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Tenkasi Pandyas

2026-05-07T20:47:24Z

KaveriKumari2: Stub

{{short description|Rulers of the Pandya dynasty (1422–1618)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox Former Country
| conventional_long_name = Tenkasi Pandyas
| common_name = Pandya kingdom
| image_flag = Twin fish flag of Pandyas.svg
| flag_width = 160px
| flag_border = no
| flag_caption = A close depiction of Tenkasi Pandiya flag as per archaeological findings and historians illustration.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Walter Codrington |first1=Hubert |title=Ceylon Coins and Currency |year=1975 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=9788120609136 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJrKcKqJGuEC&q=Fish+flag+of+pandyan&pg=PA86}}</ref>
| image_map = {{Location map+ | Tamil Nadu
|width = 320
|caption =
| places =
{{Location map~ | Tamil Nadu
|border = 1px
|label = [[Tenkasi]]
|label_size =
|mark =
|marksize = 10
|coordinates= {{coord|8.97|N|77.3|E}}
}}
{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu
|label = [[Madurai]]
|label_size =
|mark =
|marksize =
|coordinates= {{coord|9.9|N|78.1|E}}
}}
}}
| map_caption = Location of the present day Tenkasi (Capital of Tenkasi Pandyas) and Madurai (Pandya dynasty's traditional capital)
| capital = [[Tenkasi]]
| official_languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Upinder Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA46 |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-317-1120-0 |page=46 |quote=Kings of the Chola and Pandya dynasties also issued Tamil and bilingual Sanskrit–Tamil inscriptions.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=C. Sivaramamurti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKgQAQAAMAAJ |title=L'Art en Inde |publisher=H. N. Abrams |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-8109-0630-3 |page=60 |quote=Thus the state language was Tamil whether the inscriptions were from the north or the south and whether the dynasty was Gupta, Vakatak[a], Vardhana, Maukhari, Pratihara, Paramara, Chandella, Pala, Sena, Gahadavala, Haihaya, Ganga, Pallava, Chola, Pandya, Chalukya, Rashtrakuta, or Vijayanagar[a]. Inscriptions were sometimes written in regional languages, but they invariably had a preface in Sanskrit.}}</ref>
| religion = {{ublist
|[[Hinduism]] ([[state religion|Official]])
|[[Buddhism]]
|[[Jainism]]
}}
| demonym =
| government_type = Monarchy
| year_end = 1618
| year_start = 1422
| image_map_caption = Pandyan Empire at greatest extent
| year_leader1 = 1422–1463
| leader1 = Sadaavarman Parakrama
| year_leader2 = 1613–1618
| leader2 = Varagunarama
| p1 = Pandyan Empire{{!}}Medieval Pandyas
| s1 = Madurai Nayak dynasty
| p2 = Delhi Sultanate
| s2 = Nayaks of Gingee
| s3 =
| s4 =
| s5 =
| today = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| era = [[Early modern period|Early modern era]]
}}

[[File:Vettum perumal.jpg|alt=Map of Tenkasi and Tirunelveli pandiyas|thumb|Map of Tenkasi and Tirunelveli pandiyas]]

'''Tenkasi Pandyas''' were the [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya kings]] from Sadaavarman Parakrama Pandya to his successors who ruled with [[Tenkasi]] as their [[Capital city|capital]].<ref name="tamilvu2">{{cite web|url=http://www.tamilvu.org/courses/diploma/a031/a0314/html/a0314445.htm|title=4.5 பிற்காலப் பாண்டியர் (கி.பி. 1371 - 1650)|publisher=தமிழ் இணையப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்|access-date=27 November 2012}}</ref> With the invasion of the [[Sultan]]ates, [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagaras]], and [[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Nayakars]] from the fourteenth century onwards, the Pandyas lost their traditional capital of [[Madurai]] and shifted to cities like Tenkasi and [[Tirunelveli]].<ref name="Fall">Karashima, Noburu. 2014. 'The Fall of the Old States', in ''A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations'', ed. Noburu Karashima, pp. 173–74. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.</ref> Tenkasi was the last capital of the Pandyas.<ref name="tamilvu.org2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tamilvu.org/slet/lA100/lA100pd1.jsp?bookid=222&pno=323|title=:: TVU ::|website=www.tamilvu.org|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> All the Pandyas from Sadaavarman Parakrama Pandya and his next generations were crowned in the Adheenam Mutt<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Vanamamalai|first1=N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sDnaAAAAMAAJ&q=tenkasi+capital|title=Interpretation of Tamil Folk Creations|last2=Vān̲amāmalai|first2=Nā|date=1981|publisher=Dravidian Linguistics Association|language=en|access-date=2020-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310194052/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=sDnaAAAAMAAJ&q=tenkasi+capital&dq=tenkasi+capital&hl=en&ei=Ph68TtCqNoLZrQfHo-zUAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result|archive-date=2016-03-10|url-status=live}}</ref> in [[Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi|Kasi Viswanathar temple]].<ref>{{cite journal|year=1964|title=தென்காசி காசிவிசுவநாதசுவாமி கோயில் வரலாறு கோயில் வெளியீடு}}</ref> During the same period, some Pandyas ruled with Tirunelveli as their capital. [[Kayatharu]], [[Vadakkuvalliyur]], and Ukkirankottai are some of their major cities. Inscriptions on them are found in Tenkasi's Kasi Viswanathar temple, [[Brahmadesam, Tindivanam|Brahmadesam]], [[Cheranmadevi]], [[Ambasamudram]], [[Kalakkad]] and [[Pudukkottai]]. The last Pandyan king to be known in the history of the Pandyas was Kolakonda, who was also among the Tenkasi Pandyas.[[File:Tenkasi Pandyas.png|thumb|630px|Sadaavarman Parakrama Pandya and his descendants who ruled Tenkasi.]]
[[File:Tenkasi_Gopuram.jpg|thumb|270px|Gateway of the [[Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi|Kasi Viswanathar temple]] in [[Tenkasi]]]]
{{Dravidian}}
All the Pandyas of the Varagunarama Pandya period were under the Vijayanagara Empire and paid them tribute.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Sathianathaier|first1=R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXdyGtJH6E0C&q=Tenkasi+Pandyas&pg=PA54|title=History of the Nayaks of Madura|last2=Aiyar|first2=R. Sathyanatha|date=1991|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0532-9|language=en|access-date=2020-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310214134/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uXdyGtJH6E0C&pg=PA54&dq=Tenkasi+Pandyas&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3HOiT_z6LdGtrAfy4uyeBw&sqi=2|archive-date=2016-03-10|url-status=live}}</ref> However, other sources invariably mention that though the [[Madurai Nayakas]] were in-charge of Madurai, from time to time, they were opposed by and had skirmishes with the Tenkasi Pandyans, who are also said to have had intermittent control of Madurai.The Tenkasi Pandyas ruled Tenkasi, Thirunelveli and northern Kanyakumari regions as independent sovereign ruling dynasty from 1422CE till 1460CE.The Tenkasi Pandyas also had imperial ambitions, fought some wars, conquered territories outside their terrain. This is proven by the fact that the last Tenkasi Pandyan king bore the title "Kollamkondan", which means the one who conquered Kollam in Malayalam country.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dhinasari.com/general-articles/119385-tenkasi-pandiars.html | title=தென்காசிப் பாண்டியர்கள் ! | date=30 November 2019 | publisher=dhinasari.com | access-date=1 August 2020 }}</ref>

== Pandyas losing Madurai ==
Although the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] and the [[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Nayaks]] ruled Madurai after the 14th century, they were occasionally opposed by the Pandyas. Sometimes they have ruled Madurai. Prominent among them were Saadavarman Vikrama Pandya (1401 – 1422 AD) and his son, Arikesari Parakrama Pandya.<ref name="சநா ஐயர்4">{{cite book|title=History of the Nayaks of Madura|author=Sathayanatha Iyer|year=1924|pages=58}}</ref> They had built 32 forts around Madurai. Later, when Vishwanatha Nayakkar became the Madurai Mandalasuvaran, he feared of Pandya resurgence in Madurai. He divided Madurai into 72 districts, including 16 districts of those against to the Pandyas.<ref name="தமிழ்வாணன்2">{{cite book|title=கட்டபொம்மன் கொள்ளைக்காரன்|publisher=மணிமேகலை பிரசுரம்|author=தமிழ்வாணன்|year=1983|location=சென்னை|pages=18–19}}</ref> He gave them positions and made them separate from the Pandyas. This made Pandyas to lose Madurai forever.<ref name="சநா ஐயர்4"/>

== Tenkasi's origin ==
{{See also|Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi#Legend}}
[[File:சடையவர்மன் பராக்கிரம பாண்டியன் 4.jpg|thumb|King Saadavarman Parakrama Pandya was the first Pandya king to be crowned after Tenkasi was established as Pandya's capital. Since he was unable to complete the construction of [[Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi|Tenkasi temple]] and there was a prophecy telling that the temple would collapse the next day, he requested the devotees to help restore the temple. He promised to accept the offerings of everyone and bow down to their feet. Accordingly, to fulfill that promise, he had put his image in the gateway of the temple.]]
''Shenbagapozhil'' in Tamil means "[[Magnolia champaca|champak tree]]-lined [[rainforest]]". In the fifteenth century, [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] is said to have had appeared in the dream of King Parakrama Pandya, who ruled the Shenbagapozhil area. In that dream, he was said that a [[lingam]] worshiped by the Pandya's ancestors was in the ''Shenbaga'' forest. He was said that ants could be found crawling out of their fort and if they followed the ants, the lingam could be found. He was also told by Shiva to construct a temple there. The reason is the order from Shiva, ''"Shiva devotees in the south die before reaching [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple|Kashi]] on their way to [[Varanasi]] in the north. So for them to get my grace, build a city equaling that of Varanasi in the south".'' Obeying his words, King Parakrama Pandya built the [[Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi|Tenkasi gopuram]] for his ancestor-worshiped lingam. The word ''Tenkasi'' translates to "South Kashi" ("ten" or "then" meaning south in Tamil). The town was called the Tenkasi after the temple.<ref name="தென்காசி தல புராணம்2">தென்காசி தல புராணம்</ref>

=== Other names ===
Tenkasi was known by 16 names before the reign of Sadaavarman Parakrama Pandya.<ref name="தென்காசி தல புராணம்2" /> They were
{{refbegin|20em}}
# Sachhithanapuram
# Muttuthantavanallur
# Anantakkuthanur
# Saivamuthur
# Tenpuliyur
# Kuyinkudi
# Sittharvasam
# Senpagapozhil
# Sivamavoor
# Sathamaatharoor
# Sithiramoolathanam
# Mayilaikudi
# Palalinkapaadi
# Vasanthakudi
# Kosigai
# Sitharpuri
{{refend}}

=== Cityscape ===
The Pandya city of Tenkasi was centered around the [[Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi|Kasi Viswanathar temple]]. There were square-shaped streets in succession around the temple. The Tenkasi Pandyas were based on a fortress known as Ukkirankottai.<ref>தென்னாட்டுப் போர்க்களங்கள், [[கா. அப்பாத்துரை]]</ref>

== List of Tenkasi Pandya kings ==

[[File:Tenkasi_Gopuram.jpg|thumb|270px|Gateway of the [[Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi|Kasi Viswanathar temple]] in [[Tenkasi]]]]
{{Dravidian}}
{{TNhistory}}

List of Pandyas who ruled with Tenkasi as the capital.
{| class="wikitable"
!No
!King
!Period
|-
|1
|Sadaavarman Parakrama Pandya
|1422–1463 AD
|-
|2
|Kulasekara Pandiyan III
|1429–1473 AD
|-
|3
|Aksharan Perumal Parakrama Pandya
|1473–1506 AD
|-
|4
|Kulasekara Pandya
|1479–1499 AD
|-
|5
|Sadaverman Sewallapa Pandya
|1534–1543 AD
|-
|6
|Parakrama Kulasekaran
|1543–1552 AD
|-
|7.
|Nelveli Maran
|1552–1564 AD
|-
|8.
|Sadaavarman Adeevirama Pandya
|1564–1604 AD
|-
|9.
|Varathuranga Pandya
|1588–1612 AD
|-
|10.
|Varagunarama Pandya
|1613–1618 AD
|-
|11.
|Kollankondan (Pandya Dynasty)
|(N.A.)
|}

== Proofs ==

=== Historic text ===
''Pandya Kulodayam'' is a Pandya history book written by ''Mandalakavi'' (zonal poet) of the Tenkasi Pandya period.<ref name="tamilvu3">{{cite web|url=http://www.tamilvu.org/courses/diploma/a031/a0314/html/a0314445.htm|title=4.5 பிற்காலப் பாண்டியர் (கி.பி. 1371 - 1650)|publisher=தமிழ் இணையப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்|access-date=27 November 2012}}</ref> The information it contained were:

# The first Pandya king to be crowned with Tenkasi as the capital was the Sadaavarman Parakrama Pandya.
# All the Pandya kings after him were crowned in the Tenkasi temple. They were inscribed in the temple's inscriptions.
# The last Pandya king, King Kolakkondan, was killed in approximately AD 1650.

=== Numismatics ===
Although the Pandya kings who ruled Tenkasi ruled only marginal lands, they had issued coins in their name. The coins with the name of King Sadayarvarman Kulasekara Pandya II's son Aagavarman, were found.

== Art ==
<gallery>
File:The_magnificent_Kasi_Vishwanathat_Temple_Rajagopuram.jpg|Kasi Vishwanathar temple's Rajagopuram (Main gateway)
File:Kasi_Viswanathar_Temple.jpg|Another view of the Rajagopuram
File:The_Kutraleeshwarar_temple_Gopuram.jpg|Thirukutralam temple
</gallery>

=== Notable temples ===
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Temple
!Note
|-
|1
|[[Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi|Kasi Viswanathar temple]]
| rowspan="2" |The origin period is unknown. Temple towers and shrines were erected during the reign of Saadavarman Parakrama Pandya.
|-
|2
|[[Thirukutralam|Thirukutralam temple]]
|-
|3
|Kulasekaranath Temple
|Built during the reign of Saadavarman Ativirama Pandya.
|}

=== Temple's specialty ===

==== ''Vayuvasal'' (Sadaavarman Parakrama Pandya entrance) ====

* The temple's gopuram is known as ''Vayuvasal'' (Gateway of the air). The breeze from Vaigai river comes through this gateway. This makes it difficult to enter in the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Ādi''. Outside of the Bala Subramainya temple, there are musical pillars.

==== Single-stone statues ====

Some of the sculptural masterpieces of Tamil Nadu can be seen in the ''Thiruoolaka Mandapam'' at the Swami sannathi. There are 16 statues in the hall.
{{refbegin|2}}
# ''Agni Veerapathirar''
# ''Rathidevi''
# ''Maha Thandavam''
# ''Urthuva Thandavam''
# ''Kalidevi''
# ''Mahavishnu''
# ''Manmathan''
# ''Veerapathirar''
# ''Paavai''
# ''Paavai''
# ''Tharman''
# ''Beeman''
# ''Arjunan''
# ''Nakulan''
# ''Sahadevan''
# ''Karnan''
{{refend}}
The above statues are all sculpted out of single stone with subtle workmanship by the Pandya-era sculptors.

==== Tunnels ====
The entrance to the tunnel is still visible in the big temple. It is said to have four tunnels.

# The Avur people still say that the tunnel to the east is going to Vindhankottai in [[Sundarapandiapuram]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.natpu.in/?p=9868|title=விந்தன் கோட்டை|date=29 June 2011|website=Natpu|language=ta|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116115844/http://www.natpu.in/?p=9868|archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref>
# Another route is said to pass through the Kulasekara Nathar Temple.

=== Thirumalapuram Paintings ===
There is a cave temple on the Thirumalapuram hill near Tenkasi. It is on the way to Serndamaram village near [[Kadayanallur]]. The temple has paintings of the Pandya period. The first to discover these paintings was scholar Duprai. These colour cave temple paintings exemplify the art of the Pandya period.

=== Literature ===
Tenkasi Pandyas had also contributed to Tamil literature.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dhinasari.com/general-articles/119385-tenkasi-pandiars.html|title=தென்காசிப் பாண்டியர்கள் !|date=30 November 2019|work=Dinasari|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Capital
!Pandya king
!Texts
!Guru (Master)
|-
|1560 –1600
|Karuvai, later Tenkasi
|Varakunaraman
|''Vaayu Sangeethai, Ilinga Puranam''
|Akora Shivam Swami Devar (also known as Kulasekara Pandya)
|-
|1588 – 1613(?)
|Karuvai
|Varathurangaraman
|''Pramothira Kaandam, Karuvai Anthathi, Kokogam''
|Vembathur Eesana Munivar
|-
|1564 – 1610
|Tenkasi
|Ativiraraman known as Seevalaraman
|''Naidatham, Kashi Kandam, Koorma Puranam, Vetriverkai''
|Swamidevar
|}
Apart from these, a historical book called ''Pandya Kulodayam'' was also written by Mandalakavi during the Tenkasi Pandyas period.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Pandya dynasty}}

[[Category:Pandya dynasty]]
[[Category:Tenkasi district]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 1610s]]

Hatkanangale Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T21:11:32Z

KaveriKumari2: made basic data w/ sources

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Hatkanangale
| constituency_no = 278
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 278-Hatkanangle.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Hatkanangle Lok Sabha constituency|Hatkanangle]]
| district = [[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Ashokrao Mane]]
| party = {{Party index link|Jan Surajya Shakti}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| incumbent_image =
| electors =342,091
}}
''' Hatkanangale Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|constituencies]] of [[Maharashtra]] state, western India. This constituency is located in [[Kolhapur district]],<ref name="ECI-20081126" /> and is part of [[Hatkanangle Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Geographical scope==
The constituency comprises revenue circles Vathar tarfe, Vadgaon, Vadgaon Kasba, Hatkanangle, Herle, Rui, Hupari, and Vadgaon Kasba Municipal Council in [[Hatkanangle|Hatkanangle taluka]].<ref name="ECI-20081126">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=2008-11-26|publisher=Election Commission of India|pages=274|access-date=2015-08-14}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" rowspan="2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Khanjire Babasaheb Bhausaheb || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| Powar Dattatraya Santaram
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" rowspan="2" | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Patil Santaram Sakharam || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| Shirke Dadasaheb Malharrao || {{Full party name with color|Scheduled Castes Federation}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Keshav Narsinga Ghatage || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan="2" | B. Bhausaheb Kahanjire
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || rowspan="2" | [[Sujit Minchekar|Dr. Sujit Minchekar]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || [[Raju Awale|Raju Jaywantrao Awale]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Ashokrao Mane|Dr. Ashokrao Mane]] || {{Full party name with color|Jan Surajya Shakti}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Hatkanangale }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ashokrao Mane|Dr. Ashokrao Mane]] |party = Jan Surajya Shakti |votes = 134,191 |percentage = 51.30% |change = {{increase}}32.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Raju Awale|Raju Jaywantrao Awale]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 87,942 |percentage = 33.62% |change = {{increase}}1.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sujit Minchekar|Dr. Sujit Minchekar]] |party = Swabhimani Paksha |votes = 24,952 |percentage = 9.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pragati Ravindra Chavan |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,373 |percentage = 1.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Kranti Dilip Sawant |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 3,741 |percentage = 1.43% |change = {{decrease}}3.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,152 |percentage = 0.44% |change = {{decrease}}0.58 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 46,249 |percentage = 17.68% |change = {{increase}}14.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 262,721 |percentage = 76.80% |change = {{increase}}3.34 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 261,569}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 342,091 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.51 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Jan Surajya Shakti |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}19.41 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Hatkanangale <ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Raju Awale|Raju Jaywantrao Awale]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 73,720 |percentage = 31.89% |change = {{increase}}5.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sujit Minchekar|Dr. Sujit Minchekar]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 66,950 |percentage = 28.97% |change = {{decrease}}11.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ashokrao Mane|Dr. Ashokrao Mane]] |party = Jan Surajya Shakti |votes = 44,562 |percentage = 19.28% |change = {{increase}}4.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kambale Kiran Sukumar |party = Tararani Paksha |votes = 19,736 |percentage = 8.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. P. Kamble |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 11,273 |percentage = 4.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajiv Kisanrao Awale |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,711 |percentage = 2.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 2,367 |percentage = 1.02% |change = {{increase}}0.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Avinash Jaywant Sawardekar |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,084 |percentage = 0.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sandip Akaram Dabade |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,440 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,770 |percentage = 2.93% |change = {{decrease}}10.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 233,750 |percentage = 73.46% |change = {{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 231,135}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 318,189 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.01 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Shiv Sena |swing = {{decrease}}8.22 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Hatkanangale <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sujit Minchekar|Dr. Sujit Minchekar]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 89,087 |percentage = 40.11% |change = {{increase}}11.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jaywant Gangaram Awale |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 59,717 |percentage = 26.89% |change = {{decrease}}0.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajiv Kisanrao Awale |party = Jan Surajya Shakti |votes = 32,874 |percentage = 14.80% |change = {{decrease}}11.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kadam Pramod Madhukar |party = Swabhimani Paksha |votes = 21,318 |percentage = 9.60% |change = {{decrease}}2.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Premkumar Anandrao Mane (Ghunkikar) |party = Bahujan Mukti Party |votes = 5,198 |percentage = 2.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Com. Bharama Kamble |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 4,228 |percentage = 1.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghatge Dattatray Vishnu |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 3,855 |percentage = 1.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ranjeet Sadanand Bhosale |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 1,767 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,690 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 29,370 |percentage = 13.22% |change = {{increase}}12.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 224,010 |percentage = 73.93% |change = {{increase}}3.36 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 222,106}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 303,007 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.48 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |swing = {{increase}}11.62 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Hatkanangale <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sujit Minchekar|Dr. Sujit Minchekar]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 55,583 |percentage = 28.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Raju Awale|Raju Jaywantrao Awale]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 53,579 |percentage = 27.47% |change = {{decrease}}34.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajiv Kisanrao Awale |party = Jan Surajya Shakti |votes = 51,102 |percentage = 26.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghatge Dattatray Vishnu |party = Swabhimani Paksha |votes = 24,452 |percentage = 12.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vikrant Subhash Sonavane |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,303 |percentage = 2.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Malage Mangalrao Jinnappa |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 5,057 |percentage = 2.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,004 |percentage = 1.03% |change = {{decrease}}37.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 195,322 |percentage = 70.57% |change = {{decrease}}3.34 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 195,076}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 276,770 |ref = |change = {{increase}}164.56 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}33.76 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Hatkanangale <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. Bhausaheb Kahanjire |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 46,967 |percentage = 62.25% |change = {{increase}}19.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Shivgonda Pirgonda |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 18,227 |percentage = 24.16% |change = {{decrease}}0.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankarrao R. Pujari |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 4,217 |percentage = 5.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Ratan Balu |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 3,159 |percentage = 4.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaikwad Baburao Sidram |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 1,996 |percentage = 2.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Joshi Bhaskar Govind |party = Independent politician |votes = 878 |percentage = 1.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 28,740 |percentage = 38.09% |change = {{increase}}26.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 77,322 |percentage = 73.91% |change = {{decrease}}4.16 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 75,444}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 104,617 |ref = |change = {{increase}}28.22 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}19.88 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Hatkanangale <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. Bhausaheb Kahanjire |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,996 |percentage = 42.37% |change = {{decrease}}28.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. A. Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 17,946 |percentage = 30.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Shivgonda Pirgonda |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 14,612 |percentage = 24.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajaram Kallappa Name |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,303 |percentage = 2.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,050 |percentage = 11.95% |change = {{decrease}}35.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,699 |percentage = 78.07% |change = {{increase}}11.02 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 58,992}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,593 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.84 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}28.59 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Hatkanangale <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Keshav Narsinga Ghatage |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 34,419 |percentage = 70.96% |change = {{increase}}32.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhavrao Ishwarrao Kurane |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 11,176 |percentage = 23.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajaram Kallappa Name |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,713 |percentage = 3.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithal Krishna Kambale |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,198 |percentage = 2.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,243 |percentage = 47.92% |change = {{increase}}35.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,201 |percentage = 67.05% |change = {{decrease}}67.34 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,506}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,368 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}41.12 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}39.13 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Hatkanangale <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Santaram Sakharam |party = Independent politician |votes = 55,477 |percentage = 31.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shirke Dadasaheb Malharrao |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 52,311 |percentage = 30.01% |change = {{increase}}18.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mudrale Dinkar Vithoba |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,537 |percentage = 19.24% |change = {{decrease}}26.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Powar Dattatraya Santaram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,980 |percentage = 18.92% |change = {{decrease}}26.45 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,940 |percentage = 12.59% |change = {{increase}}1.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 174,305 |percentage = 134.39% |change = {{increase}}77.09 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 174,305}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 129,701 |ref = |change = {{increase}}18.27 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}9.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Hatkanangale <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Khanjire Babasaheb Bhausaheb |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,519 |percentage = 22.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Powar Dattatraya Santaram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,495 |percentage = 22.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shirke Dadasaheb Malharrao |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 14,070 |percentage = 11.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vardhamane Dhanpal Devendra |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 13,997 |percentage = 11.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mane Sarjerao Krishnarao |party = Independent politician |votes = 12,887 |percentage = 10.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lokhande Ananda Doulat |party = Independent politician |votes = 11,897 |percentage = 9.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Narasgaonda Anna |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,625 |percentage = 5.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shetty Mallappa Sangappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,874 |percentage = 3.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Parasharam Nana |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,603 |percentage = 2.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Banage Sahadeo Devappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,697 |percentage = 1.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,449 |percentage = 11.50% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 125,664 |percentage = 57.30% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 125,664}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 109,661 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kolhapur district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|16.75|74.43|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kolhapur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan

2026-05-04T09:39:03Z

KaveriKumari2: Started!

{{Multiple issues|{{Cleanup rewrite|date=October 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2025}}}}{{Short description|Nawab of Bengal from 1727 to 1739}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| image = Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan3.jpg
| name = Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan
| title = [[Mirza (noble)|Mīrzā]] Motamul ul-Mulk (Guardian of the country) Shuja ud-Daula (Hero of the state) Asad Jang (Lion in War)
| full name = Mirza Shuja ud-din Muhammad Khan (Mirza Deccani)
| birth_date = {{circa}} 1670
| birth_place = [[Burhanpur]], [[Deccan Plateau]], [[Mughal Empire]]
| death_date = {{date of death and age|1739|8|26|1670|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Murshidabad]], [[Bengal Subah|Bengal]], Mughal Empire
| burial_place = Murshidabad, [[West Bengal]], India
| succession = [[Nawabs of Bengal|Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa]]
| reign = 1 July 1727 – 26 August 1739
| predecessor = [[Murshid Quli Khan]]
| successor = [[Sarfaraz Khan]]
| father = Nawab Jan Muhammad Khan (Mirza Nur ud-din Muhammad)
| mother =
| dynasty = Nasiri
| spouse = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|Zainab un-nisa Begum|1686}}
*{{marriage|Azmat un-nisa Begum Sahiba |1712}}
*{{marriage|Durdana Begum Sahiba|1718}}}}
| issue = [[Sarfaraz Khan|Mirza Asadullah Khan]] Mirza Muhammad Taqi Khan Bahadur Nafissa Begum Sahiba Durdana Begum Sahiba
| religion = [[Shia Islam]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |title=The History of Bengal |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283729/page/n447/mode/2up |volume=II |orig-date=1948 |publisher=[[University of Dhaka]] |location=Dhaka |isbn=978-81-7646-239-6 |page=224 |quote=The climax of the movement was reached after [[Murshid Quli Khan]] had established in Bengal what was practically a [[Shia]] dynasty, ever ready to welcome and honour the wandering talent and piety of the centre of that [[Shia Islamic beliefs and practices|creed]].}}</ref><ref name="Rieck2016">{{cite book |last=Rieck |first=Andreas |title=The Shias of Pakistan: An Assertive and Beleaguered Minority |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6aKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |year=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-061320-4 |page=3 |quote=From 1701 until the British conquest of 1757, Bengal was ruled by [[Shia]] governors appointed by the Mughals but de facto almost independent. Since that time huge [[Husayniyya|imâmbârgâhs]] were built and estates designated as auqâf for the promotion of [[Mourning of Muharram|'azâdârî]] by Iranian merchants and their descendants in Bengal towns like Murshidabad and Hoogly, which also attracted many [[Shia clergy|Shia 'ulamâ']] from both India and Iran.}}</ref>
}}

'''Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan''' was the second [[Nawabs of Bengal|Nawab of Bengal]]. He married Zainab un-nisa Begum and Azmat un-nisa Begum, the daughters of [[Murshid Quli Khan]] by Nasiri Banu Begum. Shuja-ud-Din's third wife was Durdana Begum Sahiba. After the death of his father-in-law on 30 June 1727, he ascended to the ''Masnad'' (throne) of the Nawab.

==Early life==
Born at [[Burhanpur]], [[Deccan]], Mirza Shuja ud-din Muhammad Khan (also called Mirza Deccani), was a [[Deccani people|Deccani Muslim]] of [[Iranian Turkmens|Iranian-Turkmen]] [[Afshar people|Afshar]] descent.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6eMJEAAAQBAJ&dq=Shuja-ud-Din+Muhammad+Khan+deccani&pg=PA50 |title=Hooghly:The Global History of a River |page=50 |date=2020 |isbn=9781787383258 |last1=Ivermee |first1=Robert |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref> His ancestor Yar Ali Sultan had been the [[Safavid]] governor of [[Farah, Afghanistan|Farah]], [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] during the reign of [[Tahmasp I]]. Shuja's father Mirza Nur-ud-din, son of [[Nawab]] Aqil Khan, had held a prominent post in Burhanpur under the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] and he himself had been given charge of Ilkandal, a dependency of [[Hyderabad]]. It was in Burhanpur that Shuja first came into contact with [[Murshid Quli Khan]], who also originated from the city. He married the latter's daughter Zinat un-nisa and had a son, [[Sarfaraz Khan]].<ref name="Sarkar1948">{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Jadunath|author-link=Jadunath Sarkar|title=The History of Bengal|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283729/page/n433/mode/1up|volume=II|year=1948|publisher=University of Dhaka|location=Dhaka|isbn=978-81-7646-239-6|page=422}}</ref><ref name="Awrangābādī1979">{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Shah Navaz|authorlink1=Samsam ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan|last2=Hayy|first2=Abdul|translator=Henry Beveridge|translator-link=Henry Beveridge (orientalist)|title=The Maathir-ul-umara: Being Biographies of the Muḥammadan and Hindu Officers of the Timurid Sovereigns of India from 1500 to about 1780 A.D.|url=https://archive.org/details/MaasirAl-umaraOfShahnavazKhanAurangabadiVol.1English/page/n368/mode/1up|edition=Second|volume=I|year=1979|orig-year=1911|publisher=Janaki Prakashan|location=Patna|page=720}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Subhan|first=Abdus|title=Early Career of Nawab Ali Vardi Khan of Bengal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=js8VAQAAMAAJ|journal=Journal of Indian History|volume=XLVIII|issue=III|year=1970|publisher=University of Kerala|location=Trivandrum|page=536}}</ref>

==Rise to power==
Shuja ud-Din succeeded [[Tanib Ali Khan]] as the ''[[faujdar]]'' of [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet]] in 1719 for a year. He was known to have granted a ''[[Deed#Sanad|sanad]]'' to the [[Mufti family]] during his term, before being succeeded by [[Shukrullah Khan]].<ref name=proceed>{{cite book|title=The Proceedings Of The All Pakistan History Conference|volume=1|chapter=A chronology of Muslim faujdars of Sylhet|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.66554/page/n297|location=[[Karachi]]|author=[[Syed Mohammad Ali]]|date=21 February 2024|pages=281}}</ref> In absence of a direct heir, Nawab [[Murshid Quli Khan]] nominated his grandson [[Sarfaraz Khan]] to the ''[[masnad]]'' (throne) of Bengal. Murshid Quli Khan died in 1727 and Sarfaraz Khan was to ascend to the ''masnad''.

Then, Shuja ud-din was the ''Subahdar'' of Odisha with [[Alivardi Khan]] as his ''[[Naib]]'' (Deputy). Murshid Quli was not generally pleased of the inclusive and people friendly policies of Shuja ud-Din. Accordingly, when Sarfaraz Khan was announced heir, Shuja ud-Din was disturbed at the idea of being in the employment of his son. Alivardi Khan and his brother Haji Ahmed convinced Shuja ud-Din that he himself was more suitable for this position. With support from Alivardi and Haji he made preparations for a take over. He received support from Mughal Emperor, [[Muhammad Shah]] in [[Delhi]], who was ready to help him. Shuja ud-Din marched at the head of a large army towards [[Murshidabad]], the capital of the Nawabs of Bengal. To avoid a conflict in the family, the dowager ''[[Begum]]'' of Murshid Quli Khan intervened; and her son-in-law Shuja-ud-Din ascended to the Masnad of Bengal after Sarfaraz Kahn abdicated in favour of his father. By August 1727, Shuja-ud-Din was firmly established and recognised as the second Nawab of Bengal.

As a sign of gratitude for supporting him, he sent a large amount of money from his revenue collection to the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah and in return the Mughals recognised him as ''Motamul ul-Mulk'' (Guardian of the country), ''Shuja ud-Daula'' (Hero of the state) and ''Asad Jang'' (Lion in War), establishing diplomatic ties. He also received the personal ''[[Mansabdar|Mansab]]'' of a ''Haft Hazari'', with seven thousand troopers, besides a fringed [[Litter (vehicle)|Palki]], together with the insignia of the ''Mahi Order'', and a ''[[Khilat]]'' consisting of six pieces of robes, precious stones, a jewel-mounted sword, and a royal elephant with a horse.

==Reign==
Shuja ud-Din was known to be brave, liberal and generous. The only factor that went against him in terms of having a long rule, was his age.

===Administration===
The Siyar-ul-Mutakherin mentions that with regard to private disputes between man and man, he trusted no one; but sending for the parties, he would listen patiently and leisurely to the story of each, and with much judgment drew his conclusion, and pronouncing the decree, caused it to be executed with punctuality. Constantly animated by a scrupulous regard for justice, and always inspired by fear of God, he uprooted from his realm the foundations of oppressions and tyrannies.

Shuja detested the high handed policies of Murshid Quli Khan and had them reversed (in totality) immediately. His detest was so extreme that he went to the extent of auctioning the household goods of Murshid Quli Khan to his arch enemies, the Hindu Zamindars. By this act he raised four million rupees. He had Nazir Ahmad and Murad Farrash, the employees of Murshid Quli Khan, who were notorious for their highhandedness, executed and confiscated their effects. He tore down most of the buildings constructed by Murshid Quli and had newer and bigger constructions done in their place. He allowed the growth and prosperity of his subordinates who respected and gave him fullest loyal services in return. Unlike Murshid Quli, he was not feared and never extracted loyalty but rather commanded the same.

===Re-alignment of administrative districts===
In 1733, he merged [[Bihar Subah]] with Bengal and divided the merged territory into four administrative divisions, and made the following changes in the administrative positions:

# Elder son, [[Sarfaraz Khan]]: Nazim (Dewan) of the [[Subah (province)|Subah]] of Bengal
# Younger son, Muhammad Taqi: Naib (Deputy) [[Subahdar]] of Odisha
# Younger son-in-law, [[Lutfullah Tabrizi|Mirza Lutfullah]]: Naib (Deputy) Nazim of [[Dacca]]
# Haji Ahmed (brother of [[Alivardi Khan]]): Chief Counsellor
# [[Nawazish Muhammad Khan]]: [[Mir Bakshi]] (Paymaster General)
# Syed Ahmed Khan: Faujdar of Rangpur
# Zain ud-Deen Ahmed Khan: Faujdar of [[Rajmahal]] (Akbar Nagar)
# Pir Khan: Faujdar of Hooghly

By the end of his reign major re-alignments in positions had to be effected. They were very important in context of the times to come.

# [[Alivardi Khan]]: Naib Subahdar of Azimabad (Patna)
# Elder son, [[Sarfaraz Khan]]: Naib (Deputy) Subahdar of Dacca
# Younger son-in-law, [[Lutfullah Tabrizi|Mirza Lutfullah]]: Naib (Deputy) Subahdar of Odisha

===Revenue relief and settlement===

====Re-settlement of deprived Hindu Zamindars====
The Siyar-ul-Mutakherin also mentions that his equity was no less conspicuous towards the Zamindars and other landholders of Bengal. These persons, under Murshid Quli's administration (see: [[Murshid Quli Khan]]), had been mostly kept in confinement, and tormented in such a variety of ways, that it would be a pity to spend paper and ink in describing them. Shuja after having firmly established his government, released such of the Zamindars and other landholders as he found on enquiry free from crime or fraud; as to the others, he ordered them to be all brought into his presence, and to form a circle round his person. This being done, he asked them, how they would behave in future, should he release them. These poor people, who had been for years languishing in dungeons, surprised at this address, burst forth into encomiums on his goodness, and after supplicating heaven to grant him a long and prosperous government, promised that henceforward they would pay the revenue with punctuality, and would prove obedient and dutiful servants. Engagements in their own handwriting, authenticated by the proper formalities, being taken from them, they confirmed them by the most solemn oaths. Shuja now sent for a number of rich dresses for each, according to his respective rank and station, so that there was not one in that assembly who did not receive a suitable present. This ceremony being over they were all released, with injunctions to transmit henceforward the revenue through the house of [[Jagat Seth]], [[Fateh Chand]].

====Revenue settlement====
By this stroke of policy, over and above the profits of 'Jagirs' and fees on ware-houses and factories, he easily raised one crore and fifty lakhs (fifteen million) of rupees, which he remitted to the Imperial Treasury through the Banking Agency of Jagat Seth Fatih Chand. By selling off at fancy prices to Zamindars the jaded horses, cattle, and other livestock, as well as damaged carpets and curtains belonging to the private estate of Nawab Murshid Quli Khan, he sent another forty lakhs (four million) of rupees, besides elephants, to Emperor Muhammad Shah. And after the Abstract Balance Sheet of the Annual Accounts was prepared, he remitted to the Imperial Capital the stipulated annual tribute of the Nizamat, besides the Imperial Revenue, according to the established
conventions.

===Prosperity and public welfare===
Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, inherited (from Murshid Quli Khan) a treasury which was full. He enhanced it further and spent liberally on public welfare.

He surpassed his predecessors in office in paraphernalia of royalty and armaments, and though his prime of life had passed, he did not scorn life's pleasures. Dismantling the public buildings erected by Murshid Quli Khan, as they seemed too small according to his lofty ideals, he built instead a grand and spacious Palace, an Arsenal, a lofty Gateway, a Revenue Court, a Public Audience-Hall, a Private Office, a Boudoir for Ladies, a Reception-Hall, a Court of Exchequer and a Court of Justice.

He lived in magnificent splendour, and used to ride out in regal state. He was known for attending to the well-being of his Army, and to the happiness of his subjects. On his officers, he lavished largesse amounting to no less than one thousand or five hundred rupees in each case.

Nazir Ahmad (an official of Murshid Quli) had laid the foundation of a mosque with a garden on the banks of the river [[Bhagirathi]]. Shuja, after executing him, finished the mosque and garden, and named them after himself. He built palaces, reservoirs, canals and numerous fountains within the garden. Shuja ud-Din visited frequently and held parties in the garden. Each year he also held a state banquet for state officers in the garden.

===Rise of powerful advisors===
This period saw the rise of important state officials like: [[Alivardi Khan]] who was the Naib Nazim of Azimabad (once annexed to Bengal).[[Haji Ahmed]] (brother of Alivardi Khan) who was the Chief Counsellor to the Nizamat. Rai [[Alam Chand]] who became Diwan of Bengal (was given the title of Ray-Rayan). [[Jagat Seth]], Fateh Chand became the Banker to the Nawab

Their power came from the fact that the Nawab trusted them and mostly left them unsupervised, concentrating on matters of his please. These aides turned out to be very able, efficient and loyal and executed their responsibilities to the satisfaction of the Nawab. The experience would come in good stead as they would play a very active role in the future of Bengal for the next two to three decades. Shuja trusted and rewarded their loyalty but was wise enough to keep their ambitions under a check through proper balances. He was largely unsuccessful and this his successor Sarfaraz Khan would experience in 1740.

===First altercation with the British East India Company===
The new Faujdar of [[Hooghly]], Pir Khan (Shuja Quli Khan), commenced exactions and oppressions. The Port of Hugli from his acts of omission and commission was ruined; and he commenced quarrelling with the European merchants. On the pretext of collecting the customs-duties of the Imperial Customs House, he requisitioned troops from the Emperor, commenced hostility with the English, Dutch, and French, and levied {{lang|inc|nazars}}{{efn|Nazar ([[Devanagari]]: {{lang|inc-Deva|नज़र }}, [[Nastaliq]]: {{lang|inc-Aran|نذر }}): A kind of obligatory offering, such as [[key money]] or [[tribute]]. The form {{lang|inc|nazarana}} can be used to distinguish {{lang|inc|nazar}} {{gloss|offering}} from the [[homonym|homonymous]] word {{lang|inc|nazar}} (Devanagari: {{lang|inc-Deva|नज़र }}, Nastaliq: {{lang|inc-Aran|نظر }}) meaning sight, supervision, or evil eye. }} and taxes. It is said that once while unloading from English vessels bales of silk and cotton, and placing these below the fort he unfairly confiscated them. The English troops advancing from Calcutta, arrived near the fort. Pir Khan finding himself an unequal match for them climbed down, when the English troops carried off their goods. The aforesaid Khan; writing to Nawab Shuja ud-Daulah requisitioned troops to attack the English and by cutting off supplies of [[Cossimbazar|Qasimbazar]] and Calcutta, he reduced them to straits. The Chief of the English Factory at Qasimbazar was compelled in consequence to arrange terms of peace, by agreeing to pay three lakhs (three hundred thousand) of rupees as {{lang|inc|nazar}} to the Nawab. The Chief of the English Factory in Calcutta, borrowing the {{lang|inc|nazarana}} money from the Calcutta bankers, remitted it to Murshidabad.

==Personality==
Shuja-ud-Din is remembered as the most successful [[Nawab of Bengal]] who ushered in a reign of "rare" prosperity in Bengal, in the 18th century. He had the experience and the tact to handle a vast array of circumstances and learned well from Murshid Quli Khan. He was a firm follower of Islam and contributed heavily to the conversion of Bengal to Islam. His family including the previous kings were themselves recent converts Bengalis and Oriyas to Islam. He was known to be shrewd, firm, a well-educated and well-mannered person. He started an era of development in Bengal (in the 18th century). While Murshid Quli hailed from the "Aurangzeb school of thought", Shuja was more of a realist, practical and a mild mannered person.<ref name="k">{{cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Shujauddin_Muhammad_Khan|title=Shujauddin_Muhammad_Khan|website=Banglapedia}}</ref>

[[Siyar-ul-Mutakherin]] by [[Ghulam Hussain Khan|Mir Gholam Hussein Khan Tabtabai]] ''(translated into English by Lieutenant Colonel John Briggs, M.R.A.S., The British East India Company (Madras Army) in May 1831.)'' notes that the reign of Nawab Shuja-ud-din Muhammad was one of the best (twelve) years of the 18th century for the Subah of Bengal. Well known to be a mild, just, secular and God fearing person Shuja was always interested in learning, jurisprudence and meeting new people who visited Murshidabad from other parts of the world. He was an able administrator and was tactful in dealing with the Mughal Emperor, [[Nawab of Oudh]], [[Maratha]]s, [[East India Company]], his ambitious Nazims, his own son Sarfaraz Khan and ensured proper checks, balances and controls. He was vastly popular among his subjects as well as with the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah.

Shuja never engaged in conflict but managed his resources and manpower well enough to posture, never to attack. He had at his disposal the richest province in the country but had "problems" like Oudh, marauding Marathas and a weak Mughal Emperor. He preferred sending "supplies" to Delhi rather than "armies" to fight for the declining Mughals. He had advised caution while dealing with [[Nadir Shah]] and adopted a "hands off" approach on top learning that Nadir had left Persia for Delhi. He however kept on sending a part of his revenue collection to Delhi and unlike the Nawab of Oudh kept away from the court intrigues in the [[Red Fort]]. It is ironical that Bengal suffered its worst famines and poverty levels one century later.

==Death and succession==
[[File:Tomb of Shujauddin.jpg|thumb|Shuja-ud-Din's masouleum at Roshnibagh]]
[[File:GraveofShujauddin.jpg|thumb|Shuja-ud-Din's tomb]]
A great perturbation was caused in 1739 by the approach of Nader Shah. Shuja ud-Din fell ill and fearing his death he sent Durdan Begum and his son to Odisha. He also appointed Sarfaraz Khan as his heir and successor. He also enjoined Sarfaraz Khan to regard Haji Ahmed, Alam Chand (Roy Royan Alam Chand) and Jagat Seth as his steadfast counsellor and was to follow their advice in all affairs of moment. But, Sarfaraz Khan had no cordiality towards them and promised to obey Shuja ud-Din's commands, fearing to offend his dying father. Shuja ud-Din died on 26 August 1739 leaving behind two sons and two daughters. He lies buried in Roshnibag in Murshidabad. Shuja ud-Din Muhammad Khan was succeeded by his son, Sarfaraz Khan. His death coincided with the invasion of Delhi by Nader Shah.

In that year, Alivardi Khan (army commander of Sarfaraz Khan) with the help of Jagat Seths and few powerful land magnets deposed and killed Sarfaraz Khan. Alivardi Khan then proclaimed himself as next Nawab of Bengal.

Shuja-ud-Din left behind a very rich and prosperous Bengal to a very average successor, Sarfaraz Khan who had contenders (certainly) better than him. The Nasiri Dynasty lasted for another thirteen months and ended with Sarfaraz Khan.

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Ghulam Hussein Salim, Riyaz-us-Salatin
* Mir Gholam Hussein-Khan Tabtabai, Siyar-ul-Mutakherin
* Purna Chandra Ray, The [[Musnud]] of Murshidabad

==External links==
* [http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-suja-ud-daulla.htm Site dedicated to Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226094451/http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-suja-ud-daulla.htm |date=26 December 2018 }}
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|||Around 1670|August 26,|1739}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Sarfaraz Khan]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title=[[Nawab of Bengal]]
| years = 1 July 1727 – 26 August 1739
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Sarfaraz Khan]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Bengal Zamindars}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:1740 deaths]]
[[Category:Nawabs of Bengal]]
[[Category:Subahdars of Odisha]]
[[Category:1670 births]]
[[Category:18th-century Mughal Empire people]]

N. R. Madhava Menon

2026-05-02T05:52:26Z

KaveriKumari2: Created Entry

{{short description|Indian legal scholar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = N. R. Madhava Menon
| image = N. R. Madhava Menon.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Menon in August 2007
| birth_date = {{birth date|1935|05|04|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Trivandrum]], [[Travancore]], [[British India]]{{small|(present-day [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India)}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|5|08|1935|05|4|mf=yes}}
| death_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India
| alma_mater = [[Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram|University of Kerala]] (BSc, LLB) [[Aligarh Muslim University]] (PhD) [[Panjab University]] (MA)
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Legal educator, lawyer
| yearsactive = 1956–2019
| known for = Founding the [[National Law School of India University]] and the [[West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences]]
| spouse = Rema Devi
| domesticpartner =
| children = Ramakrishna Menon
| parents = Ramakrishna Menon (Father) Bhavani Amma (Mother)
| website =
| signature = NR Madhava Menon Signature.png
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2003) [[Padma Bhushan]] (2020) Living Legend of Law Plaque of Honour Rotary Club Award for Vocational Excellence
}}

'''Neelakanta Ramakrishna Madhava Menon''' (4 May 1935 – 8 May 2019) was an Indian civil servant, lawyer and legal educator, considered by many as the father of modern legal education in India.<ref name="Prof (Dr) N R Madhava Menon ">{{cite AV media | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDYOnxp7jBg |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/NDYOnxp7jBg |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live| title=Prof (Dr) N R Madhava Menon | publisher=YouTube | date=16 September 2009 | people=Vivek Nair | medium=Documentary}}{{cbignore}}</ref> He is the founder of [[National Law Universities]] system and first director of the [[National Law School of India University]] (NLSIU) and the [[National Judicial Academy]], [[Bhopal]] and the founder-vice-chancellor of the [[West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences]] (NUJS).<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point">{{cite book |author=Menon |first=N. R. Madhava |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl19pPHgIy4C&q=Neelakanta+Ramakrishna+Madhava+Menon&pg=PA4 |title=The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point |publisher=Universal Law Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=9788175348189 |pages=}}</ref><ref name="Business Week">{{cite web | url=http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_27/c3688062.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000818210449/http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_27/c3688062.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 August 2000 | title=Business Week | publisher=Business Week | date=2000 | access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Miles to Go">{{cite web | url=http://www.legallyindia.com/20090918202/Interviews/miles-to-go-prof-madhava-menon-interview | title=Miles to Go | publisher=Legally India | date=18 September 2009 | access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref> He has also served as Chairman of [[Indian Statistical Institute]] from 2002 to 2003.

Menon was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 2003<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Padma Awards | date=2014 | access-date=11 November 2014 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2020 by the [[Government of India]].

He was a member of the [[Law Commission of India]] and also member of several expert Committees including on Legal Aid (1973), Civil Services Examination Reform (2000-2001), and Criminal Justice Reform (2002-2003), Police Act Drafting Committee (2005-2006) and the Committee on Draft National Policy on Criminal Justice (2006-2007)
and Committee on Restructuring of Higher Education in India appointed by the Government of India. He was a [[Central Secretariat Service]] [[Civil Services of India|officer]]. The new academic block of NLSIU is named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Jyoti |date=2022-02-09 |title=Infrastructural Upgrades on the National Law School of India University Campus, Bangaluru |url=https://indianlawwatch.com/infrastructural-upgrades-on-the-national-law-school-of-india-university-campus-bangaluru/ |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Indian Law Watch |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Biography==
Menon was born on 4 May 1935 at [[Trivandrum]], [[Kerala]] in a middle-class [[Nair]] family to Bhavani Amma and Ramakrishna Menon as the fourth of their six{{Nbsp}}children. He was named after his maternal uncle.<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point" /> His father, a law graduate and a revenue officer working for the Travancore Corporation, died due to typhoid, when Menon was two years old and he was brought up by his mother, with the assistance of her brothers and sisters. His mother took up a job as a clerk at Travancore Corporation to bring up Appu, as he was known at home,{{Sfnp|Menon|2009|p=4}} and his three elder sisters and one younger brother; another one of his younger brothers died in childhood.<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point" />

Menon schooling was at [[SMV High School, Thiruvananthapuram|Sreemoolavilasam Government High School]], Thiruvananthapuram from where he passed matriculation in 1949 and completed the pre-university course in 1950, when the erstwhile two-year course was realigned as a truncated one-year course. His graduate studies were at [[S. D. College]], [[Alappuzha]] from where he passed with a [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]] in [[zoology]] in 1953.<ref name="Legal Era Profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.legalera.in/interviews/item/12838-acting-within-the-code-of-ethics-is-the-minimum-required-for-a-lawyer-dr-n-r-madhava-menon.html | title=Legal Era Profile | publisher=Legal Era | date=2014 | access-date=24 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224174340/http://www.legalera.in/interviews/item/12838-acting-within-the-code-of-ethics-is-the-minimum-required-for-a-lawyer-dr-n-r-madhava-menon.html | archive-date=24 December 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref> He also passed the ''Hindi Visharad'' course conducted by the [[Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha]] simultaneously with his graduate studies.<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point" /> He continued his studies at [[Government Law College, Ernakulam]], but shifted to [[Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram]] when the college was restarted in the capital city in 1953 and was the student editor of the college magazine in 1954–55. He passed the law course ([[Bachelor of Laws|BL]]) in 1955.<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point" /><ref name="Legal Era Profile" />

Menon died on 8 May 2019, four days after his 84th birthday, at [[Thiruvananthapuram]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/nr-madhava-menon-indian-legal-educator-passes-away-at-84-5716359/|title=NR Madhava Menon, Indian legal educator, passes away at 84|date=2019-05-08|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://barandbench.com/dr-nr-madhava-menon-passes-away/|title=Dr. NR Madhava Menon passes away|date=2019-05-08|website=Bar & Bench|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref> reportedly after battling [[liver cancer]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legallyindia.com/lawschools/rip-indian-lawyers-mourn-prof-madhava-menon-visionary-father-of-legal-education-giant-of-the-profession-20190508-10103|title=RIP: Indian lawyers mourn Prof Madhava Menon, visionary father of legal education, giant of the profession|last=Ganz|first=Kian|website=www.legallyindia.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref>

==Career==
[[File:Prof N.R Madhava Menon Presenting the Report of the committee on draft National Policy on Criminal Justice to the Union Home Minister, Shri Shivraj V. Patil in New Delhi on August 01, 2007 (1).jpg|thumb|right|N.R Madhava Menon presenting report of the committee on draft National Policy on Criminal Justice to the 25th [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister of India]] [[Shivraj Patil]] in New Delhi 2007.]]
===Law and civil service===
Menon started his career in 1955, as an apprentice to a locally known lawyer, V. Nagappan Nair, and assisted him for thirteen{{Nbsp}}months. The next year, in 1956, he registered at the [[High Court of Kerala]], in Ernakulam, as a lawyer and started practice under advocate Poovanpallil Neelakandan Pillai at the district court in Thiruvananthapuram. One year later, Menon appeared for the [[Civil Services Examination]] and got placed into the [[Central Secretariat Service]] in New Delhi. On the advice of his teacher and mentor, [[A.T. Markose]], the first director of the [[Indian Law Institute]] and the author of ''Judicial Control of Administrative Action in India'',<ref name="Judicial Control of Administrative Action in India">{{cite journal | title=Judicial Control of Administrative Action in India |journal = Harvard Law Review|volume = 70|issue = 7| publisher=Madras Law Journal Office | author=A. T. Markose | year=1956 | pages=1326–1331|jstor = 1337434}}</ref> he took up the job at Central Secretariat in New Delhi.<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point" />

While working at the secretariat, Menon continued his studies at Campus College located at [[Gole Market]], affiliated to [[Punjab University, Chandigarh, India|Punjab University]] and secured a post graduate degree (MA) in political science with distinction, in 1960. Afterwards, Menon joined [[Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University]] for further studies in law and passed the master's degree in law (LLM) and, obtaining a [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]] scholarship, continued research on the topic, ''White Collar Crime''. Teaching and doing part-time job as the warden of the ''Sir Syed Hall'' at the university, he completed his research to obtain PhD in 1965, relocated to Delhi, and married Rema Devi, the same year.<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point" /> He is the first PhD of [[Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = INSTITUTE OF OBJECTIVE STUDIES|url = http://iosworld.org/felicitation_VCs.php|website = iosworld.org|access-date = 2015-11-25|archive-date = 16 August 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150816063038/http://iosworld.org/felicitation_VCs.php|url-status = dead}}</ref> He was also the first non- Muslim to be appointed warden of a hostel at Aligarh Muslim University.<ref name=":0" />

===Academic===

In 1968, Menon joined his alma mater, [[Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University]], as a professor. The subsequent move was again to [[University of Delhi]] as a [[Reader (academic rank)|reader]] in the faculty of law, and later as the professor of the department. During his stint there, he received a [[Fulbright Scholarship]] from the [[American Council of Learned Societies]] and had the opportunity to present a paper on "Legal Aid" at [[Berkeley, California]]. He was a member of the Delhi University panel which liaised with universities from the United States such as [[Harvard University|Harvard]], [[Columbia University|Columbia]], [[University of Michigan|Michigan]] and [[Yale University|Yale]]. It was during this period that Menon published his first book, ''Law Relating to Government Control Over Private Enterprise'', co-authored by his colleague, G. Narasimhaswamy, published through Eastern Law Book Company.<ref name="Law relating to government control over private enterprise; cases and materials incorporating constitutional right to trade and business and law relating to monopolies and restrictive trade practices">{{cite book | oclc=502077096 | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=161289 | title=Law relating to government control over private enterprise; cases and materials incorporating constitutional right to trade and business and law relating to monopolies and restrictive trade practices | publisher=Eastern Law Book Co | author=Madhava Menon, N. R., Mysore, Narasimhaswamy G}}</ref> Soon, his second book, ''Law and Property'' was published by N. M. Tripathy Co.<ref name="Law and Poverty">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCzd9tEkPsoC&q=Law+and+Poverty+Madahava+Menon&pg=PA304 | title=Law and Poverty | publisher=N. M. Tripathy Co | author=Madhava Menon| isbn=9788170249825 | year=1998 }}</ref> He also published an article, co-authored by Clarke Cunningham in the [[Michigan Law Review]].<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point" />

Menon, while working in Delhi, is known to have organized the annual conference of the All India Law Teachers Association, in 1972, where he was elected as the Secretary General of the association. He has served as a member of the Committee for Implementing Legal Aid Schemes (CILAS), which was formed under the chairmanship of [[V. R. Krishna Iyer]], by the [[Indira Gandhi]] government, in connection with the [[Garibi Hatao]] programme.<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point" /> He has also served as the secretary of the [[Bar Council of India]] Trust. During an interlude, he worked as the principal of the Government Law College, Pondicherry.<ref name="Business Week" /> When the Bar Council of India decided to establish a new [[law school]] in early 1980s, Menon's services were sought and he is known to have set up the Bangalore-based [[National Law School of India University]] (NLSIU) with a {{USD|150,000|lk=on}} government grant.<ref name="Business Week" /> The school was the first in India to use the [[Harvard Law School]]'s [[case study]] method, which later became the mainstream form of [[legal education in India]]. Menon worked at NLSIU for twelve{{Nbsp}}years as the director, moving after the institution gained university status.<ref name="Business Week" />

In 1998, Menon was invited by the [[Government of West Bengal]] under [[Jyoti Basu]] to set up the [[West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences]] (NUJS) on the lines of the Bangalore initiative. As the first [[vice-chancellor]], he is known to have developed its infrastructure and educational curriculum and held the post till 2003, when the [[Supreme Court of India]] asked him to take over the responsibility as the first director of the newly formed [[National Judicial Academy]] a training centre for judges<ref name="Business Week" /> where he worked till his retirement in 2006.<ref name="Legal Era Profile" />

==Post-retirement positions==
[[File:M. Venkaiah Naidu presenting Professor N.R. Madhava Menon, Best Law Teacher Award for 2018 to Prof. R. Venkata Rao, Vice Chancellor of National Law School of India, Bengaluru.JPG|thumb|right|[[List of Vice Presidents of India|13th]] [[Vice President of India]] [[Venkaiah Naidu]] presenting Professor N.R. Madhava Menon, Best Law Teacher Award for 2018 to Prof. R. Venkata Rao, Vice Chancellor of National Law School of India.]]
After retiring from active government service in 2006, Menon was appointed by the [[Union government of India|Union Government]] as a member of the Commission on Centre-State Relations,<ref name="IGNOU">{{cite web | url=http://www.ignou.ac.in/ignou/aboutignou/school/sol/schoolboard/detail/Prof_NR_Madhava_Menon-4487 | title=IGNOU | publisher=IGNOU | date=2014 | access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref> a position he held till 2010.<ref name="Legal Era Profile" /> He also served as the Chairman of the [[Indian Statistical Institute]], Kolkata, and later, as the Chairman of the [[Centre for Development Studies]], Thiruvananthapuram. He headed the central government committee constituted to draft the National Policy on Criminal Justice and served as the Commission on Equal Opportunity.<ref name="Legal Era Profile" /> He was a member of [[Law Commission of India]] and was a member of the Committee on Restructuring of Higher Education in India as well as the Criminal Justice Reform committee.<ref name="Legal Era Profile" /> Later, Madhava Menon headed a Commission constituted as per a [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] order of April 2014 to submit recommendations on government advertisements, on which report was submitted in October 2014.<ref name="Madhava Menon Committee">{{cite web | url=http://mrunal.org/2014/10/summary-madhava-menon-committee-report-on-government-ads.html | title=Madhava Menon Committee | publisher=Madhava Menon Committee | date=2014 | access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref>

Menon was a member of the Board of Governors of the International Organization of Judicial Trainers (IOJT),<ref name="IOJT">{{cite web | url=http://www.iojt.org/ | title=IOJT | publisher=IOJT | date=2014 | access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref> was an advisor to the [[Commonwealth Family|Commonwealth Judicial Education Institute]], Canada.<ref name="Legal Era Profile" /> He held the chair of the International Bar Association on Continuing Legal Education based at NLSIU and Menon Institute of Legal Advocacy Training (MILAT),<ref name="MILAT">{{cite web | url=http://www.legallyindia.com/tag/menon-institute-of-legal-advocacy-training-milat | title=MILAT | publisher=Legally India | date=2014 | access-date=25 December 2014}}</ref> a non governmental organization founded by him in Thiruvananthapuram.<ref name="Legal Era Profile" /> He was the Chancellor of the [[Guru Ghasidas University]], [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], [[India]]<ref name="GGU">{{cite web | url=http://www.ggu.ac.in/chancellor.html | title=GGU | publisher=GGU | date=2014 | access-date=24 December 2014 | archive-date=24 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224215417/http://www.ggu.ac.in/chancellor.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> and a member of the [[Centre for Development Studies]], [[Nirma University]], Ahmedabad, Dr. Ambedkar University of Social Sciences, Delhi, [[NALSAR University of Law]], Hyderabad, [[National Law University, Jodhpur]], [[National Law University Odisha]]<ref name="Legal Era Profile" /> and the School of Law, [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]].<ref name="IGNOU" />

Menon lived in Thiruvananthapuram with his wife, Rema Devi. The couple had a son, Ramakrishna, an engineer based in Bengaluru.<ref name="University of Michigan Law School">{{cite web | url=https://www.law.umich.edu/workshopsandsymposia/intlworkshopseries/archive/Documents/NR%20Madhava%20Menon%20Bio.pdf | title=University of Michigan Law School | publisher=University of Michigan Law School | date=2014 | access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
Menon, the president of the [[Bar Council of India]] during the period, 1994–98, was conferred the ''Living Legend of Law Award'' by the [[International Bar Association]] in 1994.<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point" /><ref name="Business Week" /><ref name="University of Michigan Law School" /> He was also a recipient of the Rotary Club Award for Vocational Excellence and the ''Plaque of Honour'' from the [[Bar Council of India]].<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point" /><ref name="Business Week" /><ref name="University of Michigan Law School" /> He received the degree of ''Doctor of Law'' (Honoris Causa) from the [[National Law School of India University]] in 2001.<ref name="Business Week" /><ref name="University of Michigan Law School" /> He was a Fellow of the [[American Council of Learned Societies]] and [[Columbia University]].<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point" /> The [[Government of India]] included Menon, in 2003, in the [[Indian honours system|Republic Day honours]] list, for the civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma Awards" /> He was posthumously awarded Padma Bhushan in 2020 for his contribution in the field of Public Affairs.<ref name="Padma Awards" />

==Legacy==
Menon's contributions are known behind the establishment of two{{Nbsp}}law schools in India viz. [[National Law School of India University]], Bengaluru,<ref name="Prof Menon endorses overseas LLM degrees">{{cite web | url=http://www.legallyindia.com/20090915194/Law-schools/prof-menon-endorses-overseas-llm-degrees | title=Prof Menon endorses overseas LLM degrees | publisher=Legally India | date=16 September 2009 | access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref> and the [[West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences]], Kolkata.<ref name="University of Michigan Law School" /> He is credited with the conceptualisation of the five-year integrated LLB course, in place of the earlier three-year non-integrated course.<ref name="Miles to Go" /><ref name="University of Michigan Law School" /> His Socratic method of teaching, involving participation of law students in legal clinics, is considered by many as an innovation.<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point" /> Menon Institute of Legal Advocacy Training (MILAT), a [[non-governmental organisation]] founded by him, is involved in promoting human rights values and judicial reforms and conducting advance training programs for lawyers.<ref name="University of Michigan Law School" />
===Scholarships===
NLSIU created N R Madhava Menon Doctoral Scholarship in 2020.<ref name="MM NLSUI Scholarship">{{cite web | url=https://www.nls.ac.in/news-events/introducing-the-dr-n-r-madhava-menon-doctoral-scholarship-for-phd-students/ | title=Introducing the Dr N R Madhava Menon Doctoral Scholarship for PhD students | publisher=[[National Law School of India University]] | access-date=6 July 2024 | archive-date=6 July 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706142744/https://www.nls.ac.in/news-events/introducing-the-dr-n-r-madhava-menon-doctoral-scholarship-for-phd-students/ | url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

==Books, research papers and journals==
Menon is the author of several books, research papers and journals. A complete list of papers, books and journals authored by him is given below.
===Books===
* ''Rule of Law in a Free Society'' (Publisher: Oxford University Press; {{ISBN|9780195694420}})<ref name="Rule of law in a free society">{{cite book | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=190795988 | title=Rule of law in a free society | publisher=Nehru Centre | author=Madhava Menon | oclc=362211068}}</ref>
* ''Nehru and Indian Constitutionalism'' (Publisher: Indus Source Books; {{ISBN|9788188569793}})
* ''Reflections on Legal and Judicial Education'' (Publisher: Universal Law Publishing; {{ISBN|9788175348172}})<ref name="Prof. N.R. Madhava Menon's reflections on legal and judicial education">{{cite book | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=465911623 | title=Prof. N.R. Madhava Menon's reflections on legal and judicial education | publisher=Dewey | author=Mohan Gopal, G | oclc=348884426}}</ref>
* ''A Handbook on Clinical Legal Education'' (Publisher: Eastern Book Company; {{ISBN|9788170126317}})<ref name="A Handbook on clinical legal education">{{cite book | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=39610874 | title=A Handbook on clinical legal education | publisher=OCLC | author=Madhava Menon | oclc=56310365}}</ref>
===Research papers===
* The Transformation of Indian Legal Education- A Blue Paper (Publisher: Harvard Law School) [https://web.archive.org/web/20220812121751/https://clp.law.harvard.edu/assets/Menon_Blue_Paper.pdf Link]
Menon wrote his autobiography, ''The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point'',<ref name="The Story of a Law Teacher: Turning Point"/> besides publishing several books, articles and [[monograph]]s on a variety of legal subjects.<ref name="University of Michigan Law School" /><ref name="Listing at OCLC">{{cite web | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?search-author-txt=%22Madhava+Menon%2C+N.+R.%2C+1935-%22 | title=Listing at OCLC | publisher=OCLC | date=2014 | access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref> His notable works include:
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Law and Poverty<ref name="Law and Poverty"/>
* Law and Ethics<ref name="Law and ethics">{{cite book | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=221945990 | title=Law and ethics | publisher=OCLC | author=Madhava Menon | oclc=133531266}}</ref>
* Action Plan on Recommendations of the National Committee on Women Prisoners<ref name="Action plan on recommendations of the national committee on women prisoners">{{cite book | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=154253640 | title=Action plan on recommendations of the national committee on women prisoners | publisher=National Law School of India University | author=Madhav Menon | oclc=104526914}}</ref>
* Legal Aid and Legal Education<ref name="Legal aid and legal education : a challenge and an opportunity">{{cite book | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=219940858 | title=Legal aid and legal education : a challenge and an opportunity | publisher=University of Delhi | author=Madhava Menon | oclc=132142191}}</ref>
* Population and Law: Justics for All<ref name="Population and law : justice for all">{{cite book | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=6821920 | title=Population and law : justice for all | publisher=OCLC | author=Madhava Menon | oclc=54408427}}</ref>
* Education and Public Health<ref name="Education and public health : legislative initiatives in fifty years of the republic (1950-2000)">{{cite book | oclc=1888890622 | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=879958795 | title=Education and public health : legislative initiatives in fifty years of the republic (1950-2000) | publisher=OCLC | author=Madhava Menon}}</ref>
* A Training Manual for Police on Human Rights<ref name="A Training manual for police on human rights">{{cite book | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=42772294 | title=A Training manual for police on human rights | publisher=National School of India University | author=Madhava Menon | oclc=28017004}}</ref>
* Feminism and Law<ref name="Feminism and law">{{cite web | oclc=1216275264 | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=39219867 | title=Feminism and law | publisher=National Law School of India University | access-date=24 December 2014 | author=Madhava Menon, N. R., Kapur, Ratna}}</ref>
* Clinical Legal Education<ref name="Zhen suo shi fa lü jiao yu = Clinical legal education">{{cite book | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=298639626 | title=Zhen suo shi fa lü jiao yu = Clinical legal education | publisher=Peng xi hua | author=Madhava Menon | oclc=53908668}}</ref>
* Law Relating to Government Control Over Private Enterprise<ref name="Law relating to government control over private enterprise; cases and materials incorporating constitutional right to trade and business and law relating to monopolies and restrictive trade practices"/>
* Documents and Court Opinions on Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster Case<ref name="Documents and court opinions on Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster case : for course on tort-II (industrial and mass torts)">{{cite book | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=27106050 | title=Documents and court opinions on Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster case : for course on tort-II (industrial and mass torts) | publisher=National Law School of India | author=Madhava Menon | oclc=29279803}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Books featuring Menon==
* ''Turning Point - The Story of a Law Teacher : Memoirs of Padmashree Prof. N.R. Madhava Menon'' (Publisher: Universal Law Publishing Company; {{ISBN|9788175348189}})

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[National Law School of India University]]
* [[National Judicial Academy]]
* [[West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences]]
* [[Indian Statistical Institute]]
* [[Centre for Development Studies]]
* [[Law Commission of India]]
{{div col end}}
{{Portal|India}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Bimal Jalan]]}}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Indian Statistical Institute|Chairman of Indian Statistical Institute]]
| years = 2002 to 2003}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]}}
{{s-bef | before = }}
{{s-ttl | title = 1st [[National Law School of India University|Vice Chancellor of National Law School of India University]]
| years = }}
{{s-aft | after = }}
{{s-bef | before = }}
{{s-ttl | title = [[West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences|Vice Chancellor of West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences]]
| years = }}
{{s-aft | after = }}
{{s-bef | before = }}
{{s-ttl | title = 1st [[National Judicial Academy (India)|Director of National Judicial Academy]]
| years = }}
{{s-aft | after = }}
{{s-bef | before = }}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya|Chancellor of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya]]
| years = }}
{{s-aft | after = }}
{{s-end}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*
===Others===
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xWhS7YZELM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/2xWhS7YZELM |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live| title=Prof N R Madhav Menon on Vision for Legal Education in India at THINK INDIA SUMMIT (2/2) | publisher=Think India Tube | work=YouTube video | date=2 December 2012 | access-date=24 December 2014}}{{cbignore}}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASyqaI1zOSc |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/ASyqaI1zOSc |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live| title=Prof N R Madhav Menon on Vision for Legal Education in India at THINK INDIA SUMMIT (2/2) | publisher=Think India Tube | work=YouTube video | date=2 December 2012 | access-date=24 December 2014}}{{cbignore}}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ecLM6JZS_8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/4ecLM6JZS_8 |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live| title=Padmashree Prof. (Dr.) N.R. Madhava Menon Visited:5-1-2013, Speech part:1/3 | publisher=RNPI Law School | work=YouTube video | date=6 February 2013 | access-date=24 December 2014}}{{cbignore}}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0EAHsr5-ns |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/H0EAHsr5-ns |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live| title=Padmashree Prof. (Dr.) N.R. Madhava Menon Visited:5-1-2013, Speech part:2/3 | publisher=RNPI Law School | work=YouTube video | date=6 February 2013 | access-date=24 December 2014}}{{cbignore}}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUYYJdFhhPU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/TUYYJdFhhPU |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live| title=Padmashree Prof. (Dr.) N.R. Madhava Menon Visited:5-1-2013, Speech part:3/3 | publisher=RNPI Law School | work=YouTube video | date=6 February 2013 | access-date=24 December 2014}}{{cbignore}}

{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Public Affairs}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Menon, N. R. Madhava}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian legal scholars]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Indian government officials]]
[[Category:Central Secretariat Service officers]]
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:People from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Scientists from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:People from Kerala]]
[[Category:Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram, alumni]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in public affairs]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Indian academic administrators]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Deaths from liver cancer in India]]
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2020–2029}}

Chandra Prakash Lodhi

2026-04-30T02:18:19Z

KaveriKumari2: New post

{{Short description|Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Chandra Prakash Lodhi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|9|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
| constituency = [[Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Fatehpur]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = March 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Vikram Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Vikram Singh]]
| successor =
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| profession = Politician
}}
'''Chandra Prakash Lodhi''' is an Indian politician and a member of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from the [[Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Fatehpur Assembly constituency]] of the [[Fatehpur district]].<ref name="upla">{{Cite web |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/18240/18 |title=Members of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] |website=uplegisassembly.gov.in |access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/chandra-prakash |title=Chandra Prakash |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=prsindia.org |publisher=[[PRS Legislative Research]]}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://samajwadiparty.in/members-of-vidhan-sabha |title=Member Of Vidhan Sabha |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=samajwadiparty.in |publisher=[[Samajwadi Party]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/chandra-prakash-lodhi/ |title=Chandra Prakash Lodhi, SP MLA from Fatehpur |website=ourneta.com |access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref>

==Early life==

Chandra Prakash Lodhi was born on 1 September 1966 in [[Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh]], to a [[Hindu]] family of Krishna Dutt.<ref name="upla"/> He married Renu Verma, and they had four children.<ref name="upla"/>

== See also ==

* [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]
* [[Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Fatehpur Assembly constituency]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lodhi, Chandra Prakash}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian political people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}

Raja Choudhury

2026-04-26T16:13:35Z

KaveriKumari2: made a entry - done

{{BLP sources|date=January 2026}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Raja Choudhury
| image = RajaChoudhuryJune2019.png
| image_size =
| caption = Raja Choudhury
| birth_name = Ranjit Choudhury
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1964|06|11}}
| death_date =
| birth_place = [[Ibadan]], [[Nigeria]]
| alma mater = [[AA School of Architecture]]
| occupation = Filmmaker, Architect, Spiritual Teacher and Speaker
| spouse =Jagriti Chadha (2005 - )
}}'''Raja Choudhury''' (born Ranjit Choudhury, 11 June 1964) is a [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]] ([[India]]) winning<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/technologic/restoring-the-lost-legacies-of-brilliant-indian-minds |title=Restoring the lost legacies of brilliant Indian minds |publisher=The Sunday Guardian |date=2014-05-14 |accessdate=2014-05-14 |archive-date=17 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117125330/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/technologic/restoring-the-lost-legacies-of-brilliant-indian-minds |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/documentary-the-quantum-indians-on-indian-scientists/article6937129.ece |title= Giants of Indian science |publisher= TheHindu.com|date=2015-02-27 |accessdate=2015-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.nature.com/indigenus/2014/04/film-on-scientists-gets-national-award.html |title= Film on scientists gets national award |publisher= Nature Magazine|date=2014-04-22 |accessdate=2014-04-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20140202/2332639.html |title=The Quantum Indians wins Golden Beaver Award for Best Public Science Film in 2013 |publisher=webindia123.com |date=2014-02-02 |accessdate=2014-02-21 |archive-date=8 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308070819/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20140202/2332639.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> documentary film maker,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2529130/ |title=Raja Choudhury's profile at the Internet Movie Database |publisher=IMDB |accessdate=2012-07-07}}</ref> architect, public speaker, spiritual teacher on The Shift Network, and designer of multimedia installations and events<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/24204_Coca-Colas-touch-screen-entertainment-kiosks/ |title= AFAQS article - Coca-Cola's touch-screen entertainment kiosks |publisher=afaqs.com |date=2009-06-09 |accessdate=2012-07-07}}</ref> and Web sites, some of which have received [[Webby Award]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/current_honorees.php?media_id=96&category_id=53&season=12/ |title=Webby Honoree CBCWorldwide.com |publisher=WebbyAwards.com |accessdate=2012-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/current_honorees.php?media_id=96&category_id=40&season=12/ |title=Webby Honoree OurWeddingDay.com |publisher=WebbyAwards.com |accessdate=2012-07-07}}</ref>
==Early Career in Digital Media==

In 1993 Choudhury, Mudimo Okondo, and Emma Westecott founded Zone UK, a digital design company in [[London]]. Choudhury designed the VID Zone Kiosk Network at Tower Records and HMV stores in London. The kiosk was described as "The Best Public Demo of Multimedia Ever" by Design Technology Magazine. In 1995 the team at Zone launched the UK's first CDROM Music & Lifestyle Magazine UnZip<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/home/ipc-launches-magazines-on-cd-rom/2011397.article/ |title=Marketing Week article on Zone UK and IPC's launch of UnZip 1995 |publisher=Marketingweek.co.uk |date=1995-03-10 |accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> with [[IPC Magazines]] which was awarded a Milia D’Or at [[Mipcom]] in [[Cannes]] in 1996. Zone was the first company in the UK to introduce kiosk and the Internet into music stores, night clubs and university bars. In 1997 Zone installed multimedia kiosks in 10 London universities, providing the MeTV Network for students. Choudhury moved to [[New York City]] in 1998 and designed the FastTake Video Kiosk Network, the online launches of [[Softbank]], NetValue and [[BT Conferencing]], and became creative director for agencies [[Cohn & Wolfe]] and Converseon. In 2007 he designed Websites [[Webby Award|Webby]] Honorees in 2008: OurWeddingDay.com and CBCWorldwide.com. In 2008 he produced India's first multimedia broadband kiosk entertainment network for [[Coca-Cola]] called the Dilli Dil Se Network<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/24204_Coca-Colas-touch-screen-entertainment-kiosks/ |title= AFAQS article - Coca-Cola's touch-screen entertainment kiosks |publisher=afaqs.com |date=2009-06-09 |accessdate=2012-07-07}}</ref> in time for the 2009 [[Indian Premier League]] offering videos, video chat, facts, results, games, social networking and mobile downloads. The touch-screen kiosks were available at 30 locations across New Delhi. Since 2009, Raja has continued to work in the digital space advising large brands and non-profit organizations including tGELF, Alchemist Group and The Shift Network.

==Documentary films==
Choudhury's first documentary film as a co-producer and art director was "Desi: South Asians of New York" for [[PBS]] [[Channel Thirteen]] in 2000 with Glazer Creative in New York. He then started publishing a newsletter entitled Universal Quest with [[A.T. Mann]]. He went on to produce numerous videos for the [[American India Foundation]], the [[Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center]] and others. In 2006 he produced his first documentary film "Spirituality in the Modern World" which captured a dialogue between [[Ken Wilber]] and [[Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche]]. The DVD was released in 2007.{{Citation needed|date=April 2026}}

[[File:Raja Choudhury Film Montage.jpg|thumb|Raja Choudhury Films and Awards]]
In 2010 Raja produced his second documentary film "I Believe: Universal Values for a Global Society"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article1523845.ece |title=India is an emerging idea, not just an emerging market |publisher=The Hindu Newspaper |date=2011-03-10 |accessdate=2012-07-07}}</ref> on the beliefs of [[Karan Singh]]. The film was launched by India's Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] in March 2011, and was shown on India's national public TV network [[Doordarshan]]. In 2011 he produced the film "The Modern Mystic" on the spiritual teacher Sri M of Madanapalle. The DVD was launched in Bangalore India in October 2011. Both films were selected for the Spirit Enlightened Film Festival at CultureUnplugged.com. In 2012 he produced "The 21st Century Indian" profiling [[S. M. Krishna]], India's Minister of External Affairs. In August 2013 Choudhury launched the film The Quantum Indians<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.nature.com/indigenus/2013/08/what-can-india-learn-from-bose-raman-saha.html |title=What can India learn from Bose, Raman & Saha? |publisher=Nature Magazine Blog |date=2013-08-07 |accessdate=2013-12-17}}</ref> about the great Indian scientists [[Satyendranath Bose]], [[CV Raman]] and [[Meghnad Saha]] for the Public Service Broadcasting Trust of India (PSBT) and the Public Diplomacy Division of the Ministry of External Affairs of India. This film won the [[National Film Award for Best Educational/Motivational/Instructional Film]] of 2013 and also the prestigious Golden Beaver Award given by the Indian Department of Science and Technology, [[Vigyan Prasar]], as the Best Public Science Film of 2013. He also produced 2 acclaimed films on Yoga Yoga: Aligning to the Source on the origins, mythology, practice, and history of Yoga was launched on 26 November 2013 and includes appearances by [[BKS Iyengar]], [[Karan Singh]] and [[Devdutt Pattanaik]] and India's official film celebrating the International Day of Yoga entitled Yoga Harmony with Nature which was released on 21 June 2015.

In 2024, Raja completed the production of a film for Public Television in the US called America's First Guru, which tells the story of Swami Vivekananda and how his arrival in Chicago in 1893 led to a spiritual revolution in American culture, words, and consciousness. The film is presented by WTTW Chicago and distributed by NETA.{{Citation needed|date=April 2026}}

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Film/show
! Role
! Notes
|-
|2000
|Desi: South Asians of New York PBS Doc
|Coproducer/Art Director
|First production on the South Asians of New York City; Culture Food, Politics, History.
|-
| 2006
| Spirituality in the Modern World: A Dialogue with Ken Wilber and Traleg Rinpoche
| Producer and Director
| ([[Documentary Film]])
|-
| rowspan="2"|2011
| I Believe: Universal Values for a Global Society
| Producer and Director
| [[Documentary Film]] on [[Dr. Karan Singh]] and his vision for India and Humanity. Launched by PM Manmohan Singh in 2012
|-
| The Modern Mystic: Sri M of Madanapalle
| Producer and Director
| [[Documentary Film]] on spiritual teacher, educator, interfaith activist and beloved Guru to many, Sri M (Mumtaz Ali)
|-
| 2012
| The 21st Century Indian: Wisdom in Action S.M.Krishna
| Producer and Director
| [[Documentary Film]] on SM Krishna, the Chief Minister of Karnataka who was responsible for making Bangalore the Silicon Valley of India
|-
| rowspan="2"|2013
| The Quantum Indians: Bose, Saha and Raman
| Writer and Director
| [[Documentary Film]] on the great Indian scientists Raman, Bose and Saha produced by PSBT and PD/XP of the MEA - winner of 2014 National Film Award for Best Educational Film of 2013 and winner of the Vigyan Prashar Golden Beaver Award for Best Science Film
|-
| Yoga: Aligning to the Source
| Writer and Director
| [[Documentary Film]] on the essence and origins of Yoga produced by PSBT and PD/XP of the MEA
|-
|2015
| Yoga: Harmony wIth Nature
| Writer and Director
| [[Documentary Film]] on the origins, history, practice and worldwide spread of Yoga in celebration of the UN's International Day of Yoga on 21 June 2015 - produced by the PD/XP Division of the Ministry of External Affairs - Premiering June 2015
|-
|2017
| Devipuram: Guruji Amritananda
| Writer and Director
| [[Documentary Film]] on Guruji Amritananda, a nuclear physicist who became India's leading exponent of Sri Vidya and Goddess worship - produced by the Sri Vidya Trust. Premiered in 2017
|-
| 2023
| America's First Guru
| Writer and Director
| [[Documentary Film]] on Swami Vivekananda and the story of how Yoga and Hinduism first came to America with his arrival in 1893 at the World's Parliament of Religions. Premiering in the fall of 2023 on PBS with WTTW Chicago as the presenting station. Will be shown theatrically worldwide and on PBS in the US.
|}

==Major Web and Multimedia Projects==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Project
! Role
! Details and Awards
|-
| 1993-1997
| VID Zone Kiosk Network, UK
| Creative Director and Founder
| UK based Music Video and Interactive Touch Screen Kiosk Network at Tower Records, HMV Stores, Night Clubs, London University Bars and other Retail Outlets across London UK. Described as the "Best public demo of Multimedia ever" by Design Technology Magazine
|-
| 1995-1996
| UnZip CD ROM Music Magazine, UK
| Creative Director and CoFounder with [[IPC Magazines]]
| Europe's first CDROM Multimedia Magazine on Music, Lifestyle and Branded entertainment. Winner of Milia D'Orat MipCOM Cannes 1996
|-
| 1999
| FastTake Video Kiosk Network, USA
| Creative Director
| Design of 300 touchscreen kiosk network for Video Retail across US market
|-
| 2000
| NetValue.com Launch
| Creative Director
| US Launch of leading Digital Metrics Company
|-
| 2001
| BTConferencing.com Launch
| Creative Director
| US Launch of BT's flagship online conferencing brand
|-
| 2004
| Softbank.com Redesign
| Creative Director
| Redesign of Global Bank Sofbank's online presence
|-
| 2005-2006
| Community Church of New York
| Creative Director and Lead Strategist
| Rebranding and redefining of vision for leading New York Unitarian Church and Community
|-
| 2006-2008
| OurWeddingDay.com
| Creative Director
| 2008 Webby Honoree Award Winner
|-
| 2007
| CBCWorldwide.com
| Creative Director
| 2008 Webby Honoree Award Winner for Coldwell Banker Commercial
|-
| 2009
| Coca-Cola Dilli-Dil Se Kiosk Network, India
| Creative Director
| Online touch screen multimedia network at 30 locations across New Delhi and Website celebrating Coca-Cola's sponsorship of the Delhi Daredevils in the IPL
|-
| 2011-2012
| AlchemistGroup.com, India
| Creative Director
| Redesign of online presence of US$2 Billion Indian conglomerate
|-
| 2012-2015
| tGELF.org, India
| Creative Director
| Online and Video launch of The Global Education and Leadership Foundation
|-
| 2015
| TheShiftNetwork.com, US
| Creative Director
| Redesign of one of US' largest Conscious Media company's online presence
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm2529130|Raja Choudhury}}
*[https://www.rajachoudhury.com Raja Choudhury's Official Website]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhury, Raja}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Filmmakers from Ibadan]]
[[Category:Film directors from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian filmmakers]]
[[Category:Indian documentary film directors]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:University of Waterloo alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Architectural Association School of Architecture]]

Antarrashtriya Maithili Parishad

2026-04-25T19:56:34Z

KaveriKumari2: Starting a article and citations

{{Short description|Social organisation in Mithila}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Antarrashtriya Maithili Parishad
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1993|06|20}}
| native_name = अंतरराष्ट्रीय मैथिली परिषद
| native_name_lang = mai
| founder = Dr. Dhanakar Thakur
| founding_location = [[Ranchi]]
| region_served = [[Mithila region]]
| language = Maithili
}}
'''Antarrashtriya Maithili Parishad''' ({{langx|mai|अंतरराष्ट्रीय मैथिली परिषद}}) is an organization dedicated to the promotion and preservation of the [[Maithili language]], culture, and the overall development of the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]], which spans parts of [[India]] ([[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]]) and [[Nepal]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=अंतरराष्ट्रीय मैथिली परिषद के 28 वें स्थापना दिवस पर भारत, नेपाल, अमेरिका से एक साथ उठी अलग मिथिला राज्य की मांग - On the 28th Foundation Day of International Maithili Council demand for separate Mithila state arose from India Nepal America together |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-on-the-28th-foundation-day-of-international-maithili-council-demand-for-separate-mithila-state-arose-from-india-nepal-america-together-21756341.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> It was established on 20 June 1993, during the first international Maithili conference held in [[Ranchi]], India.<ref>{{Cite news |title=अंतरराष्ट्रीय मैथिली परिषद का 31 वां स्थापना दिवस समारोह संपन्न |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur/story-international-maithili-parishad-39-s-31st-foundation-day-ceremony-concluded-8335272.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> It has a widespread network across India and in several districts of the [[Terai|Terai region]] of Nepal. It represents the interests of the Maithili-speaking community to government bodies and other relevant institutions. It has played a role in significant achievements like the inclusion of Maithili in the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India|Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution]] and its recognition as an official language in Jharkhand and provinces of Nepal. It also advocates the demand for the creation of separate [[Mithila (proposed Indian state)|Mithila state]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=अंतरराष्ट्रीय मैथिली सम्मेलन में मिथिला राज्य निर्माण पर विचार - अंतरराष्ट्रीय मैथिली सम्मेलन में मिथिला राज्य निर्माण पर विचार - Bihar Saharsa Local News |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/saharsa-programme-in-saharsa-22657084.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Organisations based in Ranchi]]
[[Category:Social responsibility organizations]]
[[Category:Mithila (region)]]
[[Category:Maithili language]]

{{India-org-stub}}

Multilingualism in India

2026-04-25T15:32:16Z

KaveriKumari2: Created Bio

{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
[[File:Danger sign in India.jpeg|thumb|A danger sign in India containing 8 language, all using different scripts.]]
[[File:Road_sign_Kochi.jpeg|thumb|A pentalingual highway sign in Kochi written in Malayalam, English, Hindi, Tamil and Kannada.]]

The [[Constitution of India]] designates the [[official languages]] of India as [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rajbhasha.nic.in/UI/pagecontent.aspx?pc=MzU=|title=Constitutional Provisions: Official Language Related Part-17 of The Constitution Of India|publisher=Department of Official Language, [[Government of India]]|accessdate=1 July 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201081439/http://rajbhasha.nic.in/UI/pagecontent.aspx?pc=MzU%3D|archivedate=1 February 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The number of bilingual speakers in India is 314.9 million, which is 26% of the population in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/hindi-migrants-speaking-marathi-rise-to-60-lakh/articleshow/66061624.cms|title=Hindi migrants speaking Marathi rise to 60 lakh|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>

==Multilingualism==
===Hindi===
Hindi is one of the official languages of India and had 528 million native speakers as of the 2011 Census. About 139 million Indians speak Hindi as a second language and 24 million speak it as their third language.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+First, second, and third languages by number of speakers in India (2011 Census)<ref name="fulllangdatacensus 2011">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-languagesintersect-in-india/story-g3nzNwFppYV7XvCumRzlYL.html|title=How languages intersect in India|date=22 November 2018|publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/static/iframes/language_probability_interactive/index.html|title=How many Indians can you talk to?}}</ref>
!Language
!First language speakers<ref name="1971-2001">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf|title=Census of India: Comparative speaker's strength of Scheduled Languages-1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011|last=ORGI|publisher=}}</ref>
!First language speakers as a percentage of total population
!Second language speakers <ref name=":0" />
!Third language speakers <ref name=":0" />
!Total speakers
!Total speakers as a percentage of total population
|-
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|528,347,193
|43.63
|139,000,000
|24,000,000
|692,000,000
|57.1
|-
|[[English language|English]]
|259,678
|0.02
|83,000,000
|46,000,000
|129,000,000
|10.6
|-
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|97,237,669
|8.3
|9,000,000
|1,000,000
|107,000,000
|8.9
|-
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|83,026,680
|7.09
|13,000,000
|3,000,000
|99,000,000
|8.2
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|81,127,740
|6.93
|12,000,000
|1,000,000
|95,000,000
|7.8
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|69,026,881
|5.89
|7,000,000
|1,000,000
|77,000,000
|6.3
|-
|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
|55,492,554
|4.74
|4,000,000
|1,000,000
|60,000,000
|5
|-
|[[Urdu]]
|50,772,631
|4.34
|11,000,000
|1,000,000
|63,000,000
|5.2
|-
|[[Kannada]]
|43,706,512
|3.73
|14,000,000
|1,000,000
|59,000,000
|4.94
|-
|[[Odia language|Odia]]
|37,521,324
|3.2
|5,000,000
|390,000
|43,000,000
|3.56
|-
|[[Malayalam]]
|34,838,819
|2.97
|500,000
|210,000
|36,000,000
|2.9
|-
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|33,124,726
|2.83
|2,230,000
|720,000
|36,600,000
|3
|-
|[[Assamese language|Assamese]]
|15,311,351
|1.26
|7,488,153
|740,402
|23,539,906
|1.94
|-
|[[Sanskrit]]
|0<ref>{{Cite web|title=Searching for Sanskrit Speakers in the Indian Census|url=https://thewire.in/culture/india-census-sanskrit|access-date=2021-02-09|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Myth of 'Sanskrit Villages' and the Realm of Soft Power|url=https://thewire.in/society/sanskrit-soft-power|access-date=2021-02-09|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sreevatsan|first=Ajai|date=2014-08-10|title=Where are the Sanskrit speakers?|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/where-are-the-sanskrit-speakers/article6299433.ece|access-date=2021-02-09|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|0
|1,230,000
|1,960,000
|3,190,000
|0.19
|}

===Multilingualism by state===
Combined percentages of first, second and third language speakers of Hindi and English in India from the 2011 Census.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hindi-the-first-choice-of-people-in-only-12-states/article27459774.ece|title = Hindi the first choice of people in only 12 States|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 4 June 2019|last1 = Sen|first1 = Sumant}}</ref>
[[File:Trilingual Signboard at Bhubaneswar Railway Station Ticket Counter.jpg|thumb|350px|Trilingualism is common in Railway Stations of India. This signboard of a ticket counter in [[Bhubaneswar Railway Station]] has text in [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]].]]
[[File:Trilingual signboard in the Imphal International Airport (Tulihal International Airport) displaying in Meitei, Hindi and English languages.jpg|thumb|350px|Multilingualism is also common in the international airports in India. The signboard is displayed in the [[Imphal International Airport]] in [[Meitei language|Meitei]], [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]].]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Hindi and English Proficiency in 2011<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-17.html |title= Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113211224/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-17.html |archive-date=2019-11-13}}</ref>
!State or union territory
!Hindi
!English
|-
|'''India'''
|57.11%
|10.62%
|-
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|79.87%
|21.94%
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]] (incl. [[Telangana]])
|12.59%
|13.06%
|-
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|62.76%
|23.08%
|-
|[[Assam]]
|25.24%
|8.05%
|-
|[[Bihar]]
|89.37%
|2.72%
|-
|[[Chandigarh]]
|94.05%
|41.62%
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|93.64%
|2.29%
|-
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
|57.50%
|10.34%
|-
|[[Daman and Diu]]
|76.19%
|15.38%
|-
|[[Delhi]]
|96.75%
|31.72%
|-
|[[Goa]]
|53.34%
|41.80%
|-
|[[Gujarat]]
|43.63%
|12.44%
|-
|[[Haryana]]
|95.34%
|15.59%
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|96.57%
|10.64%
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] (incl. [[Ladakh]])
|38.00%
|15.98%
|-
|[[Jharkhand]]
|85.43%
|5.15%
|-
|[[Karnataka]]
|12.27%
|11.83%
|-
|[[Kerala]]
|9.12%
|20.15%
|-
|[[Lakshadweep]]
|17.87%
|19.30%
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|95.74%
|5.44%
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]
|52.09%
|14.32%
|-
|[[Manipur]]
|18.44%
|31.62%
|-
|[[Meghalaya]]
|13.95%
|15.61%
|-
|[[Mizoram]]
|7.01%
|15.50%
|-
|[[Nagaland]]
|15.89%
|32.57%
|-
|[[Odisha]]
|18.76%
|17.23%
|-
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|3.87%
|28.10%
|-
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|51.04%
|30.05%
|-
|[[Rajasthan]]
|95.04%
|4.55%
|-
|[[Sikkim]]
|47.96%
|27.69%
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|2.11%
|18.49%
|-
|[[Tripura]]
|9.95%
|7.53%
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|97.40%
|6.42%
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|97.19%
|8.36%
|-
|[[West Bengal]]
|13.83%
|6.70%
|}

==See also==
* [[Languages of India]]
* [[Languages with official status in India]]
* [[List of languages by number of native speakers in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Languages of India}}
{{Asia topic|Languages of}}
{{India topics}}

[[Category:Languages of India|*]]
[[Category:Multilingualism|India]]

Ganba Desai

2026-04-23T07:17:41Z

KaveriKumari2: New new stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ganba Desai
| image = Ganba Desai.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = Official portrait in 1972
| birth_name = Ganba Bhagdu Desai
| birth_place = [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| death_date = Unknown
| office1 = [[Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly|Member of Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor1 = ''constituency established''
| party = [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]] (1963–1977)
| successor1 = [[Manju Naik Gaonkar]]
| term_start1 = 1963
| term_end1 = 1967
| constituency1 = [[Canacona Assembly constituency|Canacona]]
| predecessor2 = [[Manju Naik Gaonkar]]
| majority1 = 5,854 (64.08%)
| majority2 = 5,874 (55.37%)
| successor2 = [[Vasu Gaonkar]]
| constituency2 = Canacona
| term_start2 = 1972
| term_end2 = 1977
| occupation = Politician
}}

'''Ganba Bhagdu Desai'''{{efn|his first name, Ganba is also spelled as Ganaba according to [https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3843-goa-1972/]}} was an Indian politician. He was a former member of the [[Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly]], representing the [[Canacona Assembly constituency]] from 1963 to 1967 and 1972 to 1977.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Goa Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/member_detail.php?mem_id=203 |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=www.goavidhansabha.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Assembly |first=Goa, Daman and Diu (India) Legislative |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjgIAQAAIAAJ&q=Ganba+Desai |title=Debates; Official Report |date=1965 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OHboAAAAMAAJ&q=Ganba+Desai |title=Goa Today |date=1971 |publisher=Goa Publications |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Diu (India) |first=Goa, Daman and |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8iY4iHdGRsC&q=Ganba+Desai |title=Government Gazette. Boletim Oficial |date= April 1964|language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Desai had contested in the [[1963 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] from the [[Canacona Assembly constituency]] on the [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]] (MGP) ticket and emerged victorious, he served from 1962 to 1967. He then successfully contested in the [[1972 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] from the same consistency on the MGP ticket and defeated [[United Goans (Sequiera Group)]] candidate, P. D. Shrirang Padmanaba by a margin of 2,433 votes. He served for five years from 1972 to 1977. This marked Desai's last election participation in his political career.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhG2AAAAIAAJ&q=Ganba+Bhagdu+Desai |title=The Times of India Directory & Yearbook, Including Who's who |date=1976 |publisher=Times of India Press |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reed |first=Sir Stanley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G2LVAAAAMAAJ&q=Ganba+Bhagdu+Desai |title=Indian and Pakistan Year Book and Who's who |date=1977 |publisher=Bennett, Coleman. |language=en}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Desai, Ganba}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party politicians]]
[[Category:Goa, Daman and Diu MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Politicians from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Goa, Daman and Diu MLAs 1963–1967]]

Thala (2021 film)

2026-04-20T23:39:29Z

KaveriKumari2:

{{Short description|Malayalam film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thala
| image =
| caption = ''Official Poster''
| director = [[Khais Millen]]
| writer = [[Khais Millen]]
| producer = [[Khais Millen]]
 Roshan Mahamood Soji Khais Nihal Abdulkhader
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Surabhi Lakshmi]]
*Binoy Antony
*[[Shaalin Zoya]]
*Murugan Martin
*Jinu Kuttikkatt
*[[Sreevidya Mullachery]]
*Sneha Anu
*Akhil
*Roma S Lenin
*Aaromal Thirumurukan
}}
| cinematography = Rajesh Rethnas
| editing = Sarath Geetha Lal
| music = Ankit Menon
| studio = Better Earth Entertainments Mania Movie Magix International
| distributor = Mania Reels
| released = {{Film date|2021}} 18 April 2026 (India)
| runtime = 110 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Thala''''' ({{translation|The Head}}) is a 2021 Indian independent children's film written and directed by [[Khais Millen]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.madhyamam.com/lifestyle/woman/actress-sneha-anu-get-state-film-award-1014111|title=രാജാജി നഗറിന് ഇത് സ്നേഹസമ്മാനം|date=29 May 2022|via=Madhyamam|access-date=16 September 2023|archive-date=24 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824223139/https://www.madhyamam.com/lifestyle/woman/actress-sneha-anu-get-state-film-award-1014111|url-status=live}}</ref> It was produced by Better Earth Entertainment in association with Mania Movie Magix International. The film stars [[Surabhi Lakshmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/interview-malayalam-actor-surabhi-lakshmi/article36489867.ece/|title=A good role is worth the wait|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 September 2021|last1=M|first1=Athira|access-date=16 September 2023|archive-date=25 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825075535/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/interview-malayalam-actor-surabhi-lakshmi/article36489867.ece/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Thala premiered at DIFF-Newyork and was shown at the NIFF-New Delhi, SIFF Sweden, and Pan African Film Festival Nigeria. At the [[52nd Kerala State Film Awards]], the film won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist|Best Child Artist]] (female) award for Sneha Anu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/52nd-kerala-state-film-awards-complete-list-of-winners/photostory/91837368.cms?picid=91837599|title=52nd Kerala State Film Awards: Complete list of winners - Other categories|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=16 September 2023|archive-date=1 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001192856/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/52nd-kerala-state-film-awards-complete-list-of-winners/photostory/91837368.cms?picid=91837599|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/women/best-child-artist-sneha-anu/1024219|title=രാജാജി നഗറിലെ സൂപ്പർ സ്റ്റാർ|via=Deshabhimani|access-date=16 September 2023|archive-date=21 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821092608/https://www.deshabhimani.com/women/best-child-artist-sneha-anu/1024219|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Premise==
An abandoned human head (in [[Malayalam]] 'Thala' means 'head') is found by some slum kids.
==Cast==
The film is mostly a [[Child actor|child actors]] production. Most of the cast is therefore composed of newcomers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-05-16 |title=Surabhi Lakshmi plays a slum dweller in 'Thala' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/surabhi-lakshmi-plays-a-slum-dweller-in-thala/articleshow/82679609.cms |access-date=2023-10-04 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The producers claim it introduced 333 new faces to the cinema industry, all of them originating from local slums.{{Cn|date=October 2023}}{{castlist|
*[[Surabhi Lakshmi]] as ''Muthu''
*Binoy Antony as ''Appu''
*[[Shaalin Zoya]] as ''Manikutty''
*Murugan Martin as ''Stalin''
*Jinu Kuttikkatt as ''Kalaam''
*[[Sreevidya Mullachery]] as ''Maala''
*Sneha Anu as ''Mullu''
*Akhil as ''Chakochi''
*Arun Nayar as ''Ayyappan''
*Roma S Lenin as ''Roma''
*Roshan S Lenin as ''Roshan''
*Aaromal Thirumurukan as Aaromal
*Harikrishnan Sanu as Ganesan
*Shah Muhammed as Sudheeran
}}
== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award/Festival
!Category
!Judging Status
!Recipient
!Ref
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
|[[52nd Kerala State Film Awards]]
|[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist|Best Child Artist]]
|Winner
|Sneha Anu
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/national/teen-from-kerala-bagged-the-best-child-artist-honour-in-te-state-film-awards-2021-745557 | title=Teen From Kerala Bagged The Best Child Artist Honour | website=Hans India | access-date=19 September 2023 | archive-date=19 September 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919055631/https://www.thehansindia.com/news/national/teen-from-kerala-bagged-the-best-child-artist-honour-in-te-state-film-awards-2021-745557 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-29 |title=This young award winner makes her family proud |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/this-young-award-winner-makes-her-family-proud/articleshow/91863709.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-04 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820175237/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/this-young-award-winner-makes-her-family-proud/articleshow/91863709.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|9th Noida International Film Festival
|Best Film Editing
|Winner
|[[Sarath Geetha Lal]]
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://miniboxoffice.com/noidainternationalfilmfestival/news.php?id=NjgxNQ== | title=Best Editing | website=9th NIFF | access-date=18 September 2023 | archive-date=27 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227081107/https://miniboxoffice.com/noidainternationalfilmfestival/news.php?id=NjgxNQ== | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|Boden International Film Festival
|Best Feature Film
|Winner
|[[Khais Millen]]
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://bodenfilmfestival.se/thala/ | title=Best Feature Film | website=Boden Film Festival | access-date=18 September 2023 | archive-date=19 September 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919055634/https://bodenfilmfestival.se/thala/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Thala
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Ankit Menon
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{start date|df=y|2021|2|17}}
| recorded = 2021–2022
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=11|s=57}}
| language = Malayalam
| label = [[Muzik 247|Muzik247]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|_mnaO991nsM|Thala (Official Audio Song)}}}}
{{Singles
| name = Thala
| type = Soundtrack
| single1 = Poonkodiye
| single1date = 17 February 2021
| single2 = Thala Pokki Pidiyeda Mone
| single2date = 15 May 2021
| single3 = Urunduveena
| single3date = 1 February 2022
}}}}

The songs were composed by Ankit Menon, produced and arranged by Ankit Menon.

'''Thala'''
{{tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Poonkodiye
| music1 = Ankit Menon
| extra1 = [[Sid Sriram]]
| lyrics1 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]
| length1 = 05:20
| title2 = Thala Pokki Pidiyeda Mone
| music2 = Ankit Menon
| extra2 = [[Gana Bala]]
| lyrics2 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]
| length2 = 04:10
| title3 = Urunduveena
| music3 = Ankit Menon
| lyrics3 = [[Khais Millen]]
| extra3 = [[Ranjin Raj]]
| length3 = 03:10
}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|11349746}}

[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:2021 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian children's films]]

Narinder Kaur Bharaj

2026-04-20T05:41:40Z

KaveriKumari2: Created New Stub

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Narinder Kaur Bharaj
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|8|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sangrur district|Bharaj]], [[Punjab, India]]
| office = [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Sangrur Assembly constituency|Sangrur]]
| term_start = 10 March 2022
| predecessor = [[Vijay Inder Singla]]
| successor =
| office1 = District Youth President, [[AAP Punjab]]
| constituency1 = [[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]
| term_start1 = 6 November 2018
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| alma_mater = [[Punjabi University]]
| website =
}}
'''Narinder Kaur Bharaj''' is an Indian politician and lawyer, and the member of legislative assembly from [[Sangrur Assembly constituency]]. She defeated the incumbent cabinet minister [[Vijay Inder Singla]] of [[Indian National Congress]] in [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022 elections]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Sangrur, Punjab Assembly Election Results 2022 LIVE Updates |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/sangrur-punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-1922950-2022-03-09 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Also, she became the youngest MLA in Punjab.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-11 |title=Women double their representation in Punjab assembly |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/women-double-their-representation-in-punjab-assembly-101646945449781.html |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> She is also District youth president of [[Aam Aadmi Party]].

==Early life==
Bharaj was born on 17 August 1994 to father Gurnam Singh.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/eyJpdiI6InI4SDM4VXlwUTB0dUt5emR2U1hneXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoia0lnMmJodGNjN3hQenFkaDhHVWtxZz09IiwibWFjIjoiNmVlOTk4MWYzYTc2Y2M1NjlmY2UxMzJmOWRiYWU4NzEzMWQ3MmFlZTExYWQ0Y2I5YzM3M2UzNjMyZjU1MWVkZiJ9/MjM=/MTM=/Mw==/QUM= |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=affidavit.eci.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Narinder Kaur Bharaj (ਨਰਿੰਦਰ ਕੌਰ ਭਰਾਜ) - Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/narinderkauraap |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> Her father Gurnam Singh is a farmer. She pursued post graduation in Sociology from [[Punjabi University]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=AAP campaign in Punjab rides on girl power |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/jan/29/aap-campaign-in-punjab-rides-on-girl-power-1564793.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> She completed law in a private college in [[Sangrur]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |author=Neel Kamal|date=Mar 20, 2019 |title=AAP split brings its key women campaigners face to face {{!}} Amritsar News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/aap-split-brings-its-key-women-campaigners-face-to-face/articleshow/68489528.cms |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="The Chosen 12 March 2022">{{cite news|last1=Goyal |first1=Divya |title=The Chosen 13: 'Padwoman', Moga's doctor among Punjab's women MLAs |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/punjab-elections-results-aap-victory-congress-sad-candidates-7816401/ |access-date=20 March 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=12 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

On 8 October 2022, she married Mandeep Singh, an AAP member.<ref>{{cite news |title=AAP MLA Bharaj ties knot with party volunteer in Patiala |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/state-editions/aap-mla-bharaj-ties-knot-with-party-volunteer-in-patiala.html |access-date=8 October 2022 |work=The Pioneer |date=8 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==
Bharaj started her political career in 2014 in a campaign for [[Bhagwant Mann]] in Sangrur. She was the only polling booth agent for Mann in her village.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ohri |first=Raghav |title=Lok Sabha polls: Teenager stands up for AAP against muscle power in Punjab |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/lok-sabha-polls-teenager-stands-up-for-aap-against-muscle-power-in-punjab/articleshow/34506599.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-03-11}}</ref> In 2018, she became district youth president and spokesperson of Aam Aadmi Party in [[Sangrur district|Sangrur]].

===2022 elections===
On 26 December 2021, she was announced candidate of [[Aam Aadmi Party]] from [[Sangrur Assembly constituency|Sangrur]] constituency for [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022 assembly elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2021-12-26 |title=Punjab Elections 2022: AAP releases fourth list of 15 candidates. List here |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/punjab-elections-2022-aap-releases-fourth-list-of-15-candidates-list-here-11640522524157.html |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=livemint.com |language=en}}</ref> She was among the front runners for the ticket among Minku Jawandha and Dinesh Bansal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Ticket aspirants out to woo parties in Sangrur |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/ticket-aspirants-out-to-woo-parties-in-sangrur-303484 |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> After her name was announced Bansal and some other party workers protested at Bhagwant Mann's residence against her candidature.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Sangrur AAP candidate Narinder Kaur Bharaj faces opposition from party leaders |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sangrur-aap-candidate-faces-opposition-from-party-leaders-356421 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Disgruntled AAP leaders protest at Bhagwant Mann's house |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/disgruntled-aap-leaders-protest-at-manns-house-357373 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311163701/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/disgruntled-aap-leaders-protest-at-manns-house-357373 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She filed her nomination on 28 January 2022.<ref name=":2" /> She declared her assets worth ₹24,409, one of the lowest in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Vinod Kumar|date=Mar 12, 2022 |title=Over 74% Of Newly Elected Mlas Are Crorepatis {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/over-74-of-newly-elected-mlas-are-crorepatis/articleshow/90161036.cms |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-12 |title=Woman power in Punjab assembly |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/woman-power-in-punjab-assembly-101647029543767.html |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> She faced cabinet minister [[Vijay Inder Singla]], and former MLA [[Arvind Khanna]] as opponents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Narinder Kaur Bharaj vs Vijay Inder Singla: AAP greenhorn takes on Congress heavyweight in Sangrur |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/feb/07/narinder-kaur-bharaj-vs-vijay-inder-singla-aap-greenhorn-takes-on-congress-heavyweight-in-sangrur-2416438.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-29 |title=Punjab poll buzz: Haves vs have-not and more |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/punjab-poll-buzz-haves-vs-have-not-and-more-101643398444886.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> On 10 March 2022, she secured 74,851 votes (51.67%), and defeated Singla with margin of 36,430 votes, highest-ever in Sangrur.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Bharat Khanna|date=Mar 11, 2022 |title=Punjab election results: AAP's Aman Arora emerges as biggest winner {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/punjab-election-results-aaps-aman-arora-emerges-as-biggest-winner/articleshow/90153521.cms |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
She represents the [[Sangrur Assembly constituency]] as MLA in Punjab Assembly.

;[[16th Punjab Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Privileges|Committee on Privileges]]<ref name="Committee on Privileges">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=28&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Petitions|Committee on Petitions]]<ref name="Committee on Petitions">{{cite web |title=Vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=33&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Sangrur Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Sangrur Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Sangrur
| before= [[Vijay Inder Singla]] (INC)
| after=
| years= [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] – }}
{{s-end}}
{{Aam Aadmi Party |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharaj, Narinder Kaur}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:1994 births]]

Udumalai Shankar murder case

2026-04-19T16:23:59Z

KaveriKumari2: Stub

{{Short description|Murder in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox event
|date=13 March 2016|time=14:05-14:15 IST (08:40 UTC)|Location=[[Udumalaipettai]], [[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]|type=[[Murder]], [[Honor killing]]|cause=[[Inter-caste marriages in India|Inter-caste marriage]]|title=Murder of Udumalai Shankar|convicted=P. Jagatheesan, M. Manikandan, P. Selvakumar, P. Kalaithamilvaanan and M. Mathan|convictions=[[Murder]]|sentence=[[Life imprisonment]] not less than 25 years}}

The '''Shankar murder case''' is a very prominent case in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. [[Kausalya Shankar|Kousalya]], an Engineering student from the dominant [[Thevar]] community married Sankar Velusamy, who studied in the same college. Shankar belonged to the [[Dalit]] community. The pair were married for 8 months when they both were attacked in broad daylight on 13 March 2016 near the Udumalaipet Town Bustand by a gang of three armed men. While Sankar died on the spot, Kousalya sustained injuries but survived. The sessions court sentenced six people including Chinnaswamy, the father of Kousalya to death. The court found it to be a case of honour killing by the father of Kousalya, who married a 'lower' caste man against his wishes. The Court also ordered a compensation of {{INR}}11.95 lakhs to be equally split between Kousalya and Velusamy, Sankar's father.

Chinnaswamy was later acquitted by the [[Madras High Court]], for want of evidence. The five others who were earlier sentenced to death also had their sentence reduced to a life term of 25 years.

The case had significant political impact and brought to light the occurrence of 'honour' killing in the state. The case was the second in terms of most number of death sentences in a single case. The heinous crime was not condemned by the major state parties considering the vote bank of the [[Thevar]] community and the upcoming 2016 Assembly elections.

==Background==
[[Kausalya Shankar|Kousalya]] is the daughter of a Chinnaswamy and Annalakshmi who belonged to the [[Thevar]], a caste with significant economic and political clout.<ref name=newsminute1/><ref name=Hindustan1/> The family lived in [[Udumalaipettai]], a town in the [[Tiruppur district]] in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Kousalya was attending an Engineering college in [[Pollachi]]. Sankar was a [[Dalit]] who was studying in the same college. There was strong opposition from Kousalya's family to the love as he belonged to a 'lower' community. Kousalya decided to move away from her home and get married. The pair got married in spite of opposition from the girl's family and started living in Sankar's house.<ref name=newsminute1/> Kousalya quit her college and started working in tiles factory to support the education of Sankar.<ref name=express2>{{cite news|title=Shankar murder case: 'It's not over'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/jun/23/shankar-murder-case-its-not-over-2160104.html|date=23 June 2020|access-date=22 August 2020|publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

On 13 March 2016, the pair went to the market in the town to buy a shirt for the annual day celebration in Sankar's college.<ref name=express2/> The pair was attacked by a gang of six armed men near the Town Busstand in Udumalaipet. The men who came on bike started attacking Sankar with their sickles till he collapsed. They then turned on to Kousalya and attacked her.<ref name=NDTV>{{cite news|title=In Tamil Nadu Man's Public Killing On Camera, Father-In-Law Gets Death|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/for-tamil-nadus-shocking-daylight-dishonour-killing-parents-of-woman-among-11-convicted-1786705|publisher=NDTV|date=12 December 2017|access-date=23 August 2020}}</ref> Sankar lost his life on the spot, while Kousalya was grievously injured. The police conducted an identification parade and identified all the killers.<ref name=newsminute1>{{cite news|title=Sankar caste killing case: Kausalya's father Chinnasamy acquitted by Madras HC|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sankar-caste-killing-case-gowsalya-kowsalya-father-chinnasamy-acquitted-madras-hc-127064|publisher=The News Minute|date=22 June 2020|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref> The whole incident was captured in CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) camera in the opposite shop.<ref name=NDTV/>

==Court proceedings==
The case was conducted in Tiruppur district court from 2016. The prosecution produced B. Chinnasamy, father of Kousalya as chief conspirator (A1), Annalakshmi, the mother of Kousalya as co-conspirator (A2), [[Pandithurai]], Kousalya's uncle as co-conspirator (A3), Jegadesan, a friend of Chinnaswamy as mastermind (A4), Manikandan alias Palani for hiring the hitmen (A5), Selvakumar as a family friend & executor (A6), Kalaitamilvaanan, a member of the gang (A7), and Mathan alias Michael and a member of gang (A8). There were four other produced as police as gangmen namely Madan, K. Dhanraj, V. Prasanna and Manikandan.<ref name=express2/> The prosecution accused Chinnaswamy, Kousalya's father for abetting and coorabrating the murder. Based on the arguments and the documentary and video evidence produced, the court pronounced the sentence on 12 December 2017. The court sentenced Chinnaswamy and five others namely, Jegadeesan, Manikandan, Selvakumar, Kalai Tamilvaanan and Madan to death sentence, K.Dhanraj to life sentence and one another to five year imprisonment. The Justice J Alamelu Natarajan acquitted Kousalya's mother, who was also accused in the prosecution.<ref name=express1/> The Court also ordered a compensation of {{INR}}11.95 lakhs from the perpetrators as a compensation to be equally split between Kousalya and Velusamy, Sankar's father. The case was the second in terms of most number of death sentences in a single case.<ref>{{cite news|title='Honour killing' case of Dalit youth V Shankar in Tamil Nadu: 6 death sentences at one go is monumental move by judiciary|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/honour-killing-case-of-dalit-youth-v-shankar-in-tamil-nadu-6-death-sentences-at-one-go-is-monumental-move-by-judiciary-4256023.html|publisher=First Post|date=13 December 2017|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref>

The sentenced challenged the judgement in the High court of Tamil Nadu against the appeal. The state also appealed to the High Court against releasing Kousalya's mother and other accused who were not sentenced.<ref name=express1/> The appeal was taken up by the [[Madras High Court]]. On 22 June 2020, the court pronounced the verdict. It acquitted Chinnaswamy and reduced the sentence of five others to life sentence. The court relieved two others, the person who was sentenced to life and one another who was sentenced to five years.<ref name=express1/> In its 367-page judgement, the Justice M Sathyanarayanan and Justice M Nirmal Kumar quoted five major reasons for the sentence based on the submission made by the police and Additional Advocate General C Emilias. There was no evidence that the amount of {{INR}}80,000 from the joint account of Chinaswamy & Annalakshmi during 12–14 February 2016 was given to A4-A6. Secondly, there was no evidence to prove that Chinnaswamy booked room in the hotel, nor for the stay of A4, A5 and A8 in the quoted days in the hotel Bakya Mahal. The account of the eyewitness to having seen A4-A6 along with Chinnaswamy was not proven. Kousalya made a police complaint after her marriage that she was forcibly taken away by her parents and her [[Thali]] was removed. She withdrew the complaint later when she returned to Shankar and mentioned that no action be taken against her parents. Though there were phone records during the days between 5-Feb-16 to 2-Mar-16 between Chinnaswamy and A4-8, the other evidences were not sufficient to prove beyond doubt that Chinnawamy orchestrated the murder.<ref name=newsminute2>{{cite news|title=Sankar caste killing: Why main accused Chinnaswamy was allowed to walk free|last=Thrimurthy|first=Priyanka|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sankar-caste-killing-why-main-accused-chinnaswamy-was-allowed-walk-free-127184|publisher=The News Minute|date=23 June 2020|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref> After the appeal Kousalya accused the prosecution of misguiding her that her mother would also be punished, but the sentence ended up relieving her father. She mentioned that she would appeal against the verdict in the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref name=Outlook1>{{cite news|title=Won't Rest Till My Parents Are Punished For My Husband's Murder: Social Activist Kausalya Shankar|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-wont-rest-till-my-parents-are-held-guilty-of-my-husbands-murder-social-activist-kausalya-shankar/355293|last=G.C.|first=Shekhar|date=23 June 2020|access-date=22 August 2020|publisher=The Outlook}}</ref>

==Political impact==
The case was a case study for honour killing in Tamil Nadu even in modern times. [[Thevar]] is a strong community in the state. The heinous crime was not condemned by the major state parties considering the vote bank of the community and the upcoming 2016 Assembly elections.<ref name=Outlook2>{{cite news|title=TN Woman Says Will Challenge Acquittal Of Father In Her Dalit Husband's Murder Case|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-tn-woman-says-will-challenge-acquittal-of-father-in-her-dalit-husbands-murder-case/355250|last=G.C.|first=Shekhar|date=22 June 2020|access-date=22 August 2020|publisher=The Outlook}}</ref> There was furore in social media and media over the incidence of honour killing. Most of the Dalit parties condemened the incident. A few days after the Session court's judgement, Kousalya questioned the stance of [[M.K. Stalin]], the leader of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]. She opened quoted "“Let’s take MK Stalin’s condemnation of Sankar’s murder. In that, instead of talking about the truth of why Sankar died or why I was attacked, he simply said it was a murder. The reason for our attack was caste and what happened was an honour killing. He has proved that an opposition party leader can condemn(the incident) by hiding all this. Who does that condemnation save? Who does that condemnation ultimately benefit?”.<ref name=newsminute4>{{cite news|title='What is DMK's stand on caste crimes?' Gowsalya's question to Stalin kicks up storm|last=Rao|first=Manasa|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/what-dmk-s-stand-caste-crimes-gowsalya-s-question-stalin-kicks-storm-79716|publisher=The News Minute|date=17 April 2018|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref>

After the judgement of High Court that relieved the main conspirator B. Chinnaswamy and reduced the death sentence of others, K. Balakrishnan of the CPI (M) mentioned that the judgement would support such crimes in futures. [[Thol. Thirumavalavan]], the leader of [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]] and also [[Kamal Haasan]], the leader of [[Makkal Needhi Maiam]] condemned the judgement.<ref name=express2/>

As per C Lakshmanan at the [[Madras Institute of Development Studies]], there are nearly 150 cases of honour killing every year in the state. According to him and some of the experts, the state where the major parties claim opposition to caste based discrimination, such crimes are pretty prevalent.<ref name="Hindustan1">{{cite news |last=Jyoti |first=Dhrubo |date=13 August 2017 |title=India at 70 {{!}} 'I'm not afraid': Husband murdered, Kausalya fights honour killings |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-at-70-i-m-not-afraid-husband-murdered-kausalya-fights-honour-killings/story-tWtISLd4g1ONfQNap6uLzM.html |access-date=22 August 2020 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |publisher=}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
Velusamy, Shankar's father was given a government job by the government of Tamil Nadu in Udumalaipet as "solatium".<ref name=express2/> Kousalaya went on to become a social activist. She started Sankar Social Justice Trust, which helps victims of caste murder and supports inter-caste marriages. Kousalya got married with Parai artist Sakthi of Nimirvu Kazhaiyagam in Coimbatore on 9 December 2018. The marriage was attended by Sankar's parents, but not by Kousalya's parents in spite of Sakthi belonging to their same community.<ref name=express3>{{cite news|title=Honour killing survivor Gowsalya remarried in self-respect wedding ceremony|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/dec/09/anti-caste-crusader-kausalya-done-self-respect-marriage-with-folk-artist-sakthi-1909173.html|last=Times News Service|date=9 December 2018|access-date=22 August 2020|publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

A documentary recording the views from various parties involved were shot in a documentary named ''India's forbidden Love''. The documentary, telecast in [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] received critical acclaim and was nominated for International Emmy Awards in the Best Documentary category.<ref>{{cite news|title=Documentary 'India's Forbidden Love' nominated for International Emmy Awards 2019|url=https://www.apnlive.com/documentary-indias-forbidden-love-nominated-international-emmy-awards-2019/|publisher=APNLive|date=26 September 2019|access-date=22 August 2020|archive-date=2 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202002435/http://apnlive.com/documentary-indias-forbidden-love-nominated-international-emmy-awards-2019/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=newsminute3>{{cite news|last=Sekar|first=Anjana|title=Grad project to Emmy nomination: Filmmaker Sadhana on her docu about Gowsalya-Shankar|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/grad-project-emmy-nomination-filmmaker-sadhana-her-docu-about-gowsalya-shankar-111821|publisher=The News Minute|date=6 November 2019|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref>

==Timeline==
* 12 July 2015 - Kousalya (19) marries Sankar (22) against the wishes of her parents.<ref name=express2/>
* 13 March 2016 - A gang of six with attacks the pair with Sankar getting murdered and Kousalya sustaining grievous injuries.
* 12 December 2017 - The Tiruppur district court sentences Chinnaswamy, Kousalya's father for abetting the murder. It also sentences five others Jegadeesan, Manikandan, Selvakumar, Kalai Tamilvaanan and Madan to death sentence, one to life sentence and one another to five year imprisonment. The court acquits Kousalya's mother.<ref name=express1>{{cite news|title=Udamalapet caste killing: Madras High Court acquits Kausalya's father in 2016 Shankar murder case|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/jun/22/udamalapet-caste-killing-madras-high-court-acquits-kausalyas-father-in-2016-shankar-murder-case-2159780.html|last=Murali|first=Harish|date=22 June 2020|access-date=22 August 2020|publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
* 2 February 2019 - Kousalya suspended from her government job in Wellington Cantonment Board (WCB) for making remarks against the constitution and sovereignty.<ref>{{cite news |last=Emmanuel |first=Gladwell |date=2 February 2019 |title=Activist Kausalya suspended from job at Wellington Cantonment Board over 'anti-India' remarks |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/activist-kausalya-suspended-form-job-at-wellington-cantonment-board-over-anti-india-remarks/articleshow/67807993.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241004040917/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/activist-kausalya-suspended-form-job-at-wellington-cantonment-board-over-anti-india-remarks/articleshow/67807993.cms |archive-date=4 October 2024 |access-date=22 August 2020 |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |publisher=}}</ref>
* 5 June 2019 - Kousalya suspension in Wellington Cantonment Board (WCB) revoked after she apologizes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ooty: Anti-caste activist Kausalya's suspension revoked|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/050619/ooty-anti-caste-activist-kausalyas-suspension-revoked.html|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|date=5 June 2019|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref>
* 22 June 2020 - The Madras High Court acquits Chinnaswamy and reduces the sentence of five others to life sentence. The court relieves two others, the person who was sentenced to life and one another who was sentenced to five years.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Crime in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Honour killing in India]]
[[Category:Caste-related violence in India]]
[[Category:Honor killing victims]]

Madipakkam, Chennai

2026-04-16T18:06:37Z

KaveriKumari2: Created Pg

{{Short description|Neighborhood of Chennai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Madipakkam
| other_name =
| settlement_type = neighbourhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Madipakkam (Chennai)
| coordinates = {{coord|12.96487|N|80.19611|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chennai]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = Chennai
| established_title = 

| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 34
| population_total = 14940
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 600091
| registration_plate = TN-22
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]]
| website =
| footnotes =

}}

'''Madipakkam''' is residential locality situated in south of [[Chennai]], [[India]]. As of [https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/No-end-in-sight-to-flooding-woes-Ward-188/article14547461.ece 2016], it has been merged with the Greater Chennai Corporation ([[Greater Chennai Corporation|GCC]]).

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Madipakkam had a population of 14,940. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Madipakkam has an average literacy rate of 98%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 90%, and female literacy is 95%. In Madipakkam, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

== Madipakkam Lake ==
The Madipakkam Lake spans over 60 acres and is a local ecological and recreational spot where people and birds flock alike.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chennai's Madipakkam lake exemplifies 'blue-green centre' full of avian life |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madipakkam-lake-exemplifies-blue-green-centre-full-of-avian-life/article68323397.ece |access-date=}}</ref> The present-day Lakeview area is the result of two decades of consistent efforts of conservation by the GCC, the local population and environmental organisations who have transformed the area from a barren land to a thriving hub of birds, insects, and aquatic life. As of 2015, the region is an ecologically protected zone that hosts 25-50 birds every [[Bird migration|migratory]] [[season]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Madipakkam-lake-a-haven-for-water-birds/article16437422.ece|title= Madipakkam lake, a haven for water birds}}</ref> The lake is also a popular fishing spot for the locals, and the bank of the lake is lined with eateries that become busy in the evenings. In the mornings and evenings, the perimeter of the lake is a haven for fitness enthusiasts, joggers, and senior citizens who enjoy leisurely walks. Apart from the Madipakkam Lake, the surrounding areas have many small lakes such as the [[Puzhuthivakkam Lake]], the [[Nanganallur]] hidden lake, and other minor ponds and water bodies. While poor [[sewage]] and waste management issues <ref>{{cite web|url=https://citizenmatters.in/community-led-transformation-of-madipakkam-lake/|title= From neglect to nurture: How a proactive community revived Chennai's Madipakkam Lake}}</ref> persist, the Madipakkam Lake continues to be an important local social and [[Ecoregion|ecological hub]].

{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Hospital'''

|Northwest = [[St Thomas Mount]]/[[Anna International Airport]]
|North = [[Adambakkam]]/[[Guindy]]
|Northeast = [[Velachery]]/[[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]]
|West = [[Nanganallur]]
|Centre = Madipakkam
|East = [[Pallikaranai]]
|Southwest = [[Tambaram]]
|South = [[Medavakkam]]
|Southeast = [[Pallikaranai]]
}}

== Bus routes ==
*'''M45A''' Madipakkam to Vivekanandar House, via : [[Velachery]], [[Saidapet]], [[Nandanam]], [[Alwarpet]], [[Royapettah]]
*'''51M''' Madipakkam to [[T. Nagar]], via : [[St. Thomas Mount]], [[NGO Colony]], [[Guindy]], [[Saidapet]], [[CIT Nagar]]
*'''21LX''' Madipakkam to [[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]], via : [[Velachery]], [[Little Mount]], [[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]], [[Foreshore Estate]], [[Santhome]], [[Chepauk]], [[Marina Beach]], [[St. George Fort]]
*'''S82''' Madipakkam to [[Alandur]], via : [[Moovarasanpet]], [[Puluthiwakkam]], [[Nanganallur]], [[St. Thomas Mount]]
*'''M1''' Madipakkam to [[Thiruvanmiyur]], via : [[Velachery]], [[Tharamani]], [[SRP Tools]], [[TIDEL Park]]
*'''18D''' Madipakkam to [[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]], via : [[St. Thomas Mount]], [[NGO Colony]], [[Guindy]], [[Saidapet]], [[Nandanam]], [[Teynampet]], [[AG – DMS metro station|DMS]], [[LIC metro station|LIC]], [[Chennai Central]]

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
*[[Raghava Nagar]]
*[[Subramania Nagar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050829060013/http://madipakkam.com/photo.php Madipakkam Photo Gallery]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080506095559/http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/01/stories/2008050159700500.htm Land Grabbing in Madipakkam]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110824004527/http://madipakkampaarvai.com/Madipakkam.html]

{{Neighborhoods of Chennai}}
{{Areas of Chennai}}
{{Chennai Topics}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Chennai]]

Mongoya Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:32:46Z

KaveriKumari2: Created New Post

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Expand list|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox Indian constituency
| map_image = Mongoya Assembly constituency map.svg
| name = Mongoya
| state = [[Nagaland]]
| type = SLA
| district = [[Mokokchung district|Mokokchung]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]
| established = 1964
| constituency_no = 25
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Imkongmar]]
|party = {{Party index link|Naga People's Front}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:17448}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
}}
'''Mongoya''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=Nagaland Legislative Assembly |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Mokokchung district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mongoya Election and Results 2023, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/nagaland/assembly-constituencies/mongoya.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|[[S. Supongmeren Jamir]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|Ngangshi K. Ao
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|Merentoshi R. Jamir
|{{Full party name with color|Nagaland People's Front|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| Ngangshi K Ao<ref name=election2018/>
|-
|[[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Imkongmar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya<ref name=election2023a>{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042608/https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |archive-date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Imkongmar]] |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=6,818 |percentage=41.91% |change=-6.19%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[S. Supongmeren Jamir]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=5,776|percentage=35.51%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Moasangba Jamir|party=Naga People's Front|votes=3,640|percentage=22.38%|change=-28.29%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=34|percentage=0.21%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,042 |percentage=6.41% |change=3.84% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=16,268|percentage=93.24%|change=8.41%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,448 |change =8.95% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -8.76% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Ngangshi K. Ao |party=Naga People's Front |votes=6,883 |percentage=50.67% |change=-17.22% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Alemtemshi Jamir |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=6,535 |percentage=48.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[S. Supongmeren Jamir]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=151 |percentage=1.11% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=16 |percentage=0.12% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=348 |percentage=2.56% |change=-33.53% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,585 |percentage=84.83% |change= -2.69% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,014 |change =8.03% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -17.22% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Merentoshi R. Jamir |party=Naga People's Front |votes=8,808 |percentage=67.89% |change=52.53% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Ngangshi K. Ao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,125 |percentage=31.79% |change=0.12% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,683 |percentage=36.10% |change=13.70% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,974 |percentage=87.52% |change= 5.10% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,824 |change =-9.81% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Independent politician |swing= 13.82% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Ngangshi K. Ao |party=Independent politician |votes=7,325 |percentage=54.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Supongmeren |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,291 |percentage=31.67% |change=-35.95% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aochuba |party=Naga People's Front |votes=2,081 |percentage=15.36% |change=-14.68% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Takusungba |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=88 |percentage=0.65% |change=-1.69% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,034 |percentage=22.39% |change=-15.20% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,548 |percentage=83.87% |change= -4.62% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,437 |change =36.24% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -13.56% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[S. Supongmeren Jamir]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,081 |percentage=67.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nungsanginba |party=Naga People's Front |votes=3,145 |percentage=30.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Temjensoba |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=245 |percentage=2.34% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,936 |percentage=37.59% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,471 |percentage=87.05% |change= -11.22% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,065 |change =7.46% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 17.81% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya<ref name=election1998>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128160926/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 9th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 1998 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=T. Imtimeren Jamir |party=Indian National Congress }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,227 |change =1.44% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=N. I. Jamir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,389 |percentage=49.82% |change=-14.75% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Temjentoshi |party=Independent politician |votes=4,863 |percentage=44.96% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aochuba |party=Naga People's Front |votes=565 |percentage=5.22% |change=-30.21% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=526 |percentage=4.86% |change=-24.28% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,817 |percentage=98.27% |change= 15.27% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,068 |change =24.79% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -14.75% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1989 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=N. I. Jamir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,713 |percentage=64.57% |change=5.64% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nungsanginba |party=Naga People's Front |votes=2,586 |percentage=35.43% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,127 |percentage=29.14% |change=-12.00% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,299 |percentage=83.00% |change= 1.22% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,869 |change =0.15% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 5.64% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1987 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=N. I. Jamir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,220 |percentage=58.93% |change=3.26% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Maputemjen |party=Independent politician |votes=1,274 |percentage=17.79% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nungsanginba |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=994 |percentage=13.88% |change=-30.08% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. T. Soba Ao |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=673 |percentage=9.40% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,946 |percentage=41.14% |change=29.43% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,161 |percentage=81.78% |change= 16.41% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,856 |change =-3.30% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 3.26% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1982 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=N. I. Jamir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,289 |percentage=55.67% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sentiyangba |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=2,597 |percentage=43.96% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=692 |percentage=11.71% |change=2.57% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,908 |percentage=65.36% |change= -19.83% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,158 |change =85.23% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= 1.10% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Imtimeren Jamir |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=2,275 |percentage=54.57% |change=4.36% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aoshingang |party=Independent politician |votes=1,894 |percentage=45.43% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=381 |percentage=9.14% |change=-13.41% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,169 |percentage=85.19% |change= 15.15% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,944 |change =-27.54% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= 4.36% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1974 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Imtimeren |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=2,347 |percentage=50.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Temjensoba |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=1,293 |percentage=27.66% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kilensowa |party=Independent politician |votes=1,034 |percentage=22.12% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,054 |percentage=22.55% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,674 |percentage=70.04% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,823 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1971 Assembly by-election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Nagaland Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Mongoya}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Jamir |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=1,630|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Likokwati |party=Independent politician |votes=1,176 |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shilukaba |party=United Front of Nagaland |votes=1,162|percentage=|change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=454 |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |loser=United Front of Nagaland |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1969 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1969 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Takomeren |party=United Front of Nagaland |votes=984 |percentage=36.94% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Imtimeren |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=961 |percentage=36.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Imzuluba |party=Independent politician |votes=719 |percentage=26.99% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23 |percentage=0.86% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,664 |percentage=90.70% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,947 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Front of Nagaland |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1966 Assembly by-election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1966 Nagaland Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Mongoya}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=T. Imtimeren Jamir |party=Independent politician |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1964 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1964 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Mongoya}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bendangangshi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,258 |percentage=80.69% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tenomayang Ao |party=Independent politician |votes=301 |percentage=19.31% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=957 |percentage=61.39% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,559 |percentage=66.65% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,363 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Mokokchung district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}

{{coord|26.36|94.56|display=title}}

[[Category:Mokokchung district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1964]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Nagaland]]

Lakhnadon Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T02:13:11Z

KaveriKumari2: Created New Pg

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Lakhnadon
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 117
| map_image = 117-Lakhnadon.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Seoni district|Seoni]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mandla Lok Sabha constituency|Mandla]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Yogendra Singh (politician)|Yogendra Singh]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Shashi Thakur
| electors = {{formatnum:268163}}<ref name=election2018/>
}}
'''Lakhnadon''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="election2013">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

It is part of [[Seoni district]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
===As a constituency of Madhya Bharat===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Durgashankar Mehta
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

===As a constituency of Madhya Pradesh===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election
!Member <ref name="election2018-2">{{cite web|title=(Madhya Pradesh) Assembly Constituency Elections|url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/lakhnadon.html|website=elections.in|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|rowspan=4| [[Vasant Rao Uikey]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan=3| Satyendra Singh
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|rowspan=3| Randhir Singh
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|rowspan=2| Shashi Thakur
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|rowspan=3|[[Yogendra Singh (politician)|Yogendra Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018" name="election2018-3">{{cite web |url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Election2018/Result%20Booklet%20AE%202018%20v6.pdf |title=2018 Vidhan Sabha Elections Result Book of Madhya Pradesh |access-date= November 21, 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Lakhnadon<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Yogendra Singh (politician)|Yogendra Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:114519}}
|percentage = 45.76
|change = +6.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Vijay Uikey
|votes = {{formatnum:95898}}
|percentage = 38.32
|change = +4.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Bhai Santar Walari
|votes = {{formatnum:26692}}
|percentage = 10.67
|change = -8.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Engineer Santosh Uikey
|votes = {{formatnum:2584}}
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:4192}}
|percentage = 1.67
|change = -0.19
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:18621}}
|percentage = 7.44
|change = +1.6
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:250276}}
|percentage = 84.92
|change = +6.53
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Lakhnadon<ref name="election2018"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Yogendra Singh (politician)|Yogendra Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:82951}}
|percentage = 39.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Vijay Kumar Uikey
|votes = {{formatnum:70675}}
|percentage = 33.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Inder Singh Uikey
|votes = {{formatnum:40022}}
|percentage = 19.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Santram Kanhairiya
|votes = {{formatnum:3331}}
|percentage = 1.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Ambedkarite Party of India
|candidate = Shobharam Bhalavi
|votes = {{formatnum:3294}}
|percentage = 1.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kamlesh Jalso Uikey
|votes = {{formatnum:2843}}
|percentage = 1.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3917}}
|percentage = 1.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:12276}}
|percentage = 5.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:210215}}
|percentage = 78.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Lakhnadon<ref name="election2013"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Yogendra Singh (politician)|Yogendra Singh]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 77928
|percentage = 41.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Shashi Thakur
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 65147
|percentage = 34.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Anand Inwati
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = 23040
|percentage = 12.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Rajeswari Uikey
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|votes = 5338
|percentage = 2.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Guman Singh Uikey
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 3098
|percentage = 1.65
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Ram Ganesh Saryam
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 2710
|percentage = 1.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 5139
|percentage = 2.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 187935
|percentage = 78.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Lakhnadon]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|22.60|79.60|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Seoni district]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Ashvin Kotwal

2026-04-14T11:00:15Z

KaveriKumari2: Starting initial post w/ refs!

{{Short description|Member of Legislative Assembly from Gujarat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{infobox officeholder
| name = Kotwal Ashvinbhai Laxmanbhai
| office = Member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2007
| predecessor = [[Amarsinh Chaudhary]]
| term_end = 2022
| successor =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (since 2022)
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]] (until 2022)
| constituency = [[Khedbrahma (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khedbrahma]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1964|10|21}}
}}

'''Kotwal Ashvinbhai Laxmanbhai''' (born 21 October 1964), also known as '''Ashvin Kotwal''' or '''Ashvinkumar Kotval''' is an Indian farmer and politician who has served in the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from 2007 to 2022, representing [[Khedbrahma (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khedbrahma]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/gujarat-assembly-election/article/gujarat-assembly-elections-khedbhrahma-bjp-congress/132264|title=Gujarat Assembly Election 2017: Congress' Kotwal Ashvinbhai Laxmanbhai wins from Khedbrahma constituency|website=www.timesnownews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kotwal Ashvinbhai Laxmanbhai (Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- KHEDBRAHMA (ST)(SABARKANTHA)-Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/gujarat2012/candidate.php?candidate_id=1753|access-date=2022-04-18|website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ashvinbhai Laxmanbhai Kotwal|url=https://ourneta.com/neta/ashvinbhai-laxmanbhai-kotwal|access-date=2022-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee|url=https://www.incgujarat.com/members-of-legislative-assembly-m-l-a-2|access-date=2022-04-19}}</ref> Kotwal is also an [[Adivasi]] tribal leader.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ghanghar |first=Gopi Maniar |date=May 2, 2022 |title=Former Gujarat Congress MLA Ashvin Kotwal to join BJP on May 3 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/gujarat-assembly-polls-2022/story/former-gujarat-congress-mla-ashvin-kotwal-bjp-gujarat-assembly-polls-1944628-2022-05-02 |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

On 2 May 2022, Kotwal defected from the [[Indian National Congress]] and joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Kotwal defected because INC refused to give him the role of Leader of the Opposition in the Gujarat Legislative Assembly, selecting [[Sukhram Rathva]] instead.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Satish |date=2022-05-03 |title=Gujarat Congress MLA Ashwin Kotwal resigns ahead of polls, joins BJP |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/gujarat-congress-mla-ashwin-kotwal-resigns-ahead-of-polls-joins-bjp-1106105.html |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> He was defeated in the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kotwal, Ashvin}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Gujarat]]

{{Gujarat-BJP-politician-stub}}
{{Gujarat-INC-politician-stub}}

Khoibu people

2026-04-12T20:55:17Z

KaveriKumari2: made initial stub w/ sources

{{short description|Tribe of Manipur, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Uipo
| image =
| population =
| languages = [[Uipo language|Uipo]]
| religions = [[Christianity]], [[Animism]]
}}
'''Khoibu''' is an [[Endonym and exonym|exonym]] for the '''Uipo''' people and [[Uipo language|their language]], also known as the '''Uipo Khoibu''' (/ˌuɪː pə͜ʊ ˈkʰɔɪ buː/), who are a tribe in [[Manipur]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=M. Romesh|title=Tribal development in 21st century: an experience from Manipur|year=2003|publisher=Mittal Publication|location=New Delhi}}</ref>

==Other exonyms==

The neighbouring [[Tangkhul Naga people|Tangkhul]] people call them "Apo" whereas the [[Maring people]] call them "Uipowaa". They were called "Upong" in the Inthee (or "Ningthee" in [[Meiteilon]] and 'Chindwin' in English) basin civilization.
== Notified status of the tribe in India ==
With reference to the Ministry of States' letter No.D.4101-B-49, dated 28 April 1949, the Dewan of [[Manipur]] State, vide his letter No.2/AG/49/0695-96 dated 6 June 1949, gave the list [[Scheduled Tribes]] of Manipur mentioning 'Khoibu' at serial number 18 of the list for inclusion in the Draft [[Constitution of India]]. The latest recognition document is the one granted by Manipur Hill Area Committee, which is a [[statutory body]] under the [[Constitution of India]], in its Resolution No.4(HAC) 2002 dated 28 October 2002, vide order Memo No.4/3/2002-LA (HAC), Imphal dated 11 November 2002.<ref>{{cite book|last=Khoibu Students Union, New Delhi|title=Brief Historical Background of the Khoibu tribe|year=2004}}</ref> The [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]] Hill Area Committee (HAC), in the year 2002 and 2011, recommended the recognition of the Khoibus as a separate tribe to the authorities concerned.<ref>{{cite web|title=UMK puts record straight|url=http://www.thesangaiexpress.com/page/items/43556/umk-puts-record-straight|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103190556/http://www.thesangaiexpress.com/page/items/43556/umk-puts-record-straight|archivedate=3 November 2014|url-status=dead|date=30 September 2014|accessdate=3 July 2017|website=The Sangai Express}}</ref>

In the year 2015, the GPRN recognised the Uipo (Khoibu) as a separate Naga tribe. The Uipo Maruo Koukartuo (UMK) appreciated the GPRN for standing for the rights of the minority by looking into the matter objectively and taking a very mature decision. "The decision of the GPRN in recognizing Uipo (Khoibu) as a separate Naga tribe is a reaffirmation that minorities have hope and there can be justice. It has reaffirmed the people in the RULE of LAW," the UMK observed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Khoibu Apex Body Resents Baseless Allegations Against The Tribe|url=http://kanglaonline.com/2014/09/khoibu-apex-body-resents-baseless-allegations-against-the-tribe/|date=30 September 2014|accessdate=1 November 2019|work=Imphal Free Press|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101015300/http://kanglaonline.com/2014/09/khoibu-apex-body-resents-baseless-allegations-against-the-tribe/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Settlements ==
Khoibu Khullen is the oldest and the first Khoibu settlement village in the eastern hills of [[Manipur]] bordering [[Myanmar]]. Despite their identity being ignored, suppressed and repressed by tribals and non-tribals, the Khoibu have been able to retain their identity so far.<ref>{{cite book|last=Priyoranjan Chongtham Singh|first=Priyoranjan Chongtham|title=Tribalism and the tragedy of the commons|year=2009|publisher=Akansha Pub. House|location=Delhi}}</ref>

== Rituals and festivals ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name of Ritual/Festival !! Month/Day of the year
|-
| Khoibu New Year || ''Phairen 1 ahanba''
|-
| Aitlaangthoy ||
|-
| Mawldaamthoy ||
|-
| Nawngyerkachier ||
|-
| Khanaa ka-ud ||
|-
| Chaa kabuthoy ||
|-
| Yui Kasyem || ''Lamta 3 humnipanba''
|-
| Rapal kasaa || ''Sajiphu 7 taretnipanba''
|-
| Raallu kalaam || ''Sajiphu 8 nipannipanba''
|-
| Yawn kashoy || ''Kaalen 1 nongmapanba''
|-
| Chaasang kadaa || ''Kaalen 3 humnipanba''
|-
| Khulpu Chaa Kousalaag || ''Kaalen 4 marinipanba''
|-
| Chim kasaa || ''Kaalen 5 manganipanba''
|-
| Intring kachier || ''Kaalen 6 taruknipanba''
|-
| Phu kabaang || ''Inga 2 ninipanba''
|-
| Ram kanam Kharu kashoy || ''Inga 29 kunmapan panba''
|-
| Khawngrui karaan || ''Thawaan 13 taraahumdoinipanba''
|-
| Chayun Kapen || ''Thawaan 14 taraamarini panba''
|-
| Thawng koumaru || ''Thawaan 15 purnimaada''
|-
| Phu kayaar || ''Thawaan 15 purnimaada''
|-
| Kaapkathawd || ''Laangbanga Mera marakta''
|-
| Khadunglam kalai || ''Mera 10 taraani panbada''
|-
| Khalaampui kathoy || '' Mera 11 taramathoini panba''
|-
| Khalaampui kathoypui || ''Mera 12 taraanithoini panbada''
|-
| Khanod kathrai ||
|-
| Koukanseng || ''Mera 12 taraanithoini panbada''
|-
| Haichingbawng || ''Mera 15 taraamangaani panba''
|-
| Tlaanglon kalai || ''Mera 17 tarataretni panbada''
|-
| Tlungsyel kalaad || ''Mera 19 taramapanni panbada''
|-
| Meirui kasaan || ''Wakching 1 nongma panbada''
|-
| Chaataangthoy/ Mawl kasaam || ''Wakching 5 mangani panbada''
|-
|Maiso Kayia ||
|}

== Uipo language ==
[[File:WIKITONGUES- Donyashel speaking Khoibu.webm|thumb|A Khoibu speaker, recorded in India.]]
[[Uipo language|Uipo (Khoibu) language]] is classified as a southern Tangkhulic language of the Tibeto-Burman family. It is spoken by approximately 2800 speakers in Manipur.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} With this low number of speakers, who are all at least bilingual with Manipuri, the language is endangered. Consequently, it is expected to be declared as an [[endangered language]] with the subsequent call for the protection of the cultural, linguistic and historical heritage.<ref>{{cite web|first=Bishwajit|last=Okram|title=An Article on cultural And linguistic rights of Some Tribes in Manipur|url=http://kanglaonline.com/2012/01/an-article-on-cultural-and-linguistic-rights-of-some-tribes-in-manipur/|date=2 January 2012|accessdate=3 July 2017|work=Kanga Online|publisher=Online Manipur Area Converter|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811085946/http://kanglaonline.com/2012/01/an-article-on-cultural-and-linguistic-rights-of-some-tribes-in-manipur/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2020 community activist Mr. Mosyel Syelsaangthyel Khaling became the first Indian citizen to receive the Excellence in Community Linguistics Award of the [[Linguistic Society of America]] – the most prestigious award for linguistic activism in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=
Uipo Language Activist to Receive 2020 Excellence in Community Linguistics Award |url=https://www.linguisticsociety.org/news/2019/11/22/uipo-language-activist-receive-2020-excellence-community-linguistics-award|accessdate=10 June 2020}}</ref>

== Political tensions ==
The Uipo tribe is a highly endangered community of Manipur and in great need of social recognition and constitutional protection from the Government since their identity, traditions and cultures are endangered and today hanging on the brink of extinction. The equation of powers among the ethnic enclosures in hill areas of the state also matters while deciding who should be recognised as a tribe or ST. Even the state that has the authority to recognise tribes as schedule tribe is influenced by the strong lobby of a powerful tribe who is against the recognition of certain groups as ST.

The case study of Khoibus is important because it is a case of negotiating a distinct tribal identity between the ethnic enclosures in Manipur. It is argued that the enclosures of tribes around the generic ethnic identities like Naga have made the cultural identity of the Khoibus invisible. The study is also important in the sense that despite non-recognition of Khoibu as an official tribe, they live themselves as an independent tribe.<ref>{{cite web|first=G. Amarjit|last=Sharma|title=Inside and Outside of Ethnic Enclosures: Khoibu as a Separate Tribe|url=https://thehouran.wordpress.com/khoibu-as-a-separate-tribe/|work=Hou Ran Online|publisher=WordPress|accessdate=3 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kanglaonline.com/2012/01/an-article-on-cultural-and-linguistic-rights-of-some-tribes-in-manipur/|title=An Article on Cultural And Linguistic Rights of Some Tribes in Manipur|first=Bishwajit|last=Okram|date=2 January 2012|accessdate=3 July 2017|work=Kangla Online|publisher=Online Manipur Area Converter|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811085946/http://kanglaonline.com/2012/01/an-article-on-cultural-and-linguistic-rights-of-some-tribes-in-manipur/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Manipur]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Manipur]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]

Gomant Vidya Niketan

2026-04-12T20:50:48Z

KaveriKumari2: New new pg

{{Short description|Private cultural center in Comba, Goa, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox organisation
| name = Gomant Vidya Niketan
| image = Gomant Vidya Niketan.jpg
| logo = Gomant Vidya Niketan (GVN).jpg
| logo_size = 150px
| logo_caption = 100th anniversary logo
| caption = [[Façade]] of Gomant Vidya Niketan, 2016
| abbreviation = GVN
| formation = {{start date and age|1912|3|24|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2012 |title=Gomant Vidya Niketan celebrates 100 years |url=http://m.goanews.com/news_details.php?id=1993 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=Goa News |archive-date=2024-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729181119/http://m.goanews.com/news_details.php?id=1993 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| coordinates = {{Coord|15|16|29.59|N|73|57|25.77|E|display=inline,title}}
| founders =
| founding_location = [[Margão]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| location = [[Comba, Goa]], India
| type = Private [[cultural center]]
| languages = {{hlist|[[Konkani language|Konkani]]|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]|English}}
| awards = [[Best Cultural Institution Award]]
| former_name = Saraswat Brahman Samaj
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Salil Kare
}}

The '''Gomant Vidya Niketan (GVN)''' is a private [[cultural center]] based in [[Comba, Goa]], India. Established in 1912, it was originally founded as the '''Saraswat Brahman Samaj''', a small library. Over time, the organization has expanded its scope and focus. Following the [[annexation of Goa]] in 1961, the organization was renamed to its current appellation. This change in name coincided with an elevation in the center's status, transforming it from a library into a broader cultural hub. The primary activities of the organization revolve around the promotion and hosting of cultural events and programs related to the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] heritage. Gomant Vidya Niketan stands out as the longest-standing [[Sociocultural system|socio-cultural]] establishment in [[South Goa]].

==History==
In [[5 October 1910 revolution|October 1910]], the [[Portuguese monarchy]] that had long ruled the territory of [[Portuguese Goa]] was overthrown, leading to the establishment of a [[First Portuguese Republic|republican government]]. This political transition marked the end of [[religious discrimination]] that had existed under the previous [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese colonial regime]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Deshpande |first=Abhijeet |date=20 June 2016 |title=Gomant Vidya Niketan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/margao/gomant-vidya-niketan/ps51905827.cms |access-date=2024-07-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414143803/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/margao/gomant-vidya-niketan/ps51905827.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Following these changes, in 1912 a group of nine prominent residents of the [[Goan]] town of [[Margão]] founded an organization which would be later called the Gomant Vidya Niketan. The founders were inspired by a shared vision to [[Unity in diversity|foster unity among diverse groups]] within Goan society, aiming to advance social, religious, and cultural initiatives.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Chopra |first=Pran Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_e9tAAAAMAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia of India: Goa, Daman & Diu |date=1992 |publisher=Rima Publishing House |pages=77 |language=en}}</ref>

The Gomant Vidya Niketan began as a small library known as the Saraswat Brahman Samaj, but gradually expanded its activities and programs over time.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Saraswat Brahmin]] society of [[Goa]] was responsible for the establishment of the library. The organization initiated a series of lectures featuring prominent speakers from the [[Bombay Presidency]] starting from its founding, the region that is now the state of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdM87ybx9vcC |title=Library Herald |date=2009 |publisher=Delhi Library Association. |pages=114 |language=en}}</ref> The establishment of the Gomant Vidya Niketan represented an effort by prominent Goan citizens to leverage the new freedoms that emerged following the end of Portuguese monarchical rule. The organization sought to promote unity and [[Sociocultural evolution|cultural advancement]] across Goan society in the wake of this historic [[Democratic transition|political transition]].<ref name=":1" />

Gomant Vidya Niketan played a significant role in preserving and promoting the [[History of Goa|history]] and [[Culture of Goa|culture of the region]]. The institution has offered a singular insight into the historical narrative of Goa and has played a pivotal role in identifying pivotal establishments that have contributed to the evolution of modern Goa. Over the years, Gomant Vidya Niketan has hosted a diverse range of [[lecture series]] and events, reflecting the evolving interests and concerns of the local community. In the 1920s, a substantial number of academic talks centered on themes related to [[Hinduism]], [[Social change|societal upheaval]]s, and cultural intricacies. This shifted in the 1930s, with a greater emphasis on economic matters, such as employment and [[industrial development]]. The 1940s saw a significant focus on language issues, with discussions and [[discourse]]s on the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Konkani language]]s, the latter being widely spoken in Goa.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-10-03 |title=Remembering Dayanand Bandodkar and early Goa – The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2018/10/03/magazines/buzz/remembering-dayanand-bandodkar-and-early-goa/ |access-date=2024-07-29 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729114623/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2018/10/03/magazines/buzz/remembering-dayanand-bandodkar-and-early-goa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This linguistic focus continued to be a prominent feature of the institution's programming in the post-liberation era.<ref name=":0" />

After the territories of [[Goa, Daman, and Diu]] were [[Liberation of Goa|liberated in 1961]], the institution underwent a renaming to Gomant Vidhya Niketan,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-03-17 |title=A Walk around Margao's Gardens – 2 – The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2018/03/17/magazines/zest/a-walk-around-margaos-gardens-2/ |access-date=2024-07-29 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729212723/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2018/03/17/magazines/zest/a-walk-around-margaos-gardens-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> underscoring to the cultural heritage of the region. In the latter half of the 20th century, the institution emerged as a vibrant center for cultural activities, hosting a wide range of talks, exhibitions, and classical music concerts, primarily focused on the Konkani and Marathi languages and traditions. The institution's facilities include a library on the ground floor and an [[amphitheater]] upstairs, which have served as hubs for intellectual discourse and artistic expression.<ref name=":0" /> Gomant Vidya Niketan played a pivotal role in preserving and promoting the unique cultural identity of Goa and became a significant institution in the educational and cultural landscape of the region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gomant Vidya Niketan to mark 191st anniv |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-inshorts/%EF%BB%BFgomant-vidya-niketan-to-mark-191st-anniv/96849.html |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en |archive-date=2024-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729212733/https://www.thegoan.net/goa-inshorts/%EF%BB%BFgomant-vidya-niketan-to-mark-191st-anniv/96849.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

==Renovations==
Gomant Vidya Niketan (GVN) underwent renovations and expansions in the years leading up to its 100th anniversary in 2012.<ref name=":3" /> The renovations aimed to modernize and enhance the organization's facilities. One key aspect of the renovations was the construction of a new, [[state-of-the-art]] main [[auditorium]]. Incorporated into the establishment's facilities are an air-conditioned auditorium designed to accommodate 500 individuals. Additionally, an [[amphitheater]] with 175 seats and a [[conference hall]] with 150 seats were added to the organization's infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-11-10 |title=Centenarycelebration of Gomant Vidya Niketan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/centenarycelebration-of-gomant-vidya-niketan/articleshow/17162546.cms |access-date=2024-07-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729153433/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/centenarycelebration-of-gomant-vidya-niketan/articleshow/17162546.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

The renovations were partially funded through significant donations from prominent individuals associated with the GVN. Industrialist Auduth Timblo, who serves as the Chairman of the Fomento Group, donated {{INRConvert|7.5|m|year=2012}} specifically for the renovation of the 175-seat amphitheater. Timblo was recognized and honored for this contribution.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-11-11 |title=Social event sees war of words over mining issue |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/social-event-sees-war-of-words-over-mining-issue/articleshow/17175557.cms |access-date=2024-07-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925180359/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/social-event-sees-war-of-words-over-mining-issue/articleshow/17175557.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Another major donor was Suresh Kare, the chairman of Indoco Remedies. Kare donated {{INRConvert|10|m|year=2010}} to GVN in December 2010. This donation was made in memory of Kare's late father, Govind Ramnath Kare. As a result, the principal auditorium was officially christened the "Govind Kare auditorium" in recognition of his contribution. Suresh holds a position as a life member within the organization.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-12-14 |title=Kare donates Rs 1 cr to Gomant Vidya Niketan |url=https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/15_dec |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=[[O Heraldo]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301031758/https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/15_dec |url-status=live }}</ref>

In November 2022, residents from the city of [[Margao, Goa]], called for improvements to the area surrounding Gomant Vidya Niketan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Margao's old bus stand craves beautification |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/margaos-old-bus-stand-craves-beautification/91909.html |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en |archive-date=2024-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729153950/https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/margaos-old-bus-stand-craves-beautification/91909.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The following year, in September 2023, some areas near this location underwent [[beautification]] efforts. One of the key renovations was at the entrance of Gomant Vidya Niketan. This project, initiated by local legislator [[Digambar Kamat]] and carried out by [[Municipal councillor (India)|municipal councillor]] Shagun Naik, included the addition of a [[pedestrian walkway]] that has been artistically designed to mirror the appearance of a [[Musical keyboard|musical piano]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Three beautification projects thrown open in Margao |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/three-beautification-projects-thrown-open-in-margao/103477.html |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref> The entrance area also featured sculptures of a saxophone and guitar.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Gomant Vidya Niketan facelift project kicks up row in Margao |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/gomant-vidya-niketan-facelift-project-kicks-up-row-in-margao/103741.html |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref>

Following a week, the renovation efforts soon sparked controversy, regarding [[Embezzlement|misuse of allotted funds]]. A local non-governmental organization, the Shadow Council for Margao (SCM), alleged that the work including musical instrument installations had cost the authorities {{INRConvert|310000|year=2023}}, SCM [[convenor]] Savio Coutinho claimed the total renovation expenses were estimated at only {{INRConvert|181000|year=2023}}. In response, Naik stated that the project was initiated following the [[No-objection certificate|required authorizations]] from GVN, and it was carried out by engineers employed by the Margao Municipal Corporation. The conflicting accounts of the renovation costs and process generated doubts within the community about transparency and accountability in municipal development initiatives.<ref name=":4" />

==Awards==
In 2008, Gomant Vidya Niketan was awarded the [[Best Cultural Institution Award|Best Cultural Institution]], making it the inaugural recipient of this recognition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Recipients of Goa State Cultural Award |url=https://www.artandculture.goa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/47_doc_Recipients-of-Goa-State-Cultural-Awards.pdf |access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Directorate of Art and Culture |archive-date=5 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805030337/https://www.artandculture.goa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/47_doc_Recipients-of-Goa-State-Cultural-Awards.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

==List of presidents==
* Ashok Kare (2003 – 2012)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-03-23 |title=Ashok Kare leaves behind rich legacy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/ashok-kare-leaves-behind-rich-legacy/articleshow/12374075.cms# |access-date=2026-04-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* Janardhan Verlekar ({{circa|2012}} – {{circa|2025}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gomant Vidya Niketan to celebrate ‘founder’s day’ {{!}} The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2023/03/24/goanews/gomant-vidya-niketan-to-celebrate-founders-day/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730002642/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2023/03/24/goanews/gomant-vidya-niketan-to-celebrate-founders-day/ |archive-date=2024-07-30 |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=www.navhindtimes.in |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Salil Kare ({{circa|2025}} – present)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gomant Vidya Niketan marks 113th anniversary |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/gomant-vidya-niketan-marks-113th-anniversary/amp_articleshow/120044390.cms |access-date=2026-04-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tiatr]]
[[Category:Culture of Goa]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Goa]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Margao]]
[[Category:Performing arts centres in India]]
[[Category:1912 establishments in the Portuguese Empire]]

Nikki Hembrom

2026-04-11T11:10:58Z

KaveriKumari2: made new details - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nikki hembrom
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| office = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Katoria (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Katoria]]
| term_start = 2020
| term_end = 2025
| predecessor = [[Sweety Sima Hembram]]
| successor = [[Puran Lal Tudu]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Nikki Hembrom''' (born 1978)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]]. She is a member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Katoria Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community in [[Banka district]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-10-20 |title=Katoria voters repose faith in different parties |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/katoria-voters-repose-faith-in-different-parties/articleshow/78757354.cms |access-date=2024-06-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She was elected in the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Katoria Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Dr Nikki Hembrom of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/katoria-election-result-2020-live-updates-katoria-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3062141.html |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar Assembly Election Result 2020: Katoria Assembly Constituency |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/acno162-2-1794495 |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Katoria Election Results, Katoria विधानसभाचुनाव परिणाम 2023 - NDTV MPCG |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/bihar-vidhan-sabha-election-results-2020/katoria?wap=1&hideads=0 |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=www.ndtv.com}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Hembrom is from [[Belhar]], [[Banka district]]. Her husband Ramesh Hembrom is a businessman. Together, they have a son, Sonalal Hembrom. She completed her doctorate in 2012 and earned her Ph.D. at [[Sido Kanhu Murmu University]], [[Dumka]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Nikki Hembrom(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KATORIA (ST)(BANKA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=9742 |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> She declared assets worth Rs.1 crore in the affidavit filed to the Election Commission of India before the general election. She has no criminal cases against her.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Hembrom won the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Katoria Assembly constituency]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/bihar-assembly-election-2020/bihar-katoria-st-election-result-s04a162/ | title=Bihar Election Results 2020 | publisher=moneycontrol.com|accessdate=31 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar Elections: Women Candidates Fared Better in Reserved Seats |url=https://thewire.in/politics/bihar-elections-reserved-seats-mahagathbandhan-ndu-women-candidates |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref> She polled 74,785 votes and defeated her nearest rival, [[Sweety Sima Hembram]] of the Rashtriya Janata Dal, by a margin of 6,421 votes. She fights for the rights of the tribal people.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tewary |first=Amarnath |date=2021-12-04 |title=Nitish Kumar should address issues I raised at NDA meeting: Nikki Hembrom |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/nitish-kumar-should-address-issues-i-raised-at-nda-meeting-nikki-hembrom/article37845219.ece |access-date=2024-06-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar Assembly Election Result 2020: Katoria Assembly Constituency |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/election-2020/news/bihar-assembly-election-2020-constituency-wise-results/Katoria-constituency-election-result-2020/acno162 |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> In the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], she contested on the BJP ticket for the first time but lost to the same candidate, Sweety Sima. In 2015, she polled 44,423 votes against Sima, who got 54,762 and won by a margin of 10,339 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KATORIA (ST) Election 2020: Get Latest News Updates of the KATORIA (ST) Constituency Seat in Bihar Assembly Election 2020. |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/bihar-assembly-election/katoria-constituency/ |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Accident ===
On 1 July 2025, she was involved in a road accident when their car hit a tree. The MLA was and her driver were injured along with three other security guards who were escorting her in a vehicle behind her car.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar BJP MLA Nikki Hembram Injured After Her Car Hits Tree in Munger District |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/bihar-bjp-mla-nikki-hembram-injured-after-her-car-hits-tree-in-munger-district-3246230.html |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> After finishing a programme in Bhaljor, she was returning to Bausi. At the Hechala turn, near Shyambazar, the vehicle overturned after hitting a tree, and four guards in the vehicle behind them were injured and treated at a local hospital.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2025 |title=Katoria MLA's escort vehicle overturns, four guards injured |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/banka/story-accident-involving-mla-dr-nikki-hembram-s-security-guards-on-national-highway-201751410967738.html |access-date=16 July 2025 |website=Hindustan Hindi}}</ref>

In June 2023, her son Sonalal Hembrom died of brain hemorrhage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banka News: बीजेपी विधायक के बेटे की मौत, ऐसे गई जान, क्षेत्र में पसरा सन्नाटा |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/politics/bjp-mla-dr-nikki-hembram-son-dies/1760884 |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=Zee News Hindi |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hembrom, Nikki}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Banka district]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Women members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Sido Kanhu Murmu University]]

Sikar Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-06T16:05:36Z

KaveriKumari2: Started

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Rajasthan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sikar
| type = LS
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Rajasthan/Sikar.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Sikar Lok Sabha Constituency
| established = 1952
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| party = {{Party index link|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| mp = [[Amra Ram]]
| preceded_by = [[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| assembly_cons = [[Lachhmangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lachhmangarh]] [[Dhod (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dhod]] [[Sikar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sikar]] [[Danta Ramgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Danta Ramgarh]] [[Khandela (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khandela]] [[Neem Ka Thana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Neem Ka Thana]] [[Srimadhopur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Srimadhopur]] [[Chomu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chomu]]
}}
'''Sikar''' ({{IPA|hi|siːkəɾ}}) is one of the 25 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> [[Amra Ram]] is incumbent member of the Lok Sabha from Sikar.

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Sikar Lok Sabha constituency comprises eight [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceorajasthan.nic.in/PC-ACWISE-ELECTORS.pdf|title=Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies wise Polling Stations & Electors|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Rajasthan website}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2 |2024 Lead
|-
|33
|[[Lachhmangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lachhmangarh]]
| rowspan="7" |[[Sikar district|Sikar]]
|[[Govind Singh Dotasra]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=6}}
|-
| 34
|[[Dhod (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dhod]] (SC)
|[[Gordhan Verma]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
|35
|[[Sikar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sikar]]
|[[Rajendra Pareek]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|36
|[[Danta Ramgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Danta Ramgarh]]
|[[Virendra Singh (Danta Ramgarh)|Virendra Singh Burdak]]
|-
|37
|[[Khandela (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khandela]]
|[[Subhash Meel]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
|38
|[[Neem Ka Thana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Neem Ka Thana]]
|[[Suresh Modi]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|39
|[[Srimadhopur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Srimadhopur]]
|[[Jhabar Singh Kharra]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|43
|[[Chomu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chomu]]
|[[Jaipur district|Jaipur]]
|[[Shikha Meel Barala]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Nandlal Sharma]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad}}" |
|[[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad|Ram Rajya Parishad]]
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Rameshwar Tantia]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|[[Gopal Saboo]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[Shrikrishan Modi]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Jagdish Prasad Mathur]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Kumbha Ram Arya]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}" |
|[[Janata Party (Secular)]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[Balram Jakhar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Choudhary Devi Lal]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[Balram Jakhar]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|Dr. Hari Singh Choudhary
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|1998]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Subhash Maharia]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Mahadeo Singh Khandela]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<ref name="Sikar Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |date=2024 |title=Sikar Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/rajasthan/sikar |accessdate=24 October 2024 |work= |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Lok Sabha 2024 Election results: Sikar">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |date=8 October 2024 |title=Lok Sabha 2024 Election results: Sikar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S205.htm |accessdate=24 October 2024}}</ref>
|[[Amra Ram]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Sikar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate= [[Amra Ram]]
|party= Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|alliance = INDIA
|votes= 6,59,300
|percentage=50.68
|change={{increase}}48.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= [[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
|party= Bharatiya Janata Party
|alliance= NDA
|votes= 586,404
|percentage= 45.08
|change={{decrease}}13.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Amarchand
|votes = 8,619
|percentage = 0.66
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|
|votes = 7,266
|percentage = 0.56
|change = {{decrease}}0.03
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =72,896
|percentage =5.60
|change ={{decrease}}16.80
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =13,00,856
|percentage =58.73
|change ={{decrease}}6.45
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Sikar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Swami Sumedhanand Saraswati]]|votes=7,72,104|percentage=58.19|change={{increase}}11.07}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Subhash Maharia]]|votes=4,74,948|percentage=35.79|change={{increase}}11.24}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Amra Ram]]|votes=31,462|percentage=2.37|change={{decrease}}2.64}}
{{Election box candidate||party=Bhartiya Jan Satta Party|candidate=Vijendra Kumar|votes=12,416|percentage=0.94|change=''N/A''}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 2,97,156
|percentage = 22.40
|change = {{decrease}}0.17
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=13,30,621|percentage=65.18|change={{increase}}4.87}} {{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing ={{increase}}11.07
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Sikar]]<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Swami Sumedhanand Saraswati]]|votes=4,99,428|percentage=47.12|change={{increase}}22.93}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Pratap Singh Jat|votes=2,60,232|percentage=24.55|change={{decrease}}20.23}}
{{Election box candidate ||party=[[Independent (politician)|IND.]]|candidate=[[Subhash Maharia]]|votes=1,88,841|percentage=17.81|change={{increase}}17.81}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Amra Ram]]|votes=53,134|percentage=5.01|change={{decrease}}17.27}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Major Surendra Kumar Punia|votes=15,666|percentage=1.47|change={{increase}}1.47}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Gulab Nazi Azad|votes=4,112|percentage=0.38|change={{decrease}}3.80}}
{{Election box majority||votes=2,39,196|percentage=22.57|change={{increase}}7.66}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,67,462|percentage=60.31|change={{increase}}7.34}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = {{increase}}22.93
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Sikar]]<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |title=General Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Mahadeo Singh Khandela]]|votes=3,24,832|percentage=44.78|change={{increase}}4.64}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Subhash Maharia]]|votes=1,75,386|percentage=24.18|change={{decrease}}22.97}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Amra Ram]]|votes=1,61,590|percentage=22.28|change={{increase}}13.78}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Mahesh kumar|votes=8,163|percentage=1.12|change=''N/A''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Bharat Singh Tanwar|votes=30,374|percentage=4.18|change={{increase}}3.14}}

{{Election box majority||votes=1,49,426|percentage=20.60|change=14.91}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=7,25,287|percentage=48.10|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = {{increase}}4.64
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: [[Sikar]]<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/ |title=General Election 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Subhash Maharia]]|votes=3,67,546|percentage=47.15|change={{increase}}1.59}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Narayan Singh|votes=3,12,863|percentage=40.14|change={{decrease}}1.66}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Amra Ram]]|votes=66,241|percentage=8.50|change={{decrease}}2.24}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Ramesh Chandra Sharma|votes=8,072|percentage=1.04|change={{increase}}0.55}}

{{Election box majority||votes=54,683|percentage=7.01|change={{increase}}3.25}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=7,79,471|percentage=52.84|change={{increase}}5.69}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = {{increase}}1.59
}}
{{Election box end}}<ref name="election1951">{{cite web |title=General Election, 1951 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4111-general-election-1951-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election1957">{{cite web |title=General Election, 1957 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4112-general-election-1957-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election1962">{{cite web |title=General Election, 1962 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4113-general-election-1962-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election1967">{{cite web |title=General Election, 1967 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4114-general-election-1967-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election1971">{{cite web |title=General Election, 1971 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4115-general-election-1971-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election1977">{{cite web |title=General Election, 1977 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4116-general-election-1977-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election1999">{{cite web |title=General Election, 1999 (Vol I, II, III) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4125-general-election-1999-vol-i-ii-iii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Sikar district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/rajasthan/sikar/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Sikar lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|27.6|75.2|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sikar (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Sikar district]]

2023 Odisha Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Survey

2026-04-02T11:27:26Z

KaveriKumari2: Starting initial stub first draft

{{AI-generated|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox event
| title = Odisha Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Survey 2023
| date = 1 May – 6 June 2023
| location = [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| type = Socio-economic survey
| cause = Assessment of SEBC population and conditions
| organizers = Odisha State Commission for Backward Classes (OSCBC)
| outcome = Report submitted October 3, 2023; not yet public
}}

The '''Odisha Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Survey 2023''' was a state-wide socio-economic and educational survey conducted by the Odisha State Commission for Backward Classes (OSCBC) to assess the demographic, social, and economic conditions of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBCs) in Odisha, India. Conducted between 1 May and 6 June 2023, across 314 blocks and 114 urban local bodies, the survey aimed to provide data to inform welfare policies and reservation frameworks for SEBCs, encompassing 208 backward castes. The findings, submitted to the Odisha state government on 3 October 2023, estimated that SEBCs constitute approximately 39.31% of the state's population, though some sources reported a higher figure of 46%. As of May 2025, the report remains unpublished.

==Background==
The survey was initiated in response to the absence of comprehensive caste-based data in India, with the last national caste census conducted in 1931. The 2021 decadal census was postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], prompting states like Odisha and Bihar to undertake independent surveys to address data gaps for policy formulation.<ref name="HinduBegin">{{cite web |title=After Bihar, Odisha govt. begins Backward Class survey |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/after-bihar-odisha-govt-begins-backward-class-survey/article66799843.ece |website=The Hindu |date=2023-05-02 |access-date=2025-05-04}}</ref> In Odisha, the survey was driven by the need to update the socio-economic profile of SEBCs, who have historically been underrepresented in education and employment despite comprising an estimated 54% of the population based on 1931 data.<ref name="NIE">{{cite web |title=39.3 per cent of Odisha population belongs to backward classes, reveals survey |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/oct/04/393-per-cent-odisha-population-belongs-to-backward-classes-reveals-survey-2620791.html |website=The New Indian Express |date=2023-10-04 |access-date=2025-05-04}}</ref> The initiative aligned with constitutional mandates for inclusive growth and followed advocacy for caste-based reservations in education and government jobs, where SEBCs currently have only an 11.25% job reservation quota and no educational reservation.<ref name="HinduOpp">{{cite web |title=Opposition political parties reject outcome of OBC survey in Odisha |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/opposition-political-parties-reject-outcome-of-obc-survey-in-odisha/article67384653.ece |website=The Hindu |date=2023-10-05 |access-date=2025-05-04}}</ref>

==Methodology==
The OSCBC survey was conducted both online and offline, with voluntary participation facilitated through common service centers, Public Distribution System (PDS) outlets, and [[Anganwadi]] centers. Respondents provided details using ration and Aadhaar cards, answering questions on household composition, education, occupation, housing, and access to infrastructure like schools, hospitals, and markets.<ref name="IEKickoff">{{cite web |title=Odisha kicks off survey into conditions of backward classes |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/odisha-first-ever-survey-backward-classes-8585972/ |website=The Indian Express |date=2023-05-02 |access-date=2025-05-04}}</ref> The survey covered approximately 53.96 million households across Odisha's 30{{nbsp}}districts, targeting a projected 2023 population of 49.56{{nbsp}}million (extrapolated from the 2011{{nbsp}}census figure of 41.95{{nbsp}}million).<ref name="Hindu39">{{cite web |title=Backward Class community constitutes 39% of Odisha’s population, says Commission |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/backward-class-community-constitutes-39-of-odishas-population-says-commission/article67379264.ece |website=The Hindu |date=2023-10-03 |access-date=2025-05-04}}</ref> Critics, including opposition parties, noted lower participation in urban areas like Bhubaneswar and Cuttack, attributing it to the lack of door-to-door enumeration.<ref name="HinduOpp" />

==Findings==

===Population estimates===
The survey estimated that SEBCs constitute 39.31% of Odisha's population, totaling approximately 19.49{{nbsp}}million individuals based on a projected 2023 population of 49.56{{nbsp}}million.<ref name="Hindu39" /> This figure contrasts with a ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report claiming SEBCs make up 46% (10.95{{nbsp}}million), a discrepancy possibly due to differing population bases or reporting errors, as 46% of 48{{nbsp}}million yields 22.08{{nbsp}}million.<ref name="HT46">{{cite web |title=Odisha finds 46% of state population under OBC category in its latest survey |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/odisha-finds-46-of-state-population-under-obc-category-in-its-latest-survey-101696413670180.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=2023-10-04 |access-date=2025-05-04}}</ref> The 39.31% figure is lower than the historical 54% estimate from 1931, prompting debates about methodology and accuracy.<ref name="NIE" />

===Educational profile===
The survey highlighted significant educational disparities among SEBCs:<ref name="NIE" />
* 37.6% have primary-level education.
* 10.1% are illiterate.
* 49.6% have low-level education (primary or below matriculation).
* 22% hold matriculation, intermediate, ITI, or diploma qualifications.
* 7.9% are graduates or post-graduates.
* 1.6% have professional degrees, and 0.5% have education beyond post-graduation.

===Occupational distribution===
SEBCs' occupational data revealed reliance on low-skill and informal sectors:<ref name="NIE" />
* 19.3% engage in agriculture with own land.
* 5.3% are agricultural laborers.
* 8% work in non-agricultural activities.
* 4.8% are self-employed.
* 2% are agriculture sharecroppers.
* 3.2% follow traditional occupations.
* 25.2% are in other occupations, often informal.

In employment, only 2.8% of SEBCs hold government jobs, 4.7% are in non-government salaried roles, and 1.3% are professionals, underscoring limited access to high-skill sectors.<ref name="NIE" />

===Geographical distribution===
The survey identified regional variations in SEBC population concentration:<ref name="NIE" />
* Very High (>45%): 11 districts, including Balangir, Bhadrak, Boudh, Ganjam, and Puri.
* High (30–45%): 8 districts, such as Cuttack, Jajpur, and Khurda.
* Moderate (15–30%): 11 districts, mostly tribal, including Koraput and Mayurbhanj.

Six districts—Boudh, Ganjam, Kendrapara, Nayagarh (58%), Puri, and Jagatsinghpur—reported SEBC populations exceeding 50%.<ref name="NIE" />

==Political and social implications==
The survey's findings have sparked significant political contention. The ruling [[Biju Janata Dal]] (BJD), led by Chief Minister [[Naveen Patnaik]], has not released the report, possibly to leverage its data for electoral strategies in the 2024 general elections.<ref name="IT">{{cite web |title=After Bihar, Odisha conducts caste survey, considers releasing report |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/odisha-government-undertakes-obc-census-naveen-patnaik-2444217-2023-10-04 |website=India Today |date=2023-10-04 |access-date=2025-05-04}}</ref> Opposition parties, including the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and [[Indian National Congress]], have demanded its immediate publication, criticizing the survey as inadequate and calling for a comprehensive caste census.<ref name="HinduOpp" /> Congress leader Sarat Pattanayak labeled the survey an "eyewash," citing low urban participation and methodological flaws.<ref name="HinduOpp" />

The survey aligns with a national trend of state-led caste surveys, as seen in [[Bihar]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], and Maharashtra, reflecting growing demands for caste-based data to address socio-economic disparities.<ref name="HinduBegin" /> In Odisha, the findings could influence policies on SEBC reservations and welfare, particularly given the community’s underrepresentation relative to its population share.<ref name="HT46" />

==Criticism==
The survey faced criticism for its voluntary participation model and lack of door-to-door enumeration, which opposition leaders argued led to underreporting, particularly in urban areas.<ref name="HinduOpp" /> The discrepancy between the reported 39.31% and 46% SEBC population figures has fueled debates over data reliability.<ref name="HT46" /> Additionally, the non-publication of the report has raised transparency concerns, with analysts suggesting the BJD’s delay may be politically motivated.<ref name="IT" />

==Future outlook==
The survey's data could shape Odisha's reservation policies, welfare schemes, and political strategies, particularly if released. It underscores the need for targeted interventions to address SEBCs' educational and economic backwardness, as evidenced by their low representation in higher education and government jobs.<ref name="NIE" /> The OSCBC has recommended using the findings for inclusive growth, but the report's impact depends on its public disclosure and subsequent policy actions.<ref name="Hindu39" />

==See also==
* [[Caste system in India]]
* [[Other Backward Class]]
* [[2022 Bihar caste-based survey]]
* [[Reservation in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://oscbc.odisha.gov.in Official Website of Odisha State Commission for Backward Classes]

[[Category:2023 in India]]
[[Category:2020s in Odisha]]
[[Category:Demographics of India]]

Aurangabad, Bihar

2026-03-28T17:17:50Z

KaveriKumari2:

{{more citations needed|date=July 2021}}
{{Distinguish|text=[[Aurangabad|Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar]], formerly also named as Aurangabad}}{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Aurangabad
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.70|N|84.35|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 26-January-1973
| founder =
| named_for = Emperor Aurangzeb
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 141.7
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 108
| population_total = 102,244
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Aurangabadi
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=286989|title=2011 census data|access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 = common
| demographics1_info1 = [[Magahi language|Magahi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 824101,824102 (Aurangabad)<ref>[https://indiapincodes.net/Bihar/Aurangabad/ Aurangabad]</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 06186
| registration_plate = BR-26
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1000:910 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = {{URL|http://aurangabad.bih.nic.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Aurangabad''' {{Audio|Aurangabad.ogg|pronunciation}} is a city in [[Aurangabad District, Bihar]], India. It is the district's centre of governance and has a population of 102,244 as of 2011. The people of this region speak [[Magahi language|Magahi]] and [[Hindi language|Hindi]].

==History==
In ancient times, Aurangabad was located in the [[Mahajanapada]] kingdom of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadh]] (1200 - 322 BCE). The ancient rulers of the town included [[Bimbisara]] (late 5th century BCE), [[Ajatashatru]] (early 4th century BCE), [[Chandragupta Maurya]] (321 - 298 BCE) and [[Ashoka]] (268 - 232 BCE).

During the rule of [[Sher Shah Suri]] (1486 - 1545 CE), Aurangabad became strategically important as part of the Rohtas Sirkar (district). After the death of [[Sher Shah Suri]], Aurangabad fell under the rule of [[Akbar]]. The [[Afghan (ethnonym)|Afghan]] upsurge in the area was suppressed by [[Todar Mal]]. Some elements of [[Afghan (ethnonym)|Afghan]] architecture remain.

In 1865, Bihar District was separated from Patna District. Aurangabad was made a subdivision of Bihar district. Stement was the first subdivisional officer of Aurangabad subdivision. The first Member of Parliament from the district was the former [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister of Unified Bihar]], Satyendra Narayan Singh (Chhote Saheb).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/bihar/parliamentary-constituencies/aurangabad.html|title=Aurangabad (Bihar) Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 with Sitting MP and Party Name|access-date=15 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001051458/http://www.elections.in/bihar/parliamentary-constituencies/aurangabad.html|archive-date=1 October 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

On 26 January 1973, [[Aurangabad district, Bihar]], was created (government notification number 07/11-2071-72 dated 19 January 1973). K. A. H. Subramanyam was the first district magistrate and Surjit Kumar Saha was the sub-divisional officer.

==Geography==
Aurangabad town is located in north east India on the NH 2 (now [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH19]] – [[Grand Trunk Road]]) at its crossing with NH98 (now [[National Highway 139 (India)|NH139]]). Its nearest large town is [[Gaya (India)|Gaya]], {{convert|70|km}} to the east. The capital of Bihar, [[Patna]] is {{convert|140|km}} to the north east.

The area of the town is {{convert|89|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref>

Aurangabad rests on [[alluvial plain]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Dilip K. Chakrabarti|title=Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plain: The Lower and the Middle Ganga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OEZe-wAIiKIC&pg=PA2|year=2001|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-7824-016-9|page=2}}</ref> on the bank of [[Adri river]]. The larger [[Son River|Son river]] is {{convert|26|km|}} to the west. Other rivers such as the [[Punpun River|Punpun]], Auranga, Bataane, Morhar, and Madaar also flow through Aurangabad district.

==Economy==
Aurangabad has an agrarian economy along with some industries. It lies in a drought-prone area. The main crops are [[rice]], [[wheat]], gram [[lentil]] and [[rapeseed]].<ref>{{cite book|author=P. C. Bansil|title=Bihar Agriculture: A Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUlVKM4aZDcC&pg=PA87|year=2011|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-743-2|page=87}}</ref> With rapid industrialisation, Aurangabad has secured 4th position in most improved districts by Niti Aayog. It mainly includes heavy electricity production industries like Nabinagar Super Thermal Power Plant which has a capacity of 4380 MW(660MWX6). It is one of the third largest power plants in India. On 6 September 2019, the power plant commissioned the first 660 MW unit of 4380 MW. ([[NTPC Limited|NTPC]], Nabinagar) and Cement Production ([[Shree Cement]]). Manufactured products include carpets, blankets and brassware. Auranagabad is also famous for strawberry cultivation which helps local farmers to boost their economy and generates jobs for the villagers, who no longer need to migrate in search of livelihood.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://scroll.in/article/872520/farmers-in-a-part-of-bihar-are-turning-to-strawberry-cultivation-to-find-sweet-returns | title=Farmers in a part of Bihar are turning to strawberry cultivation to find sweet returns }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Majid Husain|author-link=Majid Husain|title=Understanding: Geographical: Map Entries: for Civil Services Examinations: Second Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9VGKfQ-sQsC&pg=RA3-PR1|year=2011|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-0-07-070288-2|page=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1557434 |title = NITI Aayog Releases Second Delta Ranking of the Aspirational Districts}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India census, Aurangabad had a population of 102,244.<ref name="Census 2011" />
{{pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religions in Aurangabad City
|value1 = 75.33
|label1 = Hinduism
|color1 = Orange
|value2 = 24.16
|label2 = Islam
|color2 = Green
|value3 = 0.51
|label3 = Others
|color3 = Grey
}}

==Notable people==
* [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]], Member [[Constituent Assembly of India]] and first [[Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amcollegegya.org/bihbibhuti.htm|title=Anugrah Memorial College History|access-date=15 October 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080125/http://amcollegegya.org/bihbibhuti.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://amcollegegya.org|title=Welcome To Anugrah Memorial College Gaya|access-date=15 October 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015075341/http://amcollegegya.org/|archive-date=15 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]], first [[Member of parliament]] and former [[Chief Minister of Bihar]]
* [[Shankar Dayal Singh]], Author and Member of Parliament [[Lok Sabha]] 1971-77 / [[Rajya Sabha]] 1990-95
* [[Nikhil Kumar (governor)|Nikhil Kumar]], former MP and former [[Governor of Kerala]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Nikhil-Kumar-sworn-in-as-governor-of-Kerala/articleshow/19154655.cms |title = Nikhil Kumar sworn in as governor of Kerala | Thiruvananthapuram News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* [[Sushil Kumar Singh (politician)|Sushil Kumar Singh]], Member of the [[Parliament of India]] from Bharatiya janata party .

==See also==
* [[Daudnagar|Daudnagar Town]]
* [[Rafiganj]]
* [[Deo, Bihar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Magadh Division}}

[[Category:Aurangabad, Bihar| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Aurangabad district, Bihar]]

Bhamakalapam (film)

2026-03-28T15:02:17Z

KaveriKumari2: Starting first post more to come

{{short description|2022 film by Abhimanyu}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Bhamakalapam film poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Abhimanyu Tadimeti
| writer = Abhimanyu Tadimeti
| producer = Bhogavalli Bapineedu Sudheer Edara Bharat Kamma (presenter)
| starring = {{ubl|[[Priyamani]]|Kishore|[[John Vijay]]|Shanthi Rao|[[Sharanya Pradeep]]}}
| cinematography = Deepak Yaragera
| editing = Viplav Nyshadam
| music = Mark K. Robin
| studio = [[Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra|SVCC Digital]]
| distributor = [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]
| released = {{Film date|2022|02|11|df=y}}
| runtime = 133 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Bhamakalapam''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[dark comedy film|dark crime comedy]] [[thriller film]] written and directed by Abhimanyu Tadimeti. Produced by [[Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra|SVCC Digital]], the film stars [[Priyamani]] alongside Kishore, [[John Vijay]], Shanthi Rao, and [[Sharanya Pradeep]]. The film's soundtrack and score is composed by [[Justin Prabhakaran]] and Mark K. Robin, respectively.

The title and the central theme of the film is inspired from [[Bhamakalapam]], a traditional dance form of [[Andhra Pradesh]] which refers to the story of a headstrong, proud [[Satyabhama]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=11 February 2022|title='Bhamakalapam' movie review: Priyamani shines in this macabre crime comedy|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/bhamakalapam-movie-review-priyamani-shines-in-this-macabre-crime-comedy/article38411422.ece |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220211/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/bhamakalapam-movie-review-priyamani-shines-in-this-macabre-crime-comedy/article38411422.ece |archive-date=11 February 2022 |url-status=live|access-date=11 February 2022|issn=0971-751X}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ''Bhamakalapam'' was premiered on 11 February 2022 on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]. A sequel ''[[Bhamakalapam 2]]'' was released in 2024.

== Plot ==
The film opens with a young kid listening to a preacher at a spiritual gathering talking about the story of a special egg. According to the story, there was an egg that [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]] brought to people after [[Jesus]] was crucified to indicate the return of him in 3 days. In the present, an [[Fabergé egg|
egg]] is stolen from a museum in [[Kolkata]], which is worth ₹200 crores. It is one of the few precious Easter eggs made by a Russian jewellery maker, [[Peter Carl Fabergé|Faberge]], which used to be owned by the kings of bygones. With the stolen egg, Mani and his associate, the robbers of the egg, are on their way to meet their ring leader, Nayar, but meet with an accident on a bridge. The egg falls off the bridge and lands on a poultry truck amongst edible eggs. Nayar kills the associate and orders Mani to find the egg or meet the same fate.

Anupama is a nosy neighbour in an apartment complex who lives with her husband, Mohan, and son, Varun. She is a budding chef and does cooking videos on YouTube. However, she is a highly nosy person who is too interested in other people's affairs, always observing others through the window of her apartment and gathering information from Shilpa, who works as a maid in the apartments. Feroz, an owner of a poultry shop, finds the Easter egg, and decides to hide it in his home. He lives in the same apartment society as Anupama. Mani knows that Feroz has the egg through his assistant. He and his wife have an argument one night and the following day, she is not seen home. Anupama, who observed the argument through the window, suspects something and decides to know what happened.

With the help of Shilpa, she manages to get a fake key and stumbles upon the dead body of Feroz inside. Mani, who is there to collect the egg, attacks her. In a scuffle, she stabs Mani with a fork, which makes him unconscious. She drags his body into her house and hides it in the kitchen. The police arrive at the apartment the following day to investigate Feroz's murder, led by [[Sub-Inspector|SI]] Pallavi. They suspect Mani of killing Feroz and fleeing away. On the other hand, Nayar's men steal the apartment complex' CCTV footage, where they see Anupama carrying Mani's body. Nayar blackmails Anupama to find the egg and bring it to him. She cannot find it in Feroz's house or in Mani's pockets. However, in an attempt to smuggle Mani's body out with the help of an associate, she gets caught by a corrupt police constable.

After throwing the body in a river packed in a suitcase, the constable demands money from her, stopping their vehicle on her way home. However, Nayar gets him killed and orders Anupama to bring the egg to him and kidnaps Varun. It is revealed that Feroz's wife is the one who stole the egg. She is a disciple of Daniel Babu, a religious leader. He believes that the egg is the same egg which was spoken about in the story of Mary and Jesus. He and his disciples are awaiting the descent of God to Earth. He is the one who actually killed Feroz and now also kills another woman in the apartment who finds out the truth. Anupama recollects that she saw a locket in Feroz's house while searching for the egg, which actually belongs to Daniel. With the help of Shilpa, Anupama hands over Daniel to Nayar and goes to his house in the search of the egg.

The police discover Mani's body in the river along with a knife. Pallavi figures out that it is the same knife Anupama uses in her cooking videos. As Anupama finds the egg and comes out of Daniel's house, Pallavi catches her and suspects her of the murder. Meanwhile, Daniel escapes Nayar by killing all of Nayar's men and reaches his house. He also kills Pallavi and starts firing at Anupama. She manages to survive after taking a bullet. Meanwhile, Mohan arrives with the police and they take Daniel into custody. The film ends with a message: "Not to await the God and believe in human power".

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Priyamani]] as Anupama Mohan, an ambitious homemaker who runs cookery channel on [[YouTube]]
* Kishore as Father Daniel Babu, Christian religious preacher who becomes lunatic.
* [[John Vijay]] as Nayar, a smuggler
* [[Sharanya Pradeep]] as Shilpa, a maid in Anupama's apartment; trusted aid of Anupama.
* Shanthi Rao as [[Sub-Inspector|SI]] P. Pallavi, an investigation officer
* Pradeep Rudra as Mohan, Anupama's husband
* Ranga Raja Pandiyan as Head Constable Samual Josesh
* Pammi Sai as Chinna Rao
* Nellore Neeraja
* Ravinder Bommakanti
* Sameera
* Balaji
* M S Raaja as Mani
* Sai Mukhesh
}}

== Production ==
''Bhama Kalapam'' marks Priyamani's first [[web film]]. The film was primarily shot indoors owing to the restrictions due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 February 2022|title=Priyamani thrilled about her Telugu OTT debut 'Bhamakalapam'|url=https://telanganatoday.com/priyamani-thrilled-about-her-telugu-ott-debut-bhamakalapam |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220211/https://telanganatoday.com/priyamani-thrilled-about-her-telugu-ott-debut-bhamakalapam |archive-date=11 February 2022 |url-status=live|website=Telangana Today}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Filming took place predominantly at a gated community in [[Hyderabad]] and was shot in 25 days.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2022|title=Priyamani on Bhamakalapam: 'Expect the unexpected'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/priyamani-on-bhamakalapam-expect-the-unexpected-7751199/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220211/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/priyamani-on-bhamakalapam-expect-the-unexpected-7751199/ |archive-date=11 February 2022 |url-status=live|website=The Indian Express}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=8 February 2022|title=Priya Mani: I've not played a character like Bhamakalapam's Anupama before|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2022/feb/08/priya-mani-ive-not-played-a-character-like-bhamakalapams-anupama-before-29615.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220211/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2022/feb/08/priya-mani-ive-not-played-a-character-like-bhamakalapams-anupama-before-29615.html |archive-date=11 February 2022 |url-status=live|website=[[Cinema Express]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[The Times of India]]'' gave a critical rating of 3 out of 5, writing "The film had all the ingredients of a great thriller comedy, but its ambitions were let down by the overarching runtime and lack of brevity" and further praised Priyamani's performance stating: "Priyamani as Anupama proves to be a saving grace and breezes through effortlessly. The audience would continue watching the film to root for her character".<ref>{{Citation|title=Bhamakalapam Review: Priyamani's captivating performance saves the day|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/bhamakalapam/ottmoviereview/89154015.cms|access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' felt that "In the first few minutes, as the film finds its feet, it is hard not to be reminded of the 2018 Hindi film ''[[Andhadhun]]'', even if faintly. A lamb crosses the path and a car meets with an accident that changes the course of things. The plot bears no resemblance to ''[[Andhadhun]]'' but this film exists in a zone that is similar to that widely appreciated macabre crime comedy". On a final note, she wrote that "''Bhamakalapam'' is an interesting departure from mainstream Telugu film tropes".<ref name=":0" />

[[Asianet Star Communications|''Asianet'']] praised Abhimanyu's writing of screenplay and story, Priyamani's performance and the background score.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|title=Bhama Kalapam : ప్రియమణి 'భామాకలాపం' రివ్యూ|url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/gallery/movie-reviews/bhama-kalapam-telugu-cinema-review-r74gf6 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220211/https://telugu.asianetnews.com/gallery/movie-reviews/bhama-kalapam-telugu-cinema-review-r74gf6 |archive-date=11 February 2022 |url-status=live|access-date=11 February 2022|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=te}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=tt17024164|title=Bhamakalapam}}
* [https://www.aha.video/movie/bhamakalapam ''Bhamakalapam''] on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]

[[Category:2022 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 comedy films]]
[[Category:2022 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2022 direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Aha (streaming service) original films]]
[[Category:Films set in apartment buildings]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian comedy thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]

1936 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

2026-03-25T19:49:22Z

KaveriKumari2: Starting the pg initial version!

{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox hurricane season
|Track=
|Basin=NIO
|Year=1960
|First storm formed=April 22, 1936
|Last storm dissipated=December 31, 1936
|Strongest storm name=Two
|Strongest storm winds=65
|Strongest storm pressure=979
|Average wind speed=3
|Total disturbances=20 (18 official, 2 unofficial)
|Total depressions=8
|Total storms=6
|Total hurricanes=3
|Total intense=3
|Fatalities=293 total
|Damages=0.075
|Damagespre=>
|five seasons=[[1934 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1934]], [[1935 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1935]], '''1936''', [[1937 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1937]], [[1938 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1938]]
|Atlantic season=1936 Atlantic hurricane season
|East Pacific season=1936 Pacific hurricane season
|West Pacific season=1936 Pacific typhoon season
}}
The '''1936 North Indian Ocean cyclone season''' was an above-average cyclone season, featuring eighteen depressions, eight of which intensified into deep depressions. Of those eight systems, six intensified into [[cyclonic storm]]s. Of these six, three intensified further, becoming severe cyclonic storms and very severe cyclonic storms. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and November, with peaks in late April to May and October to November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most [[tropical cyclones]] form in the northern [[Indian Ocean]]. The official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre]] in the basin is the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD), which at the time, was the sole agency issuing warnings on tropical cyclones in the basin.
{{clear|left}}

== Season summary ==
<div style="text-align: center;">
<timeline>
ImageSize = width:900 height:180
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:50 left:20
Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270
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DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/04/1936 till:30/01/1937
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
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Colors =
id:canvas value:gray(0.88)
id:GP value:red
id:TD value:rgb(0,0.52,0.84) legend:Depression_(31–50_km/h)
id:DD value:rgb(0.43,0.76,0.92) legend:Deep_Depression_(51–62_km/h)
id:TS value:rgb(0.3,1,1) legend:Cyclonic_Storm_(63–88_km/h)
id:ST value:rgb(0.75,1,0.75) legend:Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(89–117_km/h)
id:VS value:rgb(1,0.85,0.55) legend:Very_Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(118–165_km/h)
id:ES value:rgb(1,0.45,0.54) legend:Extremely_Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(166–220_km/h)
id:SU value:rgb(0.55,0.46,0.9) legend:Super_Cyclonic_Storm_(≥221_km/h)
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barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till
from:22/04/1936 till:26/04/1936 color:VS text:"One (VSCS)"
from:22/05/1936 till:29/05/1936 color:VS text:"Two (VSCS)"
from:11/06/1936 till:17/06/1936 color:TS text:"Three (CS)"
from:25/06/1936 till:28/06/1936 color:TD text:"Four (D)"
from:28/06/1936 till:04/07/1936 color:TS text:"Five (CS)"
from:02/07/1936 till:05/07/1936 color:TD text:"Six (D)"
barset:break
from:07/07/1936 till:11/07/1936 color:TD text:"Seven (D)"
from:21/07/1936 till:29/07/1936 color:DD text:"Eight (DD)"
from:17/08/1936 till:18/08/1936 color:TD text:"Nine (D)"
from:26/08/1936 till:01/09/1936 color:DD text:"Ten (DD)"
from:05/09/1936 till:09/09/1936 color:TD text:"Eleven (D)"
from:29/09/1936 till:01/10/1936 color:TD text:"Twelve (D)"
barset:break
from:29/09/1936 till:07/10/1936 color:VS text:"Thirteen (VSCS)"
from:25/10/1936 till:31/10/1936 color:TS text:"Fourteen (CS)"
from:03/11/1936 till:15/11/1936 color:DD text:"Fifteen (DD)"
from:04/11/1936 till:07/11/1936 color:TD text:"Sixteen (D)"
from:02/12/1936 till:04/12/1936 color:TD text:"Seventeen (D)"
from:30/12/1936 till:31/12/1936 color:TD text:"Eighteen (D)"

bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas
from:01/04/1936 till:30/04/1936 text:April
from:01/05/1936 till:31/05/1936 text:May
from:01/06/1936 till:30/06/1936 text:June
from:01/07/1936 till:31/07/1936 text:July
from:01/08/1936 till:31/08/1936 text:August
from:01/09/1936 till:30/09/1936 text:September
from:01/10/1936 till:31/10/1936 text:October
from:01/11/1936 till:30/11/1936 text:November
from:01/12/1936 till:31/12/1936 text:December
from:01/01/1937 till:30/01/1937 text:Jan' 1937
</timeline>
</div>
The 1936 North Indian Ocean cyclone season took place during the neutral phase of the [[El Niño–Southern Oscillation]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Past Events |url=https://psl.noaa.gov/enso/past_events.html |website=Physics Science Laboratory |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=20 September 2024}}</ref> which is correlated with less activity in the basin.{{sfn|Climate Dynamics|2020|p=1575}} Additionally, ENSO-neutral conditions are also correlated to a higher chance of landfall in the eastern coast of India,{{sfn|Climate Dynamics|2020|p=1585}} hence the fact that a majority of the systems impacted land.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936}} In total, the season had eighteen depressions, eight of which intensified into deep depressions, with six intensifying further into cyclonic storms, and three further developing into severe cyclonic storms and very severe cyclonic storms.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936}}

The season began on April 21, when a cyclone developed in the Bay of Bengal. Peaking as an very severe cyclonic storm, it would make landfall in modern-day Myanmar prior to dissipating.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=1-4}} A month after that system dissipated, another very severe cyclonic storm formed in late May, making landfall in East India prior to dissipating.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=5-7}} Three depressions would form in June, with two developing into cyclonic storms.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=8-11}} In July, three depressions would form, with one of them developing into a deep depression prior to dissipating.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=11-12}} In August, two systems would form, with one of them becoming a deep depression prior to making landfall in Andhra Pradesh.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=13-14}} September would feature three systems.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=14-20}} The first and second systems, weak depression, would not be of much importance.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=14-16}} However, the third system would peak as a very severe cyclonic storm prior to striking Odisha in early October.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=16-20}} In October, only one system, a deadly cyclonic storm would form.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=21-22}} However, November and December would be more active, featuring two depressions each.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=24-26}} The last system, a weak depression offshore Sri Lanka, would form on December 30 and dissipate early the next day.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=22}}

== Systems ==
=== Very Severe Cyclonic Storm One ===
'''1936 Burma cyclone'''
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=01B 1936 path.png
|Formed=22 April
|Dissipated=26 April
|3-min winds=65
|Pressure=993
}}
On April 21, due to a temporary advancement of the [[southwest monsoon]], a low-pressure area was first identified near the [[Nicobar Islands]]. Developing over the southeastern Bay of Bengal, later that day, it coalesced into an area of unsettled weather.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=1}} Further development occurred, and on 00:00 UTC the next day, the disturbance developed into a depression west of the Nicobar Islands.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=1}}<ref name="IBTRACS1">{{Cite report |title=1936 Severe Cyclonic Storm UNNAMED (1936113N10090) |date=2024 |url=https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r01-1936113N10090 |last1=Gahtan |first1=J. |access-date=2024-09-12 |last2=Knapp |first2=K. R. |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information |last3=Schreck |first3=C. J. |last4=Diamond |first4=H. J. |last5=Kossin |first5=J. P. |last6=Kruk |first6=M. C. }}</ref> Undergoing [[rapid intensification]],{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=3}} by 12:00 UTC that same day, the cyclone had peaked as a very severe cyclonic storm with sustained winds of {{cvt|65|kn|mph km/h}}.<ref name="IBTRACS1" /> It later attained a minimum pressure of {{cvt|993|hPa|inHg}} at 21:00 UTC that day.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=4}} Soon after, the cyclone recurved,<ref name="IBTRACS1" /> with its intensity remaining the same as it tracked northeastward the next few days.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=4}} At 03:00 UTC on April 26,<ref name="IBTRACS1" /> the cyclone made its first landfall over [[Cheduba Island]] near peak intensity, producing intense winds there.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=4}} Soon after, it made its second landfall along the coast of [[Myanmar]], somewhere between [[Thandwe]] and [[Kyaukphyu]].{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=3}} Rapidly weakening, it dissipated later that day.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=4}}

The most intense storm to strike Myanmar prior to 1970,<ref name="WUNDERGROUND1">{{cite news |last1=Masters |first1=Jeff |title=Top weather story of 2008: Cyclone Nargis |url=https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/top-weather-story-of-2008-cyclone-nargis.html |access-date=12 September 2024 |work=Category 6™ |publisher=Weather Underground |date=5 January 2009}}</ref> immense property damage occurred in Thandwe and Kyaukphyu.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=4}} Many villages along the coast were destroyed either due to the cyclone's winds or storm surge.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=4}} Over 150,000 were affected by the resulting flooding that came from it.<ref>{{cite book |title=MYANMAR |date=2014 |publisher=National Institute of Disaster Management |page=6 |url=https://nidm.gov.in/easindia2014/err/pdf/country_profile/Myanmar.pdf |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref> In some villages, torrential rainfall destroyed all of the grain that was stored while thousands of cattle were lost. Initial reports also stated that more than due to the cyclone, over 1000 people had died or drowned,{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=5}} however, a 2006 report by [[Jeff Masters]] of ''[[Wunderground]]'' stated that only 36 people were killed.<ref name="WUNDERGROUND1" />
{{Clear}}

=== Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Two ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=02B 1936 path.png
|Formed=22 May
|Dissipated=29 May
|3-min winds=65
|Pressure=979
}}
On May 22, due to the southwest monsoon strengthening, an area of unsettled weather formed over the Bay of Bengal.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=5}} Just a few hours later, this disturbance developed into a depression.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=5}} However, further intensification was slow to occur, as it would not become a cyclonic storm until May 25.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=5}} Paralleling the eastern coast of India as it recurved northwards prior to resuming its northeastward track a few days later, the next day, the cyclone peaked as a very severe cyclonic storm with sustained winds of {{cvt|65|kn|mph km/h|order=out|round=5}}.<ref name="IBTRACS2">{{Cite report |title=1936 Severe Cyclonic Storm UNNAMED (1936144N14084) |date=2024 |url=https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r01-1936144N14084 |last1=Gahtan |first1=J. |access-date=2024-09-12 |last2=Knapp |first2=K. R. |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information |last3=Schreck |first3=C. J. |last4=Diamond |first4=H. J. |last5=Kossin |first5=J. P. |last6=Kruk |first6=M. C. }}</ref> Despite weakening into a severe cyclonic storm{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=5}} as it made landfall along the coast of eastern India on May 27,<ref name="IBTRACS2" /> it attained a minimum pressure of {{cvt|979|hPa|inHg}} at that time.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=5}} Tracking northeastward after landfall, it weakened rapidly once inland, eventually dissipating over [[Mymensingh]] on May 29.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=6}}

Due to the cyclone, the southwest monsoon was able to establish itself in Northern India and Myanmar. As a result, torrential rainfall occurred, peaking with {{cvt|21|in|cm}} in [[Cherrapunji]] and {{cvt|15|in|cm}} in [[Shillong]] on May 29. Many rivers flooded, carrying away cattle and making many families homeless. Nearly every single building in [[Tura, Meghalaya|Tura]] was damaged due to flooding as overflowing rivers caused many boats to be lost.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=6-7}}
{{clear}}

=== Cyclonic Storm Three ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=03B 1936 path.png
|Formed=11 June
|Dissipated=17 June
|3-min winds=35
}}
On June 10, an area of unsettled weather was first over the northern Bay of Bengal. Developing into a cyclonic circulation a few hours later, on June 11, this disturbance developed into a depression.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=8-9}} As it tracked northwest towards India,<ref name="IBTRACS3">{{Cite report |url=https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r01-1936163N20089 |title=1936 Cyclonic Storm UNNAMED (1936163N20089) |last1=Gahtan |first1=J. |last2=Knapp |first2=K. R. |date=2024 |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information |last3=Schreck |first3=C. J. |last4=Diamond |first4=H. J. |last5=Kossin |first5=J. P. |last6=Kruk |first6=M. C. |access-date=2024-09-12}}</ref> it intensified into a deep depression a few hours later.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=9}} As a result, prior to making landfall southeast of [[Balasore]],{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=9}} it peaked as a minimal cyclonic storm early on June 13 with peak winds of {{cvt|35|kn|mph km/h|order=out|round=5}}.<ref name="IBTRACS3" /> However, once inland, it rapidly weakened, becoming a depression by June 14.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=9}} The weakening depression would persist northwestwards, dissipating over Westcentral India on June 17.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=9}}

Due to the cyclone, the southwest monsoon was able to establish itself in North and Central India, causing torrential rainfall.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=9}} As a result, a country boat travelling in the [[Gomal River]] capsized, causing 20 deaths.<ref name="THEINDIANEXPRESS1">{{cite news |title=Boats Capsize In Rivers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C8A-AAAAIBAJ |access-date=14 September 2024 |issue=224 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=15 June 1936 |page=8 |language=en}}</ref> Locally heavy rain would also occur in the Central Provinces and Orissa, peaking in [[Kumhari]], which received {{cvt|11|in|cm}} of rainfall.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=9}} The cyclone, which at the time was expected to impact [[Mount Everest]], prevented [[Hugh Ruttledge]] and his fellow climbers from successfully completing their [[1936 British Mount Everest expedition|expedition]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Mountain Climbers Are Balked By Storm |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PLIhAAAAIBAJ |publisher=Reading Eagle |date=12 June 1936 |page=Front Cover |language=en}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

=== Depression Four ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=04B 1936 path.png
|Formed=25 June
|Dissipated=28 June
|3-min winds=25
|Prewinds = ≤
}}
On June 21, after temporarily weakening, the monsoon began strengthening over the Bay of Bengal. As a result, three days later, a trough of low pressure was first identified offshore Orissa and [[Ganjam]]. This trough would develop in favorable environmental conditions,{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=10}} becoming a depression on June 25.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=11}} Deepening as it travelled near-stationary for the next few days, the depression finally made landfall near Balasore on June 28. Once inland, the depression rapidly weakened, dissipating just a few hours later.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=10}}
{{clear}}
=== Cyclonic Storm Five ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=
|Formed=28 June
|Dissipated=4 July
|3-min winds=45
}}
On June 28, a land depression was first identified over the west [[Central Provinces]].{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=11}} As it tracked northwestwards and then westwards,<ref name="IBTRACS4">{{Cite report |url=https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r01-1936180N23077 |title=1936 Cyclonic Storm UNNAMED (1936180N23077) |last1=Gahtan |first1=J. |last2=Knapp |first2=K. R. |date=2024 |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information |last3=Schreck |first3=C. J. |last4=Diamond |first4=H. J. |last5=Kossin |first5=J. P. |last6=Kruk |first6=M. C. |access-date=2024-09-12}}</ref> it began deepening over [[Deesa]].{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=11}} As a result, early on July 1, it developed into a cyclonic storm over [[Badin]],{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=11}} peaking with sustained winds of {{cvt|45|kn|mph km/h|order=out|round=5}} later that day.<ref name="IBTRACS4" /> However, weakening soon commenced, and as it crossed into the Arabian Sea on July 2,{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=11}} it weakened into a deep depression.<ref name="IBTRACS4" /> The weakening cyclone would traverse westwards prior to dissipating over Oman on July 4.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=11}}

Heavy rainfall associated with the storm caused three deaths in [[Ernakulam]] and uprooted several trees. Additionally, three country boats carrying merchandise were capsized.<ref name="THEINDIANEXPRESS2">{{cite news |title=Storm Havoc In Ernakulam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=58A-AAAAIBAJ |access-date=16 September 2024 |issue=239|volume=4 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=1 July 1936 |page=3 |language=en}}</ref>
{{clear}}

=== Depression Six ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=
|Formed=2 July
|Dissipated=5 July
|3-min winds=25
|Prewinds = ≤
}}
On June 30, a low-pressure area was first identified over Myanmar. Travelling eastwards, this disturbance would spawn an area of unsettled weather over the north and central Bay of Bengal.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=11}} As a result of this, on July 2, a depression formed over the bay.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=12}} Initially tracking north, after it made landfall between Balasore and [[Sagar Island]] the next day, it would begin tracking northwestwards instead. As a result, the weakening depression would persist until finally dissipating on July 5.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=12}}
{{clear}}

=== Land Depression Seven ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=
|Formed=7 July
|Dissipated=11 July
|3-min winds=25
|Prewinds = ≤
}}
On July 7, a land depression was first identified near [[Lucknow]]. This depression would slowly track southwestwards, [[brown ocean effect|deepening slightly]] due to the rains intensifying the monsoon over the United Provinces. However, two days later, it began tracking northwestwards, weakening steadily. As a result, it dissipated over [[Bareilly]] on July 11.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=12}}
{{clear}}

=== Deep Depression Eight ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=
|Formed=21 July
|Dissipated=29 July
|3-min winds=30
}}
On July 20, a cyclonic circulation was first identified offshore Orissa. Developing, it soon became a depression the next day.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=12}} Developing as it initially moved near-stationary,{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=12}} on 03:00 UTC that same day, it became a deep depression.<ref name="IBTRACS5">{{Cite report |title=1936 Depression UNNAMED (1936203N18087) |date=2024 |url=https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r01-1936203N18087 |last1=Gahtan |first1=J. |access-date=2024-09-12 |last2=Knapp |first2=K. R. |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information |last3=Schreck |first3=C. J. |last4=Diamond |first4=H. J. |last5=Kossin |first5=J. P. |last6=Kruk |first6=M. C. }}</ref> Soon after, it tracked northwestwards, making landfall along the coast of [[Puri]] and [[Gopalpur, Odisha|Gopalpur]] two days later.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=12}} Once inland, the depression slowly weakened as it tracked northwestwards,{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=12}} slowly tracking northwards prior to dissipating on July 29.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=12}}<ref name="IBTRACS5" />
{{Clear}}

=== Depression Nine ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=
|Formed=17 August
|Dissipated=18 August
|3-min winds=25
|Prewinds = ≤
}}
On August 15, due to the strengthening monsoon, an area of unsettled weather formed in the northern Bay of Bengal. Developing offshore Odisha, two days later, the disturbance developed into a depression. Tracking northwards, after it made landfall near [[Chandabali]] on the evening of August 18, it rapidly weakened, dissipating soon after.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=13}}
{{clear}}

=== Deep Depression Ten ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=
|Formed=26 August
|Dissipated=1 September
|3-min winds=30
}}
On August 25, an area of unsettled weather with a weak low-level circulation formed over the northern Bay of Bengal.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=13-14}} Developing into a shallow depression early the next day, it initially stalled prior to deepening.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=14}} As a result, as it tracked southwestwards prior to recurving on August 28,<ref name="IBTRACS6">{{Cite report |title=1936 Depression UNNAMED (1936239N19089) |date=2024 |url=https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r01-1936239N19089 |last1=Gahtan |first1=J. |access-date=2024-09-12 |last2=Knapp |first2=K. R. |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information |last3=Schreck |first3=C. J. |last4=Diamond |first4=H. J. |last5=Kossin |first5=J. P. |last6=Kruk |first6=M. C. }}</ref> it peaked as a deep depression.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=14}} However, as it neared the coast, the system weakened into a depression,{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=14}} prior to making landfall near [[Kalingapatnam]] on 03:00 UTC on August 29.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=14}}<ref name="IBTRACS5" /> Tracking northwestwards soon after,<ref name="IBTRACS6" /> it persisted inland prior to dissipating on September 1.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=14}}
{{clear}}

=== Depression Eleven ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=
|Formed=5 September
|Dissipated=9 September
|3-min winds=25
|Prewinds = ≤
}}
On September 4, due to the strengthening monsoon, an area of unsettled weather formed in the northern Bay of Bengal. Developing into a depression a day later, it began tracking northwestwards. Never developing further, after it made landfall in Odisha on September 7, it kept moving northwestwards prior to being absorbed by a trough of low pressure over northern India.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=14}}
{{clear}}

=== Depression Twelve ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=
|Formed=29 September
|Dissipated=1 October
|3-min winds=25
|Prewinds = ≤
}}
On September 27, an area of unsettled weather was first identified over the Bay of Bengal. The next day, ship reports revealed that two cyclonic circulations had formed from this disturbance. Both developing into depressions on September 29, the former one would intensify further prior to making landfall in [[Tharrawaddy, Myanmar|Tharrawaddy]]. Tracking northwestwards soon after, it would degenerate into a weak low-pressure area. Despite that it was able to retain its upper-level circulation.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=16}}
{{clear}}

=== Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thirteen ===
'''1936 Odisha cyclone'''
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thirteen 3 October 1936.png
|Track=11B 1936 path.png
|Formed=29 September
|Dissipated=7 October
|3-min winds=65
|Pressure = 986
}}
On September 29, two depressions would form from an area of unsettled weather over the Bay of Bengal. While the former one would make landfall in Tharrawaddy and dissipate,{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=16}} the latter one would track northeastwards due to favorable upper-level conditions.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=17}} As a result, on October 2, it would deepen into a deep depression, developing into a cyclonic storm a few hours later.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=17}} Further developing, the next day, the system intensified into a severe cyclonic storm,{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=20}} peaking with sustained winds of {{cvt|65|kn|mph km/h|order=out|round=5}}.<ref name="IBTRACS7">{{Cite report |title=1936 Severe Cyclonic Storm UNNAMED (1936273N15086) |date=2024 |url=https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r01-1936273N15086 |last1=Gahtan |first1=J. |access-date=2024-09-12 |last2=Knapp |first2=K. R. |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information |last3=Schreck |first3=C. J. |last4=Diamond |first4=H. J. |last5=Kossin |first5=J. P. |last6=Kruk |first6=M. C. }}</ref> On 21:00 UTC that same day,<ref name="IBTRACS7" /> the cyclone would make landfall alongside the coast of Odisha.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=20}} Rapidly weakening once inland, by the next day, the cyclone had weakened into a deep depression, further weakening as it recurved northeastwards.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=20}} It would finally dissipate over Bangladesh on October 7.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=20}}

Widespread rainfall from the cyclone affected Myanmar, Bangladesh, and portions of India, with the most concentrated amounts seeing in Odisha. As a result, extensive damage occurred in the state, with [[Cuttack]] alone seeing 300 homes collapsing.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=20}} In Bangladesh, many areas in [[Noakhali District]] were inundated due to the cyclone's storm surge.<ref>{{cite news |title=Severe Cyclone on East Coast |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FME-AAAAIBAJ |access-date=19 September 2024 |issue=302 |volume=4 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=5 October 1936 |page=7}}</ref> In West Bengal, the cyclone produced a tornado which capsized several country boats carrying [[jute]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Severe Tornado and Cyclone |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FsE-AAAAIBAJ |access-date=19 September 2024 |issue=304| volume=4 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=7 October 1936 |page=Front Cover |language=en}}</ref> In total, the cyclone caused one death.<ref name="THEINDIANEXPRESS3">{{cite news |title=Cyclone in Orrisa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FsE-AAAAIBAJ |access-date=19 September 2024 |issue=304| volume=4 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=7 October 1936 |page=5 |language=en}}</ref>
{{clear}}

=== Cyclonic Storm Fourteen ===
'''1936 Andhra Pradesh cyclone'''
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=
|Formed=25 October
|Dissipated=31 October
|3-min winds=45
}}
On October 25, due to the [[northeast monsoon]] establishing itself, a cyclonic circulation developed in the southern Bay of Bengal.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=21}} Developing into a depression later that day, the cyclone would develop into a cyclonic storm as it tracked north-northwestwardly.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=22}} Soon after, it peaked with sustained winds of {{cvt|45|kn|mph km/h|order=out|round=5}} on October 27.<ref name="IBTRACS8">{{Cite report |title=Severe Cyclonic Storm UNNAMED (1936299N10088) |date=2024 |url=https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r01-1936299N10088 |last1=Gahtan |first1=J. |access-date=2024-09-12 |last2=Knapp |first2=K. R. |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information |last3=Schreck |first3=C. J. |last4=Diamond |first4=H. J. |last5=Kossin |first5=J. P. |last6=Kruk |first6=M. C. }}</ref> Tracking northwestwardly for a while, it later made landfall near Machilipatnam on 06:00 UTC the next day.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=22}}<ref name="IBTRACS8" /> Weakening soon after, it became a deep depression over [[Hyderabad]], finally dissipating over the Central Provinces on October 31.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=22}}

Severe rainfall from the cyclone caused immense damage in Andhra Pradesh. Many villages were either inundated or collapsed due to heavy rainfall, causing thousands to become homeless. In [[Chirala]], the tobacco factory sustained 2 lakh rupees ($75,000) in damage.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=22}}<ref name="CVT">{{cite web |title=Measures of worth, inflation rates, saving calculator, relative value, worth of a dollar, worth of a pound, purchasing power, gold prices, GDP, history of wages, average wage |url=https://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/exchangeglobal/result.php?year_source=1916&year_result=1948&countryE[]=India |website=Measuring Worth |access-date=19 September 2024}}</ref> In total, the storm killed 233 people in India.<ref name="ADRCIndia">{{cite book |title=ADRC 20th Century Asian Natural Disasters Data Book |date=August 2002 |publisher=Asian Disaster Reduction Center |page=8 |url=https://www.adrc.asia/publications/databook/ORG/databook_20th/IND.pdf |access-date=15 September 2024 |chapter=Top 25 Natural Disasters in India according to Number of Killed (1901-2000)}}</ref> In the storm's aftermath, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] visited flooded areas to bring help pay for flood relief.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Akbar |first1=Syed |title=When Mahatma Gandhi toured Andhra Pradesh to raise cyclone relief fund |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/when-gandhi-toured-ap-to-raise-cyclone-relief-fund/articleshow/71412603.cms |access-date=15 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=3 October 2019}}</ref>

=== Deep Depression Fifteen ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=
|Formed=3 November
|Dissipated=15 November
|3-min winds=30
|Pressure=1005
}}
On November 1, a low-pressure area formed near the eastern coast of Sri Lanka. Developing further, as it tracked into the Arabian Sea two days later, it became a depression. Tracking westwards and then northwestwards, on November 6, the depression intensified further, becoming a deep depression.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=23}} Further deepening as it tracked northwards towards the coast of Gujarat, it attained a minimum pressure of {{cvt|1005|hPa|inHg}} on November 12. However, soon after, it rapidly weakened, dissipating on November 15 over [[Kutch district|Kutch]].{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=23}}
{{clear}}

=== Depression Sixteen ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=13B 1936 path.png
|Formed=4 November
|Dissipated=7 November
|3-min winds=25
|Prewinds = ≤
}}
On November 3, an area of unsettled weather formed in the southern Bay of Bengal, developing into a depression early the next day. Never intensifying further, the depression would track northwestwardly and then west-northwestwardly prior to weakening four days later. It soon made landfall along the coast of Chennai, dissipating a few hours later.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=24-25}}
{{clear}}
=== Depression Seventeen ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=14B 1936 path.png
|Formed=2 December
|Dissipated=4 December
|3-min winds=25
|Prewinds = ≤
}}
From November 28–30, a low-pressure area in the [[Gulf of Thailand]] would produce convective activity in the [[Andaman Sea]]. As it passed through [[Thailand]] and entered the Andaman Sea on December 1, it would produce an area of unsettled weather which developed into a depression early the next day. Never intensifying further, the depression degenerated into a trough of low pressure on December 4. This remnant trough would persist prior to dissipating two days later.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|pp=25-26}}
{{clear}}
=== Depression Eighteen ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=15B 1936 path.png
|Formed=30 December
|Dissipated=31 December
|3-min winds=25
|Prewinds = ≤
}}
On December 30, an area of unsettled weather formed offshore Sri Lanka over the southwest Bay of Bengal, developing into a depression a few hours later. Never intensifying further, the depression would track southwesterly into the Arabian Sea prior to degenerating into a low-pressure area early the next day.{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=26}}
{{clear}}

=== Other systems ===
* According to IBTrACS, on July 2, a tropical cyclone formed in the border of India and Pakistan. Crossing into the Arabian Sea the next day, it dissipated.<ref name="UNOFFICIAL1">{{Cite report |title=1936 UNNAMED (1936177N21088) |date=2024 |url=https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r01-1936177N21088 |last1=Gahtan |first1=J. |access-date=2024-09-12 |last2=Knapp |first2=K. R. |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information |last3=Schreck |first3=C. J. |last4=Diamond |first4=H. J. |last5=Kossin |first5=J. P. |last6=Kruk |first6=M. C. }}</ref>
* According to IBTrACS, on July 15, a depression with sustained winds of {{cvt|25|kn|mph km/h|order=out|round=5}} formed in modern-day Pakistan. Crossing into the Arabian Sea the next day, it dissipated.<ref name="UNOFFICIAL2">{{Cite report |title=1936 Depression UNNAMED (1936197N24069) |date=2024 |url=https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r01-1936197N24069 |last1=Gahtan |first1=J. |access-date=2024-09-12 |last2=Knapp |first2=K. R. |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information |last3=Schreck |first3=C. J. |last4=Diamond |first4=H. J. |last5=Kossin |first5=J. P. |last6=Kruk |first6=M. C. }}</ref>

== Bibliographies ==
* {{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=1936|access-date=September 2, 2024|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions|url=ftp://ftp.library.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/cd019_pdf/00462956.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614094801/ftp://ftp.library.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/cd019_pdf/00462956.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-06-14|ref = {{harvid|India Weather Review|1936}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Wahiduzzaman |first1=Md |last2=Oliver |first2=Eric C. J. |last3=Wotherspoon |first3=Simon J. |last4=Luo |first4=Jing-Jia |title=Seasonal forecasting of tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean region: the role of El Niño-Southern Oscillation |journal=Climate Dynamics |date=February 2020 |volume=54 |issue=3-4 |pages=1571–1589 |doi=10.1007/s00382-019-05075-7|ref = {{harvid|Climate Dynamics|2020}}}}

== Season effects ==
This is a table of all storms in the 1936 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It mentions all of the season's storms and their names, duration, peak intensities according to the IMD storm scale, damage, and death totals. Damage and death totals include the damage and deaths caused when that storm was a precursor wave or extratropical low. All of the damage figures are in 1936 [[United States dollar|USD]].

{{North Indian Ocean areas affected (Top)|year=1936}}
|-
| One || {{Sort|01|April 22 – 26}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VSCS}}|{{Sort|4|Very severe cyclonic storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VSCS}}|{{convert|65|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VSCS}}| {{convert|993|comma=off|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}|| [[Myanmar]] || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || 36 ||<ref name="WUNDERGROUND1" />
|-
| Two || {{Sort|02|May 22 – 29}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VSCS}}|{{Sort|4|Very severe cyclonic storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VSCS}}|{{convert|65|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VSCS}}| {{convert|979|comma=off|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}|| Myanmar, [[Bangladesh]], [[North India]] || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || None ||
|-
| Three || {{Sort|03|June 11 – 17}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|CS}}|{{Sort|2|Cyclonic storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|CS}}|{{convert|35|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|CS}}| Not specified || North India, [[Central India]], Bangladesh || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || 20 ||<ref name="THEINDIANEXPRESS1" />
|-
| Four || {{Sort|04|June 25 – 28}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|{{Sort|0|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|≤{{convert|25|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}| Not specified || [[Myanmar]] || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || None ||
|-
| Five || {{Sort|05|June 28 – July 4}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|CS}}|{{Sort|2|Cyclonic storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|CS}}|{{convert|45|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|CS}}| Not specified || India (primarily [[Gujarat]] and [[Kerala]]), [[Pakistan]], [[Oman]] || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || 3 ||<ref name="THEINDIANEXPRESS2" />
|-
| Six || {{Sort|06|July 2 – 5}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|{{Sort|0|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|≤{{convert|25|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}| Not specified || Myanmar, [[West Bengal]] || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || None ||
|-
| Seven || {{Sort|07|July 7 – 11}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|{{Sort|0|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|≤{{convert|25|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}| Not specified || North India || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || None ||
|-
| Eight || {{Sort|08|July 21 – 29}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DD}}|{{Sort|1|Deep depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DD}}|{{convert|30|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DD}}| Not specified || India || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || None ||
|-
| Nine || {{Sort|09|August 17 – 18}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|{{Sort|0|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|≤{{convert|25|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}| Not specified || [[East India]] (primarily [[Odisha]]), Myamnar (primarily [[Rakhine State|Rakhine]]) || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || None ||
|-
| Ten || {{Sort|10|August 26 – September 1}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DD}}|{{Sort|1|Deep depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DD}}|{{convert|30|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DD}}| Not specified || [[North India]] (primarily Odisha and [[Andhra Pradesh]]), Myamnar || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || None ||
|-
| Eleven || {{Sort|11|September 5 – 9}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|{{Sort|0|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|≤{{convert|25|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}| Not specified || East India (primarily Odisha), North India || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || None ||
|-
| Twelve || {{Sort|12|September 29 – October 1}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|{{Sort|0|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|≤{{convert|25|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}| Not specified || Myanmar || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || None ||
|-
| Thirteen || {{Sort|12|September 29 – October 7}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VSCS}}|{{Sort|4|Very severe cyclonic storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VSCS}}|{{convert|65|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VSCS}}| {{convert|986|comma=off|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}|| Myanmar, Odisha, [[West Bengal]], Bangladesh || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || 1 ||<ref name="THEINDIANEXPRESS3" />
|-
| Fourteen || {{Sort|13|October 25 – 31}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|CS}}|{{Sort|2|Cyclonic storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|CS}}|{{convert|45|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|CS}}| Not specified || India (primarily [[Andhra Pradesh]]) || {{ntsh|1|75000|$}} $75,000 || 233 ||{{sfn|India Weather Review|1936|p=22}}<ref name="ADRCIndia" /><ref name="CVT" />
|-
| Fifteen || {{Sort|14|November 3 – 15}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DD}}|{{Sort|1|Deep depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DD}}|{{convert|30|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DD}}| {{convert|1005|comma=off|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}|| [[Sri Lanka]], [[West India]] (primarily Gujarat) || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || None ||
|-
| Sixteen || {{Sort|15|November 4 – 7}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|{{Sort|0|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|≤{{convert|25|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}| Not specified || [[Tamil Nadu]] || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || None ||
|-
| Seventeen || {{Sort|16|December 2 – 4}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|{{Sort|0|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|≤{{convert|25|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}| Not specified || [[Thailand]], [[Andaman Islands]] || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || None ||
|-
| Eighteen || {{Sort|17|December 30 – 31}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|{{Sort|0|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}|≤{{convert|25|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|niodepression}}| Not specified || Sri Lanka || {{ntsh|0||$}} Unknown || None ||
|-
{{TC Areas affected (Bottom)|TC's=18 systems |dates=April 22 – December 31|winds={{convert|65|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on|sortable=on}}|pres={{convert|979|comma=off|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}|damage={{ntsh|1|75000|$}} $75,000 |deaths=293|Refs=}}

== See also ==
* [[Tropical cyclones in 1936]]
* [[1936 Atlantic hurricane season]]
* [[1936 Pacific hurricane season]]
* [[1936 Pacific typhoon season]]
* [[1930s Australian region cyclone seasons]]
* [[1900–1940 South Pacific cyclone seasons]]
* [[1900–1950 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Tropical cyclone season|1936}}
[[Category:North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 1936]]
[[Category:Meteorological events in 1936]]

Shaji N. Karun

2026-03-23T19:07:13Z

KaveriKumari2: minor edit

{{Short description|Indian film director and cinematographer (1952–2025)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shaji N. Karun
| image = File:Shri Shaji N. Karun, Director of the film ‘Kutty Shrank’, at the presentation of the film, during the 40th International Film Festival (IFFI-2009), at Panaji, Goa on November 27, 2009.jpg
| birth_name = Shaji Neelakantan Karunakaran
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1952|1|1}}
| birth_place = [[Kollam]], [[Travancore–Cochin]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2025|04|28|1952|01|01}}
| death_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Film director, cinematographer
| yearsactive = 1974–2025
| spouse = Anasuya Devaki Warrier
| domesticpartner =
| children = Anil Shaji<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://faculty.iisertvm.ac.in/shaji/IISER_Home/About_Me.html |title=Anil Shaji |website=faculty.iisertvm.ac.in |publisher=[[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram|IISER Thiruvananthapuram]] |location=Kerala, India |access-date=2020-03-13}}</ref> Appu Shaji<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=CrW7cykAAAAJ |title=Appu Shaji - Google Scholar Citations |website=scholar.google.com |access-date=2020-03-13 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202093154/http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CrW7cykAAAAJ&hl=en |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| father = N. Karunakaran
| mother = Chandramati
| website = {{URL|https://www.shajinkarun.com/}}
| awards = 1989, Special Mention, Caméra d'Or, Cannes Film Festival (Piravi), FIRST Charlie Chaplin Award 1989 (Piravi) on Sir Chaplin's 100th birth day, Eastman Kodak Award for Excellence (Cinematography), Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et Lettres from Govt of FRANCE, Padmashree by Govt of India 2011<ref name="padma">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=69364|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=13 October 2016}}</ref>
}}

'''Shaji Neelakantan Karunakaran''' (1 January 1952 – 28 April 2025), better known as '''Shaji N. Karun''', was
an Indian film director and cinematographer. His debut film ''[[Piravi]]'' (1988) won the [[Caméra d'Or]] – Mention d'honneur at the [[1989 Cannes Film Festival]]. He was the inaugural chairman of the [[Kerala State Chalachitra Academy]], the first academy for film and TV in India and was also the executive chairman of the [[International Film Festival of Kerala]] (IFFK) from 1998 to 2001. He is best known for his award-winning films ''Piravi'' (1988), ''[[Swaham]]'' (1994), ''[[Vanaprastham]]'' (1999) and ''[[Kutty Srank]]'' (2009). He won the [[National Film Award for Best Direction|National Award for Best Director]] for his debut film ''Piravi''. He also won two [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Director|Kerala State Film Awards for Best Director]] for his films ''Swaham'' and ''Vanaprastham''. He was the Chairman of [[Kerala State Film Development Corporation]] from 2019 to 2025 until his death.

== Early life and career ==
Shaji N. Karun was born on New Year's Day, 1952, as the eldest son of N. Karunakaran and Chandramati in present-day [[Kollam district]] in the former state of [[Travancore]] state (now [[Kerala]]), India. The family moved to [[Thiruvananthapuram]], the capital of the state, in 1963. He did his schooling in Palkulangara High School and took a bachelor's degree from [[University College, Thiruvananthapuram]]. In 1971 he entered the [[Film and Television Institute of India]], where he took his diploma in [[cinematography]]. His diploma film ''Genesis'' (1974), directed by Rahul Dasgupta, got many awards and started his career. He won the gold medal on graduation in 1974. After graduation, he worked in ISRO Ahmedabad, Mumbai TV, Madras Film Industry on contract basis until 1975 when [[Kerala State Film Development Corporation]] (KSFDC) was about to emerge. He became responsible with founder Chairman P R S Pillai, and its then Managing Director G.Vivekanandan for the planning, designing future visions of KSFDC to bring back the Film Industry that was until then rooted in Madras. His role with the participation in meaningful cinema activities through the contribution of KSFDC and well-known giants in Malayalam filmmakers resulted in many landmark achievements to the Malayalam Cinema nationally and internationally.

In 1998, he started and presided over the first film academy in India as [[Kerala State Chalachitra Academy]] under Government of Kerala and leadership of then Cultural Minister Marxist Late Shri T K Ramakrishnan. It was in the same year he started the International Film Festival (IFFK) as competitive that further [[FIAPF]] recognized the festival as internationally competitive under his tenure. He has presented three films: Piravi, Swaham, Vanaprastham consecutively to Cannes official sections, a rare achievement for any filmmakers worldwide, where the film Swaham was in the competition of Cannes in 1994. Thereafter, after 30 years, in 2024, the film by Ms Payal Kapadia from INDIA was selected to compete for Cannes's Palme d'Or. He was the only Malayalam filmmaker who achieved three national best films (Piravi, Vanaprastham, Kuttysrank) for the Malayalam language. He was conferred the J.C. Daniel Award 2023 for his lifetime achievement in a film career, the most prestigious award in cinema from the Government of Kerala.

== Film direction ==
[[File:Malayalam-directore-padmashri-shaji-n-karun-presenting-a-lecture-at-saarang-2011-iit-madras.jpg|right|200px|Shaji N. Karun giving a lecture at Saarang 2011, IIT Madras]]
Shaji made his directorial debut with the [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Piravi]]'' ("The Birth", 1988), which won him the prestigious ''[[Caméra d'Or]] – Mention d'honneur'' at the [[1989 Cannes Film Festival]]. While ''Piravi'' was about the grief of a father who loses his son, Shaji's second film, ''[[Swaham]]'' (1994) continued with the theme of grief. ''Swaham'' was selected to compete at the [[1994 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name="cannes-1994.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/2980/year/1994.html |title=Festival de Cannes: Swaham |access-date=30 August 2009|work=festival-cannes.com}}</ref> ''[[Vaanaprastham|Vanaprastham]]'' ("The Final Dance", 1999) dealt with the identity crisis faced by an actor. [[Mohanlal]] played the lead role in this film. He directed the film ''Nishad'', made in Hindi, which was completed in May 2002, and premiered in the Fukuoka International Film Festival held in September 2002 in Japan. His latest film is titled [[Kutty Shranku|Kutty Srank]] with [[Mammootty]] playing the lead role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nowrunning.com/news/news.aspx?it=16033|title=Indian Entertainment News, Movie News, Movie Features – Bollywood – Tamil – Telugu – Malayalam – Kannada Movies|access-date=13 October 2016|archive-date=7 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807231206/http://www.nowrunning.com/news/news.aspx?it=16033|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film was released theatrically in Kerala in July 2010. [[Swapaanam]] with Jayaram and Kadambari has premiered at Dubai International Film Festival on 8 December 2013, a rare recognition for Malayalam Cinema as the World premiere screening outside India. ''[[Olu (film)|Olu]]'', his latest film, under 'fantasy perception' and narrative, had chosen the inaugural film of Indian Panorama film selections presented in [[International Film Festival of India]] Goa-2018. OLU has also been chosen as the "OPENING FILMS" of TWO major International film festivals- International film festival of INNSBRUCK 2019, AUSTRIA, ISOLA Cinema International film festival 2019, SLOVENIA. ''Olu'' also won the [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]] (2018) award in the [[66th National Film Awards]].

He also made around a dozen short films and documentaries. Besides making films, Shaji Karun has been active as a juror at many international film festivals and an active participant in governmental and academic arenas. He was the inaugural Chairman of the [[Kerala State Chalachitra Academy]], the first academy for film and TV in India and was also the Executive Chairman of [[International Film Festival of Kerala]] from 1998 to 2001.

== Further projects ==
As of January 2018, Shaji was completing the post-production of a new movie titled ''Olu'' with Shane Nigam and Esther Anil playing the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/AVAproductions/photos/a.413851068682571.93567.276433902424289/1538253452908988/?type=3&theater |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/276433902424289/1538253452908988 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |url-access=limited|title=AVA Productions|website=facebook.com|access-date=1 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2018}} In an interview not long before his death, Shaji revealed that ''[[Olu (film)|Olu]]'' is the tale of a girl who gets gang-raped and sank to the bottom of the backwaters where she can mysteriously survive and live for the next nine months – until she delivers her 'baby from rape'. The film attempts to convey her perception of innocent feminine desires – spiritual and transcendental feelings."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.picklemag.com/new/news/will-olu-be-indias-best-chance-to-make-its-comeback-in-the-2018-cannes-festival-official-competition-/354/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102132254/https://www.picklemag.com/new/news/will-olu-be-indias-best-chance-to-make-its-comeback-in-the-2018-cannes-festival-official-competition-/354/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 January 2018|title=Pickle|website=picklemag.com|access-date=1 January 2018}}</ref>

His project Gaadha was announced in September 2012, though was expected to commence shooting by November 2014, it has been postponed until further notice. Music was to be composed by the Polish composer [[Zbigniew Preisner]].

In May 2022 Shaji N. Karun announced his next project based on the life of Amrita Sher-Gil, pioneer of Indian modern art. In an interview with Jisha Surya of News9Live the cinematographer-director said that the multilingual movie would be based on the biographical writings of Sher-Gil. Conceived as an Indo-French-US collaborative project, the movie would have international actors and technicians. Karun approached a Mexican actor to play the lead role of the Hungarian-Indian painter.

== Personal life and death ==
Shaji married Anasuya Warrier, daughter of [[P. K. R. Warrier]], who was his neighbor in [[Trivandrum]] for quite some time, on 1 January 1975. After a brief stint in the south Indian city of [[Madras]], he returned to [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in 1976 where he got an appointment as film officer in the newly formed state Film Development Corporation. They have 2 sons, Anil and Appu. His association with the legendary Malayalam filmmaker [[G. Aravindan]] began at this time. Then he continued working with notable directors like [[G. Aravindan]], [[K. G. George]] and [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]] as a cinematographer.<ref name="thampu">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0078381/|title=Thampu|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref><ref name="panchavadipalam">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0215029/|title=Panchavadi Palam|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> His career also spread to many activities by the Government of India and Kerala where he served in the capacities of advisory status on policy decisions. The 20th International film festival of Kerala conducted by the government of Kerala, on 4–11 December 2015 under his advisory capacity was marked by the Press and film lovers as the best of the festivals held so far. In August 2018, he was selected for the position of 8th President of Purogamana Kala Sahitya Sangham (Progressive Arts & Literary Organization) an Association for Art and Letters. On 31 May 2019, the government of Kerala appointed him as the Chairman of Kerala State Film Development Corporation. He assumed the position on 17 June 2019 and held it until his death in April 2025.

Karun died at his home in Thiruvananthapuram on 28 April 2025, at the age of 73.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaji N Karun: A filmmaker's hat-trick tryst with Cannes |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/04/28/shaji-n-karun-filmmaker-hat-trick-tryst-with-cannes-film-festival.html |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=Shaji N Karun: A filmmaker's hat-trick tryst with Cannes |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards and milestones ==

===National and international honors===
* J. C. Daniel Award for Lifetime Achievement from the Government of Kerala 2024
* Life Time Achievement Aawrd- 10th International Youth Film Festival Colombo by Government of Sri Lanka-2024
* Life Time Achievement Award- 12th Jaipur International Film Festival INDIA-2020
* Life Time Achievement- Tyrol : IFFI Prize (2014) Innsbruck Film Festival, AUSTRIA
* [[Padma Shri]] in 2011 INDIA<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | year=2015 | access-date=21 July 2015 | archive-date=19 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] (1999) FRANCE
* The first Sir Charles Chaplin Award to commemorate the centenary of Chaplin's birth (1989) Edinburgh International Film Festival, UK

===As a cinematographer===
* Eastman Kodak Award for Excellence, [[Hawaii International Film Festival]] (1989)
* [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]]: ''[[Thampu]]'' (''Circus Tent'') (1979)
* Awards from the Government of Kerala: ''[[Kanchana Sita]]'' (1977), ''[[Esthappan]]'' (1981), ''Onnu Muthal Poojyam Vare'' (1986)

===As a director===
* [[1994 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes Film Festival]], nominated for [[Palme d'Or]] (Best Film): ''[[Swaham]]'' (1994)<ref name="cannes-1994.com" />
* [[1989 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes Film Festival]], [[Caméra d'Or]] (Special Mention): ''[[Piravi]]'' (1989)<ref name="cannes-1989.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/275/year/1989.html |title=Festival de Cannes: Piravi |access-date=2 August 2009|work=festival-cannes.com}}</ref>
* [[London Film Festival]], Outstanding Film: ''[[Piravi]]'' (1989)
* [[Locarno International Film Festival]], Grand Jury Prize (Silver Leopard): ''[[Piravi]]'' (1989)
* [[Hawaii International Film Festival ]], Best film ''[[Piravi]]'' (1989)
* [[Chicago International Film Festival ]], USA, Silver Hugo
* [[Fajr Film Festival]]. Iran Crystal Simorgh
* [[Bergamo Film Meeting ]], Italy Rosa Camuna 1990
* [[International Film Festival Innsbruck iffi.at]], Austria Best Film 1995
* [[Bergamo Film Meeting ]], Italy Bronze Rosa Camuna 1995
* [[1999 Cannes Film Festival]]: ''[[Vanaprastham]]'' was screened in the ''[[Un Certain Regard]]'' section of the festival (1999)<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/5384/year/1999.html |title=Festival de Cannes: Vanaprastham |access-date=26 December 2010|work=festival-cannes.com}}</ref>
* [[Mumbai International Film Festival ]], FEPRISCI Prize, 1999
* [[International Istanbul Film Festival]], Grand Jury Prize: ''[[Vanaprastham]]'' (2000)

'''[[National Film Awards]]:'''

* 2009 – [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Film]] – ''[[Kutty Srank]]''
* 1999 – [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Film]] – ''[[Vanaprastham]]''
* 1997 – [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film|Best Non-Feature Film]] – ''Sham's Vision'' (English)
* 1994 – [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film)|Special Jury Award]] – ''[[Swaham]]''
* 1988 – [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Film]] – (Producer) ''[[Piravi]]''
* 1988 – [[National Film Award for Best Direction|Best Director]] – ''[[Piravi]]''
* 1979 – [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematographer (Black & White)]] – ''[[Thampu]]''

'''[[Kerala State Film Award]]s:'''

* 1999 – [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]] – ''[[Vanaprastham]]''
* 1994 – [[Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]] – ''[[Swaham]]''
* 1994 – [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]] – ''[[Swaham]]''
* 1988 – [[Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]] – ''[[Piravi]]''
* 1986 – [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Photography|Best Cinematographer]] – ''[[Onnu Muthal Poojyam Vare]]''
* 1979 – [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Photography|Best Cinematographer]] – ''[[Esthappan]]''
* 1977 – [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Photography|Best Cinematographer]] – ''[[Kanchana Sita]]''

'''[[Filmfare Awards South]]s:'''

* 1989: [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Malayalam]] – ''[[Piravi]]''

==Filmography as director==
*''[[Piravi]]'' (1988)
*''[[Swaham]]'' (1994)
*''[[Vanaprastham]]'' (1999)
*''[[Nishad (filma)|Nishad]]'' (2002)
*''[[A.K.G]]'' (2007)
*''[[Kutty Shranku]]'' (2010)
*''[[Swapaanam]]'' (2014)
*''[[Oolu]]'' (2018)

===Documentaries===
* ''[[Pranan]]'' (World Premiere at [[IDSFFK]] 2025)

===Short films===
* ''Wild Life of Kerala'' (1979)
* ''Kerala Carnival'' (1980)
* ''Kannikal'' (1986)
* ''Sham's Vision'' (1996)
* ''Bhavam'' (1998)
* ''G. Aravindan'' (2000)
* ''Big Man & Small World'' (2002)
* ''Yathrakkidayil'' (2004)
* ''Moving Focus-A Voyage with K G Subramanyan'' (2006)
* ''AKG'' (2007)
* "Fine Balance" (2010)
* "Waiting" (2011)
* ''Signature film- INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL OF INDIA'' (2012)
* "Artist Namboodiri-'NERUVARA'/'trueline' " (2015)

==As a cinematographer==
* ''Genesis'' (1974)
* ''[[Lakshmi Vijayam (1976 film)|Lakshmi Vijayam]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Njavalppazhangal]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Muhoorthangal]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Thampu]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Kanchana Sita]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Kummatty]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Esthappan]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Pokkuveyil]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Enikku Vishakunnu]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Koodevide]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Manju (film)|Manju]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Lekhayude Maranam Oru Flashback]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Mangalam Nerunnu]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Panchavadi Palam]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Chidambaram (film)|Chidambaram]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Meenamasathile Sooryan]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Principal Olivil]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Nakhakshathangal]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Arappatta Kettiya Gramathil]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Ek Chadar Maili Si]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Neram Pularumbol]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Meenamasathile Sooryan]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Onnu Muthal Poojyam Vare]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Panchagni]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Oridathu]]'' (1987)
* ''Marattam'' (1988)
* ''[[Unni (1989 film)|Unni]]'' (1989)
* ''Antim Nyay'' (1993)
* ''[[Sargam (1992 film)|Sargam]]'' (1992)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Shaji N. Karun}}
[https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/allegations-of-harassment-misogyny-pile-up-against-ksfdc-chairman-shaji-n-karun]
* {{IMDb name|id=0440267|name=Shaji N. Karun}}
* Harassment of women filmmakers and female colleagues https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/allegations-of-harassment-misogyny-pile-up-against-ksfdc-chairman-shaji-n-karun
* [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/shaji-n-karun-is-pukasa-president/article24672501.ece Shaji N. Karun is Pukasa president]
* https://www.news9live.com/art-culture/cinema/news9-exclusive-filmmaker-shaji-n-karun-announces-biopic-on-amrita-sher-gil-170310?infinitescroll=1

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Shaji N. Karun}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestDirection}}
{{National Film Award Best Cinematography}}
{{National Film Award Special Jury Award Feature Film}}
{{Kerala State Film Award for Best Director}}
{{Kerala State Film Award Best Cinematography}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karun, Shaji N.}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Film and Television Institute of India alumni]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Film directors from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Malayalam film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]]
[[Category:Best Director National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Best Cinematography National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Artists from Kollam]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Malayalam film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Special Jury Award (feature film) National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Feature Film National Film Award]]

Ministry of State Excise (Maharashtra)

2026-03-07T18:07:19Z

KaveriKumari2: Created New Info

{{Short description|Maharashtra government ministry responsible for State Excise}}
{{Infobox government agency
| native_name_a = '''मंत्रालय राज्य उत्पादन शुल्क विभाग, महाराष्ट्र शासन'''
| type = ministry
| name = Ministry of State Excise [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| native_name =
| seal = File:Seal of Maharashtra.svg
| seal_width = 200
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of Maharashtra|Seal of the state of Maharashtra]]
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| picture = Mantralay of Mumbai, Administrative Headquarters 03.jpg
| picture_caption = Building of Administrative Headquarters of Mumbai
| picture_width =
| jurisdiction = {{flagicon|India}} [[Maharashtra]]
| headquarters = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai|Mantralay]], [[Mumbai]]
| minister1_name = '''[[Sunetra Pawar|Sunetra Ajit Pawar]]'''
| minister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Deputy Chief Minister and Minister for State Excise]]
| deputyminister1_name = '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| deputyminister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Minister of State]]
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website =
| formed =
| employees =
| budget =
| chief1_name = ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| chief1_position =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| parent_department = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
}}

The '''Ministry of State Excise''' is a ministry of the [[Government of Maharashtra]]. It is responsible for preparing annual plans for the development of [[Maharashtra]] state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Objectives of State Excise Department, Government of Maharashtra|url=https://state/|url-status=dead|access-date=2023-09-28|archive-date=2013-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730201958/http://state/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Directorate of Economics and Statistics|url=https://mahades.maharashtra.gov.in/home.do?lang=|website=State Excise Department, Government of Maharashtra, India}}</ref>

The Ministry is headed by a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet level]] Minister. '''[[Sunetra Pawar|Sunetra Ajit Pawar]]''' Deputy Chief Minister and Minister for State Excise.

==Head office==
{{Infobox political post
| insignia = Seal of Maharashtra (1).svg
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of India]]
| department = Ministry of State Excise (Maharashtra)
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| post = {{big|Minister of State Excise}} '''राज्य उत्पादन शुल्क मंत्री '''
|image=
| incumbent = [[Sunetra Pawar|Sunetra Ajit Pawar]] (Deputy Chief Minister)
| incumbentsince = 31 January 2026
| member_of = State Cabinet
| reports_to = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]], 
[[Maharashtra Legislature]]
| seat = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai]]
| appointer = [[Governor of Maharashtra|Governor]] on the advice of the [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| termlength = 5 years
| inaugural = '''T. R. Narawane''' 
(1960-1962)
| precursor = '''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' 
(2026-2026)
| deputy =
* '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| formation = 1 May 1960
| body =
| salary = [[Indian rupee|₹]] - approximately
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagborder = yes
| website =
| abbreviation = Cabinet Minister
}}

==Cabinet Ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State Excise
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''T. R. Narawane''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kurla Assembly constituency|Kurla Constituency No. 174]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 May}} 1960
|{{small|07 March}} 1962
!{{ayd|1960|05|01|1962|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)|'''Yashwantrao I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Balasaheb Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan Constituency No. 261]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 March}} 1962
|{{small|19 November}} 1962
!{{ayd|1962|03|08|1962|11|19}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Yashwantrao Chavan ministry|'''Yashwantrao II''']]
|-
|03
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Abdul Kader Salebhoy]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Mumbai South Central Constituency No. 180]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|20 November}} 1962
|{{small|24 November}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|20|1963|11|24}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Kannamwar ministry|'''Kannamwar l''']]
|[[Marotrao Kannamwar]]
|-
|04
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Interim Chief Minister)
|{{small|25 November}} 1962
|{{small|04 December}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|25|1962|12|04}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[P. K. Sawant ministry|'''Sawant I''']]
|[[P. K. Sawant]]
|-
|05
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''D. S. Palaspagar''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Bhandara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|05 December}} 1963
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
!{{ayd|1963|12|05|1967|03|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao I''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]] [[Vasantrao Naik]]
|-
|06
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Shantilal Shah]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Vile Parle Assembly constituency|Vile Parle Constituency No. 177]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
!{{ayd|1967|03|01|1972|03|13}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao II''']]
|-
|07
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:The President of India, Smt. Pratibha Patil.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Pratibha Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Jalgaon City Assembly constituency|Jalgaon City Constituency No. 13]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
!{{ayd|1972|03|13|1975|02|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao III''']]
|-
|08
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantdada Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 20 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
|{{small|17 May}} 1977
!{{ayd|1975|02|21|1977|05|17}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao I''']]
|[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|09
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Shankarrao Rakh''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Badnapur Jalna Constituency No. 101]]- [[Jalna District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 May}} 1977
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
!{{ayd|1977|05|17|1979|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#88CEEB"|[[First Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|10
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantdada Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sangli Assembly constituency|Sangli Constituency No. 282]]- [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
!{{ayd|1978|03|07|1978|07|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress (U)]]
| bgcolor="#A3A3FF"|[[Second Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada II''']]
|-
|11
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Sadanand Varde|Sadanand Shankar Varde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Vandre Assembly constituency|Vandre Constituency No. 176]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
|{{small|17 February}} 1980
!{{ayd|1978|07|18|1980|02|17}}
|[[Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#66FF66"| [[First Pawar ministry|'''Pawar I''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Union Minister for Agriculture and Food Processing Industries, Shri Sharad Pawar addressing at the launch of the Sahana Group’s New Marathi Channel “Jai Maharashtra”, in Mumbai on April 27, 2013 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|12
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shrivardhan Assembly constituency|Shrivardhan Constituency No. 193]]- [[Raigad District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|09 June}} 1980
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
!{{ayd|1980|06|09|1982|01|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Antulay ministry|'''Antulay''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]
|-
|13
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]]
|'''[[Babasaheb Bhosale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nehrunagar Assembly constituency|Nehrunagar Constituency No. 172]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
|{{small|11 October}} 1982
!{{ayd|1982|01|21|1982|10|11}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Bhosale ministry|'''Bhosale''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]] [[Babasaheb Bhosale]]
|-
|14
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:The President of India, Smt. Pratibha Patil.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Pratibha Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Jalgaon City Assembly constituency|Jalgaon City Constituency No. 13]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 October}} 1982
|{{small|02 February}} 1983
!{{ayd|1982|10|11|1983|02|02}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|15
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Baliram Waman Hiray''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malegaon Outer Assembly constituency|Dabhadi Constituency No. 74]]- [[Nashik District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 February}} 1983
|{{small|05 March}} 1985
!{{ayd|1983|02|07|1985|03|05}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|16
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[V. Subramanian]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|South Mumbai Constituency No. 121]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March 1985}} 1960
|{{small|03 June 1985}} 1962
!{{ayd|1985|03|12|1985|06|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada IV''']]
|-
|17
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Jawaharlal Darda 2022 stamp of India cr.jpg|75px]] 
|'''[[Jawaharlal Darda]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
!{{ayd|1985|06|03|1986|03|12}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Nilangekar ministry|'''Nilangekar''']]
|[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]
|-
|18
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Shankarrao Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 08 - [[Nanded District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
!{{ayd|1986|03|12|1988|06|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao II''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|19
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Chhedilal Gupta''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Gondiya Constituency No. 134]]- [[Gondiya District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
!{{ayd|1988|06|26|1990|03|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Pawar ministry|'''Pawar II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|20
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Shankarrao Genuji Kolhe''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopargaon Assembly constituency|Kopargaon Constituency No. 219]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|04 March }} 1990
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
!{{ayd|1990|03|04|1991|06|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Pawar ministry|'''Pawar III''']]
|-

|21
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vijaysinh Mohite Patil 2014-05-19 00-16.jpg|75px]] 
|'''[[Vijaysinh Mohite-Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malshiras Assembly constituency|Malshiras Constituency No. 254]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
|{{small|30 December}} 1991
!{{ayd|1991|06|25|1991|12|30}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sudhakarrao Naik ministry|'''Sudhakarrao''']]
|rowspan="2" | [[Sudhakarrao Naik]]
|-
|22
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Shankarrao Genuji Kolhe''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopargaon Assembly constituency|Kopargaon Constituency No. 219]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 1991
|{{small|22 February}} 1993
!{{ayd|1991|12|30|1993|02|22}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-

|23
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Sharad Pawar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Baramati Assembly constituency|Baramati Constituency No. 201]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|06 March}} 1993
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
!{{ayd|1993|03|06|1995|03|14}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Pawar ministry|'''Pawar IV''']]
|[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-

|24
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Jagannath Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Kalyan Constituency No. 145]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
|{{small|31 January}} 1999
!{{ayd|1995|03|14|1999|01|31}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Manohar Joshi ministry|'''Joshi''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[File:Manohar Joshi cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
|-
|25
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Narayan Rane]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kudal Assembly constituency|Malvan Constituency No. 269]]- [[Sindhudurg District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|02|01|1999|05|11}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Narayan Rane ministry|'''Rane''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Narayan Rane]]
|-
|26
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Anna Dange]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 05 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 May }} 1999
|{{small|17 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|05|11|1999|10|17}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|27
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Vasant Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Governor Nominated Constituency No. 11 - [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|19 October}} 1999
|{{small|16 January}} 2003
!{{ayd|1999|10|19|2003|01|15}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh I''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|28
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Solapur South Assembly constituency|Solapur South Constituency No. 251]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|18 January}} 2003
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2003|01|11|2004|11|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sushilkumar Shinde ministry|'''Sushilkumar''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|-
|29
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Ganesh Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Belapur Assembly constituency|Belapur Constituency No. 151]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
|{{small|01 December}} 2007
!{{ayd|2004|11|09|2008|12|01}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh II''']]
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|30
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Ganesh Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Belapur Assembly constituency|Belapur Constituency No. 151]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 December}} 2008
|{{small|06 November}} 2009
!{{ayd|2008|12|08|2009|11|06}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok I''']]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ashok Chavan With Coat.jpeg|80px]] [[Ashok Chavan]]
|-
|31
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Ganesh Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Belapur Assembly constituency|Belapur Constituency No. 151]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 November}} 2009
|{{small|10 November}} 201p
!{{ayd|2009|11|07|2010|11|10}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok II''']]
|-
|32
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Prithviraj Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|11 November}} 2010
|{{small|20 January}} 2012
!{{ayd|2010|11|11|2012|01|20}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Prithviraj Chavan ministry|'''Prithviraj''']]
|rowspan="3"| [[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|80px]] [[Prithviraj Chavan]]
|-
|33
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Ganesh Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Belapur Assembly constituency|Belapur Constituency No. 151]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|20 January}} 2012
|{{small|02 August}} 2014
!{{ayd|2012|01|20|2014|08|02}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|34
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Prithviraj Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|02 August}} 2014
|{{small|26 September}} 2014
!{{ayd|2014|08|02|2014|09|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|35
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Eknath Khadse]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Muktainagar Assembly constituency|Muktainagar Constituency No. 20]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|31 October}} 2014
|{{small|04 June}} 2016
!{{ayd|2014|10|31|2016|06|04}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[First Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis I''']]
|rowspan="4" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|36
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) ''(In Charge)''
|{{small|04 June}} 2016
|{{small|08 July}} 2016
!{{ayd|2016|06|08|2016|07|08}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-

|37
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Chandrashekhar Bawankule]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kamthi Assembly constituency|Kamthi Constituency No. 58]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 July}} 2016
|{{small|12 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2016|07|08|2019|11|12}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|38
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) ''(In Charge)''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|-
|39
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:Chagan Bhujbal.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Chhagan Bhujbal]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Yevla Assembly constituency|Yevla Constituency No. 119]]- [[Nashik District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|28|2019|12|30}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
|40
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
| [[File:Dilip Walse Patil.png|80px]]
|'''[[Dilip Walse-Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Ambegaon Assembly constituency|Ambegaon Constituency No. 196]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|05 April}} 2021
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2021|04|05}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|41
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
| [[File:Ajit Pawar.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Ajit Pawar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Baramati Assembly constituency|Baramati Constituency No. 201]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|05 April}} 2021
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2021|04|05|2022|06|29}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|42
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present) }}"|
| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) ''(In Charge)''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2022|08|14}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
|43
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
|
|'''[[Shambhuraj Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan Constituency No. 261]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|08|14|2024|11|26}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|-
|44
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|05 December}} 2024
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
!{{ayd|2024|12|05|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
|rowspan="4" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|45
|bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
| [[File:Ajit Pawar.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ajit Pawar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Baramati Assembly constituency|Baramati Constituency No. 201]]- [[Pune District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|{{small|28 January}} 2026
!{{ayd|2024|12|21|2026|01|28}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]] (Ajit Pawar Group)
|-
|46
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) Additional Charge
|{{small|28 January}} 2026
|{{small|31 January}} 2026
!{{ayd|2026|01|28|2026|01|31}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|47
|bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Sunetra Pawar|Sunetra Ajit Pawar]]''' {{small|(Not Elected Any Constituency of Maharashtra Legislature- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] / [[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|31 January}} 2026
|Incumbent
!{{ayd|2026|01|31}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]] (Ajit Pawar Group)
|-
|}

==Ministers of State ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Deputy Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Minister
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="11"| Deputy Minister of State Excise
|-
!colspan="04"| ''''' Vacant'''''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Shambhuraj Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan Constituency No. 261]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|27 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|27}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
| rowspan="2"|
*[[Dilip Walse-Patil]] (2019 - 2021)
*[[Ajit Pawar]] (2021 - 2022)
|rowspan="2" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Satejpatil.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Satej Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by Kolhapur Local Authorities Constituency No. 06 - [[Kolhapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} ''Additional_Charge''
|{{small|27 June}} 2022
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|27|2022|06|29}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''Vacant'''''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2024|11|26}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|
*[[Eknath Shinde]] (2022 - 2022)
*[[Shambhuraj Desai]] (2022–Present)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
!colspan="04"| ''''' Vacant'''''
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
| rowspan="1"|
*[[Ajit Pawar]] (2024 – 2026)
*[[Devendra Fadnavis]] Additional Charge (2026 – 2026)
*[[Sunetra Pawar]] (2026 – Present)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|}

==List Minister of Prohibition (1960 - 1995)==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of Prohibition
|-
!colspan="10"| Starting Date 1 May 1960
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''T. R. Narawane''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kurla Assembly constituency|Kurla Constituency No. 174]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 May}} 1960
|{{small|07 March}} 1962
!{{ayd|1960|05|01|1962|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)|'''Yashwantrao I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Abdul Kader Salebhoy]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Mumbai South Central Constituency No. 180]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 March}} 1962
|{{small|19 November}} 1962
!{{ayd|1962|03|08|1962|11|19}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Yashwantrao Chavan ministry|'''Yashwantrao II''']]
|-
|03
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Abdul Kader Salebhoy]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Mumbai South Central Constituency No. 180]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|20 November}} 1962
|{{small|24 November}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|20|1963|11|24}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Kannamwar ministry|'''Kannamwar l''']]
|[[Marotrao Kannamwar]]
|-
|04
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Interim Chief Minister)
|{{small|25 November}} 1962
|{{small|04 December}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|25|1962|12|04}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[P. K. Sawant ministry|'''Sawant I''']]
|[[P. K. Sawant]]
|-
|05
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''D. S. Palaspagar''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Bhandara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|05 December}} 1963
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
!{{ayd|1963|12|05|1967|03|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao I''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]] [[Vasantrao Naik]]
|-
|06
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Shantilal Shah]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Vile Parle Assembly constituency|Vile Parle Constituency No. 177]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
!{{ayd|1967|03|01|1972|03|13}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao II''']]
|-
|07
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Rafique Zakaria]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 16 - [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
!{{ayd|1972|03|13|1975|02|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao III''']]
|-
|08
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantdada Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 20 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
|{{small|17 May}} 1977
!{{ayd|1975|02|21|1977|05|17}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao I''']]
|[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|09
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Shankarrao Rakh''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Badnapur Jalna Constituency No. 101]]- [[Jalna District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 May}} 1977
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
!{{ayd|1977|05|17|1979|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#88CEEB"|[[First Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|10
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Baburao Kale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Ghansavangi Jalna Constituency No. 190]]- [[Jalna District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
!{{ayd|1978|03|07|1978|07|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress (U)]]
| bgcolor="#A3A3FF"|[[Second Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada II''']]
|-
|11
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Sadanand Varde|Sadanand Shankar Varde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Vandre Assembly constituency|Vandre Constituency No. 176]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
|{{small|17 February}} 1980
!{{ayd|1978|07|18|1980|02|17}}
|[[Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#66FF66"| [[First Pawar ministry|'''Pawar I''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Union Minister for Agriculture and Food Processing Industries, Shri Sharad Pawar addressing at the launch of the Sahana Group’s New Marathi Channel “Jai Maharashtra”, in Mumbai on April 27, 2013 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|12
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Baliram Waman Hiray''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malegaon Outer Assembly constituency|Dabhadi Constituency No. 74]]- [[Nashik District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 June}} 1980
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
!{{ayd|1980|06|09|1982|01|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Antulay ministry|'''Antulay''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]
|-
|13
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]]
|'''[[Babasaheb Bhosale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nehrunagar Assembly constituency|Nehrunagar Constituency No. 172]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
|{{small|11 October}} 1982
!{{ayd|1982|01|21|1982|10|11}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Bhosale ministry|'''Bhosale''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]] [[Babasaheb Bhosale]]
|-
|14
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:The President of India, Smt. Pratibha Patil.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Pratibha Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Jalgaon City Assembly constituency|Jalgaon City Constituency No. 13]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 October}} 1982
|{{small|02 February}} 1983
!{{ayd|1982|10|11|1983|02|02}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|15
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Baliram Waman Hiray''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malegaon Outer Assembly constituency|Dabhadi Constituency No. 74]]- [[Nashik District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 February}} 1983
|{{small|05 March}} 1985
!{{ayd|1983|02|07|1985|03|05}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|16
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[V. Subramanian]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|South Mumbai Constituency No. 121]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March 1985}} 1960
|{{small|03 June 1985}} 1962
!{{ayd|1985|03|12|1985|06|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada IV''']]
|-
|17
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Jawaharlal Darda 2022 stamp of India cr.jpg|75px]] 
|'''[[Jawaharlal Darda]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
!{{ayd|1985|06|03|1986|03|12}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Nilangekar ministry|'''Nilangekar''']]
|[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]
|-
|18
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Balachandra Sawant''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 09 - [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
!{{ayd|1986|03|12|1988|06|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao II''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|19
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Chhedilal Gupta''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Gondiya Constituency No. 134]]- [[Gondiya District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
!{{ayd|1988|06|26|1990|03|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Pawar ministry|'''Pawar II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|20
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Shankarrao Genuji Kolhe''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopargaon Assembly constituency|Kopargaon Constituency No. 219]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|04 March }} 1990
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
!{{ayd|1990|03|04|1991|06|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Pawar ministry|'''Pawar III''']]
|-

|21
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}"|
|[[File:The Minister of State for Social Justice & Empowerment, Shri Ramdas Athawale addressing a press conference on contemporary issues in Mumbai, at Mumbai on September 22, 2016.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Ramdas Athawale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 11 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
|{{small|22 February}} 1993
!{{ayd|1991|06|25|1993|02|22}}
|[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sudhakarrao Naik ministry|'''Sudhakarrao''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[Sudhakarrao Naik]]
|-

|22
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}"|
|[[File:The Minister of State for Social Justice & Empowerment, Shri Ramdas Athawale addressing a press conference on contemporary issues in Mumbai, at Mumbai on September 22, 2016.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Ramdas Athawale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 11 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|06 March}} 1993
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
!{{ayd|1993|03|06|1995|03|14}}
|[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Pawar ministry|'''Pawar IV''']]
|[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
!colspan="10"| Dissolved and Ending Date 14 March 1995
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{State agencies of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Government of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Government ministries of Maharashtra]]

Reynolds International Pen Company

2026-03-07T12:04:30Z

KaveriKumari2: made new entry

{{Short description|Manufacturing company of writing instruments}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Reynolds Pens India Pvt. Ltd.
| logo = Reynolds pens logo.png
| logo_size = 200
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| industry = [[Writing instrument]]s
| fate = Acquired by Newell Brands, became a [[brand]]
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| founder = [[Milton Reynolds]]
| founded = {{start date and age|1945}} in [[New York City]]
| hq_location_city = [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]]
| hq_location_country = [[India]]
| area_served = 
| key_people =
| products = [[Ballpoint pen|ballpoint]], [[gel pen|gel]], [[rollerball pen|rollerball]], and [[fountain pen|fountain]] pens, [[mechanical pencil]]s
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = 
| owner =
| parent = [[Newell Brands]]
| subsid = Reynolds Pens India <ref name=zauba>[https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/REYNOLDS-PENS-INDIA-PRIVATE-LIMITED/U36991TN1998PTC040913 Reynolds Pens India Private Ltd] on ZaubaCorp</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://www.reynolds-pens.com/| reynolds-pens.com}}
}}

'''Reynolds Pens India Pvt. Ltd.''' is an [[India]]n manufacturing company of [[writing instrument]]s, mainly [[pen]]s, currently headquartered in [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]]. The company was established in 1945 by [[Milton Reynolds]] in [[New York City]].

Products commercialized under the Reynolds name include [[ballpoint pen|ballpoint]], [[gel pen|gel]], [[rollerball pen|rollerball]], and [[fountain pen|fountain]] pens, and [[mechanical pencil]]s.

== History ==
In June 1945, Chicago businessman [[Milton Reynolds]] was in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]], when he came across the first commercialized ballpoint, the [[László Bíró|Biro pen]].<ref name="ThoughtCo">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/ballpoint-pens-laszlo-biro-4078959|title=How Inventor Laszlo Biro Started the Ballpoint Pens Revolution|work=ThoughtCo|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref>

In October 1945, Milton was able to reverse engineer the Biro pen and was the first to manufacture and sell ballpoint pens into the US market. "Reynolds Rocket" pen was introduced at Gimbel’s department store in [[New York City]], selling $100,000 worth of pens on the first day.<ref name="ThoughtCo"/> Demand in 1945 was running 30,000 pens per day, making it America's #1 ballpoint pen.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/64958/origin-story-ballpoint-pen|title=The Origin Story of the Ballpoint Pen|date=2015-06-10|access-date=2018-04-02|language=en}}</ref> However, within three years the price of the pen went from $12.50 to 50¢.

The Reynolds Rocket Pen had a tiny ball bearing that let ink out only when pressed against the item you were writing on.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://time.com/4083274/ballpoint-pen/|title=Why the Invention of the Ballpoint Pen Was Such a Big Deal|website=Time|language=en|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> In advertisements Reynolds claimed it had enough ink to last 15 years without refilling.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bittner.com/blog/category/pens/|title=Pens Archives - Bittner Press|website=Bittner Press|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref>

In 1947, in a publicity stunt to promote Reynolds' pens Milton Reynolds and William Odom announced they would beat Howard Hughes's [[Howard_Hughes#Round-the-world_flight|round-the-world flight speed record]]. They set a new record time of under 79 hours by flying the "Reynolds Bombshell" around the world while managing to pass out thousands of pens.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/25/archives/saw-pens-potential-hailed-by-truman.html|title=Saw Pen's Potential|last=Saxon|first=Wolfgang|date=1976|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-04-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
[[File:REYNOLDS 040 pens.jpg|thumb|Reynolds 040 Bold ball pens in blue, red and green]]

[[File:Reynolds pen.jpg|thumb|200px|A Reynolds Racer Gel-II gel pen]]
In 1948, Reynolds expanded overseas and opened Reynolds European, and later in 1959 spun out Reynolds European SA as an independent company focused on non-ferrous metals.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://reynolds-european.fr/EN/?page_id=22|title=History - Reynolds European|work=Reynolds European|access-date=2018-04-02|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

The Chicago-based Reynolds Pen Company closed with Milton Reynolds moving to Mexico. The French subsidiary survived as did their [[India]]n licensee.<ref name=zauba/> Later, the French subsidiary would be purchased.

In 2000, Newell Rubbermaid acquired Reynolds Pens France and in 2007, announced they would be closing the French manufacturing plants, causing huge labor union protests.<ref>{{Citation|last=reynoldsfrance|title=REYNOLDS writing instruments France. Delocalization|date=2007-01-27|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fq_9PYe-wQ|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref>

In May 2016, Reynolds' licensee—GM Pens International—in India decided to end their exclusive contract and stopped making Reynold branded pens, instead choosing to make their own [[Rorito]] brand pen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/business-of-brands/reynolds-pens-indian-licensee-to-go-solo-with-launch-of-rorito-brand/52182932|title=Reynolds Pens' Indian licensee to go solo with launch of Rorito brand - ET BrandEquity|last=www.ETBrandEquity.com|website=ETBrandEquity.com|language=en|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref>

The current Reynolds' licensee is Flair Pens. Flair markets and distributes Reynolds pens in India. Reynolds has an R&D facility in Chennai, India. Reynold Pens, along with Paper-Mate and Parker, are brands owned by US based [[Newell Brands]] and are sold in more than 70 countries.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{oweb}}

{{Newell Brands}}
{{Pen manufacturers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reynolds Pens}}
[[Category:Pen manufacturers]]
[[Category:Pencil brands]]

2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election

2026-03-05T19:14:54Z

KaveriKumari2: added content further and updated info as per guidelines

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly election in Indian state of Gujarat}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election
| country = India
| type = Legislative
| ongoing = No
| previous_election = 2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 2017
| election_date = 1 and 5 December 2022
| next_election = Next Gujarat Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 2027
| seats_for_election = All 182 seats in the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 92
| outgoing_members = 14th Gujarat Assembly#Members of Legislative Assembly
| elected_members = 15th Gujarat Assembly#Members of Legislative Assembly
| opinion_polls = 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election#Opinion polls
| turnout = 64.84% ({{decrease}} 4.17 [[Percentage point|pp]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Voter turnout|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/?do=download&r=41188&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=d74466ee7b5e6889948dbb5a4b5b4deb|access-date=30 March 2023|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
| image_size = 120px
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Bhupendrabhai Patel accompanies Narendra Modi at Rajkot (cropped).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=12|oTop=5}}
| leader1 = [[Bhupendra Patel]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance
| leader_since1 = 2021
| leaders_seat1 = [[Ghatlodia Assembly constituency|Ghatlodia]] (''won'')
| last_election1 = 49.1%, 99 seats
| swing1 = {{increase}} 3.45 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| seats1 = '''156'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 57
| popular_vote1 = '''16,707,957'''
| percentage1 = '''52.50%'''
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Thakur in Feb 22 (cropped).jpg||bSize=140|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=16|oTop=0}}
| leader2 = [[Jagdish Thakor]]
| leader_since2 = 2021
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| alliance2 = United Progressive Alliance
| leaders_seat2 = ''Did not contest''
| last_election2 = 41.4%, 77 seats
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 14.16 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| seats2 = 17
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 60
| popular_vote2 = 8,683,966
| percentage2 = 27.28%
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Isudan Ghadvi Public Function_2022.png|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=2|oTop=5}}
| leader3 = [[Isudan Gadhvi]]
| leader_since3 = 2022
| party3 = Aam Aadmi Party
| alliance3 =
| leaders_seat3 = [[Khambhalia Assembly constituency|Khambhalia]] ''(lost)''
| last_election3 = 0.1%, 0 seat
| swing3 = {{increase}} 12.82 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| seats3 = 5
| seat_change3 = {{increase}} 5
| popular_vote3 = 4,112,055
| percentage3 = 12.92%
| map_image = 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election Results Map.svg
| map_size = 300px
| map_caption = Map of Gujarat showing winning parties
| map2_image = India Gujarat Legislative Assembly 2022.svg
| map2_size = 300px
| map2_caption = Structure of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] after the election
| title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Gujarat|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[Bhupendra Patel]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| after_election = [[Bhupendra Patel]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

Legislative Assembly elections were held in [[Elections in Gujarat|Gujarat]] from [[2022 elections in India|1 to 5 December 2022]] in two phases, to elect [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly|182 members]] of [[15th Gujarat Assembly|15th]] [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 8 December 2022.

The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won a [[landslide victory]] of 156 seats, the most ever won by any party in Gujarat's history. No other political party could win enough seats to be recognised as official opposition in the state. The [[Indian National Congress]] fell to its lowest count in the state for 3 decades, and the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] gained five seats.

==Background==
The tenure of [[14th Gujarat Assembly|14th Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] is scheduled to end on 18 February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Terms of the Houses |url=https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328103956/https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/ |archive-date=2022-03-28 |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=Election Commission of India |language=en-IN}}</ref> The [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|previous assembly elections]] were held in December 2017. After the election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) formed the [[Government of Gujarat|state government]], with [[Vijay Rupani]] becoming [[List of chief ministers of Gujarat|Chief Minister]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2017-12-26|title=Vijay Rupani takes oath as Gujarat CM|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vijay-rupani-swearing-in-live-updates-gujarat-narendra-modi-bjp-4998933/|access-date=2022-01-08|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=8 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108153339/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vijay-rupani-swearing-in-live-updates-gujarat-narendra-modi-bjp-4998933/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Vijay Rupani resigned from Chief Minister post on 11 September 2021<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-11|title=Vijay Rupani resigns as Gujarat CM a year before state elections|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/gujarat-chief-minister-vijay-rupani-resigns-11631353337046.html|access-date=2022-02-20|website=mint|language=en|archive-date=20 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220140616/https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/gujarat-chief-minister-vijay-rupani-resigns-11631353337046.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and he was succeeded by [[Bhupendra Patel]] as the new Chief Minister.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-13|title=Bhupendra Patel sworn in as Gujarat CM|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bhupendra-patel-takes-oath-as-gujarat-cm-today/article36427656.ece|access-date=2022-02-20|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=20 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220204443/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bhupendra-patel-takes-oath-as-gujarat-cm-today/article36427656.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since the last assembly elections, several [[By-election|bypolls]] were held, most of which were won by the BJP, taking their strength from 99 to 112 seats.<ref>{{cite news|title=BJP MLAs increase from 99 to 112|url=https://m.thewire.in/article/politics/bjp-wins-a-by-poll-to-gujarat-assembly-seat-now-has-112-mlas-in-house/amp|access-date=19 August 2022|work=The Wire|date=2 May 2021|language=en|archive-date=19 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819070343/https://m.thewire.in/article/politics/bjp-wins-a-by-poll-to-gujarat-assembly-seat-now-has-112-mlas-in-house/amp|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Local body elections ===

BJP swept the [[2021 Gujarat local elections|2021 Gujarat local body elections]] by winning all corporation and district panchayats and [[Indian National Congress]] (Congress) gained majority in one municipality and 18 taluka panchayats.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-02 |title=BJP Sweeps Local Body Elections in Gujarat, Congress Leaders Resign After Dismal Show |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/gujarat-local-body-election-results-2021-live-updates-votes-counting-municipal-district-taluka-panchayat-elections-3488726.html |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> On one side BJP increased its strength and on the other side [[Aam Aadmi Party, Gujarat|Aam Aadmi Party]] (AAP) made significant inroads to be considered as a contender in the state.<ref>{{cite news|title=BJP dominates, AAP impressed|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarat-local-body-election-results-2021-strong-bjp-start-in-early-leads-as-votes-counted-for-gujarat-local-polls-2381663|access-date=19 August 2022|work=The Wire|date=3 March 2021|language=en|archive-date=10 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810151809/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarat-local-body-election-results-2021-strong-bjp-start-in-early-leads-as-votes-counted-for-gujarat-local-polls-2381663|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=PAAS dumps Congress, supports AAP |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/paas-supports-aap-candidates-in-surat-civic-polls-7194938/ |access-date=19 August 2022 |work=Indian Express |date=19 Feb 2021 |language=en |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819074105/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/paas-supports-aap-candidates-in-surat-civic-polls-7194938/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]], BJP lost in some districts of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] region due to farmer and [[Patidar reservation agitation|Patidar agitation]]; notably in [[Amreli]] and [[Gir Somnath]] where it lost all seats to Congress.<ref>{{cite news |title= Farmer anger leads to BJP rout in Saurashtra |url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/saurashtra-shocker-bjp-wiped-out-in-amreli-and-gir-somnath-districts/story-CwVB2WbZEIqfdcZ5U0cwOI.html |access-date= 19 August 2022 |work= Hindustan Times |date= 19 Dec 2017 |language= en |archive-date= 21 August 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220821113121/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/saurashtra-shocker-bjp-wiped-out-in-amreli-and-gir-somnath-districts/story-CwVB2WbZEIqfdcZ5U0cwOI.html |url-status= live }}</ref> However, when panchayat elections were held in Amreli along with other districts, BJP gained a two-thirds majority translating to a lead on all five assembly segments of Amreli, while AAP gaining in rural Gujarat indicated that Gujarat is heading towards a three-cornered contest.<ref>{{cite news |title= Gujarat to witness a three-cornered contest |url= https://www.deccanherald.com/india/2022-gujarat-poll-likely-to-be-toughest-election-for-congress-1125365.html |access-date= 21 August 2022 |work= Deccan Herald |date= 10 July 2022 |language= en |archive-date= 5 September 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230905131838/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/2022-gujarat-poll-likely-to-be-toughest-election-for-congress-1125365.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat District and Taluka Election results |url=https://sec.gujarat.gov.in/taluka-ele-oct10-amreli.htm |access-date=21 August 2022 |archive-date=12 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112134458/http://sec.gujarat.gov.in/taluka-ele-oct10-amreli.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the [[Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation|Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation elections]], BJP got a majority by winning 41 out of 44 wards while Congress got two seats. AAP won one seat and was the third largest party in terms of vote share, which indicated increasing acceptance of AAP as a third alternative.<ref>{{cite news |title=BJP sweeps Gandhinagar, AAP at 3rd spot in terms of vote share |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gandhinagar-municipal-corporation-election-results-live-updates-counting-of-votes-44-seats-aap-bjp-congress-ncp-7552516/ |access-date=19 August 2022 |work=Indian Express |date=5 Oct 2021 |language=en |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819075257/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gandhinagar-municipal-corporation-election-results-live-updates-counting-of-votes-44-seats-aap-bjp-congress-ncp-7552516/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Congress dubbed the AAP as a 'B team' of the BJP for by dividing the anti-BJP votes, which ultimately favoured the BJP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-06 |title=Gujarat: Congress blames AAP for its rout in Gandhinagar civic polls; calls it 'B team' of BJP |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/gujarat-congress-blames-aap-for-its-rout-in-gandhinagar-civic-polls-calls-it-b-team-of-bjp-1037769.html |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021111227/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/gujarat-congress-blames-aap-for-its-rout-in-gandhinagar-civic-polls-calls-it-b-team-of-bjp-1037769.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Schedule==
The election schedule was announced by the [[Election Commission of India]] on 3 November 2022.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date=2022-11-03 |title=Gujarat elections in two phases, counting on December 8 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gujarat-assembly-elections-announced-november-3-2022/article66090037.ece |access-date=2022-11-03 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103180116/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gujarat-assembly-elections-announced-november-3-2022/article66090037.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Gujarat Election Phases (2022).png|thumb|300px|Phases of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="3" | Poll event
! colspan="2" | Phase
|-
!I
!II
|-
|bgcolor=#65cdf4|
|bgcolor=#365dff|
|-
| Notification date
| 5 November 2022
|10 November 2022
|-
| Last date for filing nomination
| 14 November 2022
|17 November 2022
|-
| Scrutiny of nomination
| 15 November 2022
|18 November 2022
|-
| Last date for withdrawal of nomination
| 17 November 2022
|21 November 2022
|-
| Date of poll
| 1 December 2022
|5 December 2022
|-
| '''Date of counting of votes'''
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | '''8 December 2022'''
|}

== Election statistics ==
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Over 4.90 crore voters in Gujarat ; ECI releases final roll and electors details 2022 |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/10/10/over-4-90-crore-voters-in-gujarat-eci-releases-final-roll-and-electors-details-2022/ |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010160809/https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/10/10/over-4-90-crore-voters-in-gujarat-eci-releases-final-roll-and-electors-details-2022/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-10 |title=Gujarat has 4.90 crore voters, 11.62 lakh new voters, as per final electoral roll |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gujarat-has-4-90-crore-voters-11-62-lakh-new-voters-as-per-final-electoral-roll/articleshow/94769376.cms |access-date=2022-10-10 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010174600/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gujarat-has-4-90-crore-voters-11-62-lakh-new-voters-as-per-final-electoral-roll/articleshow/94769376.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-23 |title=Gujarat assembly elections: 1,621 candidates in fray in 2 phases |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-elections-1621-candidates-in-fray-in-2-phases-8286043/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=24 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124150057/https://indianexpress.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-elections-1621-candidates-in-fray-in-2-phases-8286043/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-27 |title=Gujarat polls: Only 139 women candidates in fray out of total 1,621 contestants |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/gujarat-polls-only-139-women-candidates-in-fray-out-of-total-1-621-contestants-101669521603707.html |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=27 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127072422/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/gujarat-polls-only-139-women-candidates-in-fray-out-of-total-1-621-contestants-101669521603707.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-05 |title=51,782 polling booths for Gujarat assembly election |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/gandhinagar/24-polling-booths-for-13700-isolated-voters-in-islands-forests-8250609/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112210524/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/gandhinagar/24-polling-booths-for-13700-isolated-voters-in-islands-forests-8250609/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" |Registered voters
|-
| Male
| 25,336,610
|-
| Female
| 23,751,738
|-
| Third Gender
| 1,417
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''49,089,765'''
|}
{{col-3}}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Candidates
|-
| Male
|1,482
|-
| Female
|139
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''1,621'''
|}
{{col-3}}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Polling stations
|-
| Urban areas
| 17,506
|-
| Rural areas
| 34,276
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''51,782'''
|}
{{col-end}}

== Parties and alliances ==

=== Bharatiya Janata Party ===

{{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]}}
{| class="wikitable" width="60%"
|+
! No.
! Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Photo
! Seats contested
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" |'''1.'''
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Lotos flower symbol.svg|50px]]
| [[Bhupendrabhai Patel]]
| [[File:Bhupendra PAtel Sanskrit.jpg|50px]]
| 182<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2022-11-22 |title=Gujarat Assembly polls: 1,621 candidates in the fray |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/gujarat-assembly/gujarat-assembly-polls-1621-candidates-in-the-fray/article66169444.ece |access-date=2022-11-22 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=22 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122184238/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/gujarat-assembly/gujarat-assembly-polls-1621-candidates-in-the-fray/article66169444.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":9" />
|}

=== United Progressive Alliance ===

{{legend2|{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}|[[United Progressive Alliance]]}}
Congress and NCP announced an alliance to contest the election together on 11 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-11 |title=Congress, NCP forge pre-poll alliance in Gujarat; NCP to contest three seats |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/congress-ncp-forge-pre-poll-alliance-in-gujarat-sharad-pawar-led-party-to-contest-three-seats-1161418.html |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=11 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111115419/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/congress-ncp-forge-pre-poll-alliance-in-gujarat-sharad-pawar-led-party-to-contest-three-seats-1161418.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" width="60%"
|+
! No.
! Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Photo
! Seats contested
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};color:white" |'''1.'''
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
| [[Jagdish Thakor]]
|
| 179<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":8" />
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}};color:white" |'''2.'''
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| [[File:NCP-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Nationalist Congress Party Election Symbol.png|50px]]
| [[Jayantbhai Patel Boskey]]
| [[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|50px]]
| 2<ref name=":1" />
|-
! colspan="6" | Total
! 181
|}

=== Aam Aadmi Party ===

{{legend2|{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]}}
In May 2022, AAP announced alliance with [[Bharatiya Tribal Party]] for the election.<ref name=":22" /> However, the alliance was called off in September 2022.<ref name=":11" />
{| class="wikitable" width="60%"
|+
! No.
! Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Photo
! Seats contested
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}};color:white" |'''1.'''
| [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| [[File:Aam Aadmi Party logo (English).svg|50px]]
| [[File:AAP Symbol.png|50px]]
| [[Isudan Gadhvi]]
| [[File:Isudan Ghadvi Public Function 2022.png|50px]]
| 180<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" />
|}

=== Others ===
{| class="wikitable" width="60%"
|+
! No.
! Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Seats contested
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}};color:white" |'''1.'''
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| [[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|50px]]
| Ashok Chavda<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-02 |title=Gujarat: Deadline looming, just one BSP candidate files nomination; other 25 names yet undeclared |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-gujarat-deadline-looming-just-one-bsp-candidate-files-nomination-other-twenty-five-names-yet-undeclared-5653854/ |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202144845/https://indianexpress.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-gujarat-deadline-looming-just-one-bsp-candidate-files-nomination-other-twenty-five-names-yet-undeclared-5653854/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| 101<ref name=":12" />
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" |'''2.'''
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|50px]]
| Hitendra Bhatt<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-26 |title=CPI(M) Gujarat State Conference Concludes |url=https://www.cpim.org/states/cpim-gujarat-state-conference-concludes |access-date=2022-12-03 |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203043453/https://www.cpim.org/states/cpim-gujarat-state-conference-concludes |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 9<ref>[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ Gujarat legislative election 2022] {{dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}};color:white" |'''3.'''
| [[Samajwadi Party]]
|
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|50px]]
| Devendra Upadhyay{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}
| 17<ref name=":12" />
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white" |'''4.'''
| [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
| [[File:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen logo.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Kite.svg|50px]]
| [[Sabirbhai Kabliwala|Sabir Kabliwala]]
| 13<ref name=":12" />
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Tribal Party}};color:white" |'''5.'''
| [[Bharatiya Tribal Party]]
| [[File:Bharatiya-Tribal-Party.webp|50px]]
| [[File:Auto Rickshaw Election Symbol.svg|50px]]
| [[Chhotubhai Vasava]]
| 26<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=24 November 2022 |title=Gujarat assembly elections 2022: 1,621 candidates from 70 parties, Independents in fray |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/gujarat/news/gujarat-assembly-elections-2022-1621-candidates-from-70-parties-independents-in-fray/articleshow/95724346.cms |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128044429/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/gujarat/news/gujarat-assembly-elections-2022-1621-candidates-from-70-parties-independents-in-fray/articleshow/95724346.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==Candidates==
AAP released the first list of 10 candidates on 2 August 2022,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Langa |first1=Mahesh |title=AAP announces first list of 10 candidates for Gujarat Assembly polls |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/aap-announces-first-list-of-10-candidates-for-gujarat-assembly-polls/article65716411.ece |access-date=6 August 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=2 August 2022 |language=en-IN |archive-date=6 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806150403/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/aap-announces-first-list-of-10-candidates-for-gujarat-assembly-polls/article65716411.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> the second list of 9 candidates on 18 August,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-18 |title=AAP names 9 more for Assembly polls, as other parties still to decide |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/aap-names-9-more-for-assembly-polls-other-parties-still-to-decide-8098204/ |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=5 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005030434/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/aap-names-9-more-for-assembly-polls-other-parties-still-to-decide-8098204/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the third list of 10 candidates on 7 September,<ref>{{cite news |title=AAP releases third list of candidates for Gujarat Assembly polls |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/aap-releases-third-list-of-candidates-for-gujarat-assembly-polls-1143015.html |access-date=8 September 2022 |work=Deccan Herald |date=7 September 2022 |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908084009/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/aap-releases-third-list-of-candidates-for-gujarat-assembly-polls-1143015.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the fourth list of 12 candidates on 6 October,<ref>{{Cite news |agency=PTI |date=2022-10-06 |title=AAP releases 4th list of 12 candidates for Gujarat Assembly polls |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/aap-releases-4th-list-of-12-candidates-for-gujarat-assembly-polls-41-seats-covered-so-far/article65975957.ece |access-date=2022-10-07 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007085501/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/aap-releases-4th-list-of-12-candidates-for-gujarat-assembly-polls-41-seats-covered-so-far/article65975957.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> the fifth list of 12 candidates on 16 October 2022,<ref>{{cite news |title=Gujarat Assembly elections 2022: AAP releases list of 12 candidates. Read here |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/gujarat-assembly-elections-2022-aap-releases-list-of-12-candidates-read-here-11665913787737.html |access-date=16 October 2022 |work=mint |date=16 October 2022 |language=en |archive-date=16 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016102430/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/gujarat-assembly-elections-2022-aap-releases-list-of-12-candidates-read-here-11665913787737.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the sixth list of 20 candidates on 20 October 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-20 |title=Gujarat Assembly elections 2022: AAP releases sixth list of 20 candidates |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/gujarat-assembly-elections-2022-aap-releases-sixth-list-of-20-candidates-article-94988858 |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref> the seventh list of 13 candidates on 28 October 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-28 |title=Gujarat Election 2022: AAP Releases Seventh List Of 13 Candidates |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/gujarat-election-2022-aap-releases-seventh-list-candidates-check-details-1560292 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028225609/https://news.abplive.com/news/india/gujarat-election-2022-aap-releases-seventh-list-candidates-check-details-1560292 |url-status=live }}</ref> the eight list of 22 candidates on 1 November 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=AAP announces 22 more candidates in Gujarat; 108 so far |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/aap-announces-22-more-candidates-in-gujarat-108-so-far-8243583/ |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102115804/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/aap-announces-22-more-candidates-in-gujarat-108-so-far-8243583/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the ninth list of 10 candidates on 3 November 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2022 |title=Gujarat Elections 2022: AAP announces ninth list of 10 candidates, 118 named so far |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gujarat-elections-2022-aap-announces-ninth-list-of-10-candidates-118-named-so-far/2774180/ |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=Financialexpress |language=en |archive-date=5 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105145846/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gujarat-elections-2022-aap-announces-ninth-list-of-10-candidates-118-named-so-far/2774180/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the tenth list of 21 candidates on 5 November 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-05 |title=Gujarat Election 2022: AAP Announces 21 Candidates In 10th List |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/gujarat-election-aap-announces-21-candidates-in-10th-list-know-names-fielded-from-surat-west-vav-and-more-1561638 |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en |archive-date=5 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105145846/https://news.abplive.com/elections/gujarat-election-aap-announces-21-candidates-in-10th-list-know-names-fielded-from-surat-west-vav-and-more-1561638 |url-status=live }}</ref> the eleventh list of 12 candidates on 7 November 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-07 |title=AAP Releases 11th List Of Candidates For 12 Seats For Gujarat Elections |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aap-releases-11th-list-of-candidates-for-12-seats-for-gujarat-elections-3497178 |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107125201/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aap-releases-11th-list-of-candidates-for-12-seats-for-gujarat-elections-3497178 |url-status=live }}</ref> the twelfth list of 7 candidates on 8 November 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-08 |title=Gujarat polls: AAP releases 12th list of candidates for 7 seats |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/gujarat-assembly-polls-2022/story/aap-releases-new-list-of-candidates-for-seven-constituencies-2294795-2022-11-08 |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=8 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108113113/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/gujarat-assembly-polls-2022/story/aap-releases-new-list-of-candidates-for-seven-constituencies-2294795-2022-11-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> the thirteenth list of 12 candidates on 9 November 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-09 |title=AAP Releases 13th List Of Candidates For Gujarat Polls |url=https://www.vibesofindia.com/aap-releases-13th-list-of-candidates-for-gujarat-polls/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Vibes Of India |language=en-AU |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110233054/https://www.vibesofindia.com/aap-releases-13th-list-of-candidates-for-gujarat-polls/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the fourteenth list of 10 candidates on 10 November 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-10 |title=Gujarat Election 2022: Aam Aadmi Party Releases 14th List Of 10 Candidates |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/gujarat-election-2022-aam-aadmi-party-releases-14th-list-of-10-candidates-assembly-polls-1562576 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110233052/https://news.abplive.com/elections/gujarat-election-2022-aam-aadmi-party-releases-14th-list-of-10-candidates-assembly-polls-1562576 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the fifteenth list of 3 candidates on 12 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-12 |title=Gujarat Assembly Election 2022: AAP releases 15th list of three candidates |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news/gujarat-election-2022-aap-releases-15th-list-three-candidates-arvind-kejriwal-gujarat-assembly-polls-isudan-gadhvi-cm-face-latest-updates-2022-11-12-823391 |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=India TV News |language=en |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100049/https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news/gujarat-election-2022-aap-releases-15th-list-three-candidates-arvind-kejriwal-gujarat-assembly-polls-isudan-gadhvi-cm-face-latest-updates-2022-11-12-823391 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 13 November 2022, AAP released the sixteenth list of 2 candidates including their Chief Ministerial candidate, [[Isudan Gadhvi]] contesting from [[Khambhalia Assembly constituency|Khambhalia]] constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=Gujarat polls: AAP's CM candidate Isudan Gadhvi to contest from Khambhalia seat |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/gujarat-polls-aaps-cm-candidate-isudan-gadhvi-to-contest-from-khambhalia-seat/cid/1897859 |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=Telegraph India |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113131510/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/gujarat-polls-aaps-cm-candidate-isudan-gadhvi-to-contest-from-khambhalia-seat/cid/1897859 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=AAP 16th list |url=https://twitter.com/aapgujarat/status/1591766345712308227 |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> AAP released the seventeenth list of 4 candidates on 15 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-15 |title=Gujarat Assembly polls: AAP releases 17th list of four candidates |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/gujarat-assembly-polls-aap-releases-17th-list-of-four-candidates-1503131351.html |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=The Statesman |language=en-US |archive-date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116223155/https://www.thestatesman.com/india/gujarat-assembly-polls-aap-releases-17th-list-of-four-candidates-1503131351.html |url-status=live }}</ref> AAP candidate from [[Surat East Assembly constituency|Surat East]] withdrew his nomination on 16 November.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-16 |title=AAP candidate withdraws from Surat (east) assembly seat after high drama |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/aap-candidate-withdraws-from-surat-east-assembly-seat-after-high-drama-101668602244265.html |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=22 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122174807/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/aap-candidate-withdraws-from-surat-east-assembly-seat-after-high-drama-101668602244265.html |url-status=live }}</ref> AAP candidate from [[Abdasa Assembly constituency|Abdasa]] retired his campaign in favour of BJP candidate on 28 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-28 |title=AAP candidate withdraws from Gujarat elections, joins BJP |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/aap-candidate-withdraws-from-gujarat-elections-joins-bjp-1166368.html |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128112421/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/aap-candidate-withdraws-from-gujarat-elections-joins-bjp-1166368.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Congress released the first list of 43 candidates on 4 November 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-05 |title=Gujarat assembly elections: Congress releases 1st list of candidates |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/gujarat-assembly-elections-congress-releases-1st-list-of-candidates-details-here-101667585332868.html |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=5 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105111435/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/gujarat-assembly-elections-congress-releases-1st-list-of-candidates-details-here-101667585332868.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the second list of 46 candidates on 10 November 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-10 |title=Gujarat polls: Congress releases 2nd list of 46 candidates |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/gujarat-polls-congress-releases-2nd-list-of-46-candidates-1161277.html |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110224305/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/gujarat-polls-congress-releases-2nd-list-of-46-candidates-1161277.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the third list of 7 candidates on 11 November 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-12 |title=Congress releases 3rd list of 7 candidates for Gujarat polls |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/congress-releases-3rd-list-of-7-candidates-for-gujarat-polls-101668203278415.html |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112001745/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/congress-releases-3rd-list-of-7-candidates-for-gujarat-polls-101668203278415.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the fourth list of 9 candidates on 12 November 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=Congress releases fourth list of 9 candidates for Gujarat Assembly polls |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/nov/13/congress-releases-fourth-list-of-9-candidates-for-gujarat-assembly-polls-2517910.html |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113103450/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/nov/13/congress-releases-fourth-list-of-9-candidates-for-gujarat-assembly-polls-2517910.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the fifth list of 6 candidates and the sixth list of 33 candidates on 13 November 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=Gujarat Assembly polls: Congress announces fifth list of six candidates |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/gandhinagar/gujarat-polls-2022-congress-list-8266528/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=14 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114013203/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/gandhinagar/gujarat-polls-2022-congress-list-8266528/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=Gujarat Congress declares 33 more candidates for State assembly polls |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/11/13/gujarat-congress-declares-33-more-candidates-for-state-assembly-polls/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US |archive-date=14 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114013210/https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/11/13/gujarat-congress-declares-33-more-candidates-for-state-assembly-polls/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the seventh list of 37 candidates on 16 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gujarat Assembly Polls: Congress releases final list of 37 candidates |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/gujarat/gujarat-assembly-polls-congress-releases-final-list-of-37-candidates/articleshow/95561578.cms |access-date=2022-11-16 |archive-date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116215755/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/gujarat/gujarat-assembly-polls-congress-releases-final-list-of-37-candidates/articleshow/95561578.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> NCP announced 3 candidates in alliance with Congress.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gujarat polls: After tie-up with Cong, NCP fights its lowest count of 3 seats |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/gujarat-polls-after-tie-up-with-cong-ncp-fights-its-lowest-count-of-3-seats-8274714/ |date=2022-11-18 |access-date=2022-11-18 |archive-date=18 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118024702/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/gujarat-polls-after-tie-up-with-cong-ncp-fights-its-lowest-count-of-3-seats-8274714/ |url-status=live }}</ref> NCP candidate from [[Devgadhbariya Assembly constituency|Devgadhbariya]] withdrew his nomination on 21 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-21 |title=Devgadh Baria seat NCP candidate withdraws nomination |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/11/21/devgadh-baria-seat-ncp-candidate-withdraws-nomination/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US |archive-date=21 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121112014/https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/11/21/devgadh-baria-seat-ncp-candidate-withdraws-nomination/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

BJP released the first list of 160 candidates on 10 November 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-10 |title=BJP names 160 candidates for Gujarat assembly polls in first list |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/bjp-names-160-candidates-for-gujarat-assembly-polls-in-first-list-8260099/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110224319/https://indianexpress.com/elections/bjp-names-160-candidates-for-gujarat-assembly-polls-in-first-list-8260099/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the second list of 6 candidates on 12 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-12 |title=BJP releases list of six candidates for Gujarat Assembly polls |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/bjp-releases-list-of-six-candidates-for-gujarat-assembly-polls-1161634.html |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112055255/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/bjp-releases-list-of-six-candidates-for-gujarat-assembly-polls-1161634.html |url-status=live }}</ref> BJP candidate from [[Wadhwan Assembly constituency|Wadhwan]] refused to contest election and was replaced in the third list on 13 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=BJP changes Wadhvan seat candidate as Jigna Pandya wishes not to contest |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/11/13/bjp-to-change-wadhvan-seat-candidate/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US |archive-date=14 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114040259/https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/11/13/bjp-to-change-wadhvan-seat-candidate/ |url-status=live }}</ref> BJP released the fourth list of 12 candidates on 14 November 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-14 |title=Gujarat assembly election: BJP releases list of 12 candidates for upcoming polls, fields Alpesh Thakor |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news/gujarat-assembly-election-2022-bjp-releases-list-of-12-candidates-for-upcoming-polls-bharatiya-janta-party-tickets-2022-11-14-823846 |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en |archive-date=15 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115030424/https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news/gujarat-assembly-election-2022-bjp-releases-list-of-12-candidates-for-upcoming-polls-bharatiya-janta-party-tickets-2022-11-14-823846 |url-status=live }}</ref> the fifth list of 3 candidates on 16 November 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-16 |title=Gujarat Election 2022: BJP Releases Fifth List Of 3 Candidates |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/gujarat-election-2022-bjp-releases-fifth-list-of-3-candidates-assembly-elections-1563717 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en |archive-date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116104908/https://news.abplive.com/elections/gujarat-election-2022-bjp-releases-fifth-list-of-3-candidates-assembly-elections-1563717 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the sixth list of 1 candidate on 17 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-17 |title=Suspense over Gujarat's Manjalpur seat ends, BJP's Yogesh Patel in the run for his 8th term |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/gujarats-manjalpur-seat-bjps-yogesh-patel-8273565/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=22 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122175126/https://indianexpress.com/elections/gujarats-manjalpur-seat-bjps-yogesh-patel-8273565/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 <section begin="Candidates"/>
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" |District<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" |Voting date<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-09 |title=Gujarat Election 2022 - Phase 1, 2 Polling Seats and Counting - Full schedule |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-gujarat-election-date-2022-gujarat-election-result-date-2022-phase-1-2-polling-seats-and-counting-full-schedule-of-gujarat-assembly-election-2022-206992 |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=Zee Business |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130034530/https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-gujarat-election-date-2022-gujarat-election-result-date-2022-phase-1-2-polling-seats-and-counting-full-schedule-of-gujarat-assembly-election-2022-206992 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=Press Note - Gujarat assembly elections 2022 schedule |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1873396 |access-date=30 November 2022 |website=pib.gov.in |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208121108/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1873396 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! rowspan="2" |Electors (2022)<ref name="voter data 2022">{{Cite web |title=All Assembly Constituency Detail |url=https://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/All_ACDetails.aspx |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Gujarat State |archive-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113170314/https://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/All_ACDetails.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{update after|2022}}
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" |[[Aam Aadmi Party|'''AAP''']]<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=List of candidates - Phase 1 |url=https://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/ViewFile?fileName=uePTCt7OdOHwxyziAX75Px7jTogZ3I6npjdoV5BT88QYgakMj90tzcmC0ChU8AuahdztvKR6z56lpQ9iKR6KuQHASH_HASHQoVbl0Ta7hZczYYOQcTENzXzLjRVNCgdWHASH_HASHHASH_HASHzFptX6GIQwVO3XHM8sZLJXH9N1eA== |access-date=28 November 2022 |website=ceo.gujarat.gov.in |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128051423/https://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/ViewFile?fileName=uePTCt7OdOHwxyziAX75Px7jTogZ3I6npjdoV5BT88QYgakMj90tzcmC0ChU8AuahdztvKR6z56lpQ9iKR6KuQHASH_HASHQoVbl0Ta7hZczYYOQcTENzXzLjRVNCgdWHASH_HASHHASH_HASHzFptX6GIQwVO3XHM8sZLJXH9N1eA== |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=List of candidates - Phase 2 |url=https://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/ViewFile?fileName=uePTCt7OdOHwxyziAX75Px7jTogZ3I6npjdoV5BT88RQHASH_HASHUxBhdbSHU3iUPxtIOt2cHvvl4e9Bjr0dPzYHASH__HASHDNFnZTUKRjFCHASH__HASH5JIcL1tlXqB4jCxaGlUApWAvdc1ustBpmCjt9vHASH__HASHhvtivOWHJvCZG0t7g== |access-date=28 November 2022 |website=ceo.gujarat.gov.in |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128220421/https://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/ViewFile?fileName=uePTCt7OdOHwxyziAX75Px7jTogZ3I6npjdoV5BT88RQHASH_HASHUxBhdbSHU3iUPxtIOt2cHvvl4e9Bjr0dPzYHASH__HASHDNFnZTUKRjFCHASH__HASH5JIcL1tlXqB4jCxaGlUApWAvdc1ustBpmCjt9vHASH__HASHhvtivOWHJvCZG0t7g== |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Elections 2022: Full list of AAP candidates and their constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gujarat-elections-2022-full-list-of-aap-candidates-and-their-constituencies/2635187/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Financialexpress |language=en |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006202016/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gujarat-elections-2022-full-list-of-aap-candidates-and-their-constituencies/2635187/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" |[[National Democratic Alliance|'''NDA''']]<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":13" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Elections 2022: Full list of BJP candidates and their constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gujarat-elections-2022-full-list-of-bjp-candidates-and-their-constituencies/2803105/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Financialexpress |language=en |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110223415/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gujarat-elections-2022-full-list-of-bjp-candidates-and-their-constituencies/2803105/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}" |[[United Progressive Alliance|'''UPA''']]<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":13" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Elections 2022: Full list of Congress candidates and their constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gujarat-elections-2022-full-list-of-congress-candidates-and-their-constituencies/2776064/ |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=Financialexpress |language=en |archive-date=20 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720153434/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gujarat-elections-2022-full-list-of-congress-candidates-and-their-constituencies/2776064/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!No.
! Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Kachchh district|Kachchh]]
| rowspan="6" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 1 || [[Abdasa Assembly constituency|Abdasa]]
|{{formatnum: 253096}}
| colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Pradhyumansinh Mahipatsinh Jadeja|P. M. Jadeja]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mamadbhai Jung Jat
|-
| 2 || [[Mandvi, Kachchh Assembly constituency|Mandvi (Kachchh)]]
| 257359
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Kailash Gadhvi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Aniruddh Dave
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rajendersingh Jadeja
|-
| 3 || [[Bhuj Assembly constituency|Bhuj]]
| 290952
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Rajesh Pandoriya
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Keshubhai Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Arjanbhai Bhudia
|-
| 4 || [[Anjar Assembly constituency|Anjar]]
| 270813
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Arjan Rabari
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Chhanga Trikam Bijal]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ramesh Dangar
|-
| 5 || [[Gandhidham Assembly constituency|Gandhidham]] (SC)
| 314991
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|B. T. Maheshwari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Malti Maheshwari]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bharat Solanki
|-
| 6 || [[Rapar Assembly constituency|Rapar]]
| 247463
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Ambabhai Patel
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Virendrasinh Jadeja]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bacchu Arethiya
|-
| rowspan="9" |[[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]]
| rowspan="9" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 7 || [[Vav Assembly constituency|Vav]]
| 302019
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Bhim Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Swarupji Thakor
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Geniben Thakor
|-
| 8 || [[Tharad Assembly constituency|Tharad]]
| 248208
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Virchandbhai Chavda
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Shankar Chaudhary]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Gulabsinh Pirabhai Rajput]]
|-
| 9 || [[Dhanera Assembly constituency|Dhanera]]
| 268653
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Suresh Devda
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bhagwanji Chaudhary
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Nathabhai Hegolabhai Patel
|-
| 10 || [[Danta Assembly constituency|Danta]] (ST)
| 257655
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|M. K. Bombadiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ladhubhai Paraghi
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kantibhai Kalabhai Kharadi
|-
| 11 || [[Vadgam Assembly constituency|Vadgam]] (SC)
| 294742
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Dalpat Bhatiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Manilal Vaghela]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Jignesh Mevani]]
|-
| 12 || [[Palanpur Assembly constituency|Palanpur]]
| 284390
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Ramesh Nabhani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Aniket Thakar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mahesh Patel
|-
| 13 || [[Deesa Assembly constituency|Deesa]]
| 289384
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Ramesh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Pravinkumar Gordhanji Mali|Pravin Mali]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sanjay Rabari
|-
| 14 || [[Deodar Assembly constituency|Deodar]]
| 253162
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Bhemabhai Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Keshaji Chauhan
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Shivabhai Bhuriya
|-
| 15 || [[Kankrej Assembly constituency|Kankrej]]
| 291481
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Mukesh Thakkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Kirtisinh Vaghela]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Amrutbhai Motiji Thakor
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Patan district|Patan]]
| rowspan="4" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 16 || [[Radhanpur Assembly constituency|Radhanpur]]
| 302728
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Lalji Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Lavingji Thakor
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Raghubhai Merajbhai Desai
|-
| 17 || [[Chanasma Assembly constituency|Chanasma]]
| 292329
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Vishnubhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Dilipkumar Viraji Thakor|Dilipkumar Thakor]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Dineshbhai Ataji Thakor
|-
| 18 || [[Patan (Gujarat Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patan]]
| 306493
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Lalesh Thakkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rajulben Desai
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Kiritkumar Patel|Dr Kiritkumar Patel]]
|-
| 19 || [[Sidhpur Assembly constituency|Sidhpur]]
| 271103
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Mahendra Rajput
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Balvantsinh Rajput]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Chandanji Thakor
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Mahesana district|Mahesana]]
| rowspan="7" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 20 || [[Kheralu Assembly constituency|Kheralu]]
| 224235
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Dinesh Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Sardarsinh Chaudhary]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mukeshbhai M. Desai
|-
| 21 || [[Unjha Assembly constituency|Unjha]]
| 232870
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Urvish Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kirit Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Patel Arvind Amratlal
|-
| 22 || [[Visnagar Assembly constituency|Visnagar]]
| 229669
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Jayanti Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Rushikesh Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kiritibhai Patel
|-
| 23 || [[Bechraji Assembly constituency|Bechraji]]
| 257850
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Sagar Rabari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sukhaji Thakor
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bhopaji Thakor
|-
| 24 || [[Kadi Assembly constituency|Kadi]] (SC)
| 280387
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|H. K. Dabhi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Karshan Solanki|Karshanbhai Solanki]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Parmar Pravinbhai Ganpatbhai
|-
| 25 || [[Mahesana Assembly constituency|Mahesana]]
| 280634
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Bhagat Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Mukesh Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|P K Patel
|-
| 26 || [[Vijapur Assembly constituency|Vijapur]]
| 224700
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Chiragbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Ramanbhai Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Dr. [[C. J. Chavda]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 27 || [[Himatnagar Assembly constituency|Himatnagar]]
| 280152
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Nirmalsinh Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[V. D. Zala]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kamleshkumar Jayantibhai Patel
|-
| 28 || [[Idar Assembly constituency|Idar]] (SC)
| 286816
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Jayantbhai Parnami
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Ramanlal Vora]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ramabhai Virchandbhai Solanki
|-
| 29 || [[Khedbrahma Assembly constituency|Khedbrahma]] (ST)
| 282875
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Bipin Gameti
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Ashvin Kotwal]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Tushar Amarsinh Chaudhary]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Aravalli district|Aravalli]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 30 || [[Bhiloda Assembly constituency|Bhiloda]] (ST)
| 314409
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Rupsinh Bhagoda
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[P. C. Baranda|Punamchand Baranda]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Raju Parghi
|-
| 31 || [[Modasa Assembly constituency|Modasa]]
| 269648
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Rajendrasinh Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bhikhusinh Parmar|Bhikhubhai Parmar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rajendrasinh Thakor
|-
| 32 || [[Bayad Assembly constituency|Bayad]]
| 245558
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Chunnibhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bhikhiben Parmar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mahendrasinh Shankersinh Vaghela
|-
| [[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]
| style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 33 || [[Prantij Assembly constituency|Prantij]]
| 258879
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Alpesh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Gajendrasinh Parmar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bahecharsinh Harisinh Rathod
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]
| rowspan="5" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 34 || [[Dahegam Assembly constituency|Dahegam]]
| 220687
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Suhag Panchal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Balrajsinh Chauhan
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Vakhatsinh Amarsinh Chauhan
|-
| 35 || [[Gandhinagar South Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar South]]
| 371598
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Dolat Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Alpesh Thakor]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Himanshu Patel
|-
| 36 || [[Gandhinagar North Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar North]]
| 253688
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Mukesh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ritaben Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Virendrasinh Mafatsinh Vaghela
|-
| 37 || [[Mansa, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Mansa]]
| 230847
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Bhaskar Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Jayantibhai Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Thakor Babusinh Mohansinh
|-
| 38 || [[Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency|Kalol (Gandhinagar)]]
| 248784
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Kantiji Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Thakor Laxmanji Punjaji|Bakaji Thakor]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Baldevji Thakor
|-
| rowspan="21" |[[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
| rowspan="21" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 39 || [[Viramgam Assembly constituency|Viramgam]]
| 298901
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Kuvarji Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Hardik Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Lakhabhai Bharwad
|-
| 40 || [[Sanand Assembly constituency|Sanand]]
| 277219
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Kuldip Vaghela
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kanubhai Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ramesh Koli
|-
| 41 || [[Ghatlodia Assembly constituency|Ghatlodia]]
| 418976
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Vijay Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bhupendrabhai Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Amee Yajnik]]
|-
| 42 || [[Vejalpur Assembly constituency|Vejalpur]]
| 380533
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Kalpesh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Amitbhai Thakar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rajendra Natwarlal Patel
|-
| 43 || [[Vatva Assembly constituency|Vatva]]
| 388433
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Bipin Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Babusingh Jadhav
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Balvantbhai Gadhavi
|-
| 44 || [[Ellis Bridge Assembly constituency|Ellisbridge]]
| 265533
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Paras Shah
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Amit Shah (mayor)|Amit Shah]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bhikhu Dave
|-
| 45 || [[Naranpura Assembly constituency|Naranpura]]
| 248816
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Pankaj Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Jitu Bhagat]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Sonal Ben Patel
|-
| 46 || [[Nikol Assembly constituency|Nikol]]
| 253932
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Ashok Gajera
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jagdish Vishvakarma
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ranjit Barad
|-
| 47 || [[Naroda Assembly constituency|Naroda]]
| 293718
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Omprakash Tiwari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Payalben Kukrani
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|Meghraj Dodwani
|-
| 48 || [[Thakkarbapa Nagar Assembly constituency|Thakkarbapa Nagar]]
| 241619
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Sanjay Mori
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kanchanben Radadiya
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Vijaykumar C Brahmabhatt
|-
| 49 || [[Bapunagar Assembly constituency|Bapunagar]]
| 205298
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Rajeshbhai Dixit
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Dineshsinh Kushwaha]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Himmatsinh Patel
|-
| 50 || [[Amraiwadi Assembly constituency|Amraiwadi]]
| 294297
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Vinay Gupta
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Hasmukh Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Dharmendra Patel
|-
| 51 || [[Dariapur Assembly constituency|Dariapur]]
| 208374
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Taj Qureshi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kaushik Jain
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Gyasuddin Shaikh
|-
| 52 || [[Jamalpur-Khadiya Assembly constituency|Jamalpur-Khadiya]]
| 213025
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Harun Nagori
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bhushan Bhatt
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Imran Khedawala
|-
| 53 || [[Maninagar Assembly constituency|Maninagar]]
| 275316
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Vipul Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Amul Bhatt
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|C M Rajput
|-
| 54 || [[Danilimda Assembly constituency|Danilimda]] (SC)
| 261033
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Dinesh Kapadia
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Nareshkumar Vyas
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Shailesh Parmar]]
|-
| 55 || [[Sabarmati Assembly constituency|Sabarmati]]
| 274943
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Jasvant Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Harshad Patel (politician)|Harshad Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Dinesh Mahida
|-
| 56 || [[Asarwa Assembly constituency|Asarwa]] (SC)
| 216542
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| J. J. Mevada
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Darshanaben Vaghela
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Vipul Mukundalal Parmar
|-
| 57 || [[Daskroi Assembly constituency|Daskroi]]
| 382297
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Kiran Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Babu Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Umedi Budhaji Zala
|-
| 58 || [[Dholka Assembly constituency|Dholka]]
| 250000
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Jattuba Gol
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Kiritsinh Dabhi]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ashwin Rathod
|-
| 59 || [[Dhandhuka Assembly constituency|Dhandhuka]]
| 269869
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Capt. Chandu Bamroliya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kalubhai Dabhi
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Harpal Singh Chudasma
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]
| rowspan="5" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 60 || [[Dasada Assembly constituency|Dasada]] (SC)
| 260345
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Arvind Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[P. K. Parmar|Parshattom Parmar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Naushad Solanki
|-
| 61 || [[Limbdi Assembly constituency|Limbdi]]
| 283576
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Mayur Sakariya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kiritsinh Rana
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Kalpana Makwana
|-
| 62 || [[Wadhwan Assembly constituency|Wadhwan]]
| 296373
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Hitesh Patel Bajrang
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jagdish Makwana
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Tarun Gadhvi
|-
| 63 || [[Chotila Assembly constituency|Chotila]]
| 257158
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Raju Karpada
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Shamji Chauhan]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Rutvik Makwana]]
|-
| 64 || [[Dhrangadhra Assembly constituency|Dhangadhra]]
| 304356
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Vagjibhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Prakash Varmora
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Chhattarsinh Gunjariya
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Morbi district|Morbi]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 65 || [[Morbi Assembly constituency|Morbi]]
| 282767
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Pankaj Ransariya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Kantilal Amrutiya]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Jayanti Jerajbhai Patel
|-
| 66 || [[Tankara Assembly constituency|Tankara]]
| 245594
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Sanjay Bhatasna
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Durlabhji Dethariya]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Lalit Kagathara
|-
| 67 || [[Wankaner Assembly constituency|Wankaner]]
| 276746
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Vikram Sorani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jitu Somani
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mohammed Javed Pirzada
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]
| rowspan="8" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 68 || [[Rajkot East Assembly constituency|Rajkot East]]
| 293185
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Rahul Bhuva
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Uday Kangad]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indranil Rajguru]]
|-
| 69 || [[Rajkot West Assembly constituency|Rajkot West]]
| 350580
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Dinesh Joshi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Darshita Shah
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mansukhbhai Kalariya
|-
| 70 || [[Rajkot South Assembly constituency|Rajkot South]]
| 257154
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Shivlal Barasia
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Ramesh Tilala]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Hiteshbhai M. Vora
|-
| 71 || [[Rajkot Rural Assembly constituency|Rajkot Rural]] (SC)
| 357908
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Vashram Sagathiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bhanuben Babariya
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sureshbhai Karshanbhai Bathvar
|-
| 72 || [[Jasdan Assembly constituency|Jasdan]]
| 252646
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Tejas Gajipara
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kunwarjibhai M. Bavaliya
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bholabhai Bhikabhai Gohil
|-
| 73 || [[Gondal Assembly constituency|Gondal]]
| 226687
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Nimisha Khunt
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Gitaba J. Jadeja
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Yatish Desai
|-
| 74 || [[Jetpur, Rajkot Assembly constituency|Jetpur (Rajkot)]]
| 272842
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Rohit Bhuva
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Jayesh Radadiya]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Deepakbhai Vekaria
|-
| 75 || [[Dhoraji Assembly constituency|Dhoraji]]
| 266718
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Vipul Sakhiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Mahendra Padalia]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Lalit Vasoya
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]
| rowspan="5" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 76 || [[Kalavad Assembly constituency|Kalavad]] (SC)
| 230775
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Jignesh Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Meghji Chavda|Meghjibhai Chavda]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Pravin Muchhadiya
|-
| 77 || [[Jamnagar Rural Assembly constituency|Jamnagar Rural]]
| 248463
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Prakash Donga
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Raghavji Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Jivan Kumbharvadiya
|-
| 78 || [[Jamnagar North Assembly constituency|Jamnagar North]]
| 259378
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Karsanbhai Karmur
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rivaba Jadeja
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bipendrasinh Jadeja
|-
| 79 || [[Jamnagar South Assembly constituency|Jamnagar South]]
| 228317
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Vishal Tyagi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Divyesh Akbari]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Manoj Kathiria
|-
| 80 || [[Jamjodhpur Assembly constituency|Jamjodhpur]]
| 224204
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Hemant Khava
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Chiman Sapariya
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Chirag Kalariya
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Devbhoomi Dwarka district|Devbhoomi Dwarka]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 81 || [[Khambhalia Assembly constituency|Khambhalia]]
| 298237
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| [[Isudan Gadhvi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Mulubhai Bera
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Vikrambhai Arjanbhai Madam|Vikram Madam]]
|-
| 82 || [[Dwarka, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Dwarka]]
| 287256
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Nakum Lakhmanbhai Boghabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Pabubha Manek]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Malubhai Kandoria
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Porbandar district|Porbandar]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 83 || [[Porbandar Assembly constituency|Porbandar]]
| 261870
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Jeevan Jungi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Babu Bokhiria]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Arjun Modhwadia]]
|-
| 84 || [[Kutiyana Assembly constituency|Kutiyana]]
| 221902
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Bhimabhai Makwana
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Dheliben Odedara
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Nathabhai Odedara
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]
| rowspan="5" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 85 || [[Manavadar Assembly constituency|Manavadar]]
| 246452
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Karsanbapu Bhadrak
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Jawaharbhai Chavda]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Arvind Ladani
|-
| 86 || [[Junagadh Assembly constituency|Junagadh]]
| 284913
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Chetan Gajera
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Sanjay Koradia]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Karsanbhai Vaddoriay
|-
| 87 || [[Visavadar Assembly constituency|Visavadar]]
| 256490
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Bhupat Bhayani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Harshad Ribadiya
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Karsanbhai Narainbhai Vaddoriay
|-
| 88 || [[Keshod Assembly constituency|Keshod]]
| 242884
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Ramjibhai Chudasma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Devabhai Malam]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Hirabhai Jotava
|-
| 89 || [[Mangrol, Junagadh Assembly constituency|Mangrol (Junagadh)]]
| 227339
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Piyush Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bhagvanjibhai Karagatiya|Bhagvan Karagatiya]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Babu Vaja
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]]
| rowspan="4" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 90 || [[Somnath Assembly constituency|Somnath]]
| 258996
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Jagmal Vala
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Mansinh Parmar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Vimal Chudasma
|-
| 91 || [[Talala Assembly constituency|Talala]]
| 231873
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Devender Solanki
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bhagwanbhai Barad
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Mansinh Dodiya
|-
| 92 || [[Kodinar Assembly constituency|Kodinar]] (SC)
| 231554
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Valijibhai Makwana
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Pradyuman Vaja
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mahesh Makwana
|-
| 93 || [[Una (Gujarat Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Una]]
| 263385
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Sejalben Khunt
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kalubhai Rathod
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Punjabhai Vansh|Punja Vansh]]
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Amreli district|Amreli]]
| rowspan="5" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 94 || [[Dhari Assembly constituency|Dhari]]
| 220574
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Kantibhai Satasiya
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jaysukh Kakdiya
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Kirti Borisagar
|-
| 95 || [[Amreli Assembly constituency|Amreli]]
| 281486
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Ravi Dhanani
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Kaushik Kantibhai Vekariya]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Paresh Dhanani]]
|-
| 96 || [[Lathi Assembly constituency|Lathi]]
| 221063
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Jaysukh Detroja
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Janak Talaviya]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Virjibhai Thummar]]
|-
| 97 || [[Savarkundla Assembly constituency|Savarkundla]]
| 251570
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Bharat Nakrani
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Mahesh Kaswala]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Pratap Dudhat
|-
| 98 || [[Rajula Assembly constituency|Rajula]]
| 270043
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Bharat Baldaniya
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Hira Solanki
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ambrish Der
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]
| rowspan="7" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 99 || [[Mahuva, Bhavnagar Assembly constituency|Mahuva (Bhavnagar)]]
| 238847
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Ashok Joliya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Shivabhai Gohil
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kanu Kalsaria
|-
| 100 || [[Talaja Assembly constituency|Talaja]]
| 248809
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Laluben Narsibhai Chauhan
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Gautambhai Chauhan]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kanu Baraiya
|-
| 101 || [[Gariadhar Assembly constituency|Gariadhar]]
| 226121
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Sudhir Vaghani
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Keshubhai Nakrani
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Divyesh Chavda
|-
| 102 || [[Palitana Assembly constituency|Palitana]]
| 276696
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Z. P. Kheni
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bhikabhai Baraiya
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rathod P. Jinabhai
|-
| 103 || [[Bhavnagar Rural Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar Rural]]
| 291665
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Khumansinh Gohil
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Parshottam Solanki
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Revatsinh Gohil
|-
| 104 || [[Bhavnagar East Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar East]]
| 262346
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Hamir Rathod
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Sejalben Pandya]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Baldev Majibhai Solanki
|-
| 105 || [[Bhavnagar West Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar West]]
| 261728
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Raju Solanki
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jitendra Vaghani
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kishorsinh Gohil
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Botad district|Botad]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 106 || [[Gadhada Assembly constituency|Gadhada]] (SC)
| 261776
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Ramesh Parmar
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Shambhuprasad Tundiya
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Jagdish Chavda
|-
| 107 || [[Botad Assembly constituency|Botad]]
| 288666
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Umesh Makwana
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ghanshyam Virani
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Manhar Patel
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Anand district|Anand]]
| rowspan="7" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 108 || [[Khambhat Assembly constituency|Khambhat]]
| 230597
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Arun Gohil
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Mahesh Raval
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Chirag Arvindbhai Patel
|-
| 109 || [[Borsad Assembly constituency|Borsad]]
| 256777
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Manish Patel
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Raman Solanki
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rajendrasinh Parmar
|-
| 110 || [[Anklav Assembly constituency|Anklav]]
| 221099
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Gajendra Singh
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Gulabsinh Padiyar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Amit Chavda]]
|-
| 111 || [[Umreth Assembly constituency|Umreth]]
| 266540
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Amrishbhai Patel
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Govindbhai Parmar]]
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|[[Jayantbhai Patel Boskey]]
|-
| 112 || [[Anand Assembly constituency|Anand]]
| 308572
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Girish Shandilya
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Yogesh R. Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kanti Sodhaparmar
|-
| 113 || [[Petlad Assembly constituency|Petlad]]
| 235744
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Arjun Bharwad
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Kamleshbhai Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Dr Prakash Parmar
|-
| 114 || [[Sojitra Assembly constituency|Sojitra]]
| 217225
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Manubhai Thakur
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Vipulkumar Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Punambhai M parmar
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Kheda district|Kheda]]
| rowspan="6" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 115 || [[Matar Assembly constituency|Matar]]
| 249382
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Lalji Parmar
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Kalpeshbhai Ashabhai Parmar|Kalpesh Parmar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sanjaybhai Patel
|-
| 116 || [[Nadiad Assembly constituency|Nadiad]]
| 271155
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Harshad Vaghela
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Pankajbhai Desai|Desai Pankajkumar Vinubhai]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Dhruval Patel
|-
| 117 || [[Mehmedabad Assembly constituency|Mehmedabad]]
| 246543
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Pramodbhai Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Arjunsinh Chauhan
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Juvansinh Gadabhai
|-
| 118 || [[Mahudha Assembly constituency|Mahudha]]
| 247443
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Ravjibhai Somabhai Vaghela
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Sanjaysinh Mahida]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Indrajitsinh Natvarsinh Parmar
|-
| 119 || [[Thasra Assembly constituency|Thasra]]
| 269548
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Natwarsinh Rathod
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Yogendrasinh Parmar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kantibhai Parmar
|-
| 120 || [[Kapadvanj Assembly constituency|Kapadvanj]]
| 295584
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Manubhai Patel
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rajeshkumar Zala
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kalabhai Raijibhai Dabhi
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Mahisagar district|Mahisagar]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 121 || [[Balasinor Assembly constituency|Balasinor]]
| 284088
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Udeysinh Chauhan
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Mansinh Chauhan]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ajitsinh Parvatsinh Chauhan
|-
| 122 || [[Lunawada Assembly constituency|Lunawada]]
| 283928
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Natwarsinh Solanki
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jignesh Sevak
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Gulab Singh
|-
| 123 || [[Santrampur Assembly constituency|Santrampur]] (ST)
| 233219
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Parvat Vagodia Fauji
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kuber Dindor
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Gendalbhai Motibhai Damor
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]]
| rowspan="5" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 124 || [[Shehra Assembly constituency|Shehra]]
| 257669
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Takhatsinh Solanki
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Jethabhai Ahir]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Khatubhai Gulabbhai Pagi
|-
| 125 || [[Morva Hadaf Assembly constituency|Morva Hadaf]] (ST)
| 224543
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Banabhai Damor
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Nimisha Suthar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Snehlataben Khant
|-
| 126 || [[Godhra Assembly constituency|Godhra]]
| 276044
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Rajesh Patel Raju
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Chandrasinh Raulji
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rashmitaben Dhushyantsinh Chauhan
|-
| 127 || [[Kalol, Panchmahal Assembly constituency|Kalol (Panchmahal)]]
| 255752
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Dinesh Baria
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Fatesinh Chauhan
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Prabhat Singh
|-
| 128 || [[Halol Assembly constituency|Halol]]
| 269654
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Bharat Rathva
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jaydrathsinhji Parmar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rajendra Patel
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Dahod district|Dahod]]
| rowspan="6" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 129 || [[Fatepura Assembly constituency|Fatepura]] (ST)
| 247952
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Govind Parmar
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Ramesh Katara]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Raghu Machar
|-
| 130 || [[Jhalod Assembly constituency|Jhalod]] (ST)
| 265124
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Anil Garasiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Mahesh Bhuriya]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Mitesh Garasiya
|-
| 131 || [[Limkheda Assembly constituency|Limkheda]] (ST)
| 218497
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Naresh Punabhai Bariya
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Shailesh Bhabhor]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ramesh Gundiya
|-
| 132 || [[Dahod Assembly constituency|Dahod]] (ST)
| 272629
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Dinesh Muniya
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kanaiyalal Kishori
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Harshadbhai Ninama
|-
| 133 || [[Garbada Assembly constituency|Garbada]] (ST)
| 284107
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Shaileshbhai Bhabhor
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Mahendra Bhabhor]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Chandrikasen Baraiya
|-
| 134 || [[Devgadhbariya Assembly constituency|Devgadhbariya]]
| 260757
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Bharat Vakhala
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bachubhai Khabad
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 135 || [[Savli Assembly constituency|Savli]]
| 227601
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Vijay Chavda
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ketan Inamdar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kuldip Singh Raulji
|-
| 136 || [[Vaghodiya Assembly constituency|Vaghodiya]]
| 243473
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Gautam Rajput
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ashvin Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Satyajitsinh Duleepsinh Gaekwad
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Chhota Udaipur district|Chhota Udaipur]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 137 || [[Chhota Udaipur Assembly constituency|Chhota Udaipur]] (ST)
| 266268
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Arjun Rathva
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Rajendrasinh Rathva]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sangramsinh Naranbahi Rathwa
|-
| 138 || [[Jetpur, Chhota Udaipur (Gujarat Assembly constituency)|Jetpur (Chhota Udaipur)]] (ST)
| 265890
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Radhika Rathva
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Jayantibhai Rathva|Jayanti Rathwa]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sukhrambai Rathwa
|-
| 139 || [[Sankheda Assembly constituency|Sankheda]] (ST)
| 272090
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Ranjan Tadvi
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Abhesinh Tadvi
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bhil Chunilal
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
| rowspan="8" style="background:#365dff;color:white"|5 December 2022
| 140 || [[Dabhoi Assembly constituency|Dabhoi]]
| 228201
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Ajit Thakor
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Shailesh Sotta|Shailesh Mehta]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bal kishan Patel
|-
| 141 || [[Vadodara City Assembly constituency|Vadodara City]] (SC)
| 302901
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Jigar Solanki
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Manisha Vakil
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Gunvantrai Parmar
|-
| 142 || [[Sayajigunj Assembly constituency|Sayajigunj]]
| 298284
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Swejal Vyas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Keyur Rokadia]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Amee Ravat
|-
| 143 || [[Akota Assembly constituency|Akota]]
| 272295
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Shashank Khare
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Chaitanya Desai
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rutvik Joshi
|-
| 144 || [[Raopura Assembly constituency|Raopura]]
| 295457
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Hiren Shirke
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Balkrishna Khanderao Shukla|Balkrishna Shukla]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sanjay Patel
|-
| 145 || [[Manjalpur Assembly constituency|Manjalpur]]
| 260066
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Vinay Chavan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Yogesh Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Tashvin Singh
|-
| 146 || [[Padra Assembly constituency|Padra]]
| 234265
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Sandeep Singh Raj
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Chaitanyasinh Zala]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Jashpalsinh Padhiyar
|-
| 147 || [[Karjan Assembly constituency|Karjan]]
| 210883
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Paresh Patel
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Akshay Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Pritesh Patel(Pintu)
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Narmada district|Narmada]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 148 || [[Nandod Assembly constituency|Nandod]] (ST)
| 231615
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Praful Vasava
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Darshana Vasava
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Haresh Vasava
|-
| 149 || [[Dediapada Assembly constituency|Dediapada]] (ST)
| 218873
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| Chaitar Vasava
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Hitesh Vasava
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Jermaben Suklal Vasava
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]
| rowspan="5" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 150 || [[Jambusar Assembly constituency|Jambusar]]
| 238363
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Sajid Rehan
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[D. K. Swami|Devkishordasji Swami]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sanjay Solanki
|-
| 151 || [[Vagra Assembly constituency|Vagra]]
| 217064
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Jayraj Singh
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Arunsinh Rana]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Sulemanbhai Musabhai Patel
|-
| 152 || [[Jhagadiya Assembly constituency|Jhagadiya]] (ST)
| 254783
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Urmila Bhagat
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ritesh Vasava
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Fatehsingh Amanbhai Vasava
|-
| 153 || [[Bharuch Assembly constituency|Bharuch]]
| 287311
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Manhar Parmar
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Ramesh Mistry]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Jaykantbhai B Patel
|-
| 154 || [[Ankleshwar Assembly constituency|Ankleshwar]]
| 246185
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Ankur Patel
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ishwarsinh Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Vijaysinh Thakurbhai Patel
|-
| rowspan="16" |[[Surat district|Surat]]
| rowspan="16" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 155 || [[Olpad Assembly constituency|Olpad]]
| 444249
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Dharmik Malaviya
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Mukesh Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Darshankumar Nayak
|-
| 156 || [[Mangrol, Surat Assembly constituency|Mangrol (Surat)]] (ST)
| 220316
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Snehal Vasava
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ganpat Vasava
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Anilbhai Sumanbhai Chaudhari
|-
| 157 || [[Mandvi, Surat Assembly constituency|Mandvi (Surat)]] (ST)
| 243846
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Saynaben Gamit
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Kunvarji Halpati]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Anand Chaudhari]]
|-
| 158 || [[Kamrej Assembly constituency|Kamrej]]
| 536440
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Ram Dhaduk
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Praful Panseria
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Nileshkumar Kumbhani
|-
| 159 || [[Surat East Assembly constituency|Surat East]]
| 213664
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Arvind Rana
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Aslam Cyclewala
|-
| 160 || [[Surat North Assembly constituency|Surat North]]
| 162796
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Mahendra Navadiya
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Kanti Balar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Ashokbhai V Patel
|-
| 161 || [[Varachha Road Assembly constituency|Varachha Road]]
| 215306
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Alpesh Kathiriya
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kishor Kanani
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Praful Togadiya
|-
| 162 || [[Karanj Assembly constituency|Karanj]]
| 175809
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Manoj Sorathiya
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Pravin Ghoghari
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Smt Bharti Prakash Patel
|-
| 163 || [[Limbayat Assembly constituency|Limbayat]]
| 299658
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Pankaj Tayde
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sankita Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Gopalbhai Devidas Patil
|-
| 164 || [[Udhana Assembly constituency|Udhana]]
| 266771
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Mahendra Patil
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Manu Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Dhansukh B Rajput
|-
| 165 || [[Majura Assembly constituency|Majura]]
| 275925
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|P. V. S. Sarma
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Harsh Sanghavi]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Balwant Shantilal Jain
|-
| 166 || [[Katargam Assembly constituency|Katargam]]
| 318160
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|[[Gopal Italia]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Vinod Moradiya]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kalpesh Variya
|-
| 167 || [[Surat West Assembly constituency|Surat West]]
| 253691
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Moxesh Sanghvi
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Purnesh Modi
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sanjay Patwa
|-
| 168 || [[Choryasi Assembly constituency|Choryasi]]
| 548565
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Prakashbhai Contractor
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Sandip Desai]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Kantilalbhai Nanubhai Patel
|-
| 169 || [[Bardoli Assembly constituency|Bardoli]] (SC)
| 263601
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Rajendra Solanki
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ishwar Parmar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Pannaben Patel
|-
| 170 || [[Mahuva, Surat Assembly constituency|Mahuva (Surat)]] (ST)
| 227199
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Kunjan Patel Dhodiya
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Mohan Dhodiya
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Hemangini Garasiya
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Tapi district|Tapi]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 171 || [[Vyara Assembly constituency|Vyara]] (ST) || 220873
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Bipin Chaudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Mohan Kokani]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Punabhai Dhedabahi Gamit
|-
| 172 || [[Nizar Assembly constituency|Nizar]] (ST)
|278024
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Arvind Gamit
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Jayram Gamit]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Sunilbhai Ratanjibahi Gamit
|-
| [[Dang district, India|Dang]]
| style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 173 || [[Dangs Assembly constituency|Dangs]] (ST)
| 188585
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Sunil Gamit
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Vijaybhai Patel|Vijay Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Mukeshbhai Patel|Mukesh Patel]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Navsari district|Navsari]]
| rowspan="4" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 174 || [[Jalalpore Assembly constituency|Jalalpore]]
| 232573
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Pradeepkumar Mishra
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Rameshbhai Patel|Ramesh Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ranjit Panchal
|-
| 175 || [[Navsari Assembly constituency|Navsari]]
| 246752
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Upesh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Rakesh Desai]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Deepak Baroth
|-
| 176 || [[Gandevi Assembly constituency|Gandevi]] (ST)
| 288889
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Pankaj L. Patel
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Naresh Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ashokbhai Lallubhai Patel
|-
| 177 || [[Vansda Assembly constituency|Vansda]] (ST)
| 295850
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Pankaj Patel
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Piyush Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Anantkumar Hasmukhbhai Patel
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Valsad district|Valsad]]
| rowspan="5" style="background:#65cdf4;color:black"|1 December 2022
| 178 || [[Dharampur, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Dharampur]] (ST)
| 246816
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Kamlesh Patel
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Arvind Patel
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Kishanbhai Vestabhai Patel]]
|-
| 179 || [[Valsad Assembly constituency|Valsad]]
| 260425
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Raju Marcha
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatbhai Kikubhai Patel|Bharatbhai Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Kamalkumar Shantilal Patel
|-
| 180 || [[Pardi Assembly constituency|Pardi]]
| 255098
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Ketan Patel
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kanubhai Desai
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Jaishri Patel
|-
| 181 || [[Kaparada Assembly constituency|Kaprada]] (ST)
| 260248
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Jayendra Gavit
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jitubhai Chaudhry
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Vasant Patel
|-
| 182 || [[Umbergaon Assembly constituency|Umbergaon]] (ST)
| 278835
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Ashok Patel
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ramanlal Patkar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Naresh Valvi
|}<section end="Candidates"/>

==Issues==
=== Alcohol ===
Following the death of 50 people in [[2022 Gujarat toxic liquor deaths]], alcohol and drug consumption became an issue in the election.<ref>{{cite news |title=In 'dry' Gujarat, booze, drugs taking centre stage ahead of Assembly polls |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/aug/03/in-dry-gujarat-booze-drugs-taking-centre-stage-ahead-of-assembly-polls-2483566.html |access-date=4 August 2022 |work=The New Indian Express |date=3 August 2022 |archive-date=3 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803091138/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/aug/03/in-dry-gujarat-booze-drugs-taking-centre-stage-ahead-of-assembly-polls-2483566.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Congress demanded a probe by the sitting high court judge in the illegal liquor trade in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=July 30, 2022 |title=Congress demands judicial probe into Gujarat hooch tragedy |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/congress-demands-judicial-probe-into-gujarat-hooch-tragedy/article65699435.ece |access-date=September 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902124449/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/congress-demands-judicial-probe-into-gujarat-hooch-tragedy/article65699435.ece |archive-date=September 2, 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Former Congress president [[Rahul Gandhi]] publicly asked which "ruling forces" are "giving protection to these mafia".<ref>{{Cite news |agency=PTI |date=2022-07-29 |title=Which ruling forces are giving protection to spurious liquor mafias in State, asks Rahul Gandhi on Gujarat hooch tragedy |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/spurious-liquor-mafias-gujarat-hooch-tragedy-rahul-gandhi/article65697158.ece |access-date=2022-09-08 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908120733/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/spurious-liquor-mafias-gujarat-hooch-tragedy-rahul-gandhi/article65697158.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> AAP state president [[Gopal Italia]] had demanded an investigation by [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) in the incident.<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi raids: AAP demands CBI probe into hooch tragedy; Sisodia, Kejriwal to visit Gujarat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/surat/delhi-raids-aap-demands-cbi-probe-into-hooch-tragedy-sisodia-kejriwal-to-visit-gujarat-8102320/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=21 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827104958/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/surat/delhi-raids-aap-demands-cbi-probe-into-hooch-tragedy-sisodia-kejriwal-to-visit-gujarat-8102320/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Drugs ===
In September 2021, 2,988.22 kilograms (6,587.9 lb) of heroin was seized from two containers which arrived at [[Mundra Port]], from [[Bandar Abbas]] in Iran. Heroin was disguised as a consignment of semi-processed [[Soapstone|talc stones]] originating from [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandey |first=Devesh K. |date=2021-09-19 |title=Nearly 3,000 kg heroin seized at Mundra port in Gujarat |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nearly-3000-kg-heroin-seized-at-mundra-port-in-gujarat/article36553910.ece |access-date=2022-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903070304/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nearly-3000-kg-heroin-seized-at-mundra-port-in-gujarat/article36553910.ece |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The incident occurred again in May<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web |last=Bhatnagar |first=Isha |date=2022-05-27 |title=Congress attacks Centre after 52 kg drug seizure from Mundra port |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/congress-attacks-centre-after-52-kg-drug-seizure-from-mundra-port-101653656619279.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903071526/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/congress-attacks-centre-after-52-kg-drug-seizure-from-mundra-port-101653656619279.html |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> and July 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2022 |title=Gujarat Drug Seizure: Heroine Was To Be Routed Via Punjab, Says Top Cop |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarats-mundra-port-drug-seizure-consignment-was-to-be-routed-via-punjab-says-top-cop-3151306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903070518/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarats-mundra-port-drug-seizure-consignment-was-to-be-routed-via-punjab-says-top-cop-3151306 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=NDTV}}</ref> where 52 kg and 75 kg of drugs were seized from the port respectively. Notably, the Mundra Port was owned by <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gerry Shih |first=Niha Masih |date=August 24, 2022 |title=Fears for independent media in India as tycoon eyes major news channel |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/08/24/india-ndtv-adani-media-takover/ |access-date=September 12, 2022 |archive-date=25 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825091305/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/08/24/india-ndtv-adani-media-takover/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Gautam Adani]], founder of the [[Adani Group]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-09 |title=Mundra Port co is now Adani Ports and SEZ Ltd |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/mundra-port-co-is-now-adani-ports-and-sez-ltd/article64167458.ece |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=The Hindu Business Line |language=en |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912122101/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/mundra-port-co-is-now-adani-ports-and-sez-ltd/article64167458.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Congress criticized the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]-led government over their silence right after the September 2021 drug bust<ref>{{Cite news |author= |date=2021-10-01 |title=Congress questions silence of PM, HM on seizure of heroin in Gujarat |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/congress-questions-silence-of-pm-hm-on-seizure-of-heroin-in-gujarat/article36775327.ece |access-date=2022-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903072321/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/congress-questions-silence-of-pm-hm-on-seizure-of-heroin-in-gujarat/article36775327.ece |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and urged the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] to open a probe, alleging that a drug syndicate was operating from the port. It was also concerned that the drugs were sourced from [[Afghanistan]], saying the illegal sale of these drugs might be used against India by terrorists.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-24 |title=Here's why the Mundra drug seizure is a cause of concern |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/heres-why-the-mundra-drug-seizure-is-a-cause-of-concern-7503061.html |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912121833/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/heres-why-the-mundra-drug-seizure-is-a-cause-of-concern-7503061.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In May, when drugs were again seized at the Mundra Port,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-13 |title=Heroin worth Rs 350 crore seized from Adani Group-controlled Mundra port |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/heroin-worth-rs-350-crore-seized-from-adani-group-controlled-mundra-port/2592414/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=Financialexpress |language=en |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912121152/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/heroin-worth-rs-350-crore-seized-from-adani-group-controlled-mundra-port/2592414/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Congress again criticized the government asking why drugs were repeatedly found in the coastline of Gujarat.<ref name="auto5"/>

AAP also registered their protest on the issue of drug seizure.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 September 2022 |title=Drugs entering through Guj port smuggled to Punjab and other states, says Kejriwal on eve of two-day Ahmedabad visit |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/drugs-entering-through-guj-port-smuggled-to-punjab-and-other-states-says-kejriwal-on-eve-of-two-day-ahmedabad-visit/articleshow/94137390.cms |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015220332/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/drugs-entering-through-guj-port-smuggled-to-punjab-and-other-states-says-kejriwal-on-eve-of-two-day-ahmedabad-visit/articleshow/94137390.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gujarat ATS after seized 350 kg heroin drugs said that since Gujarat being on coast has become a preferred route for drug smuggling, the State and federal agencies have seized drug cargos upon landing.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Langa |first=Mahesh |date=2022-10-08 |title=Heroin worth ₹350 crore seized from Pakistani boat |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ats-coast-guard-seize-50-kg-heroin-worth-350-crore-from-pakistani-boat-off-gujarat/article65983819.ece |access-date=2022-11-04 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=4 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104152443/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ats-coast-guard-seize-50-kg-heroin-worth-350-crore-from-pakistani-boat-off-gujarat/article65983819.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Corruption ===
The written examination for recruitment of head clerks was held on 12 December 2021 in which with 88,000 aspirants had appeared for 186 vacancies. The exam was conducted by Gujarat Subordinate Service Selection Board (GSSSB). INC alleged that [[Asit Vora]], a BJP leader served as the chairman of GSSSB is mastermind behind this.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-08 |title=GSSSB chairman Asit Vora quits after paper leak row |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/news/gsssb-chairman-asit-vora-quits-after-paper-leak-row-101644300885056.html |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021114939/https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/news/gsssb-chairman-asit-vora-quits-after-paper-leak-row-101644300885056.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A total of 36 people from Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Sabarkantha were arrested in the case, including alleged mastermind Tushar Mer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-11 |title='Mastermind' behind head clerk exam paper leak arrested from Sabarkantha |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/mastermind-behind-head-clerk-exam-paper-leak-arrested-from-sabarkantha-7965145/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021115423/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/mastermind-behind-head-clerk-exam-paper-leak-arrested-from-sabarkantha-7965145/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

AAP had alleged that before the examination, the question paper was leaked and sold at cost of Rs 8-12 lakh. Later on Gujarat government annulled the exam and announced re-examination scheduled for March 2022.<ref name="GSSSB protest" /> 500 supporters of AAP staged a protest outside BJP, Gandhinagar Office demanding the removal of BJP leader Asit Vora from the post of chairman of the GSSSB. BJP workers clashed with AAP protestors and the police resorted to lathicharge. BJP leader filed police case against AAP. Ninety-three AAP members were arrested including 28 women. AAP president Italia, AAP women's wing and youth wing presidents were among those arrested. Italia and other AAP leaders spent 10 days in prison before getting bail.<ref name="GSSSB protest">{{cite news |title=Gujarat: 65 AAP leaders held for protesting outside BJP headquarters get bail |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-aap-leaders-protest-bail-bjp-exam-paper-leak-7697846/ |access-date=7 August 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=30 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=7 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807095325/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-aap-leaders-protest-bail-bjp-exam-paper-leak-7697846/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

AAP highlighted the rampant corruption leading to paper leaks for the examinations conducted by the state government being reported since 2015. [[Delhi chief minister|Delhi Chief Minister]] [[Arvind Kejriwal]] compared it with the [[Vyapam scam]] in Madhya Pradesh and called recruitment exams in Gujarat as Maha Vyapam Scam (great Vyapam Scam). AAP promised to create laws that would punish the paper leaking offence with ten years of punishment.<ref name="Maha Vyapam">{{cite news |title='Maha Vyapam scam' in Gujarat: Kejriwal promises 10-year jail if AAP comes to power |url=https://www.news9live.com/india/maha-vyapam-scam-in-gujarat-kejriwal-promises-10-year-jail-if-aap-comes-to-power-191360 |access-date=27 August 2022 |work=NEWS9LIVE |date=23 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827084328/https://www.news9live.com/india/maha-vyapam-scam-in-gujarat-kejriwal-promises-10-year-jail-if-aap-comes-to-power-191360 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Congress slammed the government over the paper leaks for the recruitment examinations.<ref>{{Cite news |author= |date=2021-12-17 |title=Six held in Gujarat over recruitment exam paper leak |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/six-held-in-gujarat-over-recruitment-exam-paper-leak/article37978441.ece |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903044334/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/six-held-in-gujarat-over-recruitment-exam-paper-leak/article37978441.ece |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> They also held a mock assembly in Gandhinagar, highlighting the plight of thousands of job-seekers who had taken the now-cancelled head clerk recruitment exam. All Congress MLAs and party leaders took part in the mock assembly. Leader of the Opposition and senior Congress leader [[Sukhram Rathva|Sukhram Rathwa]] urged the Gujarat government to conduct a judicial inquiry through a sitting HC judge on the series of exam paper leaks, saying it amounts to cheating the youth of Gujarat. He also alleged that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] were behind the paper leaks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-07-16 |title=Referring mock assembly session issue to Privileges Committee is unconstitutional |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/referring-mock-assembly-session-issue-to-privileges-committee-is-unconstitutional/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=16 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916044536/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/referring-mock-assembly-session-issue-to-privileges-committee-is-unconstitutional/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Congress MLAs protested against the paper leaks in the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|assembly]], standing from their seats and displaying posters in connection with the leak, causing the assembly to be adjourned for 15 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-28 |title=Gujarat assembly adjourned after Congress MLAs protest over alleged paper leak |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/gandhinagar/gujarat-assembly-adjourned-congress-protest-paper-leak-7840644/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903044449/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/gandhinagar/gujarat-assembly-adjourned-congress-protest-paper-leak-7840644/ |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The Congress also staged a protest at Koba, Gandhinagar demanding Asit Vora to resign.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-21 |title=Gujarat: Congress Protests In Ahmedabad Against Sonia Gandhi's Questioning By ED |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/gujarat-congress-protests-in-ahmedabad-against-sonia-gandhi-s-questioning-by-ed-news-211019 |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Outlook India |language=en |archive-date=16 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916043757/https://www.outlookindia.com/national/gujarat-congress-protests-in-ahmedabad-against-sonia-gandhi-s-questioning-by-ed-news-211019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Agriculture ===
In March, thousands of farmers across Gujarat were protesting at their taluka and district headquarters demanding adequate power supply to save standing crops.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Langa |first=Mahesh |date=2022-03-25 |title=Farmers protest across Gujarat over inadequate power supply |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/farmers-protest-across-gujarat-over-inadequate-power-supply/article65259865.ece |access-date=2022-09-04 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904103057/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/farmers-protest-across-gujarat-over-inadequate-power-supply/article65259865.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Unemployment ===
As per a survey conducted by [[ABP News]], unemployment was the biggest issue for people in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-02 |title=ABP CVoter Survey: Unemployment Biggest Issue For Voters In Gujarat, Himachal. Know Key Factors |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/abp-cvoter-survey-unemployment-biggest-issue-for-voters-in-gujarat-and-himachal-pradesh-know-key-poll-factors-1556289 |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> However, as per the quarterly bulletin of the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), Gujarat has among the lowest rates of unemployment in urban areas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozgar Mela |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/rozgar-mela-pm-modi-drive-comes-oppn-raises-heat-jobs-gujarat-himachal-8225331/ |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=indianexpress.com/}}</ref> As per Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) estimates - April–June 2022 bulletin, unemployment rate in Gujarat was 3.3%, lesser than the national average.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PLFS |url=https://mospi.gov.in/documents/213904/301563//Quarterly%20Bulletin%20PLFS%20April%20June%2020221661945175911.pdf/c904e4b1-c5c8-2421-53f9-8e064e0db20a |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=mospi.gov.in/ |archive-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030020646/https://mospi.gov.in/documents/213904/301563/Quarterly%20Bulletin%20PLFS%20April%20June%2020221661945175911.pdf/c904e4b1-c5c8-2421-53f9-8e064e0db20a |url-status=live }}</ref>

There were four lakh unemployed people registered with the state's Employment Exchange Department in March 2021, out of which 3,85,506 were literate and just five percent were semi-skilled.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=2022-06-19 |title=In Gujarat, jobless numbers rising, but unemployment still not a poll issue |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/in-gujarat-jobless-numbers-rising-but-unemployment-still-not-a-poll-issue-122061900263_1.html |access-date=2022-09-04 |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904103052/https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/in-gujarat-jobless-numbers-rising-but-unemployment-still-not-a-poll-issue-122061900263_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to state budget figures released in March 2022, there are 3,46,436 educated and 17,816 semi-literate unemployed youth in Gujarat that have been registered with various employment exchanges and the government of Gujarat was able to give jobs to only 0.35% of unemployed youth over the last 2 years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-23 |title=Jobs at the centre of Gujarat poll tussle |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/may/23/jobs-at-centre-of-gujarat-poll-tussle-2456856.html |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-09 |title=Nearly 3.64 lakh educated but unemployed youths in Gujarat: Govt tells Assembly |url=https://theprint.in/india/nearly-3-64-lakh-educated-but-unemployed-youths-in-gujarat-govt-tells-assembly/865455/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021210433/https://theprint.in/india/nearly-3-64-lakh-educated-but-unemployed-youths-in-gujarat-govt-tells-assembly/865455/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Education ===
About 700 government schools in Gujarat function with only one teacher each. As many as 8,500 other primary schools have only two teachers each.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Moushumi Das |date=2022-05-02 |title=Class 5 students as teachers, low attendance — Gujarat govt schools don't paint 'vibrant' picture |url=https://theprint.in/india/education/class-5-students-as-teachers-low-attendance-gujarat-govt-schools-dont-paint-vibrant-picture/935828/ |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904103053/https://theprint.in/india/education/class-5-students-as-teachers-low-attendance-gujarat-govt-schools-dont-paint-vibrant-picture/935828/ |url-status=live }}</ref> According to a top study by the Annual Status of Education Report 2014, only 9.8% of the children in rural Gujarat studying in class V could read English sentences, compared to the all-India average of 24%. It was the second lowest amount of class V students able to read English compared to the rural areas of all the other states.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Rajiv |date=19 January 2015 |title=Gujarat fails to promote English five years after it launched a program to teach the language via satellite |url=https://www.counterview.net/2015/01/gujarat-fails-to-promote-english-five.html |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Counterview |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106114533/https://www.counterview.net/2015/01/gujarat-fails-to-promote-english-five.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-14 |title=State of education: Half of Class V can't read Class II text |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/half-of-class-v-cant-read-class-ii-text/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419234851/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/half-of-class-v-cant-read-class-ii-text/ |archive-date=19 April 2022 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

According to government statistics, Gujarat had a high annual dropout rate of 24% in secondary classes (grade 9-10) compared to other states.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishnan |first=Jasmin Nihalani & Vignesh |date=2022-11-15 |title=Poll-bound Gujarat ranks among the lowest in socio-environmental measures, regressed in last 15 years |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/data/poll-bound-gujarat-ranks-among-the-lowest-in-socio-environmental-measures-regressed-in-last-15-years/article66135616.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2022-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121123817/https://www.thehindu.com/data/poll-bound-gujarat-ranks-among-the-lowest-in-socio-environmental-measures-regressed-in-last-15-years/article66135616.ece |archive-date=2022-11-21 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Price Rise ===

In April, the Congress held protests in several cities throughout Gujarat against rising fuel prices and inflation. In [[Amraiwadi]], Congress workers brought empty LPG cylinders and a hard paper cutout of a fuel dispenser during their protest against fuel and cooking gas prices. They also held protests in several other cities where they burnt effigies, held protest sit-ins and even clashed with the police. Around a dozen Congress workers were then detained by the police for burning effigies and protesting without permission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-02 |title=Oppn parties hold protests against fuel price hike |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/oppn-parties-hold-protests-against-fuel-price-hike-7848863/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903050050/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/oppn-parties-hold-protests-against-fuel-price-hike-7848863/ |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> On 16 May, Congress workers again held a protest against price rise in Rajkot,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quint |first=The |date=2022-05-16 |title=30 Congress Workers Detained in Gujarat's Rajkot Amid Protest Against Price Rise |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/congress-workers-detained-gujarat-rajkot-protest-rising-prices-fuel-vegetables-cng-lpg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904052807/https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/congress-workers-detained-gujarat-rajkot-protest-rising-prices-fuel-vegetables-cng-lpg |archive-date=September 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref> led by Rajkot city president Arjun Khatariya. This led to 30 Congress workers being detained by the police, including Khatariya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quint |first=The |date=2022-05-16 |title=30 Congress Workers Detained in Gujarat's Rajkot Amid Protest Against Price Rise |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/congress-workers-detained-gujarat-rajkot-protest-rising-prices-fuel-vegetables-cng-lpg |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=TheQuint |language=en |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904052807/https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/congress-workers-detained-gujarat-rajkot-protest-rising-prices-fuel-vegetables-cng-lpg |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Campaigns==
=== Aam Aadmi Party ===
[[Aam Aadmi Party, Gujarat]] started its election campaign for Gujarat on 2 April with a [[Padayatra]].<ref name="Deccan Herald 17 March 2022">{{cite news |title=Ahead of Assembly polls, Kejriwal, Mann to hit campaign trail in Gujarat |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/ahead-of-assembly-polls-kejriwal-mann-to-hit-campaign-trail-in-gujarat-1092273.html |access-date=19 March 2022 |work=Deccan Herald |date=17 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317162811/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/ahead-of-assembly-polls-kejriwal-mann-to-hit-campaign-trail-in-gujarat-1092273.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2022, AAP declared its alliance with [[Bharatiya Tribal Party]] for the assembly elections.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-01 |title=Guj Assembly polls: Aam Aadmi Party announces alliance with Indian Tribal Party |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/guj-assembly-polls-aam-aadmi-party-announces-alliance-with-indian-tribal-party-10621571.html |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515223945/https://www.firstpost.com/politics/guj-assembly-polls-aam-aadmi-party-announces-alliance-with-indian-tribal-party-10621571.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the alliance was called off in September 2022.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-13 |title=Bharatiya Tribal Party ends ties with AAP for Gujarat polls |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/bharatiya-tribal-party-ends-ties-with-aap-for-gujarat-polls-8147399/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103133042/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/bharatiya-tribal-party-ends-ties-with-aap-for-gujarat-polls-8147399/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 2 August 2022, Kejriwal addressed a public rally in Veraval, Saurashtra and announced "guarantees."<ref>{{cite news |title=Gujarat Assembly Elections: AAP releases first list of 10 candidates, check all names |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-aap-gujarat-assembly-elections-first-list-10-candidates-check-all-names-aam-aami-party-2973337 |access-date=2 August 2022 |work=DNA India |date=2 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802102142/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-aap-gujarat-assembly-elections-first-list-10-candidates-check-all-names-aam-aami-party-2973337 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Arvind Kejriwal intensifies Gujarat campaign amid crisis in Delhi |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/arvind-kejriwal-intensifies-gujarat-campaign-amid-crisis-in-delhi-1139730.html |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=Deccan Herald |date=27 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> AAP has announced Rozgaar Guarantee Yatra in three districts of North Gujarat namely Patan, Sabarkantha and Banaskantha. The campaign would appeal to the unemployed youth.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gujarat AAP to hold Rozgaar Guarantee Yatra in 3 districts: Yuvrajsinh Jadeja |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-aap-to-hold-rozgaar-guarantee-yatra-in-3-districts-yuvrajsinh-jadeja-8109982/ |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=24 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824184257/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-aap-to-hold-rozgaar-guarantee-yatra-in-3-districts-yuvrajsinh-jadeja-8109982/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 2 September Kejriwal announced five guarantees for farmers in Devbhumi Dwarka district.<ref name="Guarantee 2 Sept" /><ref name="Maha Vyapam" />

In the months leading to the election, several protests were held in the state where AAP supported the protestors.<ref name=":3">{{cite news |title=Gujarat government reels under series of protests as Assembly polls approach |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/gujarat-government-reels-under-series-of-protests-as-assembly-polls-approach-1146588.html |access-date=20 September 2022 |work=Deccan Herald |date=20 September 2022 |language=en |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920063701/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/gujarat-government-reels-under-series-of-protests-as-assembly-polls-approach-1146588.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Isudan Gadhvi]] was announced as the Chief Minister candidate on 4 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-04 |title=Isudan Gadhvi is AAP's chief minister candidate for Gujarat polls: Kejriwal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/isudan-gadhvi-is-aap-chief-minister-candidate-for-gujarat-polls-says-kejriwal-101667551899426.html |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130140942/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/isudan-gadhvi-is-aap-chief-minister-candidate-for-gujarat-polls-says-kejriwal-101667551899426.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-04 |title=AAP announces Isudan Gadhvi as Gujarat CM candidate |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/isudan-gadhvi-aap-cm-candidate-gujarat-8249447/ |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117075354/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/isudan-gadhvi-aap-cm-candidate-gujarat-8249447/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Manifesto====


<onlyinclude>
* '''Education''': free education in government schools.<ref name="Guarantee 2 Sept" /> A school will be started in each of the 18,000 village panchayats.<ref name="village heads" />
* '''Healthcare''': free and quality health-care facilities for all.<ref name="Guarantee 2 Sept" /><ref name="AAP Healthcare">{{cite news |title=In Gujarat, Arvind Kejriwal's "Magnificent" Five Pledges For Healthcare |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-gujarat-arvind-kejriwals-magnificent-five-pledges-for-healthcare-3275776 |access-date=6 September 2022 |work=NDTV.com |date=22 August 2022 |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903210043/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-gujarat-arvind-kejriwals-magnificent-five-pledges-for-healthcare-3275776 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mohalla clinic]] in each village and ward.<ref name="village heads" /><ref name="AAP Healthcare" /> Free treatment in case of an accident.<ref name="AAP Healthcare" />
* '''Employment''':15 lakh government jobs and ₹3000 monthly unemployment allowance.<ref name="Maha Vyapam" /><ref name="Guarantee 9 Aug" />
* '''Women''': a monthly allowance of Rs 1,000 for women.<ref name="Guarantee 2 Sept" />
* '''Electricity''': 300 units of free electricity every month.<ref name="Guarantee 2 Sept">{{cite news |title=Free power for 12 hours, loan waiver: Kejriwal announces guarantees to poll-bound Gujarat |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/sep/02/free-power-for-12-hoursloan-waiver-kejriwal-announces-guarantees-to-poll-bound-gujarat-2494151.html |access-date=5 September 2022 |work=The New Indian Express |date=2 September 2022 |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903065104/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/sep/02/free-power-for-12-hoursloan-waiver-kejriwal-announces-guarantees-to-poll-bound-gujarat-2494151.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Financial savings''': AAP distributed pamphlets during its election campaign, with a list of savings every household will potentially make if AAP comes to power in Gujarat. AAP had calculated a savings of ₹ 11.13 lakh over five years per household. The savings included ₹ 27,600 from subsidised electricity, ₹ 72,000 for annual school fees of two children of a family, ₹ 36,000 in healthcare benefits, ₹ 17,000 towards free pilgrimage for aged persons. An income of ₹ 36,000 for unemployed youth at the rate of ₹ 3,000 per month. Another income of ₹ 24,000 was shown for two adult females of each household at the rate of Rs 1,000 per month. A saving of ₹ 10,000 spent on bribes annually was also included as AAP promised a corruption-free government that will no longer require families to bribe government officials.<ref name="Guarantee 7 August">{{cite news |date=7 August 2022 |title=Kejriwal declares six-point guarantee for tribals in Gujarat, slams BJP govt over hooch tragedy |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/kejriwal-declares-six-point-guarantee-for-tribals-in-gujarat-slams-bjp-govt-over-hooch-tragedy-8076452/ |access-date=5 September 2022 |archive-date=5 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905181952/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/kejriwal-declares-six-point-guarantee-for-tribals-in-gujarat-slams-bjp-govt-over-hooch-tragedy-8076452/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Agriculture''': ₹2 Lakh worth loan waivers, higher [[Minimum support price (India)|MSP]], minimum 12 hours of power supply for irrigation, compensation of Rs 20,000 per acre of land in case of crop failure, land resurvey.<ref>{{cite news |date=2022-09-02 |title=Arvind Kejriwal promises loan waiver and higher MSP for farmers in Gujarat |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/arvind-kejriwal-promises-loan-waiver-and-higher-msp-for-farmers-in-gujarat/article65841894.ece?homepage=true |access-date=2022-09-02 |archive-date=2 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902170705/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/arvind-kejriwal-promises-loan-waiver-and-higher-msp-for-farmers-in-gujarat/article65841894.ece?homepage=true |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Guarantee 2 Sept" />
* '''Tribals''': implementation of [[Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996]] (PESA) Act that gives special powers to Gram Sabhas (village councils) in the management of natural resources,<ref name="Guarantee 9 Aug">{{cite news |title=Arvind Kejriwal In Gujarat On Wednesday, To Announce Another Pre-Poll 'Guarantee' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/arvind-kejriwal-in-gujarat-on-wednesday-to-announce-another-pre-poll-guarantee--news-215246 |access-date=5 September 2022 |work=Outlook India |date=9 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Guarantee 10 Aug">{{cite news |title=Kejriwal to announce another pre-poll 'guarantee' in Gujarat visit |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kejriwal-to-announce-another-pre-poll-guarantee-in-gujarat-visit-101660101353366.html |access-date=5 September 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=5 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905182536/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kejriwal-to-announce-another-pre-poll-guarantee-in-gujarat-visit-101660101353366.html |url-status=live }}</ref> formation of a Tribal Advisory Council (TAC) headed by a tribal leader,<ref name="Guarantee 7 August" /> residential schools for tribal children to teach tribal history, language, culture, and traditions and also to carry out research on these topics.<ref name="Guarantee 7 August" />
* '''Villages''':
:# Village heads to be provided a fixed salary of ₹10,000<ref name="village heads">{{cite news |last1=Langa |first1=Mahesh |title=Fixed salary of ₹10,000 to village heads if AAP is voted to power in Gujarat, says Kejriwal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/fixed-salary-of-10000-to-village-heads-if-aap-is-voted-to-power-in-gujarat-says-kejriwal/article65846136.ece |access-date=6 September 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=3 September 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
:# Development grant of ₹10 lakh to each village every year to develop infrastructure and civic amenities in the villages<ref name="village heads" />
:# Village Computer Entrepreneurs (VCEs) who work on commission basis to get a salary of ₹20,000<ref name="village heads" />
* '''Traders''': involvement of the trading community in the government's decision-making process and an end of the 'raid raj' (raid regime).<ref name="Guarantee 9 Aug" />
* ₹1 crore compensation for policemen killed in the line of duty.<ref name="AAP Healthcare" />
* Raising salaries of public transport staff.<ref name="AAP Healthcare" />
* Implementation of the Old Pension Scheme.<ref>{{cite news |title=AAP will implement Old Pension Scheme if elected in Gujarat: Arvind Kejriwal |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/aap-will-implement-old-pension-scheme-if-elected-in-gujarat-arvind-kejriwal/cid/1887754 |access-date=28 September 2022 |work=www.telegraphindia.com |date=20 September 2022 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928150828/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/aap-will-implement-old-pension-scheme-if-elected-in-gujarat-arvind-kejriwal/cid/1887754 |url-status=live }}</ref></onlyinclude>

=== Bharatiya Janata Party ===
On 20 September, while flagging off e-bikes for Namo Kisan Panchayat programme in Gujarat, BJP National President [[J. P. Nadda]] listed out the welfare schemes for farmers rolled out by the Central government schemes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2022-09-20 |title=Nadda flags off e-bikes for Namo Kisan Panchayat programme in Gujarat, lists out Centre's welfare scheme for farmers |url=https://theprint.in/india/nadda-flags-off-e-bikes-for-namo-kisan-panchayat-programme-in-gujarat-lists-out-centres-welfare-scheme-for-farmers/1135421/ |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004142459/https://theprint.in/india/nadda-flags-off-e-bikes-for-namo-kisan-panchayat-programme-in-gujarat-lists-out-centres-welfare-scheme-for-farmers/1135421/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

12 Union ministers, including Smriti Irani, Kiren Rijiju, Giriraj Singh, and others, will start their poll campaign in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=12 Union ministers to visit Gujarat as BJP ramps up campaign in poll-bound state |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/gujarat-assembly-polls-2022/story/union-ministers-to-visit-gujarat-as-bjp-ramps-up-campaign-in-poll-bound-state-2008770-2022-10-05 |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020165254/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/gujarat-assembly-polls-2022/story/union-ministers-to-visit-gujarat-as-bjp-ramps-up-campaign-in-poll-bound-state-2008770-2022-10-05 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] held roadshows in [[Surat]] and [[Bhavnagar]] on 29 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Langa |first=Mahesh |date=2022-09-29 |title=Prime Minister Narendra Modi kicks off two-day State visit to Gujarat in pre-poll outreach |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/pm-modi-reaches-gujarat-on-two-day-state-visit/article65949579.ece |access-date=2022-10-07 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007123214/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/pm-modi-reaches-gujarat-on-two-day-state-visit/article65949579.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gujarat CM Bhupendra Patel along with Modi held a rally in Rajkot on 19 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-19 |title=PM Modi Holds Roadshow In Rajkot |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/pm-modi-holds-roadshow-in-rajkot-news-231233 |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=outlookindia.com |language=en |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020123627/https://www.outlookindia.com/national/pm-modi-holds-roadshow-in-rajkot-news-231233 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Manifesto====
<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-26 |title=BJP announces 'Sankalp Patra' Manifesto for Gujarat Elections 2022 |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/11/26/bjp-announces-sankalp-patra-manifesto-for-gujarat-elections-2022/ |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208114113/https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/11/26/bjp-announces-sankalp-patra-manifesto-for-gujarat-elections-2022/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-11-26 |title=BJP's Manifesto For Gujarat Polls Promises Anti-Radicalisation Cell, Law For Property Damage |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/gujarat-election-2022-bjp-promises-20-lakh-employment-opportunities-to-the-youth-in-manifesto-1565801 |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=[[ABP News]] |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073621/https://news.abplive.com/elections/gujarat-election-2022-bjp-promises-20-lakh-employment-opportunities-to-the-youth-in-manifesto-1565801 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-26 |title=In Gujarat, BJP promises 20 lakh jobs, Uniform Civil Code implementation |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/gujarat-polls-bjp-manifesto-promises-20-lakh-jobs-free-medical-ucc-impl-101669450794644.html |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128033757/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/gujarat-polls-bjp-manifesto-promises-20-lakh-jobs-free-medical-ucc-impl-101669450794644.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP Manifesto For Gujarat : 5 साल में 20 लाख रोजगार, लड़कियों को मुफ्त इलेक्ट्रिक स्कूटी; गुजरात चुनाव के लिए BJP का घोषणापत्र जारी |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/gujarat/story-bjp-manifesto-for-gujarat-bjp-chief-jp-nadda-realeases-manifesto-for-gujarat-assembly-election-7406854.html |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=Hindustan |language=hindi |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128085855/https://www.livehindustan.com/gujarat/story-bjp-manifesto-for-gujarat-bjp-chief-jp-nadda-realeases-manifesto-for-gujarat-assembly-election-7406854.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first= |title=Official Manifesto:Agresar Gujarat |url=https://www.agresargujarat.com/SankalpPatraEng2022.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104093406/https://www.agresargujarat.com/SankalpPatraEng2022.pdf |archive-date=2023-01-04 |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=www.agresargujarat.com |language=en}}</ref>

 <section begin="Manifesto"/>
* '''$1 trillion Economy and FDI''': We will make Gujarat a $1 trillion economy by maintaining its pole position in manufacturing, focusing on services and investing in human and institutional capacity-building for new-age industries. We will attract ₹5 lakh crore foreign investment and make Gujarat the Defence and Aviation Manufacturing Hub of India.

* '''Urban Infrastructure Beautification''': We will spend ₹25,000 crore under the Gujarat Urban Development Mission to transform the urban landscape with a focus on decongesting the existing cities (Satellite Townships) and increasing ease of living (Riverfront, Recreational Parks, Urban Forests, Traffic Management Systems) for citizens.

* '''Olympics in Gujarat''': We will launch Gujarat Olympics Mission and create world-class sports infrastructure with an aim to host the [[Bids for the 2036 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games in 2036.]]

* '''Agri Infra''': We will invest ₹10,000 crore under Gujarat Krishi Infrastructure Kosh to develop a holistic system of Khedut Mandis, modern APMCs, sorting and grading units, cold chains, warehouses, primary processing centres, etc.

* '''Irrigration Project''': We will invest ₹25,000 crore to expand the existing irrigation network through projects such as Sujalam Sufalam, SAUNI, lift irrigation projects, micro irrigation, drip irrigation and other systems across Gujarat.

* '''Gaushala''': We will ensure holistic care for livestock by strengthening Gaushalas (additional budget of ₹500 crore), setting up 1,000 additional Mobile Veterinary Units and ensuring complete vaccination and insurance.

* '''Sea Food Park, corridor and Fishing Infra''':We will set up 2 Sea Food Parks (one each in South Gujarat and Saurashtra), build India’s first Blue Economy Industrial Corridor and strengthen fishing related infrastructure (jetties, cold supply chain and mechanisation of boats).

* '''Healthcare''': We will double the annual cap under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (Ayushman Bharat) from ₹5 lakh to ₹10 lakh per family and ensure free-of-cost medical treatment.

* '''Diagnostic Scheme''': We will launch the Mukhyamantri Free Diagnostic Scheme with a corpus of ₹110 crore to provide free-of-cost diagnostic services in all government health institutions and empanelled laboratories for EWS households.

* '''Medical Colleges''': We will create a ₹10,000 crore Maharaja Shri Bhagvatsinhji Swasthya Kosh to set up 3 Civil Medicities, 2 AIIMS-grade institutions, and upgrade infrastructure at existing healthcare facilities (Hospitals, CHCs and PHCs).

* '''Building School of Excellence''': We will convert 20,000 government schools into Schools of Excellence with a budget of ₹10,000 crore in the next 5 years.

* '''Upgrading School Infra''': We will launch Keshavram Kashiram Shastri Higher Education Transformation Fund with a budget of ₹1,000 crore, to construct new government colleges and revamp the existing colleges and universities with state-of-the-art facilities.

* '''20 lakh Jobs''': We will provide 20 lakh employment opportunities to the youth of Gujarat in the next 5 years.

* '''4 Industrial College''': We will establish 4 Gujarat Institute of Technology (GIT) on the lines of IITs as Centres of Excellence in the areas of Green Energy, Semiconductors, FinTech, and Aerospace.

* '''PM Awas Yojna-House Allocation''': We will ensure that every citizen in Gujarat has a pucca house and ensure 100% implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.

* '''Family Card Yojana''': We will launch a Family Card Yojana, which will enable every family to avail benefits of all State Government-run welfare schemes.

* '''Ration''': We will provide 1 litre of edible oil four times a year and 1 kg subsidised chana per month at subsidised rates through the PDS system.

* '''Ration Home Delivery''': We will initiate mobile delivery of ration across all 56 Tribal Sub Plan Talukas.

* '''Tribals Development''': We will spend ₹1 lakh crore under the Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana 2.0 for the all-round socio-economic development of tribals.

* '''Religious Development''': We will construct a Birsa Munda Adi Jati Samriddhi Corridor between Ambaji and Umergram to spur growth by connecting every tribal district’s headquarters with a 4-6 lane state highway, and by constructing a tribal cultural circuit to connect Pal Dadhvaav and the Statue of Unity to Shabari Dham.

* '''Building Medical Colleges''': We will ensure state-of-the-art healthcare facilities in tribal areas by setting up 8 medical colleges, and 10 nursing/para-medical colleges.

* '''Set-up 8 GIDCs''': We will set up 8 GIDCs in the tribal belt to generate employment opportunities for tribal youth.

* '''Education''': We will set up 25 Birsa Munda Gyan Shakti Residential Schools to provide the best residential schooling facilities to 75,000 meritorious students from the tribal community.

* '''Free Education''': We will provide free-of-cost, quality education to all female students from KG to PG.

* '''Free E-scooters to Female''': We will start Sharda Mehta Yojana to provide free two-wheelers (electric scooters) to meritorious college-going female students from financially weak households.

* '''Free Bus to Female''': We will provide free bus travel to female senior citizens in the state.

* '''1 lakh Government Jobs''': We will create more than 1 lakh government jobs for women in the next 5 years.

* '''Shramik Credit Cards''': We will introduce Shramik Credit Cards for labourers to provide them with collateral-free loans up to ₹2 lakh.

* '''₹50000 to ranker''': We will provide a one-time incentive grant of ₹50,000 for OBC/ST/SC/EWS students who get into a NIRF top-ranking institution in India or a top-ranking world institution for higher education.

* '''[[Uniform Civil Code]]''': We will ensure the complete implementation of the Gujarat Uniform Civil Code Committee’s recommendation.

* '''Anti-Radicalisation Cell''': We will create an Anti-Radicalisation Cell to identify and eliminate potential threats, and sleeper cells of the terrorist organisations and anti-India forces.

* '''Public-Privat Damage Recovery Act''': We will enact the Gujarat Recovery of Damages of Public and Private Properties Act to recover damages done to public and private properties by anti-social elements during riots, violent protests, unrest, etc.

* '''Police Modernization''': We will spend over ₹1,000 crore on Police Force modernisation to strengthen the physical infrastructure, purchasing best-in-class weapons and equipment, and building India’s most robust IT infrastructure.

* '''Highways''': We will develop the first-of-its-kind Parikrama Path of 3,000 km encircling the whole state with 4-6 lane roads/ highways by constructing a South Eastern Peripheral Highway and North Western Peripheral Highway.

* '''Corridors''': We will develop Gujarat Link Corridors by completing the missing links and augmenting the existing highways through the East-West Corridor connecting Dahod with Porbandar and North-South Corridor connecting Palanpur to Valsad.

* '''Exressway''': We will develop a Saurashtra Express Highway Grid to provide seamless connectivity between important economic hubs and national highways.

* '''Metro''': We will ensure time-bound completion of Gandhinagar and Surat Metro, and kick-start work on Saurashtra (Rajkot) and Central Gujarat’s (Vadodara) first metro rail service.

* '''Dharmic Infrastructure''': We will build a Devbhumi Dwarka Corridor to establish it as western India’s biggest spiritual centre, consisting of the "World’s tallest Shree Krishna statue", a 3D immersive Bhagwat Gita experience zone and a viewing gallery for the lost city of Dwarka.

* '''Renovate Temples''': We will invest ₹1,000 crore to renovate, expand and promote temples, following the successful transformation model of Somnath, Ambaji and Pavagadh.

* '''Cultural''': We will invest ₹2,500 crore to promote Gujarat’s culture at the national and international levels by building museums, centres for performing arts, Sardar Patel Bhawan, etc.

=== Indian National Congress ===
Former Congress president [[Rahul Gandhi]] launched the party's campaign in [[Gujarat]] on 5 September 2022.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |last1=Langa |first1=Mahesh |title=Rahul Gandhi announces slew of promises in poll-bound Gujarat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rahul-gandhi-announces-slew-of-promises-in-poll-bound-gujarat/article65853803.ece |access-date=2022-09-06 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=5 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905193819/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rahul-gandhi-announces-slew-of-promises-in-poll-bound-gujarat/article65853803.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> On the same day, he visited the Ahmedabad and attended the "Parivartan Sankalp Sammelan" where he criticized the BJP government and <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-04 |title=Ahead of Rahul Gandhi's visit, president of Gujarat Youth Congress resigns |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/ahead-of-rahul-gandhis-visit-president-of-gujarat-youth-congress-resigns-1142130.html |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922175341/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/ahead-of-rahul-gandhis-visit-president-of-gujarat-youth-congress-resigns-1142130.html |url-status=live }}</ref> promised free electricity, farm loan waiver up to ₹3 lakh, 10 lakh jobs, compensation to families affected by [[COVID-19 pandemic]], LPG cylinder for ₹500, free education for girls, 3,000 new English medium schools and subsidy to dairy farmers.<ref name=":2" />

The Congress-led a state-wide "bandh" on September 10 in Gujarat as a protest against price rise and unemployment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-09-09 |title=Cong calls for 4-hour Gujarat 'bandh' on Saturday to protest price rise, corruption, unemployment |url=https://theprint.in/india/cong-calls-for-4-hour-gujarat-bandh-on-saturday-to-protest-price-rise-corruption-unemployment/1122795/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912140126/https://theprint.in/india/cong-calls-for-4-hour-gujarat-bandh-on-saturday-to-protest-price-rise-corruption-unemployment/1122795/ |url-status=live }}</ref> They led demonstrations in Bharuch and other parts of Gujarat as well regarding price rise and unemployment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat: Congress calls 'symbolic bandh' today to protest against inflation, unemployment |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/gujarat-congress-calls-symbolic-bandh-today-to-protest-against-inflation-unemployment20220910142837/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=ANI News |language=en |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912140138/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/gujarat-congress-calls-symbolic-bandh-today-to-protest-against-inflation-unemployment20220910142837/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 22 September, the Congress launched the "Yuva Parivartan Yatra" (Youth for Change March) in Gujarat from [[Ambaji]], which passed through several towns and cities across 27 districts of the state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-22 |title=બનાસકાંઠાઃ અંબાજીથી કોંગ્રેસની યુવા પરિવર્તન યાત્રાનો પ્રારંભ, જુઓ વીડિયો |url=https://gujarati.abplive.com/videos/news/gujarat-gujarat-election-2022-congress-start-yuva-parivartan-yatra-from-ambaji-794942 |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=ABP News Gujarati |language=gu |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922174717/https://gujarati.abplive.com/videos/news/gujarat-gujarat-election-2022-congress-start-yuva-parivartan-yatra-from-ambaji-794942 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4" /> It was held in two stages from [[Ambaji]] to [[Umargam]] and [[Somnath temple|Somanth]] to [[Suigam]]. The Yatra travelled more than 2100 kilometres across the state.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Kanoja |first=Chandrakant |date=2022-09-21 |title=Gujarat Assembly Election 2022: યુથ કોંગ્રેસની ગુરૂવારથી 27 જિલ્લાઓમાં 'યુવા પરિવર્તન યાત્રા, અંબાજીથી કરાશે પ્રારંભ |url=https://tv9gujarati.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/gujarat-youth-congress-will-conduct-yuva-parivartan-yatra-to-27-districts-start-from-ambaji-au14483-588747.html |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=TV9 Gujarati |language=gu |archive-date=23 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923053126/https://tv9gujarati.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/gujarat-youth-congress-will-conduct-yuva-parivartan-yatra-to-27-districts-start-from-ambaji-au14483-588747.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Congress distributed door-to-door "Vachan Patras" or promise letters throughout the yatra, which contains 8 promises of the Congress and 4-point failures of the BJP government. It aims to deliver about 1.55 crore (15.5 million) of such promise letters before the elections.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress's Gujarat unit wants Rahul Gandhi to take over party's reins |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/politics/congresss-gujarat-unit-wants-rahul-gandhi-to-take-over-partys-reins-9195841.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929100237/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/politics/congresss-gujarat-unit-wants-rahul-gandhi-to-take-over-partys-reins-9195841.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The first stage of the yatra moved throughout the tribal belt, where it focused especially on the tribal youth. The second stage of the yatra went through the [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]-[[Kutch district|Kutch]] region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gujarati |first=TV9 |date=2022-09-22 |title=Banaskantha: કોંગ્રેસે વિધાનસભા ચૂંટણી પ્રચારના શ્રી ગણેશ અંબાજીથી કર્યા, યુવા પરિવર્તન યાત્રાને પ્રસ્થાન કરાવી |url=https://tv9gujarati.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/gujarat-congress-started-yuva-parivartan-yatra-from-ambaji-for-assembly-election-campaign-au14483-589526.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=TV9 Gujarati |language=gu}}</ref>

On 28 September, the Congress held a day-long yatra in [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], starting from [[Rajkot]] and concluding at Sidsar, [[Junagadh]]. The Yatra was received by Patidar leader Naresh Patel at Ma Khodiyar Temple, who welcomed the rally with 500 vehicles at the temple in Rajkot.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat: Congress to take out day-long yatra in Saurashtra on September 28 |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/gujarat-congress-to-take-out-day-long-yatra-in-saurashtra-on-september-28-9222381.html |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924155305/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/gujarat-congress-to-take-out-day-long-yatra-in-saurashtra-on-september-28-9222381.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In recent months, many protests have been held in Gujarat, in which Congress backed the protesters.<ref name=":3" />

On 31 October. the Congress started the Parivartan Sankalp Yatra in Gujarat, which covered 5 zones of the state, each led by senior leaders of the party, namely [[Ashok Gehlot]], [[Bhupesh Baghel]], [[Digvijaya Singh|Digvijay Singh]], [[Kamal Nath]], and [[Mukul Wasnik]]. These programs covered 175 out of the 182 assembly seats in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gujarat Assembly polls: Congress to hold 'Parivartan Sankalp' yatras from October 31 |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/gujarat/gujarat-assembly-polls-congress-to-hold-parivartan-sankalp-yatras-from-october-31/articleshow/95126106.cms |access-date=2022-10-28 |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028053619/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/gujarat/gujarat-assembly-polls-congress-to-hold-parivartan-sankalp-yatras-from-october-31/articleshow/95126106.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-24 |title=Gujarat Congress to hold five yatras to boost party's election campaign |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/10/24/gujarat-congress-to-hold-five-yatras-to-boost-partys-election-campaign/ |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028053620/https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/10/24/gujarat-congress-to-hold-five-yatras-to-boost-partys-election-campaign/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The yatra included 145 public meetings and 95 rallies, to establish "direct contact" with 45 million (4.5 crore) people. More than 1 million (10 lakh) party workers were expected to join the yatra.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title=Congress to launch 'Parivartan Sankalp Yatra' in poll-bound Gujarat from Tuesday |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/congress-to-launch-parivartan-sankalp-yatra-in-poll-bound-gujarat-from-tuesday-101667191483186.html |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102161034/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/congress-to-launch-parivartan-sankalp-yatra-in-poll-bound-gujarat-from-tuesday-101667191483186.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It covered more than 5,400 kilometres over a week.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Sanjay |date=3 November 2022 |title=Congress launches five yatras in Gujarat |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/congress-launches-five-yatras-in-gujarat/cid/1895802 |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=Telegraph India |location=New Delhi |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103160405/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/congress-launches-five-yatras-in-gujarat/cid/1895802 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 6 November, the Congress released a 22-point "charge sheet" against the BJP-led state government of Gujarat. The last three decades of Gujarat have been marred by "continuous anti-people governance and mismanagement," the Congress said in the 'charge sheet'. Some highlighted points in the chargesheet were the recent [[2022 Morbi bridge collapse|Morbi bridge collapse]], the release of the 11 convicted in the [[2002 Gujarat riots#Bilkis Bano case|Bilkis Bano rape case]]. It also claimed that GDP rose 18-23% annually under the previous governments of Congress, whereas the state recorded a GDP decline of 1.35% in 2020-21 under the BJP government.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=PTI |date=2022-11-06 |title=Congress releases 22-point 'charge sheet' against Gujarat BJP govt ahead of Assembly polls |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/gujarat-assembly/congress-releases-22-point-charge-sheet-against-gujarat-bjp-govt-ahead-of-assembly-polls/article66103935.ece |access-date=2022-11-12 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112080703/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/gujarat-assembly/congress-releases-22-point-charge-sheet-against-gujarat-bjp-govt-ahead-of-assembly-polls/article66103935.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chargesheet against BJP's failures in Gujarat {{!}} by Congress {{!}} PDF {{!}} Gujarat {{!}} Unemployment |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/605475805/Chargesheet-against-BJP-s-failures-in-Gujarat-by-Congress |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Scribd |language=en |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112080703/https://www.scribd.com/document/605475805/Chargesheet-against-BJP-s-failures-in-Gujarat-by-Congress |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 21 November, Rahul Gandhi addressed 2 rallies in Gujarat, in [[Surat]] and in [[Rajkot]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-21 |title=Gujarat polls: Rahul Gandhi to address two rallies in Surat, Rajkot today |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/gujarat-polls-rahul-gandhi-to-address-two-rallies-in-surat-rajkot-today-11669000707654.html |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=Mint |language=en}}</ref> In his speeches at the rallies he criticized the handling of the [[2022 Morbi bridge collapse|Morbi bridge collapse]] and claimed that the Gujarat government was trying to take away tribals' rights.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2022-11-21 |title=No action against 'real culprits' of Morbi bridge crash as they are linked to BJP: Rahul Gandhi |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/no-action-against-real-culprits-of-morbi-bridge-crash-as-they-are-linked-to-bjp-rahul-gandhi/article66165361.ece |access-date=2022-11-21 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=21 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121162814/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/no-action-against-real-culprits-of-morbi-bridge-crash-as-they-are-linked-to-bjp-rahul-gandhi/article66165361.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch: Man Interrupts Speech In Gujarat, Then Rahul Gandhi Does This... |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/watch-man-interrupts-speech-in-gujarat-then-rahul-gandhi-does-this-3540094 |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=21 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121162810/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/watch-man-interrupts-speech-in-gujarat-then-rahul-gandhi-does-this-3540094 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Manifesto ====
* '''Employment''': The Congress promised to create additional 5 lakh jobs in two years. 10 lakh jobs by 2024 with 5 lakh jobs reserved for women. Abolition of contract system in government jobs and unemployment allowance of Rs 3000 for youth within a year of government formation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rahul Gandhiʼs 8 promises in Gujarat: ₹500 LPG cylinder, 300 units free power, farm loan waiver, & more |url=https://www.editorji.com/india-news/politics/rahul-gandhi-s-8-promises-in-gujarat-500-lpg-cylinder-300-units-free-power-farm-loan-waiver-more-1662395685340 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=Editorji |language=en-US |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908044152/https://www.editorji.com/india-news/politics/rahul-gandhi-s-8-promises-in-gujarat-500-lpg-cylinder-300-units-free-power-farm-loan-waiver-more-1662395685340 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-05 |title=Rahul Gandhi has a host of promises for Gujarat voters. Here's what Cong has on offer |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rahul-gandhi-has-a-host-of-promises-for-gujarat-voters-here-s-what-cong-has-on-offer-101662380476568.html |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908104823/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rahul-gandhi-has-a-host-of-promises-for-gujarat-voters-here-s-what-cong-has-on-offer-101662380476568.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite news |date=September 6, 2022 |title=Rahul Gandhi promises sops in poll-bound Gujarat |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/rahul-gandhi-promises-sops-in-poll-bound-gujarat-428895 |archive-date=8 September 2022 |access-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908114838/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/rahul-gandhi-promises-sops-in-poll-bound-gujarat-428895 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto6">{{Cite web |title=Congress Announces 'Dwarka Declaration' to win 125 seats in 2022 Gujarat elections |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/feb/27/congress-announcesdwarka-declarationto-win-125-seats-in-2022-gujarat-elections-2424417.html |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903062006/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/feb/27/congress-announcesdwarka-declarationto-win-125-seats-in-2022-gujarat-elections-2424417.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It also promised 10 lakh jobs for youth and the implementation of the Indira Gandhi Urban Employment Scheme, which will give work and economic support to poor families residing in the cities for at least 100 days per year, as it did in Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 August 2022 |title=Congress copies AAP, to use 'Rajasthan model' for Gujarat polls manifesto |language=en |work=Deccan Herald |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/congress-copies-aap-to-use-rajasthan-model-for-gujarat-polls-manifesto-1139038.html |access-date=5 September 2022}}</ref> Congress also promised to regularise 15 lakh contractual and outsourced employees' jobs.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=PTI |date=2022-10-23 |title=Gujarat Assembly election {{!}} Congress promises to regularise 15 lakh contractual, outsourced employees if elected |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gujarat-assembly-election-congress-promises-to-regularise-15-lakh-contractual-outsourced-employees-if-elected/article66049211.ece |access-date=2022-10-23 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023170252/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gujarat-assembly-election-congress-promises-to-regularise-15-lakh-contractual-outsourced-employees-if-elected/article66049211.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''' Healthcare:''' In August, Congress released its healthcare manifesto named Jan Arogya Sankalp Patra. It promised free treatment up to Rs 10 lakh and free organ transplants if voted to power. It also said it would increase the healthcare budget of the state, and also create a special law to reduce gender imbalance. Places with gender imbalances would be identified and Rs 3000 per month would be given to the bank accounts of daughters, and assistance of Rs 30 lakh to those who have only daughters in old age. It promised Rs 4 lakh assistance to over 3 lakh families of Covid victims. Among its other promises included the Renovation of PHC and CHC hospitals across the state with modern and adequate facilities and recruitment of specialist doctors, and paramedical staff at all levels to strengthen the health service of the state. Setup of a 'tricolour clinic' (Tiranga Clinic) in urban areas to provide "service, diagnosis, treatment" at the ward level.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite news |last=Langa |first=Mahesh |date=2022-09-05 |title=Rahul Gandhi announces slew of promises in poll-bound Gujarat |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rahul-gandhi-announces-slew-of-promises-in-poll-bound-gujarat/article65853803.ece |access-date=2022-09-06 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=5 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905193819/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rahul-gandhi-announces-slew-of-promises-in-poll-bound-gujarat/article65853803.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto4"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Rahul Gandhi promises sops in poll-bound Gujarat |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/rahul-gandhi-promises-sops-in-poll-bound-gujarat-428895 |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=The Tribune |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908114838/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/rahul-gandhi-promises-sops-in-poll-bound-gujarat-428895 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto6"/> After Aam Aadmi Party announced Mohalla clinics for Gujarat along the lines of those it built in Delhi, Congress copied the promise and announced to open 'Janata Dawakhana' (Public pharmacy).<ref>{{cite news |title=Gujarat elections: Congress copies AAP, announces to open 'janata dawakhana' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/surat/gujarat-elections-congress-copies-aap-announces-janata-dawakhana-8115088/ |access-date=5 September 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=27 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=5 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905181948/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/surat/gujarat-elections-congress-copies-aap-announces-janata-dawakhana-8115088/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''' Education:''' Mahatma Gandhi Model School at every taluka along with a "Mahatma Gandhi Education Complex" from primary to higher education,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress Announces 'Dwarka Declaration' to win 125 seats in 2022 Gujarat elections |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/feb/27/congress-announcesdwarka-declarationto-win-125-seats-in-2022-gujarat-elections-2424417.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903060259/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/feb/27/congress-announcesdwarka-declarationto-win-125-seats-in-2022-gujarat-elections-2424417.html |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> 3,000 English-medium schools, and free education to girls from KG to PG.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto6"/>
* ''' Corruption:''' stricter anti-corruption laws and scrutiny of corruption of the last 27 years, along with jail term to the guilty.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto6"/>
* ''' Agriculture:''' farm loan waiver up to 3 lakh, waive agriculture-related electricity bill, a subsidy of Rs 5 per litre to milk producers, pressure on the central government to abolish GST on farm implements, fertilizers, seeds, and pesticides. Land resurvey.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress Announces 'Dwarka Declaration' to win 125 seats in 2022 Gujarat elections |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/feb/27/congress-announcesdwarka-declarationto-win-125-seats-in-2022-gujarat-elections-2424417.html |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903062006/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/feb/27/congress-announcesdwarka-declarationto-win-125-seats-in-2022-gujarat-elections-2424417.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto4"/>
* ''' Price Rise:''' free electricity for every household up to 300 units and also to cap the price of a gas cylinder at Rs 500.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto6"/>
* ''' Senior Citizens:''' restoration of the Old Pension Scheme in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 19, 2022 |title=Will go back to old pension scheme if voted to power in Gujarat, says Congress |work=Press Trust of India |url=https://www.ptinews.com/news/west/will-go-back-to-old-pension-scheme-if-voted-to-power-in-gujarat-says-congress/419941.html |access-date=September 19, 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173055/https://www.ptinews.com/news/west/will-go-back-to-old-pension-scheme-if-voted-to-power-in-gujarat-says-congress/419941.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''' Compensation:''' Increased compensation for next kin of soldiers and police officers killed in the line of duty.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-20 |title=In Gujarat, the BJP govt faces a surge of protests |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/in-gujarat-the-bjp-govt-faces-a-surge-of-protests-1146604.html |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924160347/https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/in-gujarat-the-bjp-govt-faces-a-surge-of-protests-1146604.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Incidents==

=== Aam Aadmi Party ===

After Surat AAP Pradesh Pramukh Sorathiya was attacked on August 31,<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 August 2022 |title=Gujarat AAP leader Manoj Sorathiya attacked in Surat, party blames BJP |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/gujarat-aap-leader-manoj-sorathiya-attacked-in-surat-party-blames-bjp-1994548-2022-08-30 |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009134409/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/gujarat-aap-leader-manoj-sorathiya-attacked-in-surat-party-blames-bjp-1994548-2022-08-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> Italia posted a video message in which he allegedly made defamatory remarks, in which Aam Aadmi Party Gujarat President [[Gopal Italia]] called Minister of State for Home [[Harsh Sanghavi]] Drugs Sanghvi while BJP state president [[C. R. Patil]] was called ex bootlegger, following which an FIR was also registered against Gopal Italia at Umra police station.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 September 2022 |title=FIR lodged against state AAP prez |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/fir-lodged-against-state-aap-prez/articleshow/93977887.cms |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009134407/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/fir-lodged-against-state-aap-prez/articleshow/93977887.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Kejriwal accused Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the BJP of trying to "crush" the AAP in the name of fighting corruption as they feared of getting defeated in the election. He said that the Modi government was trying to implicate AAP leaders in false corruption cases as the BJP is "not able to digest the growing popularity of the AAP in Gujarat". He accused that the AAP's growing influence in Gujarat has rattled BJP and that "the prime minister's advisor Hiren Joshi has warned several TV channels owners and their editors not to give coverage to AAP party in Gujarat, threatening them with dire consequences".<ref>{{cite news |title=Fearing defeat in Gujarat, BJP trying to 'crush' AAP in name of fighting corruption, alleges Kejriwal |url=https://www.ptinews.com/news/fearing-defeat-in-gujarat-bjp-trying-to-crush-aap-in-name-of-fighting-corruption-alleges-kejriwal/419235.html |access-date=20 September 2022 |agency=Press Trust Of India |date=18 September 2022 |archive-date=19 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919185816/https://www.ptinews.com//news/fearing-defeat-in-gujarat-bjp-trying-to-crush-aap-in-name-of-fighting-corruption-alleges-kejriwal/419235.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 11 September 2022, AAP alleged that the Ahmedabad Police raided its data management center in Ahmedabad, which was denied by the local police. AAP said the ruling party was "extremely rattled" by the "immense support" received by AAP in Gujarat.<ref>{{cite news |title=AAP Says Gujarat Police 'Searched' Party's Data Management Office, Cops Reject Claim |url=https://thewire.in/politics/aap-gujarat-police-raid-arvind-kejriwal |access-date=12 September 2022 |date=12 September 2022 |work=The Wire |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912035714/https://thewire.in/politics/aap-gujarat-police-raid-arvind-kejriwal |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=AAP party office in Gujarat raided; local police deny claims |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/aap-party-office-in-gujarat-raided-local-police-deny-claims/cid/1886083 |access-date=12 September 2022 |work=telegraphindia.com |date=12 September 2022}}</ref>

AAP national joint secretary Isudan Gadhvi alleged that the BJP had been preventing AAP spokesperson from debate by threatening TV Media. He alleged that in order to prevent a rally by Kejriwal in Vadodara, BJP threatened the owners of 13 venues and forced them to cancel programmes. Kejriwal said that stopping the opposition parties from holding election programmes was wrong for the ruling party BJP.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ruling BJP forced 13 venue owners to cancel bookings to stall Kejriwal's upcoming event in Guj: AAP |url=https://theprint.in/india/ruling-bjp-forced-13-venue-owners-to-cancel-bookings-to-stall-kejriwals-upcoming-event-in-guj-aap/1134975/ |access-date=20 September 2022 |work=ThePrint |date=19 September 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920092521/https://theprint.in/india/ruling-bjp-forced-13-venue-owners-to-cancel-bookings-to-stall-kejriwals-upcoming-event-in-guj-aap/1134975/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ruling BJP forced 13 venue owners to cancel bookings to stall Kejriwal's upcoming event in Guj: AAP |url=https://www.ptinews.com/news/national/ruling-bjp-forced-13-venue-owners-to-cancel-bookings-to-stall-kejriwals-upcoming-event-in-guj-aap/420129.html |access-date=20 September 2022 |agency=Press Trust Of India |date=19 September 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173210/https://www.ptinews.com/news/national/ruling-bjp-forced-13-venue-owners-to-cancel-bookings-to-stall-kejriwals-upcoming-event-in-guj-aap/420129.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

AAP's candidate for [[Bardoli Assembly constituency|Bardoli]], Rajendra Solanki gave a statement to the Surat Rural Police, admitting that he received Rs 20 lakh in hawala after the said money was found in his car. The statement eventually led to the [[Gujarat Police]] busting a poll-related hawala racket in which 30 people outside the state were being hired by the AAP for distributing hawala money during the assembly elections.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Outsiders' ran poll-related hawala racket in Gujarat |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/oct/28/outsiders-ran-poll-related-hawala-racket-in-gujarat-2512456.html |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> An income tax probe revealed that the AAP sent Rs 20 crore in hawala money to Gujarat for poll-related uses in the month of October 2022. According to income tax officials, as much as Rs 50 lakh of hawala money was sent daily.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I-T probe reveals AAP sent Rs 20 crore to Gujarat through hawala - The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/Nov/05/i-t-probe-reveals-aap-sent-rs-20-croreto-gujarat-through-hawala-2515140.html |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=26 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426131954/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/Nov/05/i-t-probe-reveals-aap-sent-rs-20-croreto-gujarat-through-hawala-2515140.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Bharatiya Janata Party ===
The BJP-led Gujarat government has proposed to form a committee to explore implementation of a Uniform Civil Code ahead of elections, which was met with criticism from other parties.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Gujarat Government's Big Move On Uniform Civil Code Ahead Of Polls |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarat-governments-big-move-on-uniform-civil-code-ahead-of-assembly-polls-3472016 |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=4 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104225841/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarat-governments-big-move-on-uniform-civil-code-ahead-of-assembly-polls-3472016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The famous cricketer and husband of Rivaba Jadeja, BJP candidate from [[Jamnagar North Assembly constituency|Jamnagar North]], [[Ravindra Jadeja]]'s father and sister Anirudhsinh Jadeja and Naynaba Jadeja were seen campaigning for Congress in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-30 |title=No differences in family, it's a matter of ideology: Ravindra Jadeja's wife Rivaba amid rumours |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/no-differences-in-family-it-s-a-matter-of-ideology-ravindra-jadeja-s-wife-rivaba-amid-rumors-101669819597315.html |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=1 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201045236/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/no-differences-in-family-it-s-a-matter-of-ideology-ravindra-jadeja-s-wife-rivaba-amid-rumors-101669819597315.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Indian National Congress ===
On 21 September 2022, 15 Congress MLAs including [[Jignesh Mevani]] were suspended from the Gujarat Assembly for a day following chaos with Leader of Opposition [[Sukhram Rathva]], a Congress leader, demanding a special half-hour on various issues, mainly about agitating government employees, farmers, anganwadi workers and ex-servicemen. When assembly speaker Nimaben Acharya refused Rathva's demand, Congress MLAs shouted slogans and raised placards against the BJP government.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=PTI |date=2022-09-21 |title=Jignesh Mevani, 14 Congress MLAs suspended for day amid din in Gujarat Assembly |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/jignesh-mevani-14-congress-mlas-suspended-for-day-amid-din-in-gujarat-assembly/article65919069.ece |access-date=2022-09-22 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The following day another 10 Congress MLAs were suspended for a day (from the assembly) over chaos, as they shouted slogans demanding a discussion on the OBC reservation, after speaker Acharya again declined a discussion. Many MLAs raised slogans and placards such as raised "Give OBCs, 27 per cent reservation" and "We demand caste-based census".<ref>{{Cite news |agency=PTI |date=2022-09-22 |title=Jignesh Mevani and Congress MLAs suspended again from Gujarat Assembly after chaos over OBC quota |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/jignesh-mevani-and-congress-mlas-suspended-again-from-gujarat-assembly-after-chaos-over-obc-quota/article65922272.ece |access-date=2022-09-22 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922131637/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/jignesh-mevani-and-congress-mlas-suspended-again-from-gujarat-assembly-after-chaos-over-obc-quota/article65922272.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Others===

On 21 August 2022, former state chief minister [[Shankersinh Vaghela]] launched a new party, Praja Shakti Democratic Party, with an intention to contest election.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-21 |title=Shankersinh Vaghela launches party, to contest Gujarat assembly polls |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/shankersinh-vaghela-launches-party-to-contest-gujarat-assembly-polls-1138024.html |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023195743/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/shankersinh-vaghela-launches-party-to-contest-gujarat-assembly-polls-1138024.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Later he backed the INC instead.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-11 |title=Shankersinh Vaghela: 'There is nothing free. What is this 300 units free electricity? Kisiki baap ki Diwali hai?… I tell voters, don't fall for revdis' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/shankersinh-vaghela-interview-gujarat-elections-8262035/ |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Surveys and polls ==

=== Opinion polls ===
{{Graph:Chart|vannotatonslabel=Election schedule announced|vannotatonsline=2022/11/03|width=600|height=250|type=line|interpolate=basis|xType=date|xAxisAngle=-40|yAxisTitle=vote share|yGrid=yes|yAxisMin=0|linewidth=3|x=2022/10/2, 2022/11/4, 2022/11/4, 2022/11/19|y1=46.8, 45.4, 51.3, 49.5|y2=32.3, 29.1, 37.2, 39.1|y3=17.4, 20.2, 7.2, 8.4|y4=3.5, 5.4, 8.9, 3.0|colors=#FF9933, #00BFFF, #0378A6, #DDDDDD|showSymbols=0.8,0.8,0.8,0.8|symbolsShape=circle}}

{{Graph:Chart|vannotatonslabel=Election schedule announced|vannotatonsline=2022/11/03|width=600|height=250|type=line|interpolate=basis|xType=date|xAxisAngle=-40|yAxisTitle=Seat Projection|yGrid=yes|yAxisMin=0|linewidth=3|x=2022/10/2, 2022/11/4, 2022/11/4, 2022/11/19|y1=139, 135, 119, 112|y2=40, 35, 59, 61|y3=1, 11, 3, 3|y4=2, 1, 1, 2|colors=#FF9933, #00BFFF, #0378A6, #DDDDDD|showSymbols=0.8,0.8,0.8,0.8|symbolsShape=circle}}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em"
|+ Key
|-
! Color
! Party
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px;" |{{color box|#FF9933}} || Bharatiya Janata Party
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px;" |{{color box|#00BFFF}} || Indian National Congress
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px;" |{{color box|#0378A6}} || Aam Aadmi Party
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px;" |{{color box|#DDDDDD}} || Others
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px;"
|-
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" | Polling firm/Commissioner
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" | Date published
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" |
| style="background:gray;"|
! rowspan="2" |Lead
|-
! class="wikitable"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
! class="wikitable"| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
! class="wikitable"| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
! class="wikitable"| Others
|-
|[[ABP News]]-[[CVoter]]<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-02 |title=Gujarat ABP CVoter Poll: BJP Ahead In Race, Congress Down Since 2017. See Projection For AAP |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/abp-cvoter-survey-gujarat-election-opinion-poll-2022-vote-seat-sharing-kaun-banega-mukhyamantri-bjp-aap-congress-1556290 |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021171142/https://news.abplive.com/elections/abp-cvoter-survey-gujarat-election-opinion-poll-2022-vote-seat-sharing-kaun-banega-mukhyamantri-bjp-aap-congress-1556290 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|2 October 2022
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 46.8%
|32.3%
|17.4%
|3.5%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |14.5%
|-
|[[ABP News]]-[[CVoter]]<ref name=":15"/>
|4 November 2022
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 45.4%
|29.1%
|20.2%
|5.4%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |16.3%
|-
|[[India TV]]-Matrize<ref name=":16"/>
|4 November 2022
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 51.3%
|37.2%
|7.2%
|8.9%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |14.1%
|-
|[[India TV]]-Matrize<ref name=":17"/>
|19 November 2022
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 49.5%
|39.1%
|8.4%
|3.0%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |10.4%
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px;"
|-
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" | Polling firm/Commissioner
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" | Date published
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" |
| style="background:gray;"|
! rowspan="2" |Lead
|-
! class="wikitable"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
! class="wikitable"| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
! class="wikitable"| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
! class="wikitable"| Others
|-
|[[ABP News]]-[[CVoter]]<ref name=":14"/>
|2 October 2022
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 135-143
|36-44
|0-2
|0-3
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |99
|-
|[[ABP News]]-[[CVoter]]<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-04 |title=Gujarat ABP-CVoter Poll: AAP Likely To Get 20.2% Vote Share. See How Much BJP, Cong Could Lose |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/abp-cvoter-survey-gujarat-election-opinion-poll-2022-seat-share-percentage-projected-seat-range-kaun-banega-mukhyamantri-bjp-aap-congress-1561327 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106082303/https://news.abplive.com/elections/abp-cvoter-survey-gujarat-election-opinion-poll-2022-seat-share-percentage-projected-seat-range-kaun-banega-mukhyamantri-bjp-aap-congress-1561327 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|4 November 2022
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 131-139
|31-39
|7-15
|0-2
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |100
|-
|[[India TV]]-Matrize<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-04 |title=India TV-Matrize opinion poll: BJP may win absolute majority in Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/india-tv-matrize-opinion-poll-bjp-may-win-absolute-majority-in-gujarat-himachal-pradesh-assembly-election-congress-aap-survey-2022-11-04-821334 |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=India TV |language=en |archive-date=5 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105065812/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/india-tv-matrize-opinion-poll-bjp-may-win-absolute-majority-in-gujarat-himachal-pradesh-assembly-election-congress-aap-survey-2022-11-04-821334 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|4 November 2022
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 119
|59
|3
|1
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |60
|-
|[[India TV]]-Matrize<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=2022-11-19 |title=Gujarat elections: BJP may win clear majority, says India TV-Matrize opinion poll |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news/gujarat-elections-india-tv-matrize-opinion-poll-bjp-may-win-clear-majority-survey-congress-aap-pm-narendra-modi-isudan-gadhvi-latest-updates-2022-11-19-825018 |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=India TV |language=en |archive-date=19 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119180547/https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news/gujarat-elections-india-tv-matrize-opinion-poll-bjp-may-win-clear-majority-survey-congress-aap-pm-narendra-modi-isudan-gadhvi-latest-updates-2022-11-19-825018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|19 November 2022
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 104-119
|53-68
|0-6
|0-3
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |51
|}

=== Exit polls ===
Exit polls were released after 6:30 IST on 5 December, in accordance with the end of polling in the state.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px;"
|-
! rowspan="2" class="wikitable" | Polling firm/Commissioner
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" |
| style="background:gray;" |
|-
! class="wikitable" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
! class="wikitable" | [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
! class="wikitable" | [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
! class="wikitable" | Others
|-
|[[Aaj Tak]]-[[Axis My India]]
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 129-151
|16-30
|9-21
|2-6
|-
|[[ABP News]]-[[CVoter]]
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 128-140
|31-43
|3-11
|2-6
|-
|[[India TV]]-Matrize
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 112-121
|51-61
|4-7
|1-3
|-
|[[News 24 (Indian TV channel)|News 24]]-Today's Chanakya
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 150
|19
|11
|2
|-
|[[NEWS X|NewsX]]-Jan Ki Baat
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 117-140
|34-51
|6-13
|1-2
|-
|[[Republic TV]]-P MARQ
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 128-148
|30-42
|2-10
|0-3
|-
|[[Times Now]]-ETG
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 135-145
|24-34
|6-16
|1-3
|-
|[[TV9 Gujarati]]
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 125-130
|40-50
|3-5
|3-7
|-
|[[Zee News]]-[[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]]
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 110-125
|45-60
|1-5
|0-4
|-
!Poll of polls (Average)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poll Of Exit Polls Results 2022 Highlights: BJP Predicted To Win Gujarat, Himachal; AAP Wave In Delhi |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/exit-poll-results-2022-live-updates-voting-over-in-gujarat-himachal-and-delhi-mcd-all-eyes-on-exit-polls-3579406 |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206121408/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/exit-poll-results-2022-live-updates-voting-over-in-gujarat-himachal-and-delhi-mcd-all-eyes-on-exit-polls-3579406 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 132
|38
|8
|4
|-
!Actual results
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 156
|17
|5
|4
|}

== Voter turnout ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" |Phase
!Date
!Seats
!Districts
!District Turnout (%)
!Phase Turnout (%)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-03 |title=Gujarat elections: 63% turnout in phase 1 voting |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gujarat-elections-63-turnout-in-phase-1-voting-101670007730195.html |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206141250/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gujarat-elections-63-turnout-in-phase-1-voting-101670007730195.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |date=2022-12-06 |title=65.22% voting in phase-2 of Gujarat polls compared to 69.99% in 2017 |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/65-22-voting-in-phase-2-of-gujarat-polls-compared-to-69-99-in-2017-122120600683_1.html |access-date=2022-12-07 |archive-date=7 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207122657/https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/65-22-voting-in-phase-2-of-gujarat-polls-compared-to-69-99-in-2017-122120600683_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="19" style="background:#65cdf4;" |
| rowspan="19" |'''I'''
| rowspan="19" |1 December 2022
| rowspan="19" |89
|[[Kutch district|Kutch]]
|59.80
| rowspan="19" |'''63.31''' '''({{decrease}} 3.44)'''
|-
|[[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]
|62.46
|-
|[[Morbi district|Morbi]]
|69.95
|-
|[[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]
|60.63
|-
|[[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]
|58.42
|-
|[[Devbhumi Dwarka district|Devbhumi Dwarka]]
|61.71
|-
|[[Porbandar district|Porbandar]]
|59.51
|-
|[[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]
|59.52
|-
|[[Gir Somnath]]
|65.93
|-
|[[Amreli district|Amreli]]
|57.60
|-
|[[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]
|60.82
|-
|[[Botad district|Botad]]
|57.59
|-
|[[Narmada district|Narmada]]
|78.24
|-
|[[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]
|66.31
|-
|[[Surat district|Surat]]
|62.23
|-
|[[Tapi district|Tapi]]
|77.04
|-
|[[Dang district, India|Dang]]
|67.33
|-
|[[Navsari district|Navsari]]
|71.06
|-
|[[Valsad district|Valsad]]
|69.40
|-
| rowspan="14" style="background:#365dff;" |
| rowspan="14" |'''II'''
| rowspan="14" |5 December 2022
| rowspan="14" |93
|[[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]]
|72.49
| rowspan="14" |'''65.22''' '''({{decrease}} 4.77)'''
|-
|[[Patan district|Patan]]
|66.07
|-
|[[Mehsana district|Mehsana]]
|66.42
|-
|[[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]
|71.43
|-
|[[Aravalli district|Aravalli]]
|67.55
|-
|[[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]
|66.90
|-
|[[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
|59.10
|-
|[[Anand district|Anand]]
|68.42
|-
|[[Kheda district|Kheda]]
|68.55
|-
|[[Mahisagar district|Mahisagar]]
|61.69
|-
|[[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]]
|68.44
|-
|[[Dahod district|Dahod]]
|60.07
|-
|[[Chhota Udaipur district|Chhota Udaipur]]
|65.48
|-
|[[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
|65.24
|-
! colspan="3" |Total
! 182
! colspan="2" |
!
|}

== Results ==
=== Results by alliance and party ===
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Performance of political parties |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/?do=download&r=41186&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=5ead7d48fffb854f545c418100b92e6f |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
{| style="width:60%; text-align:center;"
!'''Party'''
|'''BJP'''
|'''INC'''
|'''AAP'''
|'''SP'''
|'''Oth'''
|-
!'''Seats'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" style="width:85.71%;" |'''156'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}" style="width:9.34%;" |'''17'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" style="width:2.75;" |'''5'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Samajwadi Party}}" style="width:0.55%;" |'''1'''
| bgcolor="{{party color|Others}} style="width:1.65%;" |'''3'''
|}
{{Pie chart|caption='''Vote Share by alliance'''|other=yes|value1=52.50|label1=[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|color1={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|value2=27.52|label2=[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]|color2={{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}|value3=12.92|label3=[[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]|color3={{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}|value4=3.69|color4={{party color|Independent}}|label4=[[Independent politician|IND]]}}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Alliance
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party
! colspan="3" |Popular vote
! colspan="3" |Seats
|-
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" |
![[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|{{formatnum:16707967}}
|52.50
|{{increase}} 3.45
|182
|156
|{{increase}} 57
|-
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{Party color|United Progressive Alliance}}" |
! rowspan="3" |[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|{{formatnum:8683969}}
|27.28
|{{decrease}} 14.16
|179
|17
|{{decrease}} 60
|-
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|{{formatnum:76949}}
|0.24
|{{decrease}} 0.36
|2
|0
|{{decrease}} 1
|-
|style="background:#00bbff"|
|style="background:#e5f8ff"|Total
|style="background:#e5f8ff"|{{formatnum:8760915}}
|style="background:#e5f8ff"|27.52
|style="background:#e5f8ff"|{{decrease}} 14.52
|style="background:#e5f8ff"|181
|style="background:#e5f8ff"|17
|style="background:#e5f8ff"|{{decrease}} 61
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="8" |''None''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" |
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]
|{{formatnum:4112055}}
|12.92
|{{increase}} 12.82
|180
|5
|{{increase}} 5
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|{{formatnum:158123}}
|0.50
|{{decrease}} 0.10
|101
|0
|{{no change}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{Party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}" |
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
|{{formatnum:93313}}
|0.29
|{{increase}} 0.29
|13
|0
|{{no change}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|{{formatnum:92215}}
|0.29
|{{increase}} 0.28
|17
|1
|{{increase}} 1
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Tribal Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Tribal Party]]
|{{formatnum:41634}}
|0.13
|{{Decrease}}0.57
|26
|0
|{{decrease}} 2
|-
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Independent politician}}" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]
|{{formatnum:1174108}}
|3.69
|{{Decrease}}0.61
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|3
|{{no change}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Other}}"|
|Others
|
|0.59
|
|style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|
|
|-
|
|[[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]
|{{formatnum:501202}}
|1.57
|{{decrease}} 0.23
! colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
! colspan="4" |Total
!
!100%
! colspan="4" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" |Valid votes
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
! colspan="4" rowspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" |Invalid votes
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" |'''Votes cast/ turnout'''
| align="right" |'''{{formatnum:31879194}}'''
| align="right" |'''64.84'''
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" |Abstentions
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" |'''Registered voters'''
| align="right" |'''{{formatnum:49163277}}'''
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|}

=== Results by polling phase ===
{{Pie chart|caption='''Seat Share by Alliance'''
|value1=85.71
|label1=[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|color1={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|value2=9.34
|label2=[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|color2={{party color|Indian National Congress}}
|value3=2.75
|label3=[[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
|color3={{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|value4=1.65
|label4=[[Independent Politician|IND]]
|color4={{party color|Independent politician}}
|value5=0.55
|label5=[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|color5={{party color|Samajwadi Party}}
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Phase
!Seats
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|'''BJP'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}" |'''INC'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Party color|Aam Aadmi Party}};color:white" |'''AAP'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Party color|Other}}" |'''Others'''
|-
!I
!89
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|79
|4
|5
|1
|-
!II
!93
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|77
|13
|0
|3
|-
!Total
!182
!156
!17
!5
!4
|}

=== Results by district ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!District
!Seats
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |'''BJP'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}" |'''INC'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" |'''AAP'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Other}}" |'''Others'''
|-
![[Kutch district|Kutch]]
!6
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]]
!9
|4
|4
|0
|1
|-
![[Patan district|Patan]]
!4
|2
|2
|0
|0
|-
![[Mehsana district|Mehsana]]
!7
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6
|1
|0
|0
|-
![[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]
!4
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3
|1
|0
|0
|-
![[Aravalli district|Aravalli]]
!3
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2
|0
|0
|1
|-
![[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]
!5
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
!21
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|19
|2
|0
|0
|-
![[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]
!5
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Morbi district|Morbi]]
!3
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]
!8
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|8
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]
!5
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4
|0
|1
|0
|-
![[Devbhumi Dwarka district|Devbhumi Dwarka]]
!2
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Porbandar district|Porbandar]]
!2
|0
|1
|0
|1
|-
![[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]
!5
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3
|1
|1
|0
|-
![[Gir Somnath]]
!4
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3
|1
|0
|0
|-
![[Amreli district|Amreli]]
!5
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]
!7
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6
|0
|1
|0
|-
![[Botad district|Botad]]
!2
|1
|0
|1
|0
|-
![[Anand district|Anand]]
!7
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5
|2
|0
|0
|-
![[Kheda district|Kheda]]
!6
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Mahisagar district|Mahisagar]]
!3
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2
|1
|0
|0
|-
![[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]]
!5
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Dahod district|Dahod]]
!6
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
!10
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9
|0
|0
|1
|-
![[Chhota Udaipur district|Chhota Udaipur]]
!3
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Narmada district|Narmada]]
!2
|1
|0
|1
|0
|-
![[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]
!5
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Surat district|Surat]]
!16
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|16
|0
|0
|0
|-
! [[Tapi district|Tapi]]
!2
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Dang district, India|Dang]]
!1
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1
|0
|0
|0
|-
![[Navsari district|Navsari]]
!4
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3
|1
|0
|0
|-
![[Valsad district|Valsad]]
!5
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5
|0
|0
|0
|-
!Total
!182
!156
!17
!5
!4
|}

=== Results by constituency ===
Sources:<ref name="Gujarat Assembly Election Results 2022: Full list of winners, seat-wise winning candidates of AAP, BJP, Congress">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |author1-link=9 December 2022 |title=Gujarat Assembly Election Results 2022: Full list of winners, seat-wise winning candidates of AAP, BJP, Congress |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/gujarat-assembly-election-results-2022-full-list-of-winners-182-seat-wise-all-winning-candidates-name-gujarat-vidhan-sabha-chunav-result-2545240.html |access-date=9 December 2022 |date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209082331/https://zeenews.india.com/india/gujarat-assembly-election-results-2022-full-list-of-winners-182-seat-wise-all-winning-candidates-name-gujarat-vidhan-sabha-chunav-result-2545240.html |archive-date=9 December 2022 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gujarat Election 2022: Winning candidates from BJP, Congress, AAP">{{cite news |last1=India Today |title=Gujarat Election 2022: Winning candidates from BJP, Congress, AAP |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/gujarat-assembly-polls-2022/story/gujarat-election-results-2022-full-list-of-winning-candidates-parties-across-182-seats-2306611-2022-12-08 |access-date=9 December 2022 |date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209082554/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/gujarat-assembly-polls-2022/story/gujarat-election-results-2022-full-list-of-winning-candidates-parties-across-182-seats-2306611-2022-12-08 |archive-date=9 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/partywiseresult-S06.htm |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=results.eci.gov.in |archive-date=5 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205180614/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/partywiseresult-S06.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |District
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! rowspan="2" |Margin
|-
! No.
! Name
! Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! Votes
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! Votes
!%
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Kutch district|Kutch]]
|1
|[[Abdasa Assembly constituency|Abdasa]]
|[[Pradhyumansinh Mahipatsinh Jadeja|P. M. Jadeja]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,195
|49.15
|Mamad Jung Jat
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,764
|43.37
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9,431
|-
|2
|[[Mandvi, Kachchh Assembly constituency|Mandvi]]
|[[Aniruddha Dave|Aniruddh Dave]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,303
|53.30
|Rajendersingh Jadeja
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42,006
|24.79
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|48,297
|-
|3
|[[Bhuj Assembly constituency|Bhuj]]
|[[Keshubhai Shivdas Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,582
|53.29
|Arjan Bhudia
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|36,768
|20.40
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|59,814
|-
|4
|[[Anjar Assembly constituency|Anjar]]
|[[Chhanga Trikam Bijal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|99,076
|56.52
|Ramesh Dangar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|61,367
|35.01
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|37,709
|-
|5
|[[Gandhidham Assembly constituency|Gandhidham]] (SC)
|[[Malti Maheshwari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,760
|55.23
|B. T. Maheshwari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45,929
|30.28
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|37,831
|-
|6
|[[Rapar Assembly constituency|Rapar]]
|[[Virendrasinh Jadeja]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,961
|46.17
|Bhachu Arethiya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,384
|45.77
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|577
|-
! rowspan="9" |[[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]]
|7
|[[Vav Assembly constituency|Vav]]
|[[Geniben Thakor]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,02,513
|45.26
|Swarupji Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,912
|38.37
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|15,601
|-
|8
|[[Tharad Assembly constituency|Tharad]]
|[[Shankar Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,17,891
|54.27
|[[Gulabsinh Pirabhai Rajput]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|91,385
|42.07
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|26,506
|-
|9
|[[Dhanera Assembly constituency|Dhanera]]
|[[Mavji Desai]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|96,053
|46.96
|Bhagwanji Chaudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60,357
|29.51
| style="background:{{party color|Independent}};color:Black;" |35,696
|-
|10
|[[Danta Assembly constituency|Danta]] (ST)
|[[Kantibhai Kharadi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|85,134
|46.42
|Ladhubhai Paraghi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|78,807
|42.97
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6,327
|-
|11
|[[Vadgam Assembly constituency|Vadgam]] (SC)
|[[Jignesh Mevani]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|94,765
|48.00
|[[Manilal Vaghela]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,837
|45.51
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|4,928
|-
|12
|[[Palanpur Assembly constituency|Palanpur]]
|[[Aniket Thakar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,588
|52.93
|Mahesh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,608
|37.99
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|26,980
|-
|13
|[[Deesa Assembly constituency|Deesa]]
|[[Pravinkumar Gordhanji Mali|Pravinkumar Mali]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,006
|45.51
|Sanjay Rabari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|55,359
|25.71
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|42,647
|-
|14
|[[Deodar Assembly constituency|Deodar]]
|[[Keshaji Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,09,123
|56.66
|Shivabhai Bhuriya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,709
|36.71
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|38,414
|-
|15
|[[Kankrej Assembly constituency|Kankrej]]
|[[Amrutbhai Thakor]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|96,624
|47.81
|[[Kirtisinh Vaghela]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,329
|45.19
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|5,295
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Patan district|Patan]]
|16
|[[Radhanpur Assembly constituency|Radhanpur]]
|[[Lavingji Thakor]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,04,512
|52.7
|Raghubhai Desai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,045
|41.37
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|22,467
|-
|17
|[[Chanasma Assembly constituency|Chanasma]]
|[[Dinesh Thakor|Dineshbhai Thakor]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|86,406
|46.43
|[[Dilipkumar Viraji Thakor|Dilipkumar Thakor]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|85,002
|45.67
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|1,404
|-
|18
|[[Patan, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Patan]]
|[[Kiritkumar Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,03,505
|50.16
|Rajulben Desai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,328
|41.84
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|17,177
|-
|19
|[[Sidhpur Assembly constituency|Sidhpur]]
|[[Balvantsinh Rajput]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,187
|48.19
|Chandanji Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|88,373
|46.7
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,814
|-
! rowspan="7" | [[Mehsana district|Mehsana]]
|20
|[[Kheralu Assembly constituency|Kheralu]]
|[[Sardarsinh Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55,460
|36.30
|Mukeshbhai M. Desai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51,496
|33.70
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,964
|-
|21
|[[Unjha Assembly constituency|Unjha]]
|[[Kiritkumar Patel|Kiritkuimar Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,561
|59.75
|Patel Arvind Amratlal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|37,093
|25.03
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|51,468
|-
|22
|[[Visnagar Assembly constituency|Visnagar]]
|[[Rushikesh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,356
|55.11
|Kiritibhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,951
|33.65
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|34,405
|-
|23
|[[Bechraji Assembly constituency|Bechraji]]
|[[Sukhaji Thakor]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,872
|42.96
|Bhopaji Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,586
|36.02
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|11,286
|-
|24
|[[Kadi Assembly constituency|Kadi]] (SC)
|[[Karshan Solanki|Karshanbhai Solanki]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,052
|53.45
|Parmar Pravinbhai Ganpatbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,858
|39.37
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|28,194
|-
|25
|[[Mahesana Assembly constituency|Mahesana]]
|[[Mukesh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,816
|56.07
|P K Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,022
|30.09
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|45,794
|-
|26
|[[Vijapur Assembly constituency|Vijapur]]
|[[C. J. Chavda]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,749
|49.52
|Ramanbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,696
|45.08
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|7,053
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]
|27
|[[Himatnagar Assembly constituency|Himatnagar]]
|[[V. D. Zala]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,792
|48.35
|Kamleshkumar Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,932
|44.01
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|8,860
|-
|28
|[[Idar Assembly constituency|Idar]] (SC)
|[[Ramanlal Vora]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,13,921
|55.16
|Ramabhai Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,481
|36.06
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|39,440
|-
|29
|[[Khedbrahma Assembly constituency|Khedbrahma]] (ST)
|[[Tushar Amarsinh Chaudhary|Tushar Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,349
|32.67
|[[Ashvin Kotwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65,685
|31.86
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,664
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Aravalli district|Aravalli]]
|30
|[[Bhiloda Assembly constituency|Bhiloda]] (ST)
|[[P. C. Baranda|Punamchand Baranda]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,396
|43.62
|Rupsinh Bhagoda
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|61,628
|29.74
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|28,768
|-
|31
|[[Modasa Assembly constituency|Modasa]]
|[[Bhikhusinh Parmar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,475
|53.02
|Rajendrasinh Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,687
|34.29
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|34,788
|-
|32
|[[Bayad Assembly constituency|Bayad]]
|[[Dhavalsinh Zala]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|67,078
|38.87
|Bhikhiben Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,260
|35.50
| style="background:{{party color|Independent}};color:Black;" |5,818
|-
![[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]
|33
|[[Prantij Assembly constituency|Prantij]]
|[[Gajendrasinh Parmar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,05,324
|57.23
|Bahecharsinh Rathod
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40,702
|22.12
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|64,622
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]
|34
|[[Dahegam Assembly constituency|Dahegam]]
|[[Balrajsinh Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,133
|49.26
|Vakhatsinh Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,960
|38.65
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|16,173
|-
|35
|[[Gandhinagar South Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar South]]
|[[Alpesh Thakor]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,34,051
|54.59
|Himanshu Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|90,987
|37.05
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|43,064
|-
|36
|[[Gandhinagar North Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar North]]
|[[Ritaben Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,623
|51.25
|Virendrasinh Vaghela
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,512
|34.65
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|26,111
|-
|37
|[[Mansa, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Mansa]]
|[[Jayantibhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,144
|59.29
|Babusinh Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,878
|35.57
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|39,266
|-
|38
|[[Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency|Kalol]]
|[[Thakor Laxmanji Punjaji|Laxmanji Thakor]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,102
|49.41
|Baldevji Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,369
|46.12
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5,733
|-
! rowspan="21" |[[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
|39
|[[Viramgam Assembly constituency|Viramgam]]
|[[Hardik Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|99,155
|49.64
|Amarsinh Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|42,724
|23.75
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|51,707
|-
|40
|[[Sanand Assembly constituency|Sanand]]
|[[Kanubhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,00,083
|51.40
|Ramesh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,813
|33.23
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|35,369
|-
|41
|[[Ghatlodia Assembly constituency|Ghatlodia]]
|[[Bhupendrabhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2,13,530
|82.95
|[[Amee Yajnik]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21,267
|8.26
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,92,263
|-
|42
|[[Vejalpur Assembly constituency|Vejalpur]]
|[[Amit Thaker]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,28,049
|56.18
|Rajendra Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,398
|30.01
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|59,651
|-
|43
|[[Vatva Assembly constituency|Vatva]]
|[[Babusinh Jadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,51,710
|64.09
|Balwantsinh Gadhvi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51,664
|21.83
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,00,046
|-
|44
|[[Ellis Bridge Assembly constituency|Ellisbridge]]
|[[Amit Shah (mayor)|Amit Popatlal Shah]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,19,323
|80.39
|Bhikhubhai Dave
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|14,527
|9.79
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,04,796
|-
|45
|[[Naranpura Assembly constituency|Naranpura]]
|[[Jitu Bhagat|Jitendrakumar Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,08,160
|77.48
|Sonal Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|15,360
|11.00
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|92,800
|-
|46
|[[Nikol Assembly constituency|Nikol]]
|[[Jagdish Vishwakarma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,714
|61.73
|Ranjitsinh Barad
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38,516
|25.37
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|55,198
|-
|47
|[[Naroda Assembly constituency|Naroda]]
|[[Payal Kukrani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|112,767
|71.49
|Omprakash Tiwari
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|29,254
|18.54
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|83,513
|-
|48
|[[Thakkarbapa Nagar Assembly constituency|Thakkarbapa Nagar]]
|[[Kanchanben Radadiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,409
|65.66
|Vijaykumar Brahmabhatt
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25,610
|18.81
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|63,799
|-
|49
|[[Bapunagar Assembly constituency|Bapunagar]]
|[[Dineshsinh Kushwaha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,465
|48.85
|Himatsinh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47,395
|38.94
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|12,070
|-
|50
|[[Amraiwadi Assembly constituency|Amraiwadi]]
|[[Hasmukh Patel (politician)|Hasmukh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,994
|58.98
|Dharmendra Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|50,722
|31.83
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|43,272
|-
|51
|[[Dariapur Assembly constituency|Dariapur]]
|[[Kaushik Jain]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,490
|49.05
|Gyasuddin Shaikh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56,005
|44.67
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5,485
|-
|52
|[[Jamalpur-Khadiya Assembly constituency|Jamalpur-Khadiya]]
|[[Imran Khedawala]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,847
|45.88
|[[Bhushan Bhatt]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41,829
|35.17
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|13,658
|-
|53
|[[Maninagar Assembly constituency|Maninagar]]
|[[Amul Bhatt]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|113,083
|73.35
|C.M. Rajput
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22,355
|14.49
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|90,728
|-
|54
|[[Danilimda Assembly constituency|Danilimda]] (SC)
|[[Shailesh Parmar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|69,130
|44.13
|Nareshbhai Vyas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55,643
|35.52
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|13,487
|-
|55
|[[Sabarmati Assembly constituency|Sabarmati]]
|[[Harshad Patel (politician)|Harshad Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|120,202
|76.75
|Dineshsinh Mahida
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21,518
|13.74
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|98,684
|-
|56
|[[Asarwa Assembly constituency|Asarwa]] (SC)
|[[Darshna Vaghela]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,155
|64.13
|Vipul Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25,982
|20.79
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|54,173
|-
|57
|[[Daskroi Assembly constituency|Daskroi]]
|[[Babubhai Patel (politician)|Babubhai Jamnadas]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|159,107
|62.93
|Umedji Zala
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,470
|26.69
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|91,637
|-
|58
|[[Dholka Assembly constituency|Dholka]]
|[[Kiritsinh Dabhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,773
|49.77
|Ashwin Rathod
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|71,368
|41.90
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|13,405
|-
|59
|[[Dhandhuka Assembly constituency|Dhandhuka]]
|[[Kalabhai Dabhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,528
|55.10
|HarpalSingh Chudasma
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|57,202
|34.44
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|34,326
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]
|60
|[[Dasada Assembly constituency|Dasada]] (SC)
|[[P. K. Parmar|Parshottam Parmar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,344
|45.56
|Naushad Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,165
|44.26
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,179
|-
|61
|[[Limbdi Assembly constituency|Limbdi]]
|[[Kiritsinh Rana]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,765
|44.50
|Mayur Sakariya
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|58,619
|31.90
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|23,146
|-
|62
|[[Wadhwan Assembly constituency|Wadhwan]]
|[[Jagdish Makwana]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,05,903
|60.11
|Hitesh Patel Bajrang
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|40,414
|22.94
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|65,489
|-
|63
|[[Chotila Assembly constituency|Chotila]]
|[[Shamji Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,039
|42.52
|Raju Karpada
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|45,397
|27.17
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|25,642
|-
|64
|[[Dhrangadhra Assembly constituency|Dhrangadhra]]
|[[Prakash Varmora]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,02,844
|48.88
|Chhattarsinh Gunjariya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|69,871
|33.21
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|32,973
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Morbi district|Morbi]]
|65
|[[Morbi Assembly constituency|Morbi]]
|[[Kantilal Amrutiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,14,538
|59.21
|Jayanti Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52,459
|27.12
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|62,079
|-
|66
|[[Tankara Assembly constituency|Tankara]]
|[[Durlabhji Dethariya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,274
|46.60
|Lalit Kagathara
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|73,018
|40.86
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10,256
|-
|67
|[[Wankaner Assembly constituency|Wankaner]]
|[[Jitu Somani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,677
|39.75
|[[Mohammed Javed Pirzada]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,722
|29.92
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|19,955
|-
! rowspan="8" |[[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]
|68
|[[Rajkot East Assembly constituency|Rajkot East]]
|[[Uday Kangad]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,194
|46.38
|[[Indranil Rajguru]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|57,559
|30.97
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|28,635
|-
|69
|[[Rajkot West Assembly constituency|Rajkot West]]
|[[Darshita Shah]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,38,687
|67.98
|Mansukhbhai Kalariya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|32,712
|16.03
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,05,975
|-
|70
|[[Rajkot South Assembly constituency|Rajkot South]]
|[[Ramesh Tilala|Rameshbhai Tilala]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,01,734
|66.37
|Shivlal Barasia
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|22,870
|14.92
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|78,864
|-
|71
|[[Rajkot Rural Assembly constituency|Rajkot Rural]] (SC)
|[[Bhanuben Babariya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,19,695
|52.54
|Vashrambhai Sagathiya
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|71,201
|31.25
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|48,494
|-
|72
|[[Jasdan Assembly constituency|Jasdan]]
|[[Kunwarjibhai Mohanbhai Bavaliya|Kunvarjibhai Bavaliya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63,808
|39.54
|Tejasbhai Gajipara
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|47,636
|29.52
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|16,172
|-
|73
|[[Gondal Assembly constituency|Gondal]]
| [[Geetaba Jadeja]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,062
|59.49
|Yatish Desai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42,749
|29.55
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|43,313
|-
|74
|[[Jetpur, Rajkot Assembly constituency|Jetpur]]
|[[Jayesh Radadiya|Jayeshbhai Radadiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,471
|60.79
|Rohitbhai Bhuva
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|29,545
|16.87
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|76,926
|-
|75
|[[Dhoraji Assembly constituency|Dhoraji]]
|[[Mahendra Padalia|Mahendrabhai Padalia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,430
|42.84
|Lalit Vasoya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,182
|34.95
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|12,248
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]
|76
|[[Kalavad Assembly constituency|Kalavad]] (SC)
|[[Meghji Chavda|Meghjibhai Chavda]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,292
|45.22
|Jignesh Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|43,442
|33.13
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15,850
|-
|77
|[[Jamnagar Rural Assembly constituency|Jamnagar Rural]]
|[[Raghavji Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,439
|48.80
|Prakash Donga
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|31,939
|19.62
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|47,500
|-
|78
|[[Jamnagar North Assembly constituency|Jamnagar North]]
|[[Rivaba Jadeja]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,835
|57.79
|Karsanbhai Karmur
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|35,265
|22.94
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|53,570
|-
|79
|[[Jamnagar South Assembly constituency|Jamnagar South]]
|[[Divyesh Akbari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,492
|65.12
|Manoj Kathiria
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23,795
|17.92
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|62,697
|-
|80
|[[Jamjodhpur Assembly constituency|Jamjodhpur]]
|[[Hemant Khava|Hemant Ahir]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|71,397
|47.45
|[[Chiman Saparaiya|Chiman Sapariya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60,994
|40.54
| style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}};color:White;" |10,403
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Devbhumi Dwarka district|Devbhumi Dwarka]]
|81
|[[Khambhaliya Assembly constituency|Khambaliya]]
|[[Mulu Ayar Bera|Mulubhai Bera]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,834
|40.96
|[[Isudan Gadhvi]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|59,089
|31.10
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|18,745
|-
|82
|[[Dwarka, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Dwarka]]
|[[Pabubha Manek]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,018
|41.08
|Mulubhai Ahir
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,691
|38.12
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5,327
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Porbandar district|Porbandar]]
|83
|[[Porbandar Assembly constituency|Porbandar]]
|[[Arjun Modhwadia]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,056
|49.36
|[[Babubhai Bokhiria|Babubhai Bokhiriya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,875
|44.44
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|8,181
|-
|84
|[[Kutiyana Assembly constituency|Kutiyana]]
|[[Kandhal Jadeja]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|60,744
|46.94
|Dheliben Odhedhara
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34,032
|26.30
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;"|26,712
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]
|85
|[[Manavadar Assembly constituency|Manavadar]]
|[[Arvindbhai Ladani|Arvind Ladani]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,690
|42.14
|[[Jawaharbhai Chavda]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,237
|39.89
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,453
|-
|86
|[[Junagadh Assembly constituency|Junagadh]]
|[[Sanjay Koradia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,616
|52.01
|Bhikhabhai Joshi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44,360
|27.26
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|40,256
|-
|87
|[[Visavadar Assembly constituency|Visavadar]]
|[[Bhupat Bhayani]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|66,210
|45.18
|Harshad Ribadiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,147
|40.36
| style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}};color:White;" |7,063
|-
|88
|[[Keshod Assembly constituency|Keshod]]
|[[Devabhai Malam]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55,802
|36.09
|Hirabhai Jotava
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51,594
|33.36
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,208
|-
|89
|[[Mangrol, Junagadh Assembly constituency|Mangrol (Junagadh)]]
|[[Bhagvanjibhai Karagatiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60,896
|41.21
|Babu Vaja
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38,395
|25.98
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|22,501
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]]
|90
|[[Somnath Assembly constituency|Somnath]]
|[[Vimal Chudasama|Vimal Chudasma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|73,819
|38.20
|Mansinh Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,897
|37.72
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|922
|-
|91
|[[Talala Assembly constituency|Talala]]
|[[Bhagabhai Dhanabhai Barad]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,788
|43.17
|Devendra Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|44,733
|29.81
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|20,055
|-
|92
|[[Kodinar Assembly constituency|Kodinar]] (SC)
|[[Pradyuman Vaja]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,794
|51.38
|Mahesh Makwana
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,408
|38.58
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|19,386
|-
|93
|[[Una (Gujarat Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Una]]
|[[Kalubhai Rathod]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,860
|56.46
|[[Punjabhai Vansh|Punja Vansh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52,334
|30.83
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|43,526
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Amreli district|Amreli]]
|94
|[[Dhari Assembly constituency|Dhari]]
|[[Jaysukhbhai Kakadiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46,466
|39.00
|Kantibhai Satasiya
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|37,749
|31.68
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|8,717
|-
|95
|[[Amreli Assembly constituency|Amreli]]
|[[Kaushik Kantibhai Vekariya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,034
|54.89
|[[Paresh Dhanani]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42,377
|26.12
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|46,657
|-
|96
|[[Lathi Assembly constituency|Lathi]]
|[[Janak Talaviya|Janakbhai Talaviya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,866
|49.12
|Virjibhai Thummar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|35,592
|26.95
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|29,274
|-
|97
|[[Savarkundla Assembly constituency|Savarkundla]]
|[[Mahesh Kaswala]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63,757
|46.01
|Pratap Dudhat
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,265
|43.49
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,492
|-
|98
|[[Rajula Assembly constituency|Rajula]]
|[[Hirabhai Solanki]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|78,482
|43.69
|Ambarishkumar Der
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,019
|37.87
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10,463
|-
! rowspan="7" |[[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]
|99
|[[Mahuva, Bhavnagar Assembly constituency|Mahuva (Bhavnagar)]]
|[[Shivabhai Gohil]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,463
|55.92
|Kanu Kalsaria
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|55,991
|36.22
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|30,472
|-
|100
|[[Talaja Assembly constituency|Talaja]]
|[[Gautambhai Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,255
|57.62
|Kanu Baraiya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46,949
|29.97
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|43,306
|-
|101
|[[Gariadhar Assembly constituency|Gariadhar]]
|[[Sudhir Vaghani]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|60,944
|43.46
|Keshubhai Nakrani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56,125
|40.03
| style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}};color:White;" |4,819
|-
|102
|[[Palitana Assembly constituency|Palitana]]
|[[Bhikhabhai Baraiya|Bhikabhai Baraiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,568
|48.77
|Rathod Pravin
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,991
|32.28
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|27,577
|-
|103
|[[Bhavnagar Rural Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar Rural]]
|[[Parshottambhai Solanki|Parshottam Solanki]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,16,034
|63.61
|Revatsinh Gohil
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42,550
|23.33
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|73,484
|-
|104
|[[Bhavnagar East Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar East]]
|[[Sejalben Pandya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,707
|60.71
|Baldev Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|36,153
|22.23
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|62,554
|-
|105
|[[Bhavnagar West Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar West]]
|[[Jitu Vaghani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|85,188
|52.7
|Kishorsinh Gohil
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|43,266
|26.77
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|41,922
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Botad district|Botad]]
|106
|[[Gadhada Assembly constituency|Gadhada]] (SC)
|[[Shambhuprasad Tundiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,386
|47.22
|Ramesh Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|37,692
|27.64
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|26,694
|-
|107
|[[Botad Assembly constituency|Botad]]
|[[Umesh Makwana]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|80,581
|43.04
|Ghanshyam Virani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,802
|41.56
| style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}};color:White;" |2,779
|-
! rowspan="7" |[[Anand district|Anand]]
|108
|[[Khambhat Assembly constituency|Khambhat]]
|[[Chirag Patel (Gujarat politician)|Chirag Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|69,069
|43.53
|Maheshkumar Kanaiyalal Raval
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65,358
|41.19
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|3,711
|-
|109
|[[Borsad Assembly constituency|Borsad]]
|[[Ramanbhai Solanki|Ramanbhai Bhikhabhai Solanki]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,772
|50.35
|Rajendrasinh Dhirsinh Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,607
|44.23
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|11,165
|-
|110
|[[Anklav Assembly constituency|Anklav]]
|[[Amit Chavda]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|81,512
|48.71
|Gulabsinh Ratansinh Padhiyar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|78,753
|47.07
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|2,729
|-
|111
|[[Umreth Assembly constituency|Umreth]]
|[[Govindbhai Parmar|Govindbhai Raijibhai Parmar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,639
|51.32
|[[Jayantbhai Patel Boskey|Jayant Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|68,922
|36.99
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|26,717
|-
|112
|[[Anand Assembly constituency|Anand]]
|[[Yogesh R. Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|111,859
|57.68
|Kantibhai Sodha Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,236
|36.22
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|41,623
|-
|113
|[[Petlad Assembly constituency|Petlad]]
| [[Kamleshbhai Patel|Kamleshbhai Rameshbhai Patel]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,166
|52.30
|Prakash Budhabhai Parmar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|71,212
|41.77
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|17,954
|-
|114
|[[Sojitra Assembly constituency|Sojitra]]
|[[Vipulkumar Patel|Vipulkumar Vinubhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|87,300
|56.47
|Poonambhai Madhabhai Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|57,781
|37.37
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|29,519
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Kheda district|Kheda]]
|115
|[[Matar Assembly constituency|Matar]]
|[[Kalpeshbhai Ashabhai Parmar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,295
|47.45
|Sanjaybhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,444
|38.43
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15,851
|-
|116
|[[Nadiad Assembly constituency|Nadiad]]
|[[Pankajbhai Desai|Pankaj Desai]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,04,369
|63.04
|Dhruval Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|50,498
|30.50
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|53,871
|-
|117
|[[Mehmedabad Assembly constituency|Mehmedabad]]
|[[Arjunsinh Udesinh Chauhan|Arjunsinh Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,08,541
|59.54
|Juvasinh Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,937
|34.52
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|45,604
|-
|118
|[[Mahudha Assembly constituency|Mahudha]]
|[[Sanjaysinh Mahida]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,900
|52.39
|Indrajitsinh Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,211
|37.75
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|25,689
|-
|119
|[[Thasra Assembly constituency|Thasra]]
|[[Yogendrasinh Parmar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,21,348
|61.76
|Kantibhai Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|59,429
|30.24
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|61,919
|-
|120
|[[Kapadvanj Assembly constituency|Kapadvanj]]
|[[Rajeshkumar Zala]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,12,036
|53.97
|Kalabhai Dabhi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,158
|38.62
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|31,878
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Mahisagar district|Mahisagar]]
|121
|[[Balasinor Assembly constituency|Balasinor]]
|[[Mansinh Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,501
|50.76
|Ajitsinh Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41,079
|22.54
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|51,422
|-
|122
|[[Lunawada Assembly constituency|Lunawada]]
|[[Gulabsinh Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|72,087
|39.19
|Ambalal Sevak
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45,467
|24.72
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|26,620
|-
|123
|[[Santrampur Assembly constituency|Santrampur]] (ST)
|[[Kuber Dindor]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49,664
|34.99
|Gendalbhai Damor
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34,387
|23.08
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15,577
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]]
|124
|[[Shehra Assembly constituency|Shehra]]
|[[Jethabhai Ahir]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,775
|59.45
|Katubhai Pagi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,494
|33.37
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|47,281
|-
|125
|[[Morva Hadaf Assembly constituency|Morva Hadaf]] (ST)
|[[Nimisha Suthar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,897
|57.88
|Bhanabhai Damor
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|33,020
|23.34
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|48,877
|-
|126
|[[Godhra Assembly constituency|Godhra]]
|[[C.K Raulji]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,223
|51.65
|Rashmita Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|61,075
|32.76
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|35,198
|-
|127
|[[Kalol, Panchmahal Assembly constituency|Kalol]]
|[[Fatesinh Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|141,686
|75.03
|Prabhatsinh Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26,007
|13.77
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,15,679
|-
|128
|[[Halol Assembly constituency|Halol]]
|[[Jaydrathsinh Parmar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|100,753
|50.70
|Ramchandra Baria
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|58,078
|29.21
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|42,705
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Dahod district|Dahod]]
|129
|[[Fatepura Assembly constituency|Fatepura]] (ST)
| [[Ramesh Katara]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,581
|42.78
| Govindbhai Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|40,050
|28.76
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|19,531
|-
|130
|[[Jhalod Assembly constituency|Jhalod]] (ST)
|[[Mahesh Bhuriya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|82,745
|51.41
|Anilbhai Garasiya
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|47,523
|29.53
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|35,222
|-
|131
|[[Limkheda Assembly constituency|Limkheda]] (ST)
|[[Shailesh Bhabhor|Shaileshbhai Bhabhor]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,417
|46.13
|Nareshbhai Baria
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|65,754
|43.69
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,663
|-
|132
|[[Dahod Assembly constituency|Dahod]] (ST)
| [[Kanaiyalal Kishori]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,660
|43.38
|Harshadbhai Ninama
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|43,310
|25.95
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|29,350
|-
|133
|[[Garbada Assembly constituency|Garbada]] (ST)
|[[Mahendra Bhabhor|Mahendrabhai Bhabhor]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,427
|42.55
|Chandrikaben Bariya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34,602
|23.59
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|27,825
|-
|134
|[[Devgadhbariya Assembly constituency|Devgadhbariya]]
|[[Bachubhai Khabad]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,13,527
|58.27
|Bharatsinh Vakhala
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|69,326
|35.58
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|44,201
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
|135
|[[Savli Assembly constituency|Savli]]
|[[Ketan Inamdar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,02,004
|57.40
|Kuldipsinh Raulji
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,078
|37.26
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|36,926
|-
|136
|[[Vaghodiya Assembly constituency|Vaghodiya]]
|[[Dharmendrasinh Vaghela]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|77,905
|42.65
|Ashvinbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63,899
|34.98
| style="background:{{party color|Independent}};color:Black;" |14,006
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Chhota Udaipur district|Chhota Udaipur]]
|137
|[[Chhota Udaipur Assembly constituency|Chhota Udaipur]] (ST)
|[[Rajendrasinh Rathva]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,129
|43.23
|Sangramsinh Rathva
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45,679
|26.28
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|29,450
|-
|138
|[[Jetpur, Chhota Udaipur Assembly constituency|Jetpur]] (ST)
|[[Jayantibhai Rathva]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,041
|47.53
|Radhikaben Rathva
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|48,262
|26.66
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|37,779
|-
|139
|[[Sankheda Assembly constituency|Sankheda]] (ST)
|[[Abhesinh Tadvi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|99,387
|51.03
|Dhirubhai Bhil
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,713
|35.28
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|30,674
|-
! rowspan="8" |[[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
|140
|[[Dabhoi Assembly constituency|Dabhoi]]
|[[Shailesh Sotta|Shaileshbhai Mehta]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,846
|52.01
|Balkrishnabhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,370
|40.02
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|20,476
|-
|141
|[[Vadodara City Assembly constituency|Vadodara City]] (SC)
|[[Manisha Vakil]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,30,705
|70.57
|Gunvantaray Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|32,108
|17.34
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|98,597
|-
|142
|[[Sayajigunj Assembly constituency|Sayajigunj]]
|[[Keyur Rokadia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,22,056
|68.45
|Ami Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38,053
|21.34
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|84,013
|-
|143
|[[Akota Assembly constituency|Akota]]
|[[Chaitanya Desai]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,13,359
|68.76
|Rutvij Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|35,559
|21.58
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|77,753
|-
|144
|[[Raopura Assembly constituency|Raopura]]
|[[Balkrishna Khanderao Shukla|Balkrushna Shukla]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,19,301
|68.96
|Sanjaybhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38,266
|22.12
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|81,035
|-
|145
|[[Manjalpur Assembly constituency|Manjalpur]]
|[[Yogesh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,20,133
|75.85
|Tashveen Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19,379
|12.24
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,00,754
|-
|146
|[[Padra Assembly constituency|Padra]]
|[[Chaitanyasinh Zala|Chaitanyasinh Pratapsinh Zala]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,266
|36.09
|Jashpalsinh Padiyar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,048
|32.72
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6,178
|-
|147
|[[Karjan Assembly constituency|Karjan]]
|[[Akshaykumar Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,748
|54.68
|Priteshkumar Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|57,442
|37.50
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|26,306
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Narmada district|Narmada]]
|148
|[[Nandod Assembly constituency|Nandod]] (ST)
|[[Darshna Vasava]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,543
|39.74
|Haresh Vasava
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42,341
|23.85
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|28,202
|-
|149
|[[Dediapada Assembly constituency|Dediapada]] (ST)
|[[Chaitar Vasava]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|1,03,433
|55.87
|Hitesh Vasava
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63,151
|34.11
| style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}};color:White;" |40,282
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]
|150
|[[Jambusar Assembly constituency|Jambusar]]
|[[D. K. Swami|Devkishordasji Swami]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,533
|51.74
|Sanjay Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,153
|39.07
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|27,380
|-
|151
|[[Vagra Assembly constituency|Vagra]]
|[[Arunsinh Rana]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,036
|51.84
|Suleman Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|69,584
|43.44
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|13,452
|-
|152
|[[Jhagadiya Assembly constituency|Jhagadiya]] (ST)
|[[Ritesh Vasava]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,933
|45.55
|[[Chhotubhai Vasava]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|66,433
|33.64
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|23,500
|-
|153
|[[Bharuch Assembly constituency|Bharuch]]
|[[Ramesh Mistry]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,08,655
|63.24
|Jaykant Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44,182
|25.71
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|64,473
|-
|154
|[[Ankleshwar Assembly constituency|Ankleshwar]]
|[[Ishwarsinh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,405
|60.00
|Vijaysinh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|55,964
|34.83
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|40,441
|-
! rowspan="16" |[[Surat district|Surat]]
|155
|[[Olpad Assembly constituency|Olpad]]
|[[Mukeshbhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,72,424
|58.39
|Darshankumar Nayak
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|57,288
|19.40
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,15,136
|-
|156
|[[Mangrol, Surat Assembly constituency|Mangrol]] (ST)
|[[Ganpatsinh Vestabhai Vasava|Ganpat Vasava]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,669
|55.60
|Snehal Vasava
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|42,246
|25.12
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|51,423
|-
|157
|[[Mandvi, Surat Assembly constituency|Mandvi]] (ST)
|[[Kunvarji Halpati]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,502
|39.29
|[[Anand Chaudhari]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56,393
|29.74
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|18,109
|-
|158
|[[Kamrej Assembly constituency|Kamrej]]
|[[Praful Pansheriya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,85,585
|56.07
|Ram Dhaduk
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|1,10,888
|33.50
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|74,697
|-
|159
|[[Surat East Assembly constituency|Surat East]]
| [[Arvind Rana]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,142
|52.45
|Aslam Cyclewala
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|59,125
|42.40
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|14,017
|-
|160
|[[Surat North Assembly constituency|Surat North]]
|[[Kanti Balar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57,117
|59.10
|Mahendra Navadiya
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|22,824
|23.62
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|34,293
|-
|161
|[[Varachha Road Assembly constituency|Varachha Road]]
|[[Kishor Kanani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,206
|55.13
|Alpesh Kathiriya
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|50,372
|41.32
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|16,834
|-
|162
|[[Karanj Assembly constituency|Karanj]]
|[[Pravin Ghoghari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60,493
|67.67
|Manoj Sorathiya
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|24,519
|27.43
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|35,974
|-
|163
|[[Limbayat Assembly constituency|Limbayat]]
|[[Sangita Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,696
|53.44
|Pankaj Tayade
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|37,687
|16.44
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|58,009
|-
|164
|[[Udhana Assembly constituency|Udhna]]
|[[Manu Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,999
|63.19
|Dansukh Rajput
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24,103
|16.19
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|69,896
|-
|165
|[[Majura Assembly constituency|Majura]]
|[[Harsh Sanghavi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,33,335
|81.97
|P. V. S. Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|16,660
|10.24
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,16,675
|-
|166
|[[Katargam Assembly constituency|Katargam]]
|[[Vinod Moradiya|Vinodbhai Moradiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,20,505
|58.25
|[[Gopal Italia]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|55,878
|27.01
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|64,627
|-
|167
|[[Surat West Assembly constituency|Surat West]]
|[[Purnesh Modi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,22,981
|75.73
|Sanjay Shah
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|18,669
|11.50
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,04,312
|-
|168
|[[Choryasi Assembly constituency|Choryasi]]
|[[Sandip Desai]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2,36,033
|73.12
|Prakashbhai Contractor
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|49,815
|15.37
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,86,418
|-
|169
|[[Bardoli Assembly constituency|Bardoli]] (SC)
| [[Ishwarbhai Parmar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,18,527
|66.14
|Pannaben Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|28,579
|15.95
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|89,948
|-
|170
|[[Mahuva, Surat Assembly constituency|Mahuva]] (ST)
|[[Mohanbhai Dhodia|Mohanbhai Dhodiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,383
|47.88
|Hemangini Garasiya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49,875
|29.34
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|31,508
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Tapi district|Tapi]]
|171
|[[Vyara Assembly constituency|Vyara]] (ST)
|[[Mohan Kokani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,633
|40.67
|Bipin Chaudhari
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|45,904
|27.75
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|22,120
|-
|172
|[[Nizar Assembly constituency|Nizar]] (ST)
|[[Jayram Gamit]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|97,461
|43.79
|Sunilbhai Gamit
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,301
|33.39
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|23,160
|-
![[Dang district, India|Dang]]
|173
|[[Dangs Assembly constituency|Dangs]] (ST)
|[[Vijaybhai Patel|Vijay Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,533
|47.54
|[[Mukeshbhai Patel|Mukesh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42,859
|32.58
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|19,674
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Navsari district|Navsari]]
|174
|[[Jalalpore Assembly constituency|Jalalpore]]
|[[Rameshbhai Patel|R. C. Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,244
|66.83
|Ranjit Panchal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|37,545
|23.62
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|68,699
|-
|175
|[[Navsari Assembly constituency|Navsari]]
|[[Rakesh Desai]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,875
|64.65
|Deepak Baroth
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34,562
|20.91
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|72,313
|-
|176
|[[Gandevi Assembly constituency|Gandevi]] (ST)
|[[Naresh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,31,116
|62.24
|Ashok Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|37,950
|18.01
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|93,166
|-
|177
|[[Vansda Assembly constituency|Vansda]] (ST)
|[[Anant Patel|Anantkumar Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,24,477
|52.57
|Piyush Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,444
|37.78
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|35,033
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Valsad district|Valsad]]
|178
|[[Dharampur, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Dharampur]] (ST)
|[[Arvind Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,544
|42.24
|Kamlesh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|50,217
|25.39
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|33,327
|-
|179
|[[Valsad Assembly constituency|Valsad]]
|[[Bharatbhai Kikubhai Patel|Bharatbhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,26,323
|71.75
|Raju Marcha
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|22,547
|12.81
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,03,776
|-
|180
|[[Pardi Assembly constituency|Pardi]]
|[[Kanubhai Desai]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,21,968
|73.43
|Jaishri Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24,804
|14.93
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|97,164
|-
|181
|[[Kaparada Assembly constituency|Kaprada]] (ST)
|[[Jitubhai Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,399
|42.64
|Vasant Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,031
|27.19
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|32,968
|-
|182
|[[Umbergaon Assembly constituency|Umbergaon]] (ST)
|[[Ramanlal Patkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,10,088
|63.55
|Naresh Valvi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45,302
|26.15
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|64,786
|}

== Bypolls (2022-2027) ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
| rowspan="5" |7 May 2024
!26
|[[Vijapur Assembly constituency|Vijapur]]
|[[C. J. Chavda]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4|dab=yes}}
|Resigned on 19 January 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-congress-mla-cj-chavda-bjp-9116765/|title=Gujarat Congress MLA C J Chavda resigns, likely to join BJP|work=The Indian Express|date=19 January 2024|access-date=19 January 2024|archive-date=19 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119061533/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-congress-mla-cj-chavda-bjp-9116765/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[C. J. Chavda]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7|dab=yes}}
|-
!83
|[[Porbandar Assembly constituency|Porbandar]]
|[[Arjun Modhwadia]]
|Resigned on 4 March 2024<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arjun Modhwadia, Congress leader resigns from Gujarat Assembly, likely to join BJP|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/gujarat/arjun-modhwadia-congress-leader-resigns-from-gujarat-assembly-join-bjp-lok-sabha-elections-latest-updates-2024-03-04-919845|work=IndiaTV|date=4 March 2024|access-date=4 March 2024|archive-date=4 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304121209/https://www.indiatvnews.com/gujarat/arjun-modhwadia-congress-leader-resigns-from-gujarat-assembly-join-bjp-lok-sabha-elections-latest-updates-2024-03-04-919845|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Arjun Modhwadia]]
|-
!85
|[[Manavadar Assembly constituency|Manavadar]]
|[[Arvindbhai Ladani]]
|Resigned on 6 March 2024<ref>{{cite web|title=Another Congress MLA resigns from Guj assembly set to join BJP|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2024/03/06/bom27-gj-cong-mla-resign.html|work=TheWeek|access-date=4 March 2024|archive-date=23 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323141020/https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2024/03/06/bom27-gj-cong-mla-resign.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Arvindbhai Ladani]]
|-
!108
|[[Khambhat Assembly constituency|Khambhat]]
|[[Chirag Patel (Gujarat politician)|Chirag Patel]]
|Resigned on 19 December 2023<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-19|title=Khambhat Congress MLA Chirag Patel resigns|url=https://deshgujarat.com/2023/12/19/khambhat-congress-mla-chirag-patel-likely-to-resign/|access-date=2023-12-19|website=DeshGujarat|language=en-US|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219084917/https://deshgujarat.com/2023/12/19/khambhat-congress-mla-chirag-patel-likely-to-resign/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Chirag Patel (Gujarat politician)|Chirag Patel]]
|-
!136
|[[Vaghodiya Assembly constituency|Vaghodiya]]
|[[Dharmendrasinh Vaghela]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|Resigned on 25 January 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title=Independent MLA Dharmendrasinh Vaghela resigns, to return to BJP in Gujarat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/independent-mla-dharmendrasinh-vaghela-resigns-to-return-to-bjp-in-gujarat-101706239868879.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301102303/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/independent-mla-dharmendrasinh-vaghela-resigns-to-return-to-bjp-in-gujarat-101706239868879.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Dharmendrasinh Vaghela]]
|-
|13 November 2024
!7
|[[Vav Assembly constituency|Vav]]
|[[Geni Thakor]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
|[[Swarupji Thakor]]
|-
|rowspan=2|19 June 2025
!24
|[[Kadi Assembly constituency|Kadi]]
|[[Karshan Solanki]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Died on 4 February 2025
|[[Rajendra Chavda]]<ref name="Bypolls: BJP’s Rajendra Chavda wins Kadi">{{cite news |title=Bypolls: BJP’s Rajendra Chavda wins Kadi |url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/bypolls-bjps-rajendra-chavda-wins-kadi-aaps-gopal-italia-clinches-visavadar-leads-for-aap-in-punjab/ |access-date=23 June 2025 |publisher=AIR |date=23 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250623134732/https://www.newsonair.gov.in/bypolls-bjps-rajendra-chavda-wins-kadi-aaps-gopal-italia-clinches-visavadar-leads-for-aap-in-punjab/ |archive-date=23 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
!87
|[[Visavadar Assembly constituency|Visavadar]]
|Bhupendra Bhayani
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|dab=yes}}
|Resigned on 13 December 2023<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-12-13|title=Gujarat AAP MLA Bhupendra Bhayani resigns, set to join BJP|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gujarat-aap-mla-bhupendra-bhayani-resigns-from-legislative-assembly/article67633540.ece|access-date=2023-12-14|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=23 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250623101530/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gujarat-aap-mla-bhupendra-bhayani-resigns-from-legislative-assembly/article67633540.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Gopal Italia]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|dab=yes}}
|-
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Elections in Gujarat]]
* [[Politics of Gujarat]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Gujarat elections}}

[[Category:2022 State Assembly elections in India|Gujarat]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Gujarat]]

Tushar Jain

2026-03-04T20:34:42Z

KaveriKumari2: Entry!

{{Short description|Indian poet, playwright, writer and translator}}
'''Tushar Jain''' is an Indian poet, playwright, writer and translator. He was the winner of the [[Srinivas Rayaprol]] Poetry Prize, 2012<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/srinivas-rayaprol-poetry-prize-for-tushar-jain/article4027178.ece theHindu] retrieved 4th Feb 2016</ref> and won second place in the Poetry with Prakriti Prize, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://poetrywithprakriti.in/poem-winning-second-place-in-the-prakriti-poetry-contest-2013/|title=poetrywithprakriti.in|website=poetrywithprakriti.in}}</ref>

== Career ==
Subsequently, he won the RL Poetry Award, 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rlpoetry.org/rl-poetry-award-2014/|title=RL Poetry Award 2014 – RædLeaf Foundation for Poetry & Allied Arts|website=rlpoetry.org|access-date=2018-06-22|archive-date=2018-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622140204/https://rlpoetry.org/rl-poetry-award-2014/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was a winner of the DWL Short Story Contest 2014 for his short story "A humiliating day for [Dr.] Balachander" and was nominated further for the [[Dastaan Award]], 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://desiwriterslounge.net/contests/short-story-competition-2014/|title=Short Story Competition 2014|date=28 September 2014}}</ref> He won the Toto Funds the Arts Award for Creative Writing, 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/awarding-young-talent/article8180414.ece|title=Awarding young talent|work=The Hindu |date=February 1, 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> His first play "Reading Kafka in Verona" was long-listed for the [[Hindu Metroplus]] Playwright Award, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/three-cheers/article4673450.ece?ref=relatedNews|title=Three Cheers|work=The Hindu |date=May 2, 2013|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

His work has been published in various international journals and other forums such as [[Antiserious]], thenervousbreakdown, [[rlpoetry.org]], and papercuts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.antiserious.com/2015/08/19/maru-and-the-writer/|title=Maru and the Writer|work=Antiserious |date=August 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://thenervousbreakdown.com/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=The Nervous Breakdown |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>http://desiwriterslounge.net/articles/among-the-sows/desiwriterslounge {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>

He is currently working on children's popular fiction.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Tushar}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]

{{India-writer-stub}}

Bandra Terminus–Hazrat Nizamuddin Yuva Express

2026-03-04T14:12:10Z

KaveriKumari2: added info

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 228B22
| name = '''Bandra Terminus – Hazrat Nizamuddin''' ''Yuva Express''
| image = 12247 Yuva Express.jpg
| caption =
| type = [[Yuva Express]]
| states =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2010|01|15}}
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Bandra Terminus]] (BDTS)
| stops = 5
| end = {{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}} (NZM)
| distance = {{convert|1367|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 16 hour 45 minutes
| frequency = Weekly
| class = AC Chair Car, AC 3 Tier
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack = Overhead racks
| catering = On-board catering, E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12247 / 12248
| speed = {{convert|82|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts, {{cvt|130|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum.
| map = [[File:Yuva Express (Mumbai Bandra - Nizamuddin) route map.png|250px|Yuva Express (Mumbai Bandra–Nizamuddin) route map]]
| map_state =
}}

The 12247 / 12248 '''Bandra Terminus–Hazrat Nizamuddin Yuva Express''' is a [[Yuva Express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] that runs between [[Bandra Terminus]] and {{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}} in India. It serves the states of [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] & [[Delhi]]. As of 2025, it is the only operating train of its class.

==Coach composition==
Initially, the train was operated with 19 [[ICF coach|ICF coaches]], consisting of 2 Generator Cars (EOG), 6 AC Economy Chair Car Coaches (J) and 11 Third AC coaches (3A). The chair car coaches were painted in the characteristic Yuva Express livery, while the Third AC coaches bore the [[Rajdhani Express|ICF Rajdhani]] or [[Garib Rath Express|ICF Garib Rath]] livery.

From 2 May, 2025, the train has been running with a rake of 22 [[LHB coach|Linke-Hoffman Busch coaches]], consisting of 2 Generator Cars (EOG), 2 AC Chair Car Coaches (CC) and 18 Third AC Economy coaches (3E).<ref>{{Cite Web|title=बान्द्रा निजामुद्दीन बान्द्रा युवा एक्सप्रेस भी हो जाएगी LHB|url=https://railduniya.in/2025/02/21/%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8/|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref> It shares its rake with the [[Bandra Terminus - Bikaner AC Superfast Express]]. The primary maintenance is executed at {{rws|Bandra Terminus}}.

{{Indian Railways coach composition legend}}

'''Coach composition of 12247 (ex. Bandra Terminus)'''

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
!
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:yellow;" |Loco
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:yellow;" |1
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |2
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |3
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |4
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |5
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |6
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |7
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |8
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |9
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |10
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |11
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |12
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |13
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |14
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |15
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |16
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |17
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |18
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |19
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |20
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |21
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:yellow;" |22
|-
|
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|22px]]
|EOG
|C2
|C1
|M18
|M17
|M16
|M15
|M14
|M13
|M12
|M11
|M10
|M9
|M8
|M7
|M6
|M5
|M4
|M3
|M2
|M1
|EOG
|}

'''Coach composition of 12248 (ex. Hazrat Nizamuddin)'''

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
!
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:yellow;" |Loco
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:yellow;" |1
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |2
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |3
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |4
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |5
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |6
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |7
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |8
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |9
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |10
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |11
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |12
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |13
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |14
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |15
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |16
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |17
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |18
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |19
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |20
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |21
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:yellow;" |22
|-
|
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|22px]]
|EOG
|M1
|M2
|M3
|M4
|M5
|M6
|M7
|M8
|M9
|M10
|M11
|M12
|M13
|M14
|M15
|M16
|M17
|M18
|C1
|C2
|EOG
|}

== Service ==

* The 12247 Bandra Terminus – Hazrat Nizamuddin Yuva Express leaves {{rws|Bandra Terminus}} at 17:30 hrs every Friday and arrives at {{rws|Hazrat Nizamuddin}} the next day at 10:15 hrs.

* The 12248 Hazrat Nizamuddin – Bandra Terminus Yuva Express leaves {{rws|Hazrat Nizamuddin}} at 16:30 hrs every Saturday and reaches {{rws|Bandra Terminus}} the next day at 09:15 hrs.

* The train covers a distance of {{cvt|1367|km|mi|abbr=on}} in 16 hrs 45 min, averaging at {{cvt|82|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. The maximum permissible speed is {{cvt|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.

* As the average speed of the train is more than 55 km/h, its fare includes a [[Express trains in India|superfast]] surcharge.

==Route and halts==
The train travels along the [[New Delhi-Mumbai main line|Mumbai - Delhi main line]]. The halts of this train are as given below:
{{columns-list|#'''{{stnlnk|Bandra Terminus}} (start)'''
# {{stnlnk|Surat}}
# {{stnlnk|Vadodara Junction}}
# {{stnlnk|Ratlam Junction}}
# {{stnlnk|Kota Junction}}
# {{stnlnk|Mathura Junction}}
#'''{{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}} (end) '''|colwidth=15em}}

==Traction==

Since Western Railway switched over to AC traction in February 2012, it is hauled from end to end by a [[WAP-7]] and [[Indian locomotive class WAP-5|WAP5]] electric locomotive from [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]].

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:12247 Yuva Express - AC Chair Car.jpg|12247 Yuva Express – AC Chair Car
File:12247 Yuva Express at Bandra Terminus.jpg|12247 Yuva Express at Bandra Terminus
File:12247 Yuva Express - coach J4.jpg|12247 Yuva Express – coach J4
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131108084657/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-01-06/news/36173918_1_yuva-trains-tier-coaches-ac-3 The Economic Times]
* http://www.indianexpress.com/news/yuva-express-on-track-cheaper-travel-for-students-jobless-youth/566776/
* http://www.indianexpress.com/news/uncomfortable-chair-cars-keep-youth-away-from-yuva-trains/948376/
* http://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=1714&did=13872828774443E9957A4C0A99BC4A93487CEE8EFB03A.web103

==Sister trains==
* [[August Kranti Rajdhani Express]]
* [[Bandra Terminus–Hazrat Nizamuddin AC Superfast Express]]
* [[Bandra Terminus–Hazrat Nizamuddin Garib Rath Express]]
* [[Delhi Sarai Rohilla Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express]]
* [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Hazrat Nizamuddin AC Express]]
* [[Maharashtra Sampark Kranti Express]]
* [[Mumbai–New Delhi Duronto Express]]
* [[Mumbai Rajdhani Express]]
* [[Mumbai CSMT–Hazrat Nizamuddin Rajdhani Express]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bandra Terminus-Hazrat Nizamuddin Yuva Express}}
[[Category:Delhi–Mumbai trains]]
[[Category:Yuva Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2010]]
{{India-express-train-stub}}

Chinnanchiru Ulagam

2026-03-04T05:12:04Z

KaveriKumari2: enhanced page for accuracy per standard format

{{short description|1966 film by K. S. Gopalakrishnan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chinnanchiru Ulagam
| image = Chinnanchiru Ulagam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]
| screenplay = K. S. Gopalakrishnan
| based_on = {{Based on|''Manithanai Kaanom''|Subbu Arumugam}}
| producer = K. S. Gopalakrishnan
| starring = [[Gemini Ganesan]] [[K. R. Vijaya]] [[Nagesh]]
| cinematography = R. Sampath
| editing = R. Devarajan
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| studio = Chitra Productions
| distributor = Shanti Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1966|9|2}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

''''' Chinnanchiru Ulagam''''' ({{translation|Small world}}) is a 1966 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy film]] written, produced and directed by [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]. The film stars [[Gemini Ganesan]], [[K. R. Vijaya]], [[Nagesh]], Magic Radhika and [[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]]. It is based on the Subbu Arumugam novel ''Manithanai Kaanom'' ({{translation|Mankind is missing}}). ''Chinnanchiru Ulagam'' was released on 2 September 1966 and became a commercial success.

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=September 2021}}

== Cast ==
* [[Gemini Ganesan]]<ref name="dinamalarnellai" />
* [[K. R. Vijaya]]<ref name="dinamalarnellai" />
* [[Nagesh]]<ref name="dinamalarnellai" />
* [[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]]
* Magic Radhika<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 September 2016 |title=உழைப்பும் தன்னம்பிக்கையும் இருந்தால் வாழ்வில் வெற்றி பெறலாம்! |language=ta |work=[[Dinamalar]] |url=http://www.dinamalar.com/supplementary_detail.asp?id=33447&Print=1 |url-status=dead |access-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181113065731/http://www.dinamalar.com/supplementary_detail.asp?id=33447&Print=1 |archive-date=13 November 2018}}</ref>
* [[G. Sakunthala]]
* [[M. S. Sundari Bai]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 May 2018 |title=செல்லுலாய்ட் பெண்கள் |language=ta |trans-title=Celluloid girls |work=[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]] |url=http://kungumam.co.in/ThArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=4749&id1=85&issue=20180501 |url-status=live |access-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181113071956/http://kungumam.co.in/ThArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=4749&id1=85&issue=20180501 |archive-date=13 November 2018}}</ref>
*Radhabhai
*[[O. A. K. Thevar]]

== Production ==
''Chinnanchiru Ulagam'' is based on Subbu Arumugam's novel ''Manithanai Kaanom''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 September 2004 |title=Award for 'villupattu' artiste |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/2004/09/24/stories/2004092411420300.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181113071414/https://www.thehindu.com/2004/09/24/stories/2004092411420300.htm |archive-date=13 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |date=15 May 2009 |title=Statement with a bow |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Statement-with-a-bow/article15938298.ece |url-status=live |access-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181113071511/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Statement-with-a-bow/article15938298.ece |archive-date=13 November 2018}}</ref> The film was produced and directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan under Chitra Productions; Gopalakrishnan also wrote the screenplay.<ref name="lakshmansruthi" /><ref name="TIE" /> Arumugam wrote the comedy subplot of the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ethiraj |first=Gopal |date=19 July 2009 |title=Sunday Celebrity: Subbu Arumugam's name is synonym with 'villu pattu' |work=[[Asian Tribune]] |url=http://www.asiantribune.com/node/22087 |url-status=live |access-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181113071253/http://www.asiantribune.com/node/22087 |archive-date=13 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=Villupaattu exponent Subbu Arumugam no more |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/villupaattu-exponent-subbu-arumugam-no-more/article65991589.ece |url-status=live |access-date=27 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606100451/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/villupaattu-exponent-subbu-arumugam-no-more/article65991589.ece |archive-date=6 June 2023}}</ref> Cinematography was handled by R. Sampath, and the editing by R. Devarajan.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Chinnanchiru Ulagam |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Chitra Productions |year=1966 |time=0:00 to 2:12 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}</ref> The final length of the film was {{convert|4784|metres|feet}}.<ref name="lakshmansruthi" />

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]], and the lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 1966 |title=Chinnanchiru Ulagam |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/chinnanchiru-ulagam/YRFJlSKA25Q_ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011051024/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/chinnanchiru-ulagam/YRFJlSKA25Q_ |archive-date=11 October 2022 |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Manasirukkanum
| extra1 = [[P. Susheela]], [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
| length1 = 3:57
| title2 = Pudumai Pengaladi
| extra2 = P. Susheela
| length2 = 3:47
| total_length = 7:44
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Chinnanchiru Ulagam'' was released on 2 September 1966,<ref name="lakshmansruthi" /> and distributed by Shanti Pictures.<ref name="TIE" /> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' lauded the performances of Ganesan and Nagesh, and Gopalakrishnan's direction, but felt his screenplay was formulaic. The critic also appreciated the music and lyrics.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 September 1966 |title=Gemini, Nagesh dominate 'Ulagam' |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19660910&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=28 August 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' called the film entertaining timepass, but felt one could expect better from Gopalakrishnan.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=9 October 1966 |title=சின்னஞ்சிறு உலகம் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1966-10-09/page/n25/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230827071250/https://archive.org/details/kalki1966-10-09/page/n25/mode/2up |archive-date=27 August 2023 |access-date=28 August 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=25 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Despite facing competition from ''[[Thanippiravi]]'', ''[[Saraswathi Sabatham]]'' and ''[[Thenmazhai]]'', all released in the same month, the film became a commercial success,<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 November 2015 |title=சாண்டோ சின்னப்பா தேவர்! (16) |language=ta |work=[[Dinamalar]] |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/malarkal/vara-malar-weekly-magazine/santo-chinnappa-thevar-16/27841 |url-status=live |access-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181113070040/http://www.dinamalar.com/supplementary_detail.asp?id=27841&ncat=2 |archive-date=13 November 2018}}</ref> and ran well particularly at the [[Madurai]]-based Thangam Theatre, which was once considered Asia's largest theatre.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karthikeyan |first=D. |date=15 August 2011 |title=Climax to Thangam Theatre — it's razed down |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/climax-to-thangam-theatre-its-razed-down/article2358763.ece |url-status=live |access-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415205214/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/climax-to-thangam-theatre-its-razed-down/article2358763.ece |archive-date=15 April 2018}}</ref> Nagesh's dialogues became popular.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Swaminathan |first=Chitra |date=7 March 2002 |title=Music with a message |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/03/07/stories/2002030700050200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181113073118/https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/03/07/stories/2002030700050200.htm |archive-date=13 November 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="dinamalarnellai">{{Cite news |date=13 May 2018 |title=பார்த்தது படித்தது ரசித்தது – சுதாங்கன் |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/49049 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181113071659/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/49049 |archive-date=13 November 2018 |access-date=13 November 2018 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |location=Nellai |language=ta}}</ref>
<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1966 – சின்னஞ்சிறு உலம் – சித்ரா புரொ. |trans-title=1966 – Chinnanchiru Ulagam – Chitra Pro. |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1966-cinedetails14.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181113052237/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1966-cinedetails14.asp |archive-date=13 November 2018 |access-date=13 November 2018 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>
<ref name="TIE">{{Cite news |date=9 September 1966 |title=Chinanj Chiru Ulagam |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19660909&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=13 November 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0214583}}

{{K. S. Gopalakrishnan}}
[[Category:1966 Indian films]]
[[Category:1966 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1966 comedy films]]
[[Category:1966 films]]
[[Category:Films based on Tamil novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Guide (film)

2026-03-04T03:55:00Z

KaveriKumari2: Article updated with improved flow

{{Short description|1965 film by Vijay Anand}}
{{distinguish|The Guide (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Guide
| image = Guide 1965 film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vijay Anand (filmmaker)|Vijay Anand]]
| producer = [[Dev Anand]]
| screenplay = Vijay Anand
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = {{Ubl |Vijay Anand}}
}}
| story = [[R. K. Narayan]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[The Guide]]''|[[R. K. Narayan]]}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Dev Anand]]
* [[Waheeda Rehman]]
}}
| music = [[S. D. Burman]]
| cinematography = [[Fali Mistry]]
| editing = {{Plainlist|
* Vijay Anand
* Babu Sheikh
}}
| studio = [[Navketan Films]]
| released = {{Film date|1965|2||United States|1965|4|2|India|df=y}}<ref name="Journey">{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-inside-story-on-how-guide-was-conceived-and-made/article25175613.ece |title=Journey of the 'Guide' |last1=Vittal |first1=Balaji |last2=Bhattacharjee |first2=Anirudha |date=10 October 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=1 February 2021 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206091209/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-inside-story-on-how-guide-was-conceived-and-made/article25175613.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
| runtime = 183 minutes(Hindi), 120 minutes(English)
| country = [[India]] [[United States]]
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]] [[English language|English]]
| budget = {{INR}}6
million<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/b-town-rewind-the-tale-of-the-first-bollywood-crore/15162064 |title=B-Town rewind: The tale of the first Bollywood crore |last=Unny |first=Divya |date=16 March 2014 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316114251/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/b-town-rewind-the-tale-of-the-first-bollywood-crore/15162064 |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| gross =
}}
'''''Guide''''' (titled as '''''The Guide''''' in the English version)<ref name="Journey"/> is a 1965 Indian [[Multiple-language version|bilingual]] [[Romance film#romantic drama|romantic drama]] film directed by [[Vijay Anand (filmmaker)|Vijay Anand]] and produced by [[Dev Anand]], who co-starred in the film with [[Waheeda Rehman]]. Based on [[R. K. Narayan]]'s 1958 novel ''[[The Guide]]'', the film narrates the story of Raju (Anand), a freelance tour guide and Rosie (Rehman), the repressed wife of a wealthy archaeologist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/apr/18dinesh.htm|title=Guide; a human odyssey|access-date=24 June 2015|archive-date=27 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527024109/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/apr/18dinesh.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

A 120-minute U.S. version titled ''The Guide'' was written by [[Pearl S. Buck]] and directed and produced by [[Tad Danielewski]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=10 February 1965|title=Screen: A Tale of Romance in India|pages=44|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=29 March 1921|title=Tad Danielewski Filmography|url=http://www.fandango.com/taddanielewski/filmography/p119511|access-date=3 August 2011|publisher=Fandango.com|archive-date=22 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422063044/http://www.fandango.com/taddanielewski/filmography/p119511|url-status=dead}}</ref> For the US version, Dev Anand had insisted that Waheeda Rehman be cast as a heroine, but his advice was not heeded.<ref name="Dev_YT_shorts">{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Devanand talks about Waheeda Rehman and Guide film |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/KZtQEfFvG2g |website=youtube.com |publisher= |language=Hindi |format=video |date= |access-date=5 January 2023 |archive-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105004722/https://www.youtube.com/shorts/KZtQEfFvG2g |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was then screened again at the [[2007 Cannes Film Festival]], 42 years after its release.<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|author=Gitanjali Roy|date=1 May 2013|title=8 things you didn't know about Guide|publisher=NDTV Movies|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-8-things-you-didnt-know-about-guide-611794|access-date=3 May 2013|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107050012/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-8-things-you-didnt-know-about-guide-611794|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 September 2020|title=Ode to Guide: Celebrating Dev Anand's 97th birth anniversary with his greatest movie|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ode-to-guide-celebrating-dev-anands-97th-birth-anniversary-with-his-greatest-film-6616338/|access-date=26 September 2020|archive-date=26 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926164051/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ode-to-guide-celebrating-dev-anands-97th-birth-anniversary-with-his-greatest-film-6616338/|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Guide'' was a highly successful film at the box-office upon release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=123&catName=MTk2MC0xOTY5|title=BoxOfficeIndia Top Earners 1960-1969 (Figures in Indian rupees)|access-date=24 June 2015|archive-date=3 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103120747/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=123&catName=MTk2MC0xOTY5|url-status=live}}</ref>

At the [[14th Filmfare Awards]], ''Guide'' received a leading nine nominations, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] (Burman) and Best Playback Singer ([[Lata Mangeshkar]] for "Aaj Phir Jeene Ki Tamanna Hai"), and won a leading 7 awards, including a sweep in the 4 major categories ([[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Vijay), [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Dev), and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Rehman), thus becoming the first film in the history of [[Filmfare Awards]] to do so. It was also selected as India's official entry for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[38th Academy Awards]], but it was not accepted as a nominee. In 2012, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine listed it at #4 on its list of "Best Bollywood Classics".<ref>{{Citation|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Guide - 1965 - Best of Bollywood|date=27 October 2010|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2022076_2022067_2022043,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030233038/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2022076_2022067_2022043,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 October 2010|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>

==Plot==
Raju ([[Dev Anand]]), is a freelance guide, who earns his living by taking tourists to historic sites. The movie starts with Raju being released from jail, and then the story unfolds in a series of flashbacks. One day, a wealthy and aging archaeologist named Marco arrives in the city with his young wife Rosie ([[Waheeda Rehman]]), who is the daughter of a courtesan. Marco wants to do some research on the caves outside the city and hires Raju as his guide. He discovers a new cave and ignores Rosie.

While Marco devotes himself to the discovery of the cave, Raju takes Rosie on a tour and appreciates her dancing ability and innocence. He learns about Rosie's background as a daughter of a prostitute and how Rosie has achieved respectability as Marco's wife but at a terrible cost. She has had to give up her passion of dancing since it is unacceptable to Marco. Meanwhile, Rosie tries to commit suicide by consuming poison. Marco, upon discovering the incident, returns from the caves to see Rosie and gets furious on Rosie after seeing her alive. He tells Rosie that her act of committing suicide was a drama, otherwise she would have consumed more sleeping pills so that she could really have died. On returning to Caves which were discovered, Rosie learns that Marco is spending time and enjoying the company of a native tribal girl. Rosie is mad at Marco and both indulge in a serious heated discussion and then Rosie leaves the caves, and again wants to end her life. But Raju calms her by saying that committing suicide is a sin, and that she should live to pursue her dream. She finally says good-bye to the relation of being the wife of Marco. But now she needs support and a place to live. It is here that Raju takes her to his home.

Rosie is considered a prostitute too, by Raju's community (as classical dancing traditionally was related with prostitute at Royal court) which leads to many problems including his mother and her brother insisting that Rosie be kicked out. Raju refuses and his mother leaves him. His friend and driver also falls out with him over Rosie. Raju loses his business and the entire town turns against him. Undeterred by these setbacks, Raju helps Rosie embark on a singing and dancing career and Rosie becomes a star. As she rises as a star, Raju becomes dissolute—gambling and drinking. Marco comes back on the scene. Trying to win Rosie back, he brings flowers and has his agent ask Rosie to release some jewelry which is in a safe deposit box. Raju, a bit jealous, does not want Marco to have contact with Rosie and forges Rosie's name on the release of the jewels. Meanwhile Rosie and Raju drift apart due to Rosie's incomprehensible behaviour when she tortures Raju by not obliging him a caring hug even and asks him to leave her room else she says she will have to go out. Before this they also had a discussion about how a man should live when Rosie remembers Marco and tells Raju that Marco was probably correct when he used to say that a Man should not live on a woman's earnings.Raju retorts by saying that she is under a misunderstanding that she has become a star on her own and this was Raju's efforts which has helped her a lot in becoming a star. Then later Rosie learns of the forgery release. Raju is convicted of forgery, resulting in a two year sentence. Rosie does not understand why Raju indulged in forgery. It was not money, it was the loving fascination for Rosie which urged Raju not to reveal Marco's visit to Rosie so that she doesn't remember him again and to eliminate the probability of Rosie and Marco's togetherness, if at all, there was any little chance even. On the day of his release, his mother and Rosie come to pick him up but they are told that he was released six months ago because of his good behaviour.

Upon his release Raju wanders alone. Despair, poverty, rags, hunger, loneliness engulf him until he finds a wandering group of [[sadhu]]s (holy men) with whom he spends a night at a derelict temple in a small town. He sleeps and one of the itinerant holy men places a shawl upon him while he sleeps. The holy men leave. The next morning, a farmer (Bhola) finds Raju sleeping under the orange shawl. Bhola thinks Raju is a holy man. Bhola is having a problem with his sister because she refuses to marry. Raju impresses upon the woman the logic in taking a husband and she submits, which convinces Bhola that Raju is a swami (holy man). Impressed by this Bhola spreads the news through village. Raju is taken as the holy man for the village. The farmers bring gifts for him and start consulting him with their problems. Raju assumes the role of village holy man ([[Swami]] Ji) and engages in skirmishes with the local [[pandit]]s. In telling a childhood story, Raju speaks of a holy man whose 12 day fast resulted in God's bringing rain to end a drought.

A drought and ensuing famine hit the region hard. Through miscommunication of a village fool, Raju's ([[Swami]] Ji) words are interpreted by villagers that he will fast for 12 days to end the drought. He finds himself trapped by villagers' belief. At first Raju opposes the idea, going as far as telling Bhola that he is just a human like any one of them and even worse a convict who has undergone trial and served a jail sentence over a woman. But even the confession was not enough for the villagers to give up on their belief who quote the story of dacoit Ratnakar who became [[Valmiki]]. He reluctantly begins the fast, although he does not believe that there is any relation between a man's hunger and rain. With the fast, Raju undergoes a spiritual transformation. As the fast goes on, his fame spreads. People by the thousands come to see him and take his blessings. An American journalist asks him whether he truly believes that his fast would bring rain, he smiles and says "These people have faith in me, and I have faith in their faith". Upon hearing his fame Rosie pays him a visit, so does his mother and his friend Gaffoor, who is Muslim. Bhola does not allow him to enter the temple on the grounds that he is of a different religion. Raju comes out and asks Bhola what is his religion. He tells Bhola that humanity, love and helping the others is his religion. Then Bhola begs excuse and sees them hugging each other sentimentally and his eyes becomes wet. Raju understands that he now has everything he has lost a long time back. His health starts falling, and he thinks about the meaning of his life. On one side there is Rosie, his Mother and a chance to get back to his past life and on the other side there is a noble cause to fast and hope for the rain. He gets enlightened by the concept that his past sins are washed away by his anguish and the Guide Raju he knew has died. And now the only thing that remains is the spiritual Raju, which is indestructible. He is reconciled with his mother, Rosie and the driver during his ordeal. He transcends this life. Amidst thunder clap and heavy downpour, his soul departs this earth while the crowd rejoices and his beloveds cry. The climax also teaches the [[Bhagavad Gita]]'s principles: "Man does not die it is only body which dies. Soul remains for ever."

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Dev Anand]] as Raju
* [[Waheeda Rehman]] as Rosie Marco / Miss Nalini
* [[Leela Chitnis]] as Raju's Mother
* [[Kishore Sahu]] as Marco
* [[Gajanan Jagirdar]] as Bhola
* Praveen Paul as Bhola's wife
* [[Anwar Hussain (actor)|Anwar Hussain]] as Gaffoor
* [[Rashid Khan (actor)|Rashid Khan]] as Joseph
* [[Ram Avtar]] as Pandit (well-built one)
* Narbada Shankar as a pandit
*[[M Usman Malik]] as Malik bhai
* [[Nazir Kashmiri]] as a villager
{{div col end}}

==Production==
Dev Anand was approached by American director [[Tad Danielewski]] and writer [[Pearl Buck]] for an American film based on the 1958 novel ''[[The Guide]]'' by [[R. K. Narayan]]. Anand declined at first, but agreed to collaborate with Danielewski when he met him again at the [[12th Berlin International Film Festival|1962 Berlin Film Festival]]. Anand read the novel and contacted Buck, who invited him to the United States to discuss the project. Anand then reached out to Narayan to procure the rights to the book.<ref name=rwl>{{Cite book|last=Anand|first=Dev|author-link=Dev Anand|title=Romancing with Life - an autobiography|publisher=Penguin Viking|year=2007|pages=182–184|isbn=978-0-670-08124-0}}</ref> The Indian and American production teams clashed, causing Anand to postpone the Hindi version, thereby freeing [[Chetan Anand (director)|Chetan Anand]] to direct the highly-acclaimed war drama ''[[Haqeeqat (1964 film)|Haqeeqat]]'' (1964).

[[Raj Khosla]] was set to direct the Hindi version, with [[Waheeda Rehman]] being the first choice to play the role of Rosie. However, Rehman did not wish to work with Khosla following a misunderstanding between the two on the sets of ''[[Solva Saal]]'' (1958). Anand then approached [[Saira Banu]] to play Rosie, who declined.<ref>{{Cite web|title='This serial is my tribute to my mother'|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/may/26saira.htm|url-status=live|access-date=19 January 2022|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119180521/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/may/26saira.htm}}</ref> [[Vyjayanthimala]] was then considered, but was rejected by Danielewski.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Goldie: Guide for new filmmakers|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040307/spectrum/main5.htm|url-status=live|access-date=19 January 2022|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119181024/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040307/spectrum/main5.htm}}</ref> Khosla then stepped away the project, thereby enabling the inclusion of Waheeda Rehman, who had been lobbying for the role (and Khosla's exit) from behind-the-scenes. His exit also presenting an opportunity for Anand's own brother, [[Vijay Anand (Hindi film maker)|Vijay Anand]], to step in. The film would prove to be a landmark achievement in the careers of both the Anand brothers and also of Waheeda Rehman.<ref name="rwl" /><ref name="hin08">{{cite news|title=Blast From The Past: Guide 1965|author=Suresh Kohli|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/10/04/stories/2008100450641100.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629104339/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/10/04/stories/2008100450641100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 June 2013|date=4 October 2008|access-date=27 April 2013|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

The sequence featuring the song "Aaj Phir Jeene Ki Tamanna Hai" was shot in the [[Chittor Fort]] in [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="ndtv" /> The film's climax was shot in the town of [[Limbdi]], located 90 km away from [[Ahmedabad]] on the banks of the river [[Bhogavo River|Bhogavo]].<ref name="pm">{{cite web|title=We hunted for a firang for Dev sahab in 5 hrs|work=Pune Mirror|url=http://www.punemirror.in/news/india/We-hunted-for-a-firang-for-Dev-sahab-in-5-hrs/articleshow/31960694.cms|date=6 December 2011|access-date=18 December 2013|archive-date=3 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903114524/http://www.punemirror.in/news/india/We-hunted-for-a-firang-for-Dev-sahab-in-5-hrs/articleshow/31960694.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Guide
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Sachin Dev Burman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1965 (India)
| recorded = 1964
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 38:01
| label = The Gramophone Company of India (Private) Limited
| producer = [[Sachin Dev Burman]]
| prev_title = [[Ziddi (1964 film)|Ziddi]]
| prev_year = 1964
| next_title = [[Teen Devian]]
| next_year = 1965
}}

The film's music and background score was composed by [[Sachin Dev Burman]], written by [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]] and sung by [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Manna Dey]] and [[Sachin Dev Burman]]. The soundtrack was listed as #1 on ''Film Companion's'' list of Top 100 Bollywood Albums.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nair |first=Vipin |date=8 November 2017 |title=Top 100 Bollywood Albums |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/music/top-100-bollywood-albums |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823092047/https://www.filmcompanion.in/music/top-100-bollywood-albums |url-status=live }}</ref> In a poll of 30 leading composers, lyricists and singers conducted by ''Outlook India Magazine'' to determine the 20 best Hindi Film songs ever, three songs from the film made the list.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Web Desk |first=Outlook |date=5 February 2022 |title=20 Best Hindi Film Songs Ever |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/20-best-hindi-film-songs-ever/231648 |url-status=live |access-date=23 August 2023 |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107113701/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/20-best-hindi-film-songs-ever/231648 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s)
!Lyricists
![[Raga]]!! Picturized on
|-
| "Aaj Phir Jeene Ki Tamanna Hai"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| rowspan="10" |[[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]]
|
| [[Dev Anand]] & [[Waheeda Rehman]]
|-
| "Gaata Rahe Mera Dil"
| [[Kishore Kumar]] & Lata Mangeshkar
|
| Dev Anand & Waheeda Rehman
|-
| "Din Dhal Jaaye"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|[[Khamaj]]
| Dev Anand & Waheeda Rehman
|-
| "Kya Se Kya Ho Gaya"
| Mohammed Rafi
|[[Khamaj]]
| Dev Anand & Waheeda Rehman
|-
| "Piya Tose Naina Laage Re"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|[[Khamaj]]
| Waheeda Rehman
|-
| "Saiyaan Beimaan"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|[[Jhinjhoti]]
| Dev Anand & Waheeda Rehman
|-
| "Tere Mere Sapne"
| Mohammed Rafi
|[[Gara (raga)]]
| Dev Anand & Waheeda Rehman
|-
| "Wahan Kaun Hai Tera"
| [[S. D. Burman]]
|Pahadi
| Dev Anand
|-
| "He Ram Hamare Ramchandra"
| [[Manna Dey]] & Chorus
|
| Dev Anand
|-
| "Allah Megh De Paani De"
| Sachin Dev Burman
|[[Pilu (raga)]]
| [[Dev Anand]]
|}

Rafi had originally recorded a song called "Hum Hi Mein Thi Na Koi Baat, Yaad Na Tumko Aa Sake, Tumne Hume Bhula Diya, Hum Na Tumko Bhula Sake", but later this song was replaced by "Din Dhal Jaaye".

In the song "Mo Se Chal Kiye Jaaye", the tabla is played by renowned musician Pandit [[Shivkumar Sharma]].

==Reception==
Author R. K. Narayan disliked the film adaptation of his novel. Reviewing the English version of the film for the magazine ''Life'', he called it "The Misguided ''Guide.''"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/07/26/stories/13261282.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503085637/http://www.thehindu.com/2001/07/26/stories/13261282.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 May 2017 |title=A flood of fond memories |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=26 July 2001 |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=26 May 2022}}</ref>

In a review of the American release in ''[[The New York Times]]'', critic [[Bosley Crowther]] praised the cinematography as "... a succession of colorful views of sightseeing spots, busy cities, temples, dusty landscapes and crowds," but lamented that "... the development of the narrative continuity is so erratic and frequently slurred–so clumsy and artless, to be plain-spoken–that both story and emotion are vague."<ref name=":0" />

==Accolades==
The film was selected as the India's official entry for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[38th Academy Awards]], but was not accepted as a nominee.<ref>Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</ref>

At the [[14th Filmfare Awards]], ''Guide'' received a leading 9 nominations, and won 7 awards, becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony. ''Guide'' was also the first film to win all 4 major awards: [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]].

The ceremony also proved to be controversial, as [[S. D. Burman]], who was nominated for [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] and [[Lata Mangeshkar]], who was nominated for Best Playback Singer for "Aaj Phir Jeene Ki Tamanna Hai", both lost their respective awards to [[Shankar–Jaikishan|Shankar-Jaikishan]] and [[Mohammed Rafi]] (for "[[Baharon Phool Barsao (song)|Baharon Phool Barsao]]"), both for ''[[Suraj (1966 film)|Suraj]]'', despite being highly favored for winning in their respective categories.

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Recipient
! Result
|-
| 1967
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards]]
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Music Director Award (Hindi)|Best Music Director (Hindi)]]
| [[S. D. Burman]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1965
| rowspan="2" | [[Chicago International Film Festival]]
| [[Chicago International Film Festival#Gold Hugo|Gold Hugo]]
| [[Vijay Anand (Hindi film maker)|Vijay Anand]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[Chicago International Film Festival|Best Actress]]
|[[Waheeda Rehman]]
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="9" |[[14th Filmfare Awards|1967]]
| rowspan="9" |[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Movie|Best Film]]
|[[Dev Anand]]
|rowspan="4" {{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|[[Vijay Anand (Hindi film maker)|Vijay Anand]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|[[Dev Anand]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|[[Waheeda Rehman]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
|[[S. D. Burman]]
|rowspan="2" {{nom}}
|-
|Best Playback Singer
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] for "Aaj Phir Jeene Ki Tamanna Hai"
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
|[[R. K. Narayan]]
| rowspan="3"{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
|[[Vijay Anand (Hindi film maker)|Vijay Anand]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography (Color)]]
|[[Fali Mistry]]
|}

==See also==
* [[List of submissions to the 38th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film]]
* [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]]

==Trivia==
Dev Anand had invested every penny he had at that time in the making of this film. Yet, initially Dev Anand could not find any distributor for Guide, mainly because the US version had already flopped.<ref name="Dev_YT_shorts"/>

In the Guide, Raju, lately released from jail after a 2-year prison sentence for cheque fraud spends a night at a derelict temple. He is mistaken for a holy man by the villagers and is forced by the circumstance to assume the role of the village holy man. In the Malayalam short film, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZ5w8_lwWJo Thattumporathappan] (Lord of the Attic) by [[Sudevan]], a man fleeing a communal riot hides in the attic of an old house. He pretends to be the god of the attic, to survive. The following night he escapes from the house but a local deity comes into being as a result of the man’s desperate act of survival. Both Guide and Thattumporathappan examine the theme of mistaken or assumed spiritual identities.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title=The Guide (Modern Classics)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lS7D4E6f2yQC|year= 2010|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-341498-8}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb title|0059246|Guide}}
* [https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/guide-survival ''Guide''] at [[Rotten Tomatoes]]
* [http://www.lenseye.co/the-30-must-see-indian-films-selected-by-utpal-datta-film-critic/ The 30 Must See Indian Films, Selected By Utpal Datta ( Film critic ). – Lens Eye, Neither tomorrow nor today, it's now] 30 Must see Indian Films selected by Critic Utpal Datta
{{Vijay Anand}}
{{R. K. Narayan}}
{{Navboxes
|title= Awards for ''Guide''
|list=
{{FilmfareAwardBestFilm 1961–1980}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Hindi}}
}}
{{Indian submission for Academy Awards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guide (Film)}}
[[Category:1965 films]]
[[Category:1965 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Adaptations of works by R. K. Narayan]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vijay Anand]]
[[Category:Films directed by Tad Danielewski]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. D. Burman]]
[[Category:Indian epic films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Films produced by Dev Anand]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Dev Anand]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romance films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Gangster (franchise)

2026-03-03T23:32:03Z

KaveriKumari2: New a data

{{short description|Indian crime thriller franchise}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gangster
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Ram Gopal Varma]] [[Vishram Sawant]]
| producer = Ram Gopal Varma [[C. Ashwini Dutt]] [[Ronnie Screwvala]]
| story = [[Ram Gopal Varma]]
| screenplay = [[Ram Gopal Varma]] [[Anurag Kashyap]] [[Saurabh Shukla]] [[Manish Gupta (director)|Manish Gupta]] [[Jaideep Sahni]]
| starring =
| studio = Varma Corporation Ltd [[Vyjayanthi Movies]] [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
| distributor =
| country = India
| language = Hindi Telugu
| gross = {{small|'''(4 films):'''}} {{INR convert|118.98|c}}
}}
'''''Gangster''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[crime thriller]] [[Media franchise|franchise]] written, directed and produced by [[Ram Gopal Varma]]. It is based on the [[Indian mafia]] organization [[D-Company]], known to be run by [[Dawood Ibrahim]]. The first film came in 1998: the critically acclaimed ''[[Satya (1998 film)|Satya]]'', later followed by ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]'' and then the prequel ''[[D (film)|D]]'', with storylines based on the [[Indian mafia#Mumbai underworld|Mumbai underworld]]. ''Satya'' has won six [[Filmfare Awards]], including the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie|Critics Award for Best Film]].
These three films make up the original ''Gangster'' trilogy.

Consequent unrelated installments were also produced which were not as well received as the original trilogy, ''[[Satya 2]]'', serving as an unrelated sequel to ''Satya'', ''D Company'' (web series) and ''[[D Company (2021 film)|D Company]]'', a prelude to the web series.

In 2002 came his commercial as well as critical success, ''Company'', an example of [[parallel cinema]], was based on the real-life underworld organization, the [[D-Company]]. It won seven Filmfare Awards and earned him a [[Filmfare Best Director Award]] nomination. [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] actor [[Mohanlal]] debuted in Bollywood doing an extended cameo in this film. A prequel to ''Company'' was made in 2005: ''[[D (film)|D]]'', produced by Varma and directed by Vishram Sawant. ''Satya'', ''Company'' and ''D'' are together considered an "Indian gangster trilogy".<ref name=Charlie>{{cite web|author=Charlie|title=D: Final film in Indian Gangster Trilogy a Must See|publisher=Cinema Strikes Back|date=24 August 2005|url=http://www.cinemastrikesback.com/index.php?p=562|access-date=22 February 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717100215/http://www.cinemastrikesback.com/index.php?p=562|archive-date=17 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

''Satya'' and ''Company'', in particular, were cited by British director [[Danny Boyle]] as influences on his [[Academy Award]]-winning film ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]'' (2008), for their "slick, often mesmerizing portrayals of the [[Indian mafia|Mumbai underworld]]", their display of "brutality and urban violence", and their gritty realism.<ref>{{cite web|author=Amitava Kumar|title=Slumdog Millionaire's Bollywood Ancestors|publisher=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date=23 December 2008|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2008/12/slumdog-millionaires-bollywood-ancestors.html|accessdate=4 January 2008|archive-date=25 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225193313/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2008/12/slumdog-millionaires-bollywood-ancestors.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Lisa Tsering|title='Slumdog' Director Boyle Has 'Fingers Crossed' for Oscars|publisher=IndiaWest|date=29 January 2009|url=http://www.indiawest.com/readmore.aspx?id=860&sid=5|access-date=30 January 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302235319/http://www.indiawest.com/readmore.aspx?id=860&sid=5|archive-date=2 March 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=DGA nominees borrow from the masters: Directors cite specific influences for their films|author=Anthony Kaufman|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=29 January 2009|url=https://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=awardcentral&jump=contenders&id=director&articleid=VR1117999259&cs=1|accessdate=30 January 2009}}</ref>

==Features==
===Original Trilogy===
* ''[[Satya (1998 film)|Satya]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]'' (2002)
* ''[[D (film)|D]]'' (2005)

===Unrelated Sequel to ''Satya''===
* ''[[Satya 2]]'' (2013)

===Unrelated Docudramas===
* ''D Company'' (2021 web series)
* ''[[D Company (2021 film)|D Company]]'' (2021 prelude film)

==Films==
===Satya (1998)===
{{Main|Satya (1998 film)}}
[[Mumbai]] is in the midst of a [[wikt:turf war|turf war]] between many gangs, collectively referred to as the [[Mumbai underworld]] when Satya ([[J.D Chakravarthy]]), a man without a past, comes to the city looking for employment. While [[waiting staff|waiting tables]] at the local [[dance bar]], he gets involved in a scuffle with Jagga ([[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]]), [[bag man]] for dreaded [[crime boss|don]] Guru Narayan (Raju Mavani). Jagga takes his revenge by getting Satya arrested on false charges of [[pimping]]. In jail, Satya clashes with yet another member of Mumbai's mafia, underworld don Bhiku Mhatre ([[Manoj Bajpai]]), who is in prison pending trial for the murder of a prominent film producer. Mhatre, pleased with Satya's bravado, extends a hand of friendship and arranges for his release as well as accommodation. With Mhatre's help, Satya avenges himself by gunning down Jagga in the very same dance bar and joins Mhatre's gang.

Before branching out on his own, Mhatre was part of a gang that included himself, Guru Narayan, Kallu Mama ([[Saurabh Shukla]]) and lawyer Chandrakant Mule ([[Makrand Deshpande]]). Bhau Thakurdas Jhawle ([[Govind Namdeo]]), presently a [[councillor|corporator]] in the [[Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai|Mumbai Municipal Corporation]], was the gang leader. After Jhawle joined politics, the gang split into two with Kallu and Mule joining Mhatre and Narayan going his own way. While the gangs had carved out their own territories which were off-limits to the rival gang, both still maintained a relationship with Jhawle. Jagga's assassination breaks the uneasy truce and Narayan reneges on his promise by attacking Mhatre's gang when they are out on business. Mhatre decides to kill Narayan but is forced to abandon his project at the last moment on orders from Jhawle; the murder on the eve of the municipal elections would have triggered a gang war and would be detrimental to Jhawle's political prospects. Meanwhile, Satya, who has risen up the ranks and become a key decision-maker in the gang, has met and fallen in love with Vidya ([[Urmila Matondkar]]), an aspiring [[playback singer]] who lives next door, but has not informed her of his underworld connections. At one point he even threatens a music director and gets him to sign her up for a project, with Vidya being unaware of the entire episode.

Satya tells Mhatre, fuming over Jhawle's orders to stay away from Narayan, to ignore him and they assassinate Narayan. Mhatre is now the unchallenged ruler of the underworld and Jhawle, knowing that he needs Mhatre's help to win the elections, patches up with him. This is when the city sees the appointment of a new police commissioner, Amodh Shukla ([[Paresh Rawal]]). Shukla and his force begin targeting Mhatre's gang through [[encounter killing|encounters]]. Satya, seeing the situation getting out of hand, convinces the gang that the commissioner has to be eliminated and gets him killed. The police respond by intensifying the crackdown. Jhawle wins the elections thanks to Mhatre's muscle power as well as public anger on the brutal methods adopted by the police in its fight against [[organized crime]]. In the midst of this, Satya and Vidya decide to catch a movie. Inspector Khandilkar ([[Aditya Shrivastava]]), on the basis of a tipoff that Satya is present in the cinema hall, surrounds the premises and orders that all doors be shut. Satya fires a gun, triggering a stampede which results in many fatalities, and escapes with Vidya. But the man who did not fear death now fears for Vidya's life. He decides to quit the underworld and reveals his decision to Mhatre, who decides to send them to [[Dubai]] where they would be safe.

Jhawle holds a party to celebrate his victory and invites Mhatre, Mule and Kallu to attend the same. During the party, he shoots Mhatre dead for having disobeyed his order and sends Kallu along with Mule to kill Satya. Satya, unaware of Mhatre's death, runs off to Vidya and lies to her one last time, but has to flee when the police arrive. Khandilkar spills the beans in front of Vidya. Kallu returns to his headquarters, kills Mule instead of Satya, and informs Satya about Mhatre's fate. Satya takes his revenge by murdering Jhawle during [[Anant Chaturdashi]] celebrations but suffers a bullet wound in the process. Satya returns to Vidya's house to meet her but she refuses to open the door. He manages to break it open but Khandilkar, who has arrived to arrest him, shoots him multiple times. Satya collapses a few inches away from Vidya's feet, and breathes his last.

===Company (2002)===
{{Main|Company (2002 film)}}
The film highlights the economics behind running an [[Indian mafia]] organization. In the opening, [[Ajay Devgan]] describes the modus operandi of underworld. He states "Despite anybody telling anything else, in this world everything is done for profit, so is this business. We don't pay taxes, neither do we keep accounts; For this work is done by inducing fear. Anybody can join us anytime, but can never resign. Whoever breaks our law, is broken by us. Here friendship, respect or honesty, the only real reason behind all these is same thing -- Profit". During murder / extortion scenes following, [[Ajay Devgan]] adds "profit happens -- like this, like this or like that".

The story revolves around a young man named Chandu (full name: Chandarkant Nagre) (played by [[Vivek Oberoi]]) joining the world of crime in the [[Mumbai underworld]] to "make it big" someday. Gradually he learns tricks of the trade and increases the gang's earnings and profits. This leads to his affinity with Malik (played by [[Ajay Devgan]]) who is the leader of the gang.

The film features one cold-blooded murder scene wherein Malik and Chandu kill Saeed and his brother Anis in the rear seat of the car on a chilling rainy day. Thereafter Malik goes on a bloody rampage killing all his opponents, so as to take the reins of underworld in his hands.

They include his rival gang leader and colleague under Aslam's umbrella Sharma, who was in a meeting with police inspector Rathod, also killed off. Inspector Rathod, who once tortured and abused Chandu in jail in early days, was also killed at Malik's permission.

However, both come at loggerheads during the execution of a [[contract killing]]. Here a slight influence of [[Scarface (1983 film)|Scarface]] can be felt when the [[Tony Montana|hero]] refuses to go ahead because the victim's children would also be killed - ([[Al Pacino]] shoots down his [[List of Scarface characters#Alejandro Sosa|Bolivian partner]]'s cold-blooded [[List of Scarface characters#Alberto the Shadow|killing expert]] to stop the bomb explosion arranged by him and thus digs his own grave : Chandu stops the deliberate vehicle crash and falls from Malik's favor.) The contract was from a politician who tries to use Malik's gang to eliminate a front-runner, a contender for Home Minister's post. The assassination (a staged truck-car collision) takes place in-spite of Chandu's emotional misdemeanor since Malik, not relaying on Chandu anymore, takes reins in his own hands and gives direct orders.

The rift between Chandu and Malik widens due to various misunderstandings. [[Police Commissioner of Mumbai|The Commissioner of Police]], Sreenivasan [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] ([[Mohanlal]]) makes use of the rift to bring the mafia under control. Chandu and Malik end up becoming bitter enemies. After Chandu's retaliation of the assassination of his lifelong friend of one of lieutenants Warsi, two factions of Mumbai's once most powerful gang 'Company' went to a full-scale war.

Malik and Chandu killed as many members of each opponent gangs as possible. Sreenivasan, as the police chief of the city of murders due to the war, became criticized greatly, but he and his men knew this war ultimately is shortening the to-do list of his department. Big numbers of button men and lieutenants from both gangs were being killed. The war results in an intense chase sequence shot in Kenya where Malik hires hitmen to kill Chandu.

Chandu survives, though he is injured severely. Sreenivasan convinces Chandu to come back to Mumbai and fight his war with Malik by helping the police bring the mafia under control.

The story reaches its climax when Chandu kills the politician (the mastermind of the contract killing) within the prison. At the same time, one of Chandu's aides named Koda Singh, who swore revenge to kill who went against his friend Chandu, shoots Malik point-blank to death in Hong Kong.

This shows, Chandu and Malik came to a truce but Chandu never withdrew his order to Koda to kill Malik. It's not confirmed that whether Chandu has forgotten to withdraw his orders or deliberately kept that on. But, after the assassination, Sreenivasan notified Chandu and Chandu became tremendously shocked at this news. So, possibly Chandu forgot to send a come back call to Koda.

Koda Singh was arrested by Hong Kong Police on that day. The end shows Chandu spending the rest of his life in prison after being persuaded by the Police Commissioner to surrender.

===D (2005)===
{{Main|D (film)}}
Deshu ([[Randeep Hooda]]) is a mechanic in [[Dubai]], who has come home after his mother's death. His father is a dry, gruff police constable. Deshu unwittingly becomes a witness to a murder, when Mangli Bhai's goons chase a man, burst into his chawl, and proceed to kill the man right there. Roughened up by the police to act as a witness, and threatened by the goons to not do so, Deshu keeps his mouth shut. Later, he joins a rival gang (Hashim Bhai's), and proceeds to kill Mangli. Little by little, with his bravery and intelligence he manages to become Bhai's right-hand man, much to the dismay of his two sons, Muqarram and Shabbir.

Slowly, he becomes the most important member of the gang. Once, a secretary from a film-actress gives him the contract of pulling out her of a trouble of being harassed by a male colleague. The actress, impressed by Deshu's attitude, later becomes his girlfriend.

The rest of the film chronicles his take-over of the gang when Bhai, bending to his son's wishes, allows an unwarranted attack on Deshu and his faithful lieutenant Raghav. Raghav is killed with his girlfriend, but Deshu survives the attack. He takes on the gang and kills Bhai's sons, but does not kill Hashim. He does this not out of any generosity, but purposely to take the sweet revenge as he knows that Bhai is not in a position to harm him. The film ends with Deshu, having crowned himself underworld king, dreaming of forming the "D" company and running it as a well-tuned machine from outside India's borders.

===Satya 2 (2013)===
{{Main|Satya 2}}
''Satya 2'' revolves around a young man name Satya, a man without a past, who comes to the city envisions the rebirth of his company. By the year 2013, Mumbai underworld was erased by Mumbai police.

=== D Company (2021) ===
{{Main|D Company (2021 film)}}
The biggest saga of the year is about to unfold the dark side of India's underworld enterprise. The film will showcase the true story behind India's biggest underworld enterprise, [[D-Company|D Company]], a Mumbai-based underworld gang headed by [[Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar]].

==Web series==
===D Company (2021)===
{{Main|D Company (2021 film)}}

==Awards==
===Satya===
''Satya'' won six [[Filmfare Awards]] including all three Critics awards ([[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie|Best Movie]], [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] and [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] awards, male and female, for Bajpai and Shah), [[Filmfare Best Editing Award|Best Editing]] (Apurva Asrani and Bhanodaya), [[Filmfare Best Sound Award|Best Sound Recording]] ([[H. Sridhar]]) and [[Filmfare Best Background Score|Best Background Score]] (Sandeep Chowta). It won four [[Star Screen Awards]] including [[Star Screen Award Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (Bajpai), [[Star Screen Award Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (Shah), [[Star Screen Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] (Kashyap and Shukla) and [[Screen Award Special Jury Award]] ([[J. D. Chakravarthy]]). [[Ram Gopal Varma]] won the
[[Bollywood Movie Award – Best Director]] for this film. Bajpai also won the [[Zee Cine Award Best Actor in a Supporting Role- Male|Zee Cine Award]] and the [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|National Film Award]] for best actor in a supporting role.

In 2005, ''Indiatimes Movies'' included ''Satya'' in its list of ''25 Must See Bollywood Movies''.<ref>{{cite web
| title = 25 Must See Bollywood Movies
| author = Rachna Kanwar
| publisher = Indiatimes Movies
| date = 3 October 2005
| accessdate = 17 June 2008
| url = http://movies.indiatimes.com/Special_Features/25_Must_See_Bollywood_Movies/articleshow/msid-1250837,curpg-3.cms
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080610052749/http://movies.indiatimes.com/Special_Features/25_Must_See_Bollywood_Movies/articleshow/msid-1250837,curpg-3.cms
| archive-date = 10 June 2008
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

===Company===
[[Filmfare Awards]]
* '''Won''', Critics' Award for Best Actor - [[Ajay Devgn]]
* '''Won''', Critics' Award for Best Actress - [[Manisha Koirala]]
* '''Won''', Best Actor in a Supporting Role - [[Vivek Oberoi]]
* '''Won''', Best Debut - [[Vivek Oberoi]]
* '''Won''', Best Dialogue - Jaideep Sahni
* '''Won''', Best Editing - [[Chandan Arora]]
* '''Won''', Best Story - Jaideep Sahni
* Nominated, Best Actor - [[Ajay Devgan]]
* Nominated, Best Actress - [[Manisha Koirala]]
* Nominated', Best Actor in a Supporting Role - [[Vivek Oberoi]]
* Nominated, Best Actress in a Supporting Role - [[Antara Mali]]
* Nominated, Best Director - [[Ram Gopal Varma]]
* Nominated, Best Film

[[IIFA Awards]]
* '''Won''', [[IIFA Best Supporting Actor Award]] - [[Vivek Oberoi]]
* '''Won''', Award for Technical Excellence - Best Action - [[Allan Amin]]
* '''Won''', Best Editing - [[Chandan Arora]]

[[Bollywood Movie Awards]]
*'''Won''', [[Bollywood Movie Award – Best Director]] - [[Ram Gopal Varma]]

[[Star Screen Awards]]
*'''Won''', 2002:[[Star Screen Award Best Actor|Best Actor Award]] - ''[[Mohanlal]]''
*'''Won''', 2002:[[Star Screen Award Best Supporting Actor|Best supporting Actor Award]] - [[Ajay Devgan]]
*'''Won''', 2002:[[Star Screen Award Most Promising Newcomer - Male]] for ''[[Vivek Oberoi]]''

==Cast==
===''[[Satya (1998 film)|Satya]]''===
* [[J. D. Chakravarthy]] as Satya
* [[Urmila Matondkar]] as Vidya
* [[Paresh Rawal]] as Commissioner Amod Shukla
* [[Manoj Bajpayee]] as Bhiku Mhatre

===''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]''===
* [[Mohanlal]] as Srinivasan IPS
* [[Ajay Devgan]] as N. Malik
* [[Manisha Koirala]] as Saroja
* [[Vivek Oberoi]] as Chandrakant (Chandu)
* [[Seema Biswas]] as Ranibai
* [[Antara Mali]] as Kannu

===''[[D (film)|D]]''===
* [[Randeep Hooda]] as Deshu
* [[Chunky Pandey]] as Raghav
* [[Rukhsar Rehman]] as Bhakti Bhatnagar
* [[Isha Koppikar]] as Gunjan

===''[[Satya 2]]''===
* [[Puneet Singh Ratn]] as Satya (Hindi version)
* [[Sharwanand]] as Satya (Telugu version)
* [[Anaika Soti]] as Chitra<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/14003-ram-gopal-varma-unveils-first-look-of-satya-2.html |title=Ram Gopal Varma Unveils First Look of 'Satya 2' |publisher=Indiawest.com |date=3 October 2013 |access-date=9 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121003255/http://www.indiawest.com/news/14003-ram-gopal-varma-unveils-first-look-of-satya-2.html |archive-date=21 November 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* [[Mahesh Thakur]] as Builder Lahoti
* Amitriyaan as Naara (Satya's only friend)
* Aradhna Gupta as Special<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Newbie-Aradhna-Guptas-Special-B-Town-debut/articleshow/24340779.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021023448/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-19/news-interviews/43199037_1_b-town-debut-satya-kathak |url-status=live |archive-date=21 October 2013 |title=Newbie Aradhna Gupta's 'Special' B-Town debut |date=19 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131010/entertainment-bollywood/article/meet-ramu%E2%80%99s-new-heroine |title=Meet Ramu's new heroine |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203035719/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131010/entertainment-bollywood/article/meet-ramu%E2%80%99s-new-heroine |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Share This |url=http://www.koimoi.com/photos/satya-2-trailer-launch/attachment/ram-gopal-varma-puneet-singh-rath-anaika-soti-and-aradhana-gupta-at-satya-2-trailer-launch/ |title=Ram Gopal Varma, Puneet Singh Rath, Anaika Soti And Aradhana Gupta At Satya 2 Trailer Launch |publisher=Koimoi.com |date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=9 November 2013}}</ref>
* Raj Premi as RK
* [[Sana Khan]] as Special
* Amal Sehrawat as TK
* [[Ashok Samarth]] as Solomon
* Kaushal Kapoor as Retd. Dy. Commissioner Purshottam
* Vikram Singh as Anna<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.satya2.in/characters.html |title=Satya 2 movie cast|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131001193603/http://www.satya2.in/characters.html |work=Satya 2 Official Website |date=1 October 2013 |archive-date=1 October 2013}}</ref>

=== ''[[D Company (2021 film)|D Company]]'' ===
* Ashwat Kanth as Dawood Ibrahim
* Pranay Dixit as Chota Shakeel
* Abhilash Chaudhary as Alamzeb
* Rudra Kanth as Sabir
*[[Naina Ganguly]] as Sujatha
* Gaurav Daagar as Vishal Cheeta
* Rocky Mahajan as Samad Khan
* Irra Mor as Chitra
* Mursaleem Qureshi as Jhoni Akhawat
* Anshu Rajput as Haseena
* Heramb Tripathi as Aamir Zada
* Vikas Rao as Javed

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
* [http://www.witsindia.com/satya/ Official Site]
* {{IMDb title|qid=Q7426859|title=Satya}}
*{{IMDb title|qid=Q225093|title=Company}}
*{{IMDb title|qid=Q109252847|title=D Company}}
*[http://comsen.se/films/Company.htm Company Movie Portal]
* {{IMDb title|qid=Q5207062|title=D}}

[[Category:Crime film series]]
[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:Indian film series]]
[[Category:Mafia films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Indian crime films]]
[[Category:1998 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ram Gopal Varma]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films adapted into television shows]]

Pretham

2026-03-03T20:37:14Z

KaveriKumari2: made details - done

{{short description|2016 film by Ranjith Sankar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pretham
| image = Pretham film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Ranjith Sankar]]
| producer = Ranjith Sankar [[Jayasurya]]
| writer = Ranjith Sankar
| starring = [[Jayasurya]] [[Govind Padmasoorya]] [[Sharaf U Dheen]] [[Aju Varghese]] [[Shruthi Ramachandran]]
| music = [[Anand Madhusoodanan]]
| cinematography = Jithu Damodar
| editing = V. Saajan
| studio = [[Jayasurya|Dreams N Beyond]]
| distributor = {{Plain list|
* [[Fox Star Studios]]
* Central Pictures
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2016|08|12|[[India]]}}
| runtime = 126 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = {{Estimation}}{{INR}} 12.45 [[crore]]<ref name="James" />
}}
'''''Pretham''''' ({{translation|[[Ghost]]}}) is a [[List of Malayalam films of 2016|2016]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] [[comedy horror]] [[Drama film|drama]] [[film]], written, co-produced, and directed by [[Ranjith Sankar]]. The film stars [[Jayasurya]], [[Govind Padmasoorya]], [[Sharaf U Dheen]], [[Aju Varghese]], [[Shruthi Ramachandran]], [[Pearle Maaney]], [[Dharmajan Bolgatty]] and [[Hareesh Peradi]] in prominent roles. It is co-produced by Sankar and Jayasurya. The film was a commercial success and in 2018 a [[sequel]], [[Pretham 2]], was released.<ref>{{citation |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Jayasurya-ropes-in-Shruti-Ramachandran-for-Pretham/articleshow/52416843.cms|last1=Somani|first1=Deepa|date=25 May 2016| work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 May 2016|title=Jayasurya ropes in Shruti Ramachandran for Pretham}}</ref>

It was [[remade]] in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] under the title ''[[Raju Gari Gadhi 2]]''. It is also the third collaboration of Sankar and Jayasurya after ''[[Punyalan Agarbattis]]'' and ''[[Su.. Su... Sudhi Vathmeekam]]''.<ref name="IBT1">{{citation |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/jayasurya-ranjith-sankar-announce-their-next-horror-comedy-pretham-665657|last1=James|first1=Anu|date=4 February 2016| work=[[International Business Times]]|access-date=30 May 2016|title=Jayasurya and Ranjith Sankar announce their next horror comedy 'Pretham'}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in [[Cherai]], [[Ernakulam]], on 24 May 2016.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/pretham-begins-filming-malayalam-news-159628.html|date=25 May 2016| work=IndiaGlitz|access-date=30 May 2016|title='Pretham' begins filming}}</ref> The film was released on 12 August 2016.<ref name="IBT1"/> A sequel titled ''[[Pretham 2]]'' was released in 2018.

== Plot ==
Three young men - Denny Kokken, Shibu Majeed and Priyalal - have been friends since college. Together, they work till they hit their 30s and start their own business so that they can enjoy life in a semi-retired manner. They invest all their money in a resort in Kerala. However, their happy beginning is thwarted by paranormal activities, and they approach John Don Bosco, an [[exorcist]], who works as a [[The Mentalist|mentalist]] on cruise ships and in the entertainment industry. John also assists the police as a human lie detector with his [[cold reading]] techniques.

John informs the three hoteliers that their resort is haunted by a ghost who is seeking answers as to who killed her, why was she killed, and what did they gain from her death. Through his investigation, John reveals that the ghost is Clara, a bright and intelligent student from National Law College. Amrita, the college principal's daughter was jealous of Clara's popularity and the fondness of her father towards Clara. Amrita secretly filmed Clara while bathing in the same resort owned by the three hoteliers and leaked it online. Unable to bear the shame, Clara committed suicide, by jumping off the building. John brings justice to Clara by answering her questions. He asks Amrita to see Clara by touching his hand. She falls down in shock, cringing away from the ghost glaring at her. This proves her guilt and she is arrested for the crime.

== Cast ==
*[[Jayasurya]] as John Don Bosco, an [[exorcist]] and [[Mentalism|mentalist]]
*[[Govind Padmasoorya]] as Shibu Majeed
*[[Sharaf U Dheen]] as Priyalal
*[[Aju Varghese]] as Denny Kokken
*[[Shruthi Ramachandran]] as Clara
*Sharanya Menon as Amritha
*[[Nyla Usha]] as Maya Thomas
*[[Pearle Maaney]] as Suhaanisa
*[[Dharmajan Bolgatty]] as Yeshu
*[[Sunil Sukhada]]
*Sathi Premji as Mary (Dakini)
*[[Hareesh Peradi]] as Priest
*[[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Principal of National Law College and Amritha's father
*[[Vijay Babu (actor, born 1976)|Vijay Babu]] as [[Deputy commissioner of police (India)|Commissioner]] Akash Kurien [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
*[[Arya Rohit]] as Shalini
*[[Biyon]] as Tony
*[[Sini Abraham]] as Lecturer of National Law College

== Production ==
In 2000, Ranjith Sankar wrote the script for the TV serial, ''Nizhalukal'', "probably the first horror serial" to premiere on Malayalam television. Citing it as an inspiration for the film, he said, "(I) have thought of umpteen subjects to explore the genre in movies all these years before arriving on this. Pretham is a horror comedy," on his Facebook profile.<ref name="IBT1"/>

Jayasurya played a [[Mentalism|Mentalist]] named John Don Bosco alongside [[Shruthi Ramachandran]] and [[Pearle Maaney]]. Initially, [[Mamta Mohandas]] was considered for the lead role but didn't materialize.<ref name="Full Cast & Crew">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5436168/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm |title=Full Cast & Crew |website=[[IMDb]] |date=2017-09-03 |access-date=2017-09-03}}</ref> [[Justin Jose]], known for his work in the Telugu film ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' and the Bollywood film ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'', did the [[sound design]]. The filming began on 24 May 2016 in the small town of [[Cherai]] in [[Ernakulam]].

== Music ==
Music: [[Anand Madhusoodanan]] Lyrics: [[Rafeeq Ahamed]].

===Single===

* Oruthikku Pinnil - [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]

== Release ==
''Pretham'' was released on 12 August 2016.

== Box office ==
The film had over 40% hike in collection from day 1 to day 2 at the Indian box office. It grossed {{INR}}6.7 crore in three days.<ref>{{cite news|first=Anu|last=James|title=Kerala box office: Jayasurya's 'Pretham' and 'IDI' cross Rs. 2 crore mark in 3 days|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-box-office-jayasuryas-pretham-idi-cross-rs-2-crore-mark-3-days-690038|access-date=17 August 2016|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=16 August 2016}}</ref> It remained in more than 185 screens in Kerala in its third week.<ref>{{cite news|last=James|first=Anu|title=Kerala box office: Jayasurya's 'Pretham' enters Rs. 10 crore club|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-box-office-jayasuryas-pretham-enters-rs-10-crore-club-691738|access-date=19 November 2016|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=30 August 2016}}</ref> The film grossed {{INR}}18 crore in 23 days at the Indian box office.<ref name="James">{{cite news|last=James|first=Anu|title=Kerala box office: 'Pretham' becomes biggest solo blockbuster of Jayasurya|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-box-office-pretham-becomes-biggest-solo-blockbuster-jayasurya-692615|access-date=19 November 2016|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=6 September 2016|language=en}}</ref> The film collected $4,650 from UK box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&wk=2016W38&id=_fPRETHAM01|title=Pretham|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=18 September 2016}}</ref> The film collected ₹25 lakhs from USA box office in its third weekend.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-overseas/pink-collects-6-55-crores-overseas-markets/|title='Pink' collects 6.55 crores in the overseas markets|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=20 September 2016}}</ref> It was a commercial success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2018/jan/11/jayasurya-ranjith-sankar-join-hands-for-their-next-njan-marykutty-1751373.html|title=Jayasurya, Ranjith Sankar join hands for their next 'Njan Marykutty'|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=11 January 2018}}</ref>

== Sequel ==
{{main article|Pretham 2}}

The sequel to the film was titled ''[[Pretham 2]]'' and was released on 21 December 2018 during the Christmas season.

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|5436168}}
{{Ranjith Sankar}}

[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Films set in Kerala]]
[[Category:2016 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Malayalam films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:2016 comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ranjith Sankar]]
[[Category:Malayalam films in series]]

Navras Katha Collage

2026-03-02T04:39:11Z

KaveriKumari2: Created A Article

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Navras Katha Collage
| image = File:Navras Katha Collage.jpeg
| caption = Official poster
| director = Praveen Hingonia
| writer = Praveen Hingonia
| producer = {{Ubl| SKH Patel
| Praveen Hingonia}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Praveen Hingonia
* [[Alka Amin]]
* [[Sheeba Chaddha]]
* Atul Shrivastava
* [[Sunita Rajwar]]
* Paritosh Tripathi
* [[Shaji Choudhary|Shaji Chaudhary]]
* [[Dayanand Shetty]]
* [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]]
* Nilu Kohli
* [[Revathi Pillai]]
* [[Amardeep Jha]]
* Swar Hingonia
}}
| cinematography =
| editing = Ajay Varma
| music = Asif Chandwani
| studio = Swardhrupad Production
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2024|10|25|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''Navras Katha Collage'''''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Navras Katha Collage Movie Review: This film is bold in concept but falls short in execution |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/navras-katha-collage/amp_movie_review/114559357.cms |access-date=26 October 2024 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2024 |title=Navras Katha Collage Review: 9 कहानियों का बेहतरीन संगम है प्रवीण हिंगोनिया की फिल्म, पढ़ें रिव्यू |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/navras-katha-collage-review-praveen-hingonia-movie-is-a-good-mix-of-9-stories-review-114611172/amp |access-date=26 October 2024 |website=Times Now Navbharat |language=hi}}</ref> is a 2024 Indian Hindi-language [[drama film]] written and directed by Praveen Hingonia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Praveen Hingonia's Navras Katha Collage To Release On October 25 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/praveen-hingonias-navras-katha-collage-to-release-on-october-25-9096153.html |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Murtaza Ali |date=28 September 2024 |title=A challenge to make every portrayal feel authentic while maintaining emotional narrative: Praveen Hingonia on 'Navras Katha Collage' |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/featured/a-challenge-to-make-every-portrayal-feel-authentic-while-maintaining-emotional-narrative-praveen-hingonia-on-navras-katha-collage |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=The Sunday Guardian Live |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Promotional Tour Of Film 'Navras Katha Collage' Reaches Indore |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/promotional-tour-of-film-navras-katha-collage-reaches-indore |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> It is produced by Praveen Hingonia, SKH Patel and co produced by Abhishek Mishra.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The crew of Navras Katha Collage embarked on a journey from Kashmir to Kanyakumari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/the-crew-of-navras-katha-collage-embarked-on-a-journey-from-kashmir-to-kanyakumari/articleshow/113519153.cms |access-date=24 October 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It stars Praveen Hingonia, [[Alka Amin]], [[Sheeba Chaddha]], Atul Shrivastava, [[Sunita Rajwar]], Paritosh Tripathi, [[Dayanand Shetty]], [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]] and [[Shaji Choudhary|Shaji Chaudhary]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Excelsior |first=Daily |date=11 September 2024 |title=Award winning film 'Navras Katha Collage' team seeks support in Jammu |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/award-winning-film-navras-katha-collage-team-seeks-support-in-jammu/ |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=Daily Excelsior |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Developer |first=Web |title=Grand Trailer launch of producer, director, writer, actor Praveen Hingonia's award winning social film Navras Katha Collage |url=https://www.mid-day.com/buzz/article/grand-trailer-launch-of--producer-director-writer-actor-praveen-hingonias-award-winning-social-film-navras-katha-collage-2133 |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=Mid-day}}</ref> Before its release the film screened and awarded in various film festivals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2024 |title=Navras Katha Collage : आखिरी समय पर मेकर्स ने बदली फिल्म की रिलीज डेट, अब इस दिन सिनेमाघरों में देगी दस्तक |url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/entertainment-hindi/praveen-hingonia-film-navras-katha-collage-makers-changed-the-release-date-at-the-last-moment-now-it-will-be-released-on-25th-october-7342426/ |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=India.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=इंडिया इंटरनेशनल फिल्म फेस्टिवल ऑफ बोस्टन में 'नवरस कथा कोलाज' को मिला बेस्ट सोशल फिल्म अवार्ड |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/hindi/entertainment/report-praveen-hingonia-navras-katha-collage-won-best-social-film-award-at-indian-international-film-festival-of-bost-4132346/amp |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=DNA Hindi |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=58 अवार्ड्स जीतने वाली फिल्म "Navras Katha Collage" का ट्रेलर लॉन्च |url=https://mayapuri.com/photos/entertainment/praveen-hingonia-invites-the-honble-pm-narendra-modi-for-screening-of-international-awards-winning-film-navras-katha-collage-7047822/amp |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=mayapuri.com |language=hi}}</ref> The film is set to release in theaters on 25 October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2024 |title=प्रवीण हिंगोनिया की फिल्म 'नवरस कथा कोलाज'की बदली रिलीज डेट, अब इस दिन देगी सिनेमाघरों में दस्तक |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood-paritosh-tripathi-movie-navras-katha-collage-will-now-be-released-on-25-october-2024-praveen-hingonia-wins-58-award-for-the-film-8788925.html |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

== Cast ==
Praveen Hingonia in various roles; a eunuch, lover, rapist, patriot, struggling actor, amorous husband, caring spouse, and a father seeking his son’s approval.
* [[Alka Amin]] as Punjabi mother
* [[Sheeba Chaddha]] as office boss
* Atul Shrivastava
* [[Sunita Rajwar]]
* Paritosh Tripathi as Koyal’s husband
* [[Shaji Choudhary|Shaji Chaudhary]]
* [[Dayanand Shetty]] as Pakistani army officer
* [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]] as a superstar
* [[Neelu Kohli]]
* [[Revathi Pillai]] as Koyal
* Ruhana Khanna as Ruhana
* [[Amardeep Jha]]
* Swar Hingonia

== Plot ==
Navras Katha Collage explores the nine core emotions, known as Navras, that shape the human experience.<ref name=":16"/> Through a series of interconnected stories, the film portrays the spectrum of emotions, including joy, sorrow, anger, and wonder.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=WGranm6oLbY |title=Navras Katha Collage Review {{!}} 'Navras Katha Collage' Is directed By Praveen Hingonia |date=23 October 2024 |last=NDTV |access-date=24 October 2024 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Each narrative reflects the various highs and lows of life, with a single actor portraying multiple characters to bring these emotions to life.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Navras Katha Collage – Swardhrupad Productions |url=https://swardhrupadproductions.com/index.php/navras-katha-collage/ |access-date=24 October 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> The film captures the essence of humanity, offering a profound reflection on the emotional complexities that define human existence.<ref name=":16" />

== Screening and awards ==
* India International Film Festival of Boston (Best Social Film)<ref name=":17" />
* Rajasthan International Film Festival (Best Hindi Feature Film)<ref>{{Cite web |title=RIFF {{!}} Rajasthan International Film Festival, RIFF Jaipur, Jaipur RIFF, riff 2024, 27 to 31 Jan 2024 at The Gem Cinema Jaipur, Rajasthan largest Film Festival in JAIPUR, JODHPUR, UDAIPUR, JAISALMER, Rajasthan, INDIA |url=https://riffjaipur.org/festival2024.htm |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=riffjaipur.org}}</ref>
* Chambal International Film Festival (Best Feature Film)<ref name=":18" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt26249782}}

{{Portal bar|Film|India|Bollywood}}

[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 drama films]]

Rupnarayan River

2026-03-01T04:19:39Z

KaveriKumari2: cleanup

{{short description|River in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Rupnarayan River
| native_name = {{native name|bn|রূপনারায়ণ নদী}}
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology = 
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| map = Damodar Map.jpg
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 = City
| subdivision_name5 = [[Kolaghat]], [[Tamluk]]
| length =
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location = [[Hooghly River]]
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max = 
| source1 =
| source1_location = [[Purulia]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| source1_coordinates =
| source1_elevation =
| mouth =
| mouth_location = [[India]]
| mouth_coordinates =
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| progression =
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| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
[[File:Rupnarayan_river_and_hooghly_river_conecting_at_Gadiara.jpg|thumb|Rupnarayan river and Hooghly river connecting at Gadiara]]
The '''Rupnarayan''' is a [[river]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It begins as the Dhaleswari (Dhalkisor) in the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chhota Nagpur]] plateau foothills northeast of the town of [[Purulia]]. It then follows a tortuous southeasterly course past the town of [[Bankura]], where it is known as the [[Dwarakeswar river]]. Near the town of [[Ghatal]], it is joined by the [[Shilabati river]], where it takes the name Rupnarayan. Finally, it discharges into the [[Hoogli River]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Rupnarayan River |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rupnarayan-River |access-date=1 January 2025 |work=[[Britannica]]}}</ref>

It is famous for the [[Hilsa]] fish that thrives in its waters and is used in [[Bengali cuisine]]. It is also notable for the West Bengal Power Development Corporation Limited ([[WBPDCL]]) thermal power plant built along its bank at [[Kolaghat]] in [[West Bengal]]. The river also passes through Bagnan in [[Howrah district]] and forms the eastern boundary of district [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]] with district Howrah.{{cn|date=March 2026}}

== History ==
A distinctive fact about this river is that, [[Tamralipta Kingdom|Tamralipta]] port (ancient Gupta port) was on the banks of Rupnarayan river.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamluk, a port city as old as the Mahabharata |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/tamluk-a-port-city-as-old-as-the-mahabharata-yet-lost-in-history/cid/2028906}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Environment|Ecology}}
* [[List of rivers of India]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Rivers in and around Bengal}}

{{Coord|22|13|N|88|03|E|display=title|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Rivers of West Bengal]]

{{India-river-stub}}

Kendriya Vidyalaya IIT Kanpur

2026-02-22T13:55:11Z

KaveriKumari2: made basic info nd citations...

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| schooltype = Government
| established = 1965
| logo =
| classes = 1st to Grade 12th
| principal = Mr. Shri R. C. Pandey
| enrollment = 2091
| authority = Ministry of Education [MoE]
| website = http://iitkanpur.kvs.ac.in
| location = Kendriya Vidyalaya [[IIT Kanpur]], 208016, UP, India
}}

'''Kendriya Vidyalaya IIT Kanpur''' is a school situated in the [[IIT Kanpur]] campus, [[Kanpur]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It was established in 1965 and is part of the [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]] system of schools. It has classes from grades I to XII.

== History ==
In 1965, Kendriya Vidyalaya IIT Kanpur was granted two bungalows. The initial enrollment was 60 for VI to IX. Since then, it has grown.

==Academics==
The school offers class VI to XII, each with five sections. A secondary wing offers classes from I to V.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kviitkanpur.org/index.php|work=Introduction to Kendriya Vidyalaya, IIT Kanpur|accessdate=3 May 2014 |title=Parked Domain name on Hostinger DNS system }}</ref> Kedriya Vidyalaya follows the curriculum set by the Central Board of Secondary Education ([[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]).

*

==Achievements==
During the initial years a number of meritorious students enrolled. Some KVS students are accepted by prestigious institutions including Indian Institutes of Technology and [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences]].

Palash Katiyar received [[KVPY]] scholarships funded by [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]]. Abhishek Srivastav took 6th in the Junior Math Olympiad in the year 2011. Students won medals at national levels in sport including [[tennis]], [[badminton]], [[cricket]] and [[Athletics (sport)|athletics]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Achievements |url=http://www.kviitkanpur.org/innerpage.php?pagename=kvpy |accessdate=30 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502013328/http://www.kviitkanpur.org/innerpage.php?pagename=kvpy |archivedate= 2 May 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Olympiads |url=http://www.kviitkanpur.org/innerpage.php?pagename=olympiads |accessdate=30 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502015015/http://www.kviitkanpur.org/innerpage.php?pagename=olympiads |archivedate= 2 May 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sports |url=http://www.kviitkanpur.org/innerpage.php?pagename=gamesandsports |accessdate=30 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502015017/http://www.kviitkanpur.org/innerpage.php?pagename=gamesandsports |archivedate= 2 May 2014 }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]]
* [[IIT Kanpur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|26.5103898|80.2730313|display=title}}

[[Category:Kendriya Vidyalayas in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur]]
[[Category:Primary schools in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Schools in Kanpur]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1965]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Rajeev Gandhi Memorial Higher Secondary School

2026-02-21T06:38:01Z

KaveriKumari2: made new info - done

{{Short description|School in Mokeri, Kannur, Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Rajeev Gandhi Memorial Higher Secondary School
| image =
| city = Mokeri, [[Panoor (Municipality)|Panoor]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| postal_code = 670692
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|11|47|04.6|N|75|34|29.7|E|display=inline,title}}
| other_names = Rajeev Gandhi Memorial Higher Secondary School / Rajeev Gandhi Memorial HSS
| schooltype = High school/higher secondary school
| established = {{start date and age|26 June 1995}}
| affiliation = [[Kerala State Education Board]] ([http://www.scert.kerala.gov.in SCERT], [http://www.dhsekerala.gov.in/ DHSE])
| district = [[Kannur District|Kannur]]
| category = Government-aided
| school_number = Higher secondary - 13146
| school_code = 14028
| principal = A. K. Premadasan
| headmaster = C. P. Sudheendran
| staff = 115+
| teaching_staff = 110+
| grades = 8-12
| gender = co-education
| capacity = 3700+
| language = [[Malayalam]], English
| classrooms = 84
| campus_size = {{cvt|3.5|acre}}
| website = {{URL|rgmhss.com}}
}}
'''RGMHSS''' aka Rajeev Gandhi Memorial Higher Secondary School is a Higher Secondary School in [[Mokeri]], [[Kerala]]. Established in 1995, it is a prominent government-aided school in [[Kannur district]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=schoolist|url=http://dhsekerala.gov.in/schoolist.aspx?dcode=13|access-date=2021-03-04|website=dhsekerala.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajeev Gandhi Memorial Higher Secondary School Mokeri, Kannur {{!}} Admissions 2020-2021, Contacts, FAQs|url=https://uniformapp.in/oth/rajeev-gandhi-memorial-higher-secondary-school-mokeri-kannur-476138|access-date=2021-03-04|website=uniformapp.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajeev Gandhi Memorial Hss Mokeri High School, Kannur - Admissions, Address, Fees and Reviews 2021|url=https://www.icbse.com/schools/rajeev-gandhi-memorial-hss-mokeri-5kwz3y|access-date=2021-03-04|website=iCBSE|language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
The school was established by the Vallyayi Educational Society on 26 June 1995. The school is affiliated with the State Council of Educational Research and Training, Kerala. It is located in Mokeri, [[Panoor (Municipality)|Panoor]] in the Kannur district of Kerala. The school have grades starting from 8th standard to 12th standard. The school is ranked as one of the most well-established schools in Kerala with a good academic record.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-15|title=Poems of truth, hope by schoolchildren in Thomas Isaac's budget speech|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/poems-truth-hope-schoolchildren-thomas-isaacs-budget-speech-141539|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Poems written by school students find their way in Finance Minister's budget speech|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/poems-written-by-school-students-find-their-way-in-finance-minister-s-budget-speech-1.5360255|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=രാജീവ് ഗാന്ധി മെമ്മോറിയൽ എച്ച്.എസ്.എസ്.മൊകേരി - Schoolwiki|url=https://schoolwiki.in/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF|access-date=2021-03-04|website=schoolwiki.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Onlineclass {{!}} Rgmhss {{!}} Kerala|url=https://www.rgmhssfirstlap.net/|access-date=2021-03-04|website=RGMHSS|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2021-03-04|title=SSLC Results 2020|url=https://results.kite.kerala.gov.in:446/sslc/school_files/14028.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajeev Gandhi Memorial Higher Secondary School Mokeri Mokeri Panoor Kannur (Kerala) {{!}} StudyApt|url=https://www.studyapt.com/school-rajeev-gandhi-memorial-hss-mokeri-1/|access-date=2021-03-04|website=www.studyapt.com}}</ref>

The school has a library for further reading for the students and has 5000 books in its library. While starting the school in 1995 the school consists of only 55 students in 2 divisions. Later it increased considerably and now the school have 84 classrooms with 3900 students and more than 100 teachers included in High school and Higher secondary department.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RAJEEV GANDHI MEMMORIAL [sic] HSS, MOKERI,KANNUR - The Learning Point|url=http://www.thelearningpoint.net/home/school-listings/kerala-board/district-13/13146--RAJEEV-GANDHI-MEMMORIAL-HSS--MOKERI-KANNUR|access-date=2021-03-04|website=www.thelearningpoint.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Data Collection|url=http://103.251.43.156/schoolfixation/index.php/Publicview/index/schoolsdetails/2897#|access-date=2021-03-04|website=103.251.43.156}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=saharsham|url=https://rgmhssmokeri.blogspot.com/|access-date=2021-03-04|language=en}}</ref>

==Academics==
The school is located at Mokeri, a part of Panoor block, in the educational district of [[Thalassery]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=RGMHSS,Mokeri,Panoor|url=https://m.facebook.com/RgmhssMokeriPanoor/|access-date=2021-03-04|website=m.facebook.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=RAJEEV GANDHI MEMMORIAL HSS IN MOKERI, SCHOOLS IN MOKERI, SCHOOLS IN KANNUR, SCHOOLS IN KERALA, HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KERALA, KANNUR|url=http://www.themoderneducation.com/Kerala/Higher-Secondary-Schools/rajeev-gandhi-memmorial-hss-Schools-in-Mokeri-s10084.html|access-date=2021-03-04|website=www.themoderneducation.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajeev Gandhi Memorial Higher Secondary School, Panoor Kannur - Admissions 2019, Fee Structure|url=https://schools.olympiadsuccess.com/s/kannur/rajeev-gandhi-memorial-higher-secondary-school-mokeri-panoor-mokeri-kannur-670692|access-date=2021-03-04|website=schools.olympiadsuccess.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=RAJEEV GANDHI MEMORIAL HSS MOKERI - Mokeri, District Kannur (Kerala)|url=https://schools.org.in/kannur/32020600413/rajeev-gandhi-memorial-hss-mokeri.html|access-date=2021-03-04|website=schools.org.in|language=en}}</ref> This school has had the highest number of students appear for the [[Secondary School Leaving Certificate|SSLC examination]] in the [[Kannur district]] with more than 1000 students every year.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-03-10|title=Over 36,000 appear for SSLC exam in Kannur|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/over-36000-appear-for-sslc-exam-in-kannur/article6976762.ece|access-date=2021-03-05|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Also the school has been selected as the recipient of the award best 'Haritha Vidyalayam' in the state of Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Activities of Mathrubhumi SEED remarkable, says K. K. Shailaja|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/activities-of-mathrubhumi-seed-remarkable-says-k-k-shailaja-1.4416328|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en}}</ref> The school has been known for its excellence of extracurricular activities in the [[:ml:കേരള സ്കൂൾ ശാസ്ത്രോത്സവം|State School Science Fair (Sasthrolsavam)]] and [[Kerala School Kalolsavam]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sametham - Kerala School Data Bank.|url=https://sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in/14028|access-date=2021-03-05|website=sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=RGMHSS|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/mar/03/moral-policing-class-x-student-beaten-up-by-autorickshaw-driver-2271276.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-11-24|title=A fair high on drive and low on pomp|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/a-fair-high-on-drive-and-low-on-pomp/article25588239.ece|access-date=2021-03-05|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-01-06|title=Panur, Kannur North, Madayi in close race in school fete|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Panur-Kannur-North-Madayi-in-close-race-in-school-fete/article13983787.ece|access-date=2021-03-05|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Schools in Kannur district]]
[[Category:Education in Thalassery]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1995]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Kerala]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in Kerala]]

Kaimganj Assembly constituency

2026-01-30T23:31:20Z

KaveriKumari2:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kaimganj
| constituency_no = 192
| map_image = 192-Kaimganj.svg
| mla = [[Surabhi Singh|Dr. Surabhi Singh]]
| party = {{Party index link|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Farrukhabad district|Farrukhabad]]
| reservation = SC
| type= SLA
}}
'''Kaimganj''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Kaimganj in the [[Farrukhabad district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

Kaimganj is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Farrukhabad Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 192 amongst 403 constituencies.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|Kuldip Singh Gangwar<ref name="election2007">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3261-uttar-pradesh-2007/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Ajit Kumar (politician)|Ajit Kumar]]<ref name="election2012">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Amar Singh Khatik]]<ref name="election2017"/>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Surabhi Singh|Dr. Surabhi Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Apna Dal (Soneylal)}}
|-
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaimganj<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|candidate = Dr. Surabhi
|votes = {{formatnum:114952}}
|percentage = 47.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Sarvesh Ambedkar
|votes = {{formatnum:96409}}
|percentage = 39.97
|change = +5.83
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Durga Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:18443}}
|percentage = 7.65
|change = -5.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|candidate = Arun Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:4664}}
|percentage = 1.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Shakuntala
|votes = {{formatnum:2244}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1618}}
|percentage = 0.67
|change = -0.18
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:18543}}
|percentage = 7.68
|change = -7.95
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:241231}}
|percentage = 61.46
|change = +0.22
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate '''[[Amar Singh Khatik]]''' won in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate '''Dr. Surabhi''' by a margin of 36,622 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Kaimgan<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Amar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:116304}}
|percentage = 49.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Dr. Surabhi
|votes = {{formatnum:79779}}
|percentage = 34.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ram Swaroop Gautam
|votes = {{formatnum:31437}}
|percentage = 13.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1964}}
|percentage = 0.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:36525}}
|percentage = 15.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:233683}}
|percentage = 61.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|27.55|79.33|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Farrukhabad district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Lachhman Singh of Sikar

2026-01-26T14:22:14Z

KaveriKumari2: made new bio first draft

{{Short description|Rao Raja of Sikar from 1795 to 1833}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Lachhman Singh
| succession = [[Raja|Rao Raja]] of [[Sikar (estate)|Sikar]]
| reign = 1795 – 1833
| predecessor = [[Devi Singh of Sikar|Devi Singh]]
| successor = [[Rampratap Singh|Ram Pratap Singh]]
| death_date = 1833
| issue = *
{{plainlist|
* Hamir Singh
* [[Rampratap Singh|Ram Pratap Singh]]
* [[Bhairon Singh of Sikar|Bhairon Singh]]
}}
| house = [[Sikar (estate)|Sikar]]
| father = [[Devi Singh of Sikar|Devi Singh]] (adoptive)
| mother = Kanlotji
| dynasty = [[Shekhawat]]
}}
'''Lachhman Singh''' (sometimes '''Laxman Singh''' or '''Lakshman Singh''') was the [[Rao Raja]] of [[Sikar (estate)|Sikar]] from 1795 until his death in 1833.
== Early life ==
He was born to the Thakur of Shahpura.<ref name=":1" /> Since [[Devi Singh of Sikar|Devi Singh]] of [[Sikar (estate)|Sikar]] had no male heir, he adopted him as his son and successor.<ref name=":1" />

== Succession ==
After the death of [[Devi Singh of Sikar|Devi Singh]] in 1795, he became the [[Rao Raja]] of [[Sikar]].<ref name=":3" /> His mother, Kanlotji, served as regent, and Dhabhai Surajmal was appointed as a ministerial officer.<ref name=":3" /> [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]] authorities were not in favor of his succession and sent a force under the command of Nandram Haldia to remove him from the throne of [[Sikar (estate)|Sikar]].<ref name=":1" /> His mother dispatched a delegation to Nandram imploring him not to act against the son of his deceased friend.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> In response, Nandram explained that he could not disobey the command of his ruler and suggested they gather a large force to oppose him as he approached the place.<ref name=":1" /> It was done, and when Nandram approached Sikar, he found a force of 10,000 ready to oppose him.<ref name=":1" /> Nandram then informed the [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]] authorities that Sikar could not be taken without a great loss of time, men, and money.<ref name=":1" /> Therefore, the best course of action would be to accept Sikar's submission.<ref name=":1" /> Before he received any response from the [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]] authorities, Nandram lifted the siege after taking 200,000 Rs. as nazrana for his ruler and a present of 100,000 Rs. for himself.<ref name=":1" />

== Reign ==
When he came of age, he demolished all the castles of his inferior feudatories and did not even spare those of Bilara, Bathoti, Kasli, and his biological family of [[Shahpura, Jaipur|Shahpura]].<ref name=":1" /> As a result, his own biological father preferred to live in exile rather than under his rule.<ref name=":1" /> He built the [[Laxmangarh Fort]] in 1805 and founded the town of [[Laxmangarh]] in 1807.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=kesharlal Ajmera |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.66091/ |title=The Jaipur Album Or All About Jaipur |date=1935 |pages=50}}</ref> He had the fort and city built based on the model of [[Jaipur]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tORAAQAAMAAJ |title=Provincial Series: Central Provinces |date=1908 |publisher=Superintendent of Gevernment Printing |pages=264 |language=en}}</ref> He participated in the battle of Fatehpur in 1799 and the relief of Shahpura.<ref name=":0" /> [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh]] conferred on him the title of [[Rao Raja]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bayley |first=C. S. |url=https://archive.org/details/chiefsleadingfam00csba |title=Chiefs and leading families in Rajputana |date=2004 |publisher=New Delhi : Asian Educational Services |others=Public Resource |isbn=978-81-206-1066-8 |pages=76}}</ref> Over the years, he gained influence at the court at [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]] and received a [[Khalat|khillat]] from [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Agarwal |first=B. D. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120406/ |title=Rajasthan District Gazetteers Sikar |date=1960 |pages=32–33,39–41}}</ref> He seized 28 villages and the town of [[Khandela]] from its Rajas.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_qiVAgAAQBAJ |title=Khandela Raj: A Short History of the Rulers of Khandela |date=2012-07-06 |publisher=Thakur Natwar Singh |pages=30 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In 1819, he paid 900,000 rupees to [[Amir Khan (Nawab of Tonk)|Amir Khan]] on behalf of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]] and received the estate of [[Khandela]] as a grant from [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=R.K Gupta |url=https://archive.org/details/rajasthan-through-the-ages-set-of-4-vol/Rajasthan%20Through%20The%20Ages%20Vol%203%20%20Bakshi%20S.R./ |title=Studies In Indian History Rajasthan Through The Ages The Heritage Of Rajputs Set Of 4 Vols. by R.K. Gupta |date=2008 |pages=8–9, 121}}</ref> He held it as an [[istimrari]] lease from [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]].<ref name=":1" /> When [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh]] died, his wife, Rani Bhatianiji, became the regent of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]].<ref name=":1" /> During her administration, court intrigues became widespread, and he was always found on her side.<ref name=":1" /> In 1822, Rani Bhatianiji persuaded him to give up [[Khandela]], which was restored to its rightful claimants in 1835.<ref name=":2" /> As compensation for building a fort at [[Khandela]], he was granted 12 villages.<ref name=":2" />

== Personal life ==
He had seven wives.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Sinh |first=Ranbir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EduAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Shekhawats |date=2001 |publisher=Publication Scheme |isbn=978-81-86782-74-3 |pages=160 |language=en}}</ref> Besides them, he had eight paswans (mistresses).<ref name=":3" /> He had three [[Legitimate birth|legitimate]] sons: Hamir Singh, [[Rampratap Singh|Ram Pratap Singh]], and [[Bhairon Singh of Sikar|Bhairon Singh]].<ref name=":3" />

== Death ==
He died in 1833 and was succeeded by his son [[Rampratap Singh|Ram Pratap Singh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Rima Hooja |url=https://archive.org/details/a-history-of-rajasthan/ |title=A History Of Rajasthan |pages=1025,1251,1283}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:1833 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Sikar]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:People from Rajputana]]

Raipur, Bankura (community development block)

2026-01-01T06:05:51Z

KaveriKumari2:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{distinguish|text=[[Raipur]], The Capital City of [[Chhattisgarh]]}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Raipur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = Raipur BDO Office Main Entrance.jpg
| caption = Raipur BDO Office Main Entrance
|image_map = File:Raipur in Bankura (West Bengal).svg
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.80|N|86.95|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}}[[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bankura district|Bankura]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Representative democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 364.40
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 79
| population_total = 171,377
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 722134 (Garhraipur) 722162 (Fulkusma)
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 03243
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-67, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-68
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 71.33%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bankura]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Raipur, Bankura (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raipur]]
| website = {{URL|raipurdevelopmentblock.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Raipur BDO Office Main Building.jpg|thumb|Raipur BDO Office Main Building]]
'''Raipur''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the [[Khatra subdivision]] of the [[Bankura district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==History==

===From Bishnupur kingdom to the British Raj===
{{Main|History of Bankura district}}

From around the 7th century AD till around the advent of British rule, for around a millennium, history of [[Bankura district]] is identical with the rise and fall of the Hindu Rajas of [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]]. The Bishnupur Rajas, who were at the summit of their fortunes towards the end of the 17th century, started declining in the first half of the 18th century. First, the [[Bardhaman Raj|Maharaja of Burdwan]] seized the Fatehpur Mahal, and then the [[Bargi|Maratha]] invasions laid waste their country.<ref name=omalley>{{cite web| url = http://bankura.gov.in/gezetter.htm |title = Bengal District Gazetteers: Bankura |last = O’Malley |first= L.S.S. | publisher= Bankura District Authorities | access-date = 29 August 2016}}</ref>

Bishnupur was ceded to the British with the rest of Burdwan chakla in 1760. In 1787, Bishnupur was united with [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]] to form a separate administrative unit. In 1793 it was transferred to the Burdwan collectorate. In 1879, the district acquired its present shape with the thanas of Khatra and Raipur and the outpost of Simplapal being transferred from Manbhum, and the thanas of Sonamukhi, Kotulpur and Indas being retransferred from Burdwan. However, it was known for sometime as West Burdwan and in 1881 came to be known as Bankura district.<ref name=omalley/>

===Red corridor===
106 districts spanning 10 states across India, described as being part of the [[Far-left politics|Left wing extremism]] activities, constitutes the [[Red corridor]]. In [[West Bengal]] the districts of [[Paschim Medinipur]], [[Bankura]], [[Purulia]] and [[Birbhum]] are part of the Red corridor. However, as of July 2016, there had been no reported incidents of [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)|Maoist]] related activities from these districts for the previous 4 years.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/red-corridor-to-be-redrawn/article8894304.ece |title = Red Corridor to be redrawn |last = Singh|first= Vijayita | publisher= The Hindu, 25 July 2016 | access-date = 29 August 2016}}</ref>

The CPI (Maoist) extremism which started in the district in the mid-nineties was mainly concentrated in five police station areas of Khatra subdivision – Sarenga, Barikul, Ranibandh, Raipur and Simlapal. They also functioned across the adjoining areas of Paschim Medinipur and [[Purulia]] districts.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://bankurapolice.org/about-us/ |title = Bankura District Police | publisher= Bankura Police District Authorities | access-date = 29 August 2016}}</ref>

The [[Operation Lalgarh|Lalgarh movement]], which started attracting attention after the failed assassination attempt on [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee]], then chief minister of West Bengal, in the Salboni area of Paschim Medinipur district, on 2 November 2008 and the police action that followed, had also spread over to these areas.<ref name="Lalgarh Battle">{{Cite news| url = http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2614/stories/20090717261412900.htm | title = Lalgarh Battle |magazine = Frontline|date= 17 July 2009 |access-date = 23 July 2016}}</ref> The movement was not just a political struggle but an armed struggle that concurrently took the look of a social struggle. A large number of CPI (M) activists were killed. Although the epi-centre of the movement was [[Lalgarh, Paschim Medinipur|Lalgarh]], it was spread across 19 police stations in three adjoining districts – Paschim Medinipur, Bankura and Purulia, all thickly forested and near the border with Jharkhand. The deployment of [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] and other forces started on 11 June 2009. The movement came to an end after the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011 state assembly elections]] and change of government in West Bengal. The death of [[Kishenji]], the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)|Maoist]] commander, on 24 November 2011 was the last major landmark.<ref name="Lalgarh Battle"/><ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kishenjis-death-a-serious-blow-to-maoist-movement/article2657105.ece| title = Kishenji's death a serious blow to Maoist movement |newspaper = The Hindu|date= 25 November 2011|access-date = 23 July 2016}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Bakura District.svg|500px|thumb|Map of Bankura District showing CD blocks and municipalities]]
Raipur is located at {{coord|22.80|N|86.95|E|format=dms|}}.

Raipur CD block is located in the south-eastern part of the district and belongs to the hard rock area. There are picturesque low hills, locally called ''masaker pahar''. Western part of Raipur block is actually a part of [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf|title =District Census Handbook Bankura |work = pages 13-17 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 8 December 2016}}</ref>

Raipur CD block is bounded by [[Khatra (community development block)|Khatra]] CD block on the north, [[Sarenga, Bankura (community development block)|Sarenga]] CD block on the east, [[Binpur II]] CD block, in Paschim Medinipur, on the south and [[Ranibandh (community development block)|Ranibandh]] CD block on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Map on fifth page| publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 8 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/paschim-mednipur.html | title = Paschim Medinipur CD block/ Tehsil Map | publisher = Maps of India |access-date = 8 April 2020}}</ref>

Raipur CD block has an area of 369.92 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 10 [[gram panchayat]]s, 131 gram sansads (village councils), 206 [[mouza]]s, 197 inhabited villages and 1 [[census town]]. [[Raipur, Bankura#Police station|Raipur]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura | work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 May 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Raipur, Bankura|Gar Raipur]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Bankura | work = Map of Bankura with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 20 November 2016 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Raipur block/ panchayat samiti are: Dundar, Dhanara, Dheko, [[Mandankuli]], [[Matgoda]], Melera, [[Phulkusma]], Raipur, Shyamsundarpur and Sonagara.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Bankura - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 27 August 2016}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Raipur CD block had a total population of 171,377, of which 165,097 were rural and 6,280 were urban. There were 87,339 (51%) males and 84,038 (49%) females. Population in the age range of 0 to 6 years was 19,702. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 37,457 (21.86%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 47,398 (27.66%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 29 August 2016}}</ref>

According to the 2001 census, Raipur block had a total population of 151,274, out of which 77,184 were males and 74,090 were females. Raipur block registered a population growth of 40.13 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 13.79 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_13.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Bankura District | access-date = 18 August 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928204920/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_13.htm |archive-date= 28 September 2011}}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 17 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

[[Census Town]]s in Raipur CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Raipur, Bankura|Raipur Bazar]] (6,280).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Raipur CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Matgoda]] (5,197), [[Mandankuli]] (4,011) and [[Phulkusma]] (4,003).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Raipur CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Melera (2,066), Shyamsundarpur (2,268), Sonagara (2,395), Dundar (1,677), Dhanara (1,832) and Dheko (1,537).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Raipur CD block was 108,188 (71.33% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 63,645 (82.53% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 44,543 (59.74%) of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 22.79%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Bankura district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Raipur CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|70.76}}
{{bar percent|Other (tribal religion)|maroon|27.66}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|1.30}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.28}}
}}

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 121,261 and formed 70.76% of the population in Raipur CD block. Muslims numbered 2,221 and formed 1.30% of the population. Others numbered 47,895 and formed 27.95% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 28 August 2016}}</ref> and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 68.93%, Muslims 1.19% and tribal religions 29.76% of the population respectively.<ref name=censusreligion2001>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=2001}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Raipur CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 72.21 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 22.85 |color2 = darkturquoise
|label3 = [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]] |value3 = 4.85 |color3 = pink
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.09 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 72.21% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 22.85% [[Santali language|Santali]] and 4.85% [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
In Raipur CD block, 49.98% families were living [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]] in 2007.<ref name=humandev2 >{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Bankura | work = April 2007. Page 27, Pages 237-244 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207213021/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | archive-date = 7 February 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 28.87% of the total number of families were [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] families in the Bankura district.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| title = West Bengal Summary| work = Rural Household Survey 2005| publisher = Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 10 April 2020| archive-date = 13 January 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200113235534/http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref>

Migration has been observed in the following CD blocks of Bankura district: Bankura I, Chhatna, Saltora, Indpur, Ranibandh, Hirbandh, Khatra, Raipur and Sarenga. Although authentic figures are not available, a sample survey has been done. According to the sample survey, around 54.5% to 85.4% of the families on an average migrate from these blocks. Another study shows that around 23% of the people from the under-privileged blocks in the western and southern Bankura migrate. Those migrating belong mostly to the SC or ST population. They migrate for periods varying from 15 days to 6/8 months. Most people migrate to meet their food deficit and go to Bardhaman and Hooghly districts but some go to Gujarat and Maharashtra as construction labour.<ref name=humandev2/>

==Economy==

===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Raipur CD block'''
|value1 = 23.41
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 58.73
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 2.90
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 14.96
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Raipur CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 18,316 and formed 23.41%, agricultural labourers numbered 45,944 and formed 58.73%, household industry workers numbered 2,269 and formed 2.90% and other workers numbered 11,704 and formed 14.96%.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 8 April 2020}}</ref> Total workers numbered 78,233 and formed 45.65% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 93,144 and formed 54.35% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 8 April 2020}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work =Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 27 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 8 April 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 197 inhabited villages in the Raipur CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Bankura, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 192 villages (97.46%) have drinking water supply. 25 villages (12.69%) have post offices. 132 villages (67.01%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 59 villages (29.95%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 69 villages (35.03%) have transport communication (includes bus service, private pool car services, toto services, 17 villages (8.63%) have agricultural credit societies and 5 villages (2.54%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Bankura, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 83, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
There were 69 fertiliser depots, 13 seed stores and 67 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura | work = Tables 8.2, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 May 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013–2014, persons engaged in agriculture in Raipur CD block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 2.31%, patta (document) holders 18.47%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 5.25%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 18.47% and agricultural labourers 55.50%.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2003-2004 net area sown Raipur CD block was 11,256 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 10,682 hectares.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Bankura | work = April 2007. Page: 58 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 August 2016 | archive-date = 7 February 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207213021/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013–2014, the total area irrigated in Raipur CD block was 18,927 hectares, out of which 14,072 hectares was by canal water, 2,030 hectares by tank water, 1,360 hectares by river lift irrigation, 385 hectares by shallow tubewell, 480 hectares by open dug wells and 600 hectares by other methods.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013–2014, Raipur CD block produced 44,430 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 16,373 hectares, 84 tonnes of Aus paddy from 31 hectares, 840 tonnes of Boro paddy from 363 hectares, 939 tonnes of wheat from 666 hectares and 39,760,000 tonnes of potatoes from 1,883 hectares. It also produced maize, pulses and mustard.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Handloom and pottery industries===
The handloom industry engages the largest number of persons in the non farm sector and hence is important in Bankura district. The handloom industry is well established in all the CD blocks of the district and includes the famous Baluchari saris. In 2004-05 Raipur CD block had 251 looms in operation.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Bankura | work = April 2007. Page: 85 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 August 2016 | archive-date = 7 February 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207213021/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Bankura district is famous for the artistic excellence of its pottery products that include the famous [[Bankura horse]]. The range of pottery products is categorised as follows: domestic utilities, terracota and other decorative items and roofing tiles and other heavy pottery items. Around 3,200 families were involved in pottery making in the district in 2002. 128 families were involved in Raipur CD Block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Bankura | work = April 2007. Pages: 83-84 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 August 2016 | archive-date = 7 February 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207213021/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2013–2014, Raipur CD block had offices of 6 commercial banks and 4 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
The Bankura district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 10 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref>

==Transport==
In 2013–2014, Raipur CD block had 11 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 65 km from the CD Block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2014/>

[[State Highway 4 (West Bengal)|State Highway 4]] running from Jhalda (in Purulia district) to Digha foreshore (in Purba Medinipur district) and [[State Highway 9 (West Bengal)|State Highway 9]] from Durgapur (in Paschim Bardhaman district) to Nayagram (in Jhargram district) cross at Raipur Bazar.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title =List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 23 August 2016}}</ref>

==Education==

In 2013–14, Raipur CD block had 199 primary schools with 15,846 students, 15 middle schools with 2,229 students, 3 high schools with 1,506 students and 26 higher secondary schools with 18,346 students. Raipur CD block had 1 Engineering College With 295 students and 1 general college with 1,084 students and 465 institutions for special and non-formal education with 8,013 students.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura | work = Tables 4.4 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 May 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

{{See also|Education in India}}

According to the 2011 census, in the Raipur CD block, among the 197 inhabited villages, 25 villages did not have a school, 47 villages had two or more primary schools, 52 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 29 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Bankura, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 1293, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher =Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref>

[[Raipur Government Polytechnic]] was established in 2016 at [[Siromonipur]] near [[Raipur]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rgp-raipur.in/ | title = Raipur Government Polytechnic | publisher = RGP | access-date = 26 March 2018 | archive-date = 25 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180425133603/http://www.rgp-raipur.in/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Pandit Raghunath Murmu Smriti Mahavidyalaya]] was established in 1986 at [[Baragari]] village near the Pirolgari Morh crossing of [[State Highway 4 (West Bengal)|SH 4]] and [[State Highway 9 (West Bengal)|SH 9]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.prmsmahavidyalaya.org/ | title = Pandit Raghunath Murmu Smriti Mahavidyalaya | publisher = PRMSM | access-date = 13 December 2016 | archive-date = 6 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161206115942/http://prmsmahavidyalaya.org/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Raipur Block Mahavidyalaya]] was established in 2010 at [[Kharigerya]].

[[Garh Raipur High School (Higher Secondary)]] is a renowned High School In Raipur Block <ref>{{cite web| url = https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/contact/19131609702 |title = Garh Raipur High School | publisher= banglarshiksha.gov.in| access-date = 23 August 2021}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Raipur CD block had 1 rural hospital and 3 primary health centres with total 64 beds and 10 doctors. It had 33 family welfare sub centres and 1 family welfare centre. 7,658 patients were treated indoor and 153,930 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura | work = Tables 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 May 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Raipur Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Nutangarh, is the major government medical facility in the Raipur CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at [[Matgoda]] (with 6 beds) and [[Phulkusma]] (with 10 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =10 April 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 10 April 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Bankura topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Bankura district]]

Thiruvanvandoor Mahavishnu Temple

2025-12-16T20:22:12Z

KaveriKumari2: Stub

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Thiruvanvandoor}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Thiruvanvandoor Mahavishnu Temple
| image = Thiruvanvandoor Pambanaiappan Temple 1.JPG
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Kerala
| map_caption = Location in [[Kerala]]
| coordinates = {{coord|9|20|35|N|76|34|47|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Alapuzha]]
| location = [[Thiruvanvandoor]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Pambanaiappan ([[Vishnu]])

Gosala Krishna ([[Vishnu]])
| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}
[[File:Thiruvanvandoor Pambanaiappan.png|thumb|'''Thiruvanvandoor Pambanaiappan''']]
The '''Thiruvanvandoor Mahavishnu Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Vishnu]] and located in [[Thiruvanvandoor]], [[Alappuzha District]], [[Kerala]], [[South India]]. Constructed in the [[Architecture of Kerala|Kerala style of architecture]], the temple is glorified in the ''[[Divya Prabandha|Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the early medieval [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] canon of the [[Alvars|Alvar]] saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desams]]'' dedicated to [[Vishnu]], who is worshipped as Paambanaiappan. The nearest railway station to the temple is located in [[Chengannur]], while the nearest airport is [[Trivandrum International Airport]].

It is one of the five ancient shrines in the [[Chengannur]] area of Kerala, connected with the legend of [[Mahabharata]], where the five [[Pandavas]] are believed to have built one temple each; [[Thrichittatt Maha Vishnu Temple]] by [[Yudhishthira]], [[Puliyur Mahavishnu Temple]] by [[Bheema]], [[Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple]] by [[Arjuna]], Thiruvanvandoor Mahavishnu Temple by [[Nakula]] and [[Thrikodithanam Mahavishnu Temple]] by [[Sahadeva]].

The temple is open from 4 am to 11:00 am and 5 pm to 8 pm and is administered by [[Travancore Devaswom Board]] of the [[Government of Kerala]].

==Legend and history==
[[File:Thiruvanvandoor Pambanaiappan Temple 3.JPG|200px|left|thumb|Image of the tower over the sanctum sanctorum]]
It is one of the five ancient shrines in the [[Chengannur]] area of Kerala, connected with the legend of [[Mahabharata]]. Legend has it that the [[Pandava]] princes, after crowning [[Parikshit]] as king of [[Hastinapura]] left on a pilgrimage. On arriving on the banks of river [[Pamba River|Pamba]], each one is believed to have installed a tutelary image of Krishna; [[Thrichittatt Maha Vishnu Temple]] by [[Yudhishthira]], [[Puliyur Mahavishnu Temple]] by [[Bheema|Bhima]], [[Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple]] by [[Arjuna]], Thiruvanvandoor Mahavishnu Temple by [[Nakula]] and [[Thrikodithanam Mahavishnu Temple]] by [[Sahadeva]].<ref name=culture>[[#Culture|Cultural Heritage of Kerala 2008]], pp. 44-45</ref><ref name=RoaA>[[#Rao|Rao 2012]], pp. 17-20</ref>

The famous [[Pamba River|Pamba]] river is near the temple and hence the name of the deity is Paambanaiappan. As per another legend, the temple is believed to be consecrated by the sage [[Bhrigu]]. The temple is counted as one of the five temples built and worshipped by Pandavas from [[Mahabharatha]].<ref name=gov>{{cite web|title=Chengannur Taluk|url=http://alappuzha.nic.in/pages/aboutalpy-taluk-5-chengannur.htm|publisher=Alapuzha District administration|access-date=5 August 2015}}</ref>

Earliest references to this temple appear in the poems and hymns composed by the greatest of Alvar saints - [[Nammalvar]], in circa 800 CE. Stone inscriptions in the temple date it back to the Second [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] Empire (800 - 1102 CE).<ref>Temples of Kerala.
{{cite book|title=Temples of Kerala, page 304-305
|author=S. Jayashanker, Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala (Census of India, Special Studies)
|date=May 1997
}}
</ref> The temple is open from 4 am to 11:00 am and 5 pm to 8 pm and is administered by [[Travancore Devaswom Board]] of the [[Government of Kerala]].

==Architecture==
[[File:Thiruvanvandoor Pambanaiappan Temple 2.JPG|thumb|200px|left|View of the temple from the gateway tower]]
The temple is built in [[Architecture of Kerala|Kerala style architecture]], which is common in all temples in the South Indian state of Kerala in Eastern axis. The temple has a two storeyed [[gopuram]] or a gateway tower, with the upper story having wooden trails covering the ''Kottupura'' (a hall of drum beating during festivals). A rectangular wall around the temple, called ''Kshetra-Madilluka'' pierced by the gateways, encloses all the shrines of the temple. The metal plated flagpost or ''[[Dwajasthambam|dvajasthambam]]'' is located axial to the temple tower leading to the central sanctum and there is a ''Deepastamba'', which is the light post. ''Chuttuambalam'' is the outer pavilion within the temple walls. The central shrine and the associated hall is located in a rectangular structure called ''Nallambalam'', which has pillared halls and corridors.<ref name=RoaB>[[#Rao|Rao 2012]], pp. 12-13</ref> Between the entrance of ''Nallambalam'' to the sanctum, there is a raised square platform called ''Namaskara Mandapa'' which has a pyramidal roof. ''Thevrapura'', the kitchen used to cook offering to the deity is located on the left of ''Namaskara Mandapa'' from the entrance. ''Balithara'' is an altar is used for making ritualistic offering to demi-gods and the festive deities. The central shrine called ''Sreekovil'' houses the image of the presiding deity. It is on an elevated platform with a single door reached through a flight of five steps. Either sides of the doors have images of guardian deities called [[dvarapala]]kas. As per Kerala rituals, only the main priest called [[Thantri]] and the second priest called [[Melshanthi]] alone can enter the ''Sree Kovil''.<ref>[[#Culture|Cultural Heritage of Kerala 2008]], p. 139</ref> The central shrine has a circular plan with the base built of granite, superstructure built of laterite and conical roof made of terracota tile supported from inside by a wooden structure. The lower half of ''Sree Kovil'' consists of the basement, the pillar or the wall, called {{Transliteration|hi|stambha}} or {{Transliteration|hi|bhithi}} and the entablature called {{Transliteration|hi|prasthara}} in the ratio 1:2:1, in height. Similarly the upper half is divided into the neck called {{Transliteration|hi|griva}}, the roof tower called {{Transliteration|hi|shikhara}} and the conical {{Transliteration|hi|kalasam}} (made of copper) in the same ratio. The roof projects in two levels to protect the inner structure from heavy rains during monsoon. The roof of the temple and some of the pillars have lavish wood and stucco carvings depicting various stories of ancient epics, [[Ramayana]] and [[Mahabharatha|Mahabharata]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Indian Encyclopaedia: Kamli-Kyouk Phyu|editor=Subodh Kapoor|page=3963|publisher=Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd|year=2002|isbn=9788177552577|volume=13|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AYN0n0pzlpcC&q=kerala+temple+architecture&pg=PA3963}}</ref> The outer walls around the sanctum have a series of wooden frames housing an array of lamps, which are lit during festive occasions.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Architecture and Organization of Kerala Style Hindu Temples|jstor=40460291|page=17|last=Noble|first=William A.|journal=Anthropos|year=1981|volume=76|issue=1/2|issn=0257-9774}}</ref> The temples have paintings on its walls dating back to early 18 century.<ref name=culture23>[[#Culture|Cultural Heritage of Kerala 2008]], p. 151</ref>

==Festival==
The annual [[Tiruvaymoli]] festival is celebrated in commemoration of [[Nammazhwar|Nammalvar]], the saint poet of 8th century.<ref name=gov/> The annual 51-day festival to commemorate the installation of idol of Sreekrishna is concluded with Gajamela, where a parade of 21 caparisoned elephants is held. The floats depict depicting Puranic themes and are accompanied by music players playing Mayuranrithom, Krishnanattom, Karakom, Nadaswarom, Panchavadyam, and Pancharimelom. A team of Pancharimelam performers offer rendition during the event. During the evening [[Kathakali]] performers where artiste perform various historic themes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Thiruvanvandoor temple fete concludes with Gajamela|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/thiruvanvandoor-temple-fete-concludes-with-gajamela/article433769.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=22 August 2015|date=19 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Thiruvanvandoor temple fete|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/thiruvanvandoor-temple-fete/article7225929.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=22 August 2015|date=20 May 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Temples of Kerala]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

;

==External links==
{{commons category}}{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title=Cultural Heritage of Kerala |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R7QNGkZKc5wC&q=kerala+temple+architecture&pg=PA139 |publisher=DC Books |location=Kerala, India |isbn=9788126419036 |year=2008 |ref=Culture}}
* {{cite book |title=Temples of Kerala |publisher=Vasan Publications |last=Rao |first=A.V. Shankaranaryana |ref=Rao |year=2012 |isbn=978-81-89888-94-7}}
{{refend}}

{{Hindu temples in Kerala}}
{{Famous Vishnu temples}}

[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Alappuzha district]]

[[ml:തിരുവൻവണ്ടൂർ മഹാവിഷ്ണു-ഗോശാലകൃഷ്ണക്ഷേത്രം]]

2018 Rajya Sabha elections

2025-12-12T02:45:34Z

KaveriKumari2: basic cleaned up layout per sources and cleaned formatting after review

{{Short description|For the upper chamber of the Indian Parliament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2018 Rajya Sabha elections
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2017 Rajya Sabha elections
| previous_year = 2017
| next_election = 2019 Rajya Sabha elections
| next_year = 2019
| election_date = 16 January, 23 March and 21 June 2018
| seats_for_election = 72 seats to the [[Rajya Sabha]]{{efn|Including 2 [[Casual vacancy|casual vacancies]]}}
| map = [[File:Rajya Sabha election, 2018.svg|300px]]

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The official photograph of the Defence Minister, Shri Arun Jaitley (cropped).jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=04}}
| leader1 = [[Arun Jaitley]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leader_since1 = 2 June 2014
| leaders_seat1 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance (India)
| seats_before1 = 58
| seats_after1 = 73
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 15

| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Ghulam Nabi Azad at Healthcare Skill Summit 2013 (cropped).jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=04}}
| leader2 = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| leader_since2 = 8 June 2014
| leaders_seat2 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| alliance2 = United Progressive Alliance
| seats_before2 = 58
| seats_after2 = 50
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 8

| image5 =
| leader5 = [[Ram Gopal Yadav]]
| party5 = Samajwadi Party
| leader_since5 = 26 November 2014
| leaders_seat5 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| alliance5 =
| seats_before5 = 18
| seats_after5 = 13
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 5

| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Derek O Brien - Kolkata 2016-01-31 9376.JPG|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=07|oTop=12}}
| leader4 = [[Derek O'Brien (politician)|Derek O'Brien]]
| party4 = All India Trinamool Congress
| leader_since4 = 19 August 2011
| leaders_seat4 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal|West Bengal]]
| alliance4 =
| seats_before4 = 13
| seats_after4 = 13
| seat_change4 = {{dash}}
}}

'''Rajya Sabha elections''' were held in 2018 to elect the 65 retiring members of the [[Rajya Sabha]], [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]]'s [[upper chamber]]. There were, as routine, three such elections held among relevant State and Union Territory legislators by [[single transferable vote]] (STV) and Open Ballot: on 16 January to elect 3 members from Delhi and 1 member from Sikkim; on 23 March to elect 58 members from 16 States; and lastly on 21 June to elect 3 members from Kerala. Being even-numbered, 2018 was a year in which about 30% of the State Legislature-elected 233-seat component of the body is elected. The other 12 seats of the body are appointed by the President.

Not as part of a six-yearly cycle, a by-election was held to elect 1 member from Kerala in March, which proved to be a re-election but as an independent member, of [[M. P. Veerendra Kumar]], the only by-election of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/PN17_23022018.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=eci.nic.in |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224112930/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/PN17_23022018.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Elections==
The elections were held to elect 3 members from National Capital Territory of Delhi and 1 member from Sikkim. 3 members from the National Capital Territory of Delhi retired on 27 January 2018 and 1 member from Sikkim retired on 23 February 2018. Elections for 58 seats and a by-election for 1 seat were held on 23 March 2018. The election was held for 3 seats of Kerala on 21 June 2018.
{| class="wikitable"
! State
! Members retiring
! Date of retirement
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Delhi|Delhi]]||3||27 January 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Sikkim|Sikkim]]||1||23 February 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]||3||2 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Bihar|Bihar]]||6||2 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]]||1||2 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat|Gujarat]]||4||2 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Haryana|Haryana]]||1||2 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]||1||2 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka|Karnataka]]||4||2 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]||5||2 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]||6||2 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Telangana|Telangana]]||3||2 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]||10||2 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]||1||2 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal|West Bengal]]||5||2 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Odisha|Odisha]]||3||3 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]||3||3 April 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Jharkhand|Jharkhand]]||2||3 May 2018
|-
| [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Kerala|Kerala]]||3||1 July 2018
|-
| [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|Nominated]]
| 4
| 14 July 2018
|-
|}

==Members Elected==

===[[Delhi|National Capital Territory of Delhi]]===
[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Delhi|Delhi]] had an election for 3 ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 16 January 2018 to replace members retiring on 27 January 2018.
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Karan Singh]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Sanjay Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Sanjay Singh]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
| rowspan=3| <ref name="Billionaire, chartered accountant, party loyalist: Meet AAP’s 3 nominees for RS">{{cite news|last1=Hindustan Times|title=Billionaire, chartered accountant, party loyalist: Meet AAP's 3 nominees for RS|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/billionaire-chartered-accountant-party-loyalist-meet-aap-s-3-nominees-for-rs/story-f3SnXbTo8k9mc658bD1AIL.html|accessdate=5 February 2024|date=4 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205145742/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/billionaire-chartered-accountant-party-loyalist-meet-aap-s-3-nominees-for-rs/story-f3SnXbTo8k9mc658bD1AIL.html|archivedate=5 February 2024|language=en}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[Parvez Hashmi]]
| [[Sushil Gupta]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[Janardan Dwivedi]]
| [[N. D. Gupta]]
|-
|}

===[[Sikkim]]===
[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Sikkim|Sikkim]] had an election for 1 ''Rajya Sabha'' seat on 16 January 2018 to replace member retiring on 23 February 2018.
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Hishey Lachungpa]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Sikkim Democratic Front|SDF]]
| [[Hishey Lachungpa]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Sikkim Democratic Front|SDF]]
|
|-
|}

===[[Andhra Pradesh]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] State, 3 members are elected unopposed for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018.<ref name="rs-ap">{{cite news|title=Rajya Sabha polls: Two from TDP, one from YSR Congress get elected|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/rajya-sabha-polls-two-from-tdp-one-from-ysr-congress-get-elected/articleshow/63327748.cms|access-date=16 March 2018|agency=Press Trust of India|work=The Times of India|date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Tulla Devender Goud]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| [[C. M. Ramesh]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| rowspan=3| <ref name="rs-ap" />
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[Renuka Chowdhury]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Kanakamedala Ravindra Kumar]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[Chiranjeevi]]
| [[Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|}

===[[Bihar]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Bihar|Bihar]] State, 6 members are elected unopposed for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018.<ref name="rs-bh">{{cite news|title=Six including Ravi Shankar Prasad elected to Rajya Sabha unopposed|url=http://www.uniindia.com/six-including-ravi-shankar-prasad-elected-to-rajya-sabha-unopposed/states/news/1168767.html|access-date=15 March 2018|agency=United news of India|date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan=6| <ref name="rs-bh" />
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[Dharmendra Pradhan]]
| [[Akhilesh Prasad Singh]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=1|
| rowspan=1|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[Mahendra Prasad]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4| [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
| [[Mahendra Prasad]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 4
| [[Bashistha Narain Singh]]
| [[Bashistha Narain Singh]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 5
| [[Anil Kumar Sahani]]
| [[Ashfaque Karim]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 6
| '''Vacant''' ([[Ali Anwar]])
| [[Manoj Jha]]
|}

===[[Chhattisgarh]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]] State, 1 member is elected for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seat on 23 March 2018, to replace member retiring on 2 April 2018.<ref name="rs-ch">{{cite news|last1=Trivedi|first1=Vivek|title=Rajya Sabha Polls: BSP's MLA Votes in Favour of BJP's Saroj Pandey, Ensures Win|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/rajya-sabha-polls-bsps-mla-votes-in-favour-of-bjps-saroj-pandey-ensures-win-1698717.html|access-date=26 March 2018|agency=news18.com|date=24 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Bhushan Lal Jangde]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Saroj Pandey]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| <ref name="rs-it"/><ref name="rs-ch"/>
|-
|}

===[[Gujarat]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat|Gujarat]] State, 4 members are elected unopposed for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018.<ref name="rs-gj">{{cite news|title=Rajya Sabha Polls: All four candidates from Gujarat elected unopposed|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rajya-sabha-polls-all-four-candidates-from-gujarat-elected-unopposed-2594194|access-date=15 March 2018|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=DNA|date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Parshottam Rupala]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Parshottam Rupala]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan=4| <ref name="rs-gj"/>
|-style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[Mansukh L. Mandaviya]]
| [[Mansukh L. Mandaviya]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[Arun Jaitley]]
| [[Naranbhai Rathwa]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-style="text-align:center;"
| 4
| [[Shankarbhai Vegad]]
| [[Amee Yajnik]]
|-
|}

===[[Haryana]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Haryana|Haryana]] State, 1 member is elected unopposed for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 15 March 2018, to replace member retiring on 2 April 2018.<ref name="rs-hy">{{cite news|title=BJP's Vats makes Rajya Sabha debut, J P Nadda begins 2nd innings|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/bjps-vats-makes-rajya-sabha-debut-j-p-nadda-begins-2nd-innings/articleshow/63325796.cms|access-date=16 March 2018|agency=TNN|work=The Times of India|date=16 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Shadi Lal Batra]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[D.P. Vats]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| <ref name="rs-hy"/>
|-
|}

===[[Himachal Pradesh]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]] State, 1 member is elected unopposed for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 15 March 2018, to replace member retiring on 2 April 2018.<ref name="rs-hp">{{cite news|title=JP Nadda Elected Unopposed to Rajya Sabha Seat From Himachal Pradesh|url=http://www.india.com/news/india/jp-nadda-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-seat-from-himachal-pradesh-2945331/|access-date=15 March 2018|work=India.com News Desk|publisher=india.com|date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Jagat Prakash Nadda]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Jagat Prakash Nadda]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| <ref name="rs-hp"/><ref name="rs-hy"/>
|-
|}

===[[Jharkhand]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Jharkhand|Jharkhand]] State, 2 members are elected for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 23 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 3 May 2018.<ref name="rs-jh">{{cite news|title=Convicted MLA's vote puts Congress Rajya Sabha nominee's victory in Jharkhand under cloud; BJP to move high court|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/mar/24/convicted-mlas-vote-puts-congress-rajya-sabha-nominees-victory-in-jharkhand-under-cloud-bjp-to-mo-1791974.html|access-date=26 March 2018|agency=Express News Service|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Sanjiv Kumar (Jharkhand politician)|Sanjiv Kumar]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]
| [[Sameer Oraon]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan=2| <ref name="rs-jh"/><ref name="rs-it"/>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[Pradeep Kumar Balmuchu]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Dhiraj Prasad Sahu]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|}

===[[Karnataka]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka|Karnataka]] State, 4 members are elected for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 23 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018.<ref name="rs-ka">{{cite news|title=Amid high drama, Congress wins 3 Rajya Sabha seats in Karnataka|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/amid-high-drama-congress-wins-3-rajya-sabha-seats-in-karnataka/articleshow/63438235.cms|access-date=26 March 2018|work=The Times of India|date=24 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[R Ramakrishna]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Syed Naseer Hussain]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3 | [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan=4 |<ref name="rs-it" /><ref name="rs-ka"/>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[Basavaraj Patil Sedam]]
| [[L. Hanumanthaiah]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[K. Rahman Khan]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[G C Chandrasekhar]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 4
| '''Vacant''' ([[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]])
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| [[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
|}

===[[Madhya Pradesh]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]] State, 5 members are elected unopposed for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018.<ref name="rs-mp">{{cite news|title=Four BJP leaders, a Congress veteran elected unopposed to RS from MP|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/four-bjp-leaders-a-congress-veteran-elected-unopposed-to-rs-from-mp/articleshow/63322471.cms|access-date=16 March 2018|author=Rajendra Sharma|agency=TNN|work=The Times of India|date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Satyavrat Chaturvedi]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Rajmani Patel]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan=5 |<ref name="rs-mp"/>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[Meghraj Jain]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Dharmendra Pradhan]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[Prakash Javadekar]]
| [[Kailash Soni]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 4
| [[La Ganesan]]
| [[Ajay Pratap Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Ajay Pratap Singh]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 5
| [[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]
| [[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]
|}

===[[Maharashtra]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] State, 6 members are elected unopposed for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018.<ref name="rs-mh">{{cite news|title=RS polls now a formality as 7th nominee opts out of race|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/rs-polls-now-a-formality-as-7th-nominee-opts-out-of-race/articleshow/63323482.cms|access-date=16 March 2018|agency=TNN|work=The Times of India|date=16 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Ajay Sancheti]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Prakash Javadekar]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan=6 |<ref name="rs-mh" />
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[D. P. Tripathi]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| [[Narayan Rane]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[Rajeev Shukla]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[V. Muraleedharan]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 4
| [[Rajni Patil]]
| [[Kumar Ketkar]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 5
| [[Vandana Chavan]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| [[Vandana Chavan]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 6
| [[Anil Desai]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Shiv Sena|SS]]
| [[Anil Desai]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Shiv Sena|SS]]
|}

===[[Odisha]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Odisha|Odisha]] State, 3 members are elected unopposed for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 3 April 2018.<ref name="rs-od">{{cite news|title=Achyuta, Prashanta, Soumya Ranjan elected to Rajya Sabha from Odisha|url=http://kalingatv.com/latestnews/achyuta-prashanta-soumya-ranjan-elected-to-rajya-sabha-from-odisha/|access-date=15 March 2018|agency=KalingaTV News Network|publisher=kalingatv.com|date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Ananga Udaya Singh Deo]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| [[Prashanta Nanda]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3| [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| rowspan=3| <ref name="rs-od"/>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[Dilip Tirkey]]
| [[Achyuta Samanta]]
|-style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[A V Swamy]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| [[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]]
|-
|}

===[[Rajasthan]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Rajasthan|Rajasthan]] State, 3 members are elected unopposed for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 3 April 2018.<ref name="ie-rj">{{cite news|title=All three BJP Rajya Sabha candidates from Rajasthan elected unopposed|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/bjp-rajya-sabha-candidates-rajasthan-elected-unopposed-5098956/|access-date=15 March 2018|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=The Indian Express|date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Abhishek Singhvi]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Kirodi Lal Meena]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan=3| <ref name="ie-rj"/>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[Narendra Budania]]
| [[Madan Lal Saini]]
|-style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[Bhupender Yadav]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Bhupender Yadav]]
|-
|}

===[[Telangana]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Telangana|Telangana]] State, 3 members are elected for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 23 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018.<ref name="rs-tg">{{cite news|title=Rajya Sabha polls: Three TRS candidates declared winners, Congress's P Balram loses|url=http://zeenews.india.com/telangana/rajya-sabha-polls-three-trs-candidates-declared-winners-congresss-p-balram-loses-2093188.html|access-date=26 March 2018|agency=Zee Media Bureau|publisher=Zee News|date=23 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[C. M. Ramesh]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| [[Joginapally Santosh Kumar]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3| [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]
| rowspan=3| <ref name="rs-it" /><ref name="rs-tg"/>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[Rapolu Ananda Bhaskar]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Badulgula Lingaiah Yadav]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| '''Vacant''' ([[P. Govardhan Reddy]])
| [[Banda Prakash]]
|}

===[[Uttarakhand]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]] State, 1 member is elected unopposed for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 15 March 2018, to replace member retiring on 2 April 2018.<ref name="rs-uk">{{cite news|title=अनिल बलूनी राज्यसभा के लिए निर्विरोध निर्वाचित, मिला सर्टिफ़िकेट|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttarakhand/dehradun-anil-baluni-un-opposed-elected-rajya-sabha-mp-uttarakhand-assembly-1304003.html|access-date=15 March 2018|publisher=news18.com|date=15 March 2018}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Mahendra Singh Mahra]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Anil Baluni]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| <ref name="rs-uk"/>
|-
|}

===[[Uttar Pradesh]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]] State, 10 members are elected for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 23 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018.<ref name="rs-up">{{cite news|title=Rajya Sabha Elections Results: BJP Wins 9 Seats in Uttar Pradesh, BSP's BR Ambedkar Loses|url=http://www.india.com/news/india/rajya-sabha-elections-2018-results-live-news-updates-2959671/|access-date=26 March 2018|agency=India.com News Desk|publisher=india.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Previous MP
! colspan=2| Previous Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Jaya Bachchan]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" rowspan=6|
| rowspan=6| [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
| [[Jaya Bachchan]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
| rowspan=10 |<ref name="rs-it"/><ref name="rs-up"/>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[Naresh Chandra Agrawal]]
| [[Arun Jaitley]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=9|
| rowspan=9| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[Alok Tiwari]]
| [[Anil Jain (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Anil Jain]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 4
| [[Munvvar Saleem]]
| [[Ashok Bajpai (politician)|Ashok Bajpai]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 5
| [[Darshan Singh Yadav]]
| [[Harnath Singh Yadav]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 6
| [[Kiranmay Nanda]]
| [[Anil Agrawal (politician)|Anil Agrawal]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 7
| [[Munquad Ali]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| [[Sakal Deep Rajbhar]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 8
| '''Vacant''' ([[Mayawati]])
| [[Kanta Kardam]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 9
| [[Pramod Tiwari]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[G. V. L. Narasimha Rao]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 10
| [[Vinay Katiyar]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Vijaypal Singh Tomar]]
|-
|}

===[[West Bengal]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal|West Bengal]] State, 5 members are elected for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 23 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018.
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Previous MP
! colspan=2| Previous Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Tapan Kumar Sen]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| [[Abhishek Singhvi]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=1|
| rowspan=1|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan=5 |<ref name="rs-it">{{cite web|last1=Shrivastava|first1=Rahul|title=All you need to know about Rajya Sabha election 2018|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/all-you-need-to-know-about-rajya-sabha-election-2018-1196917-2018-03-24|work=India Today|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[Nadimul Haque]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| [[Nadimul Haque]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[Vivek Gupta (politician)|Vivek Gupta]]
| [[Abir Biswas]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 4
| [[Kunal Kumar Ghosh]]
| [[Santunu Sen]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 5
| '''Vacant''' ([[Mukul Roy]])
| [[Subhasish Chakraborty]]
|-
|}

===[[Kerala]]===
From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Kerala|Kerala]] State, 3 members are elected unopposed for the ''Rajya Sabha'' seats on 14 June 2018, to replace members retiring on 1 July 2018.
{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[C.P. Narayanan]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| [[Elamaram Kareem]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| rowspan=3| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/kerala-rajya-sabha-election-2018-two-ldf-candidates-one-from-elected-unopposed/1206732/|title=Kerala Rajya Sabha election 2018: Two LDF candidates, one from elected unopposed|date=14 June 2018}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[P. J. Kurien]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Binoy Viswam]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[Joy Abraham]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Kerala Congress (Mani)}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]
| [[Jose K. Mani]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Kerala Congress (Mani)}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]
|}

===[[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|Nominated]]===

{| class="wikitable"
! Seat No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Former Party
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Elected Party
! Reference
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Anu Aga]]
| bgcolor="000000" |
| [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|Nominated]]
| [[Raghunath Mohapatra]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan=4| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/frmr-mp-ram-shakal-among-4-nominated-to-rajya-sabha-1285524-2018-07-14|title=RSS thinker Rakesh Sinha, Dalit leader Ram Shakal among 4 nominated to Rajya Sabha|website=India Today}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[K. Parasaran]]
| bgcolor="000000" |
| [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|Nominated]]
| [[Sonal Mansingh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[Rekha]]
| bgcolor="000000" |
| [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|Nominated]]
| [[Ram Shakal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 4
| [[Sachin Tendulkar]]
| bgcolor="000000" |
| [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|Nominated]]
| [[Rakesh Sinha]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]

|}

==By-elections==
In addition to scheduled elections, unforeseen vacancies, caused by members' resignation, death or disqualification, may also be filled via [[By-election]]s.
* On 2 September 2017, [[Manohar Parrikar]] resigned from membership of the Rajya Sabha from [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]], due to his election as the member of [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] on 23 August by-poll.<ref name=parrikar>{{cite news|title=Parrikar, Rane take oath as newly-elected MLAs|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/parrikar-rane-take-oath-as-newly-elected-mlas/articleshow/60368955.cms|access-date=9 September 2017}}</ref>

===[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Party
! Date of Vacancy
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Party
! Date of appointment
! Date of retirement

|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[Manohar Parrikar]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 2 September 2017
| [[Hardeep Singh Puri]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 9 January 2018
| 25 November 2020
|- style="text-align:center;"
|}

===[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Kerala|Kerala]]===

* On 20 December 2017, [[M. P. Veerendra Kumar]] resigned from Rajya Sabha due to disqualification of [[Sharad Yadav]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! Former MP
! colspan=2| Party
! Date of Vacancy
! Elected MP
! colspan=2| Party
! Date of appointment
! Date of retirement

|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[M. P. Veerendra Kumar]]
| width="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" |
| [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| 20 December 2017
| [[M. P. Veerendra Kumar]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
| 24 March 2018
| 2 April 2022

|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rajya Sabha}}

[[Category:2018 elections in India]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha elections in India|2018]]

United Electrical Industries Limited

2025-11-18T03:04:11Z

KaveriKumari2: Done!

{{Short description|Indian Electrical Engineering Company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = United Electrical Industries Ltd.
| logo = United Electrical Industries Limited Logo.png
| image = United Electricals Ltd. in Kollam, Mar 2017.jpg
| type = [[Public Sector]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1950|10|03}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bpe.kerala.gov.in/pages/BPE%20Doc/34.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018022919/http://www.bpe.kerala.gov.in/pages/BPE%20Doc/34.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2014 }} UEIL, Kollam</ref>
| founder =
| key_people = '''Binoy Joseph''' ''Chairman'' '''P Aneesh Babu''' ''Managing Director'' ''' Swayamprabha K.P ''' ''Senior Manager'' '''R Sheeba ''' ''Senior Manager''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.riab.kerala.gov.in/useful-link-docs/2011/GO(Rt)%20No%20275-2011-ID.pdf | title=Order - United Electricals Industries Limited, Kollam | publisher=Government of Kerala | date=23 February 2011 | access-date=25 September 2018 | archive-date=4 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042339/http://www.riab.kerala.gov.in/useful-link-docs/2011/GO(Rt)%20No%20275-2011-ID.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>
| industry = Electrical Equipment Manufacturing
| hq_location = Pallimukku
| hq_location_city = [[Kollam]]
| hq_location_country = [[India]]
| products = Air Break Switches, HT/LT Polymer Insulators, Energy Meters, AC Motor Starters, Vehicle tracking system, DOL starter, LED street lights, Multijet Watermeters
| market cap =
| revenue = {{Indian Rupees}} 32.58 Crores [[US$]] 4.35 million (2019)
| operating_income =
| net_income = {{Indian Rupees}} 13.63 lakhs [[US$]] 18201.12
| assets =
| equity =
| num_employees =
| slogan =
| homepage = http://unilec.co.in
}}
'''United Electrical Industries Limited''' or '''UNILEC''' or '''UEIL''' (locally known as ''Meter Company'') is an [[ISO 9001:2015]] certified [[Public sector undertakings in Kerala|State Level Public Enterprise]], operating in the electrical engineering sector since 1950. The company was founded on 3 October 1950 and is situated in the city of [[Kollam]], [[Kerala]].<ref>[http://in.kompass.com/c/united-electrical-industries-ltd/in787755/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017100522/http://in.kompass.com/c/united-electrical-industries-ltd/in787755/|date=17 October 2014}} UNILEC - Kollam</ref> It is the first factory in India to manufacture Electricity House Service Meters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/pdf/Electronics/1.%20Domestic%20Lights%20with%20LED%20Technology.pdf|title='MANUFACTURING AND SALES OF DOMESTIC LIGHTS WITH LED TECHNOLOGY' - Pages 3|publisher=United Electrical Industries Limited, Kollam|access-date=20 April 2015|archive-date=13 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513145221/http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/pdf/Electronics/1.%20Domestic%20Lights%20with%20LED%20Technology.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The products of UNILEC Limited are [[Bureau of Indian Standards|BIS]] approved with ISI marking. They are producing type tested Energy Meters which are approved in various Test Labs like ERDA - Baroda, ERTL North - Delhi, [[Central Power Research Institute|CPRI - Bangalore]], and ETDC - Chennai. The company has a high level of productivity with a monthly production capacity of more than 1 lakh Energy Meters. UNILEC Limited has so far supplied over 40 lakh Electro-mechanical Meters and 50 lakh of Electronic Meters for domestic and industrial purpose. UNILEC is the only Electrical Equipment Manufacturing company in [[Kerala]] capable of producing Energy Meters of any specification on bulk basis maintaining quality standards of [[Bureau of Indian Standards|BIS]], [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] etc. The Company also has a [[Research and development|R&D]] Division.<ref>[http://unilecindia.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026140823/http://unilecindia.com/|date=26 October 2014}} UNILEC.com</ref>
now received Govt order for supply and installation of LED lights in all LSGDs of state. In 2019, UNILEC developed Vehicle Location and Tracking device(VLTD) which is an empanelled product of Kerala Motor Vehicle department.

==History==
United Electrical Industries Limited was the first factory in [[India]] to manufacture Electricity House Service Meters. UNILEC started its manufacturing activity during 1950, in technical collaboration with the world-renowned measuring instrument manufacturer Aron Meters Ltd., [[England]]. After 7 years, major shares of the company were taken over by the [[Government of Kerala]] and reconstituted it as a Public Limited Company under the ownership of [[Kerala State]] in 1957. [[Government of Kerala]] is holding 97.20% of the total share value of United Electrical Industries Limited.<ref>[http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3489&Itemid=2556] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018022917/http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3489&Itemid=2556|date=18 October 2014}} Governance of UNILEC, Kollam</ref>

==Products==
Major products of the company are Electric Meters and Solar Panels

* 11 kV Air Break Switches.
* Minimast/ Highmast Lights
* LED street Lights
* Solar Street Lights
* Static Energy Meters
* Smart Energy Meters
* Multijet Watermeters
* Mechanical Type Motor Starters- Auto Transformer Starters, Normal Star Delta Starters, Oil Sling Ring Starters
* DOL starters
* Soft Starters
* Vehicle Location and Tracking Device(VLTD)
* Polymer Insulators (HT/LT)-Post, Pin, Disc

United Electrical Industries was chosen by [[Kozhikode district]] panchayath to implement their 80 KW solar power project. The first phase of the project will be a 40 KW installation at the district panchayat headquarters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Dist-Panchayat-to-Go-Solar/2015/01/23/article2632058.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123060911/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Dist-Panchayat-to-Go-Solar/2015/01/23/article2632058.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 January 2015 |title=Dist Panchayat to Go Solar - The New Indian Express |access-date=23 January 2015}}</ref>

==Performance Analysis of UNILEC Limited==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:Gold;"| Year
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:Gold;"| Turnover (in Lakhs)
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:Gold;"| Profit/Lose (in Lakhs)
|-
| valign="center" | 1999-2000
| valign="center" | 1577
| valign="center" | 272.09 (Profit)
|-
| valign="center" | 2000-2001
| valign="center" | 1502
| valign="center" | 25.54 (Profit)
|-
| valign="center" | 2001-2002
| valign="center" | 1837
| valign="center" | 338.78 (Profit)
|-
| valign="center" | 2002-2003
| valign="center" | 1231
| valign="center" | 150.91 (Loss)
|-
| valign="center" | 2003-2004
| valign="center" | 1006
| valign="center" | 322.16 (Loss)
|-
| valign="center" | 2004-2005
| valign="center" | 708
| valign="center" | 285 (Loss)
|-
| valign="center" | 2005-2006
| valign="center" | 497
| valign="center" | 312 (Loss)
|-
| valign="center" | 2006-2007
| valign="center" | 3508
| valign="center" | 237 (Profit)
|-
| valign="center" | 2007-2008
| valign="center" | 3884
| valign="center" | 60.76 (Profit)
|-
| valign="center" | 2008-2009
| valign="center" | 4260
| valign="center" | 44.54 (Profit)<ref>[http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/pdf/Electronics/2.%20Smart%20Card%20Manufacturing%20Unit.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924000033/http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/pdf/Electronics/2.%20Smart%20Card%20Manufacturing%20Unit.pdf|date=24 September 2015}} Smartcard Manufacturing Unit in UNILEC, Kollam - Emerging Kerala</ref>
|-
|2019-2020
|3258
|13.63(Profit)
|}

==Modernization==
The company is on the stage of modernization. As part of that, UNILEC has started producing double-jet water meters. They have started the production of LCD energy meters in 2014. On the basis of this development, the company is now preparing to take part in KSEB’s tender process for supply of energy meters.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/ueil-starts-making-doublejet-water-meters/article6027370.ece] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607073629/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/ueil-starts-making-doublejet-water-meters/article6027370.ece|date=7 June 2014}} UEIL starts making double-jet water meters - The Hindu</ref> [[Government of Kerala]] has proposed a plan to manufacture LED lights in association with United Electrical Industries Limited.<ref>[http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/pdf/Electronics/1.%20Domestic%20Lights%20with%20LED%20Technology.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513145221/http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/pdf/Electronics/1.%20Domestic%20Lights%20with%20LED%20Technology.pdf|date=13 May 2015}} Manufacturing & Sales of Domestic LED lights - Emerging Kerala</ref> They have a plan to start a smart card manufacturing unit in the company.<ref>[http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/pdf/Electronics/2.%20Smart%20Card%20Manufacturing%20Unit.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924000033/http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/pdf/Electronics/2.%20Smart%20Card%20Manufacturing%20Unit.pdf|date=24 September 2015}} Smartcard Manufacturing Unit in UNILEC, Kollam - Emerging Kerala</ref>

In 2018, [[Government of Kerala]] has decided to equip UNILEC to become the first Kerala public sector company going to have smart meter technology. Three new wings would be setting up at UNILEC as part of modernization; LED street light production unit, renovated water meter manufacturing unit, and a research and development department.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/unilecs-distinction-set-to-acquire-smart-meter-technology/article24321203.ece |title=UNILEC's distinction, set to acquire smart meter technology |newspaper=The Hindu |location=Kollam |date=4 July 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |archive-date=16 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016205956/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/unilecs-distinction-set-to-acquire-smart-meter-technology/article24321203.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kollam |state=expanded}}
{{Public Sector Undertakings in Kerala}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Indian companies established in 1950]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of Kerala]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kollam]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1950]]

List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai characters

2025-11-12T14:32:08Z

KaveriKumari2: made basic article added tags

{{Short description|none}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of ''Sarabhai vs Sarabhai'' characters}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'' is an Indian [[sitcom]] that ran on [[STAR One]] from 1 November 2004 to 16 April 2006 and on [[Hotstar]] from 15 May 2017 to 17 July 2017 for two seasons. The show was produced by [[Jamnadas Majethia]] and Aatish Kapadia under the banner of Hats Off Productions and was directed by [[Deven Bhojani]]. Starring an [[ensemble cast]] of [[Satish Shah]], [[Ratna Pathak Shah]], [[Sumeet Raghavan]], [[Rupali Ganguly]] and [[Rajesh Kumar (actor)|Rajesh Kumar]], the show revolves around a quintessential [[Upper class|upper-class]] family living in the upmarket neighbourhood of [[Cuffe Parade]] in [[South Mumbai]]. Regarded as being ahead of its generation in terms of its concept, writing, and average viewership ratings at the time of its initial release, the show has gone on to become a [[cult classic]].

==Main characters==
===Indravadan "Indu" Sarabhai===
Indravadan Sarabhai, portrayed by [[Satish Shah]], is Pankorben and Vallavdas's son, Ilaben's brother, Maya's husband, Sahil, Sonia and Rosesh's father. He is an ex-director of a [[multinational company]], who retired early to take care of the children and help his wife Maya work as a [[social worker]]. He is arguably one of the funniest characters in the show who does not hesitate to make a joke about something or someone even in the worst of situations. He constantly makes fun of Maya and plays tricks on her but still loves her a lot, he has a fun and friendly rapport with his older son Sahil, and also loves his daughter Sonia, but makes fun of his younger son Rosesh, irritating him on various occasions, while he still loves him. He also shares a playful rapport with his daughter-in-law, Monisha and sides with her during her and Maya's confrontations. He gets irritated by his son-in-law Dushyant, as well as his sister's husband Madhusudan Bhai.

===Maya Mazumdar Sarabhai===
Maya Mazumdar Sarabhai, portrayed by [[Ratna Pathak Shah]], is Indravadan's wife, Sahil, Sonia and Rosesh's mother. She is the matriarch of the Sarabhai family and runs the family like a pro. Being a snooty upper-class [[socialite]], her daughter-in-law Monisha's [[Middle class|middle-class]] money-saving techniques and unkempt behaviour are constant pet peeves for Maya. Her [[catchphrase]] is "It's catastrophically middle-class!" and continuously uses [[sarcasm]] to taunt Monisha and make her see the error of her ways. Whenever she taunts Monisha, depending on the intensity of the taunts, one to three gunshots are heard in the background, increasing the humor in these situations and portraying her as a verbal bullet. She is constantly after her husband Indravadhan to fix his [[Dieting|dietary]] and [[cleanliness]] habits, not much unlike Monisha, and pampers her younger son Rosesh, also making sure he does not take a middle-class wife like her older son Sahil. Her son-in-law Dushyant also irritates her by dropping in every time an appliance is damaged.

===Dr. Sahil Sarabhai===
Dr. Sahil Sarabhai, portrayed by [[Sumeet Raghavan]], is Maya and Indravadan's son, Sonia and Rosesh's brother, Monisha's husband and Aurnob's father. He is a [[Cosmetology|cosmetologist]] and very composed as compared to the other characters. He is calm, wise, and noble, and is constantly trying to resolve various conflicts in his family between Maya and Monisha, and Maya and Indravadan. He often gets sandwiched between his mother and wife and tries his best not to hurt anyone. He avoids conflicts but loves making fun of his younger brother Rosesh, similar to Indravadan. When he was a child, Indravadan revealed that Sahil always used to be the protagonist whenever they used to act.

===Manisha "Monisha" Singh Sarabhai===
Monisha Singh Sarabhai, portrayed by [[Rupali Ganguly]], is Sahil's wife and Aurnob's mother. She is a [[Middle class|middle-class]], [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] girl from [[Noida]], who rarely keeps the house clean and is always lazing around watching daily soaps on the television. She develops a dramatic nature from these shows. Her passion is to save money, in every situation. She is always at loggerheads with Maya for her thrifty ways. Her father-in-law Indravadan always supports her, while her husband Sahil is torn between the two. Despite being careless, Monisha is an honest, innocent, and a loving woman. She was originally named "Manisha" but was renamed "Monisha" after marriage by Maya as she found the name Manisha "too middle-class".

===Rosesh Sarabhai===
Rosesh Sarabhai, portrayed by [[Rajesh Kumar (actor)|Rajesh Kumar]], is Maya and Indravadan's son, Sahil and Sonia's brother and Jasmine's love interest. He is a theatre artist, an aspiring [[actor]], and a so-called [[poet]]. He is Maya's favourite and she pampers him a lot. He wants to become an actor and his mother Maya supports him the most. Maya is the only member of the Sarabhai family who approves of and appreciates his absurd poetry and acting skills. He has a love-hate relationship with Indravadan as he is always the target of his jokes and pranks. He always seconds his mother even if he does not feel like it. He has a peculiar and amusing voice, and his poems are always bad but funny. He speaks very oddly, and Sahil and Indravadan always compare his voice with animals like [[duck]]s and machines like a [[Mixer (appliance)|mixer]]. Indravadan always trolls Rosesh for being a mother's puppet, yet he loves him and it is proven by the fact that whenever Rosesh is in danger, he is ready to help him.

===Aurnob Sarabhai (Season 2)===
Aurnob Sarabhai is Monisha and Sahil's son.<ref name="Otoik2017">{{cite web | title=Sarabhai vs Sarabhai Take 2 first episode review: This time it is funnier and more insane | website=The Times of India | date=16 May 2017 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-take-2-first-episode-review-this-time-it-is-funnier-and-more-insane/articleshow/58699647.cms | access-date=19 May 2017}}</ref> He is the only heir to the Sarabhai family and has inherited equal traits from his parents as sometimes he shows so-called middle-class habits like watching daily soaps with his mother Monisha; and sometimes he shows the upper-class attitude like his paternal grandmother Maya. He is loved by all the family members and has a playful and friendly rapport with his paternal grandfather Indravadan. He always promotes the technology advancements of the modern times and sometimes even shows eccentric behaviour like his family.

==Recurring characters==
===Sonia Sarabhai===
Sonia Sarabhai, portrayed by [[Kshitee Jog]] and [[Sheetal Thakkar]] in Season 1, and by [[Aishwarya Sakhuja]] in Season 2, is Maya and Indravadan's daughter, Sahil and Rosesh's sister and Dushyant's wife. She is a [[psychic]], who exhibits some of Maya's [[socialite]] attitude and can see future through some techniques which is often a trouble for the Sarabhai family.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/sarabhai-trivia/|title=Only Die-Hard 'Sarabhai v/s Sarabhai' Fans Will Know These 8 Lesser-Known Facts About The Show|first=Sampada|last=Sharma|date=14 May 2017|website=www.scoopwhoop.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-take-2-trideviyaan-actress-aishwarya-sakhuja-joins-the-cast-of-the-show-829983|title=Sarabhai vs Sarabhai Take 2: 'Trideviyaan' actress Aishwarya Sakhuja joins the cast of the show!|date=5 May 2017|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>

===Dushyant Painter===
Dushyant Painter, portrayed by [[Deven Bhojani]], is Sonia's husband. He is an [[Electrical engineering|electrical engineer]], whose catchphrase is "I'll explain!" is much despised by the rest of the family, even by the normally affable Monisha. He has a morbid fascination for various [[Electronics|electronic appliances]] from [[toaster]]s to [[tubelight]]s to [[refrigerator]]s to [[elevator]]s and loves to explain different theories about the machines whenever he finds a chance. He does not understand sarcasm which leads to humorous situations.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sarabhai-Vs-Sarabhai-cast-Then-Now/photostory/53004833.cms|title=Sarabhai vs Sarabhai cast: Then & Now|date=1 July 2016|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

===Ilaben Sarabhai===
Ilaben Sarabhai, portrayed by [[Rita Bhaduri]], is Madhusudan Bhai's wife, Vallavdas and Pankorben's older daughter, Indravadan's older sister, Maya's sister-in-law, Sahil, Sonia and Rosesh's paternal aunt, Monisha and Dushyant's aunt-in-law, and in Season 2, also Aurnob's grandaunt. She often visits her brother Indravadan and sister-in-law Maya, and helps them sort their daily troubles. She is a sweet, lively person who is extremely tolerant with her husband Madhusudan Bhai and is the only one able to communicate with him through [[Sign language|hand gestures]].

===Madhusudan Bhai===
Madhusudan Bhai, portrayed by Arvind Vaidya, is Ilaben's husband, Indravadan's brother-in-law, Maya's co-brother, Sahil, Sonia and Rosesh's uncle, Monisha and Dushyant's uncle-in-law, Vallavdas and Pankorben's older son-in-law, and in Season 2, also Aurnob's granduncle. He is [[Deafness|deaf]] and a former [[Indian Independence movement|freedom fighter]], who refuses to use a [[hearing aid]] and usually does not acknowledge the fact that he cannot hear. He blames others for speaking too softly and repeatedly asks questions. He is particularly bothersome to his wife's brother Indravadan and interjects almost always during conversations with his catchphrase "Hain?". A lot of humour is derived from his misinterpretations and the difficulty that people have in explaining things to him, which only his wife Ilaben is able to do.

===Pankorben Sarabhai===
Pankorben Sarabhai aka Baa, portrayed by Tarla Joshi, is Vallavdas' wife, Indravadan and Ilaben's mother, Maya and Madhusudan Bhai's mother-in-law, Sahil, Sonia and Rosesh's paternal grandmother, Monisha and Dushyant's grandmother-in-law, and in Season 2, also Aurnob's great-grandmother. She died five years before the show began. She is often mentioned by Indravadan and Maya and appears in some [[Flashback (narrative)|flashback]] scenes, where she ridicules her daughter-in-law Maya for being snooty and "high-society", and rebukes her son Indravadan for his choice to marry her.<ref name="auto1"/>

===Jasmine Mavani (Season 2)===
Jasmine Mavani, portrayed by [[Vaibhavi Upadhyay]], is Madhusudan Bhai's distant relative and Rosesh's love interest. She is a singer and theatre artist, whose accent and broken [[English language|English]] is disapproved by Maya.<ref name="Otoik2017"/>

==Other characters==
Other characters include the Sarabhai family's [[domestic helper]]s Radhabai (portrayed by Sulbha Mantri) and Vitthal Kaka (portrayed by [[Ghanashyam Nayak]]), Maya's socialite friends Baldev (portrayed by Gurpal Singh) and Sarupa Singh, Maya's close friend Sarita (portrayed by [[Shilpa Mehta]]) and her husband Dinesh, and Maya's younger [[Non-resident Indian|NRI]] sisters; Vidisha (portrayed by [[Usha Bachani]]), a single socialite, and Nayesha Mazumdar (portrayed by [[Sumeet Raghavan]] in a [[dual role]]), a divorcee, who is remarried with Monisha's cousin brother Jugalkishore Singh (portrayed by [[Gireesh Sahedev]]), and a poet having different poetry similar to that of Rosesh named Anirudh Mehta a.k.a. Kaccha Kela (portrayed by Aatish Kapadia), as well as Madhusudan Bhai's niece Kismi, and Rosesh's co-actress Rita (both portrayed by Bhamini Oza Gandhi).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what%27s-hot/story/these-characters-of-sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-hotstar-deserve-more-love-lifetv-967259-2017-03-23|title=These characters of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai deserve more love|first=Anvita|last=Singh|date=March 23, 2017|website=India Today}}</ref>

==Guest==
===Season 1===
* [[Yatin Karyekar]] as writer Nagesh Iyer in ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep1|Sahil In A book(Pilot)]]''
* [[Kishwer Merchant]] as Dr. Kiran in ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep4|Husbands Do Not Cheat]] ''
* [[Usha Bachani]] as Vidisha in ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep11|Maya's Cleanliness Drive]]''
* [[Mandira Bedi]] as Cookie Sharma in ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep14|Indravadhan's Fantasies, Foiled]]''<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what%27s-hot/story/throwback-thursday-5-celebrity-guests-of-sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-hotstar-who-made-us-lol-lifetv-971264-2017-04-13|title=Throwback Thursday: 5 celebrity guests of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai who made us LOL|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref>
*[[Deepali sayad]] as Maggie (Matsyagandha) "Rosesh Is In Love"
* [[Manini Mishra]] as Dinky Chakravarthy in ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep22|Sahil's Personal Diary]]''
* The [[Khichdi (2002 TV series)|Khichdi (TV series)]] Family from the Khichdi Crossover Episode ( ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep25|Khichdi With Sarabhais]]'' of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai and Episode 25 of [[Instant Khichdi]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/m;ar/29sarabhai.htm|title=Lunching with the Sarabhais!|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>
* [[Mallika Sherawat]] as Sunehri to promote her movie ''[[Bachke Rehna Re Baba]]'' in ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep29|Sarabhais With Sunehri]]''<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Vaishali Thakkar]] as Neelima Verma in ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep31|Nilima And Sahil]]''
* [[Parvin Dabas]] as Sudhanshu Khan in ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep33|Sudhanshu Paints Maya]]'' and ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep34|Maya And Sudhanshu]]''<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Makrand Deshpande]] as the hypnotist Siddharth in ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep40|Indravadan Hypnotized Part 1]]'' and ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep41|Indravadan Hypnotized Part 2]]''<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Roop Kumar Rathod]] & [[Sunali Rathod]] as themselves in ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep42|Maya, Monisha And Antakshari]]''
* [[Jimit Trivedi]]
* [[Aamir Ali]] as Patang Mahajan in ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep53|Monisha's Date With Actor Karan]]''<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Aatish Kapadia]] as the poet Anirudh Mehta urf "Kachcha Kela" in Episode 53
* [[Parmeet Sethi]] as Detective Omkar Nath to promote the Star One show [[D.O.N.]] in '' [[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep68|The Midas Chang's Magic]]''
* [[Shilpa Mehta]] as Maya's socialite friend Sarita, seen in many episodes.
* [[Rohitash Gaud]] as Mr. Cindolin, the mystic who shows Sarabhai family their future in ''[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai episodes#ep70|Crystal Ball Time]]''.
* [[Bhamini Oza Gandhi]] as Kissme, Madhusudhan's niece and Rita
* Sanat Vyas as Dr. Acharya (Original)

===Season 2===
* [[Aatish Kapadia]] as the poet Anirudh Mehta urf "Kachcha Kela" in Episode 6 and 8<ref name="auto2"/>
* [[Vishal Gandhi]] as "Bahu Machhar Beta Khachhar" Director in Episode 9
* [[Jamnadas Majethia]] as Prahlad in Episode 9
* [[Sameksha Singh]] as Arnab's Teacher Ms. Pochkanwala
* [[Bhakti Chauhan]] as Patralekha Patni

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]
[[Category:Lists of sitcom television characters|Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]
[[Category:Fictional Indian people]]

Sreeja S. v. Commissioner of Police

2025-11-06T05:26:54Z

KaveriKumari2: Done!

{{Short description|Indian LGBT Rights Case Law}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox court case
| name = Sreeja S v. Commissioner of Police
| judges = C. K. Abdul Rehim {{Abbr|CJ.|Chief Justice}} and R. Narayana Pisharadi {{Abbr|J.|Justice}}
| keywords = [[Cohabitation|Cohabitation Rights]], [[Queer|Queer Relationships]]
| opinions = The separating the adults in a consensual relationship is a violation of the Constitutional right, regardless of their [[sexual orientation]].
| decision by = C. K. Abdul Rehim {{Abbr|CJ.|Chief Justice}} and R. Narayana Pisharadi {{Abbr|J.|Justice}}
| number of judges = 2
| court = [[Kerala High Court]]
| citations = {{URL|1=https://hckinfo.kerala.gov.in/digicourt/citation/215800003722018_1.pdf|2={{Abbr|W. P. (CRL) No.|Writ Petition (Criminal) Number}} 372 of 2018}}
| date decided = 24 September 2018
| full name = Sreeja S versus Commissioner of Police {{Abbr|&|and}} {{Abbr|Ors.|Others}}
}}

'''Sreeja S versus Commissioner of Police {{Abbr|&|and}} {{Abbr|Ors.|Others}}''' '''(2018)''' is case where [[Kerala High Court]] held that separating the adults in a consensual relationship is a violation of the Constitutional right, regardless of their [[sexual orientation]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite court|litigants=Sreeja S versus Commissioner of Police {{Abbr|&|and}} {{Abbr|Ors.|Others}}|court=[[Kerala High Court]]|opinion={{Abbr|W. P. (Crl.) No.|Writ Petition (Criminal) Number}} 372 of 2018|date=24 September 2018|url=https://hckinfo.kerala.gov.in/digicourt/citation/215800003722018_1.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Ameerudheen |first=T. A. |title=Kerala lesbian couple that got court reprieve say they'll show society why its prejudices are wrong |url=https://scroll.in/article/895840/kerala-lesbian-couple-that-got-court-reprieve-say-theyll-show-society-why-its-prejudices-are-wrong |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Scroll.in |date=26 September 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |agency=TNN|date=Sep 25, 2018 |title=Kerala high court lets lesbian couple live together {{!}} Kochi News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kerala-hc-lets-lesbian-couple-live-together/articleshow/65943234.cms |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Supreme Court of India]] acknowledged this case in its publication titled "Sensitisation Module for the Judiciary on LGBTIQA+ Community" as one of the [[High courts of India|High Court]] judgments that effectively addressed the difficulties and obstacles experienced by queer individuals within the justice system due to their systemic marginalization.<ref name=":02">{{Citation |last=Supreme Court of India |title=Sensitisation Module for the Judiciary on LGBTIQA+ Community |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s388ef51f0bf911e452e8dbb1d807a81ab/uploads/2023/05/2023050154.pdf |pages=25 |publication-date=26 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602010134/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s388ef51f0bf911e452e8dbb1d807a81ab/uploads/2023/05/2023050154.pdf |publisher=Supreme Court of India |archive-date=2 June 2023 |author-link=Supreme Court of India}}</ref>

== Background ==
The petitioner, Sreeja, a 40-year-old woman residing in [[Kollam]], India, is engaged in a same-sex consensual relationship with the alleged detainee, Aruna, a 24-year-old woman. On August 13, 2018, Aruna left her parental home to live with Sreeja. Subsequently, Aruna's mother filed a missing person's complaint for Aruna with the sub-inspector of police in Parassala. Following this, the police took Aruna into custody and presented her before the Judicial First Class Magistrate Court of Neyyattinkara on August 14, 2018. The magistrate ordered Aruna's release.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

However, Aruna's parents purportedly took her into custody again after allegedly assaulting Sreeja. Aruna informed Sreeja that her parents had admitted her to the Government Mental Health Center at Peroorkada. When Sreeja visited Aruna at the hospital, Aruna expressed her willingness to leave with Sreeja. Nonetheless, the hospital authorities insisted on the presentation of a court order for her release along with Aruna. In light of these circumstances, Sreeja filed a petition seeking a writ of Habeas Corpus to command the production of Aruna and secure her freedom.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Proceedings ==
In response to the court's notification, both Aruna and her parents appeared before the bench. During the proceedings, Aruna openly acknowledged her relationship with Sreeja and their mutual decision to live together. Aruna emphatically expressed her strong desire to accompany Sreeja to Sreeja's residence in West Kallada, Kollam. Aruna firmly stated her refusal to return to her parental home alongside her parents. Aruna's account highlighted that she believes her parents are unlawfully detaining her, and she was taken to the Government Mental Health Center in Peroorkada despite being in a sound mental state.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Opinion of the Court ==
The bench drew upon the judgment of the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] in ''Soni Gerry v. Gerry Douglas (2018)'', wherein it was observed that the court cannot assume the role of [[parens patriae]] and curtail the liberty of an individual who has reached the age of majority.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Indulia |first=Bhumika |date=2018-10-20 |title=Live-in relationship of a lesbian couple is not violative of any law and is not a crime |url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2018/10/20/live-in-relationship-of-a-lesbian-couple-is-not-violative-of-any-law-and-is-not-a-crime/ |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=SCC Blog |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite court|litigants=Soni Gerry v. Gerry Douglas|opinion=Contempt Petition (Civil) Number 1606 of 2017|court=[[Supreme Court of India]]|date=5 January 2018|url=https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2017/24291/24291_2017_Order_05-Jan-2018.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114153850/https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2017/24291/24291_2017_Order_05-Jan-2018.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2024-01-14}}</ref>

Similarly, the bench referred to the judgment of the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] in ''Nandakumar v. State of Kerala (2018)'', which firmly established that even if the parties are not legally competent to marry, they possess the right to cohabit even without formal wedlock.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite court|litigants=Nandakumar v. State of Kerala|opinion=2018 INSC 383|court=[[Supreme Court of India]]|date=20 April 2018|url=https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2017/15646/15646_2017_Order_20-Apr-2018.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114160803/https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2017/15646/15646_2017_Order_20-Apr-2018.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2024-01-14}}</ref> The bench also highlighted the recognition of 'live-in relationships' by the [[Parliament of India]] under the provisions of the [[Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005|Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

Furthermore, the bench cited [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]]'s decision in ''[[Hadiya case|Shafin Jahan v. Asokan (2018)]]'', which emphasized the court's role in habeas corpus petitions to ascertain the independent choice of the detainee and to exercise caution in avoiding assessments of partner suitability for marital life.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":14">{{Cite court|litigants=Shafin Jahan v. Asokan K.M.|opinion=2018 INSC 222|court=[[Supreme Court of India]]|date=08 March 2018|url=https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2017/19702/19702_2017_Judgement_08-Mar-2018.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112115421/https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2017/19702/19702_2017_Judgement_08-Mar-2018.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2024-01-12}}</ref> The Bench noted the application of the cited precedents by the Kerala High Court in ''Mohammed Riyad v. State Police Chief (2018)'', wherein it was ruled that there's no requirement for the court to scrutinize the legality of the petitioner's relationship with the alleged detainee.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

Finally, the Bench noted the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]]'s remarks in the case of ''[[Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India|Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)]]'', where the Supreme Court emphasized that discriminating based on sexual orientation infringes upon the fundamental right, and asserted that constitutional morality should not be compromised for social morality.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

The bench held that the cohabiting relationship between Sreeja and Aruna does not contravene any legal provisions or amount to a criminal offense, and abstaining from exercising the court's jurisdiction would risk the infringement of Constitutional rights. Therefore, the bench exercised its jurisdiction by issuing a writ of Habeas Corpus, thereby granting Aruna the freedom to be with Sreeja according to her wishes.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

== Impact ==
''Sreeja S v. Commissioner of Police'' is the first Indian case concerning same-sex relationships after the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]]'s decriminalization of homosexuality in ''[[Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India|Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)]]'', which saw its ruling issued on the 17th day following the Navtej Singh Johar verdict.<ref name=":1" />

The Supreme Court of India acknowledged this case in its publication "Sensitisation Module for the Judiciary on LGBTIQA+ Community," recognizing it as a significant High Court judgment that effectively addresses the difficulties encountered by marginalized queer individuals while navigating the justice system due to systemic marginalization. The publication highlighted the High Court's emphasis on women's consent and adulthood, asserting that it should not assume the role of parens patriae as long as individuals' choices are preserved. Additionally, the publication emphasized the High Court's stance that a 'live-in relationship' between two women is neither criminal nor illegal.<ref name=":02" />

== See also ==

* [[LGBT rights in India]]
* [[Adhila Nasarin v. State Commissioner of Police (2022)]]
* [[Chinmayee Jena v. State of Odisha|Chinmayee Jena v. State of Odisha (2020)]]
* [[Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India|Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{LGBT Rights Case Law in India|state=expanded}}{{LGBT in India|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:High courts of India cases]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ rights case law]]
[[Category:LGBTQ rights in India]]
[[Category:2018 in LGBTQ history]]
[[Category:2018 in Indian law]]
[[Category:2018 in case law]]

Indian Army Corps of EME

2025-11-03T17:20:25Z

KaveriKumari2: typo fix

{{Short description|Service branch of the Indian Army}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox military unit
| image = Indian EME Insignia.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = [[Seal (emblem)|Crest]] of the Corps of EME
| unit_name = '''Corps of EME'''
| dates = 1943–present
| country = {{IND}}
| allegiance =
| branch = {{army|IND}}
| garrison = [[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| garrison_label = Headquarter
| motto = Karm Hi Dharm (Work is Worship)
| anniversaries = 15 October
| colors = Oxford Blue, Golden Yellow and Scarlet {{Color box|#002147|border=darkgray}}{{Color box|#EED202|border=darkgray}}{{Color box|#FF2240|border=darkgray}}
| colors_label = Colours
| march = [[Lillibullero]]
| mascot = Eagle
| identification_symbol = [[File:Flag of the Corps of EME.svg|200px]]
| identification_symbol_label = Flag
}}
The '''Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers''' ('''EME''') is an arms and service branch of the [[Indian Army]]. The Corps has varying responsibilities related to the design, development, trial, inspection and refit of weapon systems and equipment. They also provide technical advice to units and conduct recovery operations in peace and war.

== History ==
The [[British Army]] formed the [[Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers]] (REME) on 1 October 1942, in order to put the responsibilities of repairing and maintaining all British Army equipment under one unit. Previously, this was done by different corps like the [[Royal Army Ordnance Corps]], the [[Corps of Royal Engineers]] and the [[Royal Army Service Corps]]. Soon, the need for an equivalent of the REME was felt in [[British Indian Army]] too. Accordingly, the Commander-in-Chief of British forces approved the raising of the Indian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (IEME). On 1 May 1943, the Mechanical Engineering Directorate at General Headquarters was formed and units were allocated. On 15 October 1943, actual transfer of personnel from the [[Indian Army Ordnance Corps]] (IAOC) to IEME took place. Since then, 15 October is observed as EME Corps day. On 15 September 1944, Lt. Gen. Sir [[Clarence Bird]] was appointed as the Colonel Commandant of IEME.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/eme.htm |title=Corps of Electrical & Mechanical Engineers [EME] |publisher=GlobeSecurity.org |access-date=28 July 2015 |archive-date=26 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826090308/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/eme.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

After [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]], the corps dropped the 'I' from its name and came to be known as the Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (EME). In 1957, Major General Harkirat Singh, KCIO, was appointed as the first Indian Director of the Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (DEME). With the proliferation of high technology, the modernisation of the Indian Army in the 1980s and 1990s resulted in use of electronics in all types of equipment which necessitated the corps to change its outlook from electrical to electronics. Thus, the corps was re-christened as the "Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers" on 1 January 2001.

The Corps of EME also has a cadre of Gp 'A' Gazetted Civilian Technical Officers who are recruited through coveted Indian [[Engineering Services Examination]] (IES) conducted by Union Public Services Commission ([[Union Public Service Commission|UPSC]]). The civilian officers are mostly posted to Army Base Workshops, EME Directorate and training establishments such as MCEME, Secunderabad and EME School, Vadodara.<ref>{{cite news |author=SANJIB |url=http://www.andamansheekha.com/2014/10/15/corps-of-electronics-and-mechanical-engineers-celebrates-71st-anniversary/ |title=Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers celebrates 71st Anniversary. |work=ANDAMAN SHEEKHA |publisher=Andaman Sheekha |date=15 October 2014 |access-date=28 July 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923232704/http://www.andamansheekha.com/2014/10/15/corps-of-electronics-and-mechanical-engineers-celebrates-71st-anniversary/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Crest ==
The crest of IEME was designed by Major General DR Duguid, the first DME and remained in vogue from 1943 to 1955. It was in bronzed brass with fine-pointed 'Star of India' surmounted by a crown and encircled by a thick wreath of laurels. I.E.M.E. were embossed on the base of the wreath. The Corps motto 'Omnia Facimus' meaning 'We can do everything' was inscribed.

The present badge was designed by Major SE Doig and was taken into use from 26 January 1955. In 1967 the size of the crest was reduced to two-thirds of the original size. The badge is bi-metallic with the horse, chain and globe in white metal and the rest in gilt. The horse chained to the globe symbolises harnessed mechanical power with the lightning flashes depicting electrical energy. The globe is indicative of the impact of engineering on the world. On the top of Crest is the National Emblem of India and the Corp's motto inscribed Karm Hi Dharm in [[Devanagri|Devanagri Script]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp2P2C.aspx?MnId=Fnqk1YZvC1sB1mpImU9oMA==&ParentID=Q7pGBfJMJjLr9xh69YO2/A== |title=Evolution of EME Crests |publisher=Indian Army |access-date=28 July 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105008/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp2P2C.aspx?MnId=Fnqk1YZvC1sB1mpImU9oMA==&ParentID=Q7pGBfJMJjLr9xh69YO2/A== |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Motto ==
''Omnia Facimus'' (in [[Latin]]), which translates to 'We can do everything', was the Corps motto used during the formative years of Corps. After the IEME was transformed into the EME, a new Corps motto was selected which should be in line with the Indian ethos. To reflect the work culture amongst the craftsmen, the motto 'Karm Hi Dharm' was selected. Translated into English the motto is, 'Work is the only duty'.

== Flag ==
[[File:Corps of EME flag.gif|thumb|right|305x305px|Corps of EME flag]]

Oxford Blue : Signifies devotion to duty. 

Golden Yellow : Represents magnanimity and intellect.

Scarlet : Implies aggressiveness valour and sacrifice.

== Regimental colours ==
[[File:Regimental colours of the Indian Army Corps of EME.gif|thumb|right|305x305px|Regimental colours of Corps of EME]]

The Colours stand for everything that the Corps is. They speak of honour, of deeds, of dedication and of the service rendered by the personnel of the Corps. They are the symbol of the spirit of the Corps and are sacred to the soldier.

The design for the Corps colours was proposed by the then DEME, Major General SP Vohra, and approved by the then President [[Dr S Radhakrishnan]], in March 1964.

The EME colours is a golden yellow silken flag, 3 feet by 3 feet 9 inches; the Corps badge is embroidered on a blue circular piece and placed in the centre with a single wreath of Ashoka leaves and lotus flowers embroidered around it. On a scroll beneath the wreath is embroidered the name 'Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers'. The name of Ashoka signifies peace and the leaves represent happiness and prosperity. The lotus is a symbol of peace, tranquility, beauty and richness.

The Corps of EME has been recognized with Colours on the following occasions:

1) The President of India, Dr S Radhakrishnan, presented the Colours to the Corps on 15 October 1964 at 1 EME Centre Secunderabad during the 21st Anniversary celebrations. The Colour party consisted of Lieutenant RP Nanda, Havildar Major Dev Raj and Naik bashisht. It was the first amongst the Services to receive Regimental Colours, an honour bestowed to acknowledge the contribution made by this young Corps.

2) The Second Colours Presentation was presented at 3 EME Centre Bhopal on 15 October 1980. The Colours were presented on behalf of the President by General OP Malhotra, PVSM, COAS.

3) After a gap of 24 years, the Third Colours presentation was presented on 23 November 2004 and for the first time after rechristening the corps as Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers. The old colours were put to rest and new colours were presented to the Corps at 1 EME Centre, Secunderabad by [[Nirmal Chander Vij|Gen NC Vij]], PVSM, UYSM, COAS on behalf of the President during Diamond Jubilee Celebration and Eighth Corps Reunion on 23 November 2004, at 1 EME Centre, Secunderabad.

4) The high order of dedication of the Corps was again recognised when the Corps was once more honoured with colours on 18 February 2005. On behalf of the President of India, [[Joginder Jaswant Singh|Gen JJ Singh]], PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC, COAS, whose father was an EME officer, presented the Fourth Colours Presentation at 3 EME Centre Bhopal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp2PMCMC2C.aspxMnId=oux3ErWABMIcqAFiCKQq6Q==&ParentID=YmNSNnYzci/OYJpGOfQWmQ== |title=The Colours |publisher=INDIAN ARMY |access-date=28 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113058/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp2PMCMC2C.aspxMnId%3Doux3ErWABMIcqAFiCKQq6Q%3D%3D%26ParentID%3DYmNSNnYzci/OYJpGOfQWmQ%3D%3D |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Monuments ==
The Corps has six Monuments.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=gfY/HtqGlAOTKNveD5JtFw==&ParentID=1ztf41eEj3SH7OSXjRbhHg== |title=EME Corps Monuments |publisher=Indian Army |access-date=28 July 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112119/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=gfY/HtqGlAOTKNveD5JtFw==&ParentID=1ztf41eEj3SH7OSXjRbhHg== |url-status=live }}</ref>

* The War Memorial, Secunderabad
* EME War Memorial, Bhopal
* EME Archives and Museum, Secunderabad
* Dakshina Murthy Temple, Vadodara
* Guruvayurappan Temple, Secunderabad
* The EME Gurudwara, Vadodara

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Indian Army Arms and Services}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Corps Of Electronics And Mechanical Engineers (Indian Army)}}
[[Category:Indian Army Corps of Engineers]]
[[Category:Military of India]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1943]]

K. P. P. Nambiar

2025-10-22T21:35:34Z

KaveriKumari2: made first info nd citations...

{{Short description|Indian businessman (1929–2015)}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2017}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = K. P. P. Nambiar
| image = K. P. P. Nambiar.jpg
| caption = Nambiar at his residence
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1929|04|15}}
| birth_place = [[Kalliasseri]], [[Kannur]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2015|06|30|1929|04|15}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], India
| occupation = Industrialist, technocrat
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* Marjorie Agnes Nambiar
* Uma Devi Nambiar
}}
| children = 3
| parents = P. P. Chindan Nambiar K. P. Madhavi Amma
| relations = [[Pran Kurup]] (nephew), Rajiv Nambiar (nephew), KPK Nambiar (nephew), KP Sudhir (Nephew)
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] [http://www.elcina.com/activities_awards_past.asp ELCINA Electronics Man of the Year Award] Distinguished FIETE Vasvik Award National Design Award Science & Technology Award Republic Day Award Institution of Telecommunication Engineers Award London County Council Major Award
}}
'''Kunnath Puthiyaveettil Padmanabhan Nambiar''' DIC (Lond), FIEE (Lond), CEngg (Lond.), more popularly known as '''K.P.P. Nambiar''' (15 April 1929 – 30 June 2015), was an Indian industrialist and technocrat, known for his work in the field of industrial development and technology. He was awarded [[Padma Bhushan]] by Government of India for his contributions to the field of technology in 2006.<ref name="business-standard">{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/padma-bhushan-for-corporate-honchos-106012701021_1.html|title=Padma Bhushan for corporate honchos | Business Standard|publisher=business-standard.com|access-date=7 May 2014}}</ref>

==Career==
Nambiar went to [[Moothedath High School]] in [[Taliparamba]]. He graduated from [[Pachaiyappa's College|Pachayyappa's College]] in Madras where he studied physics. In 1951, he joined the [[Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine|Imperial College of Science & Technology]], [[University of London]]<ref name="ciol">{{cite web|url=http://www.ciol.com/ciol/news/106534/kpp-nambiar-unsung-giant-india|title=KPP Nambiar, the unsung giant of India – CIOL|date=15 September 2003 |publisher=ciol.com|access-date=7 May 2014}}</ref> for higher studies in [[Transistors]] and [[Semi-Conductors]].

Nambiar started his career as a research scholar in semiconductor technology at Imperial College from 1954 to 1957. After graduation, he worked for [[Texas Instruments]], USA.

In 1963 he returned to India, as a part of the ''scientist pool scheme'' initiated by Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] to bring back talented Indians working abroad.<ref name="wordpress">{{cite web|url=http://shijinprasad.wordpress.com/kpp-nambiar-role-model/|title=KPP Nambiar (Role Model) | Shijinprasad's Blog|date=December 2009 |publisher=shijinprasad.wordpress.com|access-date=7 May 2014}}</ref> He was a "scientist pool officer" under the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]. He taught modern semiconductor electronics in the Electrical Engineering Department of the Indian Institute of Technology, in New Delhi. Nambiar joined Philips India as Manager of Projects in 1964. In 1967, he joined [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] as Joint Head of the [[Piezo electric transducer|Piezo Electric Crystal]] Division in Bangalore, where he set up the first communication crystals factory in India during his brief stay there.<ref name="wordpress" />

In 1967, while at Tata Electric Companies, he set up the first applied electronic research and development centre for industrial electronics in India. In late 1967, Nambiar was also the general manager of National Radio & Electronics Company, in Tata's consumer electronics division. He was instrumental in introducing a number of new products under such as speed control for AC and DC motors, static inverters and converters, calculators, electronic clocks, and display systems. Silicon transistor radios were introduced for the first time in the country in 1968 by NELCO during this period.

In the early 1970s, he received an invitation from the Kerala government to set up an electronics manufacturing firm. [[Keltron|Kerala State Electronics Development Corporation Limited (Keltron)]] was formed with Nambiar as its first chairman and managing director. He remained in that position until 1983 when he was made the executive chairman until his retirement in 1985. In order to have a robust [[Research and development]] to support indigenous manufacturing he set up [[C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram|Electronics Research and Development Centre (ER & DC)]] at [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in 1980. Interestingly [[Keltron|KELTRON]] was the blue print for [[Maharashtra]] to start MELTRON, [[Uttar Pradesh]] to start UPTRON, [[Bihar]] to start BELTRON and [[West Bengal]] to set up [[West Bengal Electronics Industry Development Corporation|West Bengal Electronics Industry Development Corporation (WEBEL)]] which gave solid ground for television revolution in India in 1980's.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kaul|first=Vivek|date=2021-01-21|title=India: then and now|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-then-and-now-11611253039637.html|access-date=2021-04-20|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Subrahmanian|first1=K. K.|last2=Joseph|first2=K. J.|date=1988|title=Electronics in Kerala's Industrialisation|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4378610|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=23|issue=24|pages=1233–1240|jstor=4378610 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref>

In 1985, Indira Gandhi appointed Nambiar as the chairman and managing director of [[Indian Telephone Industries Limited]], the largest public sector company in telecommunications. In 1986, Nambiar was appointed secretary of the Department of Electronics of Government of India (now the Ministry of Information Technology) by Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]]. During this stint the [[Centre for Development of Advanced Computing]] was formed with [[Pune]] as its headquarters merging his earlier initiatives such as [[C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram|ER&DC, Trivandrum]] to it. He retired from government service in 1989. The Kerala government, in 1989, appointed him as an honorary special advisor. In this consultancy role, he drew up the blueprint for [[Technopark, Trivandrum]]. The park was inaugurated on 31 March 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|title=K.P.P.Nambiar: He proved we could 'Make in India' -- 40 years ago|url=https://www.indiatechonline.com/it-happened-in-india.php?id=1881|access-date=2021-04-20|website=www.indiatechonline.com}}</ref>

When acting as special advisor, Nambiar set up a private company in Bangalore, Namtech Electronic Devices Limited, for the manufacture of fail safe gas discharge tubes used as [[surge arrester]]s in electronic and telecommunication equipment. Namtech is also involved in the manufacture of quartz crystals, crystal oscillators, qne light emitting diodes and displays.<ref name="bloomberg">{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/NED:IN/profile|title=NED Profile & Executives – Namtech Electronic Devices – Bloomberg|publisher=bloomberg.com|access-date=7 May 2014}}</ref>

In February 1995, Nambiar under the aegis of KPP Nambiar Associates and its [[Mauritius]] based subsidiary Kortech Corporation (with a 24% stake) launched an INR 1471 Crore [[Naphtha]] based power project to generate 513 megawatts of [[electricity]] under the name of '''Kannur Power Projects''' in his native Panchayat of [[Kalliasseri]] in the Kannur District in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rediff On The NeT Business News: KSEB creates fresh hurdles for Kannur power project|url=https://www.rediff.com/business/1999/sep/28enron.htm|access-date=2021-04-20|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> However, the project ran into political and supply issues and had to be abandoned.<ref name="ciol" /> The then ruling [[Third Nayanar ministry|LDF government]] was against participation of another major global player [[Enron International]] with 74% stake in the project.<ref>{{Cite web|title=El Passo replaces Enron in Kannur Power Project|url=https://www.projectstoday.com/News/El-Passo-replaces-Enron-in-Kannur-Power-Project|access-date=2021-04-20|website=www.projectstoday.com}}</ref>

He was also instrumental in the launching of a joint venture company Bowthorpe Thermometrics, with [[Bowthorpe]] of UK and Namtech Consultants to manufacture thermistors in 1996. Bowthorpe has since transferred its ownership to [[General Electric]] in October 2001.

Nambiar suffered a stroke in 2002 and he died on 30 June 2015 at the age of 86 in [[Bengaluru]].<ref name="Visionary technocrat K P P Nambiar dies at 86 in Bangalore">{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/visionary-technocrat-k-p-p-nambiar-dies-at-86-in-bangalore/ | title=Visionary technocrat K P P Nambiar dies at 86 in Bangalore | publisher=Indian Express | date=1 July 2016 | access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=K.P.P. Nambiar dies at 86 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kpp-nambiar-dies-at-86/article7372579.ece |work=The Hindu |date=30 June 2015 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Nambiar was born in [[Kalliasseri]], [[North Malabar]] (now [[Kannur district]], Kerala) to P. P. Chindan Nambiar and K. P. Madhavi. He had four brothers and five sisters. From his marriage to Marjorie Agnes Nambiar in London in 1953, he had a daughter and a son. While living in Bombay, he met and married Saroja Kamakshi, mother of Indian classical dancer, [[Malavika Sarukkai]]. In the 1980s, Nambiar married again, to Uma Devi of Calicut. They had one son.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

==Legacy==
[[File:Kerala Technopark Center.jpg|right|thumb|Park Centre, the administration office of Technopark]]
As the Secretary, Department of Electronics of the Government of India 1986–89, Nambiar was successful initiating and implementing several new policy initiatives in research and development, specifically manufacturing and application of electronics throughout the country. He played a major role in developing the Indian electronics industry including the establishment of [[C-DAC]], [[STPI]], CEDTI and [[VLSI]] laboratories.<ref name="ciol"/> In the 1980s, the import of hardware or software systems was nearly impossible due to heavy taxation. Understanding that such products would help build a better India, Nambiar was instrumental in orchestrating the necessary government approvals.

During his stint as the special advisor to the Government of Kerala on industries from 1989 to 1991, Nambiar set up India's first electronic technology park in Trivandrum to provide infrastructure support required to set up high technology electronic units in the state. He also set up a chain of electronic industries in different parts of Kerala from Trivandrum to [[Kannur]] in the major areas of electronic components, industrial electronics, consumer electronics and telecommunication between 1973 and 1984.

He was responsible for expanding Palakkad unit of [[Indian Telephone Industries Limited]] from a INR 40 million unit to an INR 2 billion enterprise.<ref name="businessweek">{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=27081239&privcapId=12704492&previousCapId=236296103&previousTitle=HORIZON%20INFRASTRUCTURE%20LTD|title=K. Nambiar: Executive Profile & Biography – Businessweek|publisher=investing.businessweek.com|access-date=7 May 2014}}{{dead link|date=April 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Nambiar is credited with evolving a new concept of consortium of ancillary industries by mobilising all the 41 ancillary industries of Indian Telephone Industries in Bangalore to form a consortium to manufacture plan 103 telephone instruments with a turnover of more than INR 200 million.

As the founder chairman of Keltron, Nambiar was instrumental in taking electronics to the villages by setting up 50 women's co-operatives that produced most of the company's consumer products. He introduced the concept of village women's co-operatives for manufacture of electronic assembly oriented products, thereby taking industries to the villages of Kerala. Keltron's manufacturing units were also situated all over the state in rural areas, directly and indirectly employing several thousand people. The concept of women's co-operatives in villages was emulated by various state governments like Punjab, Bihar, Manipur, Pondicheery and Uttar Pradesh. Keltron also trained unskilled workers into skilled electronic equipment assembly operators, enabling them to work in women's co-operatives in Ranchi, Pondicherry, Imphal, and Lakshadeep.

He also developed the research and development center for Keltron, which was later taken over by the Department of Electronics and has since been brought under C-DAC.<ref name="ciol"/> Keltron was the first autonomous corporation in the state sector in India, an example later emulated by several state governments in the country.

During his stint as the honorary special advisor to the Government of Kerala on industries, Nambiar influenced [[Ratan Tata]], the chairman of Tata Industries, to invest in Kerala, resulting in the formation of [[Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces|Taj Hotels and Resorts]] and Tata Ceramics.

He received a [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2006 for all of his contributions to the fields of science and engineering in India.

==Positions held==
* Research Scholar – [[Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine|Imperial College of Science & Technology]], [[University of London]]
* Technical Management – [[Texas Instruments]]
* Scientist Pool Officer – [[CSIR India|Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
* Manager (Projects) – [[Philips|Philips India]]
* Joint Division Head – [[Piezo electric transducer|Piezo Electric Crystal]] Division, [[Bharat Electronics Limited]]
* general manager – National Radio and Electronics Co. Limited (NELCO)
* Founder – Tata Electronic Research and Development Labs
* Founder chairman and managing director – [[KELTRON]]
* Executive chairman [[KELTRON]]
* Founder Chairman of Electronic Research & Development Centre
* Secretary to Government of India – Department of Electronics
* Chairman & managing director – [[Indian Telephone Industries Limited]]
* Special Advisor to the Government of Kerala on Industries
* Chairman, [[Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode|Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Kozhikode]]
* Chairman – [[Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management|Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (IIITM-K)]], Kerala
* Chairman – Namtech Electronic Devices Limited
* Chairman – Namtech Tai Ltd
* Promoter – [[Bowthorpe]] Thermometrics India (P) Limited
* Vice-chairman – World Malayalee Council

==Awards==
* [[Padma Bhushan]] – 2006
* ''Electronics Man of the Year Award'' by Electronic Component Industries Association (ELCINA) – 1995
* Distinguished Fellow of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers – 1986
* [[VASVIK Industrial Research Award]] – 1986
* National Design Award by the Institution of Engineers – 1985
* Science & Technology Award by Kerala Government – 1978
* Republic Day Award by the [[CSIR India|Invention Promotion Board of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] – 1973
* Institution of Telecommunication Engineers Award – 1963
* London County Council Major Award for the post graduate studies – 1955

== See also ==

* [[C. Achutha Menon]]
* [[Kerala State Electronics Development Corporation]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/of-bonds-with-a-trailblazer-technocrat/article24283133.ece |title=Of bonds with a trailblazer technocrat |author=Staff Reporter |date=2018-06-29 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-03-11}}
* [http://shijinprasad.wordpress.com/kpp-nambiar-role-model KPP Nambiar (Role Model)]
* [http://www.ciol.com/ciol/news/106534/kpp-nambiar-unsung-giant-india KPP Nambiar, the unsung giant of India ]
* [http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/padma-bhushan-for-corporate-honchos-106012701021_1.html Report on Padma Bhushan]

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambiar, K. P. P.}}
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kerala]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:People from Kannur district]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian industrialists]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in the electronics industry]]

National Highway 4A (India, old numbering)

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KaveriKumari2: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[National Highway 748 (India)]]

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Venkatapathy Raju

2025-09-18T22:42:57Z

KaveriKumari2:

{{Short description|Cricketer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Venkatapathy Raju
| country = India
| fullname = Sagi Lakshmi Venkatapathy Raju
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|7|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Alamuru]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Slow left-arm orthodox
| role = [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowler]]
| international = true
| testdebutdate = 2 February
| testdebutyear = 1990
| testdebutagainst = New Zealand
| testcap = 189
| lasttestdate = 11 March
| lasttestyear = 2001
| lasttestagainst = Australia
| odidebutdate = 1 March
| odidebutyear = 1990
| odidebutagainst = New Zealand
| odicap = 75
| lastodidate = 26 May
| lastodiyear = 1996
| lastodiagainst = England
| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 28
| runs1 = 240
| bat avg1 = 10.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 31
| deliveries1 = 7,602
| wickets1 = 93
| bowl avg1 = 30.72
| fivefor1 = 5
| tenfor1 = 1
| best bowling1 = 6/12
| catches/stumpings1 = 6/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 53
| runs2 = 32
| bat avg2 = 4.00
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 8
| deliveries2 = 2,770
| wickets2 = 63
| bowl avg2 = 31.96
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 4/46
| catches/stumpings2 = 8/–
| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 177
| runs3 = 1,952
| bat avg3 = 13.18
| 100s/50s3 = 0/2
| top score3 = 54
| deliveries3 = 42,710
| wickets3 = 589
| bowl avg3 = 27.72
| fivefor3 = 31
| tenfor3 = 5
| best bowling3 = 7/82
| catches/stumpings3 = 71/–
| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches4 = 124
| runs4 = 109
| bat avg4 = 5.45
| 100s/50s4 = 0/0
| top score4 = 22
| deliveries4 = 6430
| wickets4 = 152
| bowl avg4 = 29.98
| fivefor4 = 1
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 6/39
| catches/stumpings4 = 26/–

| date = 4 February
| year = 2006
| source = http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/33044.html CricInfo
|medaltemplates=
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asia Cup|ACC Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|Winner|[[1990–91 Asia Cup|1990–91 India]]|}}
}}

'''Sagi Lakshmi Venkatapathy Raju''', better known as '''Venkatapathy Raju'''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1993-94/IND_IN_SL/IND_PROFILES_SL-TOUR_AUG1993.html | title=India in Sri Lanka, 1993-94 – Sri Lanka | publisher=ESPNcricinfo| work=[[Sportstar]] | date=3 November 1993 | access-date=20 November 2019 | author=Vijay Lokapally}}</ref> (born 9 July 1969), is a former Indian [[cricket]]er, cricket administrators and cricket coach. He came into the Indian side in 1989–90 after capturing 32 wickets in the domestic season. He made his [[Test Cricket|Test]] and [[One Day International]] debut on the tour of [[New Zealand]]. When sent in as a night-watchman in his first Test innings, he batted for more than two hours for 31 runs while six wickets fell at the other end. He was part of the Indian team in [[England]] in 1990, but his tour ended prematurely when a ball by [[Courtney Walsh]] broke the knuckle of his left hand in the match against [[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire]]. He was a part of the Indian squad which won the [[1990–91 Asia Cup]].

Back home in India, he helped [[India national cricket team|India]] win the one-off Test against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] in the only Test match played at the [[Sector 16 Stadium]] in [[Chandigarh]]. Raju was a last-minute selection on a wicket that afforded turn and kept low. On the second day, he ran through the Lankan middle order with a spell of 5 wickets for two runs in 39 balls. He took one more wicket on the next day to finish with 6 for 12 in 17.5 overs, four of the batsmen failed to score. His match figures of 8 for 37 in 53 overs won him the only Man of the Match award of his international career.<ref>[http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153175.html Wisden reports of Sri Lanka's tour of India, 1990–91]</ref> He has played two World Cups for India in [[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]] and [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]].

He last played a Test match against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] in [[Calcutta]], where he captured the wicket of [[Mark Waugh]].

He continued playing for [[Bhagyanagar|Hyderabad]] for many years, making the final of the 1999–2000 Ranji Trophy. He retired from first-class cricket in December 2004, after a domestic match against [[Uttar Pradesh]].

==Early life==
Venkatapathy Raju grew up in [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]] and attended [[The Hyderabad Public School, Ramanthapur]] in Hyderabad.

Raju is married to Uma Maheswari.<ref>{{cite web |title=INDIAN CRICKET COUPLES |url=https://sites.google.com/site/crickettamasha/indiancricketcouples?tmpl=%2Fsystem%2Fapp%2Ftemplates%2Fprint%2F&showPrintDialog=1 |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref>

==Present role ==
Raju was the vice president of [[Hyderabad Cricket Association]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/venkatapathy-raju-the-man-who-changed-his-fortunes-by-switching-over-from-a-right-arm-off-spinner-to-a-left-arm-spinner-28751 | title=Venkatapathy Raju: The man who changed his fortunes by switching over from a right-arm off-spinner to a left-arm spinner! | date=9 July 2013 | access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref> Earlier, he was the selector for Indian Cricket Team from the south zone during 2007–2008, when India won the [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|ICC World T20]] under [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni|MS Dhoni]]'s captaincy. He worked as a Telugu commentator for [[Hotstar]] during the 2019 World Cup.

==Role model status==
Left-arm orthodox spinner [[Pragyan Ojha]] said in an interview that it was Raju that inspired him to play for India.<ref name =Ojha>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cricketnext.com/news/raju-inspired-me-to-play-for-india-ojha/32071-14.html |title=Raju inspires Pragyan Ojha |access-date=6 October 2008 |archive-date=10 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080810234801/http://www.cricketnext.com/news/raju-inspired-me-to-play-for-india-ojha/32071-14.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050105191640/http://www.cricketfundas.com/vrajuinterview.html Interview of Venkatapathy Raju in CricketFundas.com]}}
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050105191615/http://www.cricketfundas.com/vrajutribute.html Muscles of Might]}}
*[https://telanganatoday.com/twirling-merv-hughes-moustache-was-fun-raju Interview of Venkatapathy Raju in Telangana Today]

{{Navboxes
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{{India Squad 1990–91 Asia Cup}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Raju, Venkatapathy}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India Test cricketers|Raji, Venkatapath]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
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[[Category:South Zone cricketers]]
[[Category:People from East Godavari district]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
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[[Category:Indian cricket coaches]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Andhra Pradesh]]
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[[Category:All Saints High School (Hyderabad) alumni]]
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{{India-cricket-bio-stub}}