https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=KeishaBadham8 2026-08-02T21:09:32Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mosharraf_Hossain&diff=549597 2026-05-14T04:23:57Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: adding initial entry initial version.</p> <hr /> <div>'''Mosharraf Hossain''' (or variants) is a masculine given name of Arabic origin. Notable people with the name include:<br /> <br /> ==People==<br /> * [[Mosharraf Hossain (Bangladesh politician, died 2014)]] (1940–2014), Bangladeshi politician<br /> * [[Mosharraf Hossain (Bogra politician)]], Bangladeshi politician<br /> * [[Mosharraf Hossain (boxer)]], Bangladeshi boxer<br /> * [[Mosharraf Hossain (cricketer)]] (1981–2022), Bangladeshi cricketer<br /> * [[Mosharraf Hossain (Jessore politician)]] (1925–1974), Bangladeshi lawyer and politician<br /> * [[Mosharraf Hossain (Lakshmipur politician)]], Bangladeshi politician<br /> * [[Mosharraf Hossain (lawyer)]] (1935–1999), Bangladeshi advocate, politician, and freedom fighter<br /> * [[Mosharraf Hossain (Netrokona politician)]], (1942–2010), Bangladeshi politician<br /> * [[Mosharraf Hossain (politician, born 1943)]] (1943–2026), engineer and Housing Minister of Bangladesh<br /> * [[Mosharraf Hossain Khan]], Bangladeshi swimmer<br /> * [[Mosharraf Hossain Mongu]], Bangladeshi politician from Barisal<br /> * [[Mosharraf Hossain Shahjahan]] (1939–2012), Bangladeshi politician<br /> * [[Mosharrof Hossain]] (born 1978), Bangladeshi kabaddi player<br /> * [[Musharraf Hussain]] (born 1958), British-Pakistani religious scholar<br /> * [[M. H. Khan]] (Musharraf Husain Khan, 1932–2018), Bangladeshi Navy chief<br /> * [[Musharrof Husain Khan]] (born 1933), Bangladeshi academic<br /> * [[AK Mosharraf Hossain Akand]], Bangladeshi politician<br /> * [[A. K. M. Mosharraf Hossain]] (1937–2020), Bangladesh politician and former state minister of energy<br /> * [[Kazi Musharraf Hussain]] (1871–1966), Indian nawab and politician<br /> * [[Khandaker Mosharraf Hossain (born 1942)]] (born 1942), Bangladeshi politician<br /> * [[Khandaker Mosharraf Hossain (born 1946)]] (born 1946), Bangladeshi politician<br /> * [[M Musharraf Hossain Bhuiyan]] (born 1956), Bangladeshi politician<br /> * [[Md Mosharraf Hossain Bhuiyan]] (born 1957), Bangladeshi ambassador and former chairman of the National Board of Revenue<br /> * [[Mir Mosharraf Hossain]] (1847–1912), Bengali novelist and playwright<br /> * [[Mohammad Mosharraf Hossain (disambiguation)]], multiple people<br /> * [[Sardar Mosharraf Hossain]] (1927–2017), Bangladeshi advocate, politician, and freedom fighter<br /> * [[Sheikh Mosharraf Hossain]], Bangladeshi politician<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Musharraf (name)]]<br /> *[[Hussain]]<br /> <br /> {{human name disambiguation|Hossain, Mosharraf}}<br /> [[Category:Masculine given names]]<br /> [[Category:Arabic-language masculine given names]]<br /> [[Category:Bangladeshi masculine given names]]<br /> [[Category:Indian masculine given names]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistani masculine given names]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Papanasam_Assembly_constituency&diff=524297 2026-05-07T17:36:47Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|One of the 234 Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu state, in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 172<br /> | map_image = Constitution-Papanasam.svg<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | district = [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Mayiladuthurai Lok Sabha constituency|Mayiladuthurai]]<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Manithaneya Makkal Katchi|shortname=MMK}} ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])<br /> | alliance = {{legend2|#dd1100|'''[[Secular Progressive Alliance|SPA]]'''|border=solid 1px #000}}<br /> | mla = [[M. H. Jawahirullah|Dr. Jawahirullah. M. H]]<br /> | latest_election_year = 2021<br /> | name = Papanasam<br /> | electors = 256,518 <br /> | reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Papanasam''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Thanjavur district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date= 23 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.<br /> <br /> == Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br /> === Madras State ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br /> | Swayamprakasam<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> | G. Venkatachala Nattar and &lt;br&gt;[[R. Subramaniam (MLA)|R. Subramaniam]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> | R. Subramanian<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | R. Soundararaja Moopanar<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Tamil Nadu ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> | [[N. Ganapathy (Thanjavur)|N. Ganapathy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | R. V. Soundararajan<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[S. Rajaraman]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> | [[Indian National Congress (I)]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> | [[G. Karuppiah Moopanar]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | S. Rajaraman<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[M. Ramkumar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> |rowspan=3| [[R. Doraikkannu]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> | [[M. H. Jawahirullah]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Manithaneya Makkal Katchi}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Manithaneya Makkal Katchi}}|44.22}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|45.26}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.47}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|48.73}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|50.37}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|56.60}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|56.14}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|38.89}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|58.52}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.30}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|33.40}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.21}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|56.57}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|53.42}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|29.69}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|45.15}}<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> === 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= [[A. M. Shahjahan]]|party=Indian Union Muslim League |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Shanmugha Prabhu|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Anees Fathima Hamsath|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= U. Azarudeen|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 254652|change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=papanasam Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a172|access-date= 12 Jun 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. H. Jawahirullah|Dr. M. H. Jawahirullah]] |party=Manithaneya Makkal Katchi |votes=86,567 |percentage=44.22% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Gopinathan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=70,294 |percentage=35.90% |change=-9.35 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Rengasamy |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=19,778 |percentage=10.10% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Krishnakumar |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=14,724 |percentage=7.52% |change=+5.4 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Shantha |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=2,032 |percentage=1.04% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,204 |percentage=0.61% |change=-0.43 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,273 |percentage=8.31% |change= -5.04% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=195,778 |percentage=75.14% |change= -0.80% }}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=115|percentage=0.06% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 260,538 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Manithaneya Makkal Katchi |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.04% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2016 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Doraikkannu]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=82,614 |percentage=45.26% |change=-8.21 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. R. Loganathan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=58,249 |percentage=31.91% |change=-10.32 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. D. Jayakumar |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=18,599 |percentage=10.19% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Alayamani |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=4,963 |percentage=2.72% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. I. Humayun Kabir |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=3,864 |percentage=2.12% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Mohammed Farook |party=Social Democratic Party of India |votes=3,043 |percentage=1.67% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Chandrakasan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,896 |percentage=1.59% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Neithalur T. Gunasekaran |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,158 |percentage=1.18% |change=+0.19 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,911 |percentage=1.05% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Jagadeesh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,027 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,365 |percentage=13.35% |change= 2.10% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=182,548 |percentage=75.95% |change= -4.86% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 240,357 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -8.21% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2011 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Doraikkannu]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=85,635 |percentage=53.47% |change=+4.74 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Ramkumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=67,628 |percentage=42.22% |change=-0.82 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Mahendren |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,596 |percentage=1.00% |change=-0.3 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. A. Mohamed Gani |party=Independent politician |votes=1,231 |percentage=0.77% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Samba Vaidyanathan |party=Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha |votes=1,174 |percentage=0.73% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Thirumeni |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,082 |percentage=0.68% |change=-0.28 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,007 |percentage=11.24% |change= 5.56% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=160,162 |percentage=80.81% |change= 4.42% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 198,200 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 4.74% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Doraikkannu]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=60,027 |percentage=48.73% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Ramkumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=53,026 |percentage=43.05% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Maruthaiyan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=4,443 |percentage=3.61% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Vasudevan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,594 |percentage=1.29% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Sangeetha |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,174 |percentage=0.95% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. M. Mohan |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=1,145 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Annadurai |party=Independent politician |votes=897 |percentage=0.73% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Durai Burhanudeen |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=874 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,001 |percentage=5.68% |change= -0.30% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=123,180 |percentage=76.39% |change= 9.10% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 161,259 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= -1.64% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2001===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Ramkumar]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=55,830 |percentage=50.37% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Kalyana Sundaram |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=49,198 |percentage=44.38% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Sambath |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,480 |percentage=2.24% |change=-2.93 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Abdullah |party=Independent politician |votes=1,508 |percentage=1.36% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Senthamarai |party=Independent politician |votes=1,329 |percentage=1.20% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,632 |percentage=5.98% |change= -30.95% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=110,844 |percentage=67.29% |change= -4.09% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 164,795 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= -6.23% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N.Karuppana Udayar]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=58,757 |percentage=56.60% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Thirunavukkarasu |party=Independent politician |votes=20,415 |percentage=19.67% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. M. Mohan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=8,326 |percentage=8.02% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Arumugham |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=5,367 |percentage=5.17% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Varatharajan |party=Independent politician |votes=4,595 |percentage=4.43% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. M. Mani |party=Independent politician |votes=4,150 |percentage=4.00% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Palanichamy |party=Independent politician |votes=806 |percentage=0.78% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=38,342 |percentage=36.93% |change= 14.33% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=103,810 |percentage=71.38% |change= 1.07% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 155,985 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 0.46% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1991===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Rajaraman]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=54,445 |percentage=56.14% |change=+17.25 }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=S. Kalyana Sundaram |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,520 |percentage=33.53% |change=-4.19 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Gondindaraju |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=6,279 |percentage=6.47% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Kalimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,900 |percentage=1.96% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Sundaramoorthy |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,497 |percentage=1.54% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,925 |percentage=22.61% |change= 21.44% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=96,987 |percentage=70.30% |change= -3.79% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 142,902 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 17.25% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1989===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. Karuppiah Moopanar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=36,278 |percentage=38.89% |change=-19.64 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Kalyanasundaram |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=35,186 |percentage=37.72% |change=-1.44 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Raj Mohammed |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=12,868 |percentage=13.79% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Valampuri John |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,302 |percentage=8.90% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,092 |percentage=1.17% |change= -18.20% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=93,290 |percentage=74.09% |change= -6.36% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 128,105 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -19.64% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1984===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Rajaraman]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=52,202 |percentage=58.52% |change=+8.22 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sachidhanandam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,924 |percentage=39.15% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. S. Palanisami |party=Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) |votes=1,341 |percentage=1.50% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. R. Marimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=731 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,278 |percentage=19.37% |change= 15.26% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=89,198 |percentage=80.45% |change= 12.27% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 114,852 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 8.22% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Rajaraman]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=36,101 |percentage=50.30% |change=+16.9 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Govi. Narayanaswamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=33,152 |percentage=46.19% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. V. Soundararajan |party=Independent politician |votes=831 |percentage=1.16% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Nagaraja Moopanar |party=Independent politician |votes=698 |percentage=0.97% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Sakkarai Alias Gnana Prakasam |party=Janata Party |votes=560 |percentage=0.78% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,949 |percentage=4.11% |change= 1.91% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=71,766 |percentage=68.18% |change= -3.72% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 106,374 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 16.90% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1977===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. V. Soundararajan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,904 |percentage=33.40% |change=-10.38 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sachidhanandam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=23,268 |percentage=31.21% |change=-25 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. K. E. Abdullah |party=Independent politician |votes=20,714 |percentage=27.78% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. A. Jayaraman |party=Janata Party |votes=4,769 |percentage=6.40% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sevu Panickar |party=Independent politician |votes=898 |percentage=1.20% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,636 |percentage=2.19% |change= -10.23% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=74,553 |percentage=71.90% |change= -8.76% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 105,384 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -22.81% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1971===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Ganapathy (Thanjavur)|N. Ganapathy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=43,497 |percentage=56.21% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Ramakrishnan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=33,884 |percentage=43.79% |change=-12.78 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,613 |percentage=12.42% |change= -1.60% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=77,381 |percentage=80.66% |change= -1.42% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,563 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.36% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1967===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. S. Mooppanar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=41,323 |percentage=56.57% |change=+3.15 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. M. Sali |party=Independent politician |votes=31,077 |percentage=42.54% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. J. A. Samath |party=Independent politician |votes=647 |percentage=0.89% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,246 |percentage=14.03% |change= 7.19% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=73,047 |percentage=82.08% |change= 7.86% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,870 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 3.15% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1962===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. Subramanian |party=Indian National Congress |votes=33,144 |percentage=53.42% |change=+23.72 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Somasundram |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=28,904 |percentage=46.58% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,240 |percentage=6.83% |change= 1.16% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=62,048 |percentage=74.22% |change= -7.44% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,481 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 23.72% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Venkitachala Nattar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=38,971 |percentage=29.69% |change=-10.34% }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. Subramaniam (SC) |party=Indian National Congress |votes=31,531 |percentage=24.02% |change=-16.01% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Haritharanathan |party=Independent politician |votes=17,195 |percentage=13.10% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Tajudeen |party=Independent politician |votes=11,084 |percentage=8.44% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sami Ayya Pasumpadiyar |party=Independent politician |votes=9,364 |percentage=7.13% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Srinivasan Pillli |party=Independent politician |votes=7,788 |percentage=5.93% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pattammal (SC) |party=Independent politician |votes=6,075 |percentage=4.63% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chandrasekhara Udayar |party=Independent politician |votes=5,330 |percentage=4.06% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ayyaru (SC) |party=Independent politician |votes=3,914 |percentage=2.98% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,440 |percentage=5.67% |change=0.55% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,31,252 |percentage=81.66% |change= 23.02% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,60,721 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= -15.46% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1952===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Papanasam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Swayamprakasam |party=Independent politician |votes=22,134 |percentage=45.15% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Abdul Majeed Sahib |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,625 |percentage=40.03% |change=40.03% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Bhuvaraha Iyengar |party=Independent politician |votes=4,108 |percentage=8.38% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Panchapakesa Sastri |party=Independent politician |votes=3,158 |percentage=6.44% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,509 |percentage=5.12% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=49,025 |percentage=58.64% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,604 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> * {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|8.71|77.37|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Thanjavur district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jigyasa_University&diff=506255 2026-05-07T17:36:05Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: put up</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|University in Uttarakhand, India}}<br /> <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | image =<br /> | name = Jigyasa University<br /> | motto = वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्<br /> | established = 2003 ; 22 years ago<br /> | type = [[Private university|Private]]<br /> | affiliation = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]<br /> | endowment = <br /> | chairman = [[Dr. Subhash Chandra]]<br /> | president = Dr. Irfan Khan<br /> | vice_chancellor = Shankar Ramamoorthy<br /> | city = [[Dehradun]]<br /> | state = [[Uttarakhand]]<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | coor = {{coord|30.34113|N|77.87647|E|type:edu_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br /> | campus_type = [[Urban area|Urban]]<br /> | publictransit = <br /> | academic_staff = 50+<br /> | undergrad = 200+<br /> | postgrad = 100+<br /> | staff = <br /> | former_name = Himgiri Nabh Vishvidlaya&lt;br/&gt;Himgiri Zee University<br /> | website = {{Official website|https://www.jigyasuniversity.edu.in/}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | mapframe = yes<br /> }}<br /> '''Jigyasa University (formerly Himgiri Zee University)''' is a [[Private university (India)|Private university]] located in [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=34&amp;Unitype=3 | title=Private University Uttarakhand | publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] | access-date=17 January 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224042338/https://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=34&amp;Unitype=3 | archive-date=24 December 2017 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.unirank.org/in/uni/himgiri-zee-university/ | title=Himgiri ZEE University | publisher=unirank.org | access-date=17 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was initially established under the Uttaranchal State Act No. 17, 2003, and approved by the University Grants Commission (UGC) under Section 2(f). Following a name change to Jigyasa University, it is now established under the Uttarakhand Private University (Amendment) Act, 2024 (Act No. 5 of 2024). Located in Sherpur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, the university spans a 52-acre campus. Jigyasa University is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC) under Section 2(f) of the 1956 Act and is a member of the Association of Indian Universities (AIU). It also holds approvals from the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI), the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), and the Bar Council of India (BCI).&lt;ref name=&quot;r369&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author=Bar &amp;amp | title=Atal Bihari Vajpayee School of Legal Studies Kanpur wins the 1st National Moot by Himgiri Zee University Dehradun | website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news | date=1 May 2024 | url=https://www.barandbench.com/apprentice-lawyer/atal-bihari-vajpayee-school-of-legal-studies-kanpur-wins-the-1st-national-moot-by-himgiri-zee-university-dehradun | access-date=23 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;b402&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Indulia | first=Bhumika | title=1st National Moot Court Competition, 2024 [19th-21st April,2024] Register by 30th March | website=SCC Times | date=11 March 2024 | url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2024/03/11/himgiri-zee-university-dehradun-1st-national-moot-court-competition-2024-19th-21st-april2024-register-by-30th-march/ | access-date=23 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The university was founded by the TALEEM Research Foundation in Ahmedabad and led by Dr. Subhash Chandra,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Kandiyal |date=18 Oct 2024 |title=Leadership &amp; Jigyasa University |url=https://www.jigyasauniversity.edu.in/leadership |website=Meet Our Academic Leadership-Jigyasa University}}&lt;/ref&gt;Patron of the Jigyasa University, Dehradun. <br /> <br /> == Campus ==<br /> The Jigyasa University campus is equipped with a library, transportation services, a canteen, medical facilities, and separate hostels for male and female students.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Dehradun}}<br /> {{Universities in Uttarakhand}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Private universities in India]]<br /> [[Category:Universities in Uttarakhand]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges in Dehradun]]<br /> [[Category:Educational institutions established in 2003]]<br /> [[Category:2003 establishments in Uttarakhand]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Uttarakhand-university-stub}}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puducherry_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=527069 2026-05-07T11:14:29Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: Done - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Puducherry}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = LS<br /> | name = Puducherry &lt;Br&gt;{{Small|PY-1}}<br /> |map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Puducherry.map}}<br /> |map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency<br /> | established = 1967<br /> | mp = [[V. Vaithilingam]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | electors = 10,23,699 (2024)<br /> | state = <br /> | union_territory = Puducherry<br /> | assembly_cons = [[List of constituencies of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly|30]]: [[Mannadipet Assembly constituency|Mannadipet]], [[Thirubuvanai Assembly constituency|Thirubuvanai]], [[Ossudu Assembly constituency|Ossudu]], [[Mangalam Assembly constituency|Mangalam]], [[Villianur Assembly constituency|Villianur]], [[Ozhukarai Assembly constituency|Ozhukarai]], [[Kadirkamam Assembly constituency|Kadirkamam]], [[Indira Nagar Assembly constituency|Indira Nagar]], [[Thattanchavady Assembly constituency|Thattanchavady]], [[Kamaraj Nagar Assembly constituency|Kamaraj Nagar]], [[Lawspet Assembly constituency|Lawspet]], [[Kalapet Assembly constituency|Kalapett]], [[Muthialpet Assembly constituency|Muthialpet]], [[Raj Bhavan Assembly constituency|Raj Bhavan]], [[Oupalam Assembly constituency|Oupalam]], [[Orleampeth Assembly constituency|Orleampeth]], [[Nellithope Assembly constituency|Nellithope]], [[Mudaliarpet Assembly constituency|Mudaliarpet]], [[Ariankuppam Assembly constituency|Ariankuppam]], [[Manavely Assembly constituency|Manavely]], [[Embalam Assembly constituency|Embalam]], [[Nettapakkam Assembly constituency|Nettapakkam]], [[Bahour Assembly constituency|Bahour]], [[Nedungadu Assembly constituency|Nedungadu]], [[Thirunallar Assembly constituency|Thirunallar]], [[Karaikal North Assembly constituency|Karaikal North]], [[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]], [[Neravy T R Pattinam Assembly constituency|Neravy T R Pattinam]], [[Mahe Assembly constituency|Mahe]] and [[Yanam Assembly constituency|Yanam]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency''' covers the entire [[Union Territory]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. Pondicherry became a union territory after the implementation of the [[Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India]] in 1962&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend14.htm|title=The Constitution (Fourteenth Amendment) Act, 1962|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]]|access-date=26 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; and changed its name to Puducherry in 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bill-to-rename-pondicherry-as-puducherry-passed/article3093958.ece|title=Bill to rename Pondicherry as Puducherry passed|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[N. Ram]]|date=22 August 2006|access-date=26 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; This constituency first held elections in 1967 and its first member of parliament (MP) was [[Thirumudi N. Sethuraman]] of the [[Indian National Congress]].<br /> <br /> ==History of the constituency==<br /> [[Thirumudi N. Sethuraman|Sethuraman]] represented the [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]] in the 1971 election, which he lost to [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]] of the INC. The next election in 1977 was won by Aravinda Bala Pajanor of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK). [[P. Shanmugam (Pondicherry politician)|P. Shanmugam]] of the INC won the 1980 election and was re-elected in 1984 and 1989. [[M. O. H. Farook]] also of the INC served two terms from 1991 to 1998. In the 1998 election, S. Arumugham of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) was elected as MP. Farook was re-elected in 1999 to serve a third term as MP. The next election in 2004 was won by [[M. Ramadass]] of the [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] (PMK). [[V. Narayanasamy]] of the INC was elected in 2009 and was defeated in the next election in 2014 by [[R. Radhakrishnan (politician, born 1971)|R. Radhakrishnan]] of the [[All India N.R. Congress]]. Radhakrishnan's victory was the first time that the Lok Sabha seat was won by a member of a Puducherry regional party.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/AINRCs-Radhakrishnan-beats-Union-minister-Narayanasamy-wins-Puducherry-Lok-Sabha-seat/articleshow/35216784.cms|title=AINRC's Radhakrishnan beats Union minister Narayanasamy, wins Puducherry Lok Sabha seat|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|date=16 May 2014|access-date=26 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the 2019 Lok Sabha elections [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[V. Vaithilingam]] defeated [[All India N.R. Congress]] candidate Dr. Narayanasamy Kesavan by a record margin of 1,97,025 votes, this margin is the highest in the electoral history of Puducherry Parliamentary Constituency. In the 2024 Lok Sabha elections [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[V. Vaithilingam]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[A. Namassivayam]] by 1,36,516 votes, a reduced margin. [[Indian National Congress]] is the most successful party in this constituency by winning 10 out of 14 elections, in the other 4 elections, 2 times in 1977 and 2004 [[Indian National Congress]] party's alliance partners [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) and [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] (PMK) won respectively. 1 time in 2014, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s alliance partner [[All India N.R. Congress]] won.<br /> <br /> Prior to independence, the colony sent a member to the [[French establishments in India (constituency)|French National Assembly]].<br /> <br /> == Assembly segments ==<br /> The constituency presently comprises all the thirty segments of the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ceo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;font-size:75%&quot;|Constituency&lt;br/&gt;number<br /> !Name<br /> !MLA<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> !colspan=2|Party Leading &lt;br&gt;(in [[2024 Indian general election|2024]])<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background-color:grey&quot; | [[Puducherry district|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''Puducherry District'''&lt;/span&gt;]]<br /> |-<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Mannadipet Assembly constituency|Mannadipet]]<br /> |[[A. Namassivayam]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=7}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | [[Thirubuvanai Assembly constituency|Thirubuvanai]]<br /> |[[A. K. Sai J. Saravanan Kumar]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br /> |- <br /> | 3<br /> | [[Ossudu Assembly constituency|Ossudu]]<br /> |[[P. Karthikeyan (Puducherry politician)|P. Karthikeyan]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> | [[Mangalam Assembly constituency|Mangalam]]<br /> |[[N. Rangaswamy]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 5<br /> | [[Villianur Assembly constituency|Villianur]]<br /> |B. Ravicoumar <br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | [[Ozhukarai Assembly constituency|Ozhukarai]]<br /> |K. Narayanasamy <br /> |-<br /> | 7<br /> | [[Kadirkamam Assembly constituency|Kadirkamam]]<br /> |Azhagu<br /> |{{Party name with color|Independent politician|shortname=IND}}<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | [[Indira Nagar Assembly constituency|Indira Nagar]]<br /> |[[A. K. D. Arumugam]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> | [[Thattanchavady Assembly constituency|Thattanchavady]]<br /> |[[N. Rangaswamy]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=15}}<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> | [[Kamaraj Nagar Assembly constituency|Kamaraj Nagar]]<br /> |Jose Charles Martin<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:#043A6E&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | 11<br /> | [[Lawspet Assembly constituency|Lawspet]]<br /> |[[V. P. Sivakolundhu]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> | [[Kalapet Assembly constituency|Kalapet]]<br /> |Senthil<br /> |{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | 13<br /> | [[Muthialpet Assembly constituency|Muthialpet]]<br /> |Vaiyapuri Manikandan <br /> |{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 14<br /> | [[Raj Bhavan Assembly constituency|Raj Bhavan]]<br /> |Vignesh Kannan <br /> |{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | 15<br /> | [[Oupalam Assembly constituency|Oupalam]]<br /> |A. Anbalagan <br /> |{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | [[Orleampeth Assembly constituency|Orleampeth]]<br /> |[[G. Nehru Kuppusamy]]<br /> |{{party color cell|Neyam Makkal Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | 17<br /> | [[Nellithope Assembly constituency|Nellithope]]<br /> |V. Cartigueyane <br /> |{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | [[Mudaliarpet Assembly constituency|Mudaliarpet]]<br /> |[[A. Johnkumar]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 19<br /> | [[Ariankuppam Assembly constituency|Ariankuppam]]<br /> |C. Aiyappan<br /> |{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 20<br /> | [[Manavely Assembly constituency|Manavely]]<br /> |B. Ramu <br /> |{{Party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | 21<br /> | [[Embalam Assembly constituency|Embalam]]<br /> |E. Mohandoss <br /> |{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 22<br /> | [[Nettapakkam Assembly constituency|Nettapakkam]]<br /> |P. Rajavelu<br /> |-<br /> | 23<br /> | [[Bahour Assembly constituency|Bahour]]<br /> |R Senthilkumar<br /> |{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background-color:grey&quot; | [[Karaikal district|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''Karaikal District'''&lt;/span&gt;]]<br /> |-<br /> | 24<br /> | [[Nedungadu Assembly constituency|Nedungadu]]<br /> |V. Vigneswaran<br /> |{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)|shortname=IND}}<br /> |{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> | 25<br /> | [[Thirunallar Assembly constituency|Thirunallar]]<br /> |G. N. S. Rajasekaran <br /> |{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | [[Karaikal North Assembly constituency|Karaikal North]]<br /> |[[P. R. N. Thirumurugan]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 27<br /> | [[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]]<br /> |[[A. M. H. Nazeem]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | 28<br /> | [[Neravy T R Pattinam Assembly constituency|Neravy T R Pattinam]]<br /> |T. K. S. M. Meenatchisundaram<br /> |{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background-color:grey&quot; | [[Mahé district|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''Mahe District'''&lt;/span&gt;]]<br /> |-<br /> | 29<br /> | [[Mahe Assembly constituency|Mahe]]<br /> |Adv. T. Ashok Kumar <br /> |{{Party name with color|Independent politician|shortname=IND}}<br /> |{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background-color:grey&quot; | [[Yanam district|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''Yanam District'''&lt;/span&gt;]]<br /> |-<br /> | 30<br /> | [[Yanam Assembly constituency|Yanam]]<br /> |[[Malladi Krishna Rao]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br /> |{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Members of Parliament==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Election!!Member!!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<br /> | [[Thirumudi N. Sethuraman]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<br /> | [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<br /> | [[Aravinda Bala Pajanor]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]<br /> |rowspan=3|[[P. Shanmugam (Pondicherry politician)|P. Shanmugam]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1984 Indian general election|1984]] <br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[M. O. H. Farook]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]<br /> | S. Arumugham<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br /> | [[M. O. H. Farook]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br /> | [[M. Ramadass]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br /> | [[V. Narayanasamy]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br /> | [[R. Radhakrishnan (politician, born 1971)|R. Radhakrishnan]]<br /> |style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}&quot; |<br /> | [[All India N.R. Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br /> | rowspan=2|[[V. Vaithilingam]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2024|2024]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|52.73}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2019|2019]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|56.27}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2014|2014]]|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}|34.57}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2009|2009]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|49.41}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2004|2004]]|{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}|49.95}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1999|1999]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|37.17}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1998|1998]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|41.11}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|39.97}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|53.07}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.47}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|58.86}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|66.45}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.32}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|66.27}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|39.83}}<br /> }}<br /> === General election 2024===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Indian general election]] : [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link | |candidate= [[V. Vaithilingam]]<br /> |party=Indian National Congress<br /> |votes= 426,005 <br /> |percentage=52.73 <br /> |change= {{decrease}}3.54<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link | |candidate=[[A. Namassivayam]]<br /> |party=Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes=289,489<br /> |percentage=35.83 <br /> |change= ''N/A''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=R. Meneka|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=39,603|percentage=4.90|change={{increase}}2.01}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=G. Thamizhvendhan|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=25,165|percentage=3.11|change=''N/A''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=9,763|percentage=1.21|change={{decrease}}0.33}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=136,516 |percentage=16.90 |change={{decrease}}8.01 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=807,940|percentage=78.92|change={{decrease}}2.33}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,023,699 |change =}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress|loser= |swing= -3.54 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === General election 2019 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate=[[V. Vaithilingam]]<br /> |votes=4,44,981<br /> |percentage=56.27<br /> |change={{increase}}29.92<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=All India N.R. Congress<br /> |candidate=K. Narayanasamy<br /> |votes=2,47,956<br /> |percentage=31.36<br /> |change={{decrease}}3.21<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate=Mohammad Subramanian<br /> |votes=38,068<br /> |percentage=4.81<br /> |change={{increase}}4.81<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi<br /> |candidate=N. Sharmila Beham<br /> |votes=22,857<br /> |percentage=2.89<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate=N. Tamizh Marane<br /> |votes=4,791<br /> |percentage=0.61<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate=M. Krishnamurthy<br /> |votes=3,579<br /> |percentage=0.45<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate=A. G .Pathimaraj<br /> |votes=2,689<br /> |percentage=0.34<br /> |change=+0.06<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate=Ims. Balaji Naikar<br /> |votes=2,546<br /> |percentage=0.32<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party=AIMK<br /> |candidate=K. Arunachalam<br /> |votes=2,201<br /> |percentage=0.28<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate=D. Ramesh<br /> |votes=1,653<br /> |percentage=0.21<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party=PDDP<br /> |candidate=S. Baskaran<br /> |votes=1,319<br /> |percentage=0.17<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)<br /> |candidate=U. Muthu<br /> |votes=1,285<br /> |percentage=0.16<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate=S. Thangavelu<br /> |votes=1,002<br /> |percentage=0.13<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate=Krishna Rajan Don<br /> |votes=1,000<br /> |percentage=0.12<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation<br /> |candidate=S. Mothilal<br /> |votes=905<br /> |percentage=0.11<br /> |change=+0.05<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate=Tiravitamankai <br /> |votes=870<br /> |percentage=0.11<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party=ACDP<br /> |candidate=S. Thirugnanam<br /> |votes=674<br /> |percentage=0.09<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate=V. Ramamurthi<br /> |votes=642<br /> |percentage=0.08<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate=K. Ramadass<br /> |votes=543<br /> |percentage=0.07<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=None of the above<br /> |candidate=None of the above<br /> |votes=12,199<br /> |percentage=1.54<br /> |change=N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes =1,97,025<br /> |percentage =24.91<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes=7,90,895<br /> |percentage=81.25<br /> |change=<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = All India N.R. Congress<br /> |swing = +29.92<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 2014===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]&lt;ref name=turnout&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|title=Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election – 2014|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=17 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210941/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|archive-date=2 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523230654/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU071.htm?ac=1|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU071.htm?ac=1|title=Puducherry|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=1 June 2014|archive-date=23 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India N.R. Congress<br /> |candidate = [[R. Radhakrishnan (politician, born 1971)|R. Radhakrishnan]]<br /> |votes = 2,55,826<br /> |percentage = 34.57<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[V. Narayanasamy]]<br /> |votes = 1,94,972<br /> |percentage = 26.35<br /> |change = -23.06<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = M. V. Omalingam<br /> |votes = 1,32,657<br /> |percentage = 17.93<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[A. M. H. Nazeem]]<br /> |votes = 60,580<br /> |percentage = 8.19<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Pattali Makkal Katchi<br /> |candidate =R. K. R. Anantharaman<br /> |votes = 22,754<br /> |percentage = 3.07<br /> |change = -31.25<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India<br /> |candidate = [[R. Viswanathan (CPI politician)|R. Viswanathan]]<br /> |votes = 12,709<br /> |percentage = 1.72<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Aam Aadmi Party<br /> |candidate =V. Rangarajan<br /> |votes = 8,307<br /> |percentage = 1.12<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =Sanjivganthi S.<br /> |votes = 5,896<br /> |percentage = 0.80<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =P. Asaravel<br /> |votes = 3,472<br /> |percentage = 0.47<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =M. Ramadass<br /> |votes = 2,494<br /> |percentage = 0.34<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate =S. Krishnamoorthy<br /> |votes = 2,060<br /> |percentage = 0.28<br /> |change = -0.33<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =S. Ezhilarasan<br /> |votes = 1,777<br /> |percentage = 0.24<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =G. Shanmugam<br /> |votes = 1,726<br /> |percentage = 0.23<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =Ramamurthi<br /> |votes = 1,442<br /> |percentage = 0.19<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =M. Chittibabu<br /> |votes = 1,340<br /> |percentage = 0.18<br /> |change = -0.66<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =S. Sudarsanan<br /> |votes = 1,270<br /> |percentage = 0.17<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =K. Ramadass<br /> |votes = 1,236<br /> |percentage = 0.17<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =J. Dhandapani<br /> |votes = 1,144<br /> |percentage = 0.15<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =K. Manjini<br /> |votes = 767<br /> |percentage = 0.10<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =Kaliayamurthy<br /> |votes = 747<br /> |percentage = 0.10<br /> |change = -0.24<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =V. Vijaya<br /> |votes = 746<br /> |percentage = 0.10<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =P. Bakkiaraj<br /> |votes = 610<br /> |percentage = 0.08<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =R. Valavan<br /> |votes = 497<br /> |percentage = 0.07<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =I. Senthil Kumar<br /> |votes = 477<br /> |percentage = 0.06<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =G. Sutha<br /> |votes = 467<br /> |percentage = 0.06<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =Puvala Nageswara Rao<br /> |votes = 465<br /> |percentage = 0.06<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation<br /> |candidate =G. Palani<br /> |votes = 438<br /> |percentage = 0.06<br /> |change = -0.08<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Samata Party<br /> |candidate = Marie Uthrianathan<br /> |votes = 366<br /> |percentage = 0.05<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |candidate =S. Chitrakala<br /> |votes = 309<br /> |percentage = 0.04<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate =P. Dhanarasu<br /> |votes = 198<br /> |percentage = 0.03<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = None of the above<br /> |votes = 22,268<br /> |percentage = 3.06<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 60,854<br /> |percentage = 8.22<br /> |change = -6.87<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 740,017 <br /> |percentage = 82.10<br /> |change = +2.36<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = All India N.R. Congress<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 2009===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: Puducherry&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|title=Constituency Wise Detailed Results |pages=196–197|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|archive-date=11 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[V. Narayanasamy]]<br /> |votes = 300,391<br /> |percentage = 49.41<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Pattali Makkal Katchi<br /> |candidate = [[M. Ramadass]]<br /> |votes = 208,619<br /> |percentage = 34.32<br /> |change =-15.63<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = K. A. U. Asanaa<br /> |votes = 52,638<br /> |percentage = 8.66<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = M. Visweswaran<br /> |votes = 13,442<br /> |percentage = 2.21<br /> |change = -33.44<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = M. Chittibabu<br /> |votes = 5,103<br /> |percentage = 0.84<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = V. Lingamurthy<br /> |votes = 4,179<br /> |percentage = 0.69<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = M. Somasundaram<br /> |votes = 3,697<br /> |percentage = 0.61<br /> |change =+0.06<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Sivaraman V.<br /> |votes = 2,439<br /> |percentage = 0.40<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Kaliamurthy K.<br /> |votes = 2,074<br /> |percentage = 0.34<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = V. Rajendran<br /> |votes = 1,810<br /> |percentage = 0.30<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Manimaran<br /> |votes = 1,532<br /> |percentage = 0.25<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = V. Saravanan<br /> |votes = 1,425<br /> |percentage = 0.23<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Veeramuthu A.<br /> |votes = 1,239<br /> |percentage = 0.20<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation<br /> |candidate = S. Balasubramaniam<br /> |votes = 839<br /> |percentage = 0.14<br /> |change =-0.14<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = G. Subramaniyan<br /> |votes = 757<br /> |percentage = 0.12<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = V. Ramamurthy<br /> |votes = 662<br /> |percentage = 0.11<br /> |change =-0.21<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = A. Rajasekar<br /> |votes = 656<br /> |percentage = 0.11<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Pyramid Party of India<br /> |candidate = Pradeep Aniruddh<br /> |votes = 627<br /> |percentage = 0.10<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Arunachalam K.<br /> |votes = 597<br /> |percentage = 0.10<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party = Kamraj Desiya Congress<br /> |candidate = S. Govindaswamy<br /> |votes = 570<br /> |percentage = 0.09<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha<br /> |candidate = S. Gnanavel<br /> |votes = 456<br /> |percentage = 0.08<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = P. Vijayabaskar<br /> |votes = 449<br /> |percentage = 0.07<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = R. Narayanan<br /> |votes = 422<br /> |percentage = 0.07<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Murugaiyan K. S.<br /> |votes = 378<br /> |percentage = 0.06<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Muppadai Mathimaharaja<br /> |votes = 378<br /> |percentage = 0.06<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = I. M. Sekar<br /> |votes = 375<br /> |percentage = 0.06<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Mohamed Yousuf S. A.<br /> |votes = 298<br /> |percentage = 0.05<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 91,772<br /> |percentage = 15.09<br /> |change = +0.79<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 607,948 <br /> |percentage = 79.74<br /> |change = +3.67<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = Pattali Makkal Katchi<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 2004===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: Pondicherry&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718190634/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=362}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Pattali Makkal Katchi<br /> |candidate = [[M. Ramadass]]<br /> |votes = 241,653<br /> |percentage = 49.95<br /> |change = +18.22<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Lalitha Kumaramangalam]]<br /> |votes = 172,472<br /> |percentage = 35.65<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |candidate = K. Nambiyar<br /> |votes = 27,546<br /> |percentage = 5.69<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = P. R. N. Thirumurugan<br /> |votes = 10,930<br /> |percentage = 2.26<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Z. M. Taher<br /> |votes = 5,175<br /> |percentage = 1.07<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Thanga Devadas<br /> |votes = 4,085<br /> |percentage = 0.84<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = S. Syad Faruk<br /> |votes = 3,172<br /> |percentage = 0.66<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = M. Rangadas<br /> |votes = 2,891<br /> |percentage = 0.60<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Thanga Kalaimaran<br /> |votes = 2,665<br /> |percentage = 0.55<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = P. Anburaj<br /> |votes = 1,684<br /> |percentage = 0.35<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Janata Party<br /> |candidate = S. Ponnurangam<br /> |votes = 1,601<br /> |percentage = 0.33<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = V. Ramamurthy<br /> |votes = 1,571<br /> |percentage = 0.32<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation<br /> |candidate = S. Balasubramanian<br /> |votes = 1,359<br /> |percentage = 0.28<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |candidate = G. Sundaramoorthy<br /> |votes = 1,328<br /> |percentage = 0.27<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = N. Sabith<br /> |votes = 1,158<br /> |percentage = 0.24<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = N. Senthilmurugan<br /> |votes = 977<br /> |percentage = 0.20<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = E. Kuppan<br /> |votes = 906<br /> |percentage = 0.19<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = J. Ramadass<br /> |votes = 894<br /> |percentage = 0.18<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = S. Elangovan<br /> |votes = 673<br /> |percentage = 0.14<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = G. Krishnaraj<br /> |votes = 556<br /> |percentage = 0.11<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = R. Natarajan<br /> |votes = 520<br /> |percentage = 0.11<br /> |change =N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 69,181<br /> |percentage = 14.30<br /> |change = +8.86<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 483,816<br /> |percentage = 76.07<br /> |change = +12.80<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Pattali Makkal Katchi<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = +18.22<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 1999===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election]]: Pondicherry&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=265}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[M. O. H. Farook]]<br /> |votes = 165,108<br /> |percentage = 37.17<br /> |change = +5.05<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Pattali Makkal Katchi<br /> |candidate = [[M. Ramadass]]<br /> |votes = 140,920<br /> |percentage = 31.73<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = P. Kannan<br /> |party = Tamil Maanila Congress<br /> |votes = 111,737<br /> |percentage = 25.16<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Kalivardhan<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 9,452<br /> |percentage = 2.13<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = A. Ramalingam<br /> |party =Independent (politician) <br /> |votes = 5,562<br /> |percentage = 1.25<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = T. Ashok Kumar<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 5,179<br /> |percentage = 1.17<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[K. Padmarajan]]<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 2,700<br /> |percentage = 0.61<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = S. Paramasivam<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 2,155<br /> |percentage = 0.49<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Surendra Kumar Gupta<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 1,349<br /> |percentage = 0.30<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 24,188<br /> |percentage = 5.44<br /> |change = -3.55<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 444,174<br /> |percentage = 63.27<br /> |change = +0.41<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 1998===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: Pondicherry&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha| publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=270}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = S. Arumugham<br /> |votes = 168,122<br /> |percentage = 41.11<br /> |change = +1.20<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[P. Shanmugam (Pondicherry politician)|P. Shanmugam]]<br /> |votes = 131,348<br /> |percentage = 32.12<br /> |change = -7.85<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Lucky R. Perumal<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |votes = 102,622<br /> |percentage = 25.10<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = S. K. C. Guedjendirane<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = 2,589<br /> |percentage = 0.63<br /> |change = -0.24<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = T. Sanjeevi<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |votes = 1,397<br /> |percentage = 0.34<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = D. Deenadhayalan<br /> |party = Indian Congress (Socialist)<br /> |votes = 1,222<br /> |percentage = 0.30<br /> |change = -0.53<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |candidate = Balasami<br /> |party = Ajeya Bharat Party<br /> |votes = 736<br /> |percentage = 0.18<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = R. Sadhasivam<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 709<br /> |percentage = 0.17<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = G. Sarangam<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 173<br /> |percentage = 0.04<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 36,774<br /> |percentage = 8.99<br /> |change = +8.93<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 417,786<br /> |percentage = 62.86<br /> |change = -12.49<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 1996===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: Pondicherry&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183504/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|pages=497–498}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[M. O. H. Farook]]<br /> |votes = 183,986<br /> |percentage = 39.97<br /> |change = -13.10<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = S. Arumugham<br /> |votes = 183,702<br /> |percentage = 39.91<br /> |change = +4.10<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = S. Thiyagarajan<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = 20,351<br /> |percentage = 4.42<br /> |change = +2.45<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Bavany Madura Cavy<br /> |party = Pattali Makkal Katchi<br /> |votes = 19,792<br /> |percentage = 4.30<br /> |change = +0.89<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = R. Balasubramanian<br /> |party = Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |votes = 13,397<br /> |percentage = 2.91<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = K. Manivannan<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 8,801<br /> |percentage = 1.91<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = M. P. Mathimaharaja<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 7,425<br /> |percentage = 1.61<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = S. K. C. Guedjendirane<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = 4,005<br /> |percentage = 0.87<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = D. Deenadayalan<br /> |party = Indian Congress (Socialist)<br /> |votes = 3,819<br /> |percentage = 0.83<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = G. Thiruvengadam<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 1,922<br /> |percentage = 0.42<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = C. R. Tirougnana Sambandam<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 1,866<br /> |percentage = 0.41<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = L. Vengataraman<br /> |party = Janata Party<br /> |votes = 1,823<br /> |percentage = 0.40<br /> |change = -0.57<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Eswara Rao Geddam<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 1,795<br /> |percentage = 0.39<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = S. Dayalane<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 1,513<br /> |percentage = 0.33<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = T. Sivasubramanian<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 1,394<br /> |percentage = 0.30<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = T. Saravanan<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 1,392<br /> |percentage = 0.30<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = G. Elumalai<br /> |party =Independent (politician) <br /> |votes = 806<br /> |percentage = 0.18<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = V. Nadarajan<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 794<br /> |percentage = 0.17<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = S. Kamaraj<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 791<br /> |percentage = 0.17<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[K. Padmarajan]]<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 497<br /> |percentage = 0.11<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = P. Vijayakumar<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 451<br /> |percentage = 0.10<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 284<br /> |percentage = 0.06<br /> |change = -17.20<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 477,437<br /> |percentage = 75.35<br /> |change = +7.64<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 1991===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election]]: Pondicherry&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183558/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=328}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[M. O. H. Farook]]<br /> |votes = 207,922<br /> |percentage = 53.07<br /> |change = +2.60<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = P. K. Lognathan<br /> |votes = 140,313<br /> |percentage = 35.81<br /> |change = -5.84<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate =Bavani Maduracavi<br /> |party = Pattali Makkal Katchi<br /> |votes = 13,375<br /> |percentage = 3.41<br /> |change = -3.22<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = J. R. Ramasami<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = 7,728<br /> |percentage = 1.97<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = A. V. Ramakrishnan<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 5,223<br /> |percentage = 1.33<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate =K. Chandresekharan<br /> |party = Janata Party<br /> |votes = 3,802<br /> |percentage = 0.97<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = M. Arumai Selvam<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 3,499<br /> |percentage = 0.89<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |candidate = D. Joseph Raj<br /> |party = Tharasu Makkal Mandaram<br /> |votes = 3,421<br /> |percentage = 0.87<br /> |change = +0.62<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Awadh Kishore Bhaiya<br /> |party = Doordarshi Party<br /> |votes = 2,323<br /> |percentage = 0.59<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |candidate = S. Ramassamy<br /> |party = Pondicherry Mannila Makkal Munnani<br /> |votes = 2,259<br /> |percentage = 0.58<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = P. K. Magappan<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 944<br /> |percentage = 0.24<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |candidate = G. Thiruvengadam<br /> |party = Bharatiya Krishi Udyog Sangh<br /> |votes = 548<br /> |percentage = 0.14<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Amaan Khan<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 426<br /> |percentage = 0.11<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 67,609<br /> |percentage = 17.26<br /> |change = +8.44<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 401,741<br /> |percentage = 67.71<br /> |change = +1.00<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 1989===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Indian general election]]: Pondicherry&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=300}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[P. Shanmugam (Pondicherry politician)|P. Shanmugam]]<br /> |votes = 190,562<br /> |percentage = 50.47<br /> |change = -8.39<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = N. Manimaran<br /> |votes = 157,250<br /> |percentage = 41.65<br /> |change = +5.58<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Bavany Maduracayy<br /> |party = Pattali Makkal Katchi<br /> |votes = 25,021<br /> |percentage = 6.63<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |candidate = C. Balamuthuval<br /> |party = Lok Dal (Bahugana)<br /> |votes = 965<br /> |percentage = 0.26<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |candidate = P. D. Panneer Salvan<br /> |party = Tharasu Makkal Mandaram<br /> |votes = 943<br /> |percentage = 0.25<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = R. Aranganathan<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 723<br /> |percentage = 0.19<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = M. Kandeeban<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 538<br /> |percentage = 0.14<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = G. Thiruvengadam<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 503<br /> |percentage = 0.13<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = M. Manimaran<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 440<br /> |percentage = 0.12<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Davulury Nageswara Rao<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 345<br /> |percentage = 0.09<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Kanakmull Jain<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 298<br /> |percentage = 0.08<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 33,312<br /> |percentage = 8.82<br /> |change = -13.97<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 383,306<br /> |percentage = 66.71<br /> |change = -5.57<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 1984===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1984 Indian general election]]: Pondicherry&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|pages=249–250}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[P. Shanmugam (Pondicherry politician)|P. Shanmugam]]<br /> |votes = 159,376<br /> |percentage = 58.86<br /> |change = -7.59<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = C. P. Thirunavukkarasu<br /> |votes = 97,672<br /> |percentage = 36.07<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = S. Ramassamy<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 6,190<br /> |percentage = 2.29<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = A. L. N. Kumarassamy<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 1,925<br /> |percentage = 0.71<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = S. Sukumaran<br /> |party = Indian Congress (Socialist)<br /> |votes = 1,794<br /> |percentage = 0.66<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = N. Ramu<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 1,261<br /> |percentage = 0.47<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = P. Rajasegaran<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 873<br /> |percentage = 0.32<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = N. Gajendra Baskara<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 664<br /> |percentage = 0.25<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = V. T. R. Veerappa Gounder<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 604<br /> |percentage = 0.22<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Angappan alias Rousseau Angappan<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 422<br /> |percentage = 0.16<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 61,704<br /> |percentage = 22.79<br /> |change = -17.00<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 275,654<br /> |percentage = 72.28<br /> |change = -8.08<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress (Indira)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 1980===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1980 Indian general election]]: Pondicherry&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|pages=250–251}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress (Indira)<br /> |candidate = [[P. Shanmugam (Pondicherry politician)|P. Shanmugam]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:164589}}<br /> |percentage = 66.45<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Janata Party<br /> |candidate = M. R. Lakshminarayanan<br /> |votes = 66,025<br /> |percentage = 26.66<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = P. Devaraj<br /> |party = Janata Party (Secular)<br /> |votes = 17,067<br /> |percentage = 6.89<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 98,564<br /> |percentage = 39.79<br /> |change = +30.91<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:256539}}<br /> |percentage = 80.36<br /> |change = +6.73<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress (Indira)<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 1977===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1977 Indian general election]]: Pondicherry&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=203}}&lt;/ref&gt; }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[Aravinda Bala Pajanor|A. Bala Pajanor]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:115302}}<br /> |percentage = 53.32<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation)<br /> |candidate = Ansari Duraisamy<br /> |votes = 96,101<br /> |percentage = 44.44<br /> |change = +16.48<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Ramu alias Subramanian N.<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 3,921<br /> |percentage = 1.81<br /> |change = N/A <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Gadjindra Baskar<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 920<br /> |percentage = 0.43<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 19,201<br /> |percentage = 8.88<br /> |change = -29.43<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:219560}}<br /> |percentage = 73.63<br /> |change = +3.53<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 1971===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1971 Indian general election]]: Pondicherry&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=204}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress (R)<br /> |candidate = [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:112714}}<br /> |percentage = 66.27<br /> |change = +26.44<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) <br /> |candidate = [[Thirumudi N. Sethuraman]]<br /> |votes = 47,550<br /> |percentage = 27.96<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate =A. Balasubramanian<br /> |party =Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 6,745<br /> |percentage = 3.97<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate =D. Krishnasamy<br /> |party =Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 3,079<br /> |percentage = 1.81<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 65,164<br /> |percentage = 38.31<br /> |change = +31.75<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:172992}}<br /> |percentage = 70.10<br /> |change = -4.75<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress (R)<br /> |swing = +26.44<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===General election 1967===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Indian general election]]: Pondicherry&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=190}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Thirumudi N. Sethuraman]]<br /> |votes = 63,286<br /> |percentage = 39.83<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = S. Sadagopan<br /> |votes = 52,861<br /> |percentage = 33.27<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |candidate = K. Subbiah<br /> |party = Peoples Front<br /> |votes = 42,725<br /> |percentage = 26.89<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 10,425<br /> |percentage = 6.56<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:162193}}<br /> |percentage = 74.85<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br /> * [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]<br /> * [[List of chief ministers of Puducherry]]<br /> * [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Puducherry]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> * [https://www.loksabhaelections.in/puducherry Puducherry Lok Sabha Election 2019 Results Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606084429/https://www.loksabhaelections.in/puducherry |date=6 June 2019 }}<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> {{Puducherry elections}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Puducherry|Lok Sabha]]<br /> [[Category:Elections in Puducherry]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramayana_Part_1&diff=529177 2026-05-06T16:32:20Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: Article - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:RfD|||month = May<br /> |day = 6<br /> |year = 2026<br /> |time = 16:32<br /> |timestamp = 20260506163220<br /> &lt;!-- The above content is generated by {{subst:Rfd}}. --&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- End of RFD message. Don't edit anything above here. Feel free to edit below here, but do NOT change the redirect's target. --&gt;|content=<br /> #REDIRECT [[Ranbir Kapoor]]<br /> {{R from upcoming film}}<br /> {{R to section}}<br /> {{R printworthy}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian drama films]]<br /> &lt;!-- Don't add anything after this line unless you're drafting a disambiguation page or article to replace the redirect. --&gt;<br /> }}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Indian_military_missiles&diff=512448 2026-05-06T12:52:50Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: put up initial pg w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|List of missiles of Indian Armed Forces}}<br /> {{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Dynamic list|multiple=yes|date=November 2023}}<br /> The [[Indian Armed Forces]] uses various types of [[ballistic missile|ballistic]] and [[cruise missiles]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/list-of-missiles-of-india-type-range-and-key-facts-explained-1732799837-1|title=List of Missiles of India|work=[[Jagran Josh]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Military Balance 2024|publisher=[[International Institute of Strategic Studies]]|year=2024|isbn=978-1-032-78004-7|pages=269–270}}&lt;/ref&gt; In India, the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] is the major body that is involved in the research and development of missiles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/technical-clusters/missiles-and-strategic-systems|title=Missiles and strategic systems|work=[[DRDO]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Public sector units]] and some of the private organizations are involved in the manufacture of the missiles, often in collaboration with foreign manufacturers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.equitymaster.com/detail.asp?date=06/12/2024&amp;story=5&amp;title=Which-Companies-Manufacture-Defence-Equipment-in-India|title=Which Companies Manufacture Defence Equipment in India?|work=Equity master|access-date=30 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; India also procures missiles from foreign manufacturers and agencies.&lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://armstransfers.sipri.org/ArmsTransfer/TransferData/transferResults?logic=on|title=Arms trade details|work=[[SIPRI]]|access-date=1 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Anti-tank==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center|100px; font-size: 85%; width:95em;&quot;<br /> ! Family<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Designer<br /> ! Guidance<br /> ! Range<br /> ! {{tooltip|Speed|Maximum Speed}}<br /> ! Warhead<br /> ! {{tooltip|Intr.|Introduction}}<br /> ! Status<br /> ! Image<br /> ! {{tooltip|Ref.|Source}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[9M113 Konkurs]]<br /> | 9M113-M<br /> | [[Man-portable anti-tank systems|Man-portable]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> |{{Flagicon|USSR}} [[KBP Instrument Design Bureau|Tula KBP]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wire-guided missile|Wire-guided]] [[Semi-automatic command to line of sight|SACLOS]]<br /> | {{cvt|4|km}}<br /> | 208 m/s<br /> | [[Tandem-charge|Tandem]] &lt;br&gt; [[High-explosive anti-tank|HEAT]] &lt;br&gt; 2.7&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 1991<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|In service<br /> | [[File:Airborne_troops_of_Russia_&amp;_SOF_of_Belarus_01.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[9K114 Shturm]]<br /> | [[Land-attack missile|Land-attack]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> |{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[KB Mashinostroyeniya|KBM]]<br /> | {{cvt|5|km}}<br /> | 345 m/s<br /> | [[High-explosive anti-tank|HEAT]] &lt;br&gt; 5.3&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 1999<br /> | [[File:9M114_Shturm_ATGM_in_Park_Patriot_02.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[9K121 Vikhr]]<br /> | Vikhr-AT<br /> | [[Air-launched ballistic missile|Air-launched]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[KBP Instrument Design Bureau|KBP]]<br /> | [[Beam riding]]<br /> | {{cvt|12|km}}<br /> | 610 m/s<br /> | [[Tandem-charge|Tandem]] &lt;br&gt; [[High-explosive anti-tank|HEAT]] &lt;br&gt; 12&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 2004<br /> | [[File:9K121_Vikhr.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[9M133 Kornet]]<br /> | [[Land-attack missile|Land-attack]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> | [[Semi-automatic command to line of sight|SACLOS]] [[beam riding]]<br /> | {{cvt|8|km}}<br /> | 350 m/s<br /> | [[Tandem-charge|Tandem]] &lt;br&gt; [[High-explosive anti-tank|HEAT]] &lt;br&gt; 4.6&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[File:Kornet-EM_at_Engineering_Technologies_2012_Missile_Launcher.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[AGM-114 Hellfire]]<br /> | Hellfire-2<br /> | [[Air-launched ballistic missile|Air-launched]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Lockheed Martin]]<br /> | [[Laser guidance]]<br /> | {{cvt|1|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 1.3<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Tandem-charge|Tandem]] &lt;br&gt; [[High-explosive anti-tank|HEAT]]<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[File:Lockheed_Martin_Longbow_Hellfire.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Spike (missile)|Spike]]<br /> | Spike-MR<br /> | [[Man-portable anti-tank systems|Man-portable]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems|Rafael]]<br /> | [[Infrared homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|2.5|km}}<br /> |<br /> | 2023<br /> | [[File:SPIKE_ATGM.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Nag (missile)|Nag]]<br /> | [[Prospina]]<br /> | [[Land-attack missile|Land-attack]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | {{Flagicon|India}} [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Charge-coupled device]] &lt;br&gt; [[Infrared homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|4|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 230 m/s<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Tandem-charge|Tandem]] &lt;br&gt; [[High-explosive anti-tank|HEAT]] &lt;br&gt; 8&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 2016<br /> | [[File:NAG Test.png|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.janes.com/article/89985/india-s-nag-atgm-ready-for-series-production-says-mod |title=India's Nag ATGM ready for series production, says MoD |work=Jane's 360| access-date=14 November 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Nag (missile)#HeliNa|HeliNa/Dhruvastra]]<br /> | [[Air-launched ballistic missile|Air-launched]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> | {{cvt|10|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; | TBD<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; | In development<br /> |[[File:Helina missile successfully test fired from Dhruv helicopter at Pokhran ranges on April 11, 2022 - 1.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/indigenous-anti-tank-guided-missile-system-helina-successfully-flight-tested/articleshow/65507706.cms |title=Indigenous anti-tank guided missile system HELINA successfully flight tested |date=23 August 2018 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=14 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Nag (missile)#SANT|Stand off Anti-Tank missile]]<br /> | [[Standoff missile|Standoff]] [[Air-launched ballistic missile|Air-launched]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> | [[Charge-coupled device]] &lt;br&gt; [[Extremely high frequency|Millimeter wave]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]] <br /> | {{cvt|20|km}}<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/upgraded-sant-missile-successfully-flight-tested/articleshow/66872743.cms |title=Upgraded SANT missile successfully flight tested |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=14 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[MPATGM]]<br /> | [[Man-portable anti-tank systems|Man-portable]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> |<br /> | {{cvt|2.5|km}}<br /> |<br /> | [[File:MPATGM_launched_in_final_deliverable_configuration.jpg|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/drdo-successfully-tests-indigenous-anti-tank-missile/article29394941.ece |title=DRDO successfully tests indigenous anti-tank missile |date=11 September 2019 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=14 November 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[DRDO Anti Tank Missile]]<br /> | [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> | [[Wire-guided missile|Wire guided]]<br /> | {{cvt|1.6|km}}<br /> | 0.91 m/s<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[High-explosive anti-tank|HEAT]]<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Joseph |first1=P. Chacko |title=The first ATM |url=http://frontierindia.net/the-first-atm |work=Frontier India|date=19 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612165617/http://frontierindia.net/the-first-atm|archive-date=12 June 2012 |access-date=20 July 2021 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Amogha missile]]<br /> | [[Amogha missile|Amogha-1]]<br /> | [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | {{Flagicon|India}} [[Bharat Dynamics Limited|Bharat Dynamics]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Semi-automatic command to line of sight]]<br /> | {{cvt|2.8|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Anti-tank guided missile test-fired |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/antitank-guided-missile-testfired/article7656731.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=16 September 2015 |access-date=14 November 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Amogha missile#Amogha-II|Amogha-II]]<br /> | [[Air-launched ballistic missile|Air-launched]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> | {{cvt|2.8|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bharat Heavy Dynamics test fires indigenous anti-tank missile |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/bharat-heavy-dynamics-test-fires-indigenous-anti-tank-missile/articleshow/48975211.cms |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=14 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Amogha missile#Amogha-III|Amogha-III]]<br /> | [[Man-portable anti-tank systems|Man-portable]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> | [[Imaging infrared]] &lt;br&gt; [[Electro-optical sensor|Electro-optical]]<br /> | {{cvt|2.5|km}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[SAMHO (missile)|SAMHO]] <br /> | [[Shoulder-fired missile|Cannon launched]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> |{{Flagicon|India}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | [[Semi-active laser homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|5|km}}<br /> |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Tandem-charge|Tandem]] &lt;br&gt; [[High-explosive anti-tank|HEAT]]<br /> | [[File:DRDO_SAMHO_Anti_Tank_Guided_Missile.png|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Cannon launched laser-guided missile test today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2013/jan/28/cannon-launched-laser-guided-missile-test-today-445302.html |date=28 January 2013 |access-date=14 November 2019 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Cannon Launched Missile Development Programme(CLMDP) |url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/cannon-launched-missile-development-programmeclmdp |work=[[DRDO]] |access-date=6 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Akeron MP|ATGM 5]]<br /> | [[Man-portable anti-tank systems|Man-portable]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|ATGM]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|FRA}} [[MBDA|MBDA France]]<br /> | [[Infrared homing]] &lt;br&gt; [[Television guidance]]<br /> | {{cvt|4|km}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.edrmagazine.eu/aero-india-2025-lt-mbda-missile-systems-ltd|title=Aero India 2025 – L&amp;T MBDA Missile Systems Ltd|date=12 February 2025|access-date=1 May 2025|work=European Defence Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lntmbda.com/media/nuroj5n1/atgm5-fifth-generation-multi-target-land-combat-weapon-for-infantry-and-mechanised-forces-lt-mbda-missile-systems-limited.pdf|title=ATGM|access-date=1 May 2025|work=[[Larsen and Toubro]]-[[MBDA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Anti-ship==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center|100px; font-size: 85%; width:95em;&quot;<br /> ! Family<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Type <br /> ! Designer<br /> ! Guidance<br /> ! Range<br /> ! {{tooltip|Speed|Maximum Speed}}<br /> ! Warhead<br /> ! {{tooltip|Intr.|Introduction}}<br /> ! Status<br /> ! Image<br /> ! {{tooltip|Ref.|Source}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Sea Eagle (missile)|Sea Eagle]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Short-range ballistic missile|Short range]] [[anti-ship missile|AShM]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|UK}} [[BAe Dynamics]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|110|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 1<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] &lt;br&gt; 230&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 1988<br /> | rowspan=&quot;13&quot;|In service<br /> | [[File:Sea_eagle_sketch.svg|center|100px]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;13&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[P-15 Termit]]<br /> | P-15M<br /> |{{Flagicon|USSR}} [[MKB Raduga]]<br /> | {{cvt|80|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 0.95<br /> | [[Hollow charge]] &lt;br&gt; 454&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 1989<br /> | [[File:INS_Chamak_(K95)_fires_a_P-15_Termit_missile.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[APR-3E torpedo|APR-2]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|[[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]] [[torpedo]]<br /> |{{Flagicon|USSR}} [[Tactical Missiles Corporation|TMC]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Acoustic homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|3|km}}<br /> | 56 [[Knot (unit)|kn]]<br /> | [[High explosive]] &lt;br&gt; 74 kg<br /> | 1990<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[53-65]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|USSR}} [[:ru:Остехбюро|Ostekhbureau]]<br /> | {{cvt|18|km}}<br /> | 45 [[Knot (unit)|kn]]<br /> | [[High explosive]] &lt;br&gt; 307.6 kg<br /> | 1990<br /> | [[File:53-65K_torpedo_MW.JPG|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Type 65 torpedo|SET-65]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|USSR}} [[:ru:Гидроприбор|SI-400]]<br /> | {{cvt|100|km}}<br /> | 50 [[Knot (unit)|kn]]<br /> | [[High explosive]] &lt;br&gt; 557 kg<br /> | 1991<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[SUT torpedo|SUT]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|GER}} [[Atlas Elektronik]]<br /> | {{cvt|30|km}}<br /> | 35 [[Knot (unit)|kn]]<br /> | [[High explosive]] &lt;br&gt; 250 kg<br /> | 1994<br /> | [[File:Koarmada_1_TNI-AL_-_SUT_Torpedo.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kh-31]]<br /> | Kh-31A1<br /> | [[Short-range ballistic missile|Short range]] [[anti-ship missile|AShM]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Tactical Missiles Corporation|TMC]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|70|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 3.5<br /> | [[Armor piercing ammunition|Armor piercing]]<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[File:Russian_missile_-MAKS_Airshow_2003.JPG|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[A244 torpedo|A244]]<br /> | [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]] [[torpedo]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Leonardo (company)|Leonardo]]<br /> | [[Acoustic homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|13.5|km}}<br /> | 39 [[Knot (unit)|kn]]<br /> | [[High explosive]] &lt;br&gt; 45.4 kg<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[File:KRI_REM_331_Torpedo_Firing_Exercise.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kalibr]]<br /> | [[3M-54|3M-54E]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Cruise missile|Cruise]] [[anti-ship missile|AShM]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[NPO Novator]] <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|{{cvt|300|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 3<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] or [[Nuclear weapon|Nuclear]] &lt;br&gt; 500 kg<br /> | 2008<br /> | [[File:3M-54E1.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Kh-35]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Tactical Missiles Corporation|TMC]]<br /> | [[Mach]] 0.85<br /> | [[High explosive]] [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Fragmented]]<br /> | 2009<br /> | [[File:Kh-35E_fol_maks2009.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Harpoon (missile)|Harpoon]]<br /> | Block-2<br /> | [[Short-range ballistic missile|Short range]] [[anti-ship missile|AShM]]<br /> |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Boeing Defense, Space &amp; Security|Boeing]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|124|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 0.71<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] &lt;br&gt; 221 kg<br /> | 2013<br /> | [[File:Harpoon_asm_bowfin_museum.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mk-54]]<br /> | Mk-54 LWT<br /> | [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]] [[torpedo]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Raytheon]]<br /> | [[Acoustic homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|0.45|km}}<br /> | 40 [[Knot (unit)|kn]]<br /> | [[High explosive]] &lt;br&gt; 43.9 kg<br /> | 2016<br /> | [[File:USS_Roosevelt_(DDG-80)_launches_Mk_54_torpedo_in_April_2014.JPG|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Exocet]]<br /> | SM-39<br /> | [[Short-range ballistic missile|Short range]] [[anti-ship missile|AShM]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|FRA}} [[MBDA|MBDA France]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|50|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 0.93<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] &lt;br&gt; 165 kg<br /> | 2024<br /> | [[File:Exocet-mil.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Naval Anti-ship Missile <br /> | [[NASM-SR]]<br /> | [[Short-range ballistic missile|Short range]] [[anti-ship missile|AShM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|{{Flagicon|India}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] with [[satellite guidance]] &lt;br&gt; [[Imaging infrared]]<br /> | {{cvt|55|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 0.8<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] &lt;br&gt;100&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | TBD<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | In development<br /> | [[File:Seaking_42B_of_Indian_Navy_test_launching_NASAM-SR_anti_ship_missile_(cropped).jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|title=43 standing committee on defence |url=http://164.100.47.193/lsscommittee/Defence/16_Defence_43.pdf |publisher=[[Lok Sabha]] |date=March 2018|access-date=24 November 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=21 May 2022 |title=Explained: Why the anti-ship missile tested by the Navy matters |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/navy-anti-ship-missile-significance-explained-7928016/ |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=31 May 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Naval anti ship missile -MR|NASM-MR]]<br /> | [[Medium-range ballistic missile|Medium range]] [[anti-ship missile|AShM]]<br /> | {{cvt|250|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 0.7<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] &lt;br&gt; 150&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[SMART (missile)|Supersonic Missile Assisted Release of Torpedo (SMART)]]<br /> | [[Long-range ballistic missile|Long-range]] [[Anti-submarine missile|ASM]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system]] &lt;br&gt; [[Acoustic homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|643|km}}<br /> |<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] &lt;br&gt; 50&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | [[File:DRDO supersonic missile assisted torpedo system tested at the Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur on 5 October 2020 - 1.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Lendon |first=Brad |date=7 October 2020 |title=India tests long-range anti-submarine missile |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/06/asia/indian-anti-submarine-missile-ml-intl-hnk-scli/index.html |access-date=29 January 2022 |work=CNN }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Long Range – Anti Ship Missile (India)|Long Range – Anti Ship Missile]]<br /> | [[Long-range ballistic missile|Long-range]] [[Anti-ship missile|AShM]]<br /> |<br /> | {{cvt|1500|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 8-10<br /> | [[Hypersonic glide vehicle]]<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Abhijeet |date=19 November 2024 |title=Speed of 3km per second, whole Pakistan-half China in range, dominance over sea, know the strength of new Indian missile |url=https://www.india.com/news/speed-of-3km-per-second-whole-pakistan-half-china-in-range-dominance-over-sea-know-the-strength-of-new-indian-missile-7403273/ |access-date=30 November 2024 |publisher=india.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Sameeksha |date=7 March 2025 |title=Indian Scientists Develop Hypersonic 'Brahmastra' Missile With A Speed Of 12,144 KM Per Hour |url=https://www.news18.com/india/lrash-missile-with-a-speed-of-12144-km-h-drdo-brings-mahabharata-concept-to-life-ws-ab-9252602.html |access-date=7 March 2025 |publisher=news18.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Air-to-air==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center|100px; font-size: 85%; width:95em;&quot;<br /> ! Family<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Designer<br /> ! Guidance<br /> ! Range<br /> ! {{tooltip|Speed|Maximum Speed}}<br /> ! Warhead<br /> ! {{tooltip|Intr.|Introduction}}<br /> ! Status<br /> ! Image<br /> ! {{tooltip|Ref.|Source}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Super 530]]<br /> | Super 530D<br /> | rowspan=&quot;16&quot;|[[Beyond-visual-range missile|Beyond visual range]] [[Air-to-air missile|AAM]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Matra]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Semi-active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|40|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 4.5<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Fragmented]]<br /> | 1989<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| In service<br /> | [[File:Matra_R530_missile-001.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Matra&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Som |first1=Vishnu |title=The Mirage 2000 Upgrade: What Makes India's Fighter Jet Better |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/the-mirage-2000-upgrade-what-makes-indias-fighter-jet-better-749715 |work=[[NDTV]] |access-date=19 February 2022 |date=26 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[R-27 (air-to-air missile)|R-27]]<br /> | R-27R1<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | {{Flagicon|USSR}} [[Vympel NPO]]<br /> | {{cvt|75|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Mach]] 2.5<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Blast/fragmentation]] &lt;br&gt; [[Continuous rod]] &lt;br&gt; 39 kg<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1995<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[File:R-27 T 3D.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/galleries/index.php/category/731-r_27re1_te1_aa_10_alamo_c_d_|title=R-27|work=[[Bharat Rakshak]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | R-27T1<br /> | [[Infrared homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|80|km}}<br /> |-<br /> | R-27ER1<br /> | [[Semi-active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|100|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1999<br /> |-<br /> | R-27ET1<br /> | [[Infrared homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|80|km}}<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[R-77]]<br /> |{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Vympel NPO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Inertial Navigation System|INS]] [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|110|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 4<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 22.5kg<br /> | 2002<br /> | [[File:Vympel-R-77-maks2009.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.janes.com/article/90192/india-signs-usd700-million-deal-with-russia-for-1-000-additional-air-to-air-missiles |title=India signs USD700 million deal with Russia for 1,000 additional air-to-air missiles|first1=Rahul|last1=Bedi|first2=Dmitry|last2=Fediushko|date=31 July 2019|work=Jane's}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0620/104552948/detail.shtml |title=ВВС Индии подписали контракт на закупку в России свыше 700 авиационных управляемых ракет |trans-title=Indian air force signs contract for purchase of over 700 aircraft guided missiles in Russia|language=Ru|work=Arms trade|date=20 June 2020|access-date=1 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Novator KS-172|KS-172]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[NPO Novator]] <br /> | {{cvt|300|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 3.3<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Fragmented]]<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[File:KS-172_NTW_-_94.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Missiles in the Asia Pacific |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/DT-Missile-Survey-May-05.pdf |journal=Defence Today |publisher=Strike Publications |date=May 2005 |page=67 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126154153/http://ausairpower.net/DT-Missile-Survey-May-05.pdf |archive-date=26 January 2009 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Astra (missile)|Astra]]<br /> | Astra Mk1<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | {{Flagicon|India}} [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Fibre-optic gyroscope|Fibre-optic gyro]] based [[inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]] <br /> | {{cvt|110|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Mach number|Mach]] 4.5<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 15&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 2018<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[File:Astrabvraam.png|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Indigenously developed air-to-air missile Astra successfully test fired |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indigenously-developed-air-to-air-missile-astra-successfully-test-fired/story-1KXLnNJoMeaoOVovnlh5KI.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=26 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Indigenously developed air-to-air missile Astra successfully test fired |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/astra-missile-getting-ready-to-be-inducted-in-service-next-year-another-successful-test/1336126/ |newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]] |date=3 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Astra Mk2<br /> | {{cvt|160|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | TBD<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | In development<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/15-years-on-drdos-supersonic-missile-ready-for-iaf-fighters/articleshow/71355843.cms |title=15 years on, DRDO's supersonic missile ready for IAF fighters |last=Pandit |first=Rajat |date=29 September 2019 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hewson |first1=Robert |title=Astra redesign paves way for ramjet AAM|journal=Jane's Missiles and Rockets |date=April 2011 |volume=15 |issue=4 |page=3 |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |location=Coulsdon }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Astra Mk3<br /> | {{cvt|350|km}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Python (missile)|Python]]<br /> | [[Python (missile)#Python-5|Python-5]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems|Rafael]] <br /> | [[Infrared homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|20|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Mach]] 4<br /> | [[Proximity fuse|Proximity]] &lt;br&gt; 11 kg<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2018<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|In service<br /> | [[File:Python5_missile.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | rowspan=2&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/missile_systems/air_missiles/derby/Derby.html |title=Derby Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060718065607/http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/missile_systems/air_missiles/derby/Derby.html |archive-date=18 July 2006 |work=Israeli-Weapons |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Derby (missile)|Derby]]<br /> | [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|50|km}}<br /> | [[Proximity fuse|Proximity]] &lt;br&gt; 23 kg<br /> | [[File:Derby_missile.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[MICA (missile)|MICA]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|FRA}} [[MBDA|MBDA France]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[inertial navigation system|INS]] [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|60|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 4<br /> | 12&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 2021<br /> | [[File:MICA_P6230072.JPG|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Missiles Of India - List of Important Indian Missiles |url=https://www.basictell.com/general-knowledge/list-of-indian-missiles.html |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=Basictell |date=21 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.indiastrategic.in/2020/08/24/su-30-mki-destroys-aerial-target-using-mica-missile/|title=Su-30 MKI Destroys Aerial Target Using MICA Missile|work=India strategic|access-date=25 October 2020|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028213356/https://www.indiastrategic.in/2020/08/24/su-30-mki-destroys-aerial-target-using-mica-missile/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Meteor (missile)|Meteor]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|European Union}} [[MBDA]]<br /> | {{cvt|200|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 4<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Fragmented]]<br /> | 2022<br /> | [[File:ILA_2008_PD_446.JPG|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=18 December 2020 |title=Rafale's 'game changer' SCALP and Meteor missiles give India a formidable combat edge |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/rafales-game-changer-scalp-and-meteor-missiles-give-india-a-formidable-combat-edge/outranging-the-adversary/slideshow/79794200.cms |access-date=12 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[ASRAAM]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|UK}} [[MBDA|MBDA UK]]<br /> | [[inertial navigation system|INS]] [[Infrared homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|25|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 3+<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 88 kg<br /> | 2024<br /> | [[File:AIM-132_ASRAAM.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/iaf-to-adopt-asraam-missile-across-its-fighter-fleet/article28359593.ece|title=IAF to adopt ASRAAM missile across its fighter fleet|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 July 2019|access-date=1 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=https://www.mbda-systems.com/mbda-aero-india-2025-discover-how-we-support-indian-armed-forces-their-mission-protect-indian|title=MBDA at Aero India 2025 - Discover how we support the Indian Armed Forces in their mission to protect Indian sovereignty|work=[[MBDA]]|access-date=1 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BDL &amp;MBDA sign agreement to establish Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missile facility in India |url=https://bdl-india.in/node/3751 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029172227/https://bdl-india.in/node/3751 |archive-date=29 October 2022 |access-date=29 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet]]<br /> |{{Flagicon|India}} [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]<br /> |<br /> | {{cvt|350|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 4.5<br /> |<br /> | TBD<br /> | In development<br /> |[[File:Solid_Fuel_Ducted_Ramjet_(SFDR)_missile_being_tested_on_8_February_2019.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=14 April 2022 |title=Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet: All you need to know about SFDR |url=https://www.news9live.com/knowledge/solid-fuel-ducted-ramjet-all-you-need-to-know-about-sfdr-164677 |access-date=21 May 2022 |work=News9 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=188278|title=Successful Flight Test of SFDR |date=8 February 2019 |work=[[Press Information Bureau|Press Information Bureau, Government of India]] |access-date=1 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[R-73 (missile)|R-73]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|[[Short range missile|Short range]] [[Air-to-air missile|AAM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|{{Flagicon|USSR}} [[Vympel NPO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Infrared homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|30|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Mach]] 2.5<br /> |[[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 7.4 kg<br /> | 1989<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|In service<br /> | [[File:MAKS2015part7-21.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[R-60 (missile)|R-60]]<br /> | {{cvt|8|km}}<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 3 kg<br /> | 1990<br /> | [[File:Sukhoi_SU-15TM_2008_G4.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[R.550 Magic]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Matra]]<br /> | {{cvt|20|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 3<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 12.7 kg<br /> | 1994<br /> | [[File:Matra_R550_Loaded_on_Pylon_of_Mirage_2000-5EI_2046_20120811.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Matra&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Python (missile)|Python]]<br /> | [[Python (missile)#Python-4|Python-4]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems|Rafael]] <br /> | {{cvt|15|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 3.5<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 11 kg<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[File:Rafael_Python_4.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;/&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Air-to-surface==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center|100px; font-size: 85%; width:95em;&quot;<br /> ! Family<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Designer<br /> ! Guidance<br /> ! Range<br /> ! {{tooltip|Speed|Maximum Speed}}<br /> ! Warhead<br /> ! {{tooltip|Intr.|Introduction}}<br /> ! Status<br /> ! Image<br /> ! {{tooltip|Ref.|Source}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[ULPGM (missile)|ULPGM]]<br /> |V1<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Air-to-surface missile|ASM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{Flagicon|India}} [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]<br /> |[[Infrared homing|IIR homing]]<br /> |{{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |N/A<br /> |{{convert|2|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<br /> |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |In service<br /> |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |V2<br /> |two-way [[Data link|datalink]]<br /> [[Electro-optical sensor|EO sensor]]<br /> |{{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}}<br /> |N/A<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ULM-ER<br /> |Multiple<br /> |{{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}}<br /> |N/A<br /> |<br /> |In development<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kh-59|Kh-59 Ovod]]<br /> | Kh-59ME<br /> | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[MKB Raduga]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|200|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 0.88<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]]<br /> | 2002<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | In service<br /> | [[File:Kh-59MK2_maks2009.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Popeye (missile)|Popeye]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems|Rafael]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[Infrared homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|78|km}}<br /> |<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 340 kg<br /> |2006<br /> | [[File:Popey_missile.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[BrahMos]]<br /> | BrahMos A<br /> | [[Supersonic speed|Supersonic]] [[Air-launched cruise missile|ALCM]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[NPO Mashinostroyeniya]] &lt;br&gt; {{Flagicon|India}} [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] + [[Satellite Navigation|Sat Nav]] &lt;br&gt;[[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|450|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 3<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] or [[Nuclear weapon|Nuclear]] &lt;br&gt; [[Armour-piercing ammunition|Armour-piercing]] &lt;br&gt; 300 kg<br /> |2019<br /> | [[File:Su-30 MKI firing Brahmos-ER.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Storm Shadow|SCALP-EG]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Air-to-surface missile|ASM]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|European Union}} [[MBDA]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]], [[GPS]], [[TERPROM]]<br /> | {{cvt|550|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 0.95<br /> | [[BROACH]] &lt;br&gt; 550 kg<br /> |2022<br /> | [[File:RAF_Museum,_Colindale,_London_-_DSC06025.JPG|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[AASM Hammer]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|FRA}}[[Safran Electronics &amp; Defense|Safran]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]], [[GPS]]<br /> | {{cvt|70|km}}<br /> |<br /> | [[General-purpose bomb]] &lt;br&gt; 250 kg<br /> |2023<br /> | [[File:Aasm5.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Rudram (missile)|Rudram]]<br /> | [[Rudram-1]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Air-to-surface missile|Air to surface]] [[Anti-radiation missile|ARM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | {{Flagicon|India}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|150|km}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=9 October 2020 |title=India test-fires Rudram 1, its first anti-radiation missile to kill enemy radars |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-test-fires-rudram-1-its-first-anti-radiation-missile-to-take-down-enemy-radars/story-SYP6qWQOXmZrK7ViSPG54K.html|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]] |access-date=1 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 2<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 55 kg<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| TBD<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| In development<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[File:Rudram-1.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Pandit |first1=Rajat |title=India tests new anti-radiation missile to destroy enemy radars |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-tests-new-anti-radiation-missile-to-destroy-enemy-radars/articleshow/67676064.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 January 2019 |access-date=1 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Rudram (missile)|Rudram-2]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] [[SatNav]] &lt;br&gt; [[Infrared homing|IIR homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|350|km}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Pandit |first1=Rajat |date=29 May 2024 |title=India successfully test-fires RudraM-II air-to-ground missile |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-successfully-test-fires-rudram-ii-air-to-ground-missile/articleshow/110539863.cms |access-date=30 May 2024 |work=The Times of India |agency=TNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 5.5<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 155 kg / [[Bunker buster]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Rudram (missile)|Rudram-3]]<br /> |<br /> | {{cvt|550|km}}<br /> |<br /> | [[Bunker buster]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Surface-to-air==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center|100px; font-size: 85%; width:95em;&quot;<br /> ! Family<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Designer<br /> ! Guidance<br /> ! Range<br /> ! {{tooltip|Alitude|Interception altitude}}<br /> ! {{tooltip|Speed|Maximum Speed}}<br /> ! Warhead<br /> ! {{tooltip|Intr.|Introduction}}<br /> ! Status<br /> ! Image<br /> ! {{tooltip|Ref.|Source}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Trishul (missile)|Trishul]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot;|[[Short range air defense|Short range]] [[surface to air missile|SAM]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|India}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |[[Command to line-of-sight]]<br /> | {{cvt|11|km}}<br /> |<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 2<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 15&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 1983<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot;|In service<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Govt-announces-closure-of-work-on-Trishul-missile/articleshow/2819873.cms |title=Govt announces closure of work on Trishul missile |date=27 February 2008 |access-date=1 December 2023 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[S-125 Neva/Pechora]]<br /> | [[S-125 Neva/Pechora#Missile|V601]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|USSR}} [[JSC Defense Systems]] <br /> | {{cvt|35|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|18|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 3<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 60&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 1987<br /> | [[File:S125_Neva_250_brPVO_VS,_september_01,_2012.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Seacat (missile)|Seacat]]<br /> |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[Short Brothers]] <br /> | {{cvt|5|km}}<br /> | <br /> | [[Mach]] 0.8<br /> | [[Continuous rod]]<br /> | 1987<br /> | [[File:Short_Tigercat_2_-_Elvington_-_BB.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[9K33 Osa]] <br /> | [[9K33 Osa#Missiles|9M33]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|USSR}} [[Znamya Truda Plant]]<br /> | {{cvt|15|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|12|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 2.9<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 15&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 1990<br /> | [[File:Osa-AKM_9M33M3.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[9K35 Strela-10]]<br /> | [[9K35 Strela-10#Missiles|9M37]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|USSR}} [[KB Tochmash]]<br /> | {{cvt|5|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|3.5|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 0.5<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 5&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 1990<br /> | [[File:9M37_surface-to-air_missile_of_Strela-10_system.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2K22 Tunguska]]<br /> | [[9M311]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[KBP Instrument Design Bureau|KBP]]<br /> | {{cvt|9|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|3.5|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 1<br /> | [[Continuous rod]] &lt;br&gt; 9 kg<br /> | 1999<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Buk missile system|Buk]]<br /> | [[Buk missile system#9М38 and 9М38M1 missile|9M38]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Almaz-Antey Corporation|Almaz-Antey]]<br /> | {{cvt|30|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|20|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 3<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]]<br /> | 2001<br /> | [[File:Buk-M1-2_9A310M1-2.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[9M317]]<br /> | {{cvt|50|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|25|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 4<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 62&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 2013<br /> | [[File:9M317_surface-to-air_missile_of_Buk-M2E.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Barak 1]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel Aerospace Industries|IAI]] &lt;br&gt; {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems|Rafael]]<br /> | {{cvt|12|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|5.5|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 2.1<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 22&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 2004<br /> | [[File:Barak_SAM.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Akash (missile)|Akash]]<br /> | Akash Mk I<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Medium range [[surface to air missile|SAM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | {{Flagicon|India}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Command guidance]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|30|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|18|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Mach number|Mach]] 3<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 60&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 2009<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[File:Akash_MK-1S_missile_test_on_27_May_2019_-_1.jpg|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://web02.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?topicName=india&amp;id=news/awx/2011/03/25/awx_03_25_2011_p0-301846.xml&amp;headline=Indian%20Army%20Orders%20Akash%20Missile%20System |title=Indian Army Orders Akash Missile System |work=Aviation Week |date=25 March 2011 |access-date=28 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece |archive-date=27 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Akash Mk II<br /> | {{cvt|40|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|20|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | TBD<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | In development<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-version-of-akash-missile-test-fired-successfully/article27266960.ece |title=New version of Akash missile test-fired successfully |date=27 May 2019 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=24 November 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Akash-NG]]<br /> | {{cvt|70|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|20|km}}<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=158007| title=DRDO Projects| date=3 February 2017| publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] |via=[[Press Information Bureau]] |access-date=1 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=26 January 2021 |first=Manjeet| last=Negi |title=Odisha: DRDO conducts successful maiden launch of Akash-NG Missile |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/odisha-drdo-conducts-successful-maiden-launch-of-akash-ng-missile-1762712-2021-01-26 |access-date=17 February 2021 | work=[[India Today]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Barak 8]]<br /> | MR-SAM<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel Aerospace Industries|IAI]] &lt;br&gt; {{Flagicon|India}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|70|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|16|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 2<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Kinetic kill vehicle]] &lt;br&gt; 60 kg<br /> | 2020<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | In service<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[File:Salon_du_Bourget_20090619_077.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/boost-to-armys-air-power-to-get-medium-range-missile-by-2020/articleshow/60244300.cms |title=Boost to Army's air power; to get medium range missile by 2020 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | LR-SAM<br /> | Long range [[surface to air missile|SAM]]<br /> | {{cvt|100|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|20|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Mach number|Mach]] 3+<br /> | 2019<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/53532/iai-en-route-to-extended-range-barak-8er |title=IAI en route to extended range Barak-8ER |access-date=24 November 2019 |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ER-SAM<br /> | Extended range [[surface to air missile|SAM]]<br /> | {{cvt|150|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|30|km}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[QRSAM]]<br /> | Quick reaction [[surface to air missile|SAM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|{{Flagicon|India}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] with [[Datalink]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|30|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|14|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 4.7<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 32&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 2022<br /> | [[File:Second_test_of_DRDO_QRSAM_(cropped).jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Bedi |first=Rahul |url=http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested |title=Indian DRDO-designed QRSAM successfully tested |date=6 June 2017 |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |publisher=Jane's Information Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606141337/http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested |archive-date=6 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[VL-SRSAM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Short range air defense|Short range]] [[surface to air missile|SAM]]<br /> | [[Fibre-optic gyroscope|Fibre-optic gyro]] based [[inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|50|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|16|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 4.5<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]]<br /> | 2022<br /> | [[File:VL-SRSAM_tested_from_vertical_launch_system.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=DRDO successfully launches VL-SRSAM twice |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/drdo-successfully-launches-vl-srsam-twice/articleshow/81157352.cms |access-date=22 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[SAMAR Air Defence System|SAMAR]]<br /> | SAMAR I<br /> | [[Infrared homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|12|km}}<br /> |<br /> | [[Mach]] 2.5<br /> | 2024<br /> | <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Satam |first=Parth |date=23 October 2022|title=Indian 'Jugaad'! IAF Converts Obsolete Russian Air-To-Air Missiles Into Surface-To-Air Systems; Experts Perplexed |url=https://eurasiantimes.com/indian-jugaad-iaf-converts-obsolete-russian-air-to-air-missiles/ |access-date=16 November 2022|work=Eurasian Times }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=IAF's SAMAR Air Defence System |url=https://www.indiandefensenews.in/2022/11/iafs-samar-air-defence-system.html |access-date=16 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- <br /> | SAMAR II<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Semi-active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|20|km}}<br /> |<br /> | [[Mach]] 2.5<br /> | TBD<br /> | In development<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[S-400 missile system|S-400]]<br /> | Mobile long-range [[surface to air missile|SAM]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Almaz-Antey Corporation|Almaz-Antey]]<br /> | {{cvt|380|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|40|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 14<br /> | 2021<br /> | In service<br /> | [[File:С-400_«Триумф».JPG|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-russia-s-400-air-defence-missile-system-punjab-sector-1890141-2021-12-20 |title=India deploys first S-400 air defence system in Punjab sector |date=12 December 2021 |access-date=1 November 2023 |work=[[India Today]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[9K38 Igla]]<br /> |[[9K38 Igla#Igla-1|Igla-1]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|[[Man-portable air-defense system|Man-portable]] [[surface to air missile|SAM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[NPO Mashinostroyeniya]] <br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | [[Infrared homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|5|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{cvt|3.5|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Mach]] 1.7-1.8<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 1.17&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> |1991<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| In service<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[File:SA-16_and_SA-18_missiles_and_launchers.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[9K38 Igla#Igla|Igla]]<br /> | {{cvt|5.2|km}}<br /> |2003<br /> |-<br /> | [[9K38 Igla#9K338 Igla-S (SA-24 Grinch)|Igla-S]]<br /> | {{cvt|6|km}}<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 2.5&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> |2012<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[9K34 Strela-3]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|{{Flagicon|USSR}} [[KB Mashinostroyeniya|KBM]]<br /> | {{cvt|4.5|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|3|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Mach]] 1.5<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 1.15&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 1985<br /> | [[File:SA-14_missile_and_launch_tube.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[9K32 Strela-2]]<br /> | {{cvt|4.3|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|2.3|km}}<br /> | 1996<br /> | [[File:SA-7.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[FIM-92 Stinger]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Raytheon]]<br /> | {{cvt|8|km}}<br /> |<br /> | [[Mach]] 2.2<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 3 kg<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[File:Voorzijde_van_een_Stinger_lanceerbuis_met_richt-afvuurapparatuur_(2086-065-004).jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Project Kusha|Kusha]]<br /> | MR-SAM<br /> | Medium range [[surface to air missile|SAM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | {{Flagicon|India}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |<br /> | {{cvt|150|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| TBD<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| In development<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Technologies and Products |url=http://14.143.90.243/drdo/technology-cluster-links/labs-products-detail/2107/182 |work=Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) |access-date=25 December 2019 |archive-date=25 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225020403/http://14.143.90.243/drdo/technology-cluster-links/labs-products-detail/2107/182 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=DRDO reveals 350km XRSAM missile details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/drdo-reveals-350km-xrsam-missile-details/articleshow/73001348.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 December 2019 |access-date=6 January 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ER-SAM<br /> | Long range [[surface to air missile|SAM]]<br /> | {{cvt|250|km}}<br /> |-<br /> | XR-SAM<br /> | Extended range [[surface to air missile|SAM]]<br /> | {{cvt|350|km}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[VSHORAD (India)|VSHORAD]]<br /> | [[Short range air defense|Short range]]/ [[Man-portable air-defense system|Man-portable]] [[surface to air missile|SAM]]<br /> | [[Infrared homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|6|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|3.5| km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 1.5<br /> | [[High-explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; 2&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | TBD<br /> | In development <br /> | [[File:Maiden_launch_of_Very_Short_Range_Air_Defence_System_(VSHORADS)_missile_(cropped).jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2 April 2022 |title=Army inducts Russian MANPADS |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/army-inducts-igla-s-shoulder-fired-air-defence-systems-from-russia/article65284695.ece |access-date=14 November 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Surface-to-surface==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center|100px; font-size: 85%; width:95em;&quot;<br /> ! Family<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Designer<br /> ! Guidance<br /> ! Range<br /> ! {{tooltip|Speed|Maximum Speed}}<br /> ! Warhead<br /> ! {{tooltip|Intr.|Introduction}}<br /> ! Status<br /> ! Image<br /> ! {{tooltip|Ref.|Source}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Prithvi (missile)|Prithvi]]<br /> | [[Prithvi (missile)#Prithvi I|Prithvi-I]]<br /> | [[Surface-to-surface missile|Surface-to-surface]] &lt;br&gt; [[Tactical ballistic missile|TBM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| {{Flagicon|IND}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Inertial navigation system]]<br /> | {{cvt|150|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | <br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] or [[Nuclear weapon|Nuclear]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Fragmentation]] &lt;br&gt; [[Thermobaric]]<br /> | 1994<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | In service<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[File:Prithvi-II_missile_launch_on_11_March_2011_(cropped).jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cns.miis.edu/research/india/indiach2.htm |archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011202044243/http://cns.miis.edu/research/india/indiach2.htm |url-status=dead |title=Prithvi |work=Centre for Non Proliferation Studies Archive |access-date=18 October 2006 |archive-date=2 December 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Prithvi (missile)#Prithvi II|Prithvi-II]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Surface-to-surface missile|Surface-to-surface]] [[short range ballistic missile|SRBM]]<br /> | {{cvt|350|km}}<br /> | 2003<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/india-successfully-test-fires-indigenously-developed-prithvi-ii-missile-2806807/|title=India successfully test fires indigenously developed Prithvi-II missile |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=18 May 2016|access-date=14 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Prithvi (missile)#Prithvi III|Prithvi-III]]<br /> | {{cvt|600|km}}<br /> | 2004<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/nudb/datab20.asp |title=Nuclear Data - Table of Indian Nuclear Forces, 2002 |publisher=NRDC |access-date=14 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Prithvi (missile)#Dhanush (missile)|Dhanush]]<br /> | [[Surface-to-surface missile|Surface-to-surface]] [[Anti-ship ballistic missile|ASBM]]<br /> | {{cvt|750|km}}<br /> | 2018<br /> | [[File:Dhanush missile launch on 11 March 2011.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Indian Navy successfully test fires Dhanush missile: All you need to know |url=http://m.indiatoday.in/education/story/dhanush/1/531950.html |access-date=14 November 2019 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030555/http://m.indiatoday.in/education/story/dhanush/1/531950.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Agni (missile)|Agni]]<br /> | [[Agni-I]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Surface-to-surface missile|Surface-to-surface]] [[medium range ballistic missile|MRBM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Ring laser gyroscope|Ring laser gyro]] [[inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[infrared homing]] &lt;br&gt; [[active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|1200|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Mach number|Mach]] 24<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] or [[strategic nuclear weapon|Nuclear]] &lt;br&gt; [[High explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Cluster munition]] &lt;br&gt; [[incendiary weapon|Incendiary]] &lt;br&gt; [[Thermobaric]]<br /> | 2002<br /> | In service<br /> | [[File:Agni-I missile launched on 1 December 2011.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Subramanian |first=T.S. |date=2 February 2002 |title=The significance of Agni-I |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30243925.ece |access-date=14 November 2019 |work=Frontline}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Agni-P]]<br /> | {{cvt|2000|km}}<br /> | 2021<br /> |In development<br /> | [[File:Agni P Ballistic Missile first flight test.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/what-to-expect-from-agni-prime-the-new-generation-ballistic-missile-123060900555_1.html |title=What to expect from Agni-Prime, the new generation ballistic missile |newspaper=Business Standard| date=9 June 2023 |access-date=1 April 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Agni-II]]<br /> | {{cvt|3500|km}}<br /> | 2010<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |In service<br /> | [[File:Agni-II missile (Republic Day Parade 2004).jpeg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Agni-II-missile-test-fired-successfully/article16302660.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |title=Agni-II missile test-fired successfully |date=17 May 2010 |first=Y. |last=Mallikarjun |access-date=1 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Agni-III]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Surface-to-surface missile|Surface-to-surface]] [[intermediate range ballistic missile|IRBM]]<br /> | {{cvt|5000|km}}<br /> | 2011<br /> |[[File:Agni-III ballistic missile.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |page=25 |url=https://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3d&amp;portalid=19 |title=Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat |id=NASIC-1031-0985-17 |publisher=Defense Intelligence Ballistic Missile Analysis Committee |date=June 2017 |access-date=14 November 2019 |archive-date=7 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107112738/https://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3D&amp;portalid=19 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Agni-IV]]<br /> | {{cvt|4000|km}}<br /> | 2014<br /> |[[File:Agni-IV flight test on 19 September 2014.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Indian nuclear forces, 2017 |first1=Hans M.|last1=Kristensen|first2=Robert S.|last2=Norris|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=73|issue=4|pages=205–209|doi=10.1080/00963402.2017.1337998|year=2017|bibcode=2017BuAtS..73d.205K|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Agni-V]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Surface-to-surface missile|Surface-to-surface]] [[intercontinental ballistic missile|ICBM]]<br /> | {{cvt|8000|km}}<br /> | 2018<br /> |[[File:Agni V Ballistic missile successfully launched on September 15, 2013.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-most-potent-missile-agni-v-to-be-inducted-soon-1876035|title=Agni V Missile That Can Reach Chinese Cities To Be Inducted Soon |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=1 July 2018|work=[[NDTV]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820033413/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-most-potent-missile-agni-v-to-be-inducted-soon-1876035|archive-date=20 August 2019|access-date=19 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Agni-VI]]<br /> | {{cvt|16000|km}}<br /> | TBD<br /> |In development<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Get ready for Agni-VI, which can deliver 4 to 6 warheads 12000 km away|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/get-ready-for-agni-vi-which-can-deliver-to-warheads-km-20043.html|access-date=14 November 2019|work=India TV|date=4 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; | [[BrahMos]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | BrahMos Block I<br /> | [[Supersonic speed|Supersonic]] ship launched [[Anti-ship missile|AshM]]/[[Land-attack missile|LAM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; | {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[NPO Mashinostroyeniya]] &lt;br&gt; {{Flagicon|IND}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] + [[Satellite Navigation|Sat Nav]] &lt;br&gt;[[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|290|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Mach number|Mach]] 3<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] or [[Nuclear weapon|Nuclear]] &lt;br&gt; [[Armour-piercing ammunition|Armour-piercing]] &lt;br&gt; 300&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 2007<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | In service<br /> | [[File:Brahmos Tropex 2012.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2018-04-19/india-displays-big-missiles-defense-show |title=India Displays Big Missiles at Defense Show |work=Aviation International News |date=9 April 2018 |access-date=1 December 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Supersonic speed|Supersonic]] land launched [[Anti-ship missile|AshM]]/[[Land-attack missile|LAM]]<br /> | {{cvt|290|km}}<br /> | 2010<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[File:The_improved_performanceh_BrahMos_supersonic_cruise_missile_successfully_launched_at_the_Integrated_Test_Range_(ITR),_Chandipur_on_20_January_2022_-_1.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | BrahMos Block II<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Supersonic speed|Supersonic]] land launched [[Land-attack missile|LAM]]<br /> | {{cvt|290|km}}<br /> | 2012<br /> |-<br /> | BrahMos Block III<br /> | {{cvt|290|km}}<br /> | 2013<br /> |-<br /> | Submarine launched BrahMos<br /> | [[Supersonic speed|Supersonic]] [[submarine]] launched [[Anti-ship missile|AshM]]/[[Land-attack missile|LAM]]<br /> | {{cvt|290|km}}<br /> | 2013<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | BrahMos ER<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Multi-platform multirole [[Supersonic speed|Supersonic]] [[cruise missile|CM]]<br /> | {{cvt|800|km}}<br /> | 2022<br /> |[[File:Imphal Y-12706 launching during trials.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | BrahMos NG<br /> | {{cvt|290|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | TBD<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | In development<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | [[BrahMos-II]]<br /> | [[Hypersonic weapon|Hypersonic]] [[cruise missile|CM]]<br /> | {{cvt|1000|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 8<br /> | [[File:A_scaled_down_model_of_Brahmos-II_at_Aero_India_2013.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=India, Russia to develop new hypersonic cruise missile |url=http://www.brahmos.com/newscenter.php?newsid=102 |work=Brahmos |access-date=23 February 2012 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212050609/http://brahmos.com/newscenter.php?newsid=102 |archive-date=12 December 2010 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kalibr]]<br /> | [[3M-54|3M-54E]] Klub<br /> | [[Surface-to-surface missile|Surface-to-surface]] [[cruise missile]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[NPO Novator]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|300|km}}<br /> | [[Mach]] 3<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] or [[Nuclear weapon|Nuclear]] &lt;br&gt; 500 kg<br /> | 2009<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | In service<br /> | [[File:3M-54E1.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[K missile family]]<br /> | [[Sagarika (missile)|K-15 (Sagarika)]]<br /> | [[Short range missile|Short range]] [[submarine launched ballistic missile|SLBM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;13&quot;| {{Flagicon|IND}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ring laser gyro]] [[inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[Accelerometer]]<br /> | {{cvt|750|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Mach number|Mach]] 7.5<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] or [[strategic nuclear weapon|Nuclear]]<br /> | 2018<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[File:B05_SLBM_(cropped).jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/specials/2018/aug/19/nuke-capable-submarine-launched-missile-operationalised-india-in-select-triad-club-1859992.html |title=Nuke-capable submarine-launched missile operationalised, India in select triad club |date=19 August 2018 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=14 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[K-4 (missile)|K-4]]<br /> | [[Medium-range ballistic missile|Medium range]] [[submarine launched ballistic missile|SLBM]]<br /> | {{cvt|3500|km}}<br /> | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2019/10/submarine-launched-ballistic-missile.html |title=Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) K-4 Test Imminent |work=India Defence News |date=1 October 2019 |access-date=14 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[K-5 (ballistic missile)|K-5]]<br /> | [[Intermediate-range ballistic missile|Intermediate range]] [[submarine launched ballistic missile|SLBM]]<br /> | {{cvt|5000|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | TBD<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | In development<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10 |title=A peek into India's top secret and costliest defence project, nuclear submarines |last=Unnithan |first=Sandeep |date=10 December 2017| work=[[India Today]] |access-date=22 October 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420153431/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10 |archive-date=20 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[K-6 (missile)|K-6]]<br /> | [[intercontinental ballistic missile|IC]] [[submarine launched ballistic missile|SLBM]]<br /> | {{cvt|8000|km}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Nirbhay (missile)|Nirbhay]]<br /> |[[Nirbhay (missile)|Nirbhay]] LAM<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Subsonic speed|Subsonic]] [[Land-attack missile|LAM]]<br /> | [[Ring laser gyroscope|Ring laser gyro]] [[inertial navigation system|INS]] + [[GPS]]/[[Satellite navigation|NavIC]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]] &lt;br&gt; [[Imaging infrared]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{cvt|1500|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Mach number|Mach]] 0.9<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] or [[Nuclear weapon|Nuclear]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Fragmentation]]<br /> | 2019<br /> | In service<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[File:Nirbhay_missile_test_on_15_April_2019_(cropped).jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/sub-sonic-cruise-missile-nirbhay-successfully-test-fired/article26849032.ece |title=Sub-sonic cruise missile 'Nirbhay' successfully test-fired |date=16 April 2019 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=1 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Nirbhay#Long Range-Land Attack Cruise Missile (LR-LACM)|LR-LACM]]<br /> |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |TBD<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |In development<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Menon |first=Adithya Krishna |date=14 December 2023 |title=India Focuses on Long Range Naval Missiles Development |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/12/india-focuses-on-long-range-naval-missiles-development/ |access-date=5 January 2024 |work=Naval News }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Nirbhay#Submarine Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM)|SLCM]]<br /> |[[Subsonic speed|Subsonic]] [[Submarine-launched cruise missile|SLCM]]<br /> |<br /> |{{cvt|500|km}}<br /> |[[Mach number|Mach]] 0.8<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Menon |first=Adithya Krishna |date=14 December 2023 |title=India Focuses on Long Range Naval Missiles Development |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/12/india-focuses-on-long-range-naval-missiles-development/ |access-date=5 January 2024| work=Naval News}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Shaurya (missile)|Shaurya]]<br /> | [[Surface-to-surface]] [[medium-range ballistic missile|MRBM]]<br /> | [[Ring laser gyro]] [[inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[Accelerometer]]<br /> | {{cvt|1900|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 7.5<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] or [[strategic nuclear weapon|Nuclear]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | TBD<br /> | In deployment<br /> | [[File:'Shourya'_missile_test_fired_on_November_12,_2008.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |author1=T. S. Subramanian |title=Missile success|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2526/stories/20090102252609400.htm |magazine=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |volume=25 |issue=26 |publisher=[[The Hindu Group]] |date=20 December 2008 – 2 January 2009 |issn=0970-1710 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Prahaar (missile)|Prahaar]]<br /> | [[Prahaar (missile)|Prahaar]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Surface-to-surface missile|Surface-to-surface]] [[tactical ballistic missile|TBM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Fibre-optic gyroscope|Fibre-optic gyro]] [[inertial navigation system|INS]] [[GPS]]/[[NavIC]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|150|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Mach number|Mach]] 4<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] or [[strategic nuclear weapon|Nuclear]] &lt;br&gt; [[High explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Cluster munition]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | In development<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[File:The_Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation_(DRDO)_successfully_flight_testing_the_indigenously_developed_surface-to-surface_tactical_missile_‘Prahar’,_from_Launch_Complex-III,_ITR,_Balasore,_in_Orissa_(cropped).JPG|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Prithvi missiles to be replaced by more-capable Prahar: DRDO|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Prithvi-missiles-to-be-replaced-by-more-capable-Prahar-DRDO/articleshow/20852827.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=1 July 201 |access-date=16 February 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Prahaar (missile)#Pragati|Pragati]]<br /> | {{cvt|170|km}}<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=India develops new surface-to-surface missile 'Pragati' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pragati-drdo-army-south-korea-akash-adex-2013-215884-2013-10-28 |access-date=28 November 2013 |work=[[India Today]] |date=29 October 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Prahaar (missile)#Pranash|Pranash]]<br /> | {{cvt|200|km}}<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-to-develop-200-km-range-pranash-missile/story-eev9HZEZo2m6ADnIjSnvcP.html |title=India to develop 200-km range tactical ballistic missile |date=6 February 2020 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=12 February 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Pralay (missile)|Pralay]]<br /> | [[Surface-to-surface missile|Surface-to-surface]] [[short range ballistic missile|SRBM]]<br /> | [[Inertial navigation system]]<br /> | {{cvt|500|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 6.1<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] &lt;br&gt; [[High explosive]] &lt;br&gt; [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Fragmentation]]<br /> | TBD<br /> | In service<br /> | [[File:Launch_of_indigenously_developed_surface-to-surface_missile_Pralay_(cropped).jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=9 March 2017 |title=Thirtieth Report on Demands for Grants of the Ministry of Defence for the year 2017-18 pertaining to Revenue Budget of Ordnance Factories, Defence Research and Development Organisation, DGQA and NCC (Demand No. 20) |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/65189/1/16_Defence_30.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403162514/https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/65189/1/16_Defence_30.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=23 July 2025 |website=eparlib.nic.in |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |page=59 |place=New Delhi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[ET-LDHCM]]<br /> |[[Hypersonic weapon|Hypersonic]] [[cruise missile|CM]]<br /> |<br /> |&gt;{{Convert|1500|km|}}<br /> |&gt;[[Mach number|Mach]] 8<br /> |[[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] or [[strategic nuclear weapon|Nuclear]]<br /> |TBD<br /> |In development<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=14 July 2025 |title=India testing a missile that flies at eight times the speed of sound, hits targets 1,500 km away |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/india-testing-a-missile-that-flies-at-eight-times-the-speed-of-sound-hits-targets-1500-km-away/articleshow/122432167.cms?from=mdr |access-date=23 July 2025 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Surya missile|Surya]]<br /> | [[Surface-to-surface missile|Surface-to-surface]] [[intercontinental ballistic missile|ICBM]]<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |{{cvt|16000|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 27<br /> | [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]] or [[strategic nuclear weapon|Nuclear]] &lt;br&gt; [[Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle|MITRV]]<br /> | Unknown<br /> | Unconfirmed<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Surya ICBM |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/india/surya.htm |access-date=14 November 2019 |work=Global security}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Anti-satellite==<br /> {{see also |Mission Shakti}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center|100px; font-size: 85%; width:95em;&quot;<br /> ! Family<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Design<br /> ! Guidance<br /> ! Range<br /> ! Warhead<br /> ! {{tooltip|Intr.|Introduction}}<br /> ! Status<br /> ! Image<br /> ! {{tooltip|Ref.|Source}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Programme#Prithvi Defence Vehicle Mark 2|Prithvi Defence Vehicle]]<br /> | Mark I/Mark II<br /> | [[Exoatmospheric]] &lt;br&gt; [[Anti-ballistic missile|ABM]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|IND}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | [[Ring laser gyroscope|Ring laser gyro]] based [[inertial navigation system]] &lt;br&gt; [[Infrared homing|Imaging infrared homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|5000|km}}<br /> | [[Kinetic kill vehicle]]<br /> | TBD<br /> | In development<br /> | [[File:Launch_of_DRDO's_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_interceptor_missile_for_an_ASAT_test_on_27_March_2019.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://themirk.com/india-enters-the-elite-club-successfully-shot-down-low-orbit-satellite/ |title=India Enters the Elite Club: Successfully Shot Down Low Orbit Satellite |last=Solanki |first=Lalit |date=27 March 2019 |work=The Mirk |access-date=22 April 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Guided bombs==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center|100px; font-size: 85%; width:95em;&quot;<br /> ! Family<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Designer<br /> ! Guidance<br /> ! Warhead<br /> ! {{tooltip|Intr.|Introduction}}<br /> ! Status<br /> ! Image<br /> ! {{tooltip|Ref.|Source}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Paveway]]<br /> | Paveway-III<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Guided bomb]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Texas Instruments]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; | [[Beam riding]]<br /> | 907 kg<br /> | 1994<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| In service<br /> | [[File:Paveway_II_p1230135.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| &lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Bombe Guidée Laser|BGL]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Matra]]<br /> |<br /> | 1995<br /> | [[File:Dassault_Mirage_2000N,_France_-_Air_Force_AN0786857.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Griffin LGB]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel Aerospace Industries|IAI]]<br /> |<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[File:HAL_Tejas_KH-2017_(LSP-07)_with_Griffin_Laser_Guided_Bomb,_Litening_LDP_and_Vympel_R-73E_SRAAM.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[KAB-500]]<br /> | [[KAB-500L]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Tactical Missiles Corporation|TMC]]<br /> | 450 kg<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[File:KAB-500L_aerial_bomb_in_Park_Patriot_01.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Spice (bomb)|Spice]]<br /> | Spice 2000<br /> | {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems|Rafael]]<br /> | 113 kg<br /> | 2009<br /> | [[File:ILA_Berlin_2012_PD_035.JPG|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Sudarshan laser-guided bomb|Sudarshan]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|India}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |450 kg<br /> | 2013<br /> | [[File:Sudarshan_bomb.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Air Force orders 50 laser-guided bombs from ADE|url=http://newindianexpress.com/nation/article1471238.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223034755/http://newindianexpress.com/nation/article1471238.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 February 2013|access-date=20 February 2013|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=20 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon|CBU]]<br /> | SBU-97<br /> | {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Textron]]<br /> | 2017<br /> | [[File:Load_‘er_up.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;SIPRI&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Krasnopol (weapon system)|Krasnopol]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Guided bomb|Guided shell]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[KBP Instrument Design Bureau|KBP]]<br /> | 50 kg <br /> | 2001<br /> | [[File:2K25_Krasnopol.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[M982 Excalibur]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|USA}} [[U.S. Army Research Laboratory|ARL]] &lt;br&gt; <br /> {{Flagicon|USA}} [[United States Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center|AARDE]]<br /> | 5.4 kg<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[File:XM982_Excalibur_inert_(cropped).jpg|center|100px]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Missile defence==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center|100px; font-size: 85%; width:95em;&quot;<br /> ! Family<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Designer<br /> ! Guidance<br /> ! Range<br /> ! {{tooltip|Altitude|Interception altitude}}<br /> ! {{tooltip|Speed|Maximum Speed}}<br /> ! Warhead<br /> ! {{tooltip|Intr.|Introduction}}<br /> ! Status<br /> ! Image<br /> ! {{tooltip|Ref.|Source}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme]] &lt;br&gt; Phase I<br /> | [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#Prithvi Air Defence (PAD)|Pradyumna]]<br /> | [[Exoatmospheric]] [[anti-ballistic missile|ABM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | {{Flagicon|IND}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Inertial navigation system]] &lt;br&gt; [[Active radar homing]]<br /> | {{cvt|2000|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|80|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 5+<br /> | [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; [[Kinetic kill vehicle]] &lt;br&gt; 40&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 2006<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | In service<br /> | [[File:A_modified_Prithvi_missile_as_the_enemy_target_lifting_off_from_the_integrated_test_range_at_Chandipur-on-sea_for_the_advanced_air_defence_missile_test_on_December_06,_2007.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Sagar |first1=Pradip R |title=Explained: India's Ballistic Missile Defence programme, developed by DRDO |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/09/11/explained-indias-ballistic-missile-defence-programme-developed-by-drdo.html |access-date=4 November 2022 |work=The Week |date=11 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#Advanced Air Defence (AAD)|Advanced Air Defence]]<br /> | [[Missile defense#Endoatmospheric|Endoatmospheric]] [[anti-ballistic missile|ABM]]<br /> | {{cvt|150|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|40|km}}<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 4.5<br /> | [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; [[Kinetic kill vehicle]] &lt;br&gt; 40&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[File:AAD_Launch_Crop.jpg|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/07/stories/2007120761241800.htm |title=Interceptor missile scores 'direct hit' |date=7 December 2007 |access-date=24 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026072530/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/07/stories/2007120761241800.htm |archive-date=26 October 2012 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#Prithvi Defence Vehicle (PDV)|Prithvi Defence Vehicle]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Exoatmospheric]] [[anti-ballistic missile|ABM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Ring laser gyroscope|Ring laser gyro]] based [[inertial navigation system|INS]] &lt;br&gt; [[Infrared homing]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | {{cvt|5000|km}}<br /> | {{cvt|180|km}}<br /> |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|Pre-fragmented]] &lt;br&gt; [[Kinetic kill vehicle]] &lt;br&gt; <br /> | 2019<br /> | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://odishasuntimes.com/india-test-fires-high-speed-interceptor-missile-off-odisha-coast/ |title=India test fires high speed interceptor missile off Odisha coast |access-date=24 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212190430/https://odishasuntimes.com/india-test-fires-high-speed-interceptor-missile-off-odisha-coast/ |archive-date=12 February 2019 | work=Odisha Times |url-status=usurped}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme]] Phase II <br /> | [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#Prithvi Defence Vehicle Mark 2|Prithvi Defence Vehicle Mark-II]]<br /> | {{cvt|1200|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Mach number|Mach]] 5+<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | TBD<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | In development<br /> | [[File:Launch_of_DRDO's_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_interceptor_missile_for_an_ASAT_test_on_27_March_2019.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.janes.com/article/87788/india-s-drdo-reveals-additional-details-of-recent-asat-missile-test |title=India's DRDO reveals additional details of recent ASAT missile test |work=Jane’s 360 |access-date=24 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#AD-1 missile|AD-1]]<br /> |[[Missile defense#Endoatmospheric|Endoatmospheric]] [[anti-ballistic missile|ABM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | TBA<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:AD-1 long-range interceptor missile - 1.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-developing-defence-system-for-more-capable-missiles-senior-officer-1948841 |title=India Developing Defence System For More Capable Missiles | work=[[NDTV]] |access-date=1 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#AD-2 missile|AD-2]]<br /> |[[Exoatmospheric]] [[anti-ballistic missile|ABM]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Negi |first1=Manjeet |title=India can destroy enemy missiles fired at it from 5000 km away, says DRDO |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-detect-enemy-missile-from-5000-km-away-drdo-ad1-2293091-2022-11-04 |work=[[India Today]] |date=4 November 2022 |access-date=1 December 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Multiple rocket==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center|100px; font-size: 85%; width:95em;&quot;<br /> ! Family<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Designer<br /> ! Guidance<br /> ! Range<br /> ! Altitude<br /> ! {{tooltip|Speed|Maximum Speed}}<br /> ! Warhead<br /> ! {{tooltip|Intr.|Introduction}}<br /> ! Status<br /> ! Image<br /> ! {{tooltip|Ref.|Source}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher|Pinaka]]<br /> | Pinaka Mk I<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Multiple rocket launcher]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | {{Flagicon|IND}} [[DRDO]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Ring laser gyroscope|Ring laser gyro]] based [[inertial navigation system|INS]] with [[GPS]]/[[Satellite navigation|NavIC]]<br /> | {{cvt|37.5|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | {{cvt|40|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Mach number|Mach]] 4<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[High explosive]], [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|pre-fragmentated]], [[cluster munition|cluster]], [[anti-tank]] &lt;br&gt; 250&amp;nbsp;kg<br /> | 1998<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | In service<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[File:Pinaka_missiles_fired_in_salvo_mode_on_December_20,_2019.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/pinaka.htm|title=Pinaka Multibarrel Rocket Launcher |access-date=24 November 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223201044/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/pinaka.htm |archive-date=23 December 2014 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157988 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827222003/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157988 |archive-date=27 August 2017 |df=dmy-all|title=Pinaka Rocket |publisher=Government of India }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Pinaka Mk IE<br /> | {{cvt|45|km}}<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | Pinaka Mk II<br /> | {{cvt|60|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | TBD<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | In trials<br /> |-<br /> | Guided Pinaka<br /> | {{cvt|75|km}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pinaka ERR 122<br /> | {{cvt|60|km}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | In development<br /> |-<br /> | Pinaka Mk II ER<br /> | {{cvt|90|km}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pinaka Mk III<br /> | {{cvt|120|km}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Technology demonstrators==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center|100px; font-size: 85%; width:95em;&quot;<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Designer<br /> ! Guidance<br /> ! Range<br /> ! {{tooltip|Speed|Maximum Speed}}<br /> ! Warhead<br /> ! {{tooltip|Intr.|Introduction}}<br /> ! Status<br /> ! Image<br /> ! {{tooltip|Ref.|Source}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle]]<br /> | [[Hypersonic]] test bed <br /> | {{Flagicon|IND}} [[DRDO]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | [[Mach number|Mach]] 12<br /> | <br /> | 2019<br /> | In testing<br /> | [[File:HSTDV_mounted_on_solid_booster_stage,_erected_vertical_at_launch_site.jpg|center|100px]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Subramanian |first=T.S. |title=DRDO developing hypersonic missile |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/09/stories/2008050955301300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513092221/http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/09/stories/2008050955301300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 May 2008|access-date=24 November 2019 |date=9 May 2008 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of active Indian military aircraft]]<br /> * [[List of Indian military radars]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{clear}}<br /> {{Indian Armed Forces}}<br /> {{Indian missiles}}<br /> {{Defence Research and Development Organisation}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Guided missiles of India]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=TSR_Srinivasan&diff=539206 2026-05-06T10:08:42Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: Created - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actor}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = TSR Srinivasan<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = Dharmaraj<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | other_names = TSR Dharmaraj<br /> | occupation = Actor, politician<br /> | years_active = 1991; 2014{{Endash}}present<br /> | known_for = Actor<br /> | notable_works = <br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> }}<br /> '''TSR Dharmaraj''', also popularly known as '''TSR Srinivasan''', is an Indian actor and politician representing the party [[Indian National Congress]]. who predominantly featured in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil films]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=|first=|date=2024-06-15 |title=டீ கடைக்கு வந்த காமெடி நடிகரை கலாய்த்த ரசிகர்கள் {{!}} nellai ,comedyactor ,teashop ,viralvideo ,thanthitv |url=https://www.thanthitv.com/news/tamilnadu/nellai-comedyactor-teashop-viralvideo-thanthitv-270594 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=www.thanthitv.com |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Srinivasan worked in the textile industry in [[Tiruppur]]. After some time in the textile industry, he lost the appetite due to workload, trade embargoes, financial constraints and persistent losses.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |title='அப்பாவுக்கு 35, அம்மாவுக்கு 15, நான் இப்படி தானே இருப்பேன்' TSR வேதனை! |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/ayali-actor-tsr-srinivasan-interview-about-our-life-131677746619660.html |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Tamil Hindustan Times |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; He worked as a restaurant franchisee in the 1990s. He later pursued an interest in acting after gaining a source of inspiration from his reading habits. In an interview, he credited that reading books eventually paid rich dividends for him, which propelled him to embark on pursuing greener pastures by venturing into the cine field. In the beginning of his film acting career, he received a remuneration of INR 200–300 per film and he began to make inroads by accepting minor roles, uncredited roles in films.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He also revealed that he waited in the queues for film casting in pursuit of potential opportunities to act in films. He revealed that he was present as a crowd artist among the crowd which was gathered at the shooting location of [[Idhayam (film)|''Idhayam'']] (1991) and ''[[Aranmanai]]'' (2014).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=|title=கோடி கோடியா சம்பாதித்தேன்..இப்போ 200 ரூபாய்க்கு நடிச்சிட்டு இருக்கேன் {{!}} TSR -Dharmaraj |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/videos/tamil-cinema-videos/---200------tsr--dharmaraj/288745 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Dinamalar |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; His first role that got him recognition was in [[Sethupathi (film)|''Sethupathi'']] (2016), where he plays the role of an investigation officer.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> He played a full-fledged villainous character named Dharmaraj in [[ZEE5]]'s family thriller television series ''[[Ayali (2023 TV series)|Ayali]]'' (2023).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; <br /> He participated in ''[[Top Cooku Dupe Cooku season 2]]'' as a contestant.&lt;ref name=&quot;Top Cooku Dupe Cooku 2: Here's the full and final list of contestants this season&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Top Cooku Dupe Cooku 2: Here's the full and final list of contestants this season |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/top-cooku-dupe-cooku-2-heres-the-full-and-final-list-of-contestants-this-season/photostory/123255158.cms |access-date=21 April 2026 |work=The Times of India |date=12 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260421052320/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/top-cooku-dupe-cooku-2-heres-the-full-and-final-list-of-contestants-this-season/photostory/123255158.cms |archive-date=21 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> === Tamil films ===<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> *''[[Idhayam (film)|Idhayam]]'' (1991)<br /> *''[[Aranmanai]]'' (2014)<br /> *''[[Vindhai]]'' (2015)<br /> *''[[Aagam (film)|Aagam]]'' (2016)<br /> *[[Sethupathi (film)|''Sethupathi'']] (2016)<br /> *''[[Jithan 2]]'' (2016)<br /> *''[[Manithan (2016 film)|Manithan]]'' (2016)<br /> *''[[Rekka (film)|Rekka]]'' (2016)<br /> *''[[Enakku Vaaitha Adimaigal]]'' (2017)<br /> *''[[Si3 (film)|Si3]]'' (2017)<br /> *''[[Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru]]'' (2017)<br /> *''[[Oru Kidayin Karunai Manu]]'' (2017)<br /> *''[[Sandakozhi 2]]'' (2018)<br /> *''[[Thimiru Pudichavan]]'' (2018)<br /> *''[[Devarattam]]'' (2019)<br /> *''[[Monster (2019 film)|Monster]]'' (2019)<br /> *''[[Kalavani 2]]'' (2019)<br /> *''[[Aadai]]'' (2019)<br /> *''[[Namma Veettu Pillai]]'' (2019)<br /> *''[[Petromax (2019 film)|Petromax]]'' (2019)<br /> *''[[Puppy (2019 film)|Puppy]]'' (2019)<br /> *''[[Bigil]]'' (2019)<br /> *''[[Walter (2020 film)|Walter]]'' (2020)<br /> *''[[Ponmagal Vandhal]]'' (2020)<br /> *''[[Mookuthi Amman]]'' (2020)<br /> *''[[Kaadan]]'' (2021)<br /> *''[[Aranmanai 3]]'' (2021)<br /> *''[[Enemy (2021 film)|Enemy]]'' (2021)<br /> *''[[Bachelor (2021 film)|Bachelor]]'' (2021)<br /> *''Tamil Rockers'' (2021)<br /> *''[[Gulu Gulu]]'' (2022)<br /> *''[[Idiot (2022 film)|Idiot]]'' (2022)<br /> *''[[Panni Kutty]]'' (2022)<br /> *''[[The Legend (2022 film)|The Legend]]'' (2022)<br /> *''[[Kaatteri]]'' (2022)<br /> *''[[Poikkal Kudhirai (2022 film)|Poikkal Kudhirai]]'' (2022)<br /> *''[[Kadamaiyai Sei]]'' (2022)<br /> *''[[Cobra (2022 film)|Cobra]]'' (2022)<br /> *''[[Diary (2022 film)|Diary]]'' (2022)<br /> *''[[Oke Oka Jeevitham|Kanam]]'' (2022)<br /> *''[[Sardar (2022 film)|Sardar]]'' (2022)<br /> *''[[Gatta Kusthi]]'' (2022)<br /> *''[[Parole (2022 film)|Parole]]'' (2022)<br /> *''[[Run Baby Run (2023 film)|Run Baby Run]]'' (2023)<br /> *''[[Bagheera (2023 film)|Bagheera]]'' (2023)<br /> *''[[Kondraal Paavam]]'' (2023)<br /> *''[[Kannai Nambathey]]'' (2023)<br /> *''[[Kondraal Paavam]]'' (2023)<br /> *''[[August 16 1947]]'' (2023)<br /> *''[[Vaan Moondru]]'' (2023)<br /> *''[[Mark Antony (2023 film)|Mark Antony]]'' (2023)<br /> *''[[Japan (2023 film)|Japan]]'' (2023)<br /> *''[[Annapoorani: The Goddess of Food]]'' (2023)<br /> *''[[Siren (2024 film)|Siren]]'' (2024)<br /> *''[[PT Sir]]'' (2024)<br /> *''Ini Oru Kadhal Seivom'' (2024)<br /> *''[[Indian 2]]'' (2024)<br /> *''[[7/G]]'' (2024)<br /> *''[[Jolly O Gymkhana (film)|Jolly O Gymkhana]]'' (2024)<br /> *''[[Kudumbasthan]]'' (2025)<br /> *''[[Otha Votu Muthaiya]]'' (2025)<br /> *''[[Aghathiyaa]]'' (2025)<br /> *''[[Sabdham]]'' (2025)<br /> *''[[The Door (2025 film)|The Door]]'' (2025)<br /> *''[[House Mates]]'' (2025)<br /> *''[[Gandhi Kannadi]]'' (2025)<br /> *''[[Will (2025 film)|Will]]'' (2025)<br /> *''[[Kambi Katna Kathai]]'' (2025)<br /> *''[[Others (film)|Others]]'' (2025)<br /> *''Gilli Mappilai'' (2026)<br /> *''[[Youth (2026 film)|Youth]]'' (2026)<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> === Other language films ===<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> *''[[Kaadan|Aranya / Hathi Mere Saathi]]'' (2021; Telugu/Hindi)<br /> *''[[Oke Oka Jeevitham]]'' (2022; Telugu)<br /> *''[[Varshangalkku Shesham]]'' (2024; Malayalam) as art director Ilango<br /> *''[[Game Changer (film)|Game Changer]]'' (2025; Telugu)<br /> <br /> === Web series ===<br /> * ''[[Vella Raja]]'' (2018)<br /> * ''[[Karoline Kamakshi]]'' (2019)<br /> * ''[[Ayali (2023 TV series)|Ayali]]'' (2023)<br /> * ''[[Office (2025 TV series)|Office]]'' (2025)<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> === Music videos ===<br /> * ''Pavazha Malli''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b68HETiNO98|title=@SaiAbhyankkar - Pavazha Malli (Music Video) &amp;#124; Kayadu &amp;#124; Shruti Haasan &amp;#124; Vivek &amp;#124; Thejo &amp;#124; Think Indie|date=March 5, 2026|via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb name|14246549}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivasan, TSR}}<br /> [[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil comedians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Tamil male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male comedians]]<br /> [[Category:Top Cooku Dupe Cooku contestants]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abhanga_Tukaram&diff=484278 2026-05-03T14:22:43Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: adding first stub w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2025 Indian Marathi-language film by Digpal Lanjekar}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}} <br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Abhanga Tukaram<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Digpal Lanjekar]]<br /> | producer = {{Plainlist|<br /> * Kumar Mangat Pathak<br /> * Abhishek Pathak <br /> * [[Ajay Purkar]]<br /> * Digpal Lanjekar }}<br /> | screenplay = Digpal Lanjekar<br /> | story = Yogesh Soman<br /> | based_on = <br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * Smita Shewale<br /> * Yogesh Soman<br /> * Ajay Purkar<br /> * [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]]<br /> * [[Mrinal Kulkarni]]<br /> }}<br /> | music = '''Score:'''&lt;br/&gt;Mayur Raut&lt;br/&gt;'''Songs:'''&lt;br/&gt;Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | cinematography = Sandip Shinde<br /> | editing = Sagar Shinde&lt;br&gt;Vinay Shinde<br /> | studio = Chitrakathee Creations&lt;br&gt;Dithee Productions<br /> | distributor = [[Panorama Studios]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2025|11|07}}<br /> | runtime = 135 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Marathi<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Abhanga Tukaram''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[historical drama]] film written and directed by [[Digpal Lanjekar]], known for his earlier series of Marathi historical films known as ''[[Shri Shivraj Ashtak]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marathi |first=TV9 |date=2024-11-12 |title=संतश्रेष्ठ तुकाराम महाराजांच्या अभंग गाथेवरील ‘आनंदडोह’;संत साहित्याचे समृद्ध संचित रुपेरी पडद्यावर |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/aananddoh-marathi-movie-based-on-tukaram-maharaj-abhang-gatha-directed-by-digpal-lanjekar-1300746.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Payal |date=2025-08-12 |title=जगद्‌गुरू संतश्रेष्ठ तुकाराम महाराजांच्या गाथेची कथा दिसणार 'अभंग तुकाराम’ मध्ये; कोण साकारणार मुख्य भूमिका? |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/who-will-play-sant-tukaram-in-the-film-abhang-tukaram-psn14 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film chronicles the life, teachings, and literary legacy of [[Tukaram|Sant Tukaram Maharaj]], the 17th-century Marathi saint-poet and key figure of the [[Bhakti movement]] in [[Maharashtra]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-08-30 |title=देहूनगरीत ‘अभंग तुकाराम’ चित्रपटाचा भक्तीमय सोहळा |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/actor-yogesh-soman-marathi-film-abhang-tukaram-show-held-in-dehu-zws-70-5340992/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; It stars Yogesh Soman in the titular role, with Smita Shewale, [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]], [[Mrinal Kulkarni]], [[Ajay Purkar]] and Ajinkya Raut in pivotal roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Talkies |first=Movie |title=Yogesh Soman to portray Sant Tukaram in Abhang Tukaram; First Look Launched in Dehu – |url=https://www.movietalkies.com/News/yogesh-soman-portray-sant-tukaram-abhang-tukaram-9755703 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=www.movietalkies.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-08-12 |title='अभंग तुकाराम'! दिग्पाल लांजेकरचा नवीन सिनेमा, मालिकाविश्वातील 'हा' लोकप्रिय अभिनेता झळकणार मुख्य भूमिकेत |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/digpal-lanjekar-announces-new-movie-abhang-tukaram-ajinkya-raut-to-play-lead-in-the-film-ads-02-5299129/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was produced by Chitrakathee Creations and Dithee Production, and was released theatrically on 7 November 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=यादव |first=अमृता |date=2025-10-24 |title=Marathi Movie: ‘अभंग तुकाराम’ चित्रपटाचा टिझर चक्क संस्कृत भाषेत,चाहत्यांनी दिला अनोखा सन्मान |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/movies/teaser-of-the-film-abhang-tukaram-in-sanskrit-language1030221-1030221.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Navarashtra |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The music for the film was composed by Avadhoot Gandhi, built primarily around Tukaram's original [[Abhang|abhangas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-10-14 |title=‘अभंग तुकाराम’ चित्रपटाचा संगीत लोकार्पण सोहळा संपन्न, कलाकारही चित्रपटातील लूकमधून थेट मंचावर {{!}} abhang Tukaram movie |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/the-music-launch-ceremony-of-the-film-abhang-tukaram-was-held-the-actors-also-appeared-on-stage-directly-in-their-looks-from-the-film/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |language=mr-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The film follows the life of Sant Tukaram Maharaj (Yogesh Soman), a humble shopkeeper from [[Dehu|Dehu, Maharashtra]], who transforms into one of the greatest spiritual reformers of 17th-century India. The narrative explores Tukaram's personal hardships, including the loss of his first wife and child and the ensuing poverty, and how these trials deepened his spiritual yearning and devotion to [[Vithoba|Lord Vitthal]].<br /> <br /> Central to the story is the unflinching support of his second wife Avali (Smita Shewale), who stands by him despite the social and economic consequences of his devotional vocation. It portrays how Tukaram's [[Abhang|abhangas]] challenged the rigid caste hierarchy of his time, bringing him into conflict with orthodox religious authorities.<br /> <br /> A pivotal conflict arises when Brahmin scholars, led by Rameshwar Bhatt ([[Sameer Dharmadhikari]]), order Tukaram to destroy his Gatha as it is deemed an infringement of the exclusive rights of the upper-caste clergy over scripture. Tukaram's calm, faith-centred response submerging his writings in the [[Indrayani River]] and awaiting divine judgment.<br /> <br /> It also intersects the parallel story of [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]] (Ajinkya Raut), who was a devoted admirer of Tukaram. The narrative shows the resonance between the spiritual courage of the saint and the political valour of the warrior king, reflecting Marathi pride in both figures. [[Jijabai]] ([[Mrinal Kulkarni]]) also features as a revered historical figure who embodied devotion and resolve.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> * Yogesh Soman as [[Tukaram|Sant Tukaram]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Cine |date=2025-08-28 |title=Actor Yogesh Soman to portray Jagadguru Sant Tukaram Maharaj in ‘Abhang Tukaram’! - Latest News, Breaking News, National News, World News, India News, Bollywood News, Business News, Politics News, Sports News, Entertainment News - CineBuster |url=https://www.cinebuster.in/actor-yogesh-soman-to-portray-jagadguru-sant-tukaram-maharaj-in-abhang-tukaram/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** Rugved Soman as Young Tukaram<br /> * Smita Shewale as Avali (Jijai), Tukaram's wife&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-11-06 |title=&quot;विठ्ठलाची माफी मागितली कारण…&quot;, स्मिता शेवाळे असं का म्हणाली? सांगितला 'अभंग तुकाराम'च्या सेटवरील अनुभव |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/marathi-actress-smita-shewale-talk-about-her-role-in-abhang-tukaram-movie-and-shares-experience-ssm-00-5490411/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Ajay Purkar]] as Mambaji&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-10-09 |title=अभिनेते अजय पूरकर साकारणार खलनायक, ‘अभंग तुकाराम’ चित्रपटात ‘मंबाजी’च्या भूमिकेत |url=https://www.loksatta.com/mumbai/ajay-purkar-as-negative-villain-mambaji-in-abhang-tukaram-marathi-movie-digpal-lanjekar-mumbai-print-news-ocd-94-5432252/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]] as Rameshwar Bhatt, Brahmin scholar antagonist<br /> * [[Mrinal Kulkarni]] as [[Jijabai]], Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's mother<br /> * [[Nikhil Raut]] as [[Moropant Trimbak Pingle|Moropant]]<br /> * Sachin Bhilare as Pantaji<br /> * Abhijeet Shwetchandra as [[Vithoba|Lord Vitthal]]<br /> ** Abheer Gore as young Vitthal<br /> * Virajas Kulkarni as Savji Maharaj<br /> * Ajinkya Raut as [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]]<br /> * Nupur Daithankar as [[Rukmini]]<br /> * Avadhoot Gandhi as Kalokhe Patil<br /> * Sunil Godbole as Rameshwar Bhatt's assistant<br /> * Bipin Surve as Baji Sarjerao<br /> * Tejas Barve as [[Dnyaneshwar|Sant Dnyaneshwar]]<br /> * Sharvari Joshi Ausekar<br /> * Rudra Kolekar as Mhadya, Tukaram's son<br /> * Ishmita Joshi as Bhagirathi, Tukaram's daughter<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> [[Ajay Purkar]] plays the antagonist in the film, having previously been seen in protagonist roles in Digpal Lanjekar’s earlier films.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Cine |date=2025-10-09 |title=Actor Ajay Purkar to Play Antagonist in ‘Abhang Tukaram’! - Latest News, Breaking News, National News, World News, India News, Bollywood News, Business News, Politics News, Sports News, Entertainment News - CineBuster |url=https://www.cinebuster.in/actor-ajay-purkar-to-play-antagonist-in-abhang-tukaram/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kadam |first=Shruti Vilas |date=2025-10-10 |title=Abhang Tukaram: हा मराठी अभिनेता झळकणार खलनायक अवतारात; 'अभंग तुकाराम'मध्ये साकारणार खास भूमिका |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/ajay-purkar-as-villain-mambaji-in-abhang-tukaram-marathi-movie-digpal-lanjekar-director-svk01 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Marathi News {{!}} Saam TV |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Chinmay Mandlekar]], who has been part of Lanjekar’s ''[[Shri Shivraj Ashtak]]'' portraying [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]], does not play the role in this film; instead, it is portrayed by Ajinkya Raut, as Lanjekar felt Mandlekar would appear older for the role, considering Shivaji was around 17 years old at the time of his meeting with Tukaram.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Komal Khambe |date=2025-10-19 |title=...म्हणून अभंग तुकाराममध्ये महाराजांच्या भूमिकेत चिन्मय मांडलेकर नाही&quot;, अखेर दिग्पाल लांजेकरांनी सांगितलं कारण |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/digpal-lanjekar-revealed-why-chinmay-mandalekar-is-not-playing-chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-role-in-abhang-tukaram-movie-a-a971/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=यादव |first=अमृता |date=2025-10-22 |title=‘अभंग तुकाराम’ मध्ये छत्रपती शिवाजी महाराजांची भूमिका साकारणार अजिंक्य राऊत,म्हणाला,”माझ्यासाठी खास..” |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/movies/bollywood/ajinkya-raut-overwhelming-experience-in-the-role-of-chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-in-abhang-tukaram-movie-1028029.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Navarashtra |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by Avadhoot Gandhi, who also appears in the film in the role of Kalokhe Patil. The soundtrack is centred on Sant Tukaram's original abhangas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-10-15 |title=‘अभंग तुकाराम’ चित्रपटाचा संगीत अनावरण सोहळा संपन्न... सांस्कृतिक कार्य मंत्री ॲड. आशिष शेलार उपस्थित |url=https://www.loksatta.com/mumbai/abhang-tukaram-movie-music-unveiling-ceremony-in-presence-of-aashish-shelar-mumbai-print-news-css-98-5442087/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 30:49<br /> | title1 = Aamhi Vaikunthvasi<br /> | length1 = 2:55<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Tukaram|Sant Tukaram Maharaj]]<br /> | music1 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | extra1 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | title2 = Jethe Jato Tethe<br /> | length2 = 2:57<br /> | lyrics2 = Sant Tukaram Maharaj<br /> | music2 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | extra2 = Jaydeep Vaidya, Ajit Vispute, Chandrakant Mane, Nutan Parab, Amita Ghugari, Mukta Joshi, Ishwari Baviskar<br /> | title3 = Anandache Dohi<br /> | length3 = 3:17<br /> | lyrics3 = Sant Tukaram Maharaj<br /> | music3 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | extra3 = [[Bela Shende]]<br /> | title4 = Rajas Sukumar<br /> | length4 = 4:33<br /> | lyrics4 = Sant Tukaram Maharaj<br /> | music4 = [[Anand Modak]]<br /> | extra4 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | title5 = Bolava Vitthal<br /> | length5 = 3:33<br /> | lyrics5 = Sant Tukaram Maharaj<br /> | music5 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | extra5 = [[Ajay Purkar]], Kedar Joshi, Dnyaneshwar Meshram, Chandrakant Mane<br /> | title6 = Bolava Vitthal – Ajay Purkar Version<br /> | length6 = 3:33<br /> | lyrics6 = Sant Tukaram Maharaj<br /> | music6 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | extra6 = Ajay Purkar<br /> | title7 = Dnyaniyancha Raja<br /> | length7 = 3:27<br /> | lyrics7 = Sant Tukaram Maharaj<br /> | music7 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | extra7 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | title8 = Ved Anant Bolila<br /> | length8 = 1:56<br /> | lyrics8 = Sant Tukaram Maharaj<br /> | music8 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | extra8 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | title9 = Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava<br /> | length9 = 1:57<br /> | lyrics9 = Sant Tukaram Maharaj<br /> | music9 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | extra9 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | title10 = Sundar Te Dhyaan<br /> | length10 = 2:42<br /> | lyrics10 = Sant Tukaram Maharaj<br /> | music10 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> | extra10 = Avadhoot Gandhi<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> ''Abhanga Tukaram'' was released theatrically across India on 7 November 2025, distributed by [[Panorama Studios]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-11-02 |title='अभंग तुकाराम'चे शुक्रवारी प्रदर्शन |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/abhang-tukaram-movie-release-on-friday-css-98-5480551/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; The grand music launch was held on 15 October 2025 and was attended by [[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Maharashtra)|Minister of Cultural Affairs]] [[Ashish Shelar]], while the official trailer was unveiled on 28 October 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kale |first=Krantee V. |date=2025-10-15 |title=‘अभंग तुकाराम’ चित्रपटाचा संगीत लोकार्पण सोहळा संपन्न; प्रदर्शनाची तारीखही आली समोर |url=https://marathi.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/abhang-tukaram-movie-release-date-and-trailer |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=marathi.freepressjournal.in |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=narayan |first=kimaya |date=2025-10-15 |title=Video : तुकोबांचे अभंग गात विठ्ठल नामात दंग झाले कलाकार ! अभंग तुकाराम सिनेमाचा संगीत लोकार्पण सोहळा संपन्न |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/digpal-lanjekar-directed-abhang-tukaram-movie-music-launched-with-bhajan-and-kirtan-entertainment-news-kds07 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=narayan |first=kimaya |date=2025-10-30 |title=लोककल्याणाची गाथा आणि भक्तीचा वसा ! अभंग तुकाराम सिनेमाचा ट्रेलर प्रदर्शित, या तारखेला रिलीज होणार सिनेमा |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/abhang-tukaram-movie-trailer-out-on-social-media-entertainment-news-kds07 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> === Critical response ===<br /> Anub George of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, &quot;Being based on real life events there are definite issues with pacing but devotees are sure to have a heart warming experience watching their beloved Sant.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abhanga Tukaram Movie Review: A musical deep dive into the life of Sant Tukaram |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/abhanga-tukaram/movie-review/125155454.cms |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Santosh Bhingarde of ''[[Sakal]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars, particularly praising the performances and music, and wrote, &quot;Although the pace of the film is a bit slow and the story does not progress much after the interval, the story of Sant Tukaram's Abhangas is presented in a suitable combination of devotion, faith, religion, spirituality and sacrifice.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bhingarde |first=Santosh |date=2025-11-08 |title=Movie Review : अभंग तुकाराम - धर्माची, त्यागाची आणि संघर्षाची उद्बोधक कथा |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/digpal-lanjekar-directed-abhang-tukaram-movie-review-entertainment-news-kds07 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|id=37934198}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2025 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in the Maratha Empire]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in the 17th century]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi-language historical drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:2020s historical drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Marathi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian historical drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu devotional films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Indian films]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indore%E2%80%93New_Delhi_Intercity_Superfast_Express&diff=504401 2026-04-30T22:50:19Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Train in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox rail service<br /> | name = Indore–New Delhi Intercity Superfast Express<br /> | logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Intercity Superfast Express]]<br /> | status = <br /> | locale = [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Haryana]] &amp; [[Delhi]]<br /> | first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1992|07|01}}<br /> | last = <br /> | operator = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]<br /> | ridership = <br /> | start = {{rws|Indore Junction||Indore}} (INDB)<br /> | stops = 19<br /> | end = {{rws|New Delhi}} (NDLS)<br /> | distance = {{convert|826|km|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | journeytime = 12 hours 15 minutes<br /> | frequency = Daily<br /> | class = AC First Class, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved<br /> | seating = Yes<br /> | sleeping = Yes<br /> | autorack = <br /> | catering = On-board Catering, &lt;br/&gt; E-Catering<br /> | observation = Large windows<br /> | entertainment = <br /> | baggage = Available<br /> | otherfacilities = Below the seats<br /> | stock = [[LHB coach]]<br /> | gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|allk=on}}<br /> | el = <br /> | trainnumber = 12415 / 12416<br /> | speed = {{convert|67|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.<br /> | map = <br /> | map_state = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The 12415 / 12316 '''Indore–New Delhi Intercity Superfast Express''' is a superfast express train service which runs between [[Indore]], the largest city and commercial hub of [[Central India]]n state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and New Delhi, the capital city of India. It is also called as the rajdhani express of Indore by railfans .<br /> <br /> This train is the only lengthy train from Indore, having a total of 22 Coaches and is the most preferable choice of the Indore people to reach Delhi. This train is the only ISO Certified train of Indore.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/delhi/story/northern-rly-shuffles-terminals-to-decongest-new-delhi-station-265523-2015-09-29], ''indiatoday.in'', 29 September 2015&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Coach composition==<br /> <br /> The train consists of 22 LHB coaches:<br /> <br /> * 1 AC First Class<br /> * 2 AC II Tier<br /> * 4 AC III Tier<br /> * 2 AC III Tier Economy <br /> * 6 Sleeper Class<br /> * 3 General Unreserved<br /> * 1 End on Generator (EoG)<br /> * 1 Seating Luggage Rake (SLR)<br /> <br /> ==Service==<br /> <br /> The 12415 '''Indore–New Delhi Intercity Superfast Express''' has an average speed of 61&amp;nbsp;km/h and covers 826&amp;nbsp;km in 13 hrs 35 mins.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/indore-new-delhi-intercity-sf-express-12415/1200/8/664|title=12415/Indore - New Delhi Intercity Superfast Express|website=India Rail Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The 12416 '''New Delhi-Indore Intercity Superfast Express''' has an average speed of 60&amp;nbsp;km/h and covers 826&amp;nbsp;km in 13 hrs 40 mins.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/new-delhi-indore-intercity-sf-express-12416/685/664/8|title=12416/New Delhi - Indore Intercity Superfast Express|website=India Rail Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Route and halts==<br /> <br /> The important halts of the train are :<br /> <br /> * '''{{rws|Indore Junction}}'''<br /> * {{rws|Dewas Junction}}<br /> * {{rws|Ujjain Junction}}<br /> * {{rws|Nagda Junction}}<br /> * {{rws|Vikramgarh Alot}}<br /> * {{rws|Shamgarh}}<br /> * {{rws|Bhawani Mandi}}<br /> * {{rws|Ramganj Mandi Junction}}<br /> * {{rws|Kota Junction}}<br /> * {{rws|Sawai Madhopur Junction}}<br /> * {{rws|Gangapur City}}<br /> * {{rws|Shri Mahabirji}}<br /> * {{rws|Bayana Junction}}<br /> * {{rws|Bharatpur Junction}}<br /> * {{rws|Mathura Junction}}<br /> * {{rws|Faridabad}}<br /> * {{rws|Hazrat Nizamuddin}}<br /> * '''{{rws|New Delhi}}'''<br /> <br /> ==Schedule==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Train Number !! Station Code !! Departure Station !! Departure Time !! Departure Day !! Arrival Station !! Arrival Time !! Arrival Day <br /> |-<br /> | 12415 || INDB || {{rws|Indore Junction}} || 16:35 PM || Daily || {{rws|New Delhi}} || 06:10 AM || Daily <br /> |-<br /> | 12416 || NDLS || {{rws|New Delhi}} || 22:00 PM || Daily || {{rws|Indore Junction}} || 11:40 AM || Daily <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Direction reversal==<br /> <br /> Train reverses its direction at:<br /> <br /> * {{rws|Nagda Junction}}<br /> <br /> ==Traction==<br /> <br /> Both trains are hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Tuglakabad|Tughlakabad Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive from end to end.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> * [[Malwa Express]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Railways in Northern India}}<br /> {{Railways in Central India}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Indore - New Delhi Intercity Express}}<br /> [[Category:Transport in Indore]]<br /> [[Category:Transport in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Railway services introduced in 1992]]<br /> [[Category:Superfast Express trains]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_foreign_Indian_Women%27s_League_players&diff=512968 2026-04-29T10:32:58Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: put up a pg more to come</p> <hr /> <div>{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Short description|none}}<br /> This is a list of foreign players in the [[Indian Women's League]] (IWL) which commenced play in the 2016–17 season. The following players must meet both of the following three criteria:<br /> #Players signed and registered by IWL clubs for the IWL season.<br /> #Players signed by IWL clubs only for continental competitions are not included.<br /> #Are considered foreign, i.e., outside [[India]] determined by the following:<br /> ::''A player is considered foreign if she is not eligible to play for the national team of India.''<br /> More specifically,<br /> *If a player has been capped on international level, the national team is used; if she has been capped by more than one country, the highest level (or the most recent) team is used.<br /> *If a player has not been capped on international level, her country of birth is used, except those who were born abroad from Indian parents or moved to India at a young age, and those who clearly indicated to have switched her nationality to another nation.<br /> <br /> Clubs listed are those which have contracted the player. Note that calendar years are used. This follows general practice in expressing years a player spent at club.<br /> <br /> As of March 2026, 17 different nations have been represented in the IWL. [[Mozambique]] is the most recent nation to be represented with [[Ninika]] debuting for [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] on 20 December 2025.<br /> <br /> '''In bold''': players who are currently active with an IWL club.<br /> <br /> {{updated|March 2026.}}<br /> {{Horizontal TOC|nonum=y}}<br /> <br /> ==Africa (CAF)==<br /> ===Cameroon {{flagicon|CMR}}===<br /> * [[Eliane Bodolo]] – [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]] – 2024–25<br /> * '''Sorelle Hornella Metiefangtagne''' – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2026–<br /> * Moussa Zouwairatou – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2024–25<br /> <br /> ===Ghana {{flagicon|GHA}}===<br /> * '''[[Philomena Abakah]]''' – [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2024–25, [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]] – 2026–<br /> * [[Elshaddai Acheampong]] – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2021–22, [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] – 2024–25<br /> * [[Gifty Acheampong]] – [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]] – 2024–25<br /> * Constance Achiaa – [[HOPS FC|HOPS]] – 2024–25<br /> * [[Vivian Adjei]] – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2022–23<br /> * Faustina Worwornyo Akpo – [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]] – 2022–23<br /> * Queenable Akousa Amankrah – [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]] – 2024–25<br /> * [[Gladys Amfobea]] – [[HOPS FC|HOPS]] – 2023–25<br /> * '''Abigail Antwi''' – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2025–<br /> * Diana Antwi – [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]] – 2025–26<br /> * [[Regina Antwi]] – [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]] – 2024–25<br /> * '''Veronica Appiah''' – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2023–24, [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]] – 2026–<br /> * '''Catherine Arthur''' – [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]] – 2026–<br /> * '''Sandra Atinga''' – [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]] – 2024–25, [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2025–<br /> * '''Elizabeth Danso''' – [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]] – 2026–<br /> * '''Doreen Graham''' – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2025–<br /> * Rahama Jafaru – [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]] – 2024–25<br /> * '''Sussana Konadu''' – [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]] – 2024–<br /> * '''Matilda Kwao''' – [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]] – 2025–<br /> * Joyce Larbi – [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]] – 2025–26<br /> * Priscilla Lartey – [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]] – 2025–26<br /> * Beatrice Ntiwaa Nketia – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2022–24, [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]] – 2025–26<br /> * '''Abena Anoma Opoku''' – [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] – 2025–<br /> * [[Sonia Opoku]] – Misaka United FC – 2022–23<br /> * '''Felicia Daw Owusu''' – [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]] – 2025–<br /> * Abigail Sakyiwaa – [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2024–25<br /> * Mercy Amorkor Tagoe – Celtic Queens Fc – 2022–23<br /> * '''Ernestina Tetteh''' – Sirvodem SC – 2021–22, [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]] – 2025–<br /> * [[Fredrica Torkudzor]] – [[HOPS FC|HOPS]] – 2023–24<br /> * Diana Weige – [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2024–25<br /> * Jennifer Kankam Yeboah – [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]] – 2024–25<br /> <br /> ===Ivory Coast {{flagicon|CIV}}===<br /> * Espérance Agbo – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2019–20<br /> <br /> ===Kenya {{flagicon|KEN}}===<br /> * '''Maurine Achieng''' – [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] – 2024–25, [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]] – 2026–<br /> * Catherine Aringo – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2024–25<br /> * Ivy Faith Atieno – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2022–23<br /> * Lucy Kwekwe Jira – Misaka United FC – 2022–23<br /> * '''Elizabeth Kioko Katungwa''' – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2021–22, [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2022–23, [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]] – 2026–<br /> * Idah Atieno Odhiambo – Celtic Queens FC – 2022–23<br /> * '''[[Phoeby Okech]]''' – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2023–<br /> * '''Bertha Adhiambo Omita''' – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2023–24, [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]] – 2025–<br /> * Dorcas Sikobe – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2022–23<br /> <br /> ===Mozambique {{flagicon|MOZ}}===<br /> * [[Ninika]] – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2025–26<br /> <br /> ===Nigeria {{flagicon|NGR}}===<br /> * Ayomide Awawu Anibaba – [[FC Kolhapur City|Kolhapur City]] – 2018–19<br /> * Rafiat Titilayo Aweda – [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2025–26<br /> * Loveth Njideka Edeh – [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2025–26<br /> * Crystal Nnenna Eke – [[FC Kolhapur City|Kolhapur City]] – 2018–19<br /> * '''[[Emem Essien]]''' – [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2025–<br /> * Maryam Ibrahim – [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]] – 2024–25<br /> * Regina Olasele – [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]] – 2024–25<br /> * '''[[Emueje Ogbiagbevha]]''' – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2026–<br /> * Uchenna Ritacascia Ukachukwu – Hans Women FC – 2018–19<br /> <br /> ===Togo {{flagicon|TOG}}===<br /> * [[Amiratou N'djambara]] – [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]] – 2025–26<br /> <br /> ===Uganda {{flagicon|UGA}}===<br /> * Joanita Ainembabazi – [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2024–25<br /> * '''[[Fazila Ikwaput]]''' – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2017–18, 2023–25, [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] – 2025–<br /> * Amnah Nababi – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2024–25<br /> * Ritah Nabbosa – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2017–18&lt;ref name=&quot;GKForeigners&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/GokulamKeralaFC/status/976514796181889025|title=We have secured the services of Ugandan national team players, Fazila Ikwaput and Ritah Nabbosa, for the upcoming HeroIWL|date=21 March 2018|work = Gokulam Kerala (twitter)}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Hadijah Nandago – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2024–25<br /> * Sharon Namatovu – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2024–25<br /> * '''Resty Nanziri''' – [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] – 2024–<br /> <br /> ==Asia (AFC)==<br /> ===Bangladesh {{flagicon|BAN}}===<br /> * [[Sanjida Akhter]] – [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] – 2023–24<br /> * [[Sabina Khatun]] – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2017–18, [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2023–24<br /> * [[Krishna Rani Sarkar]] – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2017–18&lt;ref name=&quot;SethuBAN&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/indian-womens-league-2018-captain-sabina-khatun-krishna-rani-sarkar-to-fly-for-india-today-1553230?amp|title=Krishna, Sabina to fly for India today|date=25 March 2018|work = thedailystar.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Bhutan {{flagicon|BHU}}===<br /> * [[Sonam Choden]] – [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2024–25<br /> * '''Sangita Monger''' – [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]] – 2026–<br /> <br /> ===Malaysia {{flagicon|MAS}}===<br /> * [[Nurul Azurin Mazlan]] – Misaka United FC – 2022–23<br /> <br /> ===Myanmar {{flagicon|MYA}}===<br /> * [[Win Theingi Tun]] – [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2021–22, [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]] – 2023–24<br /> <br /> ===Nepal {{flagicon|NEP}}===<br /> * [[Anita Basnet]] – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2018–20, Lords FA – 2022–23<br /> * [[Sabitra Bhandari]] – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2018–19, [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] – 2019–20, 2022–23<br /> * Rashmi Kumari Ghising – [[Sports Odisha]] – 2023–24<br /> * Amrita Jaishi – [[Sports Odisha]] – 2023–24<br /> * Anita K.C. – [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2023–24<br /> * '''[[Saru Limbu]]''' – [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2022–23, 2026–<br /> * '''[[Renuka Nagarkote]]''' – [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2022–23, 2026–<br /> * [[Rekha Poudel]] – [[Sports Odisha]] – 2022–23<br /> * [[Preeti Rai]] – [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2023–24<br /> * [[Gita Rana]] – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2023–24<br /> * [[Dipa Shahi]] – [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] – 2023–24<br /> * '''[[Anjila Tumbapo Subba]]''' – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2022–24, 2025–<br /> <br /> ===Philippines {{flagicon|PHI}}===<br /> * [[Shelah Cadag]] – [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]] – 2023–24<br /> * [[Camille Rodriguez]] – Lords FA – 2022–23<br /> <br /> ==Europe (UEFA)==<br /> ===England {{flagicon|ENG}}===<br /> * Klesha Rosa Darroux – [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]] – 2023–24<br /> * [[Tanvie Hans]]{{Cref2|b IND}} – [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] – 2017–18, Bangalore United FC – 2018–20&lt;ref name=&quot;bnmirror&quot; &gt;{{cite news |title=Tanvie Hans: A pro to the core |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/sports/football/tanvie-hans-a-pro-to-the-core/articleshow/87918521.cms |website=Bangalore Mirror |last1=Shreekumar |first1=SS |date=26 November 2021 |access-date=16 April 2022 |archive-date=18 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218202655/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/sports/football/tanvie-hans-a-pro-to-the-core/articleshow/87918521.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==North, Central America and Caribbean (CONCACAF)==<br /> ===United States {{flagicon|USA}}===<br /> * Alexandra Marie Eccard – [[Mumbai Knights FC|Mumbai Knights]] – 2022–23<br /> <br /> ==South America (CONMEBOL)==<br /> ===Brazil {{flagicon|BRA}}===<br /> * Cynthia Santos – [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]] – 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Odisha FC ropes in Cynthia dos Santos, first Brazilian player in IWL |url=https://thebridge.in/iwl/odisha-fc-ropes-in-cynthia-dos-santos-first-brazilian-player-in-iwl-39833 |website=The Bridge |date=20 February 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Cnote2 Begin}}<br /> {{Cnote2|b IND|Born in [[India]]}}<br /> {{Cnote2 End}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|17em}}<br /> <br /> {{Indian Women's League}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian Women's League players| ]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of expatriate association football players|India]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of women's association football players|IWL]]<br /> [[Category:Expatriate women's footballers in India| ]]<br /> [[Category:Association football player non-biographical articles]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tughluq_Sh%C4%81h%C4%AB_Mosque&diff=542031 2026-04-27T18:41:28Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: Done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Former mosque in Madhya Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Infobox religious building<br /> | building_name = Tughluq Shāhī Mosque<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_lang = <br /> | image = ظلة.jpg<br /> | caption = The prayer hall, looking north, 1982<br /> | image_upright = 1.4<br /> | alt = <br /> | map_type = India Madhya Pradesh<br /> | map_size = 250<br /> | map_relief = 1<br /> | map_caption = Location of the former mosque in [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | location = [[Udaypur, Madhya Pradesh|Udaypur]], [[Vidisha district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|22.584|75.298|region:IN-MP|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br /> | religious_affiliation = [[Islam]] {{small|(former)}}<br /> | rite =<br /> | consecration_year =<br /> | status = [[Mosque]] {{small|(former)}}<br /> | functional_status = {{nowrap|'''Inactive'''; {{small|''(partial ruinous state)''}}}}<br /> | heritage_designation = <br /> | leadership =<br /> | website =<br /> | architect =<br /> | architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}<br /> | architecture_style =<br /> | founded_by =<br /> | funded_by = <br /> | general_contractor =<br /> | facade_direction =<br /> | groundbreaking =<br /> | year_completed = {{AH|739|link=yes}}<br /> | construction_cost =<br /> | specifications =<br /> | capacity =<br /> | length =<br /> | width =<br /> | width_nave =<br /> | height_max =<br /> | dome_quantity = <br /> | dome_height_outer =<br /> | dome_height_inner =<br /> | dome_dia_outer =<br /> | dome_dia_inner =<br /> | minaret_quantity = <br /> | minaret_height =<br /> | spire_quantity =<br /> | spire_height =<br /> | materials =<br /> | designated =<br /> | module = {{Infobox historic site<br /> | embed = yes <br /> | designation1 = MANI | designation1_offname = Tughluq Shāhī Mosque | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = N-MP-289 | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Tughluq Shāhī Mosque''' is a former small [[mosque]], now in partial ruins, located west of the [[Nīlakaṇṭheśvara temple]], in [[Udaypur, Madhya Pradesh|Udaypur]], in the [[Vidisha district]] of the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India. The mosque was constructed in the time of [[Muhammad bin Tughluq|Muḥammad bin Tughluq]] (1325–51).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Jackson |first= Peter A. |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1999 |page= |isbn= }}&lt;/ref&gt; The building is part of a protected [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Madhya Pradesh/East|Monument of National Importance]] under the jurisdiction of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> The mosque consists of a covered prayer hall, built on the temple platform. It incorporates a number of older pillars, and preserves the balcony seats with sloping backs (''kakṣāsna'') that once surrounded most of the temple complex. A small arched [[mihrab]] was added to the western wall at the time construction.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Cunningham |first= A. |title=Archaeological Survey of India Reports |volume=10 |page=68 |isbn= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Patil |first= D. R. |title=The Descriptive and Classified List of Archaeological Monuments in Madhya Bharat |location=Gwalior |publisher=Dept. of Archaeology, Madhya Bharat Government |year=1952 |number=1692 |isbn= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author= |title=Indian Archaeology: A Review |year=1983–84 |page=56 |isbn= }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The mosque was built in the 14th century, as testified by two inscriptions on small arched gates still standing either side of the Śiva temple.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2024 |title=Udaypur उदयपुर (Madhya Pradesh). Entrance to the courtyard with Persian and Arabic inscription, dated in the mid-fourteenth century CE |website=Zenodo |url=https://zenodo.org/records/10573804 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.10573804 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; These inscriptions date {{AH|739|link=yes}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Rahim |first= Syed Abdur |title=Arabic, Persian and Urdu Inscriptions of Central India: A Topographical List |location=New Delhi |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |year=2000 |page=122 |isbn= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Saksena&gt;{{cite journal |last=Saksena |first= R. |title=Muslim Epigraphy in the Gwalior State |journal=The Indian Antiquary |number=55 |year=1926 |pages=4–5 |issn= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Desai |first= Z. A. |title=ARIE |year=1964–65 |page=23 |isbn= }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Quote box<br /> |width = 30em<br /> |border = 1px<br /> |align = left<br /> |bgcolor = #ACE1AF<br /> |fontsize = 85%<br /> |title_bg =<br /> |title_fnt =<br /> |title =<br /> |quote = &quot;Hath said the Prophet, may God's peace and blessings rest upon him: &quot;He who builds a masjid in this world, God Almighty builds (for him) a palace in Paradise.&quot; (Was built) this mosque during the reign and khilāfat (viceroyalty of) sovereign of kings, Abū'l-Mujāhid (Father of Warriors) Muḥammad son of Tughlaq, may his rule and kingdom be perpetuated. The builder of this pious (work is the) humble Aḥmad Wajih, (may) God enhance his dignity. (In the) year 737.&quot;<br /> |salign = right<br /> |source = R. Saksena 1926.&lt;ref name=Saksena/&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Gallery ==<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Tughluq inscription at Udaipur.JPG|One of a pair of mosque inscriptions, dated {{AH|739|link=yes}}.<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}<br /> * [[Islam in India]]<br /> * [[List of mosques in India]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{commons category-inline|Tughluq Shāhī Mosque}}<br /> <br /> {{Mosques in India}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:14th-century mosques in India]]<br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1339]]<br /> [[Category:Former mosques in India]]<br /> [[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Mosques completed in the 1330s]]<br /> [[Category:Mosques in Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Tourist attractions in Vidisha district]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keshaji_Chauhan&diff=509370 2026-04-19T23:02:38Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: details</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name =<br /> | birth_name = Keshaji Shivaji Chauhan<br /> | caption = <br /> | image = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | office = [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Member of Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency = Deodar constituency<br /> | term_start = 2022<br /> | term_end = <br /> | predecessor = <br /> | successor = <br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | spouse = <br /> | children = <br /> | alma_mater = Graduate Professional<br /> | occupation = Farmer and business<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | date = <br /> | year = <br /> | source = <br /> }}<br /> '''Keshaji Chauhan''' (born 1 June 1962)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Keshaji Shivaji Chauhan Election Results 2022: News, Votes, Results of Gujarat Assembly |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election-candidates-list-2022/keshaji-shivaji-chauhan-06014-2 |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He contested the Deodar constituency in the 2017 elections and was the runner-up candidate.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Deodar Election and Results 2017, Candidate list, Winner and Runner-up |url=https://www.elections.in/gujarat/assembly-constituencies/deodar.html |work=Elections in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chauhan also holds the position of President of the Sant Sadaram Kelavani Trust, which is based in Deodar. He is in charge of the Samast Thakor Samaj Samuh Lagna Samiti in Deodar-Bhabhar and has previously served as the Vice President of the Banaskantha District BJP.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Chauhan Keshaji Shivaji(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- DEODAR(BANASKANTHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/gujarat2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=4404 |website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Highlights {{!}} Deodar Banaskantha Election Result 2022: BJP's Keshaji defeats Congress' Shivabhai by over 38k votes |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/deodar-banaskantha-gujarat-assembly-election-2022-result-live-updates-vidhan-sabha-chunav-keshaji-shivaji-chauhan-bhemabhai-ragnathbhai-chaudhary-shivabhai-amarabhai-bhuriya-2545439 |work=Zee News | date=8 December 2022 | accessdate=1 August 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Chauhan, Keshaji}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1962 births]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2012–2017]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]<br /> <br /> {{Gujarat-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basoda_Assembly_constituency&diff=490043 2026-04-19T08:43:28Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: adding some data basic info!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Basoda<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 145<br /> | map_image = 145-Basoda.svg<br /> | mla = [[Hari Singh Raghuwanshi]]<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> | preceded_by = [[Leena Sanjay Jain]]<br /> | state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | district = [[Vidisha district|Vidisha]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Vidisha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vidisha]]<br /> | established = 1962<br /> | reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Basoda Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]]. This constituency came into existence in 1962, as one of the [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state.<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> Basoda (constituency number 145) is one of the 5 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in Vidisha district. This constituency presently covers some of the Basoda tehsil's villages of the district with 98, Gyaraspur tehsil's 132 villages and Tyonda tehsil's 104 villages. It has total 232 polling booths. Total Voters in the constituency are 1,78,486.<br /> <br /> Basoda is part of Vidisha Lok Sabha constituency along with seven other Vidhan Sabha segments namely Vidisha in [[Vidisha district]]; [[Bhojpur, Madhya Pradesh|Bhojpur]], [[Sanchi]] and [[Silwani]] in [[Raisen district]]; [[Budhni]], [[Ichhawar]] in [[Sehore District]]; [[Khategaon]] in [[Dewas district]].<br /> <br /> ==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Election!!Member&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=(Madhya Pradesh) Assembly Constituency Elections|url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/basoda.html|website=elections.in|access-date=23 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;!!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> |Ram Singh<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | H. Pippal<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> | Sita Ram<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | Jamna Prasad Beharilal<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> | Phool Chand Verma<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> | Veersingh Raghuvanshi<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> | Ajaya Singh Raghuvanshi<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<br /> | Ramnarayan Munnilal<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<br /> | Veer Singh Raghuvanshi<br /> |-<br /> | [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Hari Singh Raghuwanshi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br /> | [[Nishank Kumar Jain]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br /> | [[Leena Sanjay Jain]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> | [[Hari Singh Raghuwanshi]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === 2023 ===<br /> {{Election box begin<br /> |title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Basoda&lt;ref name=&quot;election2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Hari Singh Raghuwanshi]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:98722}}<br /> |percentage = 56.33<br /> |change = +6.05<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Nishank Kumar Jain]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:71055}}<br /> |percentage = 40.55<br /> |change = -2.73<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Vastavik Bharat Party<br /> |candidate = Ashok Lalaram Kushwah<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1787}}<br /> |percentage = 1.02<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1092}}<br /> |percentage = 0.62<br /> |change = -0.21<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:27667}}<br /> |percentage = 15.78<br /> |change = +8.78<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:175246}}<br /> |percentage = 82.52<br /> |change = +5.46<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> === 2018 ===<br /> {{Election box begin<br /> |title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Basoda&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018&quot;/&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Leena Sanjay Jain]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:73520}}<br /> |percentage = 50.28<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Nishank Kumar Jain]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:63294}}<br /> |percentage = 43.28<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Sapaks Party<br /> |candidate = Ravindra Singh Raghuwanshi<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2529}}<br /> |percentage = 1.73<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Chetan Kumar Ahirwar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1690}}<br /> |percentage = 1.16<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1220}}<br /> |percentage = 0.83<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:10226}}<br /> |percentage = 7.0<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:146231}}<br /> |percentage = 77.06<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2013===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|M. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2013]]: Basoda&lt;ref name=&quot;election2013&quot;/&gt; }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = [[Nishank Kumar Jain]]<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = 68002<br /> |percentage = 51.72<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = [[Hari Singh Raghuwanshi]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = 51843<br /> |percentage = 39.43<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Hari<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = 7053<br /> |percentage = 5.36<br /> |change = N/A<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Ganesh Ram Lodhi<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 777<br /> |percentage = 0.59<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Shailendra Saxena<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 706<br /> |percentage = 0.54<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Ram Dayal Kori<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 514<br /> |percentage = 0.39<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Rajendra Tiwari<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 443<br /> |percentage = 0.34<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Hakam Singh Lodhi<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |votes = 393<br /> |percentage = 0.30<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |votes = 1750<br /> |percentage = 1.33<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> | <br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> | <br /> |votes = 131481<br /> |percentage = 74.50<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box swing with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> | loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;election2013&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh - Detailed Results|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/MPAE_2013_stat_report.pdf|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=22 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}<br /> {{coords|23.85|77.94|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Vidisha district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]<br /> [[Category:1962 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kayal_(TV_series)&diff=509101 2026-04-18T09:41:45Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2021 Indian television family drama series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Kayal serial.jpg<br /> | genre = [[Drama|Family drama]]<br /> | creative_director = Vaidehi Ramamoorthy<br /> | screenplay = Karthik Yuvaraj&lt;br /&gt;Iyyappan Sabapathy (dialogues)&lt;br /&gt;Karthik Yuvraj<br /> | director = P. Selvam<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Chaitra Reddy]]<br /> * [[Sanjeev Karthik]]<br /> }}<br /> | open_theme = &quot;Kanne Kanne Kanninmaniye Nee Kelamma&quot;&lt;br /&gt;[[K. S. Chitra]] (vocals)&lt;br /&gt;[[Pa. Vijay]] (lyrics)<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = &lt;!-- Update episode count here --&gt;<br /> | company = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Sun Network|Sun Entertainment]]<br /> * Vision Time India Private Limited<br /> }}<br /> | network = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2021|10|25|df=yes}}<br /> | last_aired = present<br /> | creator = &lt;!-- Add if available --&gt;<br /> | list_episodes = &lt;!-- Add episode list link if created --&gt;<br /> | cinematography = [[U. K. Senthil Kumar]]<br /> | editor = {{ubl|M. S. Thiyagarajan|M. Prabakaran}}<br /> | location = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> }}<br /> '''''Kayal''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Tamil television drama|television series]] starring [[Chaitra Reddy]] and [[Sanjeev Karthik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kayal: All you need to know about the long-running family drama starring Chaithra Reddy and Sanjeev Karthick|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kayal-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-long-running-family-drama-starring-chaithra-reddy-and-sanjeev-karthick/articleshow/122837417.cms|access-date=22 July 2025|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 July 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> <br /> The series premiered on 25 October 2021 on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] and is also available on the digital platform [[Sun NXT]]. It is directed by P. Selvam and produced by Vision Time India Private Limited in association with [[Sun Network|Sun Entertainment]].<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Abandoned by her father Muthuvel &amp; coping with an alcoholic brother Moorthy, Kayal works as a nurse to become her family's sole provider. She finds happiness in her sacrifice to meet the needs of her brother: Moorthy and Anbu &amp; sisters: Devi and Anandhi. Watch Kayal stand tall in her selfless journey.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> === Main ===<br /> *Chaitra Reddy as Kayalvizhi Muthuvel (Kayal): Muthuvel and Kamatchi's daughter, Moorthy, Devi, Anandhi and Anbuselvan's sister, Ezhilarasan's Wife; A Nurse. (2021–present) <br /> *Sanjeev Karthick as Ezhil Rajasekhar (Ezhilarasan): Rajasekhar and Sivasankari's son, Kayal's husband; A boxer. (2021–present)<br /> <br /> ===Recurring===<br /> *Meenakumari as Kamatchi: Muthuvel's widow; mother of Moorthy, Kayal, Devi, Anandhi, and Anbuselvan; grandmother of Anu and Kavin (2021–present) <br /> *Vazhakku En Muthuraman as Dharmalingam (Dharma): Vadivu's husband; father of Subramani and Aarthi (2021–present) <br /> *Sumangali as Vadivukarasi &quot;Vadivu&quot; Dharmalingam: Dharmalingam's wife; mother of Subramani and Aarthi (2021–present) <br /> *Hema Srikanth as Vedhavalli &quot;Valli&quot; Chandrasekhar: Chandrasekhar's wife; mother of Vignesh and Shalini (2021–present) <br /> *Iyyappan Unni / Vishwanathan Shyam as Moorthy Muthuvel: Kamatchi and Muthuvel's eldest son; Calculator &amp; A Cooking centrettion elder brother of Kayal, Devi, Anbuselvan, and Anandhi; Dhanam's husband; Anu's father (2021–2025 / 2025–present)<br /> *Janaki Devi / Subha Geetha as Dhanam Moorthy: Moorthy's wife; Anu's mother (2021–2024 / 2024–present) <br /> *Baby Dechina as Anu Moorthy: Moorthy and Dhanam's daughter; Kamatchi and Muthuvel's granddaughter (2021–present)<br /> *Ishwarya Ravichandran / Nila Gracy as Devi Vigneshwaran: A Job Kamatchi and Muthuvel's younger daughter sister of Moorthy, Kayal, Anbuselvan, and Anandhi; Vigneshwaran's wife; Kavin's mother; (2021–2023 / 2023–present)<br /> *Gopi as Vigneshwaran &quot;Vignesh&quot; Chandrasekhar: Chandrasekhar and Vedhavalli's son; Shalini's brother; Devi's husband; Kavin's father (2021–present) <br /> *Avinash Ashok / Harry / Jeeva Rajendran as Anbuselvan Muthuvel (Anbu): A Sub Inspector Kamatchi and Muthuvel's younger son; brother of Moorthy, Kayal, Devi, and Anandhi; Shalini's husband (2022 / 2022 / 2022–present) <br /> *Unknown / Sathyapriya Sivasamy as Shalini Anbuselvan: Chandrasekhar and Vedhavalli's daughter; Vignesh's sister; Anbuselvan's wife (2022–present) <br /> *Abinavya Deepak as Anandhi Muthuvel: A Doctor Study Kamatchi and Muthuvel's youngest daughter; sister of Moorthy, Kayal, Devi, and Anbuselvan (2021–present)<br /> <br /> ===Other cast===<br /> * Shaashvi Bala as Deepika: Ezhil's one-sided obsessive lover and Kayal's arch rival (2024–2025)<br /> * Sebastian as Petter Arumugam: Moorthy's worker; Kayal's foster family member (2021–present) <br /> * Muralidhar Raj as Rajasekhar: Sivasankari's husband; Ezhil's father (2021–2025) <br /> *[[Gayatri Jayaraman]] / [[Uma Riyaz Khan]] as Sivasankari Rajasekhar: Rajasekhar's wife; Ezhil's mother (2021–2022 / 2022–present) <br /> * Fawaz Zayani as Subramaniyam &quot;Subramani&quot; Dharmalingam: Dharmalingam and Vadivu's son; Aarthi's brother; Pavithra's husband (2021–2025) <br /> * Hensha Deepan as Pavithra Subramaniyam: Subramaniyam's wife (2023–2025)<br /> * Kiran Mai as Aarthi Anand: Dharmalingam and Vadivu's daughter; Subramani's sister; Anand's wife (2021–2025)<br /> * Rothit Balaiah as Anand: Ezhil's best friend; Aarthi's husband (2021–2023)<br /> * VM Rajesh Kanna as Chandrasekhar: Vedhavalli's husband; father of Vignesh and Shalini (2021–2024) <br /> * Ghouse Nisha as Uma: Ezhil's one-sided obsessive lover and Kayal's rival (2021–2025)<br /> * Arandhangi Manjula as Uma's mother (2021–2022) <br /> * Varun Udhai as Dr. Gowtham: Kayal's rival (Main antagonist) (2021–2025) <br /> * Annapoorani as Vanitha: A nurse and Gowtham's follower (Antagonist) (2021–2025) <br /> * Jeganathan as Ex-MLA Sethusingam: Vedhavalli's brother (2021–2025) <br /> * Swathi Reddy as Ramya: A nurse and Kayal's best friend (2021–2023) <br /> * Suruli as Hospital Dean (2022–2024) <br /> * Birla Bose as Inspector Vajravel (2023–2025) <br /> * Reehana as Prabhu's mother (2023) <br /> * Ravikumar as Prabhu's father (2023) <br /> * Sidharth Kapilavayi as Prabhu (2023) <br /> * J. Durai Raj as Manoj<br /> <br /> ===Special appearances===<br /> *Bala Singh as Muthuvel: Kamatchi's husband; Moorthy, Kayal, Anbuselvan, Devi and Anandhi's father; Anu and Kavin's grandfather (posthumous photographic appearance) <br /> ** Bharathi Mohan as young Muthuvel (2025; in flashbacks only) <br /> * Gabriella Sellus as Sundari (2022) from ''[[Sundari (Tamil TV series)|Sundari]]'' <br /> * Jishnu Menon as Karthick (2022) from ''[[Sundari (Tamil TV series)|Sundari]]'' <br /> * Riya Manoj as Abhirami (2022) <br /> * Nidhish Kutty as Ilamukhil (2022) <br /> * Aadhish Jatti Jaganathan as Sumo (2022)<br /> * Nimeshika Radhakrishnan as Meera (2022) <br /> * [[Rahul Ravi]] as Yuva (2022)<br /> * [[Vadivukkarasi]] as Rajalakshmi (2023) <br /> * Aila Syed as Kayal and Ezhil’s daughter in dreams (2023) <br /> * [[Baladitya (actor)|Baladitya]] as Suryakumar: Kayal's fake husband (2023) <br /> * Anusha Prathap as Eshwari (2023) <br /> * [[Chandra Lakshman]] as Rajalakshmi (2024) <br /> * [[Vijay Vishwa]] as Saravana Velu: Kayal's one-sided obsessive lover (2024–2025) <br /> * Eesan Sujatha as Meenatchi: Saravana Velu's mother (2024, 2025) <br /> * [[Sonia Agarwal]] as Herself (2025) <br /> * Unknown as [[Judge]] Arulmozhi Varman (2025) <br /> * [[TSR Srinivasan]] as Train Passenger (2025)<br /> * [[Y. G. Mahendran]] as Sakthivel Sakthivel Kalingarayar (2025)<br /> * [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]] as Meenatchi (2026)<br /> * A.Ravivarma as Ramachandran (2026)<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> === Development ===<br /> After the conclusion of [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]'s drama ''[[Abhiyum Naanum (TV series)|Abhiyum Naanum]]'', its production company, Vision Time India Pvt. Ltd., decided to produce ''Kayal''. The concept of the show was originally based on [[K. Balachander]]'s 1987 film ''[[Manathil Urudhi Vendum]]''. This is the 15th serial produced for Sun TV. The first promotional video was released on 11 October 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/television-actress-chaitra-reddy-celebrates-2-years-journey-in-her-show-kayal/articleshow/104728261.cms|title=Television actress Chaitra Reddy celebrates 2 years journey in her show 'Kayal'|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=26 October 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Casting ===<br /> Actress [[Chaitra Reddy]] was cast in the lead role, marking her return to television after starring in [[Zee Tamil]]'s drama ''[[Yaaradi Nee Mohini (TV series)|Yaaradi Nee Mohini]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/television-sun-tv-kayal-serial-actress-chaitra-reddy-photos-tmn-598593.html|title=சன் டிவி 'கயல்' சீரியல் நடிகை சைத்ரா ரெட்டியின் லேட்டஸ்ட் போட்டோஸ்..|website=tamil.news18.com|date=28 October 2021 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/television/latest-photos-in-kayal-serial-starring-chaitra-reddy/articlecontent-pf589480-431680.html|title=ஜீ தமிழில் அப்படி...சன் டிவியில் இப்படி..கலக்கும் சைத்ரா..வரவேற்கும் ரசிகர்கள்|website=tamil.oneindia.com|date=September 2021 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/this-is-how-much-actor-chaitra-reddy-earns-for-her-role-on-tv-show-kayal-4877627.html|title=This is How Much Actor Chaitra Reddy Earns for her Role on TV Show Kayal|website=news18.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sanjeev Karthik]] was cast opposite her.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/zee-tamil-actress-chaitra-joins-sun-tv-kayal-serial-pair-to-sanjeev-324101/|title=சன் டிவி சீரியலில் ஜீ தமிழ் நடிகை என்ட்ரி: சஞ்சீவ்-க்கு இவர்தான் ஜோடியா?|website=tamil.indianexpress.com|language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; Actor &quot;Vazhakku En&quot; Muthuraman was cast as the main antagonist, Dharmalingam alias Dharma.<br /> <br /> [[Gayatri Jayaraman]] was selected to portray the role of Sivasankari Rajasekhar (Ezhilarasan's mother), a negative character. In February 2022, she quit the series and was replaced by [[Uma Riyaz Khan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tv/news/gayathri-jayaram-leaves-from-kayal-serial/articleshow/89521228.cms|title=என்ன இது... எல்லாரும் இப்படி கிளம்புறாங்க... பிரபல சீரியலில் இருந்து விலகிய முன்னணி நடிகை!|website=tamil.samayam.com|language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 15 May 2024, actress [[Chandra Lakshman]] joined the cast to portray another negative role.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kadhalikka-neramillai-fame-chandra-lakshman-joins-kayal/articleshow/110137449.cms|title=Kadhalikka Neramillai fame Chandra Lakshman joins 'Kayal'|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=15 May 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> <br /> ''Kayal'' became one of the most-watched Tamil television programs from its launch week in 2021. In the BARC era of Tamil serials, it is the only show to claim the No. 1 position in its launch week itself.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/special/2021/nov/30/tamil-serial-kayal-heroine-met-accident-will-kayal-serial-be-number-one-this-month-too-3745493.html|title=முதல் வாரத்திலேயே டி ஆர் பியில் முதலிடம் பிடிக்கும் கயல் தொடர்|website=www.dinamani.com|date=30 November 2021 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kayal-tops-the-trp-charts-heres-a-look-at-the-top-5-tamil-tv-shows/articleshow/99485723.cms|title=Kayal tops the TRP charts, here's a look at the top 5 Tamil TV shows|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=14 April 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The show climbed into the top 5 most-watched programs across all GECs within just a few weeks of its launch.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/special/2021/nov/30/tamil-serial-kayal-heroine-met-accident-will-kayal-serial-be-number-one-this-month-too-3745493.html|title=டி ஆர் பியில் முதலிடம் பிடிக்கும் கயல் தொடர்|website=www.dinamani.com|date=30 November 2021 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kayal-tops-the-trp-charts-heres-a-look-at-the-top-5-tamil-tv-shows/articleshow/99485723.cms|title=Kayal tops the TRP charts, here's a look at the top 5 Tamil TV shows|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=14 April 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It also gave strong competition to [[Bharathi Kannamma (2019 TV series)|Bharathi Kannamma]] aired on [[Star Vijay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil-serial-trp-rating-in-tamil-kayal-1st-and-bharathi-kannamma-2nd-in-serial-trp-387548/|title=தொடர் சரிவில் பாரதி கண்ணம்மா.... போட்டிக்கு வந்த சன் டி.வி சீரியல்! |website=tamil.indianexpress.com|language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Adaptations==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0;&quot;<br /> |- style=&quot;color:black&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#7b0c0c;color:white&quot;| Language<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#7b0c0c;color:white&quot;| Title<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#7b0c0c;color:white&quot;| Original release<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#7b0c0c;color:white&quot;| Network(s)<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#7b0c0c;color:white&quot;| Last aired<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#7b0c0c;color:white&quot;| Notes<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#7b0c0c;color:white&quot;| Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | ''Kayal &lt;br&gt; கயல்''<br /> | 25 October 2021<br /> | [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]<br /> | Ongoing<br /> | Original<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | ''[[Saadhana]]'' &lt;br&gt; సాధన<br /> | 24 January 2022<br /> | [[Gemini TV]]<br /> | 6 January 2024<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| Remake<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Kayal in Telugu as 'Saadhana' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/new-tv-show-meghe-dhaka-tara-to-launch-soon/articleshow/90014902.cms |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 March 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kannada]]<br /> | ''[[Radhika (TV series)|Radhika]]'' &lt;br&gt; ರಾಧಿಕಾ<br /> | 14 March 2022<br /> | [[Udaya TV]]<br /> | 29 March 2025 <br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kavya-shastry-returns-to-the-small-screen-with-a-role-that-is-so-her/articleshow/89750831.cms|title=Kavya Shastry returns to the small screen with a role that is so her|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br /> | ''Meghe Dhaka Tara'' <br /> | 28 March 2022<br /> | [[Sun Bangla]]<br /> | 2 July 2023<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/new-tv-show-meghe-dhaka-tara-to-launch-soon/articleshow/90014902.cms|title=New TV show 'Meghe Dhaka Tara' to launch soon|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 March 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br /> | ''[[Majhi Manasa]]'' &lt;br&gt; माझी माणसं<br /> | 30 May 2022<br /> | [[Sun Marathi]]<br /> | 1 June 2024<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/the-story-of-girija-who-takes-care-of-the-house-on-her-own-new-serial-majhi-mansa-is-starting-1064211|title=स्वकर्तृत्वावर घर सांभाळणाऱ्या गिरीजाची गोष्ट; सुरू होत आहे नवी मालिका 'माझी माणसं'|date=29 May 2022|website=[[ABP Majha]]|language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malayalam]]<br /> | ''[[Bhavana (TV series)|Bhavana]]'' &lt;br&gt; ഭാവന<br /> | 26 June 2022<br /> | [[Surya TV]]<br /> | 29 June 2025<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/bhavana-surya-dev-to-reveal-his-true-identity/articleshow/97493139.cms|title=Bhavana: Surya Dev to reveal his true identity|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=31 January 2023 |access-date=9 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.news.keralatv.in/bhavana-serial-surya-tv-cast/|title=Bhavana Serial Surya TV is the Remake of Kayal – Stephy Leon in Lead|work=www.news.keralatv.in|date=15 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Awards and honours==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Award{{efn|Awards, festivals and organizations are in Alphabetical order.}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Category<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Recipient(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Result<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |2022<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; | [[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal]]<br /> |[[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br /> |[[Chaitra Reddy]]<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.cinemapettai.com/sun-kudumbam-viruthugal-2022-winners-list|title=சன் குடும்ப விருதுகளின் மொத்த லிஸ்ட்.. ஃபேவரிட் கதாநாயகன், கதாநாயகி யார் தெரியுமா.?|website=www.cinemapettai.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Villain Male<br /> |Muthuraman<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Director<br /> |Selvam<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Serial<br /> |Kayal<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Natchathira Nayagan<br /> |[[Sanjeev Karthick]]<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Screenplay<br /> |Ayyappan<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Lyrics Writer<br /> |Pa Vijay<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> | Best Actress<br /> | [[Chaitra Reddy]]<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2025<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal]]<br /> |[[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br /> |[[Chaitra Reddy]]<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.cinemapettai.com/sun-kudumbam-viruthugal-2022-winners-list|title=சன் குடும்ப விருதுகளின் மொத்த லிஸ்ட்.. ஃபேவரிட் கதாநாயகன், கதாநாயகி யார் தெரியுமா.?|website=www.cinemapettai.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Serial<br /> |Kayal<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{Notelist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt17073874}}<br /> * [https://www.sunnetwork.in/program-details.aspx?IProgramID=5HNQLpfJhWw=&amp;ShowType=Mega%20Serials ''Kayal''] at [[Sun Network]]<br /> * [https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-tamil-serial-kayal-episodeno-Jan03-2023/detail/126554/0 ''Kayal''] at [[Sun NXT]]<br /> <br /> {{Sun TV shows}}<br /> {{Works by Vision Time Tamil}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Sun TV original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2021 Tamil-language television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Television series by Sun Entertainment]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dumpather&diff=497823 2026-04-16T21:43:05Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: started new details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Arunachal Pradesh, India}}<br /> '''Dumpather''' is a village in Arunachal Pradesh. According to the 2011 census it had a population of 2,136.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dumpather Bl.I - III Village Population - Diyun - Changlang, Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/264352-dumpather-bl-i--iii-arunachal-pradesh.html |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord missing|Arunachal Pradesh}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Changlang district]]<br /> <br /> {{ArunachalPradesh-geo-stub}}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acropoliis&diff=484498 2026-04-16T14:37:29Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: adding initial info and citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian film production company}}<br /> {{Notability|1=Companies|date=November 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Distinguish|Acropolis}}<br /> {{Infobox company<br /> | logo = <br /> | founded = 6 October 2006<br /> | founders = Snigdha Sumit Basu, Sumit Tinkari Basu and Rajnish Jaichandra Hedao, [[Sani Ghose Ray]]<br /> | industry = Entertainment<br /> | products = [[Television program]]s, [[motion pictures]], radio and other entertainment activities<br /> | operating_income = <br /> | num_employees = <br /> | homepage = <br /> | image = Acropoliis Entertainment logo.png<br /> | location = [[Kolkata]], India<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Acropoliis Entertainment Private Limited''', commonly known as '''Acropoliis''', is an Indian Bengali-language television serial and film [[production company]] based in [[Kolkata]], incorporated on 6 October 2006. Acropoliis Entertainment Private Limited has 4 creative directors/key management personnel- Snigdha Sumit Basu, Sumit Tinkari Basu, Rajnish Jaichandra Hedao and [[Sani Ghose Ray]]. They started off with shows like ''&quot;[[Agnipariksha (2009 TV series)|Agnipariksha]]&quot;'' and ''&quot;Raashi&quot;'', and went on to produce many more popular shows on Bengali Television,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=ফিরছে 'এক আকাশের নীচে', 'অগ্নিপরীক্ষা', লকডাউনে নস্টালজিয়া জি বাংলায় |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/zee-bangla-brings-back-ek-akasher-niche-agnipariksha-bhutu-and-other-old-shows-207020/ |work=Indian Express |date=31 March 2020 |language=bn-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=West Bengal: Tolly cameras set to roll but cloud over 20 TV serials {{!}} Kolkata News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/tolly-cameras-set-to-roll-but-cloud-over-20-tv-serials/articleshow/83524050.cms |work=The Times of India |date=15 June 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; the most notable ones being- ''[[Bodhuboron]]'', ''[[Milon Tithi]]'', ''[[Membou]]'', ''[[Aamar Durga]]'', ''[[Bokul Kotha]]'', ''[[Irabotir Chupkotha]]'', ''[[Sanjher Baati]]'', ''[[Dhrubatara]]'', ''[[Mon Phagun]]'', ''[[Gaatchora]]'', ''Akash Kusum'', ''[[Shaheber Chithi]]'', ''[[Tumii Je Amar Maa]]'', ''Shubho Bibaho'', ''Kusum'' and ''Milon Hobe Koto Dine''.<br /> <br /> == Film productions ==<br /> *''[[Cross Connection]]'' (2009)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Song Connection |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/song-connection/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=21 April 2009 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''[[Nagarkirtan]]'' (2019)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Riddhi Sen dedicates his Filmfare win for Best Actor (Critics) to the entire team of Nagarkirtan |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/riddhi-sen-dedicates-his-filmfare-win-for-best-actor-critics-to-the-entire-team-of-nagarkirtan-47364.html |access-date=7 July 2022 |publisher=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''[[Nari Choritro Bejay Jotil]]'' (2026)<br /> <br /> == Web series ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Title<br /> !Director<br /> !Production year<br /> !OTT platform<br /> |-<br /> |''Bonyo Premer Golpo''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Tanusree Chakraborty, Shaheb Bhattacharjee Begin Promoting Their Next Web Series 'Bonyo Premer Golpo' {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/bengali/bengali-news/tanusree-chakraborty-shaheb-bhattacharjee-begin-promoting-their-next-web-series-bonyo-premer-golpo/5e3423c38ee95c626732c3f7 |access-date=18 June 2022 |work=www.spotboye.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2|Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |rowspan=3|2020<br /> |rowspan=2|Hoichoi<br /> |-<br /> |''Bonyo Premer Golpo 2''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=নতুন বছরে নজরে যে ৭টি বাংলা ওয়েব সিরিজ |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/hoichoi-zee5-addatimes-karkat-rogue-feluda-ferot-byomkesh-season-5-web-series-in-bengali-2020176201/ |work=Indian Express |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Black Widows (web series)|Black Widows]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Black Widows Season 1 Review: A dark dramedy with exciting bends in the road |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/black-widows/season-1/seasonreview/79808793.cms?from=mdr |access-date=18 June 2022 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |Birsa Dasgupta<br /> |[[ZEE5]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Srikanto''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Exclusive! Director Sani Ghosh Ray: Srikanto is all about pure romance and nothing else! |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-director-sani-ghosh-ray-srikanto-is-all-about-pure-romance-and-nothing-else/2198dc0bfc737 |access-date=18 June 2022 |work=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=3|Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |2022<br /> |Hoichoi<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Shwetkali]]''<br /> |rowspan=2|2023<br /> |[[ZEE5]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Jaatishawr''<br /> |Hoichoi<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == TV shows ==<br /> ===Current===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Show<br /> ! Channel<br /> ! Premiere date<br /> |-<br /> | ''Kusum''<br /> | [[Zee Bangla]]<br /> | 4 June 2025 – present<br /> |-<br /> | ''Milon Hobe Koto Dine''<br /> | [[Star Jalsha]]<br /> | 1 December 2025 – present<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Former ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;<br /> |- f<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Production year(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Title<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Network<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Genre<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | First aired<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Last aired<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Episode count<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2009–2014<br /> | ''[[Agnipariksha (2009 TV series)|Agnipariksha]]''<br /> | rowspan=2|[[Zee Bangla]] <br /> | style=&quot;width: 12em;&quot; | [[Drama]]<br /> | 10 June 2009<br /> | 5 April 2014<br /> | 1533<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2011–2015<br /> | ''Raashi''<br /> | [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Drama]]<br /> | 31 January 2011<br /> | 11 July 2015<br /> | 1396<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2013–2017<br /> | ''[[Bodhuboron]]''<br /> | [[Star Jalsha]]<br /> | [[Family]] [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]]<br /> | 19 August 2013<br /> | 29 January 2017<br /> | 1163<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2014–2015<br /> | ''Raaikishori''<br /> | [[Zee Bangla]]<br /> | [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Drama]]<br /> | 10 February 2014<br /> | 28 March 2015<br /> | 351<br /> <br /> |-<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2014–2015<br /> | ''Hoyto Tomari Jonno''<br /> | [[Colors Bangla]]<br /> | [[Family]] [[Romance film|Romance]]<br /> | 15 December 2014<br /> | 4 July 2015<br /> | 173<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2014–2015<br /> | ''Jani Dekha Hobe''<br /> | rowspan=3|[[Star Jalsha]]<br /> | [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Thriller film|Thriller]] [[Drama]]<br /> | 29 December 2014<br /> | 6 June 2015<br /> | 139<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2015–2017<br /> | ''[[Milon Tithi]]''<br /> | [[Family]] [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Thriller film|Thriller]]<br /> | 23 November 2015<br /> | 20 August 2017<br /> | 587<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2016–2017<br /> | ''[[Membou]]''<br /> | [[Family]] [[Drama]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Horror film|Horror]] [[Comedy]] [[Romance film|Romance]] <br /> | 19 September 2016<br /> | 14 May 2017<br /> | 238<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2016–2017<br /> | ''[[Aamar Durga]]''<br /> | [[Zee Bangla]]<br /> | [[Political]] [[Drama]] [[Family]] [[Comedy]] [[Romance film|Romance]]<br /> | 18 January 2016<br /> | 21 October 2017<br /> | 553<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2017<br /> | ''[[Debipaksha (TV series)|Debipaksha]]''<br /> | [[Star Jalsha]]<br /> | [[Drama]] [[Family]] [[Romance film|Romance]]<br /> | 30 January 2017<br /> | 28 May 2017<br /> | 118<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot;| 2017–2020<br /> | ''[[Bokul Kotha]]''<br /> | [[Zee Bangla]]<br /> | [[Family]] [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]] <br /> | {{Start date|2017|12|4|df=y}}<br /> | 1 February 2020<br /> | 674<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2018<br /> | ''[[Ardhangini (Bengali TV series)|Ardhangini]]''<br /> | rowspan=2|[[Star Jalsha]]<br /> | [[Drama]] [[Family]] [[Romance (love)|Romance]]<br /> | 8 January 2018<br /> | 18 November 2018<br /> | 306<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot;| 2018–2020<br /> | ''[[Irabotir Chupkotha]]''<br /> | [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Drama]] [[Family]]<br /> | {{Start date|2018|9|3|df=y}}<br /> | 2 August 2020<br /> | 594 <br /> <br /> |- <br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot;| 2019<br /> | ''[[Sagarika (TV series)|Sagarika]]''<br /> | [[Sun Bangla]]<br /> | [[Sports]] [[Drama]]<br /> | {{Start date|2019|2|3|df=y}}<br /> | 25 August 2019<br /> | 203<br /> <br /> |- <br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot;| 2019<br /> | ''Sasurbari Zindabad''<br /> | [[Colors Bangla]]<br /> | [[Comedy]] [[Romance film|Romance]]<br /> | {{Start date|2019|6|10|df=y}}<br /> | 30 August 2019<br /> | 60<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot;| 2019–2021<br /> | ''[[Sanjher Baati]]''<br /> | rowspan=2|[[Star Jalsha]]<br /> | [[Social]] [[Drama]] [[Thriller film|Thriller]] [[Romance film|Romance]]<br /> | {{Start date|2019|7|1|df=y}}<br /> | 12 December 2021<br /> | 806<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot;| 2020–2021<br /> | ''[[Dhrubatara]]''<br /> | [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Drama]] [[Thriller film|Thriller]]<br /> | {{Start date|2020|1|27|df=y}}<br /> | 19 September 2021<br /> | 500<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot;| 2020–2021<br /> | ''[[Phirki]]''<br /> | [[Zee Bangla]]<br /> | [[Drama]] [[Social]] [[Romance film|Romance]]<br /> | {{Start date|2020|2|3|df=y}}<br /> | 2 January 2021<br /> | 225<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot;| 2020–2021<br /> | ''[[Ogo Nirupoma]]''<br /> | [[Star Jalsha]]<br /> | [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Drama]] <br /> | {{Start date|2020|10|5|df=y}}<br /> | 1 August 2021<br /> | 297<br /> <br /> |- <br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot;| 2021<br /> | ''[[Rimli]]''<br /> | [[Zee Bangla]]<br /> | [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Family]]<br /> | {{Start date|2021|2|15|df=y}}<br /> | 26 September 2021<br /> | 217<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2021–2022<br /> | ''[[Mon Phagun]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Star Jalsha]]<br /> | [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]]<br /> | {{Start date|2021|7|26|df=y}}<br /> | 21 August 2022<br /> | 386<br /> |- <br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2021–2023<br /> | ''[[Gaatchora]]''<br /> | [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Drama]] [[Family]]<br /> | {{Start date|2021|12|20|df=y}}<br /> | 14 December 2023<br /> | 720<br /> |-<br /> |2022–2024<br /> |''[[Tumii Je Amar Maa]]''<br /> |[[Colors Bangla]]<br /> |[[Drama]] [[Romance (love)|Romance]] [[Family]]<br /> |6 June 2022<br /> |4 February 2024<br /> |607<br /> |- <br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2022–2023<br /> | ''[[Shaheber Chithi]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Star Jalsha]]<br /> | [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Family]]<br /> |27 June 2022<br /> |22 January 2023<br /> |210<br /> |- <br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2023<br /> | ''Kamala O Sreeman Prithwiraj''<br /> | [[Historical drama]] [[Comedy]] [[Romance film|Romance]]<br /> |13 March 2023<br /> |19 November 2023<br /> |251<br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2023–2024<br /> | '' Tunte''<br /> | [[Drama]] <br /> [[Romance (love)|Romance]]<br /> | 5 June 2023<br /> | 11 January 2024<br /> |219<br /> |-<br /> |2024–2025 <br /> |''Akash Kusum''<br /> |[[Sun Bangla]]<br /> |[[Drama]] [[Romance (love)|Romance]] [[Family]]<br /> |29 January 2024<br /> |30 August 2025<br /> |670<br /> |-<br /> |2024–2026<br /> |''Shubho Bibaho''<br /> |[[Star Jalsha]]<br /> |[[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]<br /> [[Romance film|Romance]]<br /> [[Family]]<br /> |17 June 2024<br /> |24 February 2026<br /> |608<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Acropolis Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Companies based in Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:Television production companies of India]]<br /> [[Category:Entertainment companies of India]]<br /> [[Category:Entertainment companies established in 2006]]<br /> [[Category:2006 establishments in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Indian companies established in 2006]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalyanpur,_Uttar_Pradesh_Assembly_constituency&diff=507872 2026-04-16T04:49:50Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{for|the constituency in West Bengal|Kalyanpur, West Bengal Assembly constituency}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Kalyanpur<br /> | map_image = 211-Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh.svg<br /> | mla = [[Neelima Katiyar]]<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]<br /> | latest_election_year = 2022<br /> | state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | district = [[Kanpur Nagar district|Kanpur Nagar]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | electors = 3,44,303 (2019)<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Akbarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Akbarpur]]<br /> | constituency_no = 211<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kalyanpur Assembly constituency''' is one of 403 legislative assemblies of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]].&lt;ref name=delimitation2008&gt;{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&amp;type=order&amp;filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is part of the [[Akbarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Akbarpur]] Lok Sabha constituency in Kanpur district.<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> Kalyanpur comprises Wards No. 3, 5, 6, 8, 14, 20, 21, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 47, 66, 68, 74, and 104 in Kanpur Municipal Corporation of 2-Kanpur Sadar Tehsil.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.travelindia-guide.com/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/kanpur-nagar-constituencies/kalyanpur-.aspx Kalyanpur Assembly constituency]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Member&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalyanpur Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/kalyanpur.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> |S. G. Datta<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br /> |Krishna Bajpai<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Kranti Dal}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]<br /> |Ram Narain Pathak<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> |Pushpa Talwar<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Janata Party]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ram Narain Pathak<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Indian National Congress (I)]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> |Bhudhar Narayan Mishra<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Janata Dal]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Prem Lata Katiyar]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot; |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]<br /> |[[Satish Nigam]]<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Samajwadi Party]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Neelima Katiyar]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot; |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> <br /> === 2022 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kalyanpur&lt;ref name=&quot;results2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Neelima Katiyar]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:98997}}<br /> |percentage = 52.71<br /> |change = +4.02<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Samajwadi Party<br /> |candidate = [[Satish Kumar Nigam]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:77462}}<br /> |percentage = 41.24<br /> |change = +5.67<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Arun Mishra<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:6615}}<br /> |percentage = 3.52<br /> |change = -10.93<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Neha Tiwari<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2302}}<br /> |percentage = 1.23<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:894}}<br /> |percentage = 0.48<br /> |change = -0.04<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:21535}}<br /> |percentage = 11.47<br /> |change = -1.65<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:187814}}<br /> |percentage = 52.89<br /> |change = -0.34<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> | <br /> |winner = BJP<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> === 2017 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election, 2017]]: [[Kalyanpur, Kanpur|Kalyanpur]]&lt;ref name=&quot;results2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Neelima Katiyar]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:86620}}<br /> |percentage = 48.69<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Satish Kumar Nigam]]<br /> |party = Samajwadi Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:63278}}<br /> |percentage = 35.57<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = Deepu Kumar Nishad<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:25706}}<br /> |percentage = 14.45<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:921}}<br /> |percentage = 0.52<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:23342}}<br /> |percentage = 13.12<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:177912}}<br /> |percentage = 53.23<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> | <br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = Samajwadi Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ===2012===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Uttar Pradesh state assembly election|Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election, 2012]]: [[Kalyanpur, Kanpur|Kalyanpur]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = [[Satish Nigam|Satish Kumar Nigam]]<br /> |party = Samajwadi Party<br /> |votes = 44,789<br /> |percentage = 29.97<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = [[Premlata Katiyar|Prem Lata Katiyar]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = 42,406<br /> |percentage = 28.38<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Nirmal Tiwari<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = 37,862<br /> |percentage = 25.34<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Devi Prasad Tiwari<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = 19,712<br /> |percentage = 13.19<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Sangeeta Rani Savita<br /> |party = Lok Janshakti Party<br /> |votes = 572<br /> |percentage = 0.38<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> | <br /> |votes = 2,383<br /> |percentage = 1.59<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> | <br /> |votes = 1,49,442<br /> |percentage = 49.37<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> | <br /> |winner = Samajwadi Party<br /> |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ===2007===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2007 Uttar Pradesh state assembly election|Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election, 2007]]: [[Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Kalyanpur]]}} <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = [[Premlata Katiyar|Prem Lata Katiyar]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = 42,349<br /> |percentage = 29.46<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Nirmal Tiwari<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = 41,675<br /> |percentage = 28.99<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |party = Samajwadi Party<br /> |candidate = [[Satish Kumar Nigam]]<br /> |votes = 25,288<br /> |percentage = 17.59<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Alok Misra<br /> |votes = 23,800<br /> |percentage = 16.56<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> |candidate = Ram Narayan Nishad<br /> |party = [[Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party|BSKP]]<br /> |votes = 5,633<br /> |percentage = 3.91<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> | <br /> |votes = 674<br /> |percentage = 0.47<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> | <br /> |votes = 1,43,707<br /> |percentage = 38.15<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> | <br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ===2002===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election, 2002]]: [[Kalyanpur, Kanpur|Kalyanpur]]}} <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = [[Premlata Katiyar|Prem Lata Katiyar]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = 50,521<br /> |percentage = 39.54<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Alok Misra<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = 42,359<br /> |percentage = 33.15<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Rashmi Pathak<br /> |votes = 15,124<br /> |percentage = 11.84<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |party = Samajwadi Party<br /> |candidate = Amit Kumar<br /> |votes = 14,214<br /> |percentage = 11.12<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Abdul Kaleem Khan<br /> |party = Rashtriya Kranti Party<br /> |votes = 1,696<br /> |percentage = 1.33<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> | <br /> |votes = 8,162<br /> |percentage = 6.39<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> | <br /> |votes = 1,27,770<br /> |percentage = 33.88<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> | <br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election, 1996]]: [[Kalyanpur, Kanpur|Kalyanpur]]}} <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = [[Premlata Katiyar|Prem Lata Katiyar]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = 73,861<br /> |percentage = 51.01<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Ram Ji Tripathi<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = 43,245<br /> |percentage = 29.87<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> | <br /> |party = [[All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)|AIIC(T)]]<br /> |candidate = Ragendra Swarup<br /> |votes = 25,797<br /> |percentage = 17.82<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> | <br /> |party = [[Janata Party|JNP]]<br /> |candidate = Shyam Katiyar<br /> |votes = 496<br /> |percentage = 0.34<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> |candidate = Muzaffar Husain<br /> |party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]<br /> |votes = 447<br /> |percentage = 0.31<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> | <br /> |votes = 30,616<br /> |percentage = 21.14<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> | <br /> |votes = 1,44,787<br /> |percentage = 40.64<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> | <br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ===1993===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election, 1993: Kalyanpur}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = [[Premlata Katiyar|Prem Lata Katiyar]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = 67,395<br /> |percentage = 50.48<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Ragendra Swarup<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = 31,644<br /> |percentage = 23.70<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Jogendra Singh<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = 22,258<br /> |percentage = 16.67<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Mahendra Singh Chandel<br /> |party = [[Janata Dal|JD]]<br /> |votes = 7,984<br /> |percentage = 5.98<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> | <br /> |candidate = Davarshi Sharma<br /> |party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]<br /> |votes = 949<br /> |percentage = 0.71<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> | <br /> |votes = 35,751<br /> |percentage = 26.78<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> | <br /> |votes = 1,33,518<br /> |percentage = 52.69<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> | <br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> {{election table|title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Assembly Election, 2017]]&lt;br /&gt;Kanpur Nagar Lok Sabha Constituency Summary}} <br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; align=left width=225|Party<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; align=right|Seats won<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; align=right|Seat change<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 7<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | {{increase}} 3<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|[[Samajwadi Party]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 2<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | {{decrease}} 2<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | {{steady}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}<br /> {{Kanpur}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Politics of Kanpur]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]<br /> [[Category:1977 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_bin_Tughluq_(1971_film)&diff=518817 2026-04-13T09:18:46Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: put up a post w/ sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1971 film by Cho Ramaswamy}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Muhammad bin Tughluq (1971 film).jpg<br /> | caption = DVD cover<br /> | director = [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]]<br /> | writer = Cho<br /> | based_on = {{based on|''[[Muhammad bin Tughluq (play)|Muhammad bin Tughluq]]''|Cho}}<br /> | starring = Cho<br /> | cinematography = Vindhanji<br /> | editing = R. Devarajan<br /> | music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]<br /> | studio = Prestige Productions<br /> | distributor = Prestige Productions<br /> | released = {{film date|1971|3|5|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 134 minutes{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=409}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Muhammad bin Tughluq''''' is a 1971 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[political satire]] film written and directed by [[Cho Ramaswamy]], in his directorial debut.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 December 2016 |title=சோ' பெயர்க் காரணம்! |trans-title=The reason behind the name 'Cho'! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/weekly-supplements/dinamani-kathir/2016/Dec/17/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-2617042.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830044547/https://www.dinamani.com/weekly-supplements/dinamani-kathir/2016/Dec/17/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-2617042.html |archive-date=30 August 2024 |access-date=30 August 2024 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is based on his [[Muhammad bin Tughluq (play)|play of the same name]]. Cho stars as the [[Muhammad bin Tughluq|title character]], with [[Neelu|R. Neelakantan]], S. Rajagopal, [[A. K. Veerasamy|Veerasamy]], [[Peeli Sivam]], [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]], [[Sukumari]] and [[G. Sakunthala]] in supporting roles. The film revolves around Tughluq, a fourteenth century sultan, waking up in 1971 and rising through the ranks in Indian politics.<br /> <br /> ''Muhammad bin Tughluq'' was released on 5 March 1971. Though the film became controversial like the source play, it was a commercial success and became a trendsetter for socio-political satire films in Tamil cinema. The film was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] with the [[Muhammad bin Tughluq (1972 film)|same title]] the following year.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> In 1971, explorer Rangachari goes to [[Daulatabad Fort|Daulatabad]] to research the fourteenth century sultan [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], who had an arrogant attitude, indifferent view towards his kingdom and subjects, treated his guests poorly and introduced absurd plans that backfired. Rangachari unearths a coffin that contains two men alive. They claim to be Tughluq and his accomplice [[Ibn Battuta]], buried several centuries ago along with a herb that has [[Stasis (fiction)|kept them alive]] all the while.<br /> <br /> Tughluq becomes a national sensation and is welcomed in all grandeur to Rangachari's house. He is interviewed by many journalists to whom he answers in a sarcastic attitude. He learns the changes of the past centuries in almost four days and mocks that the advancements are no more than four days' advancement. He decides to contest independent in [[by-election]]s of [[North Chennai|North-Madras]] Constituency to become the [[Member of Parliament (India)|MP]] so that he can become [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] (PM). Thanikachalam, an ageing [[List of Indian independence activists|freedom fighter]] and his daughter Gandhimathi volunteer to help taking part in his political rallies. In his political campaigns, Tughluq mocks all the other political contestants and in a satiric tone asks the people to vote for him.<br /> <br /> Tughluq eventually wins the elections and become an MP. He goes to [[Delhi]] and meets with MPs from all small parties. He makes them very big offers. A total of 324/545 MPs join his party and all of them want themselves to be made [[Deputy Prime Minister of India|Deputy Prime Ministers]] (DPM), and confusion ensures. The MPs threaten him to take back their support. Finally, Tughluq announces that all MP's who had joined his party will be made DPMs. Everyone agrees and the existing cabinet is dissolved. Tughluq is sworn in as the new PM, with 450 MPs supporting him and made as new DPMs.<br /> <br /> Tughluq appoints Gandhimathi as one of his DPMs. She initially does not understand the street-smart nature of politics and shows an innocent face to the people she meets. Tughluq shows a self-opinionated attitude to the cabinet ministers and refuses to listen to all their proposals. He instead makes plans to tackle the country's problems that neither make sense nor solve the problems in question. When there is a calamity for his decisions he makes a direct speech to the people through radio, to request peace and falsely promises to look into the problem.<br /> <br /> Gandhimathi slowly learns all the trickery of politics and gets indulged in bribery. She rises to a pompous lifestyle from her previous poverty-ridden one, and starts taking good care of a few children in her care. On his deathbed, Thanikachalam hands Gandhimathi a letter and asks her to deliver it to Tughluq or Battuta on 31 December 1971, adding that no one else must read this letter; she agrees.<br /> <br /> Unknown to anyone, &quot;Tughluq&quot; and &quot;Battuta&quot; are actually Thanikachalam's disciples Mahadevan and Raghavan who indulged in this charade to reform the country. They took an oath that they would publicly surrender for their charade on 31 December, hid in the coffin in Daulatabad, and began their charade soon after Rangachari unearthed them. They believed that after this incident, people would contemplate on this matter and cause a revolution that would change the state of affairs to come. However, Mahadevan suggests that they maintain the status quo and live prosperously. Corrupted through his exposure to politics, he refuses to accept that he is Mahadevan and still calls himself Tughluq. Raghavan, however, is now stubborn on revealing their true colours.<br /> <br /> Raghavan approaches Gandhimathi to get Thanikachalam's letter, which is a [[Deathbed confession|written confession]] of the details of the trio's plan signed by Mahadevan himself and posted to Thanikachalam. It is the only proof of Tughluq's true identity. Gandhimathi, now equally corrupt herself and for the sake of the children she takes care of, refuses to hand over the letter because she would get into trouble for supporting Mahadevan and Raghavan, and burns it. Raghavan attempts to explain everything to the cabinet ministers and later to the masses; however, &quot;Tughluq&quot; lies that &quot;Battuta&quot; has gone insane and asks everyone not to believe him. He further tricks the masses, through his words, into killing Raghavan, with whom dies their secret.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]] as [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]]/Mahadevan{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=250}}<br /> * [[Neelu|R. Neelakantan]] as Thathachari&lt;ref name=&quot;dinamalar&quot; /&gt;<br /> * S. Rajagopal (Ambi) as Rangachari{{sfn |Rajadhyaksha |Willemen |1998 |p=409}}<br /> * [[A. K. Veerasamy|Veerasamy]] as Thanikachalam{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=250}}<br /> *[[Peeli Sivam]] as [[Ibn Battuta]]/Raghavan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ராமகிருஷ்ணன் |first=எஸ். |date=26 January 2020 |title=வெண்ணிற நினைவுகள்: துக்ளக்கின் சவுக்கு |trans-title=White Memories: Tughluq's Whip |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/literature/536638-vennira-ninaivugal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322171124/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/literature/536638-vennira-ninaivugal.html |archive-date=22 March 2020 |access-date=7 September 2020 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Gandhimathi&lt;ref name=&quot;financialexpress&quot; /&gt;<br /> *[[Sukumari]] as Srimathi&lt;ref name=&quot;dinamalar&quot; /&gt;<br /> *[[G. Sakunthala]] as Mangalam&lt;ref name=&quot;dinamalar&quot; /&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> ''[[Muhammad bin Tughluq (play)|Muhammad bin Tughluq]]'', a play written by [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]] and first staged in 1968, became a success despite becoming controversial for targeting the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) founder [[M. Karunanidhi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;mynation&quot; /&gt; and the then [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Indira Gandhi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;financialexpress&quot; /&gt; After this, in 1971, Cho announced that the play would be adapted into a film. Soon after, the DMK tried to hinder the film's production in every possible manner, including protests. Many actors were warned against accepting to work in the film, but Cho cast members of his troupe.&lt;ref name=&quot;mynation&quot; /&gt; [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]'s character was based on Indira Gandhi, including her [[bob cut]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 November 2018 |title=ஆச்சி மனோரமா (36) |trans-title=Mother Manorama (36) |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/malarkal/vara-malar-weekly-magazine/achi-manorama-36/45162 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112133154/http://www.dinamalar.com/supplementary_detail.asp?id=45162&amp;cat=2 |archive-date=12 November 2018 |access-date=17 October 2020 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Vamanan |author-link=Vamanan |date=26 December 2016 |title=கலைமாமணி வாமனனின் 'நிழலல்ல நிஜம்'&amp;nbsp;– 56 {{!}} திரை வடிவம் பெற்ற சோவின் மேடை நாடகங்கள்! |trans-title=Kalaimamani Vamanan's 'Reality, not Illusion'&amp;nbsp;– 56 {{!}} Cho's stage plays on the screen! |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/20258 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316093438/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/20258 |archive-date=16 March 2018 |access-date=7 March 2022 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |location=Nellai |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cinematography was performed by Vindhanji, and editing by R. Devarajan.{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=250}} Throughout the course of production, the film was threatened by the protests which had gained momentum, but Cho refused to compromise.&lt;ref name=&quot;mynation&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]], and the lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |pp=250–251}} The song &quot;Allah, Allah&quot; is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] known as [[Sindhu Bhairavi (raga)|Sindhu Bhairavi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=10 May 2013 |title=Light and melodious |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/light-and-melodious/article4702358.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924003210/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/light-and-melodious/article4702358.ece |archive-date=24 September 2019 |access-date=14 September 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn |Sundararaman |2007 |p=122}} and praises [[Allah]] through the lyrics &quot;Allah Allah, nee illaadha idame illai, nee thaane ulagin ellai&quot; (Allah! Allah! There is no place without You, You are the ultimate in affection). Cho included the song to counter the DMK's attempts to say the film was promoting [[Violence against Muslims in India|Islamophobia]]. Viswanathan initially wanted [[Nagore E. M. Hanifa]] to sing the song, but since Hanifa had previously sung many DMK propaganda songs and was a friend of Karunanidhi, &quot;getting him to sing for this film was out of the question&quot;. The producers later considered [[Mohammed Rafi]], who could not accept due to scheduling conflicts.&lt;ref name=&quot;mynation&quot; /&gt; At Cho's insistence, Viswanathan himself sang it.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rajasekaran |first=Ilangovan |date=22 July 2015 |title=M.S. Viswanathan: The legend of music |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/the-legend-of-music/article23592852.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418062353/https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/the-legend-of-music/article23592852.ece |archive-date=18 April 2023 |access-date=13 April 2026 |website=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Vamanan |author-link=Vamanan |date=15 March 2016 |title=வாமனனின் 'நிழலல்ல நிஜம்&amp;nbsp;– 15 {{!}} பாடிய இசையமைப்பாளர்களும் வாடிய பாடகர்களும்! |trans-title=Vamanan's 'Reality, not illusion' &amp;nbsp;– 15 {{!}} Composers who sang, and singers who faded away! |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/4788 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183230/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/4788 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=13 April 2026 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |location=Nellai |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ரவிக்குமார் |first=வா. |date=10 May 2019 |title=நிகழ்வு: எம்.எஸ்.வி. இசையும் 'சோ'வின் குறும்பும் |trans-title=Event: MSV's music and Cho's wit |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/165299-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260413083426/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/165299-.html |archive-date=13 April 2026 |access-date=13 April 2026 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Allah, Allah<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]<br /> | extra1 = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]<br /> | length1 = <br /> | title2 = Party Dance<br /> | lyrics2 = &amp;nbsp;—<br /> | note2 = Instrumental<br /> | extra2 = &amp;nbsp;—<br /> | length2 = <br /> | title3 = Pallandu Pallandu<br /> | lyrics3 = Vaali<br /> | extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[L. R. Eswari]], Saibaba, Veeramani, Radha<br /> | length3 = <br /> | title4 = Paavalan Paadiya<br /> | lyrics4 = Vaali<br /> | extra4 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]]<br /> | lyrics_width = 20%<br /> | extra_width = 50%<br /> | total_length = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> ''Muhammad bin Tughluq'' was released on 5 March 1971,{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=250}} and distributed by Prestige Productions.{{sfn |Goble |2011 |p=381}} It was previously scheduled for 25 February.{{Sfn |Ramanujam |1971 |p=161}} In a review dated 21 March 1971, ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' described ''Muhammad bin Tughluq'' as testimony for Cho's wisdom to make a film teasing the Indian politics with intelligence combined with comedy, maturity and clarity of thought, without hurting others.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 March 1971 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: ''முகமது பின் துக்ளக்'' |trans-title=Movie Review: ''Muhammad bin Tughluq'' |url=https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/40390--2 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121070747/https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/40390--2 |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=7 September 2020 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; Though the film became controversial, it was a commercial success.&lt;ref name=&quot;dinamalar&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Legacy ==<br /> ''Muhammad bin Tughluq'' attained cult status in Tamil cinema,&lt;ref name=&quot;mynation&quot; /&gt; and became a trendsetter for socio-political satire films which provoked the public, including ''[[Kaliyuga Kannan]]'' (1974), ''[[Rudra Thandavam (1978 film)|Rudra Thandavam]]'' (1978) and ''[[Amaidhipadai]]'' (1994).{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=251}} The film was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] with the [[Muhammad bin Tughluq (1972 film)|same title]] in 1972.{{sfn |Rajadhyaksha |Willemen |1998 |p=410}} The term &quot;Tughluq&quot; entered Tamil vernacular, with it meaning someone who reverses his own decision without proper reason.{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=251}} Film historian [[Mohan Raman]] said in 2016 that the film is relevant &quot;even four decades after its release&amp;nbsp;– not just due to the humour, but also with respect to the content. It is relevant even in today's electoral politics&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=7 December 2016 |title=A different brand of wit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/A-different-brand-of-wit/article16773046.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913051810/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/A-different-brand-of-wit/article16773046.ece |archive-date=13 September 2019 |access-date=27 March 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A play by [[T. V. Varadarajan]] named ''Thuglak Durbar'', inspired by both the play and film versions of ''Muhammad bin Tughluq'', was staged in 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Vijayalakshmi |first=B. |date=7 May 2019 |title=Chennai: Audience vote for this play with enthusiasm |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/070519/chennai-audience-vote-for-this-play-with-enthusiasm.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110073100/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/070519/chennai-audience-vote-for-this-play-with-enthusiasm.html |archive-date=10 November 2020 |access-date=10 November 2020 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Director Arun Vaidyanathan cited ''Muhammad bin Tughluq'' as an influence for his 2014 film ''[[Peruchazhi]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 August 2014 |title=Cho's Tughluq influences Mohanlal's Peruchazhi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/chos-tughluq-influences-mohanlals-peruchazhi/article6341521.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110112506/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/chos-tughluq-influences-mohanlals-peruchazhi/article6341521.ece |archive-date=10 November 2020 |access-date=10 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and K. R. Prabhu for his 2019 film ''[[LKG (film)|LKG]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmV6qMb59Qg |title=LKG Another Muhammad bin Tughluq {{!}} KR Prabhu interview {{!}} LKG movie |date=21 February 2019 |language=ta |publisher=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |access-date=13 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913163825/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmV6qMb59Qg |archive-date=13 September 2020 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;dinamalar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 December 2016 |title=பிளாஷ்பேக்: ''முகமது பின் துக்ளக்'' சந்தித்த சோதனைகள் |trans-title=Flashback: The tribulations faced by ''Muhammad bin Tughluq'' |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/53855/cinema/Kollywood/Mugamathu-bin-thuglak-faced-lot-of-problem.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015093039/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/53855/cinema/Kollywood/Mugamathu-bin-thuglak-faced-lot-of-problem.htm |archive-date=15 October 2018 |access-date=7 September 2020 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;financialexpress&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 December 2016 |title=Cho Ramaswamy's famous dialogue: Why throw a raw egg at me when you can make me an omelet? |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/cho-ramaswamys-famous-dialogue-why-throw-a-raw-egg-at-me-when-you-can-make-me-an-omelet/467803/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117025505/http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/cho-ramaswamys-famous-dialogue-why-throw-a-raw-egg-at-me-when-you-can-make-me-an-omelet/467803/ |archive-date=17 January 2017 |access-date=11 September 2020 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;mynation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kuppuswamy |first=Balakumar |date=11 March 2019 |title=Surf Excel ad controversy reminds us how Cho Ramaswamy outwitted Karunanidhi |url=https://www.mynation.com/views/surf-excel-ad-controversy-reminds-us-how-cho-ramaswamy-outwitted-karunanidhi-po77ru |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126020655/https://www.mynation.com/views/surf-excel-ad-controversy-reminds-us-how-cho-ramaswamy-outwitted-karunanidhi-po77ru |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date=11 September 2020 |website=My Nation |publisher=[[Asianet News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;/references&gt;<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=The Best of Tamil Cinema, 1931 to 2010: 1931–1976 |publisher=Galatta Media |year=2011 |language=en |oclc=918246209}}<br /> * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yyqc0Qa6b60C |title=The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film |publisher=[[De Gruyter]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-85739-229-6 |editor-last=Goble |editor-first=Alan |language=en}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |language=en |orig-date=1994}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Ramanujam |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oagc3Fap_LwC&amp;q=snobbish |title=Challenge and Response: An Intimate Report of Tamil Nadu Politics, 1967–1971 |publisher=Sundara Prachuralayam |year=1971 |language=en |oclc=482334}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |language=en |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1970s political satire films]]<br /> [[Category:1971 controversies]]<br /> [[Category:1971 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:1971 films]]<br /> [[Category:1971 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1971 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural depictions of Indian monarchs]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural depictions of Indira Gandhi]]<br /> [[Category:Films about corruption in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films about elections]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Cho Ramaswamy]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in 1971]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Films with screenplays by Cho Ramaswamy]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films based on plays]]<br /> [[Category:Indian political satire films]]<br /> [[Category:Political controversies in film]]<br /> [[Category:Political controversies in India]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language political satire films]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gentleman_(2016_film)&diff=500213 2026-04-11T09:48:04Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: started details</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2016 film by Mohan Krishna Indraganti}}<br /> {{good article}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Gentleman<br /> | image = Gentleman (2016 film) poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Mohan Krishna Indraganti]]<br /> | producer = [[Sivalenka Krishna Prasad]]<br /> | writer = [[R. Raghu|R. David Nathan]]&lt;br /&gt;Mohan Krishna Indraganti<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|&lt;!--Order as per end credits--&gt;<br /> * [[Nani (actor)|Nani]]<br /> * [[Nivetha Thomas]]<br /> * [[Surbhi]] <br /> * [[Tanikella Bharani]] <br /> * [[Srinivas Avasarala]]<br /> * [[Vennela Kishore]] <br /> }}<br /> | music = [[Mani Sharma]]<br /> | cinematography = [[P. G. Vinda]]<br /> | editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]<br /> | studio = [[Sridevi Movies]]<br /> | distributor = Gaatri Media&lt;br /&gt;(Overseas)&lt;ref name=&quot;IANS overseas release&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/gentleman-which-stars-nani-to-release-in-127-screens-in-the-us/story-LtyxY3Oy5Xb7q8GHfjHzxO.html |title=Gentleman which stars Nani to release in 127 screens in the US |date=13 June 2016 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=22 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622155458/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/gentleman-which-stars-nani-to-release-in-127-screens-in-the-us/story-LtyxY3Oy5Xb7q8GHfjHzxO.html |archive-date=22 June 2016 |agency=Indo-Asian News Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | released = {{film date|df=y|2016|06|17}}<br /> | runtime = 145 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget = {{INR}}15 [[crore]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/summer-season-new-movies-released-323527 |title=వేచవి చూద్దాం! |last=Jayadeva |first=Rentala |date=15 March 2016 |work=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |access-date=19 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316144514/http://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/summer-season-new-movies-released-323527 |archive-date=16 March 2016 |language=Telugu |trans-title=Awaiting this summer!}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}32.6 crore&lt;ref name=&quot;gross&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/best-tollywood-2016-top-25-highest-grossing-telugu-movies-year-710121 |title=Best of Tollywood 2016: Top 25 highest-grossing Telugu movies of the year |last=H. Hooli |first=Shekhar |date=28 December 2016 |website=International Business Times India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231015638/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/best-tollywood-2016-top-25-highest-grossing-telugu-movies-year-710121 |archive-date=31 December 2016 |access-date=31 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Nani Gentleman'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgmowJ5r-es&amp;feature=youtu.be |title=Nani Gentleman Movie Theatrical Trailer |last=Sridevi Movies |authorlink=Sridevi Movies |date=22 May 2016 |website=YouTube |access-date=28 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; (or simply '''''Gentleman''''') is a 2016 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic thriller]] film directed by [[Mohan Krishna Indraganti]] who wrote the film with R.{{nbsp}}David Nathan. Produced by [[Sivalenka Krishna Prasad]]'s Sridevi Movies, ''Gentleman'' stars [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] in [[dual role|double role]] alongside [[Nivetha Thomas]], [[Surbhi]],[[Tanikella Bharani]], [[Srinivas Avasarala]] and [[Vennela Kishore]]. The film narrates the story of two women, Aishwarya and Catherine, whose respective lovers, Jayaram and Gautham, are lookalikes. When Gautham dies in an accident, Catherine suspects Jai's role in it and spies on him, which reveals further truths about Jai and the people around him, including Gautham.<br /> <br /> The film marked Prasad's return to film production after an eight-year hiatus. [[P. G. Vinda]] was the film's director of photography. [[Mani Sharma]] composed the soundtrack and score; [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]] edited the film. [[Principal photography]] commenced in November 2015 and lasted until April 2016. Except for a schedule in [[Kodaikanal]], the majority of the film's portions were shot in and around [[Hyderabad]].<br /> <br /> Produced on a budget of {{INR}}15 [[crore]], ''Gentleman'' was released on 17{{nbsp}}June 2016 in 700 screens globally. It was also the third biggest South Indian film released in the United States to that point in terms of screen-count. Post-release, the film received positive reviews from critics and audience, where it become a commercial success at the box office, grossing a total of {{INR}}32.6 crore globally, with a distributor share of {{INR}}16.3 crore. [[Nivetha Thomas]] won [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut (Telugu)]] at [[6th South Indian International Movie Awards]] for her role in the film. The film was remade in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as ''Villain'' in 2018 and in [[Odia language|Odia]] as ''Blackmail'' in 2018.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Aishwarya, the daughter of an affluent entrepreneur, boards a flight back to [[Hyderabad]] from the United States. Catherine, a [[visual effects|VFX]] designer returning from a month-long workshop, boards the same flight in [[London]]. To help pass the time, they share their love stories. Catherine explains that she is in a relationship with Gautham, a graduate from [[IIM]] who owns an adventure club, and Aishwarya shares that her fiancé Jayaram &quot;Jai&quot; Mullapudi is an award-winning entrepreneur who oversees his father's company ''Jai Gowri Finance''. When Aishwarya and Catherine arrive in Hyderabad, they are met by Jai and the former's cousin Vamsi. Catherine gets shocked to see that Jai is Gautham's lookalike.<br /> <br /> After hearing from Gautham's mother Yashoda about his death in an accident ten days earlier, she leaves the house grief-stricken. An investigative journalist named Nithya meets her and tells her that she suspects that Gautham was murdered. They initially suspect David, Catherine's uncle, who is admitted to a hospital after an overdose of [[narcotics]]. Catherine reaches the hospital only to learn that Jai has kidnapped the comatose David. Nithya uncovers information about a potential accounting scandal in Jai Gowri Finance and knows that the suicide of Jai's uncle Mohan and Gautham's accident took place on the same day. Catherine and Nithya agree on spying on Jai. Aishwarya recommends Catherine to Jai for a job in the latter's company, to which he reluctantly agrees.<br /> <br /> Catherine's presence in the company disturbs Jai, who soon realizes that she is spying on him. Nevertheless, he remains silent. Catherine overhears a conversation between Vamsi and Jai where the former threatens to disclose the latter's involvement in Gautham's murder to the media. Catherine then becomes the victim of an attempted murder, almost getting run over by a lorry while on the road. She later gains information about the security arrangements of the company by coercing her team leader Sudarshanam. Nithya provides a duplicate of the master key to Jai's cabin. Catherine finds the discharge papers of David and Gautham and a document confirming the transfer of {{INR}}5 billion from Aishwarya's company.<br /> <br /> Catherine and Nithya later visit an orphanage where David is being treated and find him dead. They spot Jai leaving the orphanage in a hurry, which strengthens their suspicions. At a party, Jai is disturbed after observing a growing intimacy between Catherine and Vamsi, an intimacy created by Catherine to provoke Jai. After mustering courage, Jai tells Vamsi that he will divulge the truth to the police. Vamsi rushes to fetch the documents with which he has been blackmailing Jai. Jai reaches the place and a fight ensues. Jai kills Vamsi and manages to make it look like a road accident. Jai then destroys all the documents Vamsi had been using to blackmail him. The following day, Aishwarya finds Jai's clothes and photograph in Catherine's closet and suspects an illicit relationship between them. After a dejected Aishwarya calls off the marriage and leaves, Catherine confronts Jai and challenges him to unveil his real self as a murderer and fraudster.<br /> <br /> Initially stoic, an emotional Jai reveals that he is Gautham himself by showing a wristband Catherine had given him before leaving for London. The couple reconciles and Gautham starts narrating the truth. Vamsi, who is jealous of Jai's success, persuades David, his old friend, to murder him. Assuming he is Gautham, David agrees, due to a fight he had with Gautham earlier. Meanwhile, Gautham comes across Jai's photograph on the Internet and alters his look to resemble Jai, and meets Mohan in an attempt to find sponsors for his club. A dying Mohan reveals that Vamsi coerced him to invest in betting and illegal businesses, which resulted in a loss of nearly {{INR}}5 billion, for which Aishwarya's father Ram Prakash agreed to reimburse him.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, David fatally stabs Jai in a warehouse, which is secretly filmed by Vamsi. Before Jai dies, Gautham reaches the spot and promises Jai to save his company from Vamsi and others. Gautham then places his clothes and wallet along with Jai's body in his car and pushes it into a lake, making it look like an accident. Yashoda helps him with this cover-up, and Gautham begins his new life as Jai. However, Vamsi, who knows Gautham's true identity and filmed all the events, edits the visuals and blackmails Gautham. With Catherine spying on him, Gautham had no option but to remain silent to avoid issues with Vamsi. Gautham also reveals that Vamsi is the one who attempted to murder Catherine with the lorry. Aishwarya emerges, having overheard the entire conversation, and the families mourn Jai's death. A year later, the families of Jai and Aishwarya attend an award ceremony where Aishwarya is adjudged the best entrepreneur of the year. She dedicates the award to the deceased Jai, as Gautham and Catherine watch teary-eyed.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> * [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] in [[dual roles]] as Gautham and Jayaram Mullapudi &quot;Jai&quot;<br /> * [[Nivetha Thomas]] as Catherine &quot;Cathy&quot;, Gautham's love interest<br /> * [[Surbhi]] as Aishwarya &quot;Aishu&quot;, Jayaram's love interest<br /> * [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Mohan, Jayaram's uncle<br /> * [[Srinivas Avasarala]] as Vamsi<br /> * [[Vennela Kishore]] as Sudarshanam<br /> * [[Vinay Varma]] as David, Catherine's uncle<br /> * [[Sreemukhi]] as Nithya<br /> * [[Anand (actor)|Anand]] as Ram Prakash, Aishwarya's father<br /> * [[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]] as Jayaram's mother<br /> * [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as Yashoda, Gautham's mother<br /> * [[Satyam Rajesh]] as Catherine's colleague<br /> * [[Rama Prabha]] as Aishwarya's grandmother<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> <br /> === Development ===<br /> After the release of ''[[Bandipotu (2015 film)|Bandipotu]]'' (2015), filmmaker [[Mohan Krishna Indraganti]] began working on two scripts; one of those reached completion in March 2015. Indraganti stated that he had long been keen on making a film based on that concept, adding that it would be a completely new genre for him.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-telangana/lets-hope-things-turn-around-for-this-family/article7017746.ece | title=Let's hope things turn around for this family | work=The Hindu | date=21 March 2015 | access-date=21 June 2016 | first1=Rahul | last2=Krishnamoorthy | first2=Suresh | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621150149/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-telangana/lets-hope-things-turn-around-for-this-family/article7017746.ece | archive-date=21 June 2016 | last1=Devulapalli}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sivalenka Krishna Prasad agreed to bankroll the film, marking his comeback to film production after a sabbatical of eight years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/140616/a-comeback-after-eight-years-for-sivalenka-krishna-prasad.html | title=A comeback after eight years for Sivalenka Krishna Prasad | work=Deccan Chronicle | date=14 June 2016 | access-date=21 June 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621150042/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/140616/a-comeback-after-eight-years-for-sivalenka-krishna-prasad.html | archive-date=21 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prasad urged Indraganti to listen to a script written by Tamil writer [[R. Raghu|R. David Nathan]]. Indraganti found Nathan's script too alien for the Telugu-speaking audience and tweaked it to suit the regional sensibilities.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indraganti int NT&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.namasthetelangaana.com/CinemaNews-in-Telugu/director-mohana-krishna-indraganti-interview-2-1-474554.html | title=ఎలాగైనా ఆ సినిమా చేస్తాను! |trans-title=I will make that film for sure! | work=Namasthe Telangana | date=21 June 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | language=Telugu | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622040856/http://www.namasthetelangaana.com/CinemaNews-in-Telugu/director-mohana-krishna-indraganti-interview-2-1-474554.html | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; He later revealed that the film would be a [[romantic thriller]] and dedicated its second half to filmmaker [[Alfred Hitchcock]] as a tribute.&lt;ref name=&quot;gulf news&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/south-india/hero-or-villain-the-tagline-of-gentleman-keeps-nani-s-fans-wondering-1.1846537 | title=Hero or Villain: The tagline of 'Gentleman' keeps Nani's fans wondering | work=Gulf News | date=15 June 2016 | access-date=21 June 2016 | last=Ramachandran | first=Mythily | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621160342/http://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/south-india/hero-or-villain-the-tagline-of-gentleman-keeps-nani-s-fans-wondering-1.1846537 | archive-date=21 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> R. David Nathan was credited with providing the story and scenario, while Indraganti penned the screenplay and the dialogue besides co-writing the script. [[P. G. Vinda]] was the film's director of photography. [[Mani Sharma]] composed the film's soundtrack and score. [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]] edited the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jayadeva&quot;&gt;{{cite web | work=Sakshi | url=http://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/nani-gentleman-review-353133 | title=జెంటిల్... సస్పెన్స్ థ్రిల్లర్ |trans-title=Gentle... Suspense thriller | date=18 June 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | last=Jayadeva | first=Rentala| language=Telugu | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622042355/http://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/nani-gentleman-review-353133 | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the protagonist is suspected to be a villain but actually is a gentleman, Indraganti wanted to name the film by choosing the Telugu equivalent of the word gentleman. After considering titles such as ''Uttamudu'' and ''Manchivadu'', he chose ''Gentleman'',&lt;ref name=&quot;Indraganti int NT&quot;/&gt; with the tagline &quot;Hero? Villain?&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;gulf news&quot;/&gt; The title was formally announced on 15{{nbsp}}April 2016,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/Krishnagaadu-to-Return-as-Gentleman/2016/04/15/article3382049.ece | title=Krishnagaadu to Return as Gentleman | work=The New Indian Express | date=15 April 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622144518/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/Krishnagaadu-to-Return-as-Gentleman/2016/04/15/article3382049.ece | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; on the eve of [[Sri Rama Navami]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-04-16/Nani-is-now-Gentleman/221860 | title=Nani is now Gentleman | work=The Hans India | date=16 April 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622145029/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-04-16/Nani-is-now-Gentleman/221860 | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Casting ===<br /> {{quote box<br /> | quote = &quot;[Jai] is that mysterious guy in our friends circle. You never know how he reacts and that is what exactly I wanted to portray on screen. [...] on ''Gentleman'' sets I had to read the earlier day sequences and the next day sequences to get my present-day shot to perfection.&quot;<br /> | source = Nani, on playing Jayaram &quot;Jai&quot; Mullapudi, in an interview with ''[[The Hans India]]'' in June 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-06-16/Racing-ahead/235428 | title=Racing ahead | work=The Hans India | date=16 June 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | last=Goud | first=Nagaraj | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622050402/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-06-16/Racing-ahead/235428 | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | align = right<br /> | width = 35%<br /> }}<br /> Indraganti signed his protégé [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] as the protagonist after being impressed with his performance as a selfish businessperson in ''[[Yevade Subramanyam]]'' (2015); it marked their second collaboration after ''[[Ashta Chamma]]'' (2008).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/meet-the-gentleman/article8669226.ece | title=Meet the Gentleman | work=The Hindu | date=31 May 2016 | access-date=21 June 2016 | last=Dundoo | first=Sangeetha Devi | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621155223/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/meet-the-gentleman/article8669226.ece | archive-date=21 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In February 2016 Nani was reported to play a dual role in the film and [[Srinivas Avasarala]]{{'s}} inclusion was confirmed.&lt;ref name=&quot;dual role DNA&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-actor-nani-plays-a-dual-role-in-indraganti-mohan-krishna-s-film-2177283 | title=Actor Nani plays a double role in Indraganti Mohan Krishna's film | work=Daily News and Analysis | date=13 February 2016 | access-date=21 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621163225/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-actor-nani-plays-a-dual-role-in-indraganti-mohan-krishna-s-film-2177283 | archive-date=21 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indraganti described the latter's role as &quot;something very complex&quot;, unlike the comic and supporting roles he has undertaken in the past.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indraganti int TH&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/i-get-bored-if-i-dont-take-risks/article8608373.ece | title='I get bored if I don't take risks' | work=The Hindu | date=17 June 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | last=Chowdary | first=Y. Sunita | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622043743/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/i-get-bored-if-i-dont-take-risks/article8608373.ece | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was later revealed that Nani's character would feature a negative streak and that a pair of spectacles would be instrumental as a &quot;key contrasting feature&quot; for the dual role.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nani-to-have-a-mean-streak-in-his-next/articleshow/51874406.cms |title=Nani to have a mean streak in his next |work=The Times of India |date=18 April 2016 |access-date=21 June 2016 |last=Palaparthi |first=Srividya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621164145/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nani-to-have-a-mean-streak-in-his-next/articleshow/51874406.cms |archive-date=21 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Indraganti stated that the film &quot;explores human frailties&quot; and lacks a &quot;conventional villain, one who is completely bad&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;gulf news&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Surbhi]] and [[Nivetha Thomas]] were cast as the female leads in September 2015;&lt;ref name=&quot;Surabhi TOI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Surabhi-to-romance-Nani-in-his-next/articleshow/49045056.cms |title=Surabhi to romance Nani in his next |work=The Times of India |date=21 September 2015 |access-date=21 June 2016 |last=Jonnalagedda |first=Pranita |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621161241/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Surabhi-to-romance-Nani-in-his-next/articleshow/49045056.cms |archive-date=21 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Niveda-Thomas-in-Nani-Indragantis-next/articleshow/49162836.cms |title=Niveda Thomas in Nani, Indraganti's next |work=The Times of India |date=30 September 2015 |access-date=21 June 2016 |last=Jonnalagedda |first=Pranita |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621161444/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Niveda-Thomas-in-Nani-Indragantis-next/articleshow/49162836.cms |archive-date=21 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Gentleman'' marks the latter's debut in [[Telugu cinema]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Niveda int THS&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-06-15/Striking-a-balance/235200 | title=Striking a balance | work=The Hans India | date=15 June 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | last=Goud | first=Nagaraj | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622051329/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-06-15/Striking-a-balance/235200 | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Surbhi's name was suggested by Nani to Indraganti, who was impressed with her performance in ''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari]]'' (2014).&lt;ref name=&quot;Surabhi int DC&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/290616/surabhi-on-cloud-nine-after-success-of-gentleman.html | title=Surabhi on cloud nine after success of Gentleman | work=Deccan Chronicle | date=29 June 2016 | access-date=30 June 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630065343/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/290616/surabhi-on-cloud-nine-after-success-of-gentleman.html | archive-date=30 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Commenting on Aishwarya's characterisation, Surbhi stated that she would play a rich young entrepreneur who &quot;has her values intact and takes life very seriously&quot; besides being &quot;generous and compassionate&quot;. Her costumes were a blend of ethnic and urban casuals.&lt;ref name=&quot;Surabhi int THS&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-05-18/Commercial-films-on-my-mind-Surabhi/228693 | title=Commercial films on my mind: Surabhi | work=The Hans India | date=18 May 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | last=Adivi | first=Sashidhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622052634/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-05-18/Commercial-films-on-my-mind-Surabhi/228693 | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nivetha called her role as Catherine an &quot;independent, vulnerable and modern girl who is ready to take on any challenge head-on&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niveda int THS&quot;/&gt; Two romantic tracks were written for the leads; while one was cinematic, the other was more realistic.&lt;ref name=&quot;gulf news&quot;/&gt; Nivetha learnt Telugu during the film's shoot and was encouraged by Nani and Indraganti to dub for her portions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/all-eyes-on-nivetha/article8764381.ece | title=All eyes on Nivetha | work=The Hindu | date=23 June 2016 | access-date=24 June 2016 | last=Dundoo | first=Sangeetha Devi | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624052519/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/all-eyes-on-nivetha/article8764381.ece | archive-date=24 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; She gave up the attempt to attend her architecture exams in [[Chennai]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Niveda int THS&quot;/&gt; [[Vennela Kishore]] was cast as Sudarshanam, a comic role of a suspicious team leader.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jayadeva&quot;/&gt; Sreemukhi played the role of Nithya, an investigative journalist,&lt;ref name=&quot;Jayadeva&quot;/&gt; which was reported to be a key supporting role.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Actress-Sreemukhi-excited-about-Nanis-Gentleman/articleshow/52417521.cms |title=Actress Sreemukhi excited about Nani's Gentleman |work=The Times of India |date=24 May 2016 |access-date=22 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622143536/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Actress-Sreemukhi-excited-about-Nanis-Gentleman/articleshow/52417521.cms |archive-date=22 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Filming ===<br /> According to Indraganti, the costumes, production design, and cinematography were well-coordinated, resulting in the film being produced with an &quot;interesting palette&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indraganti int TH&quot;/&gt; Surbhi joined the film's sets in November 2015, and Nani was expected to begin filming for his portions after completing ''[[Krishna Gaadi Veera Prema Gaadha]]'' (2015).&lt;ref name=&quot;Surabhi TOI&quot;/&gt; The film's cast and crew, including the director, underwent a thorough reading session to better understand the story and its characters before rehearsals.&lt;ref name=&quot;Surabhi int DC&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Surabhi int THS&quot;/&gt; Filming was stalled in December 2015 due to the death of a crew member at the [[Sanghi Temple]] in [[Hayathnagar]], Hyderabad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151219/entertainment-tollywood/article/death-sets | title=A death on the sets | work=Deccan Chronicle | date=20 December 2015 | access-date=22 June 2016 | last=Deepak | first=Pinto | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622150814/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151219/entertainment-tollywood/article/death-sets | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Surbhi and Nani completed filming of their portions in ''Gentleman'' while continuing to promote their respective films ''[[Express Raja]]'' (2016) and ''Krishna Gaadi Veera Prema Gaadha'' in Hyderabad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/nani-i-will-never-stop-going-to-single-screens/article8218362.ece | title=Nani: I will never stop going to single screens | work=The Hindu | date=10 February 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | last=Dundoo | first=Sangeetha Devi | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622065435/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/nani-i-will-never-stop-going-to-single-screens/article8218362.ece | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/out-of-the-woods/article8038112.ece | title=Out of the woods | work=The Hindu | date=29 December 2015 | access-date=22 June 2016 | last=Chowdary | first=Y. Sunita | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622065312/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/out-of-the-woods/article8038112.ece | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The first schedule wrapped up in mid-February 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;dual role DNA&quot;/&gt; By then, 40% of the film's shoot had been completed. The next schedule commenced at [[Kodaikanal]] on 22{{nbsp}}February 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/Late-Summer-Release-for-Nanis-Next/2016/02/23/article3292928.ece | title=Late Summer Release for Nani's Next | work=The New Indian Express | date=23 February 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | last=Yellapantula | first=Suhas | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622151750/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/Late-Summer-Release-for-Nanis-Next/2016/02/23/article3292928.ece | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Major scenes and songs were filmed during the schedule, which lasted until 6{{nbsp}}March 2016. The last schedule began on 14{{nbsp}}March 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-tollywood-actor-nani-celebrates-his-birthday-in-kodaikanal-2181629 | title=Tollywood actor Nani celebrates his birthday in Kodaikanal | work=Daily News and Analysis | date=24 February 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622151458/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-tollywood-actor-nani-celebrates-his-birthday-in-kodaikanal-2181629 | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Principal photography]] neared completion in early April 2016, and the remaining portions were filmed in Hyderabad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-04-02/Nanis-next-nearing-completion/218277 | title=Nani's next nearing completion | work=The Hans India | date=2 April 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622152510/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-04-02/Nanis-next-nearing-completion/218277 | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[post-production]] work commenced in late April 2016, after the completion of the film's shoot.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.sify.com/movies/nani-s-gentleman-completes-shoot-news-telugu-qe2ksObbcfefg.html | title=Nani's 'Gentleman' completes shoot | website=[[Sify]] | date=28 April 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622152727/http://www.sify.com/movies/nani-s-gentleman-completes-shoot-news-telugu-qe2ksObbcfefg.html | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> Mani Sharma composed the soundtrack and score of ''Gentleman'', which consists of four songs.&lt;ref name=&quot;track listing&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls-PQOGDlK8 | title=Gentleman Full Songs Jukebox -- Nani, Surbhi, Nivetha Thamas, Mani Sharmaa | publisher=[[Aditya Music]] | date=22 May 2016 | via=[[YouTube]] | access-date=23 May 2016 | archive-date=2 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602041238/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls-PQOGDlK8 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; His inclusion into the film's technical crew was confirmed in late February 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Mani-Sharma-to-compose-for-Nanis-next/articleshow/51177628.cms |title=Mani Sharma to compose for Nani's next |work=The Times of India |date=28 February 2016 |access-date=20 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620155103/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Mani-Sharma-to-compose-for-Nanis-next/articleshow/51177628.cms |archive-date=20 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Impressed with his work in ''[[Krishna Gaadi Veera Prema Gaadha]]'', Nani recommended lyricist Krishna Kanth to Sharma,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/krishna-kanth-realises-his-dream-through-writing/article8244706.ece | title=Krishna Kanth realises his dream through writing | date=16 February 2016 | access-date=20 June 2016 | last=Dundoo | first=Sangeetha Devi | newspaper=The Hindu | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620155331/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/krishna-kanth-realises-his-dream-through-writing/article8244706.ece | archive-date=20 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; who wrote the lyrics for two songs. [[Ramajogayya Sastry]] and [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri]] each penned the lyrics for one song.&lt;ref name=&quot;track listing&quot;/&gt; The soundtrack, marketed by [[Aditya Music]],&lt;ref name=&quot;track listing&quot;/&gt; was released on 31 May 2016 at a promotional event attended by the full cast and crew.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-05-23/musical-evening/229978 | title=musical evening | work=The Hans India | date=23 May 2016 | access-date=21 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621034354/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-05-23/musical-evening/229978 | archive-date=21 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Reviewing the soundtrack, ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave a rating of four stars and stated that it &quot;excels with various styles and genres, kicking mediocrity out of the window&quot;. The newspaper termed &quot;Chali Gaali Chuudduu&quot; a &quot;real gem of a song&quot;, praising the lyrics and an interlude with [[trumpet]] solo that &quot;comes as a breath of fresh air&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Music-Review-Gentleman/articleshow/52448249.cms |title=Music Review: Gentleman |work=The Times of India |date=26 May 2016 |access-date=21 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621040325/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Music-Review-Gentleman/articleshow/52448249.cms |archive-date=21 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Karthik Srinivasan]], writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'', found the second interlude of &quot;Chali Gaali Chuudduu&quot; a &quot;beautifully melodic and extended&quot; one similar to the works of [[Ilaiyaraaja]]. Srinivasan termed the song a &quot;wonderfully mellow and jazzy&quot; melody and praised the renditions by [[Haricharan]] and [[Padmalatha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/hitman-songs-you-must-listen-to-this-week/article8746131.ece | title=Hitman: Songs you must listen to this week | work=The Hindu | date=18 June 2016 | access-date=21 June 2016 | last=Srinivasan | first=Karthik | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621041136/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/hitman-songs-you-must-listen-to-this-week/article8746131.ece | archive-date=21 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Gentleman<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Mani Sharma]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 31 May 2016<br /> | recorded = 2016<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 20:17<br /> | label = [[Aditya Music]]<br /> | producer = [[Mani Sharma]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Lion (2015 film)|Lion]]<br /> | prev_year = 2015<br /> | next_title = Siddhartha<br /> | next_year = 2016<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Track-List<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 20:17<br /> | title1 = Chali Gaali Chuudduu<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri]]<br /> | extra1 = [[Haricharan]], Padmalatha, Malvika Sriram<br /> | length1 = 04:27<br /> | title2 = Gusa Gusa Lade<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]<br /> | extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Pranavi<br /> | length2 = 03:57<br /> | title3 = Dintaka Dintaka<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Krishna Kanth]]<br /> | extra3 = Rahul, Uma Neha<br /> | length3 = 03:44<br /> | title4 = Saturday Night Fever<br /> | lyrics4 = Krishna Kanth<br /> | extra4 = Narendra, [[Manisha Eerabathini]]<br /> | length4 = 04:11<br /> | title5 = Gusa Gusa Lade (Version 2)<br /> | lyrics5 = Ramajogayya Sastry<br /> | extra5 = [[Sri Krishna (singer)|Sri Krishna]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]<br /> | length5 = 03:58<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> ''Gentleman'' was released worldwide on 17{{nbsp}}June 2016 in 700 screens, competing with other Telugu films such as ''Guppedantha Prema'', ''Premikudu'', and ''Rudra IPS''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-clash-nanis-gentleman-lock-horns-guppedantha-prema-premikudu-rudra-ips-682874 | title=Box office clash: Nani's 'Gentleman' to lock horns with 'Guppedantha Prema,' 'Premikudu,' 'Rudra IPS' | work=International Business Times India | date=15 June 2016 | access-date=20 June 2016 | last=H. Hooli | first=Shekhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620053914/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-clash-nanis-gentleman-lock-horns-guppedantha-prema-premikudu-rudra-ips-682874 | archive-date=20 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Day 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-worldwide-box-office-collection-indragantis-movie-emerges-biggest-opener-nani-683435 | title='Gentleman' worldwide box office collection: Indraganti's movie emerges as biggest opener for Nani | work=International Business Times India | date=19 June 2016 | access-date=20 June 2016 | last=H. Hooli | first=Shekhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620053107/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-us-box-office-collection-indragantis-film-beats-opening-record-nanis-bbm-kvpg-683152 | archive-date=20 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gaatri Media released the film on 127 screens in the United States with special premieres, claiming it the biggest release for a film starring Nani up to that date.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-06-14/Record-number-of-US-screens-for-Nanis-Gentleman/235056 | title=Record number of US screens for Nani's Gentleman | work=The Hans India | date=14 June 2016 | agency=Indo-Asian News Service | access-date=22 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622154257/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-06-14/Record-number-of-US-screens-for-Nanis-Gentleman/235056 | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to [[Indo-Asian News Service]], ''Gentleman'' had the third biggest release for a South Indian film to that point after ''[[24 (2016 film)|24]]'' and ''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;IANS overseas release&quot;/&gt; The release locations included a few smaller cities of the United States such as [[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee]], [[Maryville, Illinois|Maryville]], and [[Poughkeepsie, New York|Poughkeepsie]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/south-india/nani-s-gentleman-to-open-on-127-screens-in-us-1.1845101 | title=Nani's 'Gentleman' to open on 127 screens in US | work=Gulf News | date=14 June 2016 | agency=Indo-Asian News Service | access-date=22 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622154710/http://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/south-india/nani-s-gentleman-to-open-on-127-screens-in-us-1.1845101 | archive-date=22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Besides the United States, ''Gentleman'' was released in other overseas markets such as [[Africa]] and [[Germany]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IANS overseas release&quot;/&gt; The film was remade into [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as ''Villain'' (2018).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ankush-mimi-starrer-villains-poster-is-out/articleshow/65541168.cms|title=Ankush-Mimi starrer Villain's poster is out|work=The Times of India|last=Ganguly|first=Ruman|date=25 August 2018|access-date=4 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604142905/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ankush-mimi-starrer-villains-poster-is-out/articleshow/65541168.cms|archive-date=4 June 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> === Critical reception ===<br /> ''Gentleman'' received positive reviews, with praise for the performances, Sharma's score, and the scripting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-review-round-nani-surubhi-niveda-starrer-gets-good-verdict-rich-ratings-critics-683247 | title='Gentleman' review round-up: Nani-Surubhi-Niveda-starrer gets good verdict, rich ratings from critics | work=International Business Times India | date=17 June 2016 | access-date=19 June 2016 | last=H. Hooli | first=Shekhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619042609/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-review-round-nani-surubhi-niveda-starrer-gets-good-verdict-rich-ratings-critics-683247 | archive-date=19 June 2016 | quote=Nani, Surubhi and Niveda Thomas-starrer Telugu movie &quot;Gentleman,&quot; which was released in theatres on June 17, garnered positive verdict and rich ratings from the film critics.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mridula Ramadugu of ''Firstpost'' praised the performances of Nani and Niveda in particular and called ''Gentleman'' a very subtle thriller that &quot;stands out from the typical, action drama&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/gentleman-review-nani-and-niveda-are-the-stars-of-this-gripping-thriller-2842180.html | title='Gentleman' review: Nani and Niveda are the stars of this gripping thriller | work=Firstpost | date=18 June 2016 | access-date=19 June 2016 | last=Ramadugu | first=Mridula | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619042631/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/gentleman-review-nani-and-niveda-are-the-stars-of-this-gripping-thriller-2842180.html | archive-date=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Purnima Sriram of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' termed the film a &quot;game changer&quot; in Nani's career, and one that can &quot;penetrate minds with intelligent moves in every scene&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Review-This-Gentleman-is-a-game-changer/2016/06/19/article3487505.ece | title=Review: This Gentleman is a game-changer | work=The New Indian Express | date=19 June 2016 | access-date=19 June 2016 | last=Sriram | first=Purnima | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619063856/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Review-This-Gentleman-is-a-game-changer/2016/06/19/article3487505.ece | archive-date=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'', Sangeetha Devi Dundoo gave three and a half stars out of five and called ''Gentleman'' an &quot;intriguing tale marked by fine performances&quot;. Dundoo praised Nani's performance and found it &quot;swiftly moving between being vulnerable and ominous&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/nani-gentleman-review/article8741591.ece | title=Make way for this 'Gentleman' | work=The Hindu | date=17 June 2016 | access-date=19 June 2016 | last=Dundoo | first=Sangeetha Devi | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619042651/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/nani-gentleman-review/article8741591.ece | archive-date=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suresh Kavirayani of the ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' also gave the film three and a half stars out of five, praising the performances of the principal cast and Sharma's score. He also praised Indraganti's screenplay and dialogues but criticised the climax and the love story of Nani and Surbhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/180616/gentleman-movie-review-nani-steals-the-show.html | title=Gentleman movie review: Nani steals the show | work=Deccan Chronicle | date=18 June 2016 | access-date=19 June 2016 | last=Kavirayani | first=Suresh | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619042801/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/180616/gentleman-movie-review-nani-steals-the-show.html | archive-date=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Karthik Keramalu of [[News18]] gave ''Gentleman'' three stars out of five and stated, &quot;I wouldn't say this is the most experimental film [Nani] has worked on; I would say this is an excellent film he has chosen to work on within the limited space of [the] commercial cinema.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/gentleman-review-the-nani-starrer-entertains-well-1257912.html | title='Gentleman' Review: The Nani Starrer Entertains Well | website=News18 | date=18 June 2016 | access-date=19 June 2016 | last=Keramalu | first=Karthik | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619042840/http://www.news18.com/news/movies/gentleman-review-the-nani-starrer-entertains-well-1257912.html | archive-date=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sify]] also gave the film a rating of three stars and called it a &quot;neat thriller&quot; that &quot;doesn't move to the next level after promising best in the interval period&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.sify.com/movies/gentleman-review-a-neat-thriller-review--qgrpfWdeafgfi.html | title=Gentleman review: A neat thriller | website=[[Sify]] | date=18 June 2016 | access-date=19 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619042930/http://www.sify.com/movies/gentleman-review-a-neat-thriller-review--qgrpfWdeafgfi.html | archive-date=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In contrast, L.{{nbsp}}Ravichander of ''[[The Hans India]]'' rated the film two stars out of five and criticised the performances of the principal cast except that of Nani for lacking authenticity, adding that the actor &quot;fights a lone battle to bring credibility&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Tollywood/2016-06-18/Too-gentle/235943 | title=Too gentle | work=The Hans India | date=18 June 2016 | access-date=19 June 2016 | last=Ravichander | first=L. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619043117/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Tollywood/2016-06-18/Too-gentle/235943 | archive-date=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Box office ===<br /> ''Gentleman'' debuted with earnings of US$71,938 ({{INR}}48.25 [[lakh]]) from its premiere shows, surpassing the records set by Nani's previous films.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-us-box-office-collection-indragantis-film-beats-opening-record-nanis-bbm-kvpg-683152 | title='Gentleman' US box office collection: Indraganti's movie beats opening record of Nani's 'BBM,' 'KVPG' | work=International Business Times India | date=18 June 2016 | access-date=20 June 2016 | last=H. Hooli | first=Shekhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620053107/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-us-box-office-collection-indragantis-film-beats-opening-record-nanis-bbm-kvpg-683152 | archive-date=20 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The opening global gross and distributor share figures stood at {{INR}}5.5 crore and {{INR}}3.19 crore, respectively, making it Nani's career best opener.&lt;ref name=&quot;Day 1&quot;/&gt; In its first weekend, ''Gentleman'' grossed nearly {{INR}}14 crore and collected a distributor share of approximately {{INR}}9 crore globally.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-1st-weekend-box-office-collection-nani-starrer-beats-kvpg-3-day-record-683488 | title='Gentleman' 1st weekend box office collection: Nani starrer beats 'KVPG' 3-day record | work=International Business Times India | date=20 June 2016 | access-date=20 June 2016 | last=H. Hooli | first=Shekhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620133853/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-1st-weekend-box-office-collection-nani-starrer-beats-kvpg-3-day-record-683488 | archive-date=20 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the same time, it managed to earn US$537,490 ({{INR}}3.63 crore) at the United States box office.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-us-box-office-collection-nani-starrer-crosses-half-million-dollar-mark-3-days-683618 | title='Gentleman' US box office collection: Nani-starrer crosses half million dollar-mark in 3 days | work=International Business Times India | date=21 June 2016 | access-date=21 June 2016 | last=H. Hooli | first=Shekhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621130837/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-us-box-office-collection-nani-starrer-crosses-half-million-dollar-mark-3-days-683618 | archive-date=21 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film continued to earn steady returns due to positive word of mouth; it collected a total of US$678,032 ({{INR}}4.6 crore) in eight days,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-us-box-office-collection-nani-starrer-fares-better-oka-manasu-its-8th-day-684395 | title='Gentleman' US box office collection: Nani-starrer fares better than 'Oka Manasu' on its 8th day | work=International Business Times India | date=26 June 2016 | access-date=30 June 2016 | last=H. Hooli | first=Shekhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630065844/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-us-box-office-collection-nani-starrer-fares-better-oka-manasu-its-8th-day-684395 | archive-date=30 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and US$771,107 ({{INR}}5.25 crore) in ten days at the United States box office.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/us-box-office-collection-gentleman-fares-better-oka-manasu-aa-kundanapu-bomma-684582 | title=US box office collection: 'Gentleman' fares better than 'Oka Manasu,' 'A...Aa' and 'Kundanapu Bomma' | work=International Business Times India | date=27 June 2016 | access-date=30 June 2016 | last=H. Hooli | first=Shekhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630065842/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/us-box-office-collection-gentleman-fares-better-oka-manasu-aa-kundanapu-bomma-684582 | archive-date=30 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; It also experienced a decent theatrical run at the AP/Nizam box office, where it grossed {{INR}}15.4 crore in ten days, with a distributor share of {{INR}}10.21 crore.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-gentleman-tops-ap-t-business-chart-beating-oka-manasu-this-weekend-684757 | title=Box office collection: 'Gentleman' tops AP/T business chart, beating 'Oka Manasu' this weekend | work=International Business Times India | date=28 June 2016 | access-date=30 June 2016 | last=H. Hooli | first=Shekhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630065841/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-gentleman-tops-ap-t-business-chart-beating-oka-manasu-this-weekend-684757 | archive-date=30 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In its third week, the film witnessed a drop of 60% in its screen count and 65% in its revenues. According to trade analyst [[Taran Adarsh]], it collected a total of US$872,320 ({{INR}}5.86 crore) in 17{{nbsp}}days at the United States box office.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-us-box-office-collection-nani-starrer-fares-better-sardaarji-2-3rd-weekend-685595 | title='Gentleman' US box office collection: Nani starrer fares better than 'Sardaarji 2' in 3rd weekend | work=International Business Times India | date=5 July 2016 | access-date=6 July 2016 | last=H. Hooli | first=Shekhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706084442/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-us-box-office-collection-nani-starrer-fares-better-sardaarji-2-3rd-weekend-685595 | archive-date=6 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film's global earnings remained steady despite reduction in screen count due to new releases. In 17{{nbsp}}days, ''Gentleman'' grossed a total of {{INR}}28.21 crore globally with a distributor share of {{INR}}16.23 crore.&lt;ref name=&quot;Day 17&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-box-office-collection-nani-starrer-inches-closer-rs-30-crore-mark-17-days-685940 | title='Gentleman' box office collection: Nani starrer inches closer to Rs 30-crore mark in 17 days | work=International Business Times India | date=8 July 2016 | access-date=8 July 2016 | last=H. Hooli | first=Shekhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708134422/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gentleman-box-office-collection-nani-starrer-inches-closer-rs-30-crore-mark-17-days-685940 | archive-date=8 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film managed to retain nine screens in the United States after the release of ''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]'' and witnessed a drop of 80% in its earnings; it collected a total of US$897,001 ({{INR}}6.03 crore) in 24 days.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/sultan-takes-toll-aa-gentleman-collections-us-box-office-686367 | title='Sultan' takes a toll on 'A...Aa,' 'Gentleman' collections at US box office | work=International Business Times India | date=12 July 2016 | access-date=13 July 2016 | last=H. Hooli | first=Shekhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713062454/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/sultan-takes-toll-aa-gentleman-collections-us-box-office-686367 | archive-date=13 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; By the end of its theatrical run, ''Gentleman'' grossed a total of {{INR}}32.6 crore globally, with a distributor share of {{INR}}17.72 crore.&lt;ref name=&quot;gross&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|5815940}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2016 films]]<br /> [[Category:2016 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s romantic thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Mani Sharma]]<br /> [[Category:Films about body swapping]]<br /> [[Category:Films about identity theft]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films about revenge]]<br /> [[Category:2010s business films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kodaikanal]]<br /> [[Category:Indian business films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Mohana Krishna Indraganti]]<br /> [[Category:2010s mystery thriller films]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gadchiroli_Sironcha_Assembly_constituency&diff=499563 2026-04-08T17:25:09Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: started a pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}} <br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency <br /> | name = Gadchiroli Sironcha <br /> | type= SLA <br /> | state = Madhya Pradesh <br /> | established = 1951 &lt;ref name=&quot;delimitation1951&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=125–153}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> | abolished = 1955 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> | electors = 90,636 <br /> | mla = Kirtimantrao Bhujangrao <br /> | party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}} <br /> | constituency_no = <br /> | latest_election_year = [[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]] <br /> | district = <br /> | loksabha_cons = <br /> | reservation = ST<br /> }} <br /> &lt;b&gt;Gadchiroli Sironcha Assembly constituency &lt;/b&gt;was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. After the 1955 Delimitation act, it was merged into [[Gadchiroli Assembly constituency|Gadchiroli]], [[Armori Assembly constituency|Armori]], [[Sironcha Assembly constituency|Sironcha]] and [[Chamorshi Assembly constituency|Chamorshi]] constituencies.<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly == <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; <br /> |- <br /> ! Election <br /> ! Member <br /> ! colspan=2|Party <br /> |- <br /> | [[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Kirtimantrao Bhujangrao &lt;br&gt; Namdeorao Balaji Poreddiwar|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}} <br /> |} <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === Assembly Election 1952 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Gadchiroli Sironcha &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kirtimantrao Bhujangrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 38,075 |percentage = 36.24% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Namdeorao Balaji Poreddiwar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 34,494 |percentage = 32.83% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maroti Rughoba Naroti |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 16,961 |percentage = 16.14% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. K. Iyer |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 12,028 |percentage = 11.45% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhagwantrao Krishnarao Bapu |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 3,512 |percentage = 3.34% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,581 |percentage = 3.41% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 105,070 |percentage = 115.93% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 105,070}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,636 |ref = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> {{reflist}} <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}} <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]] <br /> {{coord missing|Madhya Pradesh}} <br /> {{MadhyaPradesh-geo-stub}}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thank_You_for_Coming&diff=540306 2026-03-26T22:42:03Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2023 Indian Hindi language comedy-drama film directed by Karan Boolani}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Thank You for Coming<br /> | image = Thank You For Coming film poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Karan Boolani<br /> | producer = {{ubl|[[Shobha Kapoor]]|[[Anil Kapoor]]|[[Ekta Kapoor]]|[[Rhea Kapoor]]}}<br /> | writer = {{ubl|Radhika Anand|Prashasti Singh}}<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Bhumi Pednekar]]|[[Shehnaaz Gill]]|Dolly Singh|[[Kusha Kapila]]|Shibani Bedi}}<br /> | music = {{ubl|'''Songs:'''|QARAN|The Jamroom|Hanita Bhambri|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]|Aman Pant|'''Score:'''| Aman Pant}}<br /> | cinematography = [[Anil Mehta]]<br /> | editing = {{ubl|Shweta Venkat Matthew|Manan Ajay Sagar}}<br /> | studio = {{ubl|[[Balaji Motion Pictures]]|Anil Kapoor Films &amp; Communication Network}}<br /> | distributor = [[Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar Entertainment]]<br /> | released = {{film date|2023|09|15|[[2023 Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]|ref1=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=''Thank You for Coming'' |url=https://tiff.net/events/thank-you-for-coming |website=[[Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]] |access-date=12 September 2023 |archive-date=19 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919081847/https://tiff.net/events/thank-you-for-coming |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|df=yes|2023|10|6}}<br /> | runtime = 117 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/thank-you-for-coming-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde2mziw |title=''Thank You for Coming'' (15) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=3 October 2023 |access-date=3 October 2023 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005150910/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/thank-you-for-coming-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde2mziw |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = {{INR|45}} crores&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/thank-you-for-coming-box-office-collection-day-4-bhumi-pednekar-and-shehnaaz-gill-starrer-witnesses-80-percent-drop-on-monday/articleshow/104303469.cms?from=mdr|title=Thank You For Coming box office collection day 4|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 October 2023|access-date=2 November 2023|archive-date=4 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104140354/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/thank-you-for-coming-box-office-collection-day-4-bhumi-pednekar-and-shehnaaz-gill-starrer-witnesses-80-percent-drop-on-monday/articleshow/104303469.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = {{estimated}} {{INR|9.64}} crores&lt;ref name=&quot;Thank You For Coming Box Office&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/thank-you-for-coming/box-office/|title=Thank You For Coming Box Office|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=6 October 2023|access-date=7 October 2023|archive-date=6 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006042315/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/thank-you-for-coming/box-office/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''''Thank You for Coming''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Hindi-language]] [[sex comedy film]] directed by Karan Boolani and produced by [[Rhea Kapoor]] and [[Ekta Kapoor]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Thank You For Coming: Bhumi Pednekar, Shehnaaz Gill join Kusha Kapila and Dolly Singh on new 'chick flick'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/thank-you-for-coming-bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-kapil-kusha-kapila-dolly-singh-101691678087087.html|date=11 August 2023|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=6 September 2023|archive-date=6 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906090822/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/thank-you-for-coming-bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-kapil-kusha-kapila-dolly-singh-101691678087087.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Thank You For Coming: Bhumi Pednekar, Shehnaaz Gill redefine friendship in NEW poster ahead of trailer release|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/thank-you-for-coming-bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gill-redefine-friendship-in-new-poster-ahead-of-trailer-release-1241188|date=5 September 2023|work=Pinkvilla|access-date=6 September 2023|archive-date=6 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906020132/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/thank-you-for-coming-bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gill-redefine-friendship-in-new-poster-ahead-of-trailer-release-1241188|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Written by Radhika Anand and Prashasti Singh, the film stars [[Bhumi Pednekar]], [[Shehnaaz Gill]], Dolly Singh, [[Kusha Kapila]] and Shibani Bedi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Thank You For Coming trailer: Bhumi Pednekar's bold film on sex, orgasms and female bonding|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/thank-you-for-coming-trailer-bhumi-pednekar-bold-film-sex-orgasm-101693898858862.html|date=6 September 2023|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=6 September 2023|archive-date=6 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906092858/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/thank-you-for-coming-trailer-bhumi-pednekar-bold-film-sex-orgasm-101693898858862.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Thank You For Coming: Bhumi Pednekar, Shehnaaz Gill, Kusha Kapila, Dolly Singh, Karan Kundra unite for chick flick|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/thank-you-for-coming-bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gill-kusha-kapila-dolly-singh-unite-for-chick-flick-23302852|date=10 August 2023|work=Mid Day|access-date=6 September 2023|archive-date=6 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906092857/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/thank-you-for-coming-bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gill-kusha-kapila-dolly-singh-unite-for-chick-flick-23302852|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film premiered at the 48th [[2023 Toronto International Film Festival]] (TIFF) in the Gala Presentations section on 15 September 2023 and was theatrically released on 6 October 2023 to negative reviews from critics.&lt;ref name=&quot;RT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=THANK YOU FOR COMING (2023)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/thank_you_for_coming_2023|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=7 November 2023|archive-date=7 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107104744/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/thank_you_for_coming_2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Bhumi Pednekar and Shehnaaz Gill starrer Thank You For Coming to have its Gala World Premiere at Toronto International Film Festival 2023|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gill-starrer-thank-coming-gala-world-premiere-toronto-international-film-festival-2023/|date=10 August 2023|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=6 September 2023|archive-date=6 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906110226/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gill-starrer-thank-coming-gala-world-premiere-toronto-international-film-festival-2023/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Thank You For Coming: Bhumi Pednekar, Shehnaaz Gill's film to release on October 6|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/thank-you-for-coming-poster-rhea-kapoors-film-stars-bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gill-2419196-2023-08-10|date=10 August 2023|work=India Today|access-date=6 September 2023|archive-date=6 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906092858/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/bollywood/story/thank-you-for-coming-poster-rhea-kapoors-film-stars-bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gill-2419196-2023-08-10|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film failed at the box office.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NO ONE COMING For Thank You For Coming - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8067 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116064019/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8067 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The film follows Kanika Kapoor on a quest for love and sexual pleasure. Kanika, a 32-year-old single woman, lives with her mother, Dr. Bina Kapoor, and her grand mother, Kishori Kapoor. She has affairs with a college friend, a professor and later with Rahul. Despite trying hard she has never had an orgasm. After every break up and at her birthdays, when she is very depressed for being alone, she is cheered up by her best friends Pallavi Khanna and Tina Das.<br /> <br /> At her 32nd birthday she has a dream where she has died upon waking she has an epiphany and decides to marry Jeevan Anand, a businessman, who has been courting her for a long time however they have never been physical. Her mother and friends warn her about the shy and naive Jeevan Anand. But given her mother didn’t marry her father and raised her as a single mother, Kanika is terrified of being alone and facing society. Waking up next morning after her engagement ceremony, she has a vague recollection of having an orgasm the night before but she could not recall who it was. All three friends go to investigate who Kanika slept with.<br /> <br /> They visit Jeevan Anand and Professor, and later are called by Rahul who appears as a drag queen and tells Kanika that he was encouraged to be himself. While none of her old flings were with her the night before, her old rival schoolmate tells her that she saw, Karan, Pallavi's husband, leaving Kanika's room in hotel. Kanika is devastated and drives back with flashes of the night with Karan. She gets a call from Rabeya Das, Tina's daughter, (whom she earlier advised men are users and to wait to lose her virginity) Rabeya's boyfriend made a video of their sex and released it on the Internet with it going viral. Kanika has a minor accident after which she breaks her engagement off with Jeevan.<br /> <br /> As she arrives home, she is attacked by Pallavi who accuses Kanika of sleeping with her husband and Tina fights with Kanika for giving bad advice to her daughter Rabeya but is rescued and consoled by her mother and grandmother. After a long talk with her mother, Kanika recalls the night. Karan had tucked a drunken Kanika in bed and left, after which she masturbates and gets orgasm. She runs off to Rabeya's school where she is preparing for a public apology. Kanika get the mic and encourages women to not be ashamed of their sexual desires. Rabeya follows and refuses to apologise. Pallavi also realizes her mistake and all three friends make up.<br /> <br /> The movie ends with Kanika being single and happy.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Bhumi Pednekar]] as Kanika Kapoor<br /> * Dolly Singh as Pallavi Khanna<br /> * Shibani Bedi as Tina Das<br /> * [[Shehnaaz Gill]] as Rushi Kalra<br /> * [[Kusha Kapila]] as Neha alias &quot;The Queen&quot;<br /> * [[Natasha Rastogi]] as Dr. Bina Kapoor, Kanika's mother<br /> * [[Dolly Ahluwalia]] as Kishori Kapoor<br /> * [[Pradhuman Singh]] as Jeevan Anand<br /> * [[Karan Kundrra]] as Arjun Malhotra<br /> * Gautmik as Karan, Pallavi's husband<br /> * [[Sushant Divgikar]] as Rahul/Anjali<br /> * [[Saloni Daini]] as Rabeya Das, Tina's daughter<br /> * [[Anil Kapoor]] as an unnamed professor (special appearance)<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Thank You for Coming<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = QARAN, The Jamroom, Hanita Bhambri, [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]] and Aman Pant<br /> | released = 6 October 2023<br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 22:16<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | label = [[Saregama]]<br /> | misc = {{external music video<br /> | header = Official audio<br /> | {{YouTube|WN5C8OTUr5I|Thank You for Coming}}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The music of the film is composed by QARAN, The Jamroom, Hanita Bhambri, [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]] and Aman Pant while lyrics are written by QARAN, IP Singh, Siddhant Kaushal, [[Raajesh Johri]], Hanita Bhambri, [[Kumaar]] and Farmaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=6 October 2023 |title=Thank You for Coming (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/thank-you-for-coming-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1710713201 |publisher=Apple Music |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007182632/https://music.apple.com/us/album/thank-you-for-coming-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1710713201 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The song ''Pari Hoon Main'' is remake version of the famous [[Suneeta Rao]]'s song ''Paree Hoon Main'' from the album Dhuan (1991).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Thank You For Coming song Pari Hoon Main OUT: Bhumi Pednekar embraces her inner 'pariness' in recreated track|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/thank-you-for-coming-song-pari-hoon-main-out-bhumi-pednekar-embraces-her-inner-pariness-in-recreated-track-1247194|date=29 September 2023|work=Pinkvilla|access-date=6 October 2023|archive-date=7 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007182632/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/thank-you-for-coming-song-pari-hoon-main-out-bhumi-pednekar-embraces-her-inner-pariness-in-recreated-track-1247194|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | total_length = 22:16<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Desi Wine<br /> | extra1 = QARAN, [[Nikhita Gandhi]], The Rish, Arjun<br /> | lyrics1 = QARAN, IP Singh<br /> | music1 = QARAN<br /> | length1 = 2:51<br /> | title2 = Haanji<br /> | extra2 = QARAN, The Rish<br /> | lyrics2 = QARAN, Siddhant Kaushal<br /> | music2 = QARAN<br /> | length2 = 3:13<br /> | title3 = Pari Hoon Main<br /> | extra3 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], Sushant Divgikr<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Raajesh Johri]]<br /> | music3 = The Jamroom<br /> | length3 = 3:19<br /> | title4 = Pari Hoon Main<br /> | note4 = Jazz Version<br /> | extra4 = Devashree Manohar<br /> | lyrics4 = Raajesh Johri<br /> | music4 = Aman Pant<br /> | length4 = 1:41<br /> | title5 = Chehra 2.0<br /> | extra5 = Hanita Bhambri<br /> | lyrics5 = Hanita Bhambri<br /> | music5 = Hanita Bhambri<br /> | length5 = 4:07<br /> | title6 = Duniya Farzi<br /> | extra6 = Vishal Mishra, Nikhita Gandhi, Hansika Pareek<br /> | lyrics6 = [[Kumaar]]<br /> | music6 = [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]<br /> | length6 = 3:30<br /> | title7 = Nach Nach<br /> | extra7 = Aman Pant, Rashmeet Kaur<br /> | lyrics7 = Farmaan<br /> | music7 = Aman Pant<br /> | length7 = 3:05<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> The film premiered at the 48th [[2023 Toronto International Film Festival]] (TIFF) in the Gala Presentations section on 15 September 2023 and was theatrically released on 6 October 2023 to positive reviews from critics.&lt;ref name=&quot;RT&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; It released on the streaming platform, [[Netflix]] on 1 December 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-12-01 |title=Thank You for Coming drops on OTT: When and how to watch this urban feminist comedy-drama |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/thank-you-for-coming-drops-on-ott-when-and-how-to-watch-this-urban-feminist-comedy-drama/articleshow/105646840.cms |access-date=2023-12-01 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201111514/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/thank-you-for-coming-drops-on-ott-when-and-how-to-watch-this-urban-feminist-comedy-drama/articleshow/105646840.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Marketing ==<br /> [[File:Shibani Bedi, Dolly Singh, Bhumi Pednekar, Kusha Kapila and Shehnaaz Gill at the trailer launch of their film Thank You For Coming.jpg|thumb|right|Bedi, Singh, Pednekar, Kapila and Gill at the trailer launch of their film Thank You For Coming]]<br /> The marketing of the film involved a month long promotional tour with Pednekar, Gill, Singh, Bedi and Kapila that included many fan events and the [[2023 Toronto International Film Festival]] (TIFF).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/bhumi-pednekar-kusha-kapila-outfits-thank-you-for-coming-promotions-8938025/|title=Bhumi Pednekar, Kusha Kapila, and others serve fashion goals at Thank You For Coming movie promotions|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=13 September 2023|access-date=13 October 2023|archive-date=15 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015020439/https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/bhumi-pednekar-kusha-kapila-outfits-thank-you-for-coming-promotions-8938025/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Bhumi Pednekar and Shehnaaz Gill starrer Thank You For Coming to have its Gala World Premiere at Toronto International Film Festival 2023|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gill-starrer-thank-coming-gala-world-premiere-toronto-international-film-festival-2023/|date=10 August 2023|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=6 September 2023|archive-date=6 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906110226/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gill-starrer-thank-coming-gala-world-premiere-toronto-international-film-festival-2023/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ===Critical reception===<br /> ''Thank You for Coming'' received mixed reviews from critics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Thank You for Coming box office collection day 1: Bhumi Pednekar, Shehnaaz Gill's ensemble comedy starts slow, earns under Rs 1 crore |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/thank-you-for-coming-box-office-collection-day-1-bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gills-starts-slow-earns-under-rs-1-crore-8972051/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224164720/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/thank-you-for-coming-box-office-collection-day-1-bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gills-starts-slow-earns-under-rs-1-crore-8972051/ |archive-date=24 February 2025 |access-date=24 February 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |quote=Even after receiving positive reviews from film critics, director Karan Boolani ensemble comedy couldn’t crack the Rs 1 crore mark on day one of its release.}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=79|count=14|average=6.5|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=December 16, 2023}}<br /> <br /> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film 3/5 stars stating, &quot;Bhumi Pednekar film is a heartfelt slap in the face of the zillions of movies that are about privileged boys and their putrid toys&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/thank-you-for-coming-movie-review-bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gill-8970714/|title=Thank You For Coming movie review: Bhumi Pednekar film revels in its joyous silliness|work=[[India Today]]|date=6 October 2023 |access-date=7 October 2023|archive-date=7 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007024325/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/thank-you-for-coming-movie-review-bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gill-8970714/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Marya E. Gates of ''[[Indie Wire]]'' gave the film a B− stating, &quot;Anand and Singh’s script tries to tackle too many thematic issues, ultimately short-changing most of them. However, it’s hard to deny Pednekar’s irrepressible charm.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/thank-you-for-coming-review-1234903879/|title='Thank You for Coming' Review: Hindi Sex Comedy Finds the Elusive Female Orgasm in a Coming-of-Age Tale|work=[[Indie Wire]]|date=12 September 2023|access-date=7 October 2023|archive-date=4 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004081104/https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/thank-you-for-coming-review-1234903879/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In a more positive review, Meera Navlakha of ''[[Mashable]]'' stated, &quot;If its purpose is to serve as a feminist romp for modern India, it succeeded – and executed with fun. This is a welcome addition to the genre, reinforcing that female stories deserve to be told with humor, light and meaning&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mashable.com/article/thank-you-for-coming-review|title='Thank You For Coming' review: An empowering and raunchy feminist comedy|work=[[Mashable]]|date=15 September 2023|access-date=7 October 2023|archive-date=8 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008112953/https://mashable.com/article/thank-you-for-coming-review|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Box office===<br /> ''Thank You for Coming'' had an opening day gross of {{INR|0.8}} crore with an average occupency of 67.52%. The film witnessed a 44% growth gross on day two, grossing {{INR|1.15}} crore but continuously showed decline since.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}} <br /> <br /> As of 29 November 2023, ''Thank You for Coming'' grossed {{INR|8.73}} crore in India and {{INR|0.91}} crore overseas for a worldwide gross of {{INR|9.64}} crore.&lt;ref name=&quot;Thank You For Coming Box Office&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/thank-you-for-coming/box-office/|title=Thank You For Coming Box Office|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=6 October 2023|access-date=7 October 2023|archive-date=6 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006042315/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/thank-you-for-coming/box-office/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|23036080}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes | thank_you_for_coming_2023 }}<br /> * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|thank-you-for-coming}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2023 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 films]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asian_Highway_Network&diff=461039 2026-03-25T11:13:23Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|International road network connecting Asia and parts of Europe}}<br /> [[Image:Asian Highways.png|thumb|Map of the highways]]<br /> [[Image:Asian highway 2 Ratchaburi.jpg|thumb|Asian Highway 2 sign near [[Ratchaburi]], Thailand]]<br /> [[File:North-South Highway in Butterworth, Penang.jpg|thumb|A section of [[Malaysia]]'s [[North–South Expressway (Malaysia)|North-South Expressway]] in [[Penang]]. Note the [[AH2|Asian Highway 2]] signage.]]<br /> [[File:AH6-RUS.svg|thumb|right|Asian Highway route sign used on the [[AH6 (highway)|AH6]]]]<br /> <br /> The '''Asian Highway Network''' ('''AH'''), also known as the '''Great Asian Highway''', is a cooperative [[project]] among countries in Asia and the [[United Nations]] [[Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]] (ESCAP) to improve their connectivity via [[highway]] systems. It is one of the three pillars of the Asian Land Transport Infrastructure Development (ALTID) project, endorsed by the ESCAP commission at its 48th session in 1992, comprising Asian Highway, [[Trans-Asian Railway]] (TAR) and facilitation of land transport projects.<br /> <br /> Agreements have been signed by 32 countries to allow the highway to cross the continent and also reach to Europe. Some of the countries taking part in the highway project are [[India]] ([[Act East policy]]), [[Sri Lanka]], [[Pakistan]], [[China]], [[Iran]], [[Japan]], [[South Korea]], [[NEPAL|Nepal]] and [[Bangladesh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kamat&quot; /&gt; Most of the funding comes from the larger, more advanced Asian nations such as [[China]], [[South Korea]] and [[Singapore]] as well as international agencies such as the [[Asian Development Bank]] (ADB) and the [[Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank]] (AIIB).<br /> <br /> The project aims to make maximum use of the continent's existing highways to avoid the construction of newer ones, except in cases where missing routes necessitate their construction. ''Project Monitor'', an Asian infrastructure news website, has commented that &quot;early beneficiaries of the Asian Highway project are the planners within the national land transport department of the participating countries [since] it assists them in planning the most cost-effective and efficient routes to promote domestic and international trade. Non-coastal areas, which are often negligible, are the other beneficiaries.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kamat&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> However, in the mid-2000s some transportation experts were skeptical about the viability of the project given the economic and political climate in both South and Southeast Asia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kamat&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The AH project was initiated by the [[United Nations]] in 1959 with the aim of promoting the development of international road transport in the region. During the first phase of the project (1960–1970) considerable progress was achieved, however, progress slowed down when financial assistance was suspended in 1975.<br /> <br /> ESCAP has conducted several projects in cooperation with AH member countries step by step after the endorsement of ALTID in 1992.<br /> <br /> The Intergovernmental Agreement on the Asian Highway Network (IGA) was adopted on February 28, 1997, by the Intergovernmental Meeting; 37000 kilometers,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.doh.go.th/content/page/page/8103|title=กรมทางหลวง|website=www.doh.go.th}}&lt;/ref&gt; and was adopted on November 18, 2003, by the Intergovernmental Meeting; the IGA includes Annex I, which identifies 55 AH routes among 32 member countries totalling approximately 140,000&amp;nbsp;km (87,500 miles), and Annex II &quot;Classification and Design Standards&quot;. During the 60th session of the ESCAP Commission at [[Shanghai, China]], in April 2004, the IGA treaty was signed by 23 countries. By 2013, 29 countries had ratified the agreement.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DXI-B-34%26chapter%3D11%26lang%3Den |title=UNTC |access-date=2013-05-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528133123/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XI-B-34&amp;chapter=11&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2014-05-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2007, British drivers [[Richard Meredith (author)|Richard Meredith]] and Phil Colley completed the first full East to West journey of the entire highway in an [[Aston Martin]] Vantage which was later sold to raise money for [[UNICEF]]. The drive was a marketing stunt promoted by the car manufacturer.&lt;ref&gt;''Milton Keynes Citizen'' 2008-11-03 &quot;Aston adventure&quot; Page 2&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Implications==<br /> The advanced highway network would provide for greater trade and social interactions between Asian countries, including personal contacts, project capitalizations, connections of major [[container terminal]]s with transportation points, and promotion of [[tourism]] via the new roadways.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kamat&quot;&gt;Kamat, Rahul [http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=8609 The Great Asian Highway] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117233246/http://projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=8609 |date=2010-01-17 }}, Project Monitor website, 31 January 2005. Retrieved 2009-05-05&lt;/ref&gt; Infrastructure consultant Om Prakash noted that, &quot;It's an excellent step taken by [[ESCAP]] to gather all the Asian countries under one crown but the problem with this project is political disputes between some countries, notably [[Pakistan]] and [[Myanmar]], which is delaying the project.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kamat&quot; /&gt;{{dubious|date=October 2019}}<br /> <br /> ==Future development plans==<br /> Route AH1 is proposed to extend from [[Tokyo]] to the border with [[Bulgaria]] ([[EU]]) west of [[Istanbul]] and [[Edirne]], passing through both [[Korea]]s, China and other countries in Southeast, Central and [[South Asia]]. The corridor is expected to improve trade links between East Asian countries, [[India]] and [[Russia]]. To complete the route, existing roads will be upgraded and new roads constructed to link the network. {{US$|25 billion|link=yes}} has been spent or committed {{as of|2007|post=,}} with additional US$18 billion needed for upgrades and improvements to {{convert|26000|km|abbr=off}} of highway.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/common/tis/ah/priority_investment.asp#profiles &quot;Priority Investment Needs for the Development for the Asian Highway Network&quot;] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070720201050/http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/common/tis/ah/priority_investment.asp#profiles |date=July 20, 2007 }}, accessed July 14, 2007&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Numbering and signage==<br /> The project new highway route numbers begin with &quot;AH&quot;, standing for ''&quot;Asian Highway&quot;'', followed by one, two or three digits.&lt;ref name=&quot;TCIGU&quot; /&gt; Single-digit route numbers from 1 to 9 are assigned to major Asian Highway routes which cross more than one subregion.&lt;ref name=&quot;TCIGU&quot; /&gt; Two- and three-digit route numbers are assigned to indicate the routes within subregions, including those connecting to neighbouring subregions, and self-contained highway routes within the participating countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;TCIGU&quot;&gt;[http://www.geog.nau.edu/igust/China2005/other.html Newswire] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112023332/http://www.geog.nau.edu/igust/China2005/other.html |date=January 12, 2010 }}, Tourism Commission of the International Geographical Union website. Retrieved 2009-05-05;&lt;/ref&gt; Route numbers are printed in the [[Latin script]] and [[Hindu–Arabic numeral system|Hindu-Arabic numerals]] and may simply be added to existing signage, like the [[International E-road network|E-road network]].&lt;ref name=&quot;TCIGU&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The actual design of the signs has not been standardized, only that the letters and digits are in white or black, but the color, shape and size of the sign being completely flexible. Most examples feature a blue rectangular shield with a white inscription (similar to German [[Autobahn]] signage) with further examples of white on green and black on white rectangular shields.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kamat&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TCIGU&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AsiaTimes&quot;&gt;McCartan, Brian [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509061154/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/JA23Ae01.html Roadblocks on the Great Asian Highway], Asia Times website, 23 January 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-05;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Routes==<br /> ===AH1 to AH9: Continent-Wide Routes===<br /> ** East-West, from S to N: 2, 1 intermixed, 5, 9, 6.<br /> ** North-South, from E to W: 1 (along East China), 3, 4, 7, 8.<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH1.svg|35px|link=AH1]] – {{convert|20557|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Tokyo, [[Japan]] – Bulgarian border, [[Turkey]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/RecentTexts/XI_B_34_E.pdf|title=INTERGOVERNMENTAL AGREEMENT ON THE ASIAN HIGHWAY NETWORK}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bulgaria]] – [[Kapıkule]] – [[Istanbul]] – [[Gerede]] – [[Ankara]] – [[Sivas]] – [[Refahiye]] – [[Aşkale]] – [[Doğubayazıt]] – [[Gürbulak]] – [[Bazargan, Iran|Bazargan]] – [[Ivughli]] – [[Tabriz]] – [[Qazvin]] – [[Tehran]] – [[Semnan, Iran|Semnan]] – [[Damghan]] – [[Sabzevar]] – [[Nishapur|Neishabour]]-[[Mashhad]] – [[Dowqarun]] –[[Islam Qala]] – [[Herat]] – [[Delaram]] – [[Kandahar]] – [[Kabul]] – [[Torkham border crossing|Torkham]] –[[Peshawar]] – [[Hassan Abdal]] – [[Rawalpindi]] – [[Islamabad]] – [[Lahore]] – [[Wagah]] – [[Attari]] – [[New Delhi]] – [[Agra]] – [[Kanpur]] – [[Varanasi]] – [[Sasaram]] –[[Gaya (India)|Gaya]]–[[Dhanbad]]– [[Kolkata]] – [[Petrapole]] – [[Benapole]] – [[Jessore|Jashore]] – [[Dhaka]] – [[Kachpur Union|Kachpur]] – [[Sylhet]] – [[Tamabil, Sylhet|Tamabil]] – [[Dawki]] – [[Shillong]] – [[Jorabat]] – [[Guwahati]] – [[Nagaon]] – [[Dimapur]] – [[Chümoukedima]] – [[Kohima]] – [[Viswema]] – [[Imphal]] – [[Moreh, India|Moreh]] – [[Tamu, Myanmar|Tamu]] – [[Mandalay]] – [[Meiktila]] – [[Payagyi]] – [[Yangon]] – [[Myawaddy]] – [[Mae Sot]] – [[Tak, Thailand|Tak]] – [[Nakhon Sawan]] – [[Bang Pa-in]] – [[Bangkok]] – [[Hin Kong]] – [[Kabin Buri]] – [[Aranyaprathet]] – [[Poipet]] – [[Phnom Penh]] – [[Bavet Municipality|Bavet]] – [[Mộc Bài]] – [[Ho Chi Minh City]] – [[Biên Hòa]] – [[Vũng Tàu]] – [[Nha Trang]] – [[Hội An]] – [[Da Nang]] – [[Huế]] – [[Đông Hà]] – [[Vinh]] – [[Hanoi]] – [[Đồng Đăng]] – [[Friendship Pass|Hữu Nghị]] –[[Friendship Pass|Youyiguan]] – [[Nanning]] – [[Guangzhou]] – [[Shenzhen]] – [[Hong Kong]] – [[Xiangtan]] – [[Changsha]] – [[Wuhan]] – [[Xinyang]] – [[Zhengzhou]] – [[Shijiazhuang]] – [[Beijing]] – [[Shenyang]] – [[Dandong]] – [[Sinuiju]] – [[Pyongyang]] – [[Kaesong]] – [[Munsan]] – [[Seoul]] – [[Daejeon]] – [[Daegu]] – [[Gyeongju]] – [[Busan]] – [[Fukuoka]] – [[Tokyo]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH2.svg|35px|link=AH2]] – {{convert|13177|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Denpasar, [[Indonesia]] – Khosravi, [[Iran]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Iran}} [[Khosravi, Kermanshah|Khosravi]] – [[Hamadan]] – [[Saveh]] – [[Salafchegan]] (– [[Tehran]]) – [[Yazd]] – [[Anar, Iran|Anar]] – [[Kerman]] – [[Zahedan]] – [[Mirjaveh]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Pakistan}} [[Taftan, Balochistan|Taftan]] – [[Quetta]] – [[Rohri]] – [[Multan]] – [[Lahore]] – [[Wagah]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|India}} [[Attari]] – [[New Delhi]] – [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]] – [[Banbasa]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Nepal}} [[Bramhadev Mandi]] – [[Mahendranagar, Mahakali|Mahendranagar]] – [[Kohalpur]] – [[Narayangarh, Chitwan|Narayangarh]] – [[Pathlaiya]] – [[Kakarbhitta]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|India}} [[Siliguri]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Bangladesh}} [[Banglabandha]]– [[Rangpur, Bangladesh|Rangpur]]– [[Hatikumrul Interchange|Hatikumrul]] – [[Dhaka]] – [[Kachpur Union|Kachpur]] – [[Sylhet]] – [[Tamabil]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|India}} [[Dawki]] – [[Shillong]] – [[Jorabat]] (– [[Guwahati]]) – [[Nagaon]] – [[Dimapur]] – [[Chümoukedima]] – [[Kohima]] – [[Viswema]] – [[Imphal]] – [[Moreh, India|Moreh]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Myanmar}} [[Tamu, Burma|Tamu]] – [[Mandalay]] – [[Meiktila]] – [[Kengtung]] – [[Tachilek]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Thailand}} [[Mae Sai]] – [[Chiang Rai]] – [[Tak (town)|Tak]] – [[Nakhon Sawan]] – [[Bang Pa-in District|Bang Pa-in]] – [[Bangkok]] – [[Hat Yai]] – [[Sadao District|Sadao]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Malaysia}} [[Bukit Kayu Hitam]] – [[Butterworth, Penang|Butterworth]] – [[Kuala Lumpur]] – [[Seremban]] – [[Johor Bahru]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Singapore}} [[Singapore]] – [[Singapore]]<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Indonesia}} [[Jakarta]] (– [[Merak, Banten|Merak]]) – [[Cikampek]] (– [[Bandung]]) – [[Semarang]] – [[Surakarta]] – [[Surabaya]] – [[Denpasar]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH3.svg|35px|link=AH3]] – {{convert|7331|km|mi|abbr=on}}: <br /> ** Northern section: Ulan-Ude, [[Russia]] – Tanggu, [[China]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> *** {{flagg|cxxlo|Russia}} [[Ulan-Ude]] – [[Kyakhta]] –<br /> *** {{flagg|cxxlo|Mongolia}} [[Altanbulag, Selenge|Altanbulag]] – [[Darkhan (city)|Darkhan]] – [[Ulaanbaatar]] – [[Nalaikh]] – [[Choir, Mongolia|Choir]] – [[Sainshand]] – [[Zamyn-Üüd]] –<br /> *** {{flagg|cxxlo|China}} [[Erenhot]] – [[Beijing]] – [[Tanggu]]<br /> ** Southern section: Shanghai, [[China]] – Chiang Rai, [[Thailand]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> *** {{flagg|cxxlo|China}} [[Shanghai]] – [[Hangzhou]] – [[Nanchang]] – [[Xiangtan]] – [[Guiyang]] – [[Kunming]] – [[Jinghong]] (– [[Daluo]] – {{flagg|cxxlo|Myanmar}} [[Mong La]] – [[Keng Tung]]) – [[Mohan, Yunnan]] –<br /> *** {{flagg|cxxlo|Laos}} [[Boten]] – [[Nateuy]] – [[Houayxay]] –<br /> *** {{flagg|cxxlo|Thailand}} [[Chiang Khong]] – [[Chiang Rai]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH4.svg|35px|link=AH4]] – {{convert|6024|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Novosibirsk, [[Russia]] – Karachi, [[Pakistan]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Russia}} [[Novosibirsk]] – [[Barnaul]] – [[Tashanta]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Mongolia}} [[Ulaanbaishint]] – [[Ölgii (city)|Ölgii]] – [[Khovd (city)|Khovd]] – [[Yarantai]]<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|China}} [[Ürümqi]] – [[Kashgar]] – [[Honqiraf]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Pakistan}} [[Khunjerab Pass|Khunjerab]] – [[Hassanabdal]] – [[Rawalpindi]] – [[Islamabad]] – [[Lahore]] – [[Multan]] – [[Rohri]] – [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]] – [[Karachi]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH5.svg|35px|link=AH5]] – {{convert|10380|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Shanghai, [[China]] – Bulgarian border, [[Turkey]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmendedTreaty&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/AH%20Agreement%20with%20Amended%20Annex%20I-%202020_EN.pdf|title=Asian Highway Agreement with Amended Annex-I 2020|publisher=UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific|access-date=2021-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> **{{flagg|cxxlo|Turkey}} Border of [[Bulgaria]] – [[Kapikule]] – [[Istanbul]] – [[Gerede]] – [[Merzifon]] – [[Samsun]] – [[Trabzon]] – [[Sarp]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Georgia}} [[Batumi]] – [[Poti]] – [[Senaki]] – (Port of [[Anaklia]] – [[Zugdidi]] bypass road – [[Samtredia]]) [[Khashuri]] – [[Mtskheta]] – [[Tbilisi]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Azerbaijan}} [[Red Bridge (border)|Red Bridge]] – [[Qazax]] – [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] – [[Gazi Mammed]] – [[Ələt|Alat]] – [[Baku]] ...<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Turkmenistan}} [[Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan|Turkmenbashi]] – [[Serdar (city)|Serdar]] – [[Ashgabat]] – [[Tejen]] – [[Mary, Turkmenistan|Mary]] – [[Turkmenabat]] – [[Farap]] –<br /> **{{flagg|cxxlo|Uzbekistan}} [[Olot, Uzbekistan|Olot]] – [[Bukhara]] – [[Navoi]] – [[Samarkand]] – [[Syrdaria]] – [[Tashkent]] – [[Chernyavka]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Kazakhstan}} [[Chernyaevka]] – [[Shymkent]] – [[Merki]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Kyrgyzstan}} [[Chaldovar]] – [[Kara Balta]] – [[Bishkek]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Kazakhstan}} [[Kordai]] – [[Kaskelen]] – [[Almaty]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|China}} [[Khorgas]] – [[Jinghe County|Jinghe]] – [[Kuytun]] – [[Ürümqi]] – [[Turpan]] – [[Lanzhou]] – [[Xi'an]] – [[Xinyang]] – [[Nanjing]] – [[Shanghai]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH6.svg|35px|link=AH6 (highway)]] – {{convert|10475|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Busan, [[South Korea]] – Belarusian border, [[Russia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Russia}} Border of [[Belarus]] – [[Krasnoye, Krasninsky District, Smolensk Oblast|Krasnoye]] – [[Moscow]] – [[Samara]] – [[Ufa]] – [[Chelyabinsk]] – [[Petukhovo (town), Kurgan Oblast|Petukhovo]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Kazakhstan}} [[Chistoe]] – [[Petropavl]] – [[Karakoga]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Russia}} [[Isilkul]] – [[Omsk]] – [[Novosibirsk]] – [[Krasnoyarsk]] – [[Irkutsk]] – [[Ulan-Ude]] – [[Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai|Chita]] – [[Zabaykalsk]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|China}} [[Manzhouli]] – [[Qiqihar]] – [[Harbin]] – [[Suifenhe]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Russia}} [[Pogranichny]] – [[Ussuriysk]] – [[Razdolnoye, Primorsky Krai|Razdolnoye]] (– [[Vladivostok]] – [[Nahodka]]) – [[Khasan (urban-type settlement)|Khasan]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|North Korea}} [[Sonbong]] – [[Chongjin]] – [[Wonsan]] (– [[Pyongyang]]) –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|South Korea}} [[Goseong County, Gangwon|Goseong]] – [[Ganseong]] – [[Gangneung]] – [[Gyeongju]] – [[Busan]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH7.svg|35px|link=AH7]] – {{convert|5868|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Yekaterinburg, [[Russia]] – Karachi, [[Pakistan]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Russia}} [[Yekaterinburg]] – [[Chelyabinsk]] – [[Troisk]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Kazakhstan}} [[Kaerak]] – [[Kostanai]] – [[Astana]] – [[Karaganda]] – [[Burubaital]] – [[Merke]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Kyrgyzstan}} [[Chaldovar]] – [[Kara-Balta]] – [[Osh]] {{flagg|cxxlo|Kyrgyzstan}}–<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Uzbekistan}} [[Andijon]] – [[Tashkent]] – [[Syrdaria]] – [[Khavast]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Tajikistan}} [[Khujand]] – [[Dushanbe]] – [[Nizhniy Panj]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Afghanistan}} [[Shirkhan]] – [[Pol-e Khomri]] – [[Jabal Saraj]] – [[Kabul]] – [[Kandahar]] – [[Spin Boldak]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Pakistan}} [[Chaman]] – [[Quetta]] – [[Kalat, Pakistan|Kalat]] – [[Karachi]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH8.svg|35px|link=AH8]] – {{convert|4907|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Finnish border, [[Russia]] – Bandar Emam, [[Iran]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Russia}} Border of [[Finland]] – [[Torfyanovka]] – [[Vyborg]] – [[St. Petersburg]] – [[Moscow]] – [[Tambov]] – [[Borisoglebsk]] – [[Volgograd]] – [[Astrakhan]] – [[Khasavyurt]] – [[Mahachkala]] – [[Kazmalyarskiy]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Azerbaijan}} [[Samur, Azerbaijan|Samur]] – [[Sumgayit]] – [[Baku]] – [[Ələt|Alat]] – [[Bilasuvar]] – [[Astara, Azerbaijan|Astara]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Iran}} [[Rasht]] – [[Qazvin]] – [[Tehran]] – [[Saveh]] – [[Ahvaz]] – [[Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH9.svg|35px|link=AH9]] – 9,222&amp;nbsp;km (5,730&amp;nbsp;mi){{Citation needed|date=April 2021}}: St. Petersburg, [[Russia]] – Lianyungang, [[China]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmendedTreaty&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Asian Highway Network |url=https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/2021-01/Map_AH_24Dec_Digital_Full.pdf |website=[[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119045153/https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/2021-01/Map_AH_24Dec_Digital_Full.pdf |archive-date=2023-01-19 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Russia}} [[St. Petersburg]] – [[Moscow]] – [[Ulyanovsk]] – [[Toliatti]] – [[Samara]] – [[Orenburg]] – [[Sagarchin]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Kazakhstan}} [[Zhaisan]] – [[Aktobe]] – [[Kyzylorda]] – [[Shymkent]] – [[Taraz]] – [[Almaty]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|China}} [[Khorgas]] – [[Urumqi]] – [[Lianyungang]]<br /> <br /> ===AH10 to AH29: Southeast Asia Routes===<br /> <br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH11.svg|35px|link=AH11]] – {{convert|1588|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Vientiane, [[Laos]] – Sihanoukville, [[Cambodia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Laos}} [[Vientiane]] – [[Ban Lao]] – [[Thakhek]] – [[Seno, Laos|Seno]] – [[Pakse]] – [[Veunkham]] – [[Tranpeangkreal]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Cambodia}} [[Stung Treng]] – [[Kratié (town)|Kratie]] – [[Phnom Penh]] – [[Sihanoukville (city)|Sihanoukville]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH12.svg|35px|link=AH12]] – {{convert|1195|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Nateuy, [[Laos]] – Hin Kong, [[Thailand]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> **{{flagg|cxxlo|Laos}} [[Nateuy]] – [[Oudomxai]] – [[Pakmong]] – [[Louang Phrabang]] – [[Vientiane]] – [[Thanaleng]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Thailand}} [[Nong Khai]] – [[Udon Thani]] – [[Khon Kaen]] – [[Nakhon Ratchasima]] – [[Hin Kong]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH13.svg|35px|link=AH13]] – {{convert|1429|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Hanoi, [[Vietnam]] – Nakhon Sawen, [[Thailand]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Vietnam}} [[Hanoi]] – [[Hòa Bình City|Hoa Binh]] – [[Son La]] – [[Dien Bien]] – [[Tây Trang]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Laos}} [[Pang Hok]] – [[Muang Khoua]] – [[Oudomxai]] – [[Muang Ngeun]] –<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Thailand}} [[Huai Kon]] – [[Uttaradit]] – [[Phitsanulok]] – [[Nakhon Sawan]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH14.svg|35px|link=AH14]] – {{convert|2077|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Hai Phong, [[Vietnam]] – Mandalay, [[Myanmar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Vietnam}} [[Hai Phong]] – [[Hanoi]] – [[Viet Tri]] – [[Lao Cai]] – <br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|China}} [[Hekou Yao Autonomous County|Hekou]] – [[Kunming]] – [[Ruili]] – <br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Myanmar}} [[Muse, Myanmar|Muse]] – [[Lashio]] – [[Mandalay]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH15.svg|35px|link=AH15]] – {{convert|566|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Vinh, [[Vietnam]] – Udon Thani, [[Thailand]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Vietnam}} [[Vinh]] – [[Cau Treo]] – <br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Laos}} [[Keoneau]] – [[Ban Lao]] – [[Thakhek]] – <br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Thailand}} [[Nakhon Phanom]] – [[Udon Thani]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH16.svg|35px|link=AH16]] – {{convert|1032|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Đông Hà, [[Vietnam]] – Tak, [[Thailand]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Vietnam}} [[Đông Hà]] – [[Lao Bao]] – <br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Laos}} [[Densavanh]] – [[Seno, Laos|Seno]] – [[Savannakhet]] – <br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Thailand}} [[Mukdahan]] – [[Khon Kaen]] – [[Phitsanulok]] – [[Tak (town)|Tak]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH17.svg|35px|link=AH17]] – {{convert|980|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Đà Nẵng, [[Vietnam]] – Vũng Tàu, [[Vietnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ASEANMap&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=ASEAN logistics network map.|date=2009|publisher=JETRO|others=Nihon Bōeki Shinkōkai.|isbn=978-4822410681|edition=2nd|location=Tokyo|oclc=434492237}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ASEANPlan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Master plan on ASEAN connectivity.|date=December 2010|url=http://www.asean.org/storage/images/ASEAN_RTK_2014/4_Master_Plan_on_ASEAN_Connectivity.pdf|access-date=2018-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706183008/http://www.asean.org/storage/images/ASEAN_RTK_2014/4_Master_Plan_on_ASEAN_Connectivity.pdf|archive-date=2017-07-06|publisher=[ASEAN Secretariat, Public Outreach and Civil Society Division]|others=ASEAN. Public Outreach and Civil Society Division.|isbn=9786028411622|location=[Jakarta, Indonesia]|oclc=775662227|page=12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Vietnam}} [[Đà Nẵng]] – [[Kon Tum]] – [[Pleiku]] – [[Ho Chi Minh]] – [[Vũng Tàu]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH18.svg|35px|link=AH18]] – {{convert|1042|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Hat Yai, [[Thailand]] – Johor Bahru Causeway, [[Malaysia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Thailand}} [[Hat Yai]] – [[Sungai Kolok]] – <br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Malaysia}} [[Rantau Panjang]] – [[Kota Bahru]] – [[Kuantan]] – [[Johor Bahru]] – [[Johor Bahru Causeway]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH19.svg|35px|link=AH19]] – {{convert|459|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Nakhon Ratchasima, [[Thailand]] – Bangkok, [[Thailand]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Thailand}} [[Nakhon Ratchasima]] – [[Kabin Buri]] – [[Laem Chabang]] – [[Chonburi]] – [[Bangkok]]<br /> * [[AH21]] – length unknown: Qui Nhơn, [[Vietnam]] – Serei Saophoan, [[Cambodia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmendedTreaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Vietnam}} [[Quy Nhon]] port – [[Pleiku]] – [[Le Thanh]] – <br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Cambodia}} [[O Yadav]] – [[Banlung]] – [[Stung Treng]] – [[Preah Vihear (town)|Preah Vihear]] – [[Siem Reap]] – [[Serei Saophoan (city)|Serei Saophoan]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH25.svg|35px|link=AH25]] [[Trans-Sumatran Highway]] (Eastern Route) – {{convert|2549|km|mi|abbr=on}}: Banda Aceh, [[Indonesia]] – Merak, [[Indonesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Indonesia}} [[Banda Aceh]] – [[Medan]] – [[Tebingtinggi]] – [[Dumai]] – [[Pekanbaru]] – [[Jambi]] – [[Palembang]] – [[Tanjung Karang, Lampung|Tanjung Karang]] – [[Bakauheni]] ... [[Merak, Banten|Merak]]<br /> * [[File:Tabliczka AH26.svg|35px|link=AH26]] [[Pan-Philippine Highway]] – {{convert|3379.73|km|mi|abbr=on}}:&lt;ref name=&quot;slides&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Philippines_0.pdf|title=Asian Highway 26 (AH26)|publisher=Department of Public Works and Highways|first=Maria Catalina|last=Cabral|website=ESCAP|access-date=September 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laoag, [[Philippines]] – Zamboanga, [[Philippines]]&lt;ref name=&quot;treaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> ** {{flagg|cxxlo|Philippines}} [[Laoag]] – [[Tuguegarao]] – [[Guiguinto]] – [[Quezon City]] (– [[Manila]] – [[Makati]]) – Makati – [[Calamba, Laguna|Calamba]] – [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi]] – [[Matnog]] ... [[Allen, Northern Samar|Allen]] – [[Tacloban]] (– [[Ormoc City]] ... [[Cebu City]]) – [[Liloan, Southern Leyte|Liloan]] ... [[Surigao City|Surigao]] – [[Butuan]] – [[Davao City|Davao]] (– [[Cagayan de Oro]]) – [[General Santos]] – [[Cotabato City]] – [[Zamboanga City|Zamboanga]]<br /> <br /> ===AH30 to AH39: East Asia and Northeast Asia Routes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;<br /> !Route No.<br /> !Distance<br /> !Start<br /> !End<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH30]]<br /> |2,739&amp;nbsp;km (1712 miles)<br /> |[[Ussuriysk]], [[Russia]] <br /> |[[Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai|Chita]], [[Russia]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH31]]<br /> |1,595&amp;nbsp;km (997 miles)<br /> |[[Belogorsk, Amur Oblast|Belogorsk]], [[Russia]]<br /> |[[Dalian]], [[China]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH32]]<br /> |3,748&amp;nbsp;km (2342.5 miles)<br /> |[[Sonbong]], [[North Korea]] <br /> |[[Khovd (city)|Khovd]], [[Mongolia]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[G1011 Harbin–Tongjiang Expressway|AH33]]<br /> |575&amp;nbsp;km (359 miles)<br /> |[[Harbin]], [[China]]<br /> |[[Tongjiang, Heilongjiang|Tongjiang]], [[China]]<br /> |Also known as G1011<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH34]]<br /> |1,033&amp;nbsp;km (646 miles)<br /> |[[Lianyungang]], [[China]]<br /> |[[Xi'an]], [[China]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH35]]<br /> |1,305&amp;nbsp;km (811 miles)<br /> |[[Undurkhaan]], [[Mongolia]]<br /> |[[Jinzhou]], [[China]]<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===AH40 to AH59: South Asian Routes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;<br /> !Route No.<br /> !Distance<br /> !Start<br /> !End<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH41]]<br /> |948&amp;nbsp;km (592.5 miles)<br /> |[[Teknaf]], [[Bangladesh]] <br /> |[[Port of Mongla|Mongla]], [[Bangladesh]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH42]]<br /> |3,754&amp;nbsp;km (2346 miles)<br /> |[[Lanzhou]], [[China]] <br /> |[[Barhi, Hazaribagh|Barhi]], [[India]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH43]]<br /> |3,024&amp;nbsp;km (1892 miles)<br /> |[[Agra]], [[India]] <br /> |[[Matara, Sri Lanka|Matara]], [[Sri Lanka]] (Via) [[Rameswaram]], [[Tamil Nadu|TN]], [[India|IN]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH44]](A6)<br /> |107&amp;nbsp;km (67 miles)<br /> |[[Dambulla]], [[Sri Lanka]] <br /> |[[Trincomalee]], [[Sri Lanka]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH45]]<br /> |2,030&amp;nbsp;km (1269 miles)<br /> |[[Kolkata]], [[India]] <br /> |[[Krishnagiri]], [[Tamil Nadu|TN]], [[India|IN]] (Via) [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu|TN]], [[India]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH46]]<br /> |1,967&amp;nbsp;km (1,222 miles)<br /> |[[Hazira port]], [[Surat]], [[India]]<br /> |[[Howrah]], [[India]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH47]]<br /> |2,057&amp;nbsp;km (1286 miles)<br /> |[[Gwalior]], [[India]] <br /> |[[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]] <br /> |-<br /> |[[AH48]]<br /> |276&amp;nbsp;km (171 miles)<br /> |[[Thimphu]], [[Bhutan]] <br /> |[[Changrabandha]], [[India]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH51]]<br /> |825&amp;nbsp;km (513 miles)<br /> |[[Peshawar]], [[Pakistan]]<br /> |[[Quetta]], [[Pakistan]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===AH60 to AH89: North Asia, Central Asia and Southwest Asia Routes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;<br /> !Route No.<br /> !Distance<br /> !Start<br /> !End<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH60]]<br /> |2,151&amp;nbsp;km (1344 miles)<br /> |[[Omsk]], [[Russia]] (on AH6)<br /> |[[Burubaital]], [[Kazakhstan]] (on AH7)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH61]]<br /> |4,158&amp;nbsp;km (2599 miles)<br /> |[[Kashgar]], [[China]] (on AH4/AH65)<br /> |border between [[Russia]] and [[Ukraine]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH62]]<br /> |2,722&amp;nbsp;km (1701 miles)<br /> |[[Petropavl]], [[Kazakhstan]] (on AH6/AH64)<br /> |[[Mazari Sharif]], [[Afghanistan]] (on AH76)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH63]]<br /> |2,434&amp;nbsp;km (1521 miles)<br /> |[[Samara, Russia|Samara]], [[Russia]] (on AH6)<br /> |[[Guzar]], [[Uzbekistan]] (on AH62)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH64 (highway)|AH64]]<br /> |1,666&amp;nbsp;km (1041 miles)<br /> |[[Petropavl]], Kazakhstan (on AH6/AH62)<br /> |[[Barnaul]], [[Russia]] (on AH4)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH65]]<br /> |1,250&amp;nbsp;km (781 miles)<br /> |[[Kashgar]], China (on AH4/AH61)<br /> |[[Termez]], [[Uzbekistan]] (on AH62)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH66]]<br /> |995&amp;nbsp;km (622 miles)<br /> |border between [[China]] and [[Tajikistan]]<br /> |[[Termez]], [[Uzbekistan]] (on AH62)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH67]]<br /> |2,288&amp;nbsp;km (1430 miles)<br /> |[[Kuytun|Kuitun]], China (on AH5)<br /> |[[Zhezkazgan]], [[Kazakhstan]] (on AH62)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH68]]<br /> |278&amp;nbsp;km (174 miles)<br /> |[[Jinghe County|Jinghe]], [[China]] (on AH5)<br /> |[[Ucharal]], [[Kazakhstan]] (on AH60)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH70]]<br /> |4,832&amp;nbsp;km (3020 miles)<br /> |border between [[Ukraine]] and [[Russia]]<br /> |[[Bandar Abbas]], [[Iran]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH71]]<br /> |426&amp;nbsp;km (266 miles)<br /> |[[Dilaram]], [[Afghanistan]] (on AH1)<br /> |[[Dashtak, Sistan and Baluchestan|Dashtak]], [[Iran]] (on AH75)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH72]]<br /> |1,147&amp;nbsp;km (717 miles)<br /> |[[Tehran]], [[Iran]] (on AH1/AH2/AH8)<br /> |[[Bushehr]], [[Iran]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH75]]<br /> |1,871&amp;nbsp;km (1169 miles)<br /> |[[Tejen]], [[Turkmenistan]] (on AH5)<br /> |[[Chabahar]], [[Iran]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH76]]<br /> |986&amp;nbsp;km (616 miles)<br /> |[[Puli Khumri]], [[Afghanistan]] (on AH7)<br /> |[[Herat]], [[Afghanistan]] (on AH1/AH77)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH77]]<br /> |1,298&amp;nbsp;km (811 miles)<br /> |[[Jabal Saraj District]], [[Afghanistan]] (on AH7)<br /> |[[Mary, Turkmenistan|Mary]], Turkmenistan (on AH5)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH78]]<br /> |1,076&amp;nbsp;km (672.5 miles)<br /> |[[Ashgabat]], [[Turkmenistan]] (on AH5)<br /> |[[Kerman]], [[Iran]] (on AH2)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH81]]<br /> |1,143&amp;nbsp;km (714 miles)<br /> |Larsi, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]<br /> |[[Aktau]], [[Kazakhstan]] (on AH70)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH82]]<br /> |1,261&amp;nbsp;km (788 miles)<br /> |border between [[Russia]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]<br /> |[[Ivughli]], [[Iran]] (on AH1)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH83]]<br /> |172&amp;nbsp;km (107.5 miles)<br /> |[[Qazakh]], [[Azerbaijan]] (on AH5)<br /> |[[Yerevan]], [[Armenia]] (on AH81/AH82)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH84]]<br /> |1,188&amp;nbsp;km (742.5 miles)<br /> |[[Doğubeyazıt]], Turkey (on AH1)<br /> |[[İçel]], [[Turkey]]<br /> |-<br /> |AH85<br /> |338&amp;nbsp;km (211 miles)<br /> |[[Refahiye]], Turkey (on AH1)<br /> |[[Merzifon]], [[Turkey]] (on AH5)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH86]]<br /> |247&amp;nbsp;km (154 miles)<br /> |[[Askale]], [[Turkey]] (on AH1)<br /> |[[Trabzon]], [[Turkey]] (on AH5)<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH87]]<br /> |606&amp;nbsp;km (378.75 miles)<br /> |[[Ankara]], [[Turkey]] (on AH1)<br /> |[[İzmir]], [[Turkey]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH88]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AmendedTreaty&quot; /&gt;<br /> |1,700&amp;nbsp;km (1050 miles)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Islamic%20Republic%20of%20Iran_Country%20presentation.pdf|title=Islamic Republic of Iran country presentation at the Eighth Meeting of the Working Group on the Asian Highway|publisher=UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific|access-date=2021-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Chabahar]], [[Iran]] (on AH75)<br /> |[[Bandar Imam Khomeini]], [[Iran]] (on AH8)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====AH100 to AH299: ASEAN Southeast Asia Routes====<br /> These routes were set up by the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] as part of an extension to the Asian Highway Network, known as the ASEAN Highway Network.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASEANMap&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ASEANPlan&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;<br /> !Route No.<br /> !Distance<br /> !Start<br /> !End<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH111]]<br /> |<br /> |Loilem, [[Myanmar]] <br /> |Thibaw, [[Myanmar]]<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;ah-db&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.unescap.org/resources/status-asian-highway-member-countries|title=Status of the Asian Highway in Member Countries {{!}} United Nations ESCAP|website=www.unescap.org|language=en|access-date=2018-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH112]] <br /> |<br /> |Thaton, [[Myanmar]] <br /> |[[Kawthaung]], [[Myanmar]]<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;ah-db&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH121]]<br /> |<br /> |[[Mukdahan]], [[Thailand]] <br /> |[[Sa Kaeo]], [[Thailand]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH123]]<br /> |<br /> |Dawei, [[Myanmar]] <br /> |[[Pak Tho District|Pak Tho]] on AH2 in [[Thailand]]<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;ah-db&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Master plan on ASEAN connectivity, 2025.|year=2016|isbn=9786026392022|location=Jakarta|oclc=970396295|url=http://asean.org/storage/2016/09/Master-Plan-on-ASEAN-Connectivity-20251.pdf|access-date=2018-01-12|archive-date=2021-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513055943/https://asean.org/storage/2016/09/Master-Plan-on-ASEAN-Connectivity-20251.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH131]]<br /> |<br /> |Vũng Áng, [[Vietnam]]<br /> |[[Thakhek]], [[Laos]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH132]]<br /> |<br /> |[[Quảng Ngãi]], [[Vietnam]]<br /> |[[Thang Beng]], [[Laos]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH140]] <br /> |<br /> |[[Butterworth, Penang|Butterworth]], [[Malaysia]]<br /> |[[Pasir Puteh]], [[Malaysia]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH141]] <br /> | {{convert|272|km|abbr=on}}<br /> |[[Port Klang]] [[Malaysia]] <br /> |[[Kuantan]], [[Malaysia]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH142]] <br /> | {{convert|200|km|abbr=on}}<br /> |[[Yong Peng]], [[Malaysia]] <br /> |[[Gambang, Pahang|Gambang]], [[Malaysia]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH143]]<br /> | {{convert|28|km|abbr=on}}<br /> |[[Sengkang]], [[Singapore]] <br /> |[[Senai]], [[Malaysia]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Pan-Borneo Highway|AH150]]<br /> | {{convert|2083|km|abbr=on}}<br /> |Telok Melano, [[Sarawak]]<br /> |[[Entikong]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> |Also known as the [[Pan-Borneo Highway]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH151]]<br /> |<br /> |[[Tebing Tinggi]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> |[[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> |Also known as the [[Trans-Sumatran Highway|Central Trans-Sumatran Highway]]. The highway is also co-signed as [[File:ID Nasional5.svg|alt=|20x20px]] [[Sumatra]] by the [[Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia)]] since 2019.<br /> |-<br /> |[[AH152]]<br /> |<br /> |[[Jakarta]]<br /> |[[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> |The highway is also co-signed by some Indonesian National Route [[File:ID Nasional6.svg|alt=|20x20px]] [[File:ID Nasional9.svg|alt=|20x20px]] [[File:ID Nasional11.svg|alt=|20x20px]] [[File:ID Nasional13.svg|alt=|20x20px]] [[File:ID Nasional15.svg|alt=|20x20px]] [[Java]] by the [[Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia)]] since 2019.<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Distance by country or region==<br /> The planned network runs a total of {{convert|140479|km|mi|0|abbr=}}.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Country or region !! Distance in km (mi)<br /> |-<br /> | {{AFG}} || {{convert|4247|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{ARM}} || {{convert|958|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{AZE}} || {{convert|1442|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{BAN}} || {{convert|1804|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{BHU}} || {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{CAM}} || {{convert|1339|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{CHN}} || {{convert|25579|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{GEO}} || {{convert|1154|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{HKG}} || {{convert|91|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{IND}} || {{convert|27987|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{INA}} || {{convert|3989|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{IRN}} || {{convert|11152|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{JPN}} || {{convert|1200|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{KAZ}} || {{convert|13189|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{PRK}} || {{convert|1320|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{ROK}} || {{convert|907|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{KGZ}} || {{convert|1695|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{LAO}} || {{convert|2297|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{MYS}} || {{convert|4006|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{MNG}} || {{convert|4286|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{MMR}} || {{convert|3003|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{NPL}} || {{convert|1321|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{PAK}} || {{convert|5377|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{PHI}} || {{convert|3517|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{RUS}} || {{convert|16869|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{SGP}} || {{convert|38|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{LKA}} || {{convert|650|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{TJK}} || {{convert|1925|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{THA}} || {{convert|5112|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{TUR}} || {{convert|5254|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{TKM}} || {{convert|2204|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{UZB}} || {{convert|2966|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{VNM}} || {{convert|2678|km|mi|abbr=on|sortable=on}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|Asia|Transport}}<br /> * Other intercontinental highway systems: [[International E-road network]], [[Pan-American Highway]], [[Arab Mashreq International Road Network]] and [[Trans-African Highway network]]<br /> * [[Trans-Asian Railway]]<br /> * [[Japan–Korea Undersea Tunnel]]<br /> * [[G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway]]<br /> * [[Seikan Tunnel]]<br /> * [[One Belt, One Road]]<br /> * [[Eurasian Land Bridge]]<br /> * [[Bering land bridge]]<br /> * [[Hippie trail]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.unescap.org/our-work/transport/asian-highway The project homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104022733/http://www.unescap.org/our-work/transport/asian-highway |date=2015-01-04 }}<br /> ** [https://www.unescap.org/our-work/transport/asian-highway-network Alternative link]<br /> * [https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/RecentTexts/XI_B_34_E.pdf Intergovernmental Agreement on the Asian Highway Network]<br /> * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3660467.stm Asia signs up to 'new Silk Road'] BBC News report (April 26, 2004)<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050415104142/http://www.unescap.org/unis/press/2004/apr/g09.asp UNESCAP press release announcing treaty]<br /> * [http://www.unescap.org/resources/asian-highway-handbook 2003 Asian Highway Handbook]<br /> * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928041405/http://pakistantimes.net/top030210601.htm Pakistan's Gwadar to Afghanistan, China road declared Asian Highway]}}<br /> * [http://www.driventogether.co.uk/ Driven Together, Historic first crossing of Asia's new Highway to the West]<br /> * [http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/asian-highway-network/ Asian Highway Network Details]<br /> <br /> {{AHN}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asian Highway Network| ]]<br /> [[Category:Road transport in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:International road networks]]<br /> [[Category:United Nations Economic and Social Council]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lok_Bhavan,_Amaravati&diff=513441 2026-03-22T02:24:20Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: put up a details w/ sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}<br /> {{Short description|Residence of the Governor of AP}}<br /> {{Infobox building<br /> | name = Lok Bhavan<br /> | image = Governor Bhavanam.jpg<br /> | native_name = '''Praja Bhavanamu'''<br /> | caption = <br /> | location = Governorpeta<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|16.5084|80.6305|display=inline,title}}<br /> | location_town = [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]]<br /> | location_country = India<br /> | building_type = Main residence<br /> | current_tenants = [[S. Abdul Nazeer]]<br /> | construction_start_date = <br /> | completion_date = <br /> | architect = <br /> | operator = <br /> | owner = [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | cost = <br /> | floor_area = <br /> | references = <br /> | elevator_count = <br /> | main_contractor = <br /> | size = <br /> | developer = <br /> | engineer = <br /> | number_of_rooms = <br /> }}<br /> '''Lok Bhavan''' formerly '''Raj Bhavan''' ([[translation]]: ''Government House'') is the [[official residence]] of the [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|governor of Andhra Pradesh]] Abdul Nazzer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-07-16|title=Veteran BJP leader Biswa Bhusan Harichandan appointed as Governor of Andhra Pradesh|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/veteran-bjp-leader-biswa-bhusan-harichandan-appointed-governor-andhra-pradesh-105565|access-date=2021-03-13|website=The News Minute|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is located in [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]], Andhra Pradesh, India.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> After the [[Telangana]] state formed in 2014, [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]] served as the joint governor for both [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] until 2019. [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]] was appointed as the [[Governor of Andhra Pradesh|23rd governor of Andhra Pradesh]] in July 2019. A separate Raj Bhavan was needed for the residence of the governor. The [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] converted the government irrigation house into the Raj Bhavan in 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Syed Akbar|date=Jul 21, 2019|title=Irrigation ‘powerhouse’ to be temporary Raj Bhavan {{!}} Vijayawada News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/irrigation-powerhouse-to-be-temporary-raj-bhavan/articleshow/70311044.cms|access-date=2021-03-13|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * {{Official website|https://rajbhavan.ap.gov.in/}}<br /> {{Raj Bhavan}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Governors' houses in India]]<br /> [[Category:Government buildings in Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures in Vijayawada]]<br /> [[Category:2019 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-gov-stub}}<br /> {{India-struct-stub}}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population&diff=460364 2026-03-18T04:26:48Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: small changes</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Featured list}}<br /> {{Lists of states and territories of India}}<br /> <br /> [[India]] is a union consisting of [[States and union territories of India|28 states and 8 union territories]].&lt;ref name=&quot;official&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/india-glance/profile|title=India at a Glance: Profile|access-date=2013-09-30|publisher=Government of India|archive-date=2014-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209020314/http://india.gov.in/india-glance/profile|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2024, with an estimated population of 1.484 [[1,000,000,000|billion]], India is the [[List of countries and dependencies by population|world's most populous country]]. India occupies 2.4% of the [[List of countries and dependencies by area|world's area]] and is home to 17.5% of the [[World population|world's population]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007-12-26 |title=Census and you - Area And Population |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx |access-date=2022-08-08 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226033122/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx |archive-date=26 December 2007 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] has one of the world's biggest stretches of fertile not-deep [[alluvium]] and are among the most densely populated areas of the world. The [[Eastern Coastal Plains|eastern]] and [[Western Coastal Plains|western]] coastal regions of [[Deccan Plateau]] are also densely populated regions of India. The [[Thar Desert]] in western Rajasthan is one of the most densely populated deserts in the world.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-12-10 |title=Report of the Task Force on Grasslands and Deserts |url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/tf11_grass.pdf |access-date=2022-08-08 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210071534/http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/tf11_grass.pdf |archive-date=10 December 2011 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The northern and [[Northeast India|north-eastern states]] along the [[Himalayas]] contain cold arid deserts with fertile valleys. These states have relatively low population density due to indomitable physical barriers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2006-05-14 |title=India - General Profile, Land Use Classification and Land Use Pattern |url=http://www.envfor.nic.in/unccd/chap-3.pdf |access-date=2022-08-08 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514102850/http://www.envfor.nic.in/unccd/chap-3.pdf |archive-date=14 May 2006 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Census of India==<br /> [[File:India population density map en.svg|thumb|left|250px|2001 India population density map]]<br /> <br /> The first population [[census]] in [[British India]] was conducted in 1872. Since [[History of the Republic of India|India's independence]] in 1947, a census has been conducted every 10 years, the first occurring in 1951.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/aboutus/Census_Organisation/about.html |title=Census Organisation of India |work=Government of India (2001) |publisher=Census of India |access-date=2008-12-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201091131/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/aboutus/Census_Organisation/about.html |archive-date=December 1, 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The census in India is conducted by the Office of the [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|Registrar General and Census Commissioner]] under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brief history of census&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/brief_history_of_census.aspx<br /> |title=Brief history of census<br /> |work=Government of India (2001)<br /> |publisher=Census of India<br /> |access-date=2008-10-26<br /> |archive-date=2013-11-13<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113224445/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/brief_history_of_census.aspx<br /> |url-status=live<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The latest population figures are based on data from the [[2011 census of India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu2&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00517/India_Census_2011 | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=India Census 2011, Provisional Population Totals | access-date=2011-03-31 | archive-date=2013-06-30 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130630101511/http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00517/India_Census_2011 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; During the decade of 2001&amp;ndash;2011, India's annual [[population growth rate]] has slowed down from 2.15 percent to 1.76 percent.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu2&quot;/&gt; Based on decennial census data, [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] has the fastest growth rate of 55.1&amp;nbsp;percent, followed by [[Meghalaya]] (27.8&amp;nbsp;percent) and [[Arunachal Pradesh]] (25.9&amp;nbsp;percent). [[Nagaland]] recorded the lowest growth rate of -0.5&amp;nbsp;percent.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=31 March 2011 |title=Census 2011: Provisional population totals |url=http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00517/India_Census_2011___517160a.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103133244/http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00517/India_Census_2011___517160a.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-03 |publisher=India Ministry of Home Affairs |via=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> India has 641,000 inhabited villages and 72.2&amp;nbsp;percent of the total population reside in these rural areas.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu.com&quot;/&gt; Of them 145,000 villages have population size of 500&amp;ndash;999 persons; 130,000&amp;nbsp;villages have population size of 1000&amp;ndash;1999 and 128,000&amp;nbsp;villages have population size of 200&amp;ndash;499. There are 3,961&amp;nbsp;villages that have a population of 10,000&amp;nbsp;persons or more.&lt;ref name=&quot;Area and Population&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx<br /> |title=Area and Population<br /> |work=Government of India (2001)<br /> |publisher=Census of India<br /> |access-date=2008-10-26<br /> |archive-date=2007-12-26<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226033122/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx<br /> |url-status=live<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; India's 27.8&amp;nbsp;percent urban population lives in more than 5,100&amp;nbsp;towns and over 380&amp;nbsp;urban agglomerations.&lt;ref name=&quot;Urban Agglomerations (UAs) &amp; towns&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/A_Series/Urban_agglomerations.htm|title=Urban Agglomerations (UAs) &amp; towns|work=Government of India (2001)|publisher=Census of India|access-date=2008-12-04|archive-date=2013-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113154457/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/A_Series/Urban_agglomerations.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the decade of 1991&amp;ndash;2001, migration to major cities caused rapid increase in urban population.&lt;ref name=&quot;Migration rate to city will dip&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/pune/Migration-rate-to-city-will-dip/articleshow/3478265.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105042539/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-13/pune/27920107_1_migration-development-plan-city-engineer|url-status=live|archive-date=5 November 2012|title=Migration rate to city will dip|date=13 Sep 2008|access-date=2008-12-08|first1=Swati|work=[[The Times of India]]|last1=Shinde}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Develop towns to stop migration to urban areas: economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/03/stories/2005120302910500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205014246/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/03/stories/2005120302910500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 5, 2005|title=Develop towns to stop migration to urban areas: economist |date=Dec 3, 2005|access-date=2008-12-08|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the basis of net migrants by last residence during the past decade, [[Maharashtra]] had most [[immigration]] with 2.3&amp;nbsp;million, followed by National Capital Territory of [[Delhi]] (1.7&amp;nbsp;million), [[Gujarat]] (0.68&amp;nbsp;million) and [[Haryana]] (0.67&amp;nbsp;million). [[Uttar Pradesh]] (&amp;minus;2.6&amp;nbsp;million) and [[Bihar]] (&amp;minus;1.7&amp;nbsp;million) topped the list for interstate [[emigration]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Migration&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/migrations.aspx<br /> |title=Migration<br /> |work=Government of India (2001)<br /> |publisher=Census of India<br /> |access-date=2008-10-26<br /> |archive-date=2013-11-13<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113224535/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/migrations.aspx<br /> |url-status=live<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; The five states of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Bihar]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] account for almost half (47.90 percent) of the total Indian population.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> While the national average for the [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] shows an increase from 933 in 2001 to 940 in 2011,&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu2&quot;/&gt; the 2011 census shows a sharp decline in the [[child sex ratio]], the number of females per thousand males in a population between age group 0&amp;ndash;6 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu2&quot;/&gt; States such as [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Gujarat]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Mizoram]] and [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] recorded an increase in India's child sex ratio.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu2&quot;/&gt; The national child sex ratio has declined from 927 in 2001 to 914 in 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu2&quot;/&gt; Telangana census was separated from Andhra Pradesh state census figures, after Telangana was officially formed on 2 June 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/T-party-Indias-29th-state-Telangana-is-born/articleshow/35912105.cms|title=T-party today: India's 29th state Telangana is born - Times of India ►|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 June 2014 |access-date=15 September 2018|archive-date=17 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917061527/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/T-party-Indias-29th-state-Telangana-is-born/articleshow/35912105.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == List ==<br /> Data from Government of India Unique Identification Authority of India Report circa October 31st 2024 Aadhaar Card Saturation Report and 2011 Census for Rural Population (population density is rounded to the nearest integer){{table alignment}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable col2left&quot; {{right}}<br /> |+List of states and union territories of India by population&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Population number as of Oct 31st, 2024, Rural population from [[2011 Census of India]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! rowspan=2|Rank<br /> ! rowspan=2|State or {{nowrap|Union Territory}} <br /> ! rowspan=2|Population (2024)<br /> ! rowspan=2|%&lt;br/&gt;India (2024)<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2023 Population&lt;br /&gt;estimate&lt;ref name=&quot;:2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://statisticstimes.com/demographics/india/indian-states-population.php|title=Indian states 2023 population estimates|date=2023-12-01|website=www.main.mohfw.gov.in|language=en-in|access-date=2024-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2011 Census Population<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=List of states with Population, Sex Ratio and Literacy Census 2011 |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-10-14 |title=Census 2011: Population in States and Union Territories of India |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/census-2011-population-in-states-and-union-territories-of-india-1476439733-1 |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=Jagranjosh.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Growth&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(2001–2012)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Rural pop. (2011 Census)<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Urban pop. (2011 Census)<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Density 2011&lt;br /&gt;{{nobold|(per km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)}}&lt;br /&gt;{{efn|For determining population density of India and the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the data excludes areas claimed by India but controlled by Pakistan (78,114&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and China (5,180&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; in [[Shaksgam Valley]] and 37,555&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; under [[Aksai Chin]] and other areas).&lt;ref name=&quot;jkexclude1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND001_Jammu%20&amp;%20Kashmir.pdf|title=J&amp;K 2011 Population density census|access-date=2022-01-06|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225081903/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND001_Jammu%20%26%20Kashmir.pdf%20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;jkexclude2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/Religion_pca/RL-0100.xlsx|title=Religion PCA 2011 J&amp;K census|access-date=2016-01-14|archive-date=2016-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209134331/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/Religion_pca/RL-0100.xlsx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''[[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]&lt;br /&gt;{{nobold|(per 1000 female, 2011)}}''' <br /> |-<br /> ! Nos.<br /> ! %<br /> ! Nos.<br /> ! %<br /> |-<br /> |1 (S1)<br /> |[[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> |241,066,874<br /> |{{pct|241,066,874|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''235,687,000''<br /> |{{nts|199812341}}<br /> |20.2%<br /> |{{nts|155317278}}<br /> |{{pct|155317278|199812341|2}}<br /> |{{nts|44495063}}<br /> |{{pct|44495063|199812341|2}}<br /> |828<br /> |912<br /> |-<br /> |2 (S2)<br /> |[[Bihar]]<br /> |128,592,000<br /> |{{pct|127,360,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''126,756,000''{{efn|population of caste census finished in Oct 2023 was 130.7 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://en.themooknayak.com/obc-news/bihars-caste-census-a-game-changer-in-indian-politics | title=Bihar's Caste Census: A Game-Changer in Indian Politics! | date=3 October 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |{{nts|104,099,452}}<br /> |25.4%<br /> |{{nts|92341436}}<br /> |{{pct|92341436|104099452|2}}<br /> |{{nts|11758016}}<br /> |{{pct|11758016|104099452|2}}<br /> |1,102<br /> |918<br /> |-<br /> |3 (S3)<br /> |[[Maharashtra]] <br /> |127,528,000<br /> |{{pct|128,592,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''126,710,000''<br /> |{{nts|112374333}}<br /> |16%<br /> |{{nts|61556074}}<br /> |{{pct|61556074|112374333|2}}<br /> |{{nts|50818259}}<br /> |{{pct|50818259|112374333|2}}<br /> |365<br /> |929<br /> |-<br /> |4 (S4)<br /> |[[West Bengal]]<br /> |99,563,000<br /> |{{pct|99,563,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''99,084,000''<br /> |{{nts|91276115}}<br /> |13.8%<br /> |{{nts|62183113}}<br /> |{{pct|62183113|91276115|2}}<br /> |{{nts|29093002}}<br /> |{{pct|29093002|91276115|2}}<br /> |1,029<br /> |953<br /> |-<br /> |5 (S5)<br /> |[[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> |87,610,000<br /> |{{pct|87,610,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''86,579,000''<br /> |{{nts|72626809}}<br /> |20.3%<br /> |{{nts|52557404}}<br /> |{{pct|52557404|72626809|2}}<br /> |{{nts|20069405}}<br /> |{{pct|20069405|72626809|2}}<br /> |236<br /> |931<br /> |-<br /> |6 (S6)<br /> |[[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |77,089,000<br /> |{{pct|77,089,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''76,860,000''<br /> |{{nts|72147030}}<br /> |15.6%<br /> |{{nts|37229590}}<br /> |{{pct|37229590|72147030|2}}<br /> |{{nts|34917440}}<br /> |{{pct|34917440|72147030|2}}<br /> |555<br /> |996<br /> |-<br /> |7 (S7)<br /> |[[Rajasthan]]<br /> |81,897,000<br /> |{{pct|81,897,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''81,025,000''<br /> |{{nts|68548437}}<br /> |21.3%<br /> |{{nts|51500352}}<br /> |{{pct|51500352|68548437|2}}<br /> |{{nts|17048085}}<br /> |{{pct|17048085|68548437|2}}<br /> |201<br /> |928<br /> |-<br /> |8 (S8)<br /> |[[Karnataka]]<br /> |68,115,000<br /> |{{pct|68,115,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''67,692,000''<br /> |{{nts|61095297}}<br /> |15.6%<br /> |{{nts|37469335}}<br /> |{{pct|37469335|61095297|2}}<br /> |{{nts|23625962}}<br /> |{{pct|23625962|61095297|2}}<br /> |319<br /> |973<br /> |-<br /> |9 (S9)<br /> |[[Gujarat]]<br /> |72,367,000<br /> |{{pct|72,367,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''71,507,000''<br /> |{{nts|60439692}}<br /> |19.3%<br /> |{{nts|34694609}}<br /> |{{pct|34694609|60439692|2}}<br /> |{{nts|25745083}}<br /> |{{pct|25745083|60439692|2}}<br /> |308<br /> |919<br /> |-<br /> |10 (S10)<br /> |[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> |53,340,000<br /> |{{pct|53,340,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''53,156,000''<br /> |{{nts|49577103}}<br /> |11.0%<br /> |{{nts|34966693}}<br /> |{{pct|34966693|49577103|2}}<br /> |{{nts|14610410}}<br /> |{{pct|14610410|49577103|2}}<br /> |303<br /> |993<br /> |-<br /> |11 (S11)<br /> |[[Odisha]]<br /> |46,566,000<br /> |{{pct|46,566,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''46,276,000''<br /> |{{nts|41974219}}<br /> |14.0%<br /> |{{nts|34970562}}<br /> |{{pct|34970562|41974218|2}}<br /> |{{nts|7003656}}<br /> |{{pct|7003656|41974218|2}}<br /> |269<br /> |978&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/7-12.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-01-08 |title=Release of NFHS-5 (2019-21) - Compendium of Factsheets {{!}} Ministry of Health and Family Welfare {{!}} GOI |url=https://main.mohfw.gov.in/basicpage-14 |access-date=2024-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108164803/https://main.mohfw.gov.in/basicpage-14 |archive-date=2023-01-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |12 (S12)<br /> |[[Telangana]]<br /> |38,272,000<br /> |{{pct|38,272,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''38,090,000''<br /> |{{nts|35003674}}<br /> |13.58%<br /> |{{nts|21395009}}<br /> |{{pct|21395009|35003674|2}}<br /> |{{nts|13608665}}<br /> |{{pct|13608665|35003674|2}}<br /> |312<br /> |988<br /> |-<br /> |13 (S13)<br /> |[[Kerala]]<br /> |35,920,000<br /> |{{pct|35,920,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''35,776,000''<br /> |{{nts|33406061}}<br /> |4.9%<br /> |{{nts|17471135}}<br /> |{{pct|17471135|33406061|2}}<br /> |{{nts|15934926}}<br /> |{{pct|15934926|33406061|2}}<br /> |859<br /> |1,084<br /> |-<br /> |14 (S14)<br /> |[[Jharkhand]]<br /> |39,963,000<br /> |{{pct|39,963,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''39,466,000''<br /> |{{nts|32988134}}<br /> |22.4%<br /> |{{nts|25055073}}<br /> |{{pct|25055073|32988134|2}}<br /> |{{nts|7933061}}<br /> |{{pct|7933061|32988134|2}}<br /> |414<br /> |948<br /> |-<br /> |15 (S15)<br /> |[[Assam]]<br /> |36,047,000<br /> |{{pct|36,047,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''35,713,000''<br /> |{{nts|31205576}}<br /> |17.1%<br /> |{{nts|26807034}}<br /> |{{pct|26807034|31205576|2}}<br /> |{{nts|4398542}}<br /> |{{pct|4398542|31205576|2}}<br /> |398<br /> |958<br /> |-<br /> |16 (S16)<br /> |[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /> |30,926,000<br /> |{{pct|30,926,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''30,730,000''<br /> |{{nts|27743338}}<br /> |13.89%<br /> |{{nts|17344192}}<br /> |{{pct|17344192|27743338|2}}<br /> |{{nts|10399146}}<br /> |{{pct|10399146|27743338|2}}<br /> |551<br /> |895<br /> |-<br /> |17 (S17)<br /> |[[Chhattisgarh]]<br /> |30,524,000<br /> |{{pct|30,524,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''30,180,000''<br /> |{{nts|25545198}}<br /> |22.6%<br /> |{{nts|19607961}}<br /> |{{pct|19607961|25545198|2}}<br /> |{{nts|5937237}}<br /> |{{pct|5937237|25545198|2}}<br /> |189<br /> |991<br /> |-<br /> |18 (S18)<br /> |[[Haryana]]<br /> |30,573,000<br /> |{{pct|30,573,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''30,209,000''<br /> |{{nts|25351462}}<br /> |19.9%<br /> |{{nts|16509359}}<br /> |{{pct|16509359|25351462|2}}<br /> |{{nts|8842103}}<br /> |{{pct|8842103|25351462|2}}<br /> |573<br /> |879<br /> |-<br /> |19 (UT1)<br /> |[[Delhi]]<br /> |21,752,000<br /> |{{pct|21,752,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''21,359,000''<br /> |{{nts|16787941}}<br /> |21.2%<br /> |{{nts|419042}}<br /> |{{pct|419042|16787941|2}}<br /> |{{nts|16368899}}<br /> |{{pct|16368899|16787941|2}}<br /> |11,297<br /> |868<br /> |-<br /> |20 (UT2)<br /> |[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> |13,701,000<br /> |{{pct|13,701,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''13,603,000''<br /> |{{nts|12267032}}<br /> |23.6%<br /> |{{nts|9064220}}<br /> |{{pct|9064220|12267032|2}}<br /> |{{nts|3202812}}<br /> |{{pct|3202812|12267032|2}}<br /> |297<br /> |890<br /> |-<br /> |21 (S19)<br /> |[[Uttarakhand]]<br /> |11,755,000<br /> |{{pct|11,755,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''11,637,000''<br /> |{{nts|10086292}}<br /> |18.8%<br /> |{{nts|7036954}}<br /> |{{pct|7036954|10086292|2}}<br /> |{{nts|3049338}}<br /> |{{pct|3049338|10086292|2}}<br /> |189<br /> |963<br /> |-<br /> |22 (S20)<br /> |[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> |7,505,000<br /> |{{pct|7,505,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''7,468,000''<br /> |{{nts|6864602}}<br /> |12.9%<br /> |{{nts|6176050}}<br /> |{{pct|6176050|6864602|2}}<br /> |{{nts|688552}}<br /> |{{pct|688552|6864602|2}}<br /> |123<br /> |972<br /> |-<br /> |23 (S21)<br /> |[[Tripura]]<br /> |4,184,000<br /> |{{pct|4,184,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''4,147,000''<br /> |{{nts|3673917}}<br /> |14.8%<br /> |{{nts|2712464}}<br /> |{{pct|2712464|3673917|2}}<br /> |{{nts|961453}}<br /> |{{pct|961453|3673917|2}}<br /> |350<br /> |960<br /> |-<br /> |24 (S22)<br /> |[[Meghalaya]]<br /> |3,379,000<br /> |{{pct|3,379,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''3,349,000''<br /> |{{nts|2966889}}<br /> |27.9%<br /> |{{nts|2371439}}<br /> |{{pct|2371439|2966889|2}}<br /> |{{nts|595450}}<br /> |{{pct|595450|2966889|2}}<br /> |132<br /> |989<br /> |-<br /> |25 (S23)<br /> |[[Manipur]]{{efn|Excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata, and Purul sub-divisions of [[Senapati district]] of Manipur.}}<br /> |3,253,000<br /> |{{pct|3,253,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''3,223,000''<br /> |{{nts|2570390}}<br /> |24.5%<br /> |{{nts|1793875}}<br /> |{{pct|1793875|2570390|2}}<br /> |{{nts|776515}}<br /> |{{pct|776515|2570390|2}}<br /> |122<br /> |992<br /> |-<br /> |26 (S24)<br /> |[[Nagaland]]<br /> |2,253,000<br /> |{{pct|2,253,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''2,233,000''<br /> |{{nts|1978502}}<br /> |−0.6%<br /> |{{nts|1407536}}<br /> |{{pct|1407536|1978502|2}}<br /> |{{nts|570966}}<br /> |{{pct|570966|1978502|2}}<br /> |119<br /> |931<br /> |-<br /> |27 (S25)<br /> |[[Goa]]<br /> |1,583,000<br /> |{{pct|1,583,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''1,575,000''<br /> |{{nts|1458545}}<br /> |8.2%<br /> |{{nts|551731}}<br /> |{{pct|551731|1458545|2}}<br /> |{{nts|906814}}<br /> |{{pct|906814|1458545|2}}<br /> |394<br /> |973<br /> |-<br /> |28 (S26)<br /> |[[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> |1,576,000<br /> |{{pct|1,576,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''1,562,000''<br /> |{{nts|1383727}}<br /> |26.0%<br /> |{{nts|1066358}}<br /> |{{pct|1066358|1383727|2}}<br /> |{{nts|317369}}<br /> |{{pct|317369|1383727|2}}<br /> |17<br /> |938<br /> |-<br /> |29 (UT3)<br /> |[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br /> |1,391,163<br /> |{{pct|1,391,163|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''1,646,000''<br /> |{{nts|1247953}}<br /> |28.1%<br /> |{{nts|395200}}<br /> |{{pct|395200|1247953|2}}<br /> |{{nts|852753}}<br /> |{{pct|852753|1247953|2}}<br /> |2,598<br /> |1,037<br /> |-<br /> |30 (S27)<br /> |[[Mizoram]]<br /> |1,250,000<br /> |{{pct|1,250,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''1,238,000''<br /> |{{nts|1097206}}<br /> |23.5%<br /> |{{nts|525435}}<br /> |{{pct|525435|1097206|2}}<br /> |{{nts|571771}}<br /> |{{pct|571771|1097206|2}}<br /> |52<br /> |976<br /> |-<br /> |31 (UT4)<br /> |[[Chandigarh]] <br /> |1,243,000<br /> |{{pct|1,243,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''1,231,000''<br /> |{{nts|1055450}}<br /> |17.2%<br /> |{{nts|28991}}<br /> |{{pct|28991|1055450|2}}<br /> |{{nts|1026459}}<br /> |{{pct|1026459|1055450|2}}<br /> |9,252<br /> |818<br /> |-<br /> |32 (S28)<br /> |[[Sikkim]]<br /> |695,000<br /> |{{pct|695,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''689,000''<br /> |{{nts|610577}}<br /> |12.9%<br /> |{{nts|456999}}<br /> |{{pct|456999|610577|2}}<br /> |{{nts|153578}}<br /> |{{pct|153578|610577|2}}<br /> |86<br /> |890<br /> |-<br /> |33 (UT5)<br /> |[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]<br /> |657,587<br /> |{{pct|657,587|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''1,263,000''<br /> |{{nts|585,764}}<br /> |55.1%<br /> |{{nts|243510}}<br /> |{{pct|243510|585764|2}}<br /> |{{nts|342254}}<br /> |{{pct|342254|585764|2}}<br /> |970<br /> |711<br /> |-<br /> |34 (UT6)<br /> |[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]<br /> |404,000<br /> |{{pct|404,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''403,000''<br /> |{{nts|380581}}<br /> |6.9%<br /> |{{nts|237093}}<br /> |{{pct|237093|380581|2}}<br /> |{{nts|143488}}<br /> |{{pct|143488|380581|2}}<br /> |46<br /> |876<br /> |-<br /> |35 (UT7)<br /> |[[Ladakh]]<br /> |302,000<br /> |{{pct|302,000|1,399,754,750|2}}<br /> |''300,000''<br /> |{{nts|274000}}<br /> |17.8%<br /> |{{nts|43840}}<br /> |{{pct|43840|274000|2}}<br /> |{{nts|230160}}<br /> |{{pct|230160|274000|2}}<br /> |2.8<br /> |853<br /> |-<br /> |{{nowrap|36 (UT8)}}<br /> |[[Lakshadweep]]<br /> |69,000<br /> |{{pct|69,000|1,399,754,750|3}}<br /> |''69,000''<br /> |{{nts|64473}}<br /> |6.3%<br /> |{{nts|14141}}<br /> |{{pct|14141|64473|2}}<br /> |{{nts|50332}}<br /> |{{pct|50332|64473|2}}<br /> |2,013<br /> |946<br /> |- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot; style=&quot;background:#9cf;&quot; <br /> !Total<br /> !India<br /> !1,399,754,750<br /> !100%<br /> !1,388,163,000<br /> !1,210,854,977<br /> !17.7%<br /> !833,463,448<br /> !68.84%<br /> !377,106,125<br /> !31.16%<br /> !382<br /> !943<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''Notes'''<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Geography of India]]<br /> * [[List of city districts by population density]]<br /> * [[List of metropolitan areas in India]]<br /> * [[List of states and union territories of India by area]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514045222/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ Official website of Census of India]<br /> * [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011chapter7.pdf Census of India - Density of population]<br /> * [http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/indiaatglance.html 2011 Indian Census]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160313065857/http://censusindia.gov.in/ Official website of Census of India] in 2016<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200114212849/http://censusindia.gov.in/ Official website of Census of India] in 2020<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:States and union territories of India by population}}<br /> [[Category:Ranked lists of country subdivisions|India, population]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of subdivisions of India]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deeya_Suzannah_Bajaj&diff=496012 2026-03-06T15:55:21Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: started a info.</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian adventure sports athlete|bot=PearBOT 5}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Deeya Suzannah Bajaj<br /> | image =Ms. Deeya Bajaj (cropped).JPG<br /> | caption = Deeya Suzannah Bajaj in July 2018<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1994|3|9}}<br /> | alma_mater = [[Cornell University]] &lt;br&gt; [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania]]<br /> | occupation = Mountaineer, explorer, motivational speaker, adventure tourism<br /> | parents = Shirly Bajaj and [[Ajeet Bajaj]]<br /> | relatives = Meghna Ann Bajaj (sister)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Deeya Suzannah Bajaj''' (born 9 March 1994) is an Indian adventure sports athlete.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Ashok |title=Bajajs become first father-daughter duo to scale the Mount Everest |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bajajs-become-first-father-daughter-duo-to-scale-the-mount-everest/article23905889.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=16 May 2018 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; She completed the [[Seven Summits]] on 5 June 2022.<br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> Bajaj is the daughter of Shirly Thomas Bajaj and [[Ajeet Bajaj]] (Indian adventurer and [[Padma Shri]] awardee).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/would-your-relationship-with-your-father-survive-climbing-everest/|title=Would Your Relationship With Your Father Survive Climbing Everest?|last=Manekar|first=Sameer|date=2018-05-30|website=Vice|language=en|access-date=2019-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; She is a [[Professional Association of Diving Instructors|PADI]] certified rescue diver&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/the-formidable-challenge-of-scaling-the-everest/article24077185.ece|title=The formidable challenge of scaling the Everest|last=Kullar|first=Gagan Dhillon|date=2018-06-04|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-10-07|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; and has completed an advance course in mountaineering from the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=&quot;Even Everest is not the limit if you put your mind to it&quot; – Mountaineer Deeya Bajaj |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/buzz/even-everest-is-not-the-limit-if-you-put-your-mind-to-it-mountaineer-deeya-bajaj-2923441.htm |access-date=24 November 2021 |work=cnbctv18.com |date=11 April 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Adventure ==<br /> At the age of 17, Bajaj participated in a 550&amp;nbsp;km long cross country skiing expedition,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parentcircle.com/article/meet-indias-first-fatherdaughter-duo-to-conquer-mt-everest/|title=Ajeet and Deeya Bajaj: India's First Father-daughter duo to conquer Mt Everest - Parentcircle|last=Bhanukumar|first=Shashwathi|date=2018-06-11|website=www.parentcircle.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; where she skied across the Greenland Icecap to raise funds for a children's home.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-achievers-interview-with-cross-country-skier-deeya-bajaj/20111103.htm|title=Skiing for a dream|website=Rediff|language=en|access-date=2019-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was the youngest in the world at the time to have completed the expedition.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/deccan-chronicle/20180603/282016148011915|title=Like father, like daughter|via=PressReader|access-date=2019-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 16 May 2018 Bajaj and her father became the first Indian father-daughter duo to climb Mount Everest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/buzz/even-everest-is-not-the-limit-if-you-put-your-mind-to-it-mountaineer-deeya-bajaj-2923441.htm|title=&quot;Even Everest is not the limit if you put your mind to it&quot; – Mountaineer Deeya Bajaj|website=cnbctv18.com|date=11 April 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/adventure-is-a-way-of-life-indias-first-father-daughter-duo-who-climbed-mount-everest-1856863|title=&quot;Adventure Is A Way Of Life&quot;: India's First Father-Daughter Duo Who Climbed Mount Everest|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2022-10-08|editor-first=Nidhi|editor-last=Sethi|date=24 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/gurugram-duo-scale-mt-everest-first-indian-father-daughter-team-to-do-so/articleshow/64200339.cms|title=Mount Everest: Gurugram duo scale Mt Everest, first Indian father-daughter team to do so {{!}} Gurgaon News - Times of India|date=17 May 2018|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/pm-modi-congratulates-indian-mount-everest-conquerors201805271305170001/|title=PM Modi congratulates Indian Mount Everest conquerors|website=www.aninews.in|language=en|access-date=2019-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; They are also the first parent-child team to have climbed Everest from the North Side (Tibet). The climb was undertaken to support the cause of the girl child in India.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/06/everest-climb-message-female-equality|title=Everest climb a message for female equality|website=Cornell Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; The father-daughter team has climbed all of the Seven Summits including [[Mount Everest]], [[Denali]], [[Aconcagua]], [[Vinson Massif|Vinson]], [[Mount Elbrus|Elbrus]], [[Mount Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]], [[Mont Blanc]], [[Puncak Jaya]] and [[Mount Kosciuszko]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/author/ajeet-bajaj-and-deeya-bajaj/?source=app|title=Ajeet Bajaj and Deeya Bajaj Blog|website=Economic Times Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://orissadiary.com/dalmia-cement-empowers-ajeet-deeya-bajaj-first-indian-father-daughter-duo-aiming-scale-mt-vinson-antarctica/|title=Dalmia Cement empowers Ajeet and Deeya Bajaj, the first Indian father - daughter duo aiming to scale Mt. Vinson, Antarctica|date=2018-12-13|website=Odisha Diary|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> <br /> * Meri Dilli Award in the category &quot;Adventure Sports&quot; 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://outstandingspeakersbureau.in/Speakers/deeya-suzannah-bajaj/|title=Deeya Suzannah Bajaj – TOSB|language=en|access-date=2019-10-07|archive-date=8 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208085427/http://outstandingspeakersbureau.in/Speakers/deeya-suzannah-bajaj/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * TiE (The IndUS Entrepreneurs) Aspire Young Achievers Award ‘In appreciation of unrivalled contributions as a role model for the Youth of India’ 2012&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/finance/flipkart-presents-tie-aspire-young-achiever-awards-news-national-mj3wWffaeajsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122172124/http://www.sify.com/finance/flipkart-presents-tie-aspire-young-achiever-awards-news-national-mj3wWffaeajsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2018-11-22|title=Flipkart presents TiE-Aspire Young Achiever awards|website=[[Sify]]|language=en|access-date=2019-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> * Adventure Tour Operators Association Of India &quot;Adventurer Of the Year&quot; 2013&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.atoai.org/index.php/award2013.html|title=Award2013|website=www.atoai.org|access-date=2019-10-07|archive-date=5 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105101402/http://www.atoai.org/index.php/award2013.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --&gt;<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * TEDx '[https://www.ted.com/talks/deeya_bajaj_the_spirit_of_adventure The Spirit Of Adventure']<br /> * TEDx '[https://www.ted.com/talks/deeya_bajaj_beyond_everest Beyond Everest]'<br /> *[https://www.deeyab.com Website]<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bajaj, Deeya Suzannah}}<br /> [[Category:Indian female mountain climbers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian summiteers of Mount Everest]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]<br /> [[Category:Indian explorers]]<br /> [[Category:1994 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Cornell University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Indian female climbers]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemavathi_(film)&diff=474235 2026-03-05T18:24:35Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: cleanup section after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Hemavathi<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | director = [[Siddalingaiah]]<br /> | writer = Hunasuru Krishnamurty (dialogues)<br /> | screenplay = Siddalingaiah<br /> | story = Goruru Ramaswamy Iyengar (Based on Novel)<br /> | producer = N. Veeraswamy&lt;br&gt;S. P. Varadaraj&lt;br&gt;J. Chandulal Jain&lt;br&gt;Siddalingaiah<br /> | starring = [[G. V. Iyer]]&lt;br&gt;[[Udaykumar]]&lt;br&gt;C. H. Lokanath&lt;br&gt;Yoganarasimha, Srinivasa murthy<br /> | cinematography = Srikanth<br /> | editing = P. Bhakthavathsalam<br /> | music = [[L. Vaidyanathan]]<br /> | studio = Jain Combines<br /> | distributor = Jain Combines<br /> | released = {{Film date|1977|09|02|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 140 min<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Hemavathi''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಹೇಮಾವತಿ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 1977 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film, directed by [[Siddalingaiah]] and produced by N. Veeraswamy, S. P. Varadaraj, J. Chandulal Jain and [[Siddalingaiah]]. The film stars [[G. V. Iyer]], [[Udaykumar]], C. H. Lokanath and Yoganarasimha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://chiloka.com/movie/hemavathi-1977|title=Hemavathi|accessdate=2015-01-30|publisher=chiloka.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nthwall.com/ka/movie/Hemavathi-1977/9219801203 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150130144034/http://www.nthwall.com/ka/movie/Hemavathi-1977/9219801203 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-01-30 |title=Hemavathi |accessdate=2015-01-30 |publisher=nthwall.com }}&lt;/ref&gt;,Srinivasa murthy<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{div col|colwidth=22em}}<br /> *[[G. V. Iyer]]<br /> *[[Udaykumar]]<br /> *[[Lokanath]]<br /> *[[Gode Lakshminarayan]]<br /> *Ashwini<br /> *Shyamala<br /> *[[Shashikala]]<br /> *[[Sathyabhama (actress)|Sathyabhama]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music was composed by L. Vaidhyanadhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://play.raaga.com/kannada/album/hemavathi-k0000733|title=Hemavathi Songs|accessdate=2015-01-30|website=[[Raaga.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || &quot;Maanavaro Neevu&quot; || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]] || 06:16<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || &quot;Shiva Shiva ennada&quot; || [[S. Janaki]] || Chi. Udaya Shankar || 04:01<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || &quot;Guhanalli Sodara Vaatsalya&quot; || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || Chi. Udaya Shankar || 06:10<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || &quot;Shuddabrahma&quot; || P. B. Sreenivas || Chi. Udaya Shankar || 01:49<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|1389491}}<br /> * {{YouTube|id=vJhXye4Li0k|title=Hemavathi}}<br /> <br /> {{Siddalingaiah}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1977 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1977 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Siddalingaiah]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Risk_(2007_film)&diff=451580 2026-03-03T11:59:17Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: Content updated and refined</p> <hr /> <div>{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Risk<br /> | image = Risk (2007 film) poster.jpg<br /> | director = [[Vishram Sawant]]<br /> | writer = Atul Taishete<br /> | producer = [[Parag Sanghvi]]<br /> | starring = [[Vinod Khanna]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Randeep Hooda]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Tanushree Dutta]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]]<br /> | music = Akbar Sami&lt;br&gt;Bappi-Tutul<br /> | editing = Vivek Shah<br /> | cinematography = [[Mahesh Muthuswami]]<br /> | runtime = 155 minutes <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | released = {{Film date|2007|01|19|df=yes}}<br /> }}<br /> '''''Risk''''' is a 2007 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Vishram Sawant]]. It stars [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Randeep Hooda]], [[Tanushree Dutta]], [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]], [[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]] and [[Anant Jog]] in the lead roles. The film is based on the [[Mumbai underworld]]. Randeep Hooda plays the role of an honest cop, Suryakant Satam, fighting against the might of a [[Bangkok]]-based don (crime lord) Khalid Bin Jamal, played by [[Vinod Khanna]]. The music was composed by Bapi-Tutul, Akbar Sami and Sandesh Shandilya, and the lyrics are written by Sandeep Nath, Amitabh Verma and Sudhir. The background score is composed by Amar Mohile.<br /> This film was remade in Telugu as ''[[Mahankali (film)|Mahankali]]'' (2011) starring [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]], [[Nyra Banerjee|Madhurima]] and [[Pradeep Rawat (actor)|Pradeep Rawat]].<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> For years, Khalid Bin Jamal has ruled the Mumbai crime underworld by staying in [[Bangkok, Thailand]]. Despite his distance from Mumbai, Khalid is able to control the Mumbai underworld by keeping the ruling members of his network very close to him. He is extremely ruthless and shows no hesitation or remorse towards his enemies.<br /> <br /> The Indian police have been trying for years to extradite Khalid to India, but in vain. Inspector Suryakant has been in the police force for some time and has been keeping track of Khalid's activities. He makes up his mind to put an end to Khalid's criminal empire and bring Khalid to justice. To do so, he starts carrying out [[Encounter killings|encounters]] against Jamal's henchmen. Over the course of a few weeks, Khalid's network suffers, as his men are simply killed in encounters and raids by Suryakant, who is supported by DCP Uttam Bhandari.<br /> <br /> Khalid becomes increasingly alarmed but comes up with a counter-plan. He arranges for one of his leading associates, the politician Devki Wardhan, to be attacked, while Suryakant is arresting her. Her opponent, the Home Minister A. R. Sarang, has been known to be in favour with Suryakant and is blackmailed by Khalid into open-firing on Devki Wardhan. This implicates Suryakant as being an accomplice to Devki Wardhan's attempted murder, as two of Devki's men are shot dead by Suryakant. Soon, a string of allegations that include taking bribes from different crime lords is formed against Suryakant. His plan to capture Khalid with bold moves thus backfires because of Khalid's premeditated scheme.<br /> <br /> The Police Commissioner is close to Devki Wardhan and is against Suryakant and tries all the time to suppress him. Suryakant's girlfriend, Shraddha, also does not support him and distances herself from him due to his involvement with the underworld. Eventually, Suryakant is jailed. He receives messages from Khalid. He is offered back his police officer position by Khalid, as long as he does his bidding for him. He is also handsomely rewarded financially. Suryakant starts working energetically for Khalid and wipes out Khalid's sworn enemy, S.P. Naidu's men. Arbaaz, Khalid's hot-headed brother, smells a rat and suspects the designs of Suryakant. He travels to India with Hari without informing Khalid to personally deal with Naidu. Arbaaz, along with Hari and Suryakant, go to Naidu to finish him. He is killed by Arbaaz, but Suryakant reveals his true colors by killing Arbaaz, Hari, and Home Minister A. R. Sarang. He makes it appear as if Arbaaz had murdered Sarang and Hari.<br /> <br /> The supposed death of a Home Minister at the hands of Khalid's brother is enough to have Khalid extradited to Mumbai for trial. However, despite all of Suryakant's painstaking uncovering of Khalid's illicit activities, the Indian police cannot make a firm case against him. Moreover, Khalid heavily bribes the police prosecutor in his favour. Khalid is sure his case will be dismissed by the Court and that he will leave India in a day, but before doing so, he wants retribution for Arbaaz's death and orders his men to dispose of Suryakant's comrades in the police force. Shraddha realizes her folly of not being supportive of Suryakant and asks for his apology. Suryakant is told that Shraddha's life is in danger and that she will be killed by Khalid's men. He decides to take the last stand and sends Shraddha safely out of the country.<br /> <br /> Khalid sends a message to Suryakant to meet him in jail. Before Suryakant has a chance to find out about the murders of DCP Bhandari, Inspector Shridhar and his other close colleagues, Khalid himself, tells him that he killed them during their meeting. He also tells Suryakant that he will go free, despite everything he has done. Suryakant is shocked by the revelation and decides to eliminate Khalid. He storms the heavily guarded jail, where Khalid is being held, and manages to kill him, though he is mortally wounded. Upon seeing Khalid's lifeless body, he smiles.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> *[[Randeep Hooda]] as Suryakant Satam<br /> *[[Vinod Khanna]] as [[Dawood Ibrahim|Khalid Bin Jamal]]: Biggest don (ruler) of the crime-ridden Mumbai underworld.<br /> *[[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]] as Arbaaz Bin Jamal: The hot-tempered brother of Khalid.<br /> *[[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]] as S.P. Naidu: A rival gang leader of Khalid's.<br /> *[[Anant Jog]] as A.R. Sarang: Home-minister of Mumbai. He has many underworld connections.<br /> *[[Seema Biswas]] as Devki Wardhan: associate of Khalid's. She is heavily involved in politics.<br /> *[[Tanushree Dutta]] as Shraddha: Suryakant's Girlfriend.<br /> * Ganesh Yadav as Inspector Shridhar: Suryakant's superior and an honest officer.<br /> *[[D. Santosh (Actor)|D. Santosh]] as Khalid Jamal's mentally challenged son.<br /> *[[Makarand Deshpande]] as Hari, Khaled's man.<br /> *[[Shivkumar Subramaniam]] as DCP Uttam Bhandari.<br /> *[[Chetan Pandit]] as Devki's lawyer.<br /> * Murari Kumar as a goon.<br /> * Madhuri Bhagwat as Suryakant's mother.<br /> * Pradeep Velankar as Police Commissioner<br /> * [[Suhas Palshikar (actor)|Suhas Palshikhar]]<br /> * Rajendra Sethi<br /> * [[Ashraful Haque (actor)|Ashraful Haque]]<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music was composed by Akbar Sami, [[Bapi–Tutul]], [[Sandesh Shandilya]] and released by Home Records Audio.<br /> <br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Risk<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = Akbar Sami&lt;br /&gt;[[Bapi–Tutul]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sandesh Shandilya]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 2007<br /> | recorded = 2007<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 23:16<br /> | label = Home Records Audio<br /> | producer = Akbar Sami&lt;br /&gt;[[Bapi–Tutul]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sandesh Shandilya]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Track list<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 23:16<br /> | title1 = Hitchki<br /> | music1 = Akbar Sami<br /> | lyrics1 = Amitabh Verma<br /> | extra1 = [[Sonu Kakkar]]<br /> | length1 = 4:30<br /> | title2 = Lakhon Karodo Mein<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Sandeep Nath]]<br /> | music2 = [[Bapi–Tutul]]<br /> | extra2 = [[Krishna Beura]]<br /> | length2 = 4:45<br /> | title3 = Kali Sadke<br /> | lyrics3 = Sudhir Kumar<br /> | music3 = [[Sandesh Shandilya]]<br /> | extra3 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]]<br /> | length3 = 4:11<br /> | title4 = Hitchki (Remix)<br /> | lyrics4 = Amitabh Verma<br /> | music4 = Akbar Sami<br /> | extra4 = [[Sonu Kakkar]]<br /> | length4 = 4:25<br /> | title5 = Le Le Risk (Trance)<br /> | extra5 = [[Instrumental]] <br /> | music5 = Bapi–Tutul<br /> | length5 = 3:13<br /> | title6 = Theme Music<br /> | extra6 = Instrumental<br /> | music6 = Bapi–Tutul<br /> | length6 = 2:12<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *{{cite news |last=Raha |first=Shuma |title=The risk in being repetitive |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/the-risk-in-being-repetitive/cid/973158 |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |date=26 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200927020908/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/the-risk-in-being-repetitive/cid/973158 |archivedate=27 September 2020 |url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite news |last=Mirani |first=Indu |title=Carry on shooting |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-carry-on-shooting-1075297 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=19 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200927021008/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-carry-on-shooting-1075297 |archivedate=27 September 2020 |url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |authorlink=Namrata Joshi |title=Risk |url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/risk/233805 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=5 February 2007}}<br /> *{{cite news |title=Risk |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/risk/191878/ |work=[[Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=21 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200927021040/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/risk/191878/ |archivedate=27 September 2020 |url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite news |last=Vyavahare |first=Renuka |title=Risk |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bollywood/Risk/articleshow/1319746.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=19 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200927021430/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bollywood/Risk/articleshow/1319746.cms |archivedate=27 September 2020 |url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite news |title=Risk |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Risk/articleshow/2611642.cms |work=The Times of india |agency=Times News Network |date=20 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200927021445/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Risk/articleshow/2611642.cms |archivedate=27 September 2020 |url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite news |last=Mohamed |first=Khalid |authorlink=Khalid Mohamed |title=REVIEW: Give Risk a miss |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/review-give-risk-a-miss/story-YxU02a1GUWCmForW4q54HK.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=22 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200927021634/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/review-give-risk-a-miss/story-YxU02a1GUWCmForW4q54HK.html |archivedate=27 September 2020 |url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite web |last=Jain |first=Priyanka |title=''Risk'' is worth a watch |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/19risk.htm |website=[[Rediff.com]] |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200927032525/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/19risk.htm |archivedate=27 September 2020 |date=19 January 2007 |url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |authorlink=Taran Adarsh |title=Risk Movie Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/risk/critic-review/risk-movie-review/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200927031950/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/risk/critic-review/risk-movie-review/ |archivedate=27 September 2020 |date=19 January 2007 |url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite news |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |authorlink=Deepa Gahlot |title=Risk |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/risk-review-bollywood-pclwkbiebgdff.html |work=[[Sify.com]] |date=22 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200927021702/https://www.sify.com/movies/risk-review-bollywood-pclwkbiebgdff.html |archivedate=27 September 2020 |url-status=dead }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0845529|Risk}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2007 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian police films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Bangkok]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Bangkok]]<br /> [[Category:Indian gangster films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language films based on actual events]]<br /> [[Category:Films à clef]]<br /> [[Category:Encounters in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films about murder]]<br /> [[Category:Films about police brutality]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poovizhi_Vasalile&diff=461279 2026-03-03T05:13:51Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: reworked details for clarity and fixed typos</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Poovizhi Vasalile<br /> | image = Poovizhi Vasalile.jpg<br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]]<br /> | writer = Fazil&lt;br /&gt;[[Gokula Krishnan]] &lt;small&gt;(dialogues)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | based_on = ''[[Poovinu Puthiya Poonthennal]]'' (1986) by [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]]<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Sathyaraj]]|[[Sujitha]]|[[Karthika (Malayalam actress)|Karthika]]}}<br /> | music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> | cinematography = Anandakuttan&lt;br /&gt;[[Jayanan Vincent]]<br /> | editing = T. R. Sekhar<br /> | studio = Lakshmi Priya Combines<br /> | distributor = Manoj Films&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=18 January 1987 |title=பூவிழி வாசலிலே |language=ta |work=[[Dina Thanthi]] |url=https://ibb.co/4VyMsFP |url-status=usurped |access-date=18 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118121433/https://ibb.co/4VyMsFP |archive-date=18 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|1987|01|14}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | runtime = 155 minutes<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Poovizhi Vasalile''''' ({{translation|Eye at the door}}) is a 1987 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[thriller film]] directed by [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]]. The film stars [[Sathyaraj]], [[Sujitha]] and [[Karthika (Malayalam actress)|Karthika]], with [[Raghuvaran]], [[Babu Antony]], [[Nizhalgal Ravi]], [[T. S. Raghavendra]] and [[Rajyalakshmi]] playing supporting roles. It is a remake of the 1986 [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Poovinu Puthiya Poonthennal]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=8 November 2017 |title=சாதனை புரிந்த தமிழ் படங்கள்&amp;nbsp;– 318&amp;nbsp;– எஸ்.கணேஷ் |language=ta |work=[[Dinamalar]] |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/38110/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E2%80%93-318-%E2%80%93-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D |url-status=usurped |access-date=7 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807121326/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/38110/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E2%80%93-318-%E2%80%93-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D |archive-date=7 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=15 January 1988 |title=Rush of contenders for top place in Tamil films |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19880115-rush-of-contenders-for-top-place-in-tamil-films-796855-1988-01-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621144846/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19880115-rush-of-contenders-for-top-place-in-tamil-films-796855-1988-01-15 |archive-date=21 June 2018 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was released on 14 January 1987 and attained cult status.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=பூவிழி வாசலிலே / Poovizhi Vasalile (1987) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/poovizhi-vasalile |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109052212/https://screen4screen.com/movies/poovizhi-vasalile |archive-date=9 January 2024 |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> <br /> A [[deaf-mute]] boy Benny and his mother Stella witness a man getting killed by Anand and Ranjith. The killers also kill the mother, but Benny manages to escape from them.<br /> <br /> Jeeva is an alcoholic who is not able to recover from the tragic death of his family. Jeeva finds Benny sleeping in the trash and adopts him as Raja, naming him after his son. Soon, he meets Yamuna and they become close friends without knowing that she is Raja's aunt. Raja recognises his mother's murderer in a bar along with their boss.<br /> <br /> First, the police arrest Jeeva for kidnapping Raja and for hiding his mother Stella, but the police discover Stella's body with Raja's help and Yamuna understands the boy is none other than her sister's son Benny. Thereafter, Anand and Ranjith kidnap Raja from Yamuna, but Jeeva kills the murderers and goes to jail.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> *[[Sathyaraj]] as Jeeva<br /> *[[Sujitha]] as Benny / Raja<br /> *[[Karthika (Malayalam actress)|Karthika]] as Yamuna<br /> *[[Raghuvaran]] as Anand<br /> *[[Babu Antony]] as Ranjith<br /> *[[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Inspector Ravi <br /> *[[T. S. Raghavendra]] as Vishwanathan, Ganga &amp; Yamuna's father<br /> *[[Rajyalakshmi]] as Ganga / Stella, Benny's mother<br /> *[[Adoor Bhasi]] as Father Joseph Stephen<br /> *[[Sreenath]] as Micheal, Benny's father (guest appearance)<br /> *[[Charle]] in a guest appearance<br /> *[[Delhi Ganesh]] as Dr.Venkatram (guest appearance)<br /> *[[Maniyanpilla Raju]]<br /> *Chittan as Sakkarakatti<br /> *Sivagami<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The soundtrack was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poovizhi Vaasalilae (1987) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000421 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425031544/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000421 |archive-date=25 April 2011 |access-date=30 December 2011 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poovizhi Vasalile Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/poovizhi-vasalile-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807121326/https://mossymart.com/product/poovizhi-vasalile-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja-2/ |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=Mossymart}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Duration<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Aattam Ingey&quot; || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. P. Sailaja]] || [[Kamakodiyan]] || 4:27<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Anne Anne&quot; || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] || Ilaiyaraaja || 4:14<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Chinna Chinna Roja Poove&quot; || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Muthulingam (poet)|Muthulingam]] || 4:29<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Oru Kiliyin&quot; (duet) || K. J. Yesudas, [[K. S. Chithra]] || rowspan=2|[[Gangai Amaran]] || 4:35<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Oru Kiliyin&quot; (female) || K. S. Chithra || 4:31<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Paattu Engae&quot; || S. P Shailaja, Malaysia Vasudevan || Kamakodiyan || 4:27<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> [[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' appreciated Fazil for being able to visually convey what he wanted, but said Ilaiyaraaja's music, Raghuvaran's acting and the cinematography were &quot;okay. okay&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=25 January 1987 |title=பூவிழி வாசலிலே... |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1987/jan/25-01-1987/p11.jpg |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |page=11 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220730042836/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1987/jan/25-01-1987/p11.jpg |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=2 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Legacy==<br /> ''Poovizhi Vaasalile'' gained a cult following and has been noted for the villainous performance of Antony and Raghuvaran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=The Top 10 Tamil Films On Children |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-the-top-10-tamil-films-on-children/20140627.htm?print=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125184316/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-the-top-10-tamil-films-on-children/20140627.htm#8 |archive-date=25 November 2016 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kollywood's craze for Malayalam screenplays |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kollywood-s-craze-for-malayalam-screenplays-imagegallery-0-kollywood-qcqlVVcfihhcd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127023030/http://www.sify.com/movies/kollywood-s-craze-for-malayalam-screenplays-imagegallery-0-kollywood-qcqlVVcfihhcd.html |archive-date=27 November 2016 |access-date=26 November 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Eashvar Karthic]] regarding his film ''[[Penguin (film)|Penguin]]'' (2020), said that &quot;Faazil’s ''Poovizhi Vaasalile'' has given me many scary nights. I have always wanted to do a film like that&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 June 2020 |title=What if there were a Hitler in Chaplin, asks 'Penguin' director Eashvar Karthic |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/jun/18/what-if-there-were-a-hitler-in-chaplin-asks-penguin-director-eashvar-karthic-2157902.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014093816/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/jun/18/what-if-there-were-a-hitler-in-chaplin-asks-penguin-director-eashvar-karthic-2157902.html |archive-date=14 October 2023 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title|0215068}}<br /> <br /> {{Fazil (director)}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1987 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1987 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1987 films]]<br /> [[Category:1987 thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Fazil]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> [[Category:Indian thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil remakes of Malayalam films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thodari&diff=448341 2026-03-03T03:06:24Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: Updated and refined page content</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2016 Indian film by Prabhu Solomon}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Thodari poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Prabhu Solomon]]<br /> | writer = Prabhu Solomon<br /> | producer = T. G. Thiyagarajan&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;{{small|('''Presenter''')}}&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;Sendhil Thiyagarajan&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;Arjun Thiyagarajan&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;Prabhu Solomon<br /> | starring = [[Dhanush]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Keerthy Suresh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;Swarupu&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Thambi Ramaiah]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Ganesh Venkatraman]]<br /> | cinematography = Vetrivel Mahendran<br /> | editing = L. V. K. Doss<br /> | music = [[D. Imman]]<br /> | studio = [[Sathya Jyothi Films]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Prabhu Solomon|God Pictures]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|2016|09|22}}<br /> | runtime = 167 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | budget = &amp;lt;!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--&amp;gt;<br /> | gross = &amp;lt;!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--&amp;gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Thodari''''' ({{translation|Train}}) is a 2016 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action romance]] film&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |date=May 23, 2016 |title=How Dhanush Filmed Thodari. It Was 'Life-Threatening' |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/how-dhanush-filmed-thodari-it-was-life-threatening-1409220 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413205443/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/how-dhanush-filmed-thodari-it-was-life-threatening-1409220 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |access-date=23 May 2016 |website=[[NDTV]] |quote=Though it has elements of realism like all my films, it's a complete commercial action-romance film.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; written, directed and co-produced by [[Prabhu Solomon]]. It stars [[Dhanush]] and [[Keerthy Suresh]], with [[D. Imman]] composing the film's music. Set on an [[express train]], ''Thodari'' follows a pantry worker who tries to save the passengers and his girlfriend from hijackers and a politician's bodyguard amid a [[runaway train]] incident.<br /> <br /> ''Thodari'' was released theatrically on 22 September 2016.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news |date=Sep 12, 2016 |title=Dhanush's 'Thodari' cleared with celan 'U' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Dhanushs-Thodari-cleared-with-celan-U/articleshow/54291124.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920214000/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Dhanushs-Thodari-cleared-with-celan-U/articleshow/54291124.cms |archive-date=20 September 2016 |access-date=4 December 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; An [[Action game|action mobile video game]], ''Thodari Official Game'', based on the film was released by Mobi2Fun as a [[tie-in]] with the film.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=Thodari Official Game |url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/thodari-official-game/id1148835410 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430093629/https://apps.apple.com/us/app/thodari-official-game/id1148835410 |archive-date=2024-04-30 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=[[App Store (Apple)|App Store]] |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> At [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi Railway Station]], Poochiyappan is a railway catering company server on duty on the New Delhi-[[Chennai]] Express. He works with his team member and best friend, Vairam, under his supervisor, Chandrakanth.<br /> <br /> During the journey, he meets Saroja, actress Srisha's [[make-up artist]], and falls in love with her at first sight. She wants to become a successful singer. Poochi tells Vairam about Saroja, who promises to help him woo her. Poochi devises a plan and makes her talk on the phone to Vairam, who acts as the renowned [[Tamil language|Tamil]] poet [[Vairamuthu]]. However, he soon discovers that Saroja is not good at singing, despite continuing to support her. Saroja remains close to Poochi, as she wants to enter the singing industry without knowing that Vairam is Vairamuthu.<br /> <br /> The train stops at [[Jhansi Junction railway station|Jhansi Junction]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], where [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Minister]] Rangarajan boards the train with his two bodyguards. One of them, Nandhakumar, doesn't get along with Poochi and Saroja. The minister humiliates him in front of Poochi, and he wants to take revenge. Poochi asks him to apologise to Saroja for hitting her earlier, to which he agrees to get his lost gun back. He soon discovers that the firearm is with the minister. He vows to murder Poochi and Saroja. Meanwhile, at [[Nagpur Junction railway station|Nagpur Junction]] in [[Maharashtra]], robbers board the train without anyone's knowledge as the driver celebrates his retirement.<br /> <br /> The following morning, Srisha's mother spots Saroja with Poochi and informs Saroja's uncle, who then asks him to call singer Vairamuthu in front of them, which leads to the truth. After discovering the truth, Saroja's uncle scolds her. Saroja, now devastated, asks him never to show his face again. When he goes to apologise to Saroja, Nandhakumar confronts him and locks him in a room. The train stops after hitting wild bulls. The driver blames the assistant driver, who failed to alert the driver. Nandhakumar tries to attack Saroja, but she escapes. Due to a fight between the train guard and the assistant driver, the deputy driver waves a green flag; the locomotive driver notices, and, thinking that the deputy driver has checked the brakes' connection, the engine driver starts the train. She boards the engine instead of the passenger compartment as she fails to get on the moving train. At the same time, the guard and the assistant driver fall off the train, leaving them behind. The train ticket examiner passes a message to the railway administrator that the guard is not on the train. However, the driver, numb from thinking of the incident, does not hear it. After a few moments, the driver dies of a heart attack. While falling, he pushes the controls forward, making the train speed up, which Saroja watches, much to her horror. The train starts to skip stations, much to the stationmaster's alarm and the railway administrators' dismay. At the same time, the burglars attack the passengers and order the train not to stop. The passengers get terrified due to the high speed. Poochi then overpowers Nandhakumar and attempts to save Saroja. He kills all the burglars and gives Saroja a walkie-talkie to communicate. Nandhakumar tries to kill Poochi but dies after hitting an oncoming rail tunnel.<br /> <br /> News circulated that the train driver died and that terrorists hijacked the train. Several people mistake the robbers for terrorists and consider Saroja to be their leader. The government gave responsibility to officers from the police and railway administration to bring down the train. When they realise that the train is out of control and not hijacked, they take help from Poochi and Saroja to stop the train by guiding Saroja on how to turn on the emergency brake. However, due to a short circuit earlier, the brakes do not work. They devise a plan to detach the engine from the passenger compartment. Poochi succeeds after a long attempt and jumps onto the locomotive to save Saroja. Saroja realises her love for Poochi. At [[Chennai Central railway station|Chennai Central Railway Station]] (in [[Tamil Nadu]]), police evacuate the whole station as the oncoming train approaches. The locomotive crashes into the station, and Poochi and Saroja are injured but alive. The separated passenger compartments arrive in Chennai, safe with passengers unscathed. The media interviewed them, and Poochi was named a national hero.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Dhanush]] as Poochiyappan &quot;Poochi&quot;<br /> *[[Keerthy Suresh]] as Saroja<br /> *Swarupu as Saroja's Murai Maman<br /> *[[Radha Ravi]] as [[Union Minister]] Rangarajan<br /> *[[Thambi Ramaiah]] as Chandrakanth<br /> *[[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] as Vairam<br /> *[[Harish Uthaman]] as Nandhakumar<br /> *[[Ganesh Venkatraman]] as Sultan [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], [[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]], Railway Protection Force<br /> *[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as [[National Security Guard|NSG]] Chief<br /> *[[Pooja Jhaveri]] as actress Srisha<br /> *[[Chinni Jayanth]] as Jack<br /> *[[Ashvin Raja]] as Johnson<br /> *[[Imman Annachi]] as Stephen, Train Ticket Examiner<br /> *[[G. Gnanasambandam]] as Sadhasivam<br /> *[[Pattimandram Raja]] as Tamilselvan<br /> *[[Bose Venkat]] as Assistant Loco Pilot<br /> *[[Anu Mohan (Tamil actor)|Anu Mohan]] as Pughazhmannan<br /> *[[R. V. Udayakumar]] as Devaraj, Loco Pilot<br /> *[[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]] as Thangapandian, D.R.M<br /> *[[Prem (actor)|Prem]] as Aravind<br /> *[[Badava Gopi]] as Unmai TV Host<br /> *[[Darbuka Siva]] as Rajapandi<br /> *[[Maya Sundarakrishnan|Maya Krishnan]] as IBC David daughter<br /> *[[Florent Pereira]]<br /> *[[Bharathi Kannan]]<br /> *Dhalapathy<br /> *[[Supergood Subramani]] as a cook<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> &amp;lt;!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20260219074702/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/prabhu-solomon-returns-to-form-with-thodari-1.1899432 --&amp;gt;<br /> In February 2015, it was announced that [[Prabhu Solomon]] had cast [[Dhanush]] as the lead actor in his next directorial, produced by Sathya Jyothi Films, and had already begun pre-production work with a recce in North India.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha J |date=4 February 2015 |title=Dhanush, Prabhu Solomon team up |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/dhanush-prabhu-solomon-team-up/article6856588.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025172149/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/dhanush-prabhu-solomon-team-up/article6856588.ece |archive-date=25 October 2020 |access-date=7 January 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; ''Thodari'' is the first Indian film that was shot entirely on a train.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |date=21 September 2016 |title=Thodari will be a talked about film: Prabhu Solomon |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Thodari-will-be-a-talked-about-film-Prabhu-Solomon/2016/09/21/article3625750.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002085657/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Thodari-will-be-a-talked-about-film-Prabhu-Solomon/2016/09/21/article3625750.ece |archive-date=2 October 2016 |access-date=4 December 2016 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The film's shoot took place predominantly on the [[Duronto Express]], and the film features the lead pair travelling from Delhi to Chennai.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |date=7 January 2016 |title=Dhanush-Prabhu Solomon film titled 'Rail' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-prabhu-solomon-film-titled-rail-news-tamil-qbhkTpjhbgghi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108124535/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-prabhu-solomon-film-titled-rail-news-tamil-qbhkTpjhbgghi.html |archive-date=8 January 2016 |access-date=4 December 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Hence, initially, a grand train set was put up at Binny Mills, Chennai during July 2015 for the film's initial schedule.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |date=Jul 6, 2015 |title=Dhanush-Prabhu Solomon film shoot progressing in Chennai |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-prabhu-solomon-film-shoot-progressing-in-chennai-news-tamil-phgkz3hbbcjeg.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709015918/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-prabhu-solomon-film-shoot-progressing-in-chennai-news-tamil-phgkz3hbbcjeg.html |archive-date=9 July 2015 |access-date=7 January 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In October 2015, production was completed for scenes featuring Dhanush.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |date=Oct 6, 2015 |title=Dhanush completes Prabhu Solomon's film! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-completes-prabhu-solomon-s-film-news-tamil-pkgk51dedcchi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129142418/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-completes-prabhu-solomon-s-film-news-tamil-pkgk51dedcchi.html |archive-date=29 January 2016 |access-date=7 January 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Filming for [[Ganesh Venkatraman]]'s scenes [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] in January 2016.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;gv&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite news |last=Ravi |first=Nandita |date=Jan 23, 2016 |title=Ganesh wraps up shooting for Prabu Solomon's film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Ganesh-wraps-up-shooting-for-Prabu-Solomons-film/articleshow/50683726.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129152331/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Ganesh-wraps-up-shooting-for-Prabu-Solomons-film/articleshow/50683726.cms |archive-date=29 January 2016 |access-date=23 January 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> {{Empty section|date=February 2026}}<br /> <br /> ==Box office==<br /> {{Empty section|date=February 2026}}<br /> &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=2016-09-24 |title=Kollywood box office: Thodari fails to beat Vikram's Iru Mugan, Aandavan Kattalai grows on the second day |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kollywood-box-office-thodari-fails-to-beat-vikrams-iru-mugan-aandavan-kattalai-grows-on-second-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404072751/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kollywood-box-office-thodari-fails-to-beat-vikrams-iru-mugan-aandavan-kattalai-grows-on-second-day/ |archive-date=4 April 2019 |access-date=2020-04-23 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Thodari<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[D. Imman]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 6 June 2016<br /> | recorded = 2016<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 29:09<br /> | language = [[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]<br /> | label = [[Lahari Music]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br /> | producer = [[D. Imman]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Wagah (film)|Wagah]]<br /> | prev_year = 2016<br /> | next_title = [[Rekka (film)|Rekka]]<br /> | next_year = 2016<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The soundtrack was composed by [[D. Imman]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |date=7 April 2016 |title=Thodari (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/thodari-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1835803106 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.ph/wip/B7vIR |archive-date=19 Feb 2026 |access-date=19 Feb 2026 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news |date=June 6, 2016 |title=Thodari audio launch: what’s the buzz? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/Thodari-audio-launch-what%E2%80%99s-the-buzz/article14389957.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230913194012/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/Thodari-audio-launch-what%E2%80%99s-the-buzz/article14389957.ece |archive-date=13 September 2023 |access-date=13 September 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | all_writing = [[Yugabharathi]]<br /> | total_length = 29:09<br /> | title1 = Adada Idhuyenna<br /> | extra1 = [[Haricharan]], [[Vandana Srinivasan]]<br /> | length1 = 4:52<br /> | title2 = Oorellaam Kekkudhey<br /> | extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Maria Roe Vincent]]<br /> | length2 = 4:09<br /> | title3 = Manusanum Manusanum<br /> | extra3 = [[Gana Bala]]<br /> | length3 = 3:34<br /> | title4 = Pona Usuru<br /> | extra4 = Haricharan, Shreya Ghoshal<br /> | length4 = 4:33<br /> | title5 = Love In Wheels<br /> | extra5 = [[Chinnaponnu]], Nathan &amp;amp; Woodwinds<br /> | length5 = 3:03<br /> | title6 = Adada Idhuyenna<br /> | length6 = 4:53<br /> | note6 = [[Karaoke]]<br /> | title7 = Pona Usuru<br /> | length7 = 4:25<br /> | note7 = [[Karaoke]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br /> <br /> {{Prabhu Solomon}}<br /> {{Sathya Jyothi Films}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2010s romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:2016 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2016 films]]<br /> [[Category:2016 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of police departments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films about terrorism in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films adapted for other media]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Prabhu Solomon]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by D. Imman]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Films set on trains]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Goa]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Nagpur]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language romance films]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dee_Saturday_Night&diff=459334 2026-03-02T09:37:00Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: typo fix</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2014 Indian film directed by Jay Prakash}}<br /> {{multiple issues|<br /> {{More citations needed|date=March 2014}}<br /> {{Unreliable sources|date=March 2014}}<br /> {{Update|date=March 2014}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Dee Saturday Night<br /> | image = Dee-saturday-night-01.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Jay Prakkash<br /> | producer = Y . K. Sharma&lt;br /&gt; Roli Prakash<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | writer = Meraq Mirza<br /> | based_on = Rave Parties<br /> | starring = [[Prashant Narayanan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Arif Zakaria]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Aman Verma (actor)|Aman Verma]]&lt;br /&gt;Amit Dimri&lt;br /&gt;Mahi Khanduri&lt;br /&gt;Gaurav Dixit&lt;br /&gt;Nazneen Patel<br /> | music = SRK Music<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | editing = <br /> | studio = <br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|02|21}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Dee Saturday Night''''' ({{Translation|Luck on Saturday night}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Hindi]]-language film directed by Jay Prakash.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/i-missed-manisha-koirala-while-making-dee-saturday-night-says-jay-prakash_131176.html |title=I missed Manisha Koirala while making 'Dee Saturday Night', says Jay Prakash |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |date= April 2013|accessdate=5 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/news/ni50297643/ |title=I missed Manisha while making 'Dee Saturday Night': Prakash |publisher=IMDb.com |accessdate=5 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was released on 21 February 2014. It stars [[Prashant Narayanan]], [[Arif Zakaria]], [[Aman Verma (actor)|Aman Verma]], Amit Dimri, Vivek Rajput, Mahi Khanduri, Gaurav Dixit, [[Mushtaq Khan]], [[Vishwajeet Pradhan]], Nazneen Patel.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1241910/news |title=News for Prashant Narayanan |publisher=IMDb.com |accessdate=5 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/mumbai/music-launch-dee-saturday-night/articleshow/18608503.cms |title=Mahi Khanduri, Prashant Narayan, Arif Zakaria and Bobby Darling pose together at the music launch of the movie 'Dee Saturday Night', held in Mumbai, on February 20, 2013 |publisher=Photogallery.indiatimes.com |date=20 February 2013 |accessdate=5 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> *[[Prashant Narayanan]]<br /> *[[Arif Zakaria]]<br /> *[[Aman Verma (actor)|Aman Verma]]<br /> *Mahi Khanduri as Shivani Dixit,<br /> * Gaurav Dixit<br /> * [[Mushtaq Khan]]<br /> * [[Vishwajeet Pradhan]]<br /> * [[Nazneen Patel]]<br /> * [[Bobby Darling]]<br /> * Amit Dimri<br /> * Vijendra Vijay as Rajeev<br /> * Vivek Rajput<br /> * Wasim Khan as mangesh<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music of the film was unveiled in September 2013 by [[Ravi Kishan]].<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 29:45<br /> | title1 = Ishq Ki Aag<br /> | extra1 = [[Kailash Kher]]<br /> | music1 = Sameer Tandon<br /> | lyrics1 = Sandeepnath<br /> | length1 = 4:04<br /> | title2 = Jhatak Ke Nacho<br /> | extra2 = [[Ankit Tiwari]], [[Akriti Kakkar]], [[Suzanne D'Mello]], Shivi Singh<br /> | music2 = Sameer Tandon<br /> | lyrics2 = Sandeepnath<br /> | length2 = 5:00<br /> | title3 = Saturday Night<br /> | extra3 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Keerthi Sagathia]], [[Palak Muchhal]]<br /> | music3 = Ankit Tiwari, Akriti Kakkar, Suzanne D'mello, Shivi Singh<br /> | lyrics3 = Sandeepnath<br /> | length3 = 4:36<br /> | title4 = Dagabaz Hai Yeh Waqt<br /> | extra4 = Vipin Aneja<br /> | music4 = Ankit Tiwari<br /> | lyrics4 = Sandeepnathd<br /> | length4 = 4:13<br /> | title5 = Nasha Sar Pe Chadke Bole<br /> | extra5 = Debolina Bose, [[Suzanne D'Mello]], Rana Majumdar<br /> | music5 = Sandeepnath<br /> | lyrics5 = Sandeepnath<br /> | length5 = 3:56<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Critical reception ==<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/dee-saturday-night/movie-review/30800565.cms | title=Dee Saturday Night Movie Review | newspaper=The Times of India }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Critic Reviews for Dee Saturday Night on Moviebuff.com |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/dee-saturday-night/reviews/critics |access-date=2025-10-19 |website=Moviebuff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{BH movie|dee-saturday-night&lt;!-- id# 566677 --&gt;}}<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2014 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2014 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2014 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about parties]]<br /> <br /> {{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kailesh_Jagutpal&diff=451316 2026-02-28T21:12:10Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: General cleanup and content improvements</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Mauritian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> |honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]<br /> |name = Kailesh Jagutpal<br /> |honorific-suffix = MP<br /> |image = <br /> |order = Minister of Health <br /> |president = [[Prithvirajsing Roopun|Pradeep Roopun]]<br /> |primeminister = [[Pravind Jugnauth]]<br /> |term_start = 12 November 2019 <br /> |term_end = 10 November 2024<br /> |predecessor = Anwar Husnoo <br /> |successor = [[Anil Bachoo]]<br /> |order1 = <br /> |president1 = <br /> |primeminister1 = <br /> |term_start1 = <br /> |term_end1 = <br /> |predecessor1 = <br /> |successor1 =<br /> <br /> |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|11|01|df=y}}<br /> |birth_place = Grand Bois, [[Mauritius]]<br /> |residence = Vacoas-Phoenix<br /> |party = [[Mouvement Socialiste Mauricien|MSM]]<br /> |alma_mater = [[Banaras Hindu University]]<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kailesh Kumar Singh Jagutpal''', more commonly known as '''Kailesh Jagutpal''' (born 1 November 1969) is a [[Mauritius|Mauritian]] politician.<br /> <br /> ==Early life, education &amp; medical career==<br /> Kailesh Jagutpal grew up in the village of [[Grand Bois, Mauritius|Grand Bois]] which is located in the district of [[Savanne District]] in the south of [[Mauritius]]. He attended the Sookdeo Bissoondoyal State Secondary School before completing his secondary education at the [[Royal College Curepipe]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ramoo |first1=Jenna |title=En aparté avec trois nouveaux ministres |url=https://defimedia.info/en-aparte-avec-trois-nouveaux-ministres |publisher=Defimedia |accessdate=2019-11-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then he studied medicine at [[Patna Medical College and Hospital]] in [[Bihar, India]] before returning to Mauritius where he joined the Civil Service as Medical and Health Officer. From 2004 to 2006 he specialised in Psychiatry by studying at the [[Banaras Hindu University]] in [[Varanasi, India]] before returning to Mauritius. In addition to his role as psychiatrist at the Jawaharlal Nehru Hospital in [[Rose-Belle]] he was also elected as Chairman of the Medical Council of Mauritius, a position which he held from 2016 to 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Savripène |first1=Marie-Annick |title=Dr Kailesh Jagutpal nouveau président du Medical Council |url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/277651/dr-kailesh-jagutpal-nouveau-president-medical-council-il-faudrait-une-approche-plus |publisher=L'Express |accessdate=2016-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Political career==<br /> At the [[2019 Mauritian general election|07 November 2019 general elections]] Kailesh Jagutpal stood as candidate of the [[Mouvement Socialiste Mauricien|MSM]] within the ''L'Alliance Morisien''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Elected members of National Assembly (2019) |url=http://electoral.govmu.org/English/Documents/NAE2019/Results/Elected%20members%20formatted.pdf |publisher=Government of Mauritius |accessdate=2020-09-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was elected as First Member for [[Constituencies of Mauritius|Constituency No.13 Rivière des Anguilles-Souillac]] in the [[National Assembly (Mauritius)|National Assembly]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Detailed results of 2019 general elections |url=http://electoral.govmu.org/English/Documents/NAE2019/Results/Detailed%20results%20for%20all%20cons.pdf |publisher=Government of Mauritius |accessdate=2020-09-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 12 November 2019 he was appointed Minister of Health and Wellness.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Biography of Dr Kailesh Jagutpal |url=http://mauritiusassembly.govmu.org/English/hmembers/Pages/Jagutpal-Kailesh-Kumar-Singh.aspx |publisher=Government of Mauritius |accessdate=2020-09-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; Within this portfolio he is responsible for medical and public health services, population planning, quality of Life and population wellness, national AIDS secretariat, trust fund for specialised medical care, Mauritius Institute of Health and licensing of private health institutions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Profile of Minister of Health and Wellness |url=https://health.govmu.org/Pages/The%20Ministry/The%20Minister/Profile.aspx |publisher=Ministry of Health and Wellness |access-date=2023-06-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jagutpal, Kailesh}}<br /> [[Category:1969 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Savanne District]]<br /> [[Category:Mauritian medical doctors]]<br /> [[Category:Government ministers of Mauritius]]<br /> [[Category:Banaras Hindu University people]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the National Assembly (Mauritius)]]<br /> [[Category:Militant Socialist Movement politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Mauritian Hindus]]<br /> [[Category:Mauritian politicians of Indian descent]]<br /> [[Category:Mauritian MPs 2019–2024]]<br /> <br /> {{Mauritius-politician-stub}}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caste_system_among_South_Asian_Christians&diff=459170 2026-02-18T09:39:49Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: updated details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> <br /> {{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br /> The '''caste system among South Asian Christians''' often reflects stratification by sect, location, and the [[Caste#In South Asia|caste]] of their predecessors.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;&gt;[http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9360711/Christian-caste Christian Castes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061129202451/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9360711/Christian-caste |date=2006-11-29 }} Encyclopædia Britannica&lt;/ref&gt; There exists evidence to show that [[Christian]] individuals have mobility within their respective castes.&lt;ref name=&quot;fuller&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |title=Kerala Christians and the Caste System |first=C. J. |last=Fuller |journal=Man |series=New series |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=March 1976 |pages=53–70 |doi=10.2307/2800388 |jstor=2800388 }}&lt;/ref&gt; But, in some cases, social inertia caused by their old traditions and biases against other castes remain, causing caste system to persist among [[South Asia]]n Christians, to some extent.&lt;ref name=&quot;AqeelFaruqi2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Aqeel |first1=Asif |last2=Faruqi |first2=Sama |title=Caste away: The ongoing struggle of Punjabi Christians |url=https://herald.dawn.com/news/1153539 |publisher=[[Herald (Pakistan)|Herald Magazine]] |access-date=25 May 2021 |language=English |date=26 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Khadka2016&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica2&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9082413/Christian-caste|title=Christian caste|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=14 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=kBTkAAAAMAAJ Struggle for justice to Dalit Christians] Brojendra Nath Banerjee, Uiliyāma Kerī Sṭāḍi eyāṇḍ Risārca Seṇṭāra. Page 42: &quot;At stake is the fate of 16 million Christians of SC origin, who form 70–80 percent of the Christians in the country&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Carol Henderson Garcia, Carol E. Henderson 2002:40 &quot;Today about 70 percent of Christians are Dalits&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Radhakrishnan 2005:23&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Azariah 1985:5&lt;/ref&gt; Christian priests, nuns, [[Dalit]]s and similar groups are found in [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]], and [[Nepal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title = Ethnographic discourse of the other: conceptual and methodological issues|pages = 39–116|author1=Panchanan Mohanty |author2=Ramesh C. Malik |author3=Eswarappa Kasi |publisher = Cambridge Scholars|year = 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Regions==<br /> {{main|Caste system in India|Caste-related violence in India}}<br /> <br /> ===Kerala (Malabar region)===<br /> [[Saint Thomas Christians]] and [[Knanaya]] in Kerala belong to different denominations. Intermarriage between different ethnic groups is rare. Saint Thomas Christians in Kerala, composed of the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]], [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]], [[CSI Syrian Christians]], [[Mar Thoma Syrian Church]], [[Pentecostal Syrian Christians]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Bergunder |first1=Michael |title=The South Indian Pentecostal Movement in the Twentieth Century |date=6 June 2008 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-0-8028-2734-0 |pages=15–16, 30, 36, 49, 55–56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XGiv3riaunQC |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Hefner |first1=Robert W. |title=Global Pentecostalism in the 21st Century |date=2 October 2013 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-01094-0 |pages=197–199, 201–202 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bHHAAAAQBAJ |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[St Thomas Evangelical Church of India]], [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Church]], [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]], [[Chaldean Syrian Church]], and the endogamous subcaste of [[Knanaya]] form ~4% of the Christians in the state.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fortescue1913&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Fortescue |first1=A. |title=The lesser eastern churches |date=1913 |publisher=Catholic Truth Society |location=London |isbn=978-1-177-70798-5 |pages=374–375 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKbuAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA375 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Frykenberg |first1=R.E. |title=Thomas Christians:History &amp; Tradition-Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Thomas-Christians |website=www.britannica.com |date=March 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fahlbusch1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Fahlbusch |first1=Erwin |last2=Lochman |first2=Jan Milic |last3=Bromiley |first3=Geoffrey William |last4=Mbiti |first4=John S. |last5=Pelikan |first5=Jaroslav |last6=Barrett |first6=David B. |last7=Vischer |first7=Lukas |title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |date=1999 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-90-04-11695-5 |pages=686–687 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaecVMhMWaEC&amp;pg=PA687 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lamport2018&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Lamport |first1=Mark A. |title=Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South |date=1 June 2018 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-7157-9 |pages=893–894 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B6xVDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA894 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pentecostal Saint Thomas Christians]] are the ethnic Saint Thomas Christians (Nasranis) affiliated to various Pentecostal and independent Neo-Charismatic churches.<br /> <br /> The [[Dalit Christian|Dalit and Nadar Christians]] of the state combined form 2.6% of the Christian community.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kcbcsite.com/kerala1.php|title=KCBC|website=www.kcbcsite.com|access-date=2018-09-20|archive-date=2021-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102012242/https://www.kcbcsite.com/kerala1.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the colonial period, many lower castes were converted to Christians by the European Missionaries but the new converts were not allowed to join the Saint Thomas Christian community and they continued to be considered as untouchables even by the Syrian Christians. However, due to evangelical missions of Syrian Christian Churches starting from late 19th century, a considerable population of lower-castes (in some cases even outside Kerala) are part of some Syrian Christian Churches such as the Mar Thoma and CSI churches.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=rti_admin |date=2018-03-12 |title=Caste, Family, Self: Savarna Christian Perspectives |url=https://www.roundtableindia.co.in/caste-family-self-savarna-christian-perspectives/ |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Round Table India |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Varghese Meloottu |first=Allan |date=February 2023 |title=Amplifying the Dalit Pentecostal Historical Narrative amid the Persistent Syrian Christian 'Privileged' Narrative in Kerala |journal=Religions |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=175 |doi=10.3390/rel14020175 |doi-access=free |issn=2077-1444}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Saint Thomas Christians claim to derive status within the caste system from the tradition that they were elites who were evangelized by [[Thomas the Apostle]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Fuller1976p55&quot;&gt;Fuller (1976), pp. 55-56.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fuller, C.J 1977 pp. 528-529&quot;&gt;Fuller, C.J. &quot;Indian Christians: Pollution and Origins.&quot; ''[[Man (journal)|Man]]''. New Series, Vol. 12, No. 3/4. (Dec. 1977), pp. 528–529.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Amaladass (1993), pp. 15-19.&lt;/ref&gt; Anand Amaladass says that &quot;The Syrian Christians had inserted themselves within the Indian caste society for centuries and were regarded by the Hindus as a caste occupying a high place within their caste hierarchy.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Amaladass (1993), p. 18.&lt;/ref&gt; Saint Thomas Christians followed the same rules of caste and pollution as that of Hindus and they were considered as pollution neutralizers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fuller1976p55&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Benedict325&quot;&gt;Vadakkekara, Benedict (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=pAncGlpGW8wC&amp;pg=PA91 ''Origin of Christianity in India: a Historiographical Critique''], pp. 325–330. Media House Delhi.&lt;/ref&gt; Rajendra Prasad, an Indian historian, said that the Syrian Christians took ritual baths after physical contact with lower castes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Rajendra |title=A Historical Developmental Study of Classical Indian Philosophy of Morals |year=2009 |volume=12 |publisher=Concept Publishing |isbn=978-8-18069-595-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1gtxVmUr1ygC&amp;pg=PA484}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why Christo-Racist Nationalism and Anti-Muslim Rhetoric Are Gaining Ground in Kerala|url=https://thewire.in/religion/kerala-syrian-christians-caste-anti-muslim-rhetoric|access-date=2021-06-17|website=thewire.in|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Goa ([[Konkan]]) and [[Canara]]===<br /> In [[Portuguese Bombay and Bassein]], [[Portuguese Goa and Damaon]] and other [[Portuguese India]]n possessions, conversions of entire villages were carried out by Catholic missionaries from the [[Portuguese conquest of Goa]] from 1510 onwards. The Portuguese clergy imposed Portuguese surnames on the converts at the time of [[Baptism]] so that it would be difficult to know their original caste easily. The Portuguese authorities also suppressed [[untouchability]] among the converts and attempted to homogenize them into a single entity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boxer|first=C. R.|year=1963|title=Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415-1825|publisher=Oxford Clarendon Press|page=75}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Prabhu|first=Alan Machado|year=1999|title=Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians|publisher=I.J.A. Publications|isbn=978-81-86778-25-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> However, the converted Hindus retained a variation of their caste status based on patrilineal descent from their previous caste affiliations. The new converts were lumped into new Catholic castes. All Brahmin subcastes ([[Goud Saraswat Brahmins]], [[Padye]]s, [[Daivadnya]]s), goldsmiths and even some rich merchants, were lumped into the Christian caste of ''[[Roman Catholic Brahmin|Bamonns]]'' (Konkani: Brahmins).&lt;ref name=&quot;Bamonn&quot;&gt;{{Cite document|last2=Goa, Daman and Diu (India). Gazetteer Dept|last1=Gune|first1=Vithal Trimbak|year=1979|title=Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa, Daman and Diu: district gazetteer, Volume 1<br /> |page=238|publisher=Gazetteer Dept., Govt. of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu}}&lt;/ref&gt; The converts from the [[Kshatriya]] and [[Vaishya Vani]] castes became lumped together as ''[[Roman Catholic Kshatriya|Chardos]]'' (Kshatriyas)&lt;ref name=&quot;Bamonn&quot;/&gt; and those [[Vaishyas]] who did not become ''Chardos'' formed a new caste ''Gauddos''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book<br /> |last=Gomes<br /> |first=Olivinho<br /> |year=1987<br /> |title=Village Goa: a study of Goan social structure and change<br /> |publisher=S. Chand<br /> |page=78<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; The converts from all the lower castes, as well as the previously [[Dalit]] and [[adivasi]] groups, were grouped together as ''Sudirs'', equivalent to [[Shudra]]s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book<br /> |last3=National Folklore Support Centre (India)<br /> |last2=University of Madras. Dept. of Anthropology<br /> |last1=Muthukumaraswamy<br /> |first1=M. D.<br /> |editor3-last=National Folklore Support Centre (India)<br /> |editor2-last=University of Madras. Dept. of Anthropology<br /> |editor1-last=Muthukumaraswamy<br /> |editor1-first=M. D.<br /> |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lC6FCZ9VcaAC<br /> |title=Folklore as discourse<br /> |publisher=National Folklore Support Centre<br /> |year=2006<br /> |isbn=978-81-901481-6-0<br /> |access-date=25 February 2012<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhatt&quot;&gt;{{cite book<br /> |title=Land and people of Indian states and union territories (Goa)<br /> |first1=Gopal K.<br /> |last1=Bhargava<br /> |first2=S. C.<br /> |last2=Bhatt<br /> |year=2006<br /> |publisher=Kalpaz Publications <br /> |page=39}}&lt;/ref&gt; The converts to Christianity were also not allowed to practice their caste-based Hindu customs because of the [[Goa Inquisition]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Mendonça&quot;&gt;{{cite book<br /> |title=Conversions and citizenry: Goa under Portugal, 1510–1610<br /> |author=Délio de Mendonça<br /> |date=2002<br /> |publisher=Concept Publishing Company}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===[[Punjab region]] and the [[Hindi belt]]===<br /> In northern parts of [[colonial India]], there were waves of [[conversion to Christianity|conversions to Christianity]] among the [[Chuhra]] and [[Chamar]] in the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] and [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]]; they thus became known as [[Dalit Christians]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Frykenberg |first1=Robert Eric |title=Christianity in India: From Beginnings to the Present |date=26 June 2008 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-826377-7 |page=240 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SinghaAriel2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Singha |first1=Sara |last2=Ariel |first2=Glucklich |title=Dalit Christians and Caste Consciousness in Pakistan |url=https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/761014 |accessdate=22 September 2020 |language=English |date=23 April 2015 |quote=This study explores caste discrimination in Pakistan against untouchable (Dalit) converts to Christianity. During the nineteenth century in India, many Dalits converted to Christianity to escape caste persecution. In the 1870s in Punjab, a mass movement to Protestant Christianity flourished among the Dalit Chuhra caste. The Chuhras were the largest menial caste in Punjab and engaged in degrading occupations including sweeping and sanitation work. By the 1930s, almost the entire Chuhra caste converted to Protestant Christianity.}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Chuhra sub-castes found in Pakistan and India include the [[Sahotra]], [[Gill (name)|Gill]], [[Khokhar]], [[Mattoo]], [[Bhati|Bhatti]], among other sub-castes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Singh1995&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Kumar Suresh |title=The Scheduled Castes, Volume 10 |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780195637427 |page=108 |language=English |quote=Ibbetson (1916) records several Chuhra tribes (divisions), namely Sahotra, Gill, Bhatti, Khokhar, Mattu, Kharu, Kaliyana, Ladhar, Sindhu, Chhapriband, Untwal, Kandabari, Hansi, Khosar, Borat and Dharival.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There were a number of conversions from various forward castes in [[Bengal Subah|Moghul]]-era Bihar, the [[Bettiah Christian]] community are descendants of those converts.<br /> <br /> ===Sindh===<br /> In the province of [[Sindh]], Christians of lower castes are often the victims of forced marriages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebrahim2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ebrahim |first1=Zofeen T. |title=Pakistan court orders arrests over Christian teen's forced marriage |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-women-childmarriage-trfn/pakistan-court-orders-arrests-over-christian-teens-forced-marriage-idUSKBN27P28Y |publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=25 May 2021 |language=English |date=9 November 2020|quote=Campaigners say forced conversion and marriage of girls and women from minority religions, including Hindus and Christians, is a growing problem in Muslim-majority Pakistan, with those from poor families and low castes largely targeted.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Tamil Nadu===<br /> Majority of Christians in the state hail from the [[Nadar (caste)|Nadar]], [[Mukkuvar]], [[Udayar (caste)]], and [[Adi Dravida]]r. The mass conversion of [[Paravar]]s date back to the Portuguese era and the conflict over the [[Pearl Fishery Coast]] between the Paravars and arabs in the 15th century AD. The Paravars converted 'en masse' to Christianity and became the subjects of the Portuguese king. The [[Nadar (caste)|Nadar]] conversion to Christianity dates back to the British Colonial Era in the 18th century. The first to initiate the conversion was at [[Mylaudy]] village by German missionary Rev. [[William Tobias Ringeltaube|Ringeltaube]]. and he built many churches and schools in [[Kanyakumari district]]. Later in the 19th century, the [[Vellalar]]s, the Udaiyars and [[Schedule castes]] embraced Christianity. The cohesion of ''[[Jāti|jati]]s'' among caste Christians (e.g. Paravas) and the strength of caste leadership are noted by scholars to be much stronger than comparable predominantly Hindu castes in [[Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kau&quot;&gt;Kauffman, S. B. &quot;A Christian Caste in Hindu Society: Religious Leadership and Social Conflict among the Paravas of Southern Tamilnadu.&quot; ''Modern Asian Studies''. 15, No. 2, (1981)&lt;/ref&gt; The Christians of Tamil Nadu denote themselves as RC (Roman Catholic) [[Paravar]], RC Nadar, CSI Nadar etc., i.e., they use a combination of the Church and their Hindu caste name. Robert L. Hardgrave, a Professor of Humanities, notes in his work ''The Nadars of TamilNadu..'' that a Christian Nadar would enter into a marital alliance with a Hindu Nadar but never with a Christian of another caste and that they would dine with their Hindu brethren but never with a person of their own faith who was beneath them in the social scale. As per a native pastor, &quot;Caste sticks to the people as closely as their skins. The blood of caste was thicker than the spirit of religion.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nadarsoftamilnad0000hard|url-access=registration|quote=tamil rc vellalar csi nadar.|title=The Nadars of Tamilnad|year=1969|author=Robert L. Hardgrave|publisher=University of California Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/nadarsoftamilnad0000hard/page/91 91]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Nepal===<br /> In [[Nepal]], Christians often enter into canonically [[interfaith marriage]]s with members of the same caste.&lt;ref name=&quot;Khadka2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Khadka |first1=Prakash |title=Marriage: Making sense of Nepal's complex culture |url=https://www.ucanews.com/news/marriage-making-sense-of-nepals-complex-culture/76429 |publisher=[[UCA News]] |access-date=25 May 2021 |language=English |date=29 June 2016|quote=Even though the caste system is understood as a Hindu system, this practice is hidden and embedded within the Nepalese Christian community, especially when it comes to marriage. ... Therefore, inter-faith and inter-caste marriages are two different realities of the Nepalese Christian community. It is not possible for us to avoid mixed marriages in our small community. When young people look around for their life partner, they can't find someone suitable from their community and this leads them to search for someone outside of their community. Mixed marriages happen in the end.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Under the law==<br /> Indian law does not provide benefits for Scheduled Caste Christians. Christians have been advocating for the same rights given to Hindu, [[Buddhist]], and [[Sikh]] Scheduled castes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/04/21/by-2050-india-to-have-worlds-largest-populations-of-hindus-and-muslims/|title=By 2050, India to have world's largest populations of Hindus and Muslims}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite the activists' point that Christians are a casteless society, discrimination does not go away easily and Dalits seek equal rights irrespective of the religion they profess.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Do_Christians_also_practise_caste_system_asks_SC/articleshow/2218560.cms |title=Do Christians also practise caste system, asks SC |newspaper=Times of India |date=July 20, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Some Christians also oppose the proposed labeling of &quot;Christian [[Scheduled caste]]s&quot; because they feel their identity may be assimilated. Pastor Salim Sharif of the [[Church of North India]] notes &quot;We are becoming another class and caste.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Sharif interview 17 November 1996&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Caste discrimination among Christians==<br /> <br /> ===Criticism===<br /> Many Catholics have spoken out against discrimination against them by members of the Catholic Church. A Dalit activist with the ''nom-de-plume'' [[Bama (writer)|Bama Faustina]] has written books that are critical of the discrimination by the nuns and priests of the Catholic Church in South India.&lt;ref&gt;{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20071013195127/http://hinduonnet.com/2001/09/16/stories/1316017m.htm A palmyra leaf that sears us]}} [[The Hindu]] – September 16, 2001&lt;/ref&gt; During 2003 [[ad limina]] visits of the bishops of India, [[Pope John Paul II]] criticized the caste discrimination in the [[Catholic Church in India]] when addressing bishops of the ecclesiastical provinces of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore|Madras-Mylapore]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai|Madurai]] and [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore|Pondicherry-Cuddalore]], the three archbishops of Tamil Nadu. He went on to say: &quot;It is the Church's obligation to work unceasingly to change hearts, helping all people to see every human being as a child of God, a brother or sister of Christ, and therefore a member of our own family&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Address to the Bishops of India on their ad Limina visit|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/2003/november/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20031117_ad-limina-india_en.html|accessdate=17 November 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.zenit.org/article-8716?l=english Papal Address to Bishops of Madras-Mylapore, Madurai and Pondicherry-Cuddalore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922115639/http://zenit.org/article-8716?l=english |date=2008-09-22 }} ZENIT – November 17, 2003&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dalitchristians.com/Html/arulappa.htm Problems and Struggles] Dalitchristians.com&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Dalit Christians===<br /> Mass conversions of lower caste Hindus to Christianity and Islam took place in order to escape the discrimination. The main Dalit groups that participated in these conversions were the Chuhras of Punjab, Chamars of North India (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh), Vankars of Gujarat, Adi Dravida (Paraiyan, Pulaiyar, Valluvar, Koliyar, Pallan) of Tamil Nadu and Pulayas of Kerala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalit Christians In India&quot;&gt;[http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/uploads/publication/1473146694.pdf Dalit Christians In India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105094620/http://www.dalitstudies.org.in/uploads/publication/1473146694.pdf |date=2016-11-05 }} Sobin George 2012&lt;/ref&gt; They believed that “Christianity is a true religion; a desire for protection from oppressors and, if possible, material aid; the desire for education for their children; and the knowledge that those who have become Christians had improved”.&lt;ref&gt;South Indian Missionary Congress. 1908. ‘The Report of Conference Held at Madras’&lt;/ref&gt; Christianity was thought to be egalitarian and could provide mobility away from the caste. Even after conversion, in some cases, Dalits were discriminated against due to the “residual leftover” practice of caste discrimination from their previous traditions.&lt;ref&gt;[‘Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and its Implications’, Complete Revised Edition, Chicago: Chicago University Press] Dumont, Louis. 1980.&lt;/ref&gt; This is attributed to the predominant Hindu society they lived in. Sometimes the only change seen was their personal religious identity. In many cases they were still referred to by their Hindu caste names. Examples include Pulayans in Kerala, Adi Dravida Paraiyan in Tamil Nadu and Madigas in Andhra Pradesh, who are discriminated by members of all religious backgrounds.&lt;ref&gt;[‘Caste-based Discrimination and Atrocities on Dalit Christians and the Need for Reservations’, Working Paper Series, II(04): New Delhi: Indian Institute of Dalit Studies.] Louis, Prakash. 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The first people converted by [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] of the Madura Mission to Christianity were members of Nadars, Maravars and Pallar.&lt;ref&gt;[The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute Vol. 2, No. 3 (Sep., 1996)] David Mosse.&lt;/ref&gt; Caste based occupations held by Dalits also show a clear segregation which perpetuated even after becoming Christian. Occupational patterns (including manual scavenging) that are prevalent among Dalit Christians in north-west India are said to be quite similar to that of Dalit Hindus.&lt;ref&gt;[ ‘Rural Christian Community in North West India’, New Delhi] Dogar, Vidya Sagar. 2000.&lt;/ref&gt; Occupational discrimination for Dalit Christians goes so far as to restrict not only employment but in some cases for clean sanitation and water.&lt;ref&gt;Jose, Kananaikil. 1990. [‘Scheduled Castes Converts and Social Disabilities: A Survey of Tamil Nadu’]&lt;/ref&gt; Inter-caste marriage among Christians is also not commonly practiced. For example, Syrian Christians in Kerala do not marry Dalit Christians. Even intermarriage between Bamons and Shudras in Goa is quite uncommon. Sometimes marriage to a higher class Hindu is preferred to marriage to a Dalit Christian. Discrimination against Dalit Christians also remained in interactions and mannerisms between castes. For example, during the earlier days the 'lower caste Christians' had to close their mouth when talking to a Syrian Christian.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalit Christians In India&quot;/&gt; Even after conversion segregation, restriction, hierarchy and graded ritual purity remained to some extent. Data shows that there is more discrimination and less class mobility among the people living in the rural areas, where the incidence of caste discrimination is higher among people from all religious backgrounds .&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalit Christians In India&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In many cases, the churches referred to the Dalits as 'New Christians'. It is alleged to be a derogatory term which classifies the Dalit Christians to be looked down upon by other Christians. During the earlier days of Christianity, in some churches in south India the Dalits had either separate seating or had to attend the mass from outside.&lt;ref&gt;Louis, Prakash. 2007.[ ‘Caste-based Discrimination and Atrocities on Dalit Christians and the Need for Reservations’, Working Paper Series, II(04): New Delhi: Indian Institute of Dalit Studies.]&lt;/ref&gt; Dalit Christians are also said to be grossly underrepresented amongst the clergy in some places.&lt;ref&gt;[Indian Dalits find no refuge from caste in Christianity] BBC, sept 14 2010&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Christianity in India]]<br /> *[[Caste system among South Asian Muslims]]<br /> *[[Dalit theology]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Sources===<br /> *Azariah M. ''The Un-Christian Side of the Indian Church''. Alit Sahitya Academy, 1985.<br /> * {{Cite book<br /> | last = Kenneth<br /> | first = Ballhatchet<br /> | title = Caste, Class and Catholicism in India, 1789–1914<br /> | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ISBN0700710957<br /> | accessdate = 2007-04-24<br /> | year = 1998<br /> | publisher = Routledge<br /> | isbn = 0-7007-1095-7<br /> }}<br /> *Fuller, C.J.''Indian Christians: Pollution and Origins.'' ''Man'', New Series, Vol. 12, No. 3/4. (Dec., 1977)<br /> *Henderson, Carol. ''Culture and Customs of India''. Greenwood Press, 2002.<br /> *Koshy, Ninan. ''Caste in the Kerala Churches''. Bangalore: Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society, 1968.<br /> *Manickam, Sundararaj. ''Studies in Missionary History: Reflections on a Culture-contact''. Christian Literature Society, 1988.<br /> *Radhakrishnan, P. ''Perfidies of Power: India in the New Millennium''. TR Publications, 2005.<br /> *Michael, S.M.''Untouchable: Dalits in Modern India''. Lynne Riener Publishers, 1999. {{ISBN|1-55587-697-8}}<br /> *Webster, John. ''The Christian Dalits: A History''. Delhi: Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (ISPCK), 1994.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.kamat.com/kalranga/people/pioneers/nobili.htm Roman Catholic Brahmin]<br /> * [http://indianhope.free.fr/site_eng/article_5.php3 Discrimination against Untouchables by Christians]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Caste System Among Indian Christians}}<br /> [[Category:Caste system in India|Christianity]]<br /> [[Category:Christianity in India]]<br /> [[Category:Discrimination]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashok_(Kannada_actor)&diff=471422 2026-02-17T05:36:59Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: fixed page as per guidelines and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Kannada film actor}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Ashok<br /> | image = &lt;!-- just the filename, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] --&gt;<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|09|12|df=yes}}{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Anekal]], Mysore State (present{{endash}}day [[Karnataka]]), India<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | other_names = <br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> | known_for = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ashok''' (born 12 September 1951) is an Indian actor in the [[Kannada film industry]], primarily in romantic and dramatic roles during the late 1970s and 1980s. He made his acting debut in 1975 with the film ''Hennu Samsarada Kannu'', where [[Sridevi]] in a small role played his romantic lead which marked the beginning of a prolific career spanning over five decades.<br /> <br /> Ashok rose to prominence with critically acclaimed performances in films such as ''[[Sanaadi Appanna]]'' (1977), directed by [[Vijay (director)|Vijay]], and ''[[Bayalu Daari]]'' (1977) by the [[Dorai–Bhagavan]] duo. He went on to star alongside leading actresses [[Aarathi]] and [[Manjula (Kannada actress)|Manjula]] in several films after that. His role in ''[[Ranganayaki (film)|Ranganayaki]]'' (1981), directed by [[Puttanna Kanagal]], is considered one of his finest, earning him recognition for his nuanced portrayal of a complex gray-shaded character.&lt;ref name=&quot;2012-hindu-article&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/an-actor-who-eases-into-many-roles/article2887084.ece|title=An actor who eases into many roles|date=13 February 2012|access-date=2016-01-31|work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ashok has appeared in several landmark films, including ''Archana'' (1982), ''Chellida Rakta'' (1982), ''[[Thayiya Madilalli]]'' (1981), ''Raja Maharaja'' (1983), and ''[[Kranthiyogi Basavanna]]'' (1983). He was widely appreciated for his ability to balance romantic leads with socially relevant roles. In addition to acting, Ashok served as the founding president of the Karnataka Film Artists, Workers and Technicians Union in 1986 and actively participated in cultural and social movements such as the [[Gokak agitation]] and Raitha Sangha protests.&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-11-09 |title=The Hindu : Friday Review Bangalore : An actor and an activist |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/22/stories/2006122202420100.htm |access-date=2024-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109074545/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/22/stories/2006122202420100.htm |archive-date=9 November 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ashok’s career spans five decades, with over 200 films, earning him recognition as one of Kannada cinema’s most enduring and versatile actors. His contributions earned him several accolades and honorary recognitions over the years.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Ashok was born to V. Lakshminarasimhaiah, a police inspector and Puttamma in [[Anekal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Ashok - Acting to Serving for Good Causes |url= http://www.supergoodmovies.com/11675/sandalwood/ashok-acting-to-serving-for-good-causes-exclusives-details |publisher= Supergoodmovies |date= 2011-01-09 |access-date= 2013-06-16 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130429003236/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/11675/sandalwood/ashok-acting-to-serving-for-good-causes-exclusives-details |archive-date= 29 April 2013 |url-status= usurped }}&lt;/ref&gt; From a young age, he aspired to become a film star. After completing his degree, he applied to the [[National School of Drama]] (NSD), the [[Film and Television Institute of India]] (FTII), [[Pune]], and the [[M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute|Madras Film Institute]]. He was admitted to the Madras Film Institute,&lt;ref name=&quot;rediff&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rajnikanth is a true friend indeed |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/29ssrajni.htm |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=www.rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; where he completed his course.&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu.com&quot; /&gt;Before entering films, Ashok participated in stage plays and was actively involved in cultural programs during his college years. He also appeared in television dramas, which helped him gain early exposure and refine his acting skills before making his big-screen debut.<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> ===1975: Debut===<br /> Ashok made his acting debut in ''Hennu Samsarada Kannu'' (1975), in a supporting role with [[Sridevi]] playing his romantic lead, that was directed by [[A. V. Sheshagiri Rao]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2012-hindu-article&quot;/&gt; The critics noted his “fresh screen presence and expressive acting” marking him as a promising newcomer. <br /> <br /> ===1977: Breakthrough Year===<br /> Ashok rose to prominence with multiple hits such as ''[[Sanaadi Appanna]]'', directed by [[Vijay (director)|Vijay]], based on Krishnamoorthy Puranik’s novel playing [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]'s son where his portrayal of Hanumanthu was praised for its emotional depth, ''[[Bayalu Daari]]'', directed by the [[Dorai–Bhagavan]] duo, where he played Kalpana's brother, ''[[Bhagyavantharu]]'' directed by [[H. R. Bhargava]] and ''[[Pavana Ganga]]'' directed by [[Y. R. Swamy]], family melodramas where critics appreciated his versatility.&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1980s: Acclaimed Performance in Romantic and Social Dramas===<br /> Ashok delivered one of his finest performances in ''[[Ranganayaki (film)|Ranganayaki]]'', directed by [[Puttanna Kanagal]] co-starring Aarathi, [[Ambarish]], and [[Ramakrishna (Kannada actor)|Ramakrishna]]. Based on Ashwattha’s novel, the film explored complex themes of morality and relationships. Critics hailed Ashok’s portrayal of Nagaraj Shetty as “intense and layered,” cementing his reputation as a serious actor. He appeared in ''Archana'' (1982) and ''Chellida Raktha'', showcasing his romantic hero image. In ''[[Kranthiyogi Basavanna]]'' (1983), directed by [[K. S. L. Swamy]], Ashok played the titular role alongside Aarathi and Manjula, earning praise for his dignified portrayal of the social reformer [[Basavanna]]. Films like ''[[Mugila Mallige]]'' directed by [[K. Balachander]] and a string of hit films with top heroine Aarathi reinforced his romantic and family drama credentials. Critics described him as “the quintessential gentleman hero&quot; of Kannada cinema.<br /> <br /> ===1990s: Transition to Character Roles===<br /> In the 90s Ashok shifted to supporting and character roles in films such as ''[[Thumbida Mane]]'' (1995, dir. S. Umesh), ''[[Mutthinantha Hendathi]]'' (1995) and ''[[Janumada Jodi]]'' (1998), a blockbuster family drama where his performance as a father figure was well-received. <br /> <br /> ===2000s-2020s: Senior roles===<br /> He featured in major hits like ''[[Appu (2002 film)|Appu]]'' (2002, dir. [[Puri Jagannadh]]), playing a police officer, ''[[Dakota Express]]'' (2002) and ''[[Kutumba]]'' (2003), where critics praised his “commanding screen presence” in paternal roles. He continued to appear in prominent films: ''[[Kempe Gowda (film)|Kempe Gowda]]'' (2011), ''[[Maanikya]]'' (2014), ''[[Mr. Airavata]]'' (2015), and ''[[Shivalinga]]'' (2016), often portraying influential father figures.<br /> <br /> Recent appearances include ''[[Raajakumara]]'' (2017), ''[[Ombattane Dikku]]'' (2022), ''[[Aachar &amp; Co]]'' (2023) and ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]'' (2024), where critics lauded his “graceful adaptation to senior roles”.<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> Following list is Incomplete.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Title <br /> ! Role<br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 1975 || ''Hennu Samsarada Kannu'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 1976 || ''Vijaya Vani'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Sutrada Bombe]]''<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Geddavalu Naane]]''<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | 1977 || ''[[Sanaadi Appanna]]'' <br /> | Hanumanthu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Bayalu Daari]]'' <br /> | Raja<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Deepa'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Bhagyavantharu]]'' <br /> | Ramu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Pavana Ganga]]'' <br /> | Narasimha<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kumkuma Rakshe]]''<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ondu Premada Kathe]]''<br /> | Chandrashekhar Rao<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 1978 || ''[[Madhura Sangama]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1979 || ''[[Mallige Sampige]]''<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Maralu Sarapani'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 1980 || ''Rama Lakshmana'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Kappu Kola '' <br /> | Manju<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Varadakshine'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | 1981 || ''[[Ranganayaki (1981 film)|Ranganayaki]]'' <br /> | Nagaraj Shetty<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ganeshana Mahime]]''<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Thayiya Madilalli]]'' <br /> | Raghu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Rajeshwari]]''<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Balu Bangara'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 1982 || ''[[Archana (1982 film)|Archana]]''<br /> | Gopalakrishna<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kannu Teresida Hennu]]''<br /> | Ravi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Chellida Raktha]]''<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 1983 || ''[[Kranthiyogi Basavanna]]'' <br /> | [[Basavanna]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Raja Maharaja]]''<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Manege Banda Mahalakshmi]]'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1984 || ''[[Hennina Sowbhagya]]''<br /> | Ramu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Shapatha]]'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 1985 || ''[[Mugila Mallige]]'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Mavano Alliyano]]''<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Kalyana Agathigal]]''|| Robert || rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Tamil films <br /> |-<br /> |1986||''Oru Manithan Oru Manaivi'' ||<br /> |-<br /> |1993||''[[Valli (film)|Valli]]'' || Shekar's father <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1995 || ''[[Thumbida Mane]]'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Mutthinantha Hendathi]]'' <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 1998 || ''[[Janumada Jodi]]'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2001 || ''[[Jipuna Nanna Ganda]]'' || <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2002 || ''[[Dakota Express]]''<br /> | Rajashekhar Patil<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Appu (2002 film)|Appu]]'' <br /> | Sub-inspector Sudarshan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2004 || ''[[Srusti (film)|Srusti]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2012 || ''[[Prarthane]]'' || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/star-encore/articleshow/21918284.cms|title=Star encore|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=23 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2014 || ''[[Kempe Gowda (film)|Kempe Gowda]]'' <br /> | Kempe Gowda's father<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Maanikya]]''<br /> | Ugrappa<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Gajakesari]]'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Tirupathi Express]]'' <br /> | Srinivas Rao<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2015 || ''[[Rana Vikrama]]'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Mr. Airavata]]'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2016 || ''[[Parapancha]]'' <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Shivalinga (2016 film)|Shivalinga]]'' <br /> | Vishwanath<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || ''[[Raajakumara]]''<br /> | Murthy<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2019 || ''[[Adyaksha in America]]'' <br /> | Ullas' father<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2022 || ''[[Ombattane Dikku]]''<br /> | Vasu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2023 || ''[[Aachar &amp; Co]]''<br /> | Madhusudhan Aachar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2024 || ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2025 || ''[[GST (film)|GST]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name|nm5705219}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ashok}}<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:People from Bengaluru Urban district]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1951 births]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br /> <br /> {{India-film-actor-1950s-stub}}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=PP-251_Bahawalpur-VII&diff=549631 2026-02-16T17:10:13Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Punjabi Provincial Legislature, Pakistan}}<br /> {{Infobox constituency<br /> |type=<br /> |name=PP-251 Bahawalpur-VII<br /> |year=<br /> |abolished=<br /> |parl_name=[[Provincial Assembly of Punjab]]<br /> |member=<br /> |image=File:PP-251 Bahawalpur-VII (2023).svg <br /> |map1=<br /> |map2=<br /> |map3=<br /> |region=[[Ahmedpur East Tehsil|Ahmedpur Sharqia Tehsil]] (partly) and [[Bahawalpur Saddar Tehsil]] (partly) of [[Bahawalpur District]]<br /> |elects_howmany=<br /> |electorate=<br /> |previous=PP-269 Bahawalpur-III (2002-2018) &lt;br /&gt; PP-251 Bahawalpur-VII (2018-)<br /> |next=<br /> }}<br /> '''PP-251 Bahawalpur-VII''' ({{nastaliq|پی پی-251، بہاولپور-7}}) is a [[Constituency]] of [[Provincial Assembly of Punjab]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ECP - Election Commission of Pakistan |url=https://www.ecp.gov.pk/frmGenericPage.aspx?PageID=3308 |access-date=2022-12-25 |website=www.ecp.gov.pk |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126224432/https://www.ecp.gov.pk/frmGenericPage.aspx?PageID=3308 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Punjab Assembly {{!}} Members - Members' Directory |url=https://www.pap.gov.pk/members/bydistrict/en/21 |access-date=2022-12-25 |website=www.pap.gov.pk}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == General elections 2024 ==<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2024 Punjab provincial election|Provincial election 2024]]: PP-251 Bahawalpur-VII}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Pakistan Muslim League (N)|candidate=Malik Khalid Mehmood Babar|votes=43,557|percentage=37.33|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Sahabzada M Usman Khan Abbasi|votes=29,435|percentage=25.22|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Pakistan People's Party|candidate=Syed Naseem Abbas Bukhari|votes=19,815|percentage=16.98|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F)|candidate=Qari Muhammad Hammad Ullah|votes=7,430|percentage=6.37|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Raees Abdul Qayyum{{efn|Filed nomination papers as PTI candidate but ECP allowed him to run as an Independent|name=Candidate status}}|votes=5,754|percentage=4.93|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan|candidate=Muhammad Abbas|votes=5,529|percentage=4.74|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate|party=Others|candidate=Others (twelve candidates)|votes=5,177|percentage=4.43|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=121,283|percentage=51.78|change=}}<br /> {{Election box total valid|votes=116,697|percentage=96.22|change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=4,586|percentage=3.78|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=14,122|percentage=12.11|change=}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors|reg. electors=234,250}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link no swing|winner=}}{{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==General elections 2018==<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2018 Punjab provincial election|Provincial election 2018]]: PP-251 Bahawalpur-VII}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Pakistan Muslim League (N)|candidate=Malik Khalid Mehmood Babar|votes=43,058|percentage=42.06|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|candidate=Sardar Malik Jahan Zaib Waaran|votes=21,806|percentage=21.30|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Pakistan People's Party|candidate=Syed Naseem Abbas Bukhari|votes=20,717|percentage=20.24|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Sahibzada Shahzain Abbasi|votes=12,245|percentage=11.96|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan|candidate=Muhammad Ijaz|votes=4,386|percentage=4.28|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Rafat Ur Rehman Rahmani|votes=159|percentage=0.16|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=107,003|percentage=55.79|change=}}<br /> {{Election box total valid|votes=102,371|percentage=95.67|change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=4,632|percentage=4.33|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=21,252|percentage=20.76|change=}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors|reg. electors=191,804}}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==General elections 2013==<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2013 Punjab provincial election|Provincial election 2013]]: PP-69 Bahawalpur-III}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Pakistan Muslim League (N)|candidate=Sardar Khalid Mahmood Waaran|votes=37,047|percentage=46.75|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Pakistan People's Party|candidate=Sardar Kamran Mahmood Zafar|votes=20,237|percentage=25.54|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Mutahida Deeni Mahaz|candidate=Rao Muhamamd Javed Iqbal|votes=15,699|percentage=19.81|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Daahir Malik Muhamamd Farooq Ghahlo|votes=4,736|percentage=5.98|change=}}{{Election box candidate|party=Others|candidate=Others (six candidates)|votes=1,531|percentage=1.93|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=82,661|percentage=57.77|change=}}<br /> {{Election box total valid|votes=79,250|percentage=95.87|change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=3,411|percentage=4.13|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=16,810|percentage=21.21|change=}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors|reg. electors=143,075}}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==General elections 2008==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Contesting candidates !! Party affiliation !! Votes polled<br /> |-<br /> | || || <br /> |}<br /> {{Empty section|date=December 2014}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[PP-250 Bahawalpur-VI]]<br /> * [[PP-252 Bahawalpur-VIII]]<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141208232634/http://ecp.gov.pk/ERConsolidated2013/AllResultsFull2013.aspx?assemblyid=PP Election commission Pakistan]'s official website<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141210145257/http://www.awaztoday.com/result.aspx?pageId=700 Awazoday.com] check result<br /> * [http://www.pap.gov.pk/index.php/members/bydistrict/en/19 Official Website] of Government of Punjab<br /> <br /> {{Constituencies of Punjab Assembly}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Provincial constituencies of Punjab, Pakistan]]<br /> {{PunjabPK-constituency-stub}}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caccothryptus_larryi&diff=492788 2026-02-10T12:10:13Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: started a data</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of beetle}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br /> {{Speciesbox<br /> | image = Caccothryptus larryi.jpg<br /> | genus = Caccothryptus<br /> | species = larryi<br /> | authority = Matsumoto, 2021<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Caccothryptus larryi''''' is a species of [[Limnichidae|minute marsh-loving beetle]] in the subfamily [[Limnichinae]]. The species was described, alongside five other ''Caccothryptus'' species, by [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]] entomologist [[Keita Matsumoto]] in 2021, using specimens gathered in 1953 by [[Harry George Champion]] in [[Haldwani]], India. Both of the ''C. larryi'' specimens featured genital structures distinct from Champion's initial classification of [[Caccothryptus ripicola|''C. ripicola'']]. The species was named after [[Larry (cat)|Larry]], the [[Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office]] at the British Prime Minister's residence at [[10 Downing Street]].<br /> <br /> ==Taxonomy==<br /> The [[Limnichidae]] (minute marsh-loving beetle) genus ''[[Caccothryptus]]'' was first described by [[David Sharp (entomologist)|David Sharp]] in 1902.{{sfn|Matsumoto|2021|p=168}}{{Sfn|Yoshitomi|2018|p=138}} In 2014, the genus was divided into five species groups by Carles Hernando and Ignacio Ribera, as part of a reclassification which brought the genus from seven to 23 species.{{Sfn|Hernando|Ribera|2014|p=281}}<br /> <br /> A group of ''Caccothryptus'' specimens were collected in 1953 by forester [[Harry George Champion]] in the [[Haldwani]] division of the [[Kumaon Himalayas]], India. These were labeled as [[Caccothryptus ripicola|''C. ripicola'']], which Champion had previously described in 1923. These were stored at the [[British Natural History Museum]]. In 2021, Natural History Museum entomologist [[Keita Matsumoto]] identified a number of distinct species from these specimens. Two specimens, a male and a female, were identified as a distinct species and became the [[holotype]] and [[paratype]] specimens of ''Caccothryptus larryi''. This new species was placed in the species group typified by ''C. compactus'', and was named after [[Larry (cat)|Larry]], the cat serving as [[Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office]] at [[10 Downing Street]] since 2011.{{sfn|Matsumoto|2021|pp=168, 176}}<br /> <br /> ==Description==<br /> Both ''Caccothryptus larryi'' specimens identified have an [[elytra|elytral length]] of around 2.5&amp;nbsp;mm, and elytral widths of around 2&amp;nbsp;mm. Their [[Prothorax|prothoraces]] both measured around 0.75&amp;nbsp;mm in length and 1.7&amp;nbsp;mm in width. The female paratype is slightly larger in all measurements. The body of ''C. larryi'' is dark brown and covered with long, light yellow [[seta]]e. Its [[Arthropod tarsus|tarsi]] are divided into five segments, of increasing length, with the fifth segment as long as the others combined. It has long, narrow, light brown [[tarsal claws]]. The beetle's head, smooth and punctured, is slightly retracted into its [[pronotum]], and features eleven-segment antennae. Little sexual dimorphism exists between the male and female specimens, beyond a longer fifth abdominal [[ventrite]] on the female.{{sfn|Matsumoto|2021|pp=176–178}}<br /> <br /> The beetle's genitals display a number of differences from their original classification of ''C. ripicola'', which enabled its recognition as a separate species. The [[paramere]]s of ''C. larryi'' have oval-shaped notches on the upper side, as opposed to the semicircular notches of ''C. ripicola''&lt;nowiki/&gt;; they also feature asymmetrical notches on the side of the [[median lobe]], and are generally wider and shorter. The depression between the parameres in ''C. larryi'' are narrow and elongated with a pointed end.{{sfn|Matsumoto|2021|pp=176–178}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Bibliography===<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> *{{cite journal|first1=Carles|last1=Hernando|first2=Ignacio|last2=Ribera|title=Taxonomic revision of the genus Caccothryptus Sharp (Coleoptera: Limnichidae)|journal=Koleopterologische Rundschau|volume=84|issn=0075-6547|date=2014}}<br /> * {{cite journal|first=Keita|last=Matsumoto|title=Six new species of the genus Caccothryptus from the Himalayas (Coleoptera: Limnichidae)|journal=[[European Journal of Taxonomy]]|issue=739|date=2021|pages=168–184|doi=10.5852/ejt.2021.739.1275|doi-access=free|bibcode=2021EJTax.739.1275M |issn=2118-9773|url=http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/files/55755/1275-Article-Text-5547-1-10-20210318.pdf}}<br /> *{{cite journal|first=Hiroyuki|last=Yoshitomi|title=A New Species of the Genus ''Caccothryptus'' (Coleoptera: Limnichidae) from China|journal=Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology|volume=24|issue=1|date=2018|pages=138–140|url=https://researchmap.jp/maruhananomi/published_papers/22726975/attachment_file.pdf|issn=1341-1160}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q127161374}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Limnichidae]]<br /> [[Category:Beetles described in 2021]]<br /> [[Category:Beetles of Asia]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vathikudy_Gram_Panchayat&diff=543811 2025-12-29T20:38:24Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: Article</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Vathikudy<br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Gram panchayat<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Kerala#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = left<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|9|54|30|N|77|0|30|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Idukki district|Idukki]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 26,359<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --&gt;<br /> | postal_code = <br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | website = www.murickassery.org<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ''' Vathikudy '''is a [[Gram panchayat]] in [[Idukki district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]].The main two town of Vathikudy Gram panchayat is [[ Thopramkudy]] and [[Murickassery]].&lt;ref name=&quot;censusindia&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/P|title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 &amp; above|publisher=Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=2008-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|archive-date=8 December 2008|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> {{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Vathikudy had a population of 26359.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vathikudy Village Population - Udumbanchola - Idukki, Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/628071-vathikudy-kerala.html |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;censusindia&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> * Pavanatma College, Murickassery<br /> * Mar Sleeva College, Rajamudy <br /> * Gov. Higher Secondary School, Thopramkudy<br /> * Gov. Higher Secondary School, Pathinaramkandam<br /> * St.Marys Higher Secondary school, Murickassery<br /> * Depaul Public School, Rajamudy<br /> * Marian Senior Secondary School, Marygiry<br /> * Auxilium English Medium School Kanakakkunnu<br /> * St.Maria gorethi LP School Thopramkudy<br /> * Holyfamily U P School Kiliyarkandam, Thopramkudy<br /> * Christhuraja LP School, Rajamudy<br /> * S.H UP School, [[Padamugham]]<br /> * St. Marys UP School Udayagiri, Thopramkudy<br /> * St. Jacobs UP School Bathel, Thopramkudy<br /> <br /> ==Health==<br /> * GOV PHC, Pathinaramkandam<br /> * Alphonsa Hospital, Murickassery<br /> * Velamkannimatha Hospital, Thopramkudy<br /> * Amala Hospital, Thopramkudy<br /> * Govt. Homeo Hospital Vathikkudy<br /> * SH Clinic, Thopramkudy<br /> * Our Family Clinic, Thopramkudy<br /> *GOVT. AYURVEDA DISPENSARY VATHIKUDY<br /> <br /> ==Banking==<br /> <br /> * Federal Bank, Thopramkudy<br /> * Union Bank Of India, Thopramkudy<br /> * South Indian Bank, Murickassery<br /> * Canara Bank, Murickassery<br /> * I D C B Bank, Thopramkudy<br /> * I D C B Bank, Murickassery<br /> * Service Co operative Bank, Thopramkudy<br /> * Service Co operative Bank, Murickassery<br /> * Service Co operative Bank, Rajamudy<br /> * Service Co operative Bank, Chembakappara<br /> * Muthoot Fincorp Ltd, Thopramkudy<br /> * Muthoot Fincorp Ltd, Murickassery<br /> * Muthoot Finance, Murickassery<br /> * Kosamattam Finance, Thopramkudy<br /> * Kosamattam Finance, Murickassery<br /> <br /> ==Others==<br /> * Sub- Registrar Office, Thopramkudy<br /> * Sub - Treasury, Murickassery<br /> * Village Office, Murickassery<br /> * KSFE, Thopramkudy<br /> * Govt.Veterinary Hospital, Murickassery<br /> * Govt.Veterinary Hospital, Thopramkudy<br /> * Police Station, Murickassery<br /> * KrushiBhavan, Murickassery<br /> * Panchayath Office, Murickassery<br /> * KSEB Section Office, Murickassery<br /> * Dairy Extension Office, Thopramkudy, <br /> * BSNL, Thopramkudy<br /> * BSNL, Murickassery<br /> * VFPCK, Thopramkudy<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Idukki district}}<br /> [[Category:Villages in Idukki district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Idukki-geo-stub}}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matangini_Hazra&diff=453543 2025-12-17T09:07:31Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: fix intro for consistency</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter (1870-1942)}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Matangini Hazra<br /> | native_name = <br /> | image = &quot;Gandhi Buri&quot; Matangini Hazra.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = Matangini Maity<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1870|10|19}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Tamluk]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now [[Tamluk]], [[Purba Medinipur]], [[West Bengal]], India)<br /> | movement = [[Salt March|Civil Disobedience movement]]&lt;br /&gt;Chowkidari tax bandha movement&lt;br /&gt;[[Quit India movement]]<br /> | spouse = Trilochan Hazra<br /> | father = Thakurdas Maity<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1942|09|29|1870|10|19}}<br /> | death_place = [[Tamluk]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now [[Tamluk]], [[Purba Medinipur]], [[West Bengal]], India)<br /> | death_cause = [[Assassination]]<br /> | known_for = Humanitarian &lt;br /&gt; Activist and Martyr in the [[Indian independence movement]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Matangini Hazra''' (19 October 1870 – 29 September 1942&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.amardeshonline.com/pages/details/2010/09/29/46101 |title=মাতঙ্গিনী হাজরা |publisher=Amardeshonline.com |date=2010-09-29 |access-date=2012-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120001023/http://www.amardeshonline.com/pages/details/2010/09/29/46101 |archive-date=20 January 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;) was an Indian revolutionary who participated in the [[Indian independence movement]]. She was leading one of the five batches of volunteers (of the ''Vidyut Bahini''), constituted by the ''Samar Parisad'' (War Council), at [[Tamluk]] to capture the Tamluk Police Station on 29 September 1942, when she was shot dead by the [[British Raj|British Indian]] police in front of the police station, becoming the first &quot;Quit India&quot; movement martyr in [[Midnapore district|Midnapore]]. She was a staunch [[Gandhism|Gandhian]] and was fondly called ''Gandhi buri'', [[Bengali language|Bengali]] for &quot;''old lady Gandhi''&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Banglapedia&quot;&gt;{{cite book<br /> |last=Amin<br /> |first=Sonia<br /> |year=2012<br /> |chapter=Hazra, Matangini<br /> |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Hazra,_Matangini<br /> |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam<br /> |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A.<br /> |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh<br /> |edition=Second<br /> |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Simlandy |first1=Sagar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NyE3EAAAQBAJ |title=History of India &amp; Abroad |last2=Mandal |first2=Ganesh Kr |date=2021-07-07 |publisher=BFC Publications |isbn=978-93-90880-20-1 |pages=169 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Stamp of India - 2002 - Colnect 158283 - Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar - Matangini Hazra.jpeg|thumb|Matangini Hazra on a stamp of India celebrating 60 years of [[Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar]]]]<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Not much is known of her early life apart from that she was born in a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] [[Mahishya]] family of village Hogla, near [[Tamluk]] on 19 October, 1870,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Dictionary of Martyrs: India's Freedom Struggle (1857-1947) vol. 4 |publisher=Indian Council of Historical Research |year=2018 |location=New Delhi |pages=254 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; and that because she was the daughter of a poor peasant, she did not receive a formal education.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freedom&quot;&gt;{{cite book<br /> | last = Maity<br /> | first = Sachindra<br /> | year = 1975<br /> | title = Freedom Movement in Midnapore<br /> | publisher = Firma, K.L.<br /> | location = Calcutta<br /> | pages = 112–113<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; She was married early (at the age of 12) and her husband name Trilochan Hazra and she became widowed at the age of eighteen without bearing any offspring. Her father-in-law's village was Alinan, of Tamluk thana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Banglapedia&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=Maya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X5aYvBs7iGIC |title=Encyclopaedia of Gender Equality Through Women Empowerment |date=2005 |publisher=Sarup &amp; Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-548-6 |pages=231 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Participation in the freedom movement ==<br /> Matangini Hazra became actively interested in the Indian independence movement as a [[Gandhian]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Freedom&quot; /&gt; A notable feature of the freedom struggle in Midnapore was the participation of women.&lt;ref name=&quot;Local&quot;&gt;{{cite book<br /> | last = Chakrabarty<br /> | first = Bidyut<br /> | year = 1997<br /> | title = Local Politics and Indian Nationalism: Midnapur (1919-1944)<br /> | publisher = Manohar<br /> | location = New Delhi<br /> | pages = <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1930, she took part in the [[Salt March|Civil Disobedience movement]] and was arrested for breaking the [[Salt Satyagraha|Salt Act]]. She was promptly released, but then participated in the 'Chowkidari Tax Bandha' (abolition of chowkidari tax) movement and while marching towards the court building chanting slogan to protest against the illegal constitution of a court by the governor to punish those who participated in the movement, Matangini was arrested again. She was sentenced to six months imprisonment and sent to Baharampur jail. Again, she was incarcerated for six months at [[Baharampur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Banglapedia&quot; /&gt; After being released, she became an active member of the [[Indian National Congress]] and took to spinning her own ''[[Khadi]]''. In 1933, she attended the subdivisional Congress conference at [[Serampore]] and was injured in the ensuing [[baton charge]] by the police.&lt;ref name=&quot;Banglapedia&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Social work ==<br /> In 1930s, despite her meagre physical state, Hazra went back to her social work immediately after her release from prison to help untouchables.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Always engaged in humanitarian causes, she worked among affected men, women and children when smallpox in epidemic form broke out in the region.&lt;ref name=&quot;Banglapedia&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Involvement in the Quit India Movement==<br /> As part of the [[Quit India Movement]], members of the Congress planned to take over the various police stations of Medinipore district and other government offices.&lt;ref name=&quot;Banglapedia&quot;/&gt; This was to be a step in overthrowing the British government in the district and establishing an independent Indian state. Hazra, who was 72 years at the time, led a procession of six thousand supporters, mostly women volunteers, with the purpose of taking over the Tamluk police station.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freedom&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Local&quot;/&gt; When the procession reached the outskirts of the town, they were ordered to disband under [[Unlawful assembly|Section 144]] of the [[Indian Penal Code]] by the [[Crown colony|Crown police]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Freedom&quot;/&gt; As she stepped forward, Hazra was shot once.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freedom&quot;/&gt; Apparently, she had stepped forward and appealed to the police not to open fire at the crowd.<br /> The ''Biplabi'' newspaper of the parallel [[Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar|Tamluk National Government]] commented:<br /> <br /> {{blockquote|Matangini led one procession from the north of the criminal court building; even after the firing commenced, she continued to advance with the tri-colour flag, leaving all the volunteers behind. The police shot her three times. She continued marching despite wounds to the forehead and both hands.&lt;ref name=&quot;Local&quot;/&gt;<br /> }}<br /> As she was repeatedly shot, she kept chanting ''[[Vande Mataram]]'', &quot;hail to the Motherland&quot;. She died with the tricolour flag held high and still flying.&lt;ref name=&quot;Banglapedia&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Freedom&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Local2&quot;&gt;{{cite book<br /> | last = Chakrabarty<br /> | first = Bidyut<br /> | year = 1997<br /> | title = Local Politics and Indian Nationalism: Midnapur (1919-1944)<br /> | publisher = Manohar<br /> | location = New Delhi<br /> | page = 167<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hallegua |first=Madhur Zakir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VJpfDwAAQBAJ |title=100 Desi Stories Series |date=2018-05-28 |publisher=Jaico Publishing House |isbn=978-93-86867-14-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Vashishth |first=Himankshi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFtuEAAAQBAJ |title=Mist of the Forbidden Forest |date=2022-05-06 |publisher=True Dreamster |pages=71 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Legacy==<br /> [[File:Kolkata Matangini Hazra.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Statue of Hazra on the Maidan at Kolkata]]<br /> <br /> The parallel Tamluk Government ([[Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar]]) incited open rebellion by praising her &quot;martyrdom for her country&quot; and was able to function for two more years, until it was disbanded in 1944, at [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]]'s request.&lt;ref name=&quot;Local2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> India earned Independence in 1947 and numerous schools, colonies, and streets, including the long stretch of Hazra Road in [[Kolkata]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-03-08 |title=Matangini Hazra: Flag in hand, the 73-year-old walked into a barrage of bullets |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/matangini-hazra-flag-in-hand-the-73-year-old-walked-into-a-barrage-of-bullets-6304808/ |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; were named after Hazra. The first statue of a woman put up in Kolkata in independent India was Hazra's in 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;statue&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> | last =catchcal.com<br /> | year = 2006<br /> | url = http://www.catchcal.com/kaleidoscope/at_first_calcutta/f.asp<br /> | title = At first in Kolkata<br /> | access-date = 2006-09-29<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> A statue now stands at the spot where she was killed in Tamluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Haldia&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> |last=Haldia Development Authority<br /> |year=2006<br /> |url=http://www.hdaindia.com/tourism.htm<br /> |title=Haldia Development Authority<br /> |access-date=2006-09-29<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031054728/http://www.hdaindia.com/tourism.htm<br /> |archive-date=31 October 2006<br /> |url-status=dead<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2002, as part of a series of [[postage stamp]]s commemorating sixty years of the [[Quit India Movement]] and the formation of the Tamluk National Government, the [[India Post|Department of Post]] of India issued a five [[rupee]] postage stamp with Matangini Hazra's portrait. In 2015, the [[Shahid Matangini Hazra Government College for Women]] was established in Tamluk, [[Purba Medinipur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Sahid Matangini (community development block)]]<br /> *[[Sahid Matangini railway station]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> {{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Hazra, Matangini}}<br /> [[Category:1870 births]]<br /> [[Category:1942 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali Hindus]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]<br /> [[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]<br /> [[Category:People from Purba Medinipur district]]<br /> [[Category:Activists from West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Women from West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century Indian women]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century Indian military personnel]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century Indian people]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian people]]<br /> [[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]<br /> [[Category:Revolutionaries from West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:People from Tamluk]]<br /> [[Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Civil disobedience in India]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abercromby_(1795_ship)&diff=484270 2025-12-16T01:31:51Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: adding some article from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|British ship in India}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox ship<br /> |section1={{Infobox ship/image<br /> |image=<br /> |image_caption=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> |section2={{Infobox ship/career<br /> |country=Great Britain<br /> |flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Great Britain|civil}}<br /> |name=''Abercromby''<br /> |namesake=<br /> |owner=Fairlie &amp; Co.{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=220}} <br /> |builder=George Foreman &amp; Nathaniel Bacon, Calcutta{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=220}} <br /> |laid_down=<br /> |yard_number=<br /> |launched=1795{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=220}} <br /> |registry=*1795:[[Kolkata|Calcutta]]<br /> *1796:London<br /> |fate=Wrecked 29 July 1812<br /> |notes=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> |section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics<br /> |type=<br /> |tons_burthen=615,{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=220}} or 670&lt;ref name=LR1797/&gt; ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])<br /> |length=<br /> |beam=<br /> |draught=<br /> |propulsion=Sail<br /> |speed=<br /> |complement=<br /> |armament=<br /> |notes=<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> '''''Abercromby''''' (or '''''Abercrombie''''') was launched at Calcutta in 1795. She made one voyage from Bengal to England for the British [[East India Company]]. She wrecked in 1812.<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Captain John Gilmore sailed from Calcutta, passing [[Khejuri II#Khijri|Kedgeree]] on 1 February 1796. ''Abercromby'' reached Saint Helena on 23 April and Falmouth on 21 June, before arriving at Blackwall on 18 July Blackwall.&lt;ref name=BL&gt;[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/IAMS_VU2:IAMS045-001114486 British Library: ''Abercromby''.]&lt;/ref&gt; She carried rice on behalf of the British government which was importing grain to address high prices for wheat in Britain following a poor harvest.<br /> <br /> {{See also|Transport vessels for the British Government's importation of rice from Bengal (1795–1796)}}<br /> <br /> ''Abercromby'' was admitted to the Registries of Great Britain on 26 August 1796.{{sfnp|House of Commons|1814|p=86}} The bill for fitting out while in London, dated 1 October 1796, was [[£sd|£]]1091 4[[shilling|s]] 8[[pence|d]].{{sfnp|House of Commons|1814|p=613}}<br /> <br /> ''Abercrombie'' first appeared in ''[[Lloyd's Register]]'' for 1796 with L. Betts, master, &quot;Farly&quot;, owner, and trade London—India.&lt;ref&gt;[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004281229?urlappend=%3Bseq=40 ''Lloyd's Register'' (1796), Sup. &quot;A&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt; ''Lloyd's Register'' for 1797 corrected Farly to Fairlie, and her trade to London-East Indies.&lt;ref name=LR1797&gt;[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004281278?urlappend=%3Bseq=10 ''Lloyd's Register'' (1797), Seq. №10.]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The British government prepared an expedition against Manila in 1797-8 that it cancelled. ''Abercrombie'' was one of the vessels chartered as a transport.{{sfnp|House of Commons|1814|p=105}}<br /> <br /> {{See also|Transport vessels for the cancelled British attack on Manila (1797)}}<br /> <br /> ==Fate==<br /> ''Lloyd's List'' reported that ''Abercrombie'' was lost in the [[Karimata Strait]], Dutch East Indies, in 1812. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from [[Bombay]], [[Company rule in India|India]] to Canton, [[Qing dynasty|China]].&lt;ref name=LL180513&gt;{{cite journal |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044105232912;view=1up;seq=87 |title=Marine List |journal=Lloyd's List |issue=4771 |date=18 May 1813 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The wreck reportedly occurred on 29 July at &quot;Abercromby Reef&quot; (named for the wreckage visible for some years later), in [[Gaspar Strait]] at about {{coord|2|29|S|107|30|E}}.{{sfnp|Wright|1834|p=13}}<br /> <br /> ==Citations==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> * {{cite book |last=Hackman |first=Rowan |date=2001 |title=Ships of the East India Company |location=Gravesend, Kent |publisher=World Ship Society |isbn=0-905617-96-7 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=((House of Commons, Parliament, Great Britain)) |year=1814 |title=Minutes of the Evidence Taken Before the Select Committee on Petitions Relating to East-India-Built Shipping |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |ref={{SfnRef|House of Commons|1814}}}}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=George Newham |year=1834 |title=A New and Comprehensive Gazetteer |volume=1 |publisher=T. Kelly}}<br /> <br /> {{1812 shipwrecks}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1795 ships]]<br /> [[Category:Ships of the British East India Company]]<br /> [[Category:Merchant ships of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Age of Sail merchant ships]]<br /> [[Category:British ships built in India]]<br /> [[Category:Maritime incidents in 1812]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandhigiri&diff=464088 2025-12-14T03:42:27Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: refine citations as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Short description|Neologism in India}}<br /> {{About||the film|Gandhigiri (film)}}<br /> '''Gandhigiri''' is a [[neologism]] in India which is used to express the tenets of [[Gandhism]] (the ideas of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], which include [[Satyagraha]] and [[Ahimsa]]) in contemporary terms. The term became popular due to its usage in the 2006 [[Hindi language|Hindi]] film, ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]''.&lt;ref&gt;Ghosh, Arunabha (23–29 December 2006). &quot;[http://www.epw.org.in/uploads/articles/10078.pdf Lage Raho Munna Bhai: Unravelling Brand Gandhigiri: Gandhi, the man, was once the message. In post-liberalisation India, 'Gandhigiri' is the message] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701045732/http://www.epw.org.in/uploads/articles/10078.pdf |date=July 1, 2007 }}.&quot; ''Economic and Political Weekly'' '''41''' (51)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sharma, Swati Gauri. &quot;[https://archive.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/10/13/how_gandhi_got_his_mojo_back/ How Gandhi got his mojo back].&quot; ''[[Boston Globe]],'' 13 October 2006&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mridulatoi060929&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramachandaran&quot;&gt;{{cite news | first=Shastri | last=Ramachandaran| url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060923/edit.htm#4| title=Jollygood Bollywood:Munnabhai rescues Mahatma| work=tribuneindia.com|publisher=The Tribune Trust| date=23 September 2006| access-date=2007-04-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Usage==<br /> As a [[Colloquialism|colloquial]] expression in various languages in India including Marathi, Hindi and Tamil, &quot;Gandhigiri&quot; refers to the practice of the ideals of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramachandaran&quot;/&gt; It is a [[Colloquialism|colloquial]] form of [[Gandhism]]. ''Gandhism'' (or ''Gandhianism'') is a term which attempts to summarize the philosophies of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. Basic tenets of Gandhism include ''[[satya]]'' (truth) and ''[[Satyagraha]]'': &quot;Truth (satya) implies love, and firmness (agraha) engenders and therefore serves as a synonym for force...that is to say, the Force which is born of Truth and Love or non-violence.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;essenfischer&quot;&gt;{{cite book<br /> | last = Gandhi<br /> | first = M.K<br /> | author-link = Mahatma Gandhi<br /> | editor =Louis Fischer<br /> | editor-link =Louis Fischer<br /> | title = The Essential Gandhi: An Anthology of His Writings on His Life, Work, and Ideas<br /> | url = https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0394714660/<br /> | edition = Reprint edition (12 November 2002)<br /> | series = Vintage spiritual classics<br /> | publisher = [[Vintage (publisher)|Vintage Books USA]] <br /> | location = New York<br /> | isbn = 1-4000-3050-1<br /> | chapter = The Struggle<br /> | year = 2002<br /> | page = 77<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Gandhi further noted of the term, ''Satyagraha'',<br /> {{cquote|Its root meaning is holding on to truth, hence truth-force. I have also called it Love-force or Soul-force. In the application of Satyagraha I discovered in the earliest stages that pursuit of truth did not admit of violence being inflicted on one's opponent but that he must be weaned from error by patience and sympathy. For what appears to be truth to the one may appear to be error to the other. And patience means self-suffering. So the doctrine came to mean vindication of truth not by infliction of suffering on the opponent but on one's self.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;gandhisatya61&quot;&gt;{{cite book<br /> | last = Gandhi<br /> | first = M.K<br /> | editor = Kumarappa, Bharatan<br /> | title = Non-Violent Resistance (Satyagraha)<br /> | url = https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=9165422<br /> | access-date = 2007-05-05<br /> | year = 1961<br /> | publisher = [[Schocken Books]]<br /> | location = New York<br /> | isbn = 0-8052-0017-7<br /> | chapter = What Satyagraha Is: Satyagraha<br /> | page = 6<br /> | archive-date = 2011-06-05<br /> | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110605011107/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=9165422<br /> | url-status = dead<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> In this context, &quot;Gandhigiri&quot; is sometimes juxtaposed to &quot;Dadagiri&quot; (bullying)&lt;ref name=&quot;hindushah0926&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> | url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/09/28/stories/2006092802241000.htm<br /> | title = Gandhigiri — a philosophy for our times<br /> | access-date = 2007-04-25<br /> | last = Shah<br /> | first = Mihir<br /> | date = 2006-09-28<br /> | work = Opinion, hinduonnet.com<br /> | publisher = The Hindu<br /> | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071102213433/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/09/28/stories/2006092802241000.htm<br /> | archive-date = 2007-11-02<br /> | url-status = usurped<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; (as it was in ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]],'' where [[Munna Bhai]] had to learn to give up &quot;Dadagiri&quot; in exchange for &quot;Gandhigiri&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;hindushah0926&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ndtv.com/features/showfeatures.asp?slug=Gandhigiri+inspires+young+generation&amp;id=1454 Gandhigiri inspires young generation]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Popularization of term==<br /> {{main|Lage Raho Munna Bhai}}<br /> <br /> ===Overview===<br /> ''Lage Raho Munna Bhai'' is a [[2006 in film|2006]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Musical film|musical]] [[Comedy film|comedy]] directed by [[Rajkumar Hirani]] and produced by [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]. [[Sanjay Dutt]] stars in this film as ''[[Munna Bhai]],'' a local don of [[Mumbai]] (Bombay), who begins to see the spirit of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. Through his interactions with the image of Gandhi, Munna Bhai begins to practice what he calls ''Gandhigiri'' to help ordinary people solve their problems.<br /> <br /> Some have argued that the thematic attention to Gandhi's theories in ''Lage Raho Munna Bhai'' has both revived an interest in ''[[Gandhism]]'' under the new term, ''Gandhigiri'' in [[India]]&lt;ref name=&quot;mridulatoi060929&quot;&gt;{{cite news | first=Mridula| last=Chunduri| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/-Gandhigiri-a-cool-way-to-live/articleshow/2038291.cms| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017170830/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-09-29/hyderabad/27786386_1_gandhigiri-gandhi-jayanti-gandhiji| url-status=live| archive-date=2012-10-17| title= Gandhigiri, a cool way to live| date=2006-09-29| work=[[The Times of India]]| access-date=2006-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; and has likewise &quot;made Gandhi suddenly hip. Inspired by the hit movie, Indians are increasingly embracing his philosophy, staging nonviolent protests, starting Web sites, handing out roses to enemies and putting on peaked white caps from the Gandhi era.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| first=Kim| last=Barker| url=https://www.bakwashack.ooo/2018/10/review-honor-8x-vs-realme-2-pro-vs-redmi-note-5-pro.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018201506/https://www.bakwashack.ooo/2018/10/review-honor-8x-vs-realme-2-pro-vs-redmi-note-5-pro.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=2018-10-18| title=Bollywood film is a hit - and so, again, is Gandhi| work=chicagotribune.com| publisher=Chicago Tribune| date=2006-10-30| access-date=2007-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indeed, according to reports, Gandhi is now a &quot;new pop icon&quot; in India&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters1002&quot;&gt;{{cite news | first=Y.P.| last=Rajesh| url=http://news.scotsman.com/latest_entertainment.cfm?id=1458642006| title= Bollywood gangster comedy makes Gandhi new pop icon|work=Latest News - Entertainment| publisher=scotsman.com| date=2006-10-02| access-date=2007-04-24}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt; and as Arunabha Ghosh notes, &quot;Gandhi, the man, was once the message. In the India of the post-[[P. V. Narasimha Rao#Economic reforms|liberalisation]] brand, Gandhigiri is the message.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Arunabha |last=Ghosh |url=http://www.epw.org.in/uploads/articles/10078.pdf |title=Lage Raho Munna Bhai: Unravelling Brand Gandhigiri: Gandhi, the man, was once the message. In post-liberalisation India, 'Gandhigiri' is the message |work=epw.org.in |publisher=The Economic and Political Weekly |date=2006-12-23 |access-date=2007-05-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701045732/http://www.epw.org.in/uploads/articles/10078.pdf |archive-date=2007-07-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Several websites and internet forums were created, encouraging people to return to the Gandhian philosophy.&lt;ref name=&quot;ndtvsharma0919&quot;&gt;{{cite news <br /> | first = Manu | last = Sharma | title = Gandhigiri inspires young generation | url = http://www.ndtv.com/features/showfeatures.asp?slug=Gandhigiri+inspires+young+generation&amp;id=1454<br /> | work = Features, ndtv.com | publisher =New Delhi Television Limited | date = 2006-09-19 | access-date = 2007-04-25 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Theories for this sudden revival vary. Some have suggested that this phenomenon could be attributed to the film simplifying Gandhi's &quot;lofty ideals&quot; and conveying them &quot;in contemporary, colloquial language.&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters1002&quot;/&gt; Others, according to ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'', have noted that the appeal of the film lies in the fact that &quot;Gandhi gets his hands dirty. He appears as an apparition only visible to the wayward gangster, counselling him on how to help others deal with everyday problems.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | first=Mark| last=Sappenfield| url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1003/p01s04-wosc.html| title=It took a comedy to revive Gandhi's ideals in India| work=csmonitor.com|publisher=The Christian Science Monitor| date=2006-10-03| access-date=2006-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Whatever the reason, a 13 October 2006 article in ''The [[Boston Globe]]'', suggests that the revival has had a positive impact in India and states, &quot;What America needs is a film that encourages people to take up Gandhigiri, [[Martin Luther King Jr.|Kinggiri]], or [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedygiri]]. If it worked for [[Bollywood]], it could work for [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]].&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharmaboston&quot;&gt;{{cite news | first=Swati Gauri| last=Sharma| url=https://archive.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/10/13/how_gandhi_got_his_mojo_back/| title=How Gandhi got his mojo back| work=boston.com|publisher=The New York Times Company |date=2006-10-13|access-date=2006-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Gandhigiri-style protests===<br /> [[File:Marche sel.jpg|thumb|200px|Gandhi leading [[Salt Satyagraha]], a notable example of [[Satyagraha]]]] <br /> Since the release of the film, there have been instances where peaceful protests were either dubbed &quot;Gandhigiri&quot; or the protesters have claimed that they have been inspired by the movie. In the [[United States]] during July 2007, piles of flowers were sent to the [[United States Citizenship and Immigration Services]] office by individuals who were legally in the U.S. but caught in a [[United States Permanent Resident Card|green card]] backlog. This was an act of Gandhigiri (or [[nonviolence|nonviolent]] protest) copied from ''Lage Raho Munna Bhai''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/gandhigiri-works-magic-for-indians-seeking-green-card/45233-2-7.html| title=Gandhigiri works magic for Indians seeking green card| work=[[CNN IBN]]| publisher=[[CNN IBN]]| date=2007-07-19| access-date=2007-07-18| archive-date=9 September 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070909063613/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/gandhigiri-works-magic-for-indians-seeking-green-card/45233-2-7.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; There have been positive reactions to this event. The USCIS shipped the flowers to the [[Walter Reed Army Medical Center]] and Bethesda Naval hospitals. A 15 July 2007 editorial in ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' argued, &quot;let's hope their protest gets results - because Americans are fortunate to have living among them people who are this ingenious, and this thoughtful of others, and this capable of channeling anger into beauty.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/bal-ed.flowers15jul15,0,5046454.story?coll=bal-opinion-headlines| archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117140605/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/bal-ed.flowers15jul15,0,5046454.story?coll=bal-opinion-headlines| url-status=dead| archive-date=2013-01-17| title=Flower power| work=Baltimore Sun| publisher=[[Baltimore Sun]]| date=2007-07-15| access-date=2007-07-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 17 July, the USCIS announced that &quot;it will accept applications from foreign professionals seeking permanent residency through an expedited process, reversing its earlier decision.&quot; USCIS Director, [[Emilio T. Gonzalez]] noted of the Gandhigiri protest, &quot;The public reaction to the July 2 announcement made it clear that the federal government's management of this process needs further review [...] I am committed to working with Congress and the State Department to implement a more efficient system in line with public expectations.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/gandhigiri-works-green-card-seekers-make-us-change-heart/45183-2.html| title='Gandhigiri works! Green Card seekers make US change heart| work=[[CNN IBN]]|publisher=[[CNN IBN]] |date=2007-07-18|access-date=2007-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[India]], farmers stage a protest with [[flowers]] in the [[Vidarbha]] region,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | first=Zubair| last=Ahmed| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6044476.stm| title=Gandhi-style protest by farmers| work=BBC News|publisher=BBC| date=2006-10-12|access-date=2006-10-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; and people who organized a protest in [[Lucknow]] claimed to have been inspired by ''Lage Raho Munna Bhai'' to use roses to convey their message.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | first=Sharat| last=Pradhan| url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/21sharat.htm| title=Lucknow citizens go Gandhian on liquor merchant| work=rediff.com|publisher=Rediff.com India Limited| date=2006-09-21| access-date=2007-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Lucknow students claimed to have been inspired by ''Lage Raho Munna Bhai'' to do volunteer work, planting trees &quot;to conserve nature which is bound to benefit public health.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://news.sawf.org/Bollywood/22195.aspx/Lucknow_residents_play_Munnabhais| title=Bollywood's Lage Raho Munna Bhai inspires Lucknow's medical students| work=sawf.org| publisher=Sawf News| date=2006-09-27| access-date=2006-09-29| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929100142/http://news.sawf.org/Bollywood/22195.aspx/Lucknow_residents_play_Munnabhais| archive-date=2007-09-29| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Organized crime|Mafia]] [[crime boss|don]] Babloo Srivastava claimed to have been inspired by ''Lago Raho Munna Bhai'' to distribute roses as a &quot;message of love and peace&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| author=Express News Service| url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=203119| title=Munnabhai effect: Guns to roses| work=expressindia.com| publisher=Indian Express Newspapers (Mumbai) Ltd| date=2006-09-27| access-date=2006-09-29| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114184032/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=203119| archive-date=2007-11-14| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{portal<br /> |Freedom of speech<br /> |Liberalism<br /> |Libertarianism<br /> |Biography<br /> |}}<br /> * [[Struggle session]], in [[Mao Zedong]]'s [[China]] <br /> * [[Two Minutes Hate]], from [[George Orwell|George Orwell's]] ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]''<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{cite news| url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/gandhigiri-works-magic-for-indians-seeking-green-card/45233-2-7.html| title=Gandhigiri works magic for Indians seeking green card| work=[[CNN IBN]]| publisher=[[CNN IBN]]| date=2007-07-19| access-date=2007-07-18| archive-date=9 September 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070909063613/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/gandhigiri-works-magic-for-indians-seeking-green-card/45233-2-7.html| url-status=dead}}<br /> *{{cite news | first=Mridula| last=Chunduri| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2038291.cms| title= Gandhigiri, a cool way to live| work=timesofindia.com|publisher=Times Internet Limited| date=2006-09-29| access-date=2006-09-29}}<br /> *Ghosh, Arunabha (23–29 December 2006). &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070701045732/http://www.epw.org.in/uploads/articles/10078.pdf Lage Raho Munna Bhai: Unravelling Brand Gandhigiri: Gandhi, the man, was once the message. In post-liberalisation India, 'Gandhigiri' is the message].&quot; ''Economic and Political Weekly'' '''41''' (51)<br /> *Ramachandaran, Shastri. &quot;[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060923/edit.htm#4 Jollygood Bollywood: Munnabhai rescues Mahatma].&quot; ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]],'' 23 September 2006.<br /> *Sappenfield, Mark. &quot;[https://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1003/p01s04-wosc.html It took a comedy to revive Gandhi's ideals in India].&quot; ''[[Christian Science Monitor]],'' 3 October 2006.<br /> *{{cite web<br /> | url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/09/28/stories/2006092802241000.htm<br /> | title = Gandhigiri — a philosophy for our times<br /> | access-date = 2007-04-25<br /> | last = Shah<br /> | first = Mihir<br /> | date = 2006-09-28<br /> | work = Opinion, hinduonnet.com<br /> | publisher = The Hindu<br /> | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071102213433/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/09/28/stories/2006092802241000.htm<br /> | archive-date = 2007-11-02<br /> | url-status = usurped<br /> }}<br /> *Sharma, Manu. [http://www.ndtv.com/features/showfeatures.asp?slug=Gandhigiri+inspires+young+generation&amp;id=1454 &quot;Gandhigiri inspires young generation&quot;]<br /> *Sharma, Swati Gauri. &quot;[https://archive.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/10/13/how_gandhi_got_his_mojo_back/ How Gandhi got his mojo back].&quot; ''[[Boston Globe]],'' 13 October 2006.<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Wiktionary|Gandhigiri}}<br /> <br /> {{Gandhi}}<br /> {{The Munna Bhai series}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cultural studies]]<br /> [[Category:Gandhism]]<br /> [[Category:Indian slang]]<br /> [[Category:Slang]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Grant_(Indian_Army_officer)&diff=475260 2025-11-20T08:45:51Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: general corrected page as per guidelines as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Army officer}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox military person<br /> | honorific_prefix = [[Field Marshal (British Army)|Field Marshal]]<br /> | name = Sir Patrick Grant<br /> | honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB|GCMG}}<br /> | image = File:Patrick Grant.jpg<br /> | image_size = 250<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1804|9|11|df=y}}<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|1895|3|28|1804|9|11|df=y}}<br /> | placeofburial_label = <br /> | placeofburial = <br /> | birth_place = [[Carrbridge]], [[Inverness-shire]], Scotland<br /> | death_place = [[Chelsea, London]], England<br /> | placeofburial_coordinates = &lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --&gt;<br /> | nickname = <br /> | allegiance = {{flag|United Kingdom}}<br /> | branch = [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]<br /> | serviceyears = 1820–1877<br /> | rank = [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]]<br /> | unit = <br /> | commands = [[Madras Army]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bengal Army]]<br /> | battles = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Gwalior campaign]]<br /> *[[First Anglo-Sikh War]]<br /> *[[Second Anglo-Sikh War]]<br /> *[[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]]<br /> }}<br /> | awards = [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]<br /> | relations = <br /> | laterwork = <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Sir Patrick Grant.jpg|thumb|Sir Patrick Grant]]<br /> [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Sir Patrick Grant''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|GCMG}} (11 September 1804 – 28 March 1895) was a senior [[British Indian Army|British Army]] officer who served in India. He fought at the [[Gwalior campaign#The Battle of Maharajpore|Battle of Maharajpore]] during the [[Gwalior campaign]], at the [[Battle of Mudki]], the [[Battle of Ferozeshah]] and the [[Battle of Sobraon]] during the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] and at the [[Battle of Chillianwala]] and the [[Battle of Gujrat]] during the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]]. During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]], as acting [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], he directed the operations against the mutineers, sending forces under [[Henry Havelock]] and [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|James Outram]] for the relief of [[Kanpur|Cawnpore]] and [[siege of Lucknow|Lucknow]]. He later became [[Governor of Malta]].<br /> <br /> ==Military career==<br /> Born at Auchterblair, near Carrbridge, Inverness-shire, Grant was the second son of Major John Grant of the [[97th (The Earl of Ulster's) Regiment of Foot|97th Regiment of Foot]] and Anna Trapaud Grant.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot; /&gt; He joined the [[Bengal Native Infantry]] as an [[ensign (rank)|ensign]] on 16 July 1820 and was promoted to lieutenant on 11 July 1823 and to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 14 May 1832.&lt;ref name=odnb&gt;{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/11281?docPos=2|title=Sir Patrick Grant |date=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/11281 |access-date=17 November 2013 |last1=Vetch |first1=R. H. |editor-first1=T. R. |editor-last1=Moreman }}&lt;/ref&gt; He became a brigade major in [[Oudh State|Oudh]] in 1834 and, having raised the Hariana Light Infantry in 1836, he became second assistant in the adjutant-general's department of the [[Bengal Presidency]] in 1838.&lt;ref name=odnb/&gt;<br /> <br /> Grant served under [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|Sir Hugh Gough]] as deputy assistant adjutant-general at the [[Gwalior campaign#The Battle of Maharajpore|Battle of Maharajpore]] in December 1843 during the [[Gwalior campaign]].&lt;ref name=heath150&gt;Heathcote, p. 150&lt;/ref&gt; Promoted to brevet major on 30 April 1844,&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=20339|page=1454|date=30 April 1844}}&lt;/ref&gt; he served as acting adjutant-general of the army at the [[Battle of Mudki]] in December 1845 (where he was twice wounded), at the [[Battle of Ferozeshah]] also in December 1845 and at the [[Battle of Sobraon]] in February 1846 during the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]].&lt;ref name=heath150/&gt; He became deputy adjutant-general of the [[Bengal Army]] in March 1846 and was promoted to brevet [[lieutenant colonel]] on 3 April 1846.&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=20591|page=1236|date=3 April 1846}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:The Battle of Goojerat on 21 February 1849.jpg|thumb|left|The Battle of Gujrat, at which Grant saw action, during the Second Anglo-Sikh War]]<br /> Grant also took part in the [[Battle of Chillianwala]] in January 1849 and the [[Battle of Gujrat]] in February 1849 during the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]].&lt;ref name=heath150/&gt; He later served under [[Charles James Napier|Sir Charles Napier]] in operations against the [[Pashtun people|Pathan]] tribes in [[Kohat]] in 1850.&lt;ref name=heath151&gt;Heathcote, p. 151&lt;/ref&gt; Appointed [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Queen Victoria|the Queen]]&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=21123|page=2133|date=2 August 1850}}&lt;/ref&gt; and promoted to brevet [[colonel]] on 2 August 1850, he was further promoted to brevet [[major-general]] on 28 November 1854&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=21658|page=431|date=6 February 1855}}&lt;/ref&gt; before becoming [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[Madras Army]] with the local rank of [[lieutenant-general]] on 25 January 1856.&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=21842|page=280|date=25 January 1856}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> When General [[George Anson (British Army officer, born 1797)|George Anson]] died of [[cholera]] on his march against the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|mutineers]] in May 1857, Grant, as senior commander in India, was summoned to [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] to become acting [[Commander-in-Chief, India]].&lt;ref name=heath151/&gt; From Calcutta he directed the operations against the mutineers, sending forces under [[Henry Havelock]] and [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|James Outram]] for the relief of [[Kanpur|Cawnpore]] and [[siege of Lucknow|Lucknow]].&lt;ref name=heath151/&gt; Although the [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy of India]], [[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning|Lord Canning]], had recommended that Grant be confirmed in the role of commander-in-chief, [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde|Sir Colin Campbell]] had already been nominated as Anson's successor.&lt;ref name=heath151/&gt; So on the arrival of Campbell from England in August 1857, Grant returned to command the Madras Army again.&lt;ref name=heath151/&gt;<br /> <br /> Grant returned to England in January 1861 and was promoted to the substantive rank of colonel on 14 November 1861&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=22597|page=724|date=11 February 1862}}&lt;/ref&gt; and to lieutenant-general on 24 October 1862.&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=22714|page=1357|date=6 March 1863}}&lt;/ref&gt; In February 1864 he was appointed to a [[Royal Commission]] formed to inquire into the best mode of realizing the value of [[Looting|booty of war]].&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=22816|page=553|date=5 February 1864}}&lt;/ref&gt; He became [[Governor of Malta]] in 1867 and was promoted to full general on 19 November 1870.&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=23683|page=5419|date=29 November 1870}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Governors of Malta - Sir Patrick Grant (1867-1872).jpg|thumb|Sir Patrick Grant, Governor of Malta (1867–1872)]]<br /> Grant was also colonel of the [[104th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Fusiliers)|104th Regiment of Foot]],&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=22677|page=5242|date=4 November 1862}}&lt;/ref&gt; of the [[78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot]]&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=22788|page=5361|date=13 November 1863}}&lt;/ref&gt; and then of the [[Royal Horse Guards]].&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=25536|page=5870|date=4 December 1885}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was placed on the retired list on 1 October 1877&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=24508|page=5455|date=2 October 1877}}&lt;/ref&gt; and promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] on 24 June 1883.&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=25281|page=5046|date=23 October 1883}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Grant also served as governor of the [[Royal Hospital Chelsea]] from February 1874&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=24075|page=1645|date=13 March 1874}}&lt;/ref&gt; until his death there on 28 March 1895.&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=26618|page=2354|date=23 April 1895}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is buried in [[Brompton Cemetery]], London.&lt;ref name=&quot;heath151&quot; /&gt; A memorial plaque to Grant can be found in [[Duthil Old Parish Church and Churchyard]], just outside the village of [[Duthil]], [[Inverness-shire]], which now also serves as a Clan Grant Centre.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.carrbridge.com/index.php/History/churches.html|title=Duthil Church|publisher=Carrbridge|access-date=8 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:PatrickGrantBrompton01.jpg|thumb|150px|Grant's grave at [[Brompton Cemetery]], London]]<br /> [[File:Duthil Old Parish Church and Churchyard - FM Grant 02.JPG|thumb|150px|Memorial to Grant at [[Duthil Old Parish Church and Churchyard]]]]<br /> ==Honours==<br /> Grant's honours included:<br /> *[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] (GCB) – 1 March 1861&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=22485|page=1006|date=1 March 1861}}&lt;/ref&gt; (KCB – 2 January 1857;&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=21955|page=12|date=2 January 1857}}&lt;/ref&gt; CB – 3 April 1846)&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=20592|page=1279|date=7 April 1846}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (GCMG) – January 1868&lt;ref name=odnb/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Family==<br /> In 1832, Grant married Jane Anne Fraser-Tytler, daughter of [[William Fraser Tytler|William Fraser-Tytler]]; they had two sons.&lt;ref name=odnb/&gt; Following the death of his first wife, he married secondly the Hon. Frances Maria Gough, daughter of Field Marshal [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough]], in 1844; they had five children (four sons, including [[Henry Grant (British Army officer)|Sir Henry]], and a daughter Frances).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BnaIMbumv8MC&amp;pg=PA324 |title=Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage, and Companionage |date=1888 |publisher=Dean and son |pages=618 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> His granddaughter [[Isabel Frances Grant]] was a notable historian and collector.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Sources==<br /> * {{cite book|last=Heathcote|first=Tony|title=The British Field Marshals, 1736–1997: A Biographical Dictionary |publisher= Leo Cooper|location=Barnsley|year= 1999|isbn= 0-85052-696-5}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-mil}}<br /> {{s-bef<br /> | before = [[George Anson (British Army officer, born 1797)|George Anson]]<br /> }} <br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title = [[Madras Army|Commander-in-Chief, Madras Army]]<br /> | years = 1856–1861<br /> }}<br /> {{s-aft<br /> | after = [[James Hope Grant|Sir James Grant]]<br /> }}<br /> |-<br /> {{succession box<br /> | title = [[Commander-in-Chief, India]]<br /> | before = [[George Anson (British Army officer, born 1797)|George Anson]]<br /> | after = [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde|The Lord Clyde]]<br /> | years = 1856–1857<br /> }}<br /> |-<br /> {{succession box<br /> | before = [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn|The Lord Strathnairn]]<br /> | title = Colonel of the [[Royal Horse Guards]]<br /> | years = 1885–1895<br /> | after = [[Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley|The Viscount Wolseley]]<br /> }}<br /> |-<br /> {{succession box<br /> | before = New regiment<br /> | title = Colonel of the 2nd Battalion, [[Seaforth Highlanders]]<br /> | years = 1881–1885<br /> | after = Sir [[William Parke (British Army officer)|William Parke]]<br /> }}<br /> |-<br /> {{succession box<br /> | before = Roderick Macneil<br /> | title = Colonel of the [[78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot]]<br /> | years = 1863–1881<br /> | after = Regiment amalgamated&lt;br&gt;to form the Seaforth Highlanders<br /> }}<br /> |-<br /> {{succession box<br /> | before = New regiment<br /> | title = Colonel of the [[104th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Fusiliers)]]<br /> | years = 1862–1863<br /> | after = Sir [[George Bell (British Army officer)|George Bell]]<br /> }}<br /> {{s-off}}<br /> {{succession box<br /> | title = [[Governor of Malta]]<br /> | years = 1867–1872<br /> | before = [[Henry Knight Storks|Sir Henry Storks]]<br /> | after = [[Charles van Straubenzee|Sir Charles van Straubenzee]]<br /> }}<br /> {{s-hon}}<br /> {{s-bef<br /> | before = [[Sydney Cotton|Sir Sydney Cotton]]<br /> }}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title = [[Royal Hospital Chelsea#List of Governors|Governor, Royal Hospital Chelsea]]<br /> | years = 1874–1895<br /> }}<br /> {{s-aft<br /> | after = [[Sir Donald Stewart, 1st Baronet|Sir Donald Stewart]]<br /> }} <br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{Governors of Malta}}<br /> {{Commander-in-Chief, India}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Grant, Patrick}}<br /> [[Category:1804 births]]<br /> [[Category:1895 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Military personnel from Highland (council area)]]<br /> [[Category:British military personnel of the First Anglo-Sikh War]]<br /> [[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Sikh War]]<br /> [[Category:Clan Grant|Patrick]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]<br /> [[Category:British Commanders-in-Chief of India]]<br /> [[Category:British field marshals]]<br /> [[Category:Burials at Brompton Cemetery]]<br /> [[Category:Governors and governors-general of Malta]]<br /> [[Category:British East India Company Army officers]]<br /> [[Category:British military personnel of the Gwalior Campaign]]<br /> [[Category:Royal Horse Guards officers]]<br /> [[Category:People from Badenoch and Strathspey]]<br /> [[Category:Commanders-in-chief of Madras]]<br /> [[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yeh_Chanda_Kanoon_Hai&diff=473390 2025-11-17T05:47:26Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: general adjusted article based on references and fixed typos</p> <hr /> <div>#Redirect[[List of programmes broadcast by Sony SAB#Comedy series]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect shell|<br /> {{R from merge}}<br /> {{R to section}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Sony SAB original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2009 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2010 Indian television series endings]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maricha,_Bhangar&diff=468536 2025-09-27T16:49:22Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: rework structure for accuracy and improved wording</p> <hr /> <div>{{Distinguish|Maricha}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Maricha<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | settlement_type = Census Town<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | imagesize = 300px<br /> | image_caption = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India<br /> | pushpin_mapsize = 300<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|22.5080|N|88.5940|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = State<br /> | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = District<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[South 24 Parganas]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = CD block<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Bhangar I]]<br /> | established_title = <br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 0.81<br /> | area_rank = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 9<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_total = 4842<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]&lt;ref name=&quot;wblangoff&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=5 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=5 July 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | demographics1_title2 = Additional&amp;nbsp;official<br /> | demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]]&lt;ref name=&quot;wblangoff&quot;/&gt;<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = PIN<br /> | postal_code = 743502<br /> | area_code = +91 3218<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | registration_plate = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-19 to [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-22, [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-95 to [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-99<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bhangar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhangar]]<br /> | website = {{URL|www.s24pgs.gov.in}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Maricha''' is a [[census town]] within the jurisdiction of the [[Bhangar Raghunathpur|Bhangar]] police station in the [[Bhangar I]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the [[Baruipur subdivision]] of the [[South 24 Parganas]] district in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> {{OSM Location map<br /> | width=350| height=250| zoom=10<br /> | coord={{coord|22|29|0|N|88|31|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the northern part of Baruipur subdivision (including Sonarpur, Bhangar I &amp; II CD blocks) in South 24 Parganas district'''&lt;br/&gt;M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood&lt;br/&gt;Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly<br /> |mark-coord1={{coord|22|27|5|N|88|28|18|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Radhanagar| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Radhanagar, Sonarpur]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2<br /> |mark-coord2={{coord|22|25|10|N|88|21|25|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Danga | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Danga, Sonarpur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord3={{coord|22|26|0|N|88|22|25|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Ramchandrapur | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Ramchandrapur, Sonarpur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord4={{coord|22|24|35|N|88|27|13|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Bidyadharpur | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Bidyadharpur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord5={{coord|22|25|20|N|88|30|30|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Kalikapur | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Kalikapur, Sonarpur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord6={{coord|22|26|15|N|88|31|10|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Chak Baria | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Chak Baria]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord7={{coord|22|23|45|N|88|29|30|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7=Sahebpur | numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Sahebpur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord8={{coord|22|26|55|N|88|25|5|E}} | label-pos8=top|label8=Rajpur Sonarpur| numbered8=M| mark-title8= [[Rajpur Sonarpur]] (M) |shape-color8=#800000<br /> |mark-coord9={{coord|22|26|50|N|88|23|48|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Narendrapur| numbered9=N| mark-title9= [[Narendrapur]] (N)|shape-color9=#C42222<br /> |mark-coord10={{coord|22|24|25|N|88|26|5|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Subhashgram| numbered10=N| mark-title10= [[Subhashgram]] (N)|shape-color10=#C42222<br /> |mark-coord11={{coord|22|30|30|N|88|35|38|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11=Maricha | numbered11=CT| mark-title11= Maricha, Bhangar (CT)|shape-color11=black| label-size11=13|label-color11=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;<br /> |mark-coord12={{coord|22|31|10|N|88|30|34|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Bhangar Raghunathpur | numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Bhangar Raghunathpur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord13={{coord|22|30|25|N|88|37|0|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Gobindapur| numbered13=CT| mark-title13= [[Gobindapur, Bhangar]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord14={{coord|22|30|10|N|88|27|32|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Bantala| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Bantala]] (R)|shape-color14=#C42222<br /> |mark-coord15={{coord|22|34|35|N|88|35|12|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Uttar Kasipur| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Uttar Kasipur]] (R)|shape-color15=#C42222<br /> |mark-coord16={{coord|22|29|35|N|88|36|4|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Nalmuri| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Nalmuri]] (R)|shape-color16=#C42222<br /> |mark-coord17={{coord|22|32|48|N|88|38|22|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Jirongachhi| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Jirongachhi]] (R)|shape-color17=#C42222<br /> |mark-coord18={{coord|22|25|20|N|88|25|7|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Harinavi| numbered18=N| mark-title18= [[Harinavi]] (N)|shape-color18=#C42222}}<br /> <br /> ===Area overview===<br /> Baruipur subdivision is a rural subdivision with moderate levels of urbanization. 31.05% of the population lives in the urban areas and 68.95% lives in the rural areas. In the northern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 10 [[census town]]s. The entire district is situated in the [[Ganges Delta]] and the northern part of the subdivision is a flat plain bordering the metropolis of [[Kolkata]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 South Twety-four Parganas |work = Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 December 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf| title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory |work= Page 13, Physiography| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 5 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = Chapter 9: Sundarbans and the Remote Islanders, p 290-311 | publisher = Development &amp; Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 5 December 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Location===<br /> Maricha is located at {{coord|22.5080|N|88.5940|E}}. It has an average elevation of {{convert|9|m}}.<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Maricha had a total population of 4,842, of which 2,456 (51%) were males and 2,386 (49%) were females. There were 634 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate persons in Maricha was 3,161 (75.12% of the population over 6 years).&lt;ref name=census2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 11 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Infrastructure==<br /> According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Maricha covered an area of 0.8063&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Among the civic amenities, the protected water supply involved overhead tank and service reservoir. It had 417 domestic electric connections. Among the educational facilities it had were 1 primary school, the nearest middle school, the nearest secondary school, the nearest senior secondary school and the nearest general degree college at [[Bhangar Raghunathpur]] 2.5/3&amp;nbsp;km away.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook South Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 999-1006 Statement I: Status and Growth History, Pages 1006-1010; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 1010-1015; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 1015-1019; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 1019-1027 Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 1027- 1029: Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 9 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> Maricha is on the [[State Highway 3 (West Bengal)|State Highway 3]].&lt;ref&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Healthcare==<br /> Nalmuri Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, at [[Nalmuri]], is the major government medical facility in the Bhangar I CD block.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health &amp; Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =11 November 2019 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|3}}<br /> <br /> {{South 24 Parganas}}<br /> {{South 24 Parganas topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in South 24 Parganas district]]<br /> [[Category:Neighbourhoods in Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:Kolkata Metropolitan Area]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Osman_Ismail&diff=453364 2025-09-19T06:21:06Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: minor cleanup formatting after review additionally and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Sudanese politician}}<br /> {{BLP sources|date=February 2011}}<br /> [[File:Ambassadors’ Roundtable on Investing in the SDGs (44653871455).jpg|thumb|Mustafa Osman Ismail]]<br /> '''Mustafa Osman Ismail''' (born 1955 in [[Dongola]], [[Sudan]]) was the head of the [[National Congress (Sudan)|National Congress Party]], the ruling party in Sudan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| last1=Surkes | first1=Sue |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/sudan-said-willing-to-consider-normalizing-ties-with-israel/|title = Sudan said willing to consider normalizing ties with Israel|website = [[The Times of Israel]] | date=21 January 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ismail was the [[Foreign Minister of Sudan]] from 18 February 1998&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/7420/conversation_with_mustafa_osman_ismail.html|title=A Conversation with Mustafa Osman Ismail|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|accessdate=19 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719031002/http://www.cfr.org/publication/7420/conversation_with_mustafa_osman_ismail.html|archive-date=19 July 2006|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; to 18 September 2005.<br /> <br /> His main job as foreign minister was to be the government's main spokesman in diplomatic efforts to solve the Sudanese civil wars. He was the longest-serving foreign minister in Sudanese history. He was replaced by southerner [[Lam Akol]] when the national unity government took office. Ismail was appointed Presidential Advisor after stepping down as Foreign Minister. He has been on many official trips abroad and has been criticized as being an active shadow Foreign Minister for the National Congress Party. His tireless efforts at unsuccessfully mediating crises outside of Sudan, roles in the domestic politics of the National Congress Party and his long tenure in public office have drawn the criticism of sections of the Sudanese media.{{fact|date=October 2024}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> {{S-start}}<br /> {{Succession box| before = [[Ali Osman Taha]] | title=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Sudan)|Foreign Minister of Republic of Sudan]] | years=January 20, 1996 &amp;ndash; January 20, 2005| after = [[Lam Akol]]}}<br /> {{S-end}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ismail, Mustafa Osman}}<br /> [[Category:1955 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Dongola]]<br /> [[Category:National Congress Party (Sudan) politicians]]<br /> [[Category:University of Khartoum alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Alumni of the University of Leeds]]<br /> [[Category:Alumni of the University of Bristol]]<br /> [[Category:Academic staff of the University of Khartoum]]<br /> [[Category:Foreign ministers of Sudan]]<br /> [[Category:State ministers of Sudan]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Sudan-politician-stub}}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punkunnam&diff=473856 2025-09-18T09:48:10Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: further corrected citations to improve readability and added references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Punkunnam<br /> | other_name = Punkunnu<br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Neighbourhood<br /> | image_skyline = Punkunnam Skyline.JPG<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Kerala#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|10.535249|N|76.20147|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = [[Thrissur Municipal Corporation]]<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --&gt;<br /> | postal_code = 680002<br /> | registration_plate = KL-08<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Thrissur]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Thrissur Municipal Corporation]]<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Punkunnam''' is a commercial and residential neighbourhood in the city of [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]], India. It is 2&amp;nbsp;km away from the [[Swaraj Round]]. Punkunnam is home to the renowned [[Punkunnam Siva Temple]]. Sitaram Textiles is situated here. It was established in the early 1940s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url = http://www.tsr.kerala.gov.in/sectors.htm<br /> |title = INDUSTRIES<br /> |publisher = Thrissur District<br /> |access-date = 2010-09-18<br /> |url-status = dead<br /> |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120218134049/http://www.tsr.kerala.gov.in/sectors.htm<br /> |archive-date = 2012-02-18<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; The spinning wing has the capacity of 12,000 spindles. The mill also has a capacity to process 40,000 meters of cloth every day.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news<br /> |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/03/stories/2005070308690300.htm<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114071208/http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/03/stories/2005070308690300.htm<br /> |url-status=dead<br /> |archive-date=2007-11-14<br /> |title=Minister promises measures to revive Sitaram Mills<br /> |access-date=2010-09-18<br /> |location=Chennai, India<br /> |work=[[The Hindu]]<br /> |date=2005-07-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Poonkunnam Railway Station]] provides rail connectivity to other parts of Kerala and India. Punkunnam is witnessing a real estate boom.<br /> <br /> ==Development==<br /> There are several Banks functioning in Punkunnam. [[Dhanlaxmi Bank]] (zonal office and Corporate centre), [[South Indian Bank]], [[Catholic Syrian Bank]], [[Canara Bank]], [[Bank of Baroda]], [[Punjab National Bank]], [[State Bank of India]], [[Federal Bank]] and [[HDFC Bank]] has got branches at Punkunnam. The bottle neck at poonkunam was removed by demolishing the old buildings at the junction with the co-operation of owners and Thrissur corporation pave a way to the development of the place. The headquarters of [[Kalyan Jewellers|Kalyan Jewelers]], the largest jewelry chain in India is situated at Punkunnam. The infertility clinic KARE of Dr Krishnankutty is situated at Punkunnam.<br /> <br /> ==Religion==<br /> [[File:kuttankulangara.jpg|thumb|right|Kuttankulangara Temple]]<br /> [[File:Punkunnam Siva Temple.JPG|thumb|One among the three main Siva Temples of Thrissur]]<br /> [[File:Punkunnam Church.JPG|thumb|Punkunnam Church, Thrissur]]<br /> {{unreferenced section|date=August 2021}}<br /> Punkunnam has some of the famous temples in [[Thrissur]] city like [[Punkunnam Siva Temple]], [[Punkunnam Seetha Ramaswamy Temple]], [[Kuttankulangara Sri Krishna Temple]] and Sri Sankarankulangara Temple. Punkunnam Seetha Ramaswamy Temple have got a Ratholsavam festival which is second after Kalpathy ratholsavam. Besides these temples Punkunnam have also got a Christian church.<br /> Pushpagiri Agraharam is situated at Punkunnam where the majority of the residents here are [[Tamil Brahmin]]s. Kerala Brahmana Sabha Thrissur Unit, is situated at Pushpagiri Agraharam, Punkunnam.<br /> <br /> ==Notable residents==<br /> * [[T.S. Kalyanaraman]] — chairman and managing director of [[Kalyan Jewellers]]<br /> * [[Priya Prakash Varrier]] — actress, model, and singer<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of Thrissur Corporation wards]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category|Poonkunnam}}<br /> *[https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;hl=en&amp;t=k&amp;msa=0&amp;msid=114038809751246788218.000440d8cff499fc85a7c&amp;ll=10.535851,76.204423&amp;spn=0.00655,0.009001&amp;z=17 Satellite image of Poonkunnam]<br /> <br /> {{Thrissur topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Suburbs of Thrissur city]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yogendra_Tikku&diff=546269 2025-08-31T03:27:37Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: New - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian actor}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=August 2024}}<br /> <br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | image = Yogendra Tiku Neerja Bash.jpg<br /> | caption = Tiku at the success bash of his film ''[[Neerja]]'' in 2016<br /> | birth_place = [[Prayagraj]], Uttar Pradesh, India<br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Yogendra Tiku''' is an Indian film, television and stage actor, born and brought up at [[Prayagraj]]. He has been successful in entertainment industries including theater plays, TV serials and Bollywood movies, like ''[[No One Killed Jessica]]'' (2011), ''[[Queen (2013 film)|Queen]]'' (2014),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = No One Killed Jessica |publisher= Variety <br /> | url = https://variety.com/2011/film/reviews/no-one-killed-jessica-1117944281/|date=11 January 2011| access-date = 2014-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Neerja]]'', ''[[Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Filmography: Yogendra Tikku - Actor |url=https://elcinema.com/en/person/2129438/filmography |work=elCinema.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He appeared latest in the movie ''[[His Story of Itihaas]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Subodh Bhave starrer ‘His Story of Itihaas’ set to release on THIS date |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/subodh-bhave-starrer-his-story-of-itihaas-set-to-release-on-this-date-13884485.html |work=Firstpost |date=30 April 2025 |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Production credits ==<br /> *''[[Pappa Ko Ho Gaya Pyar]]''<br /> *''[[Paisa Paisa Paisa]]''<br /> *''[[Shakuntala]]'' (writer and director)<br /> *''[[Mahavir]]''... (writer and director)<br /> *''Beeswin'' (writer)<br /> *''Gandhi'' (Writer)<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> ===Actor===<br /> *''[[English August]]'' (1994)<br /> *''[[Everybody Says I'm Fine!]]'' (2001)<br /> *''[[No One Killed Jessica]]'' (2011)<br /> *''[[Losing Gemma]]'' (2006)<br /> *''[[Dabangg 2]]'' (2012)<br /> *''[[Bajatey Raho]]'' (2013)<br /> *''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]'' (2014)<br /> *''[[Ankhon Dekhi]]'' (2014)<br /> *''[[Neerja]]'' (2016)<br /> *''[[Fan (2016 film)|Fan]]'' (2016)<br /> *[[Brij Mohan Amar Rahe]] (2018)<br /> *''[[Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran]]'' (2018)<br /> *''[[The Zoya Factor (film)|Zoya Factor]]'' (2019)<br /> *''[[Chaman Bahaar|Chaman Bahar]]'' (2020)<br /> * ''[[Kakuda (film)|Kakuda]]'' (2024)<br /> * ''[[His Story of Itihaas]]'' (2025)<br /> ; Television<br /> <br /> *[[Rangbaaz (web series)|Rangbaz]] (Web series ) Zee5<br /> * Home Sweet Office (Web series on YouTube)<br /> *''Love Ka Hai Intezaar''<br /> *''[[Bas Itna Sa Khwab Hai]]''<br /> *''[[Shadow on the Sun]]''<br /> *''[[One Day in Bhopal]]''<br /> * ''[[Dupahiya]]''<br /> * Mitti<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|0863171}}<br /> * {{Bollywood Hungama person|yogendra-tikku}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Tikku, Yogendra}}<br /> [[Category:1953 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]]<br /> [[Category:Kashmiri actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Prayagraj]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male stage actors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male television actors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male voice actors]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gudivada_bus_station&diff=501271 2025-08-26T15:41:36Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: started data.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Bus station in Andhra Pradesh, India}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox station<br /> | name = Gudivada bus station<br /> | address = [[Gudivada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|16|25|52|N|80|59|49|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | owned = [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|APSRTC]]<br /> | bus_operators = [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|APSRTC]], [[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation|TSRTC]], [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]], [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|TNSTC]]<br /> | structure = Standard (on-ground)<br /> | parking = Yes<br /> | website = https://www.apsrtconline.in/oprs-web/<br /> | map_type = India Andhra Pradesh#India<br /> | map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh##Location in India<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Gudivada bus station''' is a bus station located in [[Gudivada]] city of the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is owned and operated by [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]]. It is one of the major [[bus station]]s in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=List of bus stations in Andhra Pradesh districts |url=http://apsrtc.gov.in/Bus%20Stations.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322233330/http://apsrtc.gov.in/Bus%20Stations.aspx |archive-date=22 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Srinivas |first=Rajulapudi |date=2015-05-06 |title=Security forces deployed at bus stations in AP |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/APSRTC-strike-Security-forces-deployed-at-bus-stations/article60328813.ece |access-date=2022-03-11 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Infrastructure ==<br /> The station is equipped with a [[Bus garage|bus depot]] for the storage and maintenance of buses.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=APSRTC Depots (CONTACT NUMBERS AND MAIL IDS OF DEPOT MANAGERS) |url=https://www.apsrtc.ap.gov.in/Depots.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Services ==<br /> Gudivada bus station primarily serves [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] and has daily bus services to almost every city and town in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and there are also bus services to major cities and towns which are located in [[Karnataka]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Telangana]]. Courier and logistics services by [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|APSRTC]] are also available at Gudivada bus station&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=APSRTC Logistics Service |url=https://www.apsrtc.ap.gov.in/Apsrtc%20logistics.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Renovation ==<br /> Currently{{When|date=August 2025}}, the bus station is undergoing expansion and related development works are under progress.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Laying foundation stone for Gudivada Bus Station renovation works - 02.07.2021 | date=2 July 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQU-b7J-IU4 |language=en |access-date=2022-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2021-07-03 |title=Gudivada bus station to be named after CM: Minister Perni Nani |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/gudivada-bus-station-to-be-named-after-cm-minister-perni-nani-693853 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Bus stations in Andhra Pradesh}}{{India-transport-stub}}<br /> [[Category:Bus stations in Andhra Pradesh]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Criminal_Intelligence&diff=464271 2025-08-14T02:54:03Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: cleanup references further and fixed typos</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|British Indian intelligence agency}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox government agency<br /> | name = Department of Criminal Intelligence<br /> | type = <br /> | logo = <br /> | image = <br /> | formed = {{Start date|1904|04|}}<br /> | preceding1 = [[Thagi and Dakaiti Department]]<br /> | dissolved = <br /> | superseding1 = [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]]<br /> | agency_type = Intelligence agency<br /> | jurisdiction = [[British India]]<br /> | status = Superseded<br /> | headquarters = [[Shimla]], British India<br /> | motto = <br /> | employees = <br /> | budget = <br /> | chief1_position = Director<br /> | chief2_position = Deputy Director<br /> | parent_department = Home Department<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Department of Criminal Intelligence''' ('''DCI'''), originally called '''Central Criminal Intelligence Department''' ('''CCID'''), was the [[Central government|central]] foreign and domestic [[intelligence agency]] of the [[Government of India Act 1858|Government of India]] during the [[British Raj]]. It was established by [[Lord Curzon]], the then [[Viceroy of India]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Popplewell&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|surname1=Popplewell|given1=Richard J.|year=1995|title=Intelligence and Imperial Defence: British Intelligence and the Defence of the Indian Empire 1904–1924 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H44J2uDSE2cC&amp;pg=PA42|publisher=Routledge|page=42|isbn=0-7146-4580-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; based on the Indian Police Commission report submitted on 30 May 1903 under the chairmanship of [[Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser]], which examined and recommended reforms in Indian police system. [[Sir Harold Stuart]] was appointed as the first director of DIC.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Riddick |first=John F. |year=2006 |title=The History of British India |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=0-313-32280-5 |page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Curzon also established [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|Criminal Investigation Departments]] (CID) in all [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|provinces]] of British India.&lt;ref name=&quot;Popplewell&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> DCI later became the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Vappala |date=5 May 2020 |title=How Viceroy Lord Mayo's Assassination Led to Creation Of India's First Intelligence Bureau |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/opinion-how-viceroy-lord-mayos-assassination-led-to-creation-of-indias-first-intelligence-bureau-news-352084 |work=[[Outlook India]] |access-date=15 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1904 establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Indian intelligence agencies]]<br /> [[Category:Government agencies established in 1904]]<br /> [[Category:Government agencies of India]]<br /> [[Category:Federal law enforcement agencies of India]]</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Angadiath&diff=505009 2025-07-31T18:39:50Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: new</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian prelate of the Catholic Church (born 1945)}}<br /> {{BLP one source|date=July 2013}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox Christian leader<br /> | type = <br /> | honorific-prefix = [[Mar (title)|Mar]]<br /> | name = Jacob Angadiath<br /> | honorific-suffix = <br /> | title = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of St. Thomas of Chicago|Bishop Emeritus of Syro-Malabar Diocese of Chicago]]<br /> | image = Bishop-angadiath.jpg<br /> | image_size = <br /> | caption = <br /> | church = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br /> | archdiocese = <br /> | diocese = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of St. Thomas of Chicago]]<br /> | appointed = March 13, 2001<br /> | enthroned = July 1, 2001<br /> | retired = July 3, 2022<br /> | predecessor = '''First Eparch'''<br /> | successor = Mar [[Joy Alappatt]]<br /> | other_post = &lt;!---------- Orders ----------&gt;<br /> | ordination = January 5, 1972<br /> | ordained_by = <br /> | consecration = July 1, 2001<br /> | consecrated_by = [[Varkey Vithayathil]], Joseph Pallikaparampil, and [[Kuriakose Kunnacherry]]<br /> &lt;!---------- Personal details ----------&gt;| birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|09|26}}<br /> | birth_place = Periappuram, [[Travancore]], [[British India]]<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | buried = <br /> | nationality = <br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | previous_post = Vicar<br /> | coat_of_arms = <br /> | motto = To love, to serve<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox bishopstyles <br /> | name= Jacob Angadiath<br /> | dipstyle= <br /> *[[Mar (title)|Mar]] <br /> | offstyle=[[Mar (title)|Mar]] <br /> | relstyle=[[Eparch]] <br /> | image =<br /> | image_size =<br /> }}<br /> ''' Mar Jacob Angadiath'''<br /> (born October 26, 1945) is an Indian [[prelate]] of the [[Catholic Church]]; he was serving as the first [[bishop]] of the [[St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago]] from July 2001 until his retirement on July 3, 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Bishop Jacob Angadiath|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bangad.html|work=Catholic Hierarchy|accessdate=29 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> <br /> Angadiath was born on October 26, 1945, at Periappuram in the [[Kingdom of Cochin|princely state of Cochin]] (modern day [[Ernakulam District]], [[Kerala]]) in India. He was sent to Dallas, Texas, in 1984 under the auspices of the Overseas Mission of the Syro-Malabar Church to initiate a Syro-Malabar ministry in the United States. On July 25, 1992, the St Thomas Syro Malabar Mission Dallas was the first church to be consecrated with Fr. Jacob Angadiath as the first pastor. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bishop Mar Jacob Angadiath {{!}} St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Diocese|url=https://www.stthomasdiocese.org/bishop-mar-jacob-angadiath|access-date=2021-04-27|website=www.stthomasdiocese.org|archive-date=April 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427230401/https://www.stthomasdiocese.org/bishop-mar-jacob-angadiath|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{portal bar|Biography|Catholicism|Illinois}} <br /> {{Div col|colwidth=30em}}<br /> * [[Catholic Church hierarchy]]<br /> * [[Catholic Church in the United States]]<br /> * [[Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States]]<br /> * [[List of Catholic bishops of the United States]]<br /> * [[Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> ==Episcopal succession==<br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-rel|ca}}<br /> {{succession box <br /> |title=[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of St. Thomas of Chicago|Eparch of St. Thomas of Chicago]] <br /> |before= First Eparch<br /> |after= [[Joy Alappat]]<br /> |years= 2001–2022 | }}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{Syro-Malabar Catholic Church Hierarchy|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Catholicism}}<br /> {{Syriac Christianity}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{wikiquote}}<br /> {{commonscat}}<br /> <br /> *[http://www.stthomasdiocese.org/ Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of St. Thomas of Chicago Official Site]<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Angadiath, Jacob}}<br /> [[Category:1945 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Syro-Malabar bishops]]<br /> [[Category:Eastern Catholic bishops in the United States]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Eastern Catholic bishops]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{SyroMalabar-bishop-stub}}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anaipaar_Island&diff=486230 2025-07-25T16:25:58Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: adding the article and citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Island in Tamil Nadu, South India}}<br /> {{Infobox islands<br /> | name = Anaipaar Island<br /> | native_name =Anaipar Tivu<br /> | sobriquet = &lt;!-- or nickname --&gt;<br /> | image_name = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | locator_map = <br /> | locator_map_size = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | location = <br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|09.1080|N|78.414164|E|region:IN_type:isle|display=inline,title}}<br /> | archipelago = <br /> | total_islands = <br /> | major_islands = <br /> | area_km2 = 0.126523<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | rank = <br /> | length_km = &lt;!-- or length m --&gt;<br /> | length_footnotes = <br /> | width_km = &lt;!-- or width m --&gt;<br /> | width_footnotes =<br /> | coastline_km = &lt;!-- or coastline m --&gt;<br /> | coastline_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | highest_mount = &lt;!--name--&gt;<br /> | Country_heading = <br /> | country = India<br /> | country_admin_divisions_title = State<br /> | country_admin_divisions = Tamil Nadu<br /> | country_admin_divisions_title_1 = District<br /> | country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram ]]<br /> | country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Taluk<br /> | country_admin_divisions_2 = <br /> | country_capital = <br /> | country_largest_city = <br /> | country_largest_city_population = <br /> | country_leader_title = <br /> | country_leader_name = <br /> | country_1 = <br /> | country_1_admin_divisions_title = <br /> | country_1_admin_divisions = <br /> | country_1_admin_divisions_title_1 = <br /> | country_1_admin_divisions_1 = <br /> | country_1_admin_divisions_title_2 = <br /> | country_1_admin_divisions_2 = <br /> | country_1_capital_city = <br /> | country_1_largest_city = <br /> | country_1_largest_city_population = <br /> | country_1_leader_title = <br /> | country_1_leader_name = <br /> | demonym = <br /> | population = <br /> | population_as_of =<br /> | density_km2 = <br /> | density_footnotes = <br /> | ethnic_groups = <br /> | website = <br /> | additional_info = <br /> }}<br /> '''Anaipar Tivu''' or '''Anaipaar Island''' is an [[island]] located in the [[Gulf of Mannar]] in the [[Ramanathapuram district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[southern India]].&lt;ref name= GMBRT1&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/WildBiodiversity/np_gmmnp.html|title= Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park - Tamil Nadu Forest Dept. (GOMNP)|accessdate= 2007-10-15|author= Shaunak B Modi|year= 2011|publisher= Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust|archive-date= 2007-11-02|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071102053914/http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/WildBiodiversity/np_gmmnp.html|url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Description== <br /> Anaipaar island is 70 km from [[Thoothukudi|Thoothukudi port]] and 13 km from the lower shore. It is an uninhabited island having an area of 0.126523 sq.km. It is a part of 21 islands of [[Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park|Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere]]. The island is part of the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, protected since 1980 under IUCN, Category II.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title =Anaipar Tivu / Anaipaar Island|url=https://dwiep.ncscm.res.in/Island/IslandDetails/INTN021 | accessdate=21 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Gulf of Mannar]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Gulf of Mannar]]<br /> [[Category:Islands of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Ramanathapuram district]]<br /> [[Category:Uninhabited islands of India]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Island-stub}}<br /> {{Ramanathapuram-geo-stub}}</div>

KeishaBadham8 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghulam_Mohammad_Shah&diff=459832 2025-07-24T04:28:32Z

<p>KeishaBadham8: minor edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{other people||Ghulam Mohammad (disambiguation){{!}}Ghulam Mohammad}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> |office = 5th [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]]([[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|state]])<br /> |term_start = 2 July 1984 <br /> |term_end = 6 March 1986<br /> |predecessor = [[Farooq Abdullah]]<br /> |successor = [[Governor's Rule]]<br /> |office1 = President and founder of [[Jammu and Kashmir Awami National Conference]]<br /> |successor1 = [[Begum Khalida Shah]] <br /> | relations = [[Farooq Abdullah]] brother, Muzaffar Shah (son)<br /> | spouse = [[Begum Khalida Shah]] daughter of [[Sheikh Abdullah]]<br /> |party = [[Jammu and Kashmir Awami National Conference]]<br /> |education = [[Punjab University (Chandigarh)|Punjab University]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Aligarh Muslim University]]&lt;br /&gt;[[London School of Economics]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ghulam Mohammad Shah''' or '''G. M. Shah''' or '''Gul Shah''' (20 July 1920 &amp;ndash; 6 January 2009) was an Indian politician who was [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir|Chief Minister]] of the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot;&gt;{{Cite book | last = Austin | first = Granville | title = Working a Democratic Constitution - A History of the Indian Experience | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1999 | location = New Delhi | pages = [https://archive.org/details/workingdemocrati00aust/page/n339 546] | url =https://archive.org/details/workingdemocrati00aust| url-access = limited | isbn = 019565610-5 }}&lt;/ref&gt; from 2 July 1984 to 6 March 1986. He succeeded his brother-in-law [[Farooq Abdullah]]. Shah's father-in-law was [[Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah]], the founder of the [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]], of which Shah was once a senior member. Shah died on 6 January 2009 at the Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences in [[Srinagar]]. He was 88.&lt;ref&gt;[http://etalaat.com/english/News/state-scan/4211.html Former CM and ANC patron passes away]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Ghulam Mohammad Shah was born in Srinagar (Kashmir) on 20 July 1920. He completed his bachelor's degree from [[Punjab University (Chandigarh)|Punjab University]]. Later, he pursued a degree in Law from [[Aligarh Muslim University]]. He also got Fellowship from London School of Economics in the field of Agriculture Economics under the United Nations Fellowship Programme.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 31, 1984|first=Prabhu|last= Chawla|title=There is not even a single area in which Kashmir has not suffered: G.M. Shah|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19840731-there-is-not-even-a-single-area-in-which-kashmir-has-not-suffered-g.m.-shah-803176-1984-07-31|access-date=2020-12-16|website=India Today|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He joined National Conference in 1944. Right at the inception of his political career, he was detained several times in his struggle for people's rights. Shah was also the eldest son-in-law of former Chief Minister of the State, Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah, brother-in-law of Dr Farooq Abdullah and uncle of the former Chief Minister, Omar Abdullah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Majid|first=Zulfikar|date=14 March 2015|title=Former CM G M Shah is no more|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/more/former-cm-g-m-shah-is-no-more|access-date=2021-12-20|website=Greater Kashmir|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> After the formation of popular Government in 1947, Shah was appointed as Controller of Supplies and Prices, a post he held till 1953. After extended incarceration of nearly eight years and following the [[Indira–Sheikh Accord|1975 Indira-Abdullah Accord]], Shah was inducted as a Minister of State in the Government. Shah is also known for masterminding the [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] campaign in the 1977 elections, which the party won. He was later sworn in as a cabinet minister and held portfolios of Transport, Food &amp; Supplies, Trade Agencies, Estate Works, and Power.<br /> <br /> Shah became [[List of chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|Chief Minister]] by toppling the government of his brother-in-law [[Farooq Abdullah]] in 1984.<br /> He defected from [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] along with 12 party MLAs on 2 July 1984 bringing down the government of Farooq Abdullah, a move that created a bitter rift between the two families. Shah joined hands with the 26-member [[Indian National Congress]] legislature party and became [[List of chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|Chief Minister]]. <br /> However, his government was dismissed on 12 March 1986, by the then [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir|Governor]] [[Jagmohan]] following the communal [[1986 Anantnag Riots]] in south Kashmir caused by his provocative statements and announcements.<br /> <br /> Shah had formed a new party, [[Jammu and Kashmir Awami National Conference|Awami National Conference]] which also participated in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|Elections 2008]].<br /> <br /> He is survived by his wife, [[Begum Khalida Shah]], two sons Muzaffar Ahmad Shah and a daughter.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Controversies ==<br /> In early 1986, Gul Shah announced the construction of a masjid inside the location of an ancient Hindu Temple in the Jammu Civil Secretariat. This move sparked widespread criticism and protests in Jammu. In February, Gul Shah then went to Kashmir and provocatively said, &quot;Islam khatre mein hain&quot; (Translation: &quot;Islam is in danger&quot;). Subsequently, Muslim rioters attacked Hindu-owned businesses and places of worship.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bansi Pandit 2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Pandit |first=Bansi |author-link= |date=2008 |title=Explore Kashmiri Pandits |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zsoC6GWr47QC |location= |publisher=Dharma Publications |page=48-49 |isbn=9780963479860}}&lt;/ref&gt; The resulting death toll was 2000 people, consisting primarily of Hindus. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=P. S. |title=Jammu and Kashmir at the Political Crossroads |date=1994 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |isbn=9780706976205 |page=214 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl5uAAAAMAAJ }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20241225182840/https://www.greaterkashmir.com/full_story.asp/?Date=7_1_2009&amp;ItemID=46&amp;cat=1 Biography]<br /> *[http://www.gmshahfoundation.info.com G. M. Shah Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713030445/http://www.gmshahfoundation.info.com/ |date=13 July 2011 }}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-off}}<br /> {{Succession box<br /> | before = [[Farooq Abdullah]]<br /> | title = [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> | years = 1984 - 1986<br /> | after = [[President's Rule]]<br /> }}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Ghulam Mohammad}}<br /> [[Category:1920 births]]<br /> [[Category:2009 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]<br /> [[Category:Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Kashmiri politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council]]<br /> [[Category:Jammu and Kashmir Awami National Conference politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Abdullah family (politics)]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]</div>

KeishaBadham8