections-2018/congress-parachutes-bengali-leaders-to-campaign-in-southern-chhattisgarh/article25457206.ece|access-date=6 August 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[States of India by Kashmiri speakers]]
* [[List of states and union territories of India by Punjabi speakers]]
* [[States of India by Sindhi speakers]]
* [[States of India by Kannada speakers]]
* [[States of India by Meitei speakers]]
* [[States of India by Tamil speakers]]
* [[States of India by Telugu speakers]]
* [[States of India by Urdu speakers]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Bengali language topics}}

[[Category:Lists of states of India by number of speakers of the languages|B]]
[[Category:Lists of Bengali people|*]]
[[Category:Bengali language-related lists]]
[[Category:West Bengal-related lists|Tamil speakers]]
[[Category:Bengali language in India]]

Nishtala Appala Narasimham

2025-08-15T20:21:57Z

KellyePoindexter: starting a post

{{Short description|Indian physicist (1922–2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Nishtala Appala Narasimham
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1922|08|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Parlakimidi]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2002|04|08|1922|08|15|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| field = [[Physics]], [[spectroscopy]]
| alma_mater = [[Andhra University]], [[Visakhapatnam]] [[Banaras Hindu University]], [[Varanasi]]
| workplaces = [[University of Wisconsin]], [[University of Oklahoma]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[R.K.Asundi|Prof. R.K.Asundi]]
| doctoral_students=
| notable_students =
| prizes =
| signature = 
| signature_alt =
}}

'''Nishtala Appala Narasimham''', shortly '''N. A. Narasimham''' (15 August 1922 – 8 April 2002) was an Indian [[physicist]] and [[spectroscopist]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.insaindia.res.in/BM/BM25_0412.pdf | title=Nishtala Appala Narasimham (15 August 1922 - 8 April 2002) | website=www.insaindia.res.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Academy of Sciences |url=https://fellows.ias.ac.in/profile/v/FL1966004 |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=fellows.ias.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=INSA :: Archive Detail |url=https://insajournal.in/intranetinsa/deceased_detail.php?id=N71-0511 |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=insajournal.in}}</ref>

He was born at [[Parlakimidi]] on 15 August 1922. He was graduated in [[physics]] (B.Sc.) from [[Andhra University]] in 1942 and M.Sc. in physics from [[Banaras Hindu University]] (BHU) in 1945. He passed both the examinations with first-class. He has worked as [[lecturer]] in physics in [[Mrs. A.V.N. College]], [[Visakhapatnam]] and at [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]] between 1945 and 1949.

He has joined with R. K. Asundi at BHU in 1949 and obtained his [[Ph.D.]] in 1952.

He died in [[Mumbai]] on 2002 at the age of 79 years. He is survived by wife Kamala and son Prasad.

==Awards and honours==
* [[Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao Memorial Lecture Award]] in 1983
* INSA Senior Scientist Award 1985-87
* Sir C. V. Raman Birth Centenary Medal in 1988
* Silver Jubilee Lecture of Andhra Pradesh Academy of Sciences in 1988
* Sanjeevaiah Memorial Lecture of Sri Venkateswara University in 1990

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narasimham, Nishtala Appala}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Spectroscopists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Odisha]]
[[Category:Andhra University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Paralakhemundi]]

Francis Day (Madras)

2025-08-08T13:01:02Z

KellyePoindexter: refine article per sources and fixed typos

{{one source|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}

'''Francis Day''' (1605–1673) was an administrator associated with the [[East India Company]]. He served as a factor of the company's factory at [[Masulipatnam]] from 1632 to 1639. In 1639, he negotiated the purchase of a strip of land south of the Dutch factory at [[Pulicat]] from the Raja of Chandragiri, where the town of [[Madras]] was built. He served as the second Agent of Madras from 1643 to 1644. Along with [[Andrew Cogan]], he is regarded as the founder of Madras.

== Early life ==

Francis Day was born to William Day of Bray and his wife Helen Wentworth, the daughter of a member of the [[House of Commons of England|House of Commons]]. He is believed to be the grandson of [[William Day (bishop)|William Day]], who was appointed [[Bishop of Winchester]] in 1595. Francis completed his education from [[Eton College]] and joined the services of the East India Company in 1632.

== Purchase of Madras ==
[[File:Plan of Fort St George and the City of Madras 1726.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Plan of Fort St George and the city of Madras in 1726.]]

In 1637, Francis Day, then a member of the Masulipatnam Council and Chief of the Armagon Factory, undertook a voyage of exploration down the [[Coromandel Coast]], as far as [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]]. At that time, the Coromandel Coast was ruled by the Raja of Chandragiri through a local chief or Nayak, Damarla Venkatappa Nayak, who ruled the coast from Pulicat up to [[Santhome]]. He had his seat at [[Vandavasi]] (then anglicised as Wandiwash) and his brother, Ayyappa Nayak resided at [[Poonamallee]].

It is widely presumed{{Weasel inline|date=May 2019}} that Ayyappa Nayak was the one who wooed the [[English colonial empire|English]] to choose the area comprising the modern-day Georgetown for settlement{{citation needed|date=May 2008}}. Day and his superior, Andrew Cogan, investigated the proposed site and examined trading possibilities. The results were favorable and Day secured a grant offering the [[village]] of [[Madraspatnam]] to the English for a period of two years. The [[Land grant|Grant]] was dated August 1639, and after obtaining the approval of the Factory at Masulipatnam and the Presidency of Bantam (in Java), the settlement of Madraspatnam was begun.

Day also had other reasons to choose [[Madras]] for a factory: the availability of cotton, and at a much cheaper rate, as acknowledged by the prosperous Portuguese settlement of Sao Tôme, the nearness of the Portuguese, upon whom could be counted as neutral spectators if not active supporters in times of war, particularly influenced the English in their choice, the land allocated under the grant to the English in 1639, was a piece of land lying between the river Cooum, almost at the point at which it enters the sea and another river known as Egmore river,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennai.tn.nic.in/chndistprof.htm#hist |title=History|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114174944/http://www.chennai.tn.nic.in/chndistprof.htm#hist |archive-date=14 January 2016 |website=www.chennai.tn.nic.in}}</ref> also a factor of safety important in those turbulent times.

Day was, however, sorely criticised by captains of [[men-of-war]], for his choice of the location of the fort, due to immense difficulties in anchoring ships in Madras Roads. This meant that at various important junctures in the [[Carnatic Wars]], the powerful [[Royal Navy|English fleet]] was rendered useless, having to weigh anchor and move out to sea at low tide. Merchantmen too found the same flaw, though for different reasons – they would have to wait until high tide to bring goods and passengers ashore or risk wetting them in the ''majula'' boats used as ferries between the fort and Madras Roads.

The chief difficulty, as usual with the English in those days, was lack of money. At last, in February 1640, Day and Cogan accompanied by a few factors and writers, a garrison of about 25 European soldiers and a few other European artificers, besides a Hindu powder-maker by name Naga Battan, proceeded to Madras and started the English factory. They reached Madraspatnam on 20 February; and this date is important because it marks the first actual settlement of the English at the place.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chennaicorporation.com/aboutcoc/che_history01.htm|title=chennaicorporation.com|website=www.chennaicorporation.com|accessdate=8 August 2025}}</ref>

==Construction of Fort St George==
Day and Cogan were jointly responsible for the construction of [[Fort St. George (India)|Fort St George]]. The building of the Factory House was taken up on 1 March 1640. Some portion of the structure was presumably completed by [[St. George's Day]] (23 April) of that year and the name Fort St. George was consequently given to the Fort.<ref>{{cite web|last=Muthiah|first= S. |date=2004|url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2004/535/535%20s.%20muthiah.htm|title=First city of modern India Seminar {{!}} 535 {{!}} page 14}}</ref>

The bastions were first built and erection of the curtain walls connecting them proceeded more slowly as funds permitted. The whole Fort took fourteen years to construct and was finished only in 1653. It measured about 100 yards by north to south and by 80 yards east to west. On its northern and southern sides buildings and streets sprang up and constituted what came to be known later as the White Town.

Indian merchants and artificers were attracted to the settlement and encouraged to build houses therein under a promise of exemptions from import taxes for a period of thirty years. It is said that within the first year of the life of the settlement, there arose some seventy to eighty substantial houses to the north and south of the Fort while in the village of Madraspatnam nearly four hundred families of weavers had come to settle permanently.

==See also==
* [[Governors of Madras]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscatinline}}
* [http://www.chennaicorporation.com/aboutcoc/che_history.htm History of Madras]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box | before= [[Andrew Cogan]] | title=[[Agencies of British India|Agent]] of [[Madras]] | after=[[Thomas Ivie]] | years=1643–1644}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Day, Francis}}
[[Category:1605 births]]
[[Category:1673 deaths]]

[[Category:Governors of Madras]]
[[Category:British East India Company people]]

Valby Expedition of January 1644

2025-07-26T11:31:34Z

KellyePoindexter: done!

{{Short description|1644 Danish privateering expedition in the Bay of Bengal}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = ''Valby'' Expedition of January 1644
| place = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| partof = [[Dano-Mughal War]]
| image_size = 290px
| image = A Pulwar (Cropped).png
| caption = A Bengali vessel, by [[Frans Balthazar Solvyns]]
| date = January 1644
| result = Danish victory
| combatant1 = {{flag|Danish India}}
| combatant2 = [[File:Bengal subah flag (Nautical).svg|23px]] [[Bengal Subah]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Danish India}} [[Willem Leyel]]
| commander2 = [[File:Bengal subah flag (Nautical).svg|23px]] Abdul Gany{{POW}}
| units1 = {{flagicon|Danish India}} ''Valby''{{efn|Also spelled ''Valdebye''}}
| units2 = [[File:Bengal subah flag (Nautical).svg|23px]] Unknown
| strength1 = 1 ship
| strength2 = 1 ship 7 men 34 slaves
| casualties1 = None
| casualties2 = 7 imprisoned
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Dano-Mughal War}}
}}

{{Italic title|string=Valby}}The '''''Valby'' Expedition of January 1644''' ({{Langx|da|Valbys ekspedition af Januar 1644}}), also sometimes spelled '''''Valdebye''''', was a Danish [[privateering]] expedition against [[Bengalis|Bengali]] merchants in the [[Bay of Bengal]] in January 1644.It is one of the first expedition that penetrated Bengal. The expedition was led by the [[Governor of Danish India]], [[Willem Leyel]], and executed by the sloop ''Valby''. Leyel managed to seize a Bengali vessel, which included 34 slaves and seemingly converted them to [[Christianity]].

== Background ==
Because of previous cargo losses, the [[Danish East India Company]] declared war on the [[Mughal Empire]] in 1642 and began conducting a series of private ventures against Bengali merchants.{{Sfn|Wellen|2015}} These expeditions would continue for a couple of years and proved useful for sustaining the Company's finances.{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|p=450}}

== Expedition ==
In January 1644, after returning from a privateering venture, the ''Valby'' was sent on another expedition by Governor [[Willem Leyel]].{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=95}}{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|1999|p=98}} The new expedition brought a [[Prize (law)|prize]] with a load of Bengali [[linen]], pepper, a small amount of [[ambergris]] and some Chinese silk.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=95}} The captain of the vessel, Abdul Gany, and six other Moorish merchants were subsequently imprisoned.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|1999|p=98}} Additionally, 34 slaves were on board, most of which being children. All were carefully registered by the Danes and presumably baptized with Christian names.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=96}}{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|1999|p=99}}

== Aftermath ==
The slaves were presumably sold according to [[oral tradition]], however, the consequences for Gany and the likely Muslim Moorish merchants are unknown.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|1999|p=99}} Possibilities includes being sold or held to ransom.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=96}}{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|1999|p=99}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Works cited ==

* {{Cite book |last=Bredsdorff |first=Asta |url= |title=The Trials and Travels of Willem Leyel |publisher=[[Museum Tusculanum Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=9788763530231 |edition= |location=Copenhagen}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wellen |first=Kathryn |url=https://www.kitlv.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Mughal.pdf |title=The Danish East India Company's War against the Mughal Empire, 1642-1698 |publisher=Royal Netherlands Institute for Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies |year=2015 |isbn= |edition= |location=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bredsdorff |first=Asta |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/928692.pdf |title=Søhistoriske Skrifter |publisher=Handels- og Søfartsmuseet Kronborg |year=1999 |isbn= |edition= |volume=XXI |location=Copenhagen |language=Danish}}

[[Category:Bay of Bengal]]
[[Category:Naval battles involving Denmark–Norway]]
[[Category:1640s in Danish India]]
[[Category:1644 in India]]
[[Category:Military history of the Indian Ocean]]
[[Category:Bengal Subah]]
[[Category:Naval history of India]]