https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=KathieMuriel714Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-15T16:40:38ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Srikakulam_Sherlock_Holmes&diff=537153Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes2026-05-07T23:00:52Z<p>KathieMuriel714: adding basic details w/ refs...</p>
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<div>{{Short description|2024 Indian Telugu-language film}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes<br />
| image = Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = Writer Mohan<br />
| producer = Vennapusa Ramana Reddy<br/>Lasya Reddy {{small|(Presenter)}}<br />
| writer = Writer Mohan<br />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Vennela Kishore]]|[[Ananya Nagalla]]|[[Aditi Gautam|Siya Gowtam]]|Sneha Gupta|Raviteja Mahadasyam|[[Prabhakar (actor)|Prabhakar]]}}<br />
| music = {{ubl|Sunil Kashyap|Gyanni}}<br />
| cinematography = Mallikarjun Naragani<br />
| editing = Avinash Gurlink<br />
| studio = Sri Ganapathi Cinemas<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|12|25}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy thriller film]], written and directed by Writer Mohan in his directorial debut.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-11-28 |title=Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes teaser: Appears promising |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-teaser-appears-promising |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[Telugucinema.com|Telugu Cinema]] |language=en-US |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203173613/https://telugucinema.com/news/srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-teaser-appears-promising |url-status=live }}</ref> Produced by Vennapusa Ramana Reddy under the banner of Sri Ganapathi Cinemas, the film stars [[Vennela Kishore]] in the titular role, alongside [[Ananya Nagalla]], [[Aditi Gautam|Siya Gautam]], Sneha Gupta, Ravi Teja Mahadasyam, [[Prabhakar (actor)|Prabhakar]], and [[Muralidhar Goud]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-17 |title='Srikakulam Sherlockholmes' trailer: Vennela Kishore's detective cracks an unsolved case in this comedy-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/srikakulam-sherlockholmes-trailer-vennela-kishores-detective-cracks-an-unsolved-case-in-this-comedy-thriller/article68995314.ece |access-date=2024-12-20 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=20 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220023043/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/srikakulam-sherlockholmes-trailer-vennela-kishores-detective-cracks-an-unsolved-case-in-this-comedy-thriller/article68995314.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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The film's tagline, "Chantabbai Thaluka" ("Care of Chantabbai"), serves as a tribute to the 1986 detective comedy ''[[Chantabbai]]'' starring [[Chiranjeevi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devulapally |first=Aditya |date=2024-12-16 |title=Srikakulam Sherlockholmes trailer: A gripping whodunnit with a comical Vennela Kishore at the helm |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Dec/16/srikakulam-sherlockholmes-trailer-a-gripping-whodunnit-with-a-comical-vennela-kishore-at-the-helm |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=17 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217194223/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Dec/16/srikakulam-sherlockholmes-trailer-a-gripping-whodunnit-with-a-comical-vennela-kishore-at-the-helm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes'' is released on 25 December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-11-25 |title='Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes' to hit screens this Christmas |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-to-hit-screens-this-christmas-924454 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en |archive-date=27 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127032046/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-to-hit-screens-this-christmas-924454 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-25 |title='Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes' is set for Christmas release |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-is-set-for-christmas-release |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[Telugucinema.com|Telugu Cinema]] |language=en-US |archive-date=4 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204002100/https://telugucinema.com/news/srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-is-set-for-christmas-release |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
On 20 May 1991, [[Rajiv Gandhi]] visits [[Visakhapatnam|Vizag]] before traveling to [[Sriperumbudur]], where he is [[Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi|assassinated]] on 21 May. On the same day, a young woman named Pulidandu Mary is found murdered on Vizag Beach. Amid public and media pressure, CI Bhaskar challenges a journalist, vowing to apprehend the murderer within a week or resign from his position. Concurrently, the arrival of a senior officer investigating the Rajiv Gandhi assassination case forces Bhaskar to delegate Mary's murder investigation to a [[Private investigator|private detective]], Om alias Sherlock Holmes, with a strict deadline of one week.<br />
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Holmes is assisted by Constable Lakshmi as he delves into the case. His investigation identifies seven suspects: Balu, a telephone booth operator; Bhrama, an employee at a home for disabled children; a suspended police officer; a woman named Jhansi; and three fishermen. Holmes systematically interrogates each suspect, piecing together the events leading to Mary's murder.<br />
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As the investigation progresses, Holmes unravels the motives and uncovers the identity of the murderer. The film also explores why Holmes chose to become a detective and the circumstances that led to Mary's death, ultimately revealing the truth.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as Om alias Sherlock Holmes<br />
* [[Ananya Nagalla]] as Bhrama<br />
* [[Aditi Gautam|Siya Gowtam]] as Constable Lakshmi<br />
* Sneha Gupta<br />
* Ravi Teja Mahadasyam as Balu<br />
* [[Prabhakar (actor)|Prabhakar]] as suspended police officer<br />
* [[Muralidhar Goud]] as Michael Raj<br />
* Bhadram as Lingam<br />
* [[Anish Kuruvilla]] as CI Bhaskar<br />
* Naga Mahesh<br />
* Mach Ravi<br />
* Prabhavati<br />
* Sangita<br />
* Subhodayam Subbarao<br />
* Shivam Malhotra<br />
* Sasikumar Rajendran<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
<br />
=== Development ===<br />
Writer Mohan, known for his collaborations with filmmakers such as [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]], [[Posani Krishna Murali]], and [[Jeevitha]], ventured into direction with ''Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 December 2024 |title=Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes: 70 మందికి చెప్పాం... కథని ఒక్కరూ ఊహించలేదు |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-movie-writer-mohan-interview/0201/124227458 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref> A native of [[Guntur district|Guntur]], Mohan drew from his familiarity with [[Srikakulam district]], gained during his travels through the district with Jeevitha and [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]] during political campaigns. The film incorporates regional themes, particularly the Srikakulam accent, which plays a significant role in conveying both the comedic and emotional aspects of the story. Mohan explained that the accent was not used merely for comedic effect but also to enhance the characters' emotional depth.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-19 |title='Accent is not just used as a comedy, but emotion in Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes' |url=https://pynr.in/accent-is-not-just-used-as-a-comedy-but-emotion-in-srikakulam-sherlock-holmes/ |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=The Pioneer |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
The narrative combines a fictional detective storyline with real events surrounding the [[Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi|assassination]] of former [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Rajiv Gandhi]].<ref name=":1" /> Set in 1991, the plot examines the connection between Rajiv Gandhi's visit to [[Visakhapatnam]] and his subsequent assassination in [[Sriperumbudur]]. Against this historical backdrop, the story explores a series of smaller, interrelated events, presented through the perspective of a fictional detective character.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Sanjiv |date=20 December 2024 |title=Chiranjeevi: తెలుగులో డిటెక్టివ్ సినిమా అనగానే చిరంజీవి మూవీ గుర్తుకువస్తుంది, తాలూకా ఇప్పుడు ట్రెండింగ్: డైరెక్టర్ |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/vennela-kishore-srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-director-mohan-about-chiranjeevi-chantabbai-movie-and-thaluka-trending-121734665040743.html |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[HT Media]] |language=te}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><br />
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At the first look launch event, Writer Mohan revealed that the movie centres around three main characters—Sharmilamma, Lokanatham, and Om Prakash—whose names are creatively abbreviated as "Sher," "Lok," and "Home," aligning with the film's title.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Nelki Naresh Kumar |date=9 January 2024 |title=Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes: షర్మిల కొడుకుగా వెన్నెలకిషోర్ - శ్రీకాకుళం షెర్లాక్హోమ్స్ ఫస్ట్ లుక్ రిలీజ్ |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/vennela-kishore-crime-thriller-movie-srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-first-look-released-121704781201751.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109072807/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/vennela-kishore-crime-thriller-movie-srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-first-look-released-121704781201751.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 January 2024 |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=[[HT Media]] |language=te}}</ref><br />
<br />
Before production commenced, producer Ramana Reddy reportedly shared the story with 70 individuals, who found its twists and developments unpredictable.<ref name=":1" /> To ensure the title resonated with rural audiences unfamiliar with [[Sherlock Holmes]], the tagline “Chantabbai Thaluka” (“Care of Chantabbai”) was added. This tagline served as a nod to [[Chiranjeevi]]’s 1986 detective comedy ''[[Chantabbai]]'' while “Thaluka” referenced [[Pawan Kalyan]]’s association with the [[Pithapuram Assembly constituency|Pithapuram constituency]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
=== Casting ===<br />
[[Vennela Kishore]] stars as a private detective, assisted by his parents. The character’s parents wanted him to become a police officer, but he chose private investigation instead. Kishore and much of the cast, hailing from [[Telangana]], worked hard to learn the Srikakulam accent.<ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
Kishore, promoted as the lead of ''Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes'', was reportedly not intended to be the protagonist when production began.{{Citation needed|date=May 2026}} Reports suggest the screenplay was altered during [[post-production]] to elevate his character to the titular role without his knowledge. Dissatisfied with this change, Kishore reportedly distanced himself from the film's promotions, expressing concerns about how his role was portrayed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2024 |title=ప్రమోషన్స్కు దూరంగా వెన్నెల కిశోర్.. 'ఇక మీరెందుకు పాకులాడటం?' |url=https://sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/srikakulam-sherlockholmes-vennela-kishore-not-attending-promotion-2297252 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film features [[Aditi Gautam|Siya Gautam]] in a pivotal role as a police constable. [[Anish Kuruvilla]], initially cast as a police officer, had his voice replaced during post-production to align with the character’s intensity and accent. Despite this, Kuruvilla supported the filmmakers’ decision.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2024-12-19 |title=Anish Kuruvilla Accepts Dubbing Change with Professionalism in Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/anish-kuruvilla-accepts-dubbing-change-with-professionalism-in-srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-931092 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}</ref> The supporting cast includes [[Prabhakar (actor)|Prabhakar]] and Muralidhar Goud in significant roles.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
=== Filming ===<br />
''Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes'' was primarily filmed in [[Nellimarla]] in [[Vizianagaram district]], [[Bheemunipatnam|Bheemili]] in [[Visakhapatnam district]], and [[Ramoji Film City]]. Set in the 1990s, the production team faced challenges recreating the period look. Specific locations were chosen to authentically reflect the era, according to the director.<ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
The music of ''Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes'' is composed by [[Sunil Kashyap]] and Gyanni, with lyrics written by [[Ramajogayya Sastry]], Purnachary and [[Kasarla Shyam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2024 |title=Vennela Kishore's Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes To Hit Theaters This Christmas |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/vennela-kishores-srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-to-hit-theaters-this-christmas-9134852.html |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[News18]] |language=en |archive-date=6 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206124849/https://www.news18.com/movies/vennela-kishores-srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-to-hit-theaters-this-christmas-9134852.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-12-10 |title='Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes' new song boasts electrifying party beats |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-new-song-boasts-electrifying-party-beats-928579 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-21 |title=Harish Shankar launches first single from 'Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/harish-shankar-launches-first-single-from-srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-886370 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en |archive-date=22 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622024242/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/harish-shankar-launches-first-single-from-srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-886370 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-06 |title='Preminchane Pilla' from Srikakulam Sherlockholmes is a robust love song |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jul/06/preminchane-pilla-from-srikakulam-sherlockholmes-is-a-robust-love-song |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725184147/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jul/06/preminchane-pilla-from-srikakulam-sherlockholmes-is-a-robust-love-song |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Devulapally |first=Aditya |date=2024-12-10 |title='Sakunthalakkayya' from Srikakulam Sherlockholmes is a dazzling special song |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Dec/10/sakunthalakkayya-from-srikakulam-sherlockholmes-is-a-dazzling-special-song |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=11 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211212935/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Dec/10/sakunthalakkayya-from-srikakulam-sherlockholmes-is-a-dazzling-special-song |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track list<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Ma Ooru Srikakulam<br />
| length1 = <br />
| lyrics1 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]<br />
| music1 = [[Sunil Kashyap]]<br />
| extra1 = [[Mangli]]<br />
| title2 = Preminchane Pilla<br />
| length2 = <br />
| lyrics2 = Purnachary<br />
| music2 = Sunil Kashyap<br />
| extra2 = [[Rahul Sipligunj]]<br />
| title3 = Sakuntalakkayya<br />
| length3 = <br />
| lyrics3 = [[Kasarla Shyam]]<br />
| music3 = Sunil Kashyap<br />
| extra3 = Uma Neha<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
The first look of ''Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes'' was unveiled on 8 January 2024, by 24 Telugu film directors at an event attended by producer [[Dil Raju]] as the chief guest.<ref name=":5" /> The first motion poster for the film was released on 30 May 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |last=B. H. Harsh |date=2024-06-22 |title='Maa Ooru Srikakulam' from Srikulam Sherlockholmes is an evocative composition |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jun/22/maa-ooru-srikakulam-from-srikulam-sherlockholmes-is-an-evocative-composition |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219195631/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jun/22/maa-ooru-srikakulam-from-srikulam-sherlockholmes-is-an-evocative-composition |archive-date=19 December 2024 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> followed by the teaser on 28 November 2024.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-28 |title='Srikakulam Sherlockholmes' teaser: Vennela Kishore asks to look at the output rather than the outlook in this comedy caper |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/srikakulam-sherlockholmes-teaser-vennela-kishore-asks-to-look-at-the-output-rather-than-the-outlook-in-this-comedy-caper/article68922326.ece |access-date=2024-12-20 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The official trailer premiered on 17 December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adivi |first=Sashidhar |date=2024-12-16 |title=Trailer Of Vennela Kishore's Upcoming Telugu Film 'Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes' Out! |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/trailer-of-vennela-kishores-upcoming-telugu-film-srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-released-article-116372253 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref> The film is being distributed by Vamsi Nandipati, known for his previous distribution work on films such as [[KA (film)|''Ka'']] (2024), ''[[Maa Oori Polimera 2]]'' (2023), and ''[[Committee Kurrollu]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-12-17 |title='Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes' trailer promises a blend of mystery and entertainment |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/srikakulam-sherlock-holmes-trailer-promises-a-blend-of-mystery-and-entertainment-930455 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|tt32495402}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2024 films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about murder]]<br />
[[Category:Indian detective films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Visakhapatnam]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Visakhapatnam]]<br />
[[Category:2024 comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:2020s comedy thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy thriller films]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rey_(film)&diff=530422Rey (film)2026-05-07T08:04:23Z<p>KathieMuriel714: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Rey<br />
| image = Rey film poster (1).jpg<br />
| caption = Movie poster<br />
| writer = <br />
| story = Y. V. S. Chowdary<br />
| screenplay = Y. V. S. Chowdary<br>Rajasimha<br>Sridhar Seepana<br />
| starring = [[Sai Dharam Tej]]<br>[[Shraddha Das]]<br>[[Saiyami Kher]]<br />
| producer = Y. V. S. Chowdary<br />
| director = [[Y. V. S. Chowdary]]<br />
| music = [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]<br />
| cinematography = Gunasekharan<br />
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]<br />
| studio = Bommarillu Vaari<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|03|27}}<br />
| runtime = 165 minutes<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| country = India<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Rey''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romance film|romantic]] [[action film|action]] [[dance film]] produced and directed by [[Y. V. S. Chowdary|YVS Chowdary]]. The film stars [[Sai Dharam Tej]], [[Saiyami Kher]], [[Shraddha Das]] while [[Arpit Ranka]] and [[Farhad Shahnawaz]] play supporting roles. [[Chakri (composer)|Chakri]] composed the music.<br />
<br />
The film was launched at [[Ramanaidu Studios]] in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] on 17 October 2010 on the eve of [[Vijayadashami]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-rey.html|title=Rey film launch|publisher=idlebrain.com|date=17 October 2010|accessdate=19 March 2014}}</ref> and ended on 6 August 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://raagalahari.com/news/17166/rey-on-oct-11th-as-dusserra-gift.aspx|title=Rey on Oct 11th as Dusserra gift|publisher=raagalahari.com|date=6 August 2013|accessdate=19 March 2014}}</ref> The film is released on 27 March 2015.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Jenna is a famous "Star" and Mexican pop singer who won two "Best of the World" titles in the competitions held at the epicenter of music United States. But to win it the third time she faces tough competition from Sandi. A [[Mexicans|Mexican]] Mafia Don Dange who worships Jenna kills Sandi to eliminate the competition for her. Amrita from India, pledges to win the "Best of the World" title and joins a Jamaican College, Bob Marley to enter the competition. There she meets Rock, who is a big flirt and never cares for any woman's feelings. He goes on flirting and using insults and abusive language with the girls. He annoys Amrita to the core. His life takes a sudden turn due to an incident, and he with his rock band decides to join Amrita in the competition. Jenna tries to create all sorts of troubles possible for the band very desperately. Why does Jenna need to stop Rock band? What is she afraid off? How will Rock answer her challenges and overcome them? Will Jenna win the third title or will Rock band create history?<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
* [[Sai Dharam Tej]] as Rock, Gangster of Jamaica<br />
* [[Saiyami Kher]] as Amrutha<br />
* [[Shraddha Das]] as Jenna, Goddess of America<br />
* [[Farhad Shahnawaz]] as Sandy<br />
* [[Arpit Ranka]] as Dange, a don in USA<br />
* [[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]] as Rock's father<br />
* Richie Stephens as The Reverend<br />
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Lungi Baba<br />
* [[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]] as Virus<br />
* [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as Principal<br />
* [[Brahmanandam]]<br />
* [[Rao Ramesh]]<br />
* [[Tanikella Bharani]]<br />
* [[Noel Sean]]<br />
* [[M. S. Narayana]]<br />
* [[Raghu Babu]]<br />
* [[Duvvasi Mohan]]<br />
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]]<br />
* [[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]]<br />
* [[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]]<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Rey<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt = <br />
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2012|12|03}}<br />
| recorded = 2012<br />
| venue = <br />
| studio = <br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 37:41<br />
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| label = [[Aditya Music]]<br />
| producer = [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]<br />
| prev_title = [[Devaraya]]<br />
| prev_year = 2012<br />
| next_title = [[Laddu Babu]]<br />
| next_year = 2014<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The music composed by [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]], with lyrics written by [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]. The soundtrack album was released under the label [[Aditya Music]] on 3 December 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=KS|first=Subha|date=2012-11-23|title=Rey Audio From Dec 3|url=http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/Rey-songs-A0003284|access-date=2012-11-26|work=Raaga}}</ref> The soundtrack received a mixed review from Cinecorn.com, receiving a rating of 2/5, stating Director YVS Chowdhary for the maximum part hasn't disappointed musically despite the ‘been there, done that kind’ of feel it evokes but fails to deliver a knock out album. One feels the extra hard work being put for the album but it ends up hurting the album. Rey too is in similar vein and a lot depends on the choreography and placement of the songs in the film as well."<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2012-12-04|title=Rey Music Review - Ďeja vu Overload|url=http://www.cinecorn.com/telugu/reviews/telugu-audio-reviews/music-review-rey-deja-vu-overload.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123082316/http://www.cinecorn.com/telugu/reviews/telugu-audio-reviews/music-review-rey-deja-vu-overload.html|archive-date=2014-01-23|access-date=2012-12-23}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| collapsed = <br />
| headline = <br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 37:41<br />
| all_writing = <br />
| all_lyrics = <br />
| all_music = <br />
| writing_credits = <br />
| lyrics_credits = <br />
| music_credits = <br />
| title1 = Girls<br />
| extra1 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Noel Sean]], Sahithi, Sravani, Deepthi, Pranika, Neha<br />
| length1 = 5:18<br />
| title2 = Oh Dear<br />
| extra2 = Chakri, [[S. Thaman]], [[Vedala Hemachandra|Hemachandra]], [[Rahul Nambiar]], [[Sri Mani]], Chandrabose<br />
| length2 = 5:23<br />
| title3 = Rey (Theme)<br />
| extra3 = Noel Sean<br />
| length3 = 1:22<br />
| title4 = Golimar<br />
| extra4 = Vasu, Noel Sean<br />
| length4 = 5:09<br />
| title5 = Ammaaye<br />
| extra5 = Chakri, Venu, Dinker, [[Noel Sean]], Saicharan, Sahithi, Shravani, Deepthi, Neha, Parinika<br />
| length5 = 5:43<br />
| title6 = Priyathama<br />
| extra6 = Chakri<br />
| length6 = 5:56<br />
| title7 = Dance<br />
| extra7 = [[Jaspreet Jasz]], [[Suchitra]], [[L. V. Revanth]]<br />
| length7 = 5:00<br />
| title8 = Rey (Manthra)<br />
| extra8 = [[Sravana Bhargavi]]<br />
| length8 = 1:17<br />
| title9 = Power Of Rey<br />
| extra9 = Chakri, Noel Shan, Bhargavi Pillai<br />
| length9 = 8:04<br />
| title10 = Rey With Pawanism<br />
| extra10 = Narendra, Noyal Sean<br />
| length10 = 4:57<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
<br />
=== Box office ===<br />
Rey collected a share of ₹1.55 crore on its opening day at the AP and Nizam box office<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2015 |title=Rey 1st Day Total Collections{{!}} AndhraBoxOffice.com |url=http://andhraboxoffice.com/info.aspx?id=748&cid=6&fid=1000 |archive-date= |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=andhraboxoffice.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|2100613}}<br />
<br />
{{YVS Chowdary}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2015 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Y. V. S. Chowdary]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Chakri]]<br />
[[Category:Indian dance films]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajesh_Khullar&diff=528597Rajesh Khullar2026-05-04T21:02:31Z<p>KathieMuriel714: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Diplomat and IAS officer, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Rajesh Khullar<br />
| honorific_suffix = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<br />
| education = [[Harvard Kennedy School]],<br />[[National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies|GRIPS]],<br />[[Panjab University]]<br />
| birth_place = [[Ambala]], [[Haryana]]<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1963|8|31}}<br />
| occupation = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS Officer]]<br />
| office1 = [[Principal secretary (India)|Chief Principal Secretary]] to [[List of Chief Ministers of Haryana|Chief Minister, Haryana]]<br />
| term_start1 = 1 September 2023<br />
| office2 = [[Executive Director]] at [[World Bank Group]]<br />
| president2 = [[David Malpass]]<br />
| deputy2 = [[Rajeev Topno]]<br />
| term_start2 = 1 November 2020<br />
| term_end2 = 31 March 2023<br />
| office3 = [[Principal secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]] to [[List of Chief Ministers of Haryana|Chief Minister, Haryana]]<br />
| term_start3 = 15 November 2015<br />
| term_end3 = 30 October 2020<br />
| office4 = [[Joint Secretary]] at [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Department of Economic Affairs]]<br />
| term_start4 = 9 February 2011<br />
| term_end4 = 26 February 2015<br />
| 1blankname1 = Prime Minister<br />
| 1namedata1 = [[Narendra Modi]]<br />
| 2blankname1 = Chief Minister<br />
| 2namedata1 = [[Manohar Lal Khattar]], <br/> [[Nayab Singh Saini]]<br />
| 1blankname3 = Prime Minister<br />
| 1namedata3 = [[Narendra Modi]]<br />
| 2blankname3 = Chief Minister<br />
| 2namedata3 = [[Manohar Lal Khattar]]<br />
| 1blankname4 = Prime Minister<br />
| 1namedata4 = [[Manmohan Singh]],<br/>[[Narendra Modi]]<br />
| 2blankname4 = Minister<br />
| 2namedata4 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]],<br/>[[P Chidambaram]],<br/>[[Arun Jaitley]]<br />
| image = Rajesh Khullar, World Bank Executive Director.jpg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rajesh Khullar''' (born 31 August 1963) is a high-ranking Indian official and [[Principal secretary (India)|Chief Principal Secretary]] to [[List of Chief Ministers of Haryana|Chief Minister, Haryana]].<ref name=":khattar-aide">{{Cite news|last=Sura|first=Ajay|date=19 Oct 2024|title=Khattar's Trusted Aide is Back to Steer Haryana CMO|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/rajesh-khullar-appointed-chief-principal-secretary-in-haryana-khattars-key-ally-returns-to-cmo/articleshow/114362168.cms|access-date=18 November 2024|website=[[Times of India]]|publication-place=[[Chandigarh]]}}</ref><ref name=":cpscm">{{Cite news|author=|date=1 September 2023|title=Haryana: Rajesh Khullar New Chief Principal Secretary to CM|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/haryana-government-appoints-rajesh-khullar-as-chief-principal-secretary-to-cm-bringing-agility-in-administration-101693562515714.html|access-date=1 September 2023|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=23379369}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|first=|date= 19 October 2024 |title=Haryana: Rajesh Khullar Appointed Chief Principal Secretary to CM |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/haryana-rajesh-khullar-appointed-chief-principal-secretary-to-cm-101729279945406.html |access-date=12 February 2025|website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Known as “Haryana’s [[Chanakya]],” Khullar's quiet statecraft has long shaped the state’s political calculus, anchoring him at the centre of power.<ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=18 October 2024|title=Rajesh Khullar Gets Important Responsibility in Nayab Saini's Sarkar Part 2 |url=https://impressivetimes.com/national/news-2804/|access-date=19 January 2025|website=The Impressive Times|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref><ref name=":21depts">{{Cite web|last=Gayatri|first=Geetanjali|title=With 21 Key Departments at CMO, Khullar Emerges All-Powerful |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/with-21-key-depts-at-cmo-khullar-emerges-all-powerful/ |access-date=12 February 2025|website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> Previously, he served on the board of the [[World Bank Group]] as [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], and [[Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka's]] representative. Khullar belongs to the [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]], India's elite civil service, tasked with commanding policy, governance, and administration nationwide.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |author= |date=14 September 2020 |title=Haryana IAS officer Rajesh Khullar appointed Executive Director, World Bank |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/haryana-ias-officer-rajesh-khullar-appointed-executive-director-world-bank/story-4WbKloD5HnH1Ruml8oPu9M.html |access-date=20 December 2020 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |publication-place=[[Chandigarh]] |oclc=23379369}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Saini |first=Manvir |date=15 November 2015 |title=Khullar is New Principal Secretary to Haryana CM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Khullar-is-new-principal-secretary-to-Haryana-CM/articleshow/49786972.cms |access-date=15 December 2019 |website=[[The Times of India]] |publication-place=[[Chandigarh]] |oclc=23379369}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=17 September 2019 |title=Chandigarh: HSIIDC signs MoU with SIDB for funding MSMEs |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/chandigarh-hsiidc-signs-mou-with-sidb-for-funding-msmes-119091701117_1.html |access-date=15 December 2019 |website=[[Business Standard]] |publication-place=[[Chandigarh]] |oclc=23379369}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Khullar was born on 31 August 1963 in [[Ambala Cantonment]], [[India]], where his father was detailed as an officer of the [[Indian Army]]. He earned his bachelor's degree from [[Kurukshetra University]] at the age of 17. He went on to receive a [[Master of Science|Master of Science (MSc)]] in Physics, graduating with a [[gold medal]] from [[Panjab University]]. Khullar was pursuing a [[Master of Engineering|Master of Technology (MTech)]] at [[IIT Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi]] when he joined the [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) in 1987, assigned to the [[Maharashtra]] cadre. While training at [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy|National Police Academy]], [[Hyderabad]], he joined the [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) with [[Haryana]] cadre in 1988. Khullar also holds a [[Master of Public Administration]] degree from [[National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies|GRIPS]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] and an Executive Development Program diploma from [[Harvard Kennedy School]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=November 2013|url=http://www.grips.ac.jp/en/alumni/almo/pastalmo/almos2013/13-11/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 December 2019|website=[[National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies]]}}</ref> He speaks Punjabi, Hindi, English and Japanese.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=GRIPS - Some Prominent Alumni|url=http://www.grips.ac.jp/en/alumni/index/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 December 2019|website=[[National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies]]}}</ref><br />
[[File:Shri Jagdeep Dhankhar and Shri Rajesh Khullar.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|310x310px|Khullar (left) with the 14th [[Vice President of India]], [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] (right) at the [[Vice President's Enclave|Vice President's Residence]] in [[New Delhi]] on 9 February 2024]]<br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
As a career bureaucrat, Khullar has served in various capacities in both [[Government of India]] and [[Government of Haryana]]. These include [[Joint secretary to the Government of India|Joint Secretary]] ([[Ministry of Finance (India)|Department of Economic Affairs]], [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]]),<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Rajesh Khullar - Executive Record Sheet|url=https://supremo.nic.in/ERSheetHtml.aspx?OffIDErhtml=14979&PageId=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 December 2019|website=Department of Personnel and Training, [[Government of India]]}}</ref><ref name=":ggn">{{Cite web|last=Joseph|first=Joel|date=6 February 2011|title=MCG All Set for New Commissioner|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/MCG-all-set-for-new-commissioner/articleshow/7434184.cms|access-date=12 December 2019|website=[[The Times of India]]|publication-place=[[Gurgaon]]|oclc=23379369}}</ref> Home Secretary ([[Haryana]]),<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=29 Nov 2019|title=Khattar's Aides are Now Admn Secys of Vij's Depts|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/khattar-s-aides-are-now-admn-secys-of-vij-s-depts/story-65goGvIMpe8L07RWm2WlEK.html|access-date=20 December 2019|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|publication-place=[[Chandigarh]]|oclc=}}</ref> [[Municipal Commissioner]] ([[Gurgaon]] and [[Faridabad]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahuja|first=Sanjeev|date=10 Aug 2009|title='I don't know who runs this city; maybe God does'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/i-don-t-know-who-runs-this-city-maybe-god-does/story-iKkxVxF4Yef03DyhMPxkUM.html|access-date=18 November 2019|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|publication-place=[[Chandigarh]]|oclc=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Joseph|first=Joel|date=29 December 2010|title=Khullar Gets Transferred, MCG to Get a New Boss This New Year|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Khullar-gets-transferred-MCG-to-get-a-new-boss-this-new-year/articleshow/7181119.cms|access-date=18 December 2019|website=[[The Times of India]]|publication-place=[[Gurgaon]]|oclc=23379369}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kalia|first=Vikas|date=8 July 2007|title=Faridabad Gears Up for Commonwealth Games|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/faridabad-gears-up-for-cwealth-games/articleshow/2185688.cms?from=mdr|access-date=11 December 2019|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[Faridabad]]|oclc=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=16 October 2008|title=Gurgaon to have waste management plant|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/gurgaon-to-have-waste-management-plant/articleshow/3605146.cms|access-date=25 February 2022|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[Gurgaon]]|oclc=}}</ref> and [[District Magistrate]] ([[Sonipat]] and [[Rohtak]]) among others.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Jatinder|date=21 March 2001|title=HBVN Scheme Finds Few Takers|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010322/haryana.htm|access-date=14 December 2019|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|publication-place=[[Chandigarh]]|oclc=}}</ref> <br />
[[File:The_Joint_Secretary,_Department_of_Economic_Affairs,_Shri_Rajesh_Khullar_and_the_Ambassador_of_Japan_to_India.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|310x310px|Khullar (right) with the Ambassador of [[Japan]] to [[India]], Takeshi Yagi (left) on the signing of the [[Official Development Assistance (Japan)|Official Development Assistance]] agreement worth ¥30 billion in [[New Delhi]] on 12 November 2013]]<br />
<br />
===Joint Secretary, Ministry of Finance===<br />
In February 2011, Khullar was appointed [[Joint secretary to the Government of India|Joint Secretary]], [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Department of Economic Affairs]], [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=16 January 2015|title=Japan commits Rs 2,620-cr development loan assistance to India|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/japan-commits-rs-2620-cr-development-loan-assistance-to-india/articleshow/45914995.cms|access-date=15 May 2021|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=18 December 2014|title=India signs 625 million euro loan agreement with Germany|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/india-signs-625-million-euro-loan-agreement-with-germany/articleshow/45560959.cms|access-date=15 October 2021|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=31 March 2014|title=Japan to give Rs 15000 crore ODA for Delhi Metro, 4 other projects|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/japan-to-give-rs-15000-crore-oda-for-delhi-metro-4-other-projects/articleshow/33030419.cms|access-date=19 June 2021|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref> He helped formulate India's Public Private Partnership and Land Monetization policies, developed the structure of India's infrastructure debt funds, and signed key bilateral agreements as Joint Secretary.<ref name=":dea">{{Cite web|author=Express News Service|date=15 September 2020|title=Haryana IAS Rajesh Khullar Appointed Executive Director of World Bank|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-rajesh-khullar-appointed-executive-director-world-bank-6596920/|access-date=13 June 2021|website=[[The Indian Express]]|publication-place=[[Chandigarh]]|oclc=70274541}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=29 January 2014|title=Japan extends Rs 1,336 crore loan to IIT-Hyderabad|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/japan-extends-rs-1336-crore-loan-to-iit-hyderabad/articleshow/29567536.cms|access-date=19 June 2021|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=12 November 2013|title=Japan to give Rs 1,958 crore loan assistance to India|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/japan-to-give-rs-1958-crore-loan-assistance-to-india/articleshow/25641086.cms|access-date=23 July 2021|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref> Khullar demitted office in February 2015 following his repatriation to the state cadre at the request of the newly formed [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] government in Haryana, the first of its kind in the state's history.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=17 September 2013|title=JICA to provide Rs 4700 cr loan for Mumbai Metro Line-3 project|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/jica-to-provide-rs-4700-cr-loan-for-mumbai-metro-line-3-project/articleshow/22665039.cms|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=17 September 2013|title=Mumbai Metro gets Rs 4700 crore loan boost from Japan|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/mumbai-metro-gets-rs-4700-crore-loan-boost-from-japan/articleshow/22656189.cms|access-date=24 August 2021|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=6 June 2013|title=India, Germany sign umbrella pact on energy, environment|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/india-germany-sign-umbrella-pact-on-energy-environment/articleshow/20465731.cms|access-date=19 January 2022|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=22 February 2013|title=Japan International Cooperation Agency extends Rs 1,350 crore loan for Bihar Buddhist Circuit Road|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/japan-international-cooperation-agency-extends-rs-1350-crore-loan-for-bihar-buddhist-circuit-road/articleshow/18626953.cms|access-date=19 January 2022|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref>[[File:The Joint Secretary (BC), Department of Economic Affairs, Shri Rajesh Khullar and the Director for Asia and Latin America.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|310x310px|Khullar (left) with the Director for Asia and Latin America, Francisco de. Paula Coelho (right) on the signing of €200 million loan between [[European Investment Bank]] and the Department of Economic Affairs in [[New Delhi]] on 29 April 2014]]<br />
<br />
===Principal Secretary to Chief Minister, Haryana===<br />
In November 2015, Khullar was appointed [[Principal secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]] to [[List of Chief Ministers of Haryana|Chief Minister, Haryana]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/in-major-reshuffle-six-officers-shifted-158221|title=In Major Reshuffle, Six Officers Shifted|last=Gayatri|first=Geetanjali|date=14 November 2015|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|publication-place=[[Chandigarh]]|oclc=|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Joseph|first=Joel|date=28 September 2016|title=It's official! Gurgaon will henceforth be called Gurugram|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/its-officialgurgaonwill-henceforth-be-calledgurugram/articleshow/54558715.cms|access-date=23 February 2022|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[Gurgaon]]|oclc=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=22 December 2015|title=China's Wanda Group likely to invest US$ 1 billion in Haryana|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/chinas-wanda-group-likely-to-invest-us-1-billion-in-haryana/articleshow/50287418.cms|access-date=13 January 2021|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref> He also served as the [[Chairman]] of [[Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation]] (HSIIDC) and [[Haryana Financial Corporation]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Krar|first=Prashant|date=4 May 2020|title=Haryana to woo companies keen to move from China|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/haryana-to-woo-companies-keen-to-move-from-china/articleshow/75539325.cms|access-date=23 December 2020|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Haidar|first=Faizan|date=7 October 2020|title=Flipkart acquires 140-acre land at Rs 432 crore, to develop logistic park|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/property-/-cstruction/flipkart-acquires-140-acre-land-at-rs-432-crore-to-develop-logistic-park/articleshow/78535245.cms|access-date=22 September 2021|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref> In Haryana, Khullar inspired farmers to conserve water, promoted the use of digital governance tools, and designed schemes to curb female foeticide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/environment/story/20060807-charcoal-produced-from-wild-babool-in-kutch-gujarat-782629-2006-08-07|title=Gujarat Government Legalised the Business of Making Charcoal from Wild Babool|last=Mahurkar|first=Uday|date=7 August 2006|website=India Today|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100813/haryana.htm|title=Gurgaon MC to Tighten Noose on Cattle Owners|last=Dhawan|first=Sunit|date=12 August 2010|website=The Tribune|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref> He demitted office in October 2020 upon his appointment as [[Executive Director]] at the [[World Bank Group]] by the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] (ACC), chaired by the [[Prime Minister of India]].<ref name=":ds">{{Cite web|last=Saini|first=Manvir|date=19 October 2020|title=Haryana Follows Punjab, DS Dhesi Appointed Chief Principal Secretary to CM|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/haryana-follows-punjab-ds-dhesi-appointed-chief-principal-secretary-to-cm/articleshow/78748992.cms|access-date=11 December 2020|website=[[The Times of India]]|publication-place=[[Chandigarh]]|oclc=23379369}}</ref><br />
[[File:Banga Khullar.jpg|alt=|right|thumb|310x310px|Khullar (left) with the 14th [[President of the World Bank Group|World Bank Group President]] and former Vice Chairman at [[General Atlantic]], [[Ajay Banga]] (right) at the [[World Bank Group]] headquarters in Washington, D.C., on 1 March 2023]]<br />
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===Executive Director, World Bank Group===<br />
In September 2020, Khullar was appointed [[Executive Director]] at the [[World Bank Group]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI|date=14 September 2020|title=Senior bureaucrat Rajesh Khullar appointed Executive Director, World Bank |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/senior-bureaucrat-rajesh-khullar-appointed-executive-director-world-bank/articleshow/78107327.cms|access-date=19 June 2021|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=}}</ref> He chaired the [[World Bank Group|World Bank Group's]] Committee on Development Effectiveness (CODE) and was a member of the [[Global Environment Facility]] council, where he represented [[Nepal]] and [[Maldives]] in addition to [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]] and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref name=":wb">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Executive Director: EDS12, Executive Directors|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/r/rajesh-khullar|access-date=13 January 2022|website=[[World Bank Group]]|publication-place=|oclc=}}</ref><ref name=":pr">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=World Bank Accountability Mechanism Issues Interim Operating Procedures for the Dispute Resolution Service|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/10/13/world-bank-accountability-mechanism-issues-interim-operating-procedures-for-the-dispute-resolution-service|access-date=13 January 2022|website=[[World Bank Group]]|publication-place=Washington, D.C.|oclc=}}</ref> As Executive Director, Khullar instituted a new policy for the [[Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman|Compliance Advisor Ombudsman]] to strengthen environmental and social accountability for the [[International Finance Corporation]] and [[Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=New CAO Policy Enhances IFC and MIGA Environmental and Social Accountability|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/07/01/new-cao-policy-enhances-ifc-and-miga-environmental-and-social-accountability|access-date=13 January 2023|website=[[World Bank Group]]|publication-place=Washington, D.C.|oclc=}}</ref> He also led a group of 29 countries to pledge $5.3 billion for the [[Global Environmental Facility]] to tackle [[climate change]] and biodiversity loss.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=8 April 2022|title=Countries pledge record support to the Global Environment Facility|url=https://www.thegef.org/newsroom/press-releases/countries-pledge-record-support-global-environment-facility|access-date=25 March 2023|website=[[Global Environmental Facility]]|publication-place=Washington, D.C.|oclc=}}</ref> He was recalled to India in March 2023, six months before the end of his term, in preparation for the parliamentary and state elections in 2024. [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] won both elections that year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=10 October 2023|title=IAS officer Rajesh Khullar Set to Return to Haryana|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/ias-officer-rajesh-khullar-return-haryana-8457285/|access-date=4 July 2024|website=[[The Indian Express]]|publication-place=Chandigarh|oclc=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=8 February 2024|title=Haryana CM Khattar's Confidant Rajesh Khullar Gets More Power With 18 Departments|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/haryana-cm-khattar-s-confidant-rajesh-khullar-gets-more-power-with-18-depts-588445|access-date=4 July 2024|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|publication-place=Chandigarh|oclc=}}</ref><ref name=":mostpowerful">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 February 2024|title=What Makes Rajesh Khullar, ex-IAS Officer, the Most Powerful Bureaucrat in Haryana|url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/what-makes-rajesh-khullar-ex-ias-officer-the-most-powerful-bureaucrat-in-haryana/1960396/|access-date=4 July 2024|website=[[ThePrint]]|publication-place=Chandigarh|oclc=}}</ref> <br />
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[[File:Rajesh Khullar with Nirmala Sitharaman at IMF World Bank Spring Meetings 2022.png|alt=|left|thumb|310x310px|Khullar (left) with the 30th [[Minister of Finance (India)|Finance Minister of India]], [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] (right) at the [[International Monetary Fund]] headquarters in Washington, D.C., on 20 April 2022]] <br />
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===Chief Principal Secretary to Chief Minister, Haryana===<br />
Due to superannuate from the [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] on 31 August 2023, Khullar was appointed Chief Principal Secretary to Chief Minister, Haryana the following day, a position specially created for him.<ref name=":cpscm" /><ref name=":khattar-aide" /> When [[Manohar Lal Khattar]] was replaced by [[Nayab Singh Saini]] in March 2024, Khullar continued in the role, with commentators describing him as the de facto head of the state.<ref name=":khattar-aide" /> Such was his political influence that during the [[2024 Indian general election]] campaign, the [[Rahul Gandhi]]-led [[Indian National Congress]] petitioned the [[Election Commission of India]] to have him reassigned, a request the Commission did not act upon.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Siwach|first=Sukhbir|date=1 April 2024|title=Haryana Congress to EC: Remove Saini's Chief Principal Secretary|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-congress-to-ec-remove-sainis-chief-principal-secy-9242800/|access-date=18 April 2026|website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Following [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'s victory in 2024, Khullar was reappointed Chief Principal Secretary in the new government, with 21 departments placed under him, including Finance, Home, Energy, Revenue, and Industries and Commerce, along with overall charge of the Chief Minister's office and of legislative business before the Council of Ministers.<ref name=":21depts" /> He is widely regarded as the true seat of power in Haryana.<ref name=":mostpowerful"></ref><br />
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[[File:John Kerry with Rajesh Khullar.jpg|alt=|right|thumb|310x310px|Khullar (right) with the former [[U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate]] and [[United States Secretary of State]], [[John Kerry]] (left) at [[Embassy of India, Washington, D.C.|India House, Washington, D.C.]], on 14 October 2021]]<br />
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==Recognition==<br />
In 2009, Khullar was conferred an ''Award of Excellence'' under [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission]] (JNNURM) for creating India's first social safety umbrella which included savings accounts, insurance, public conveniences and night shelters.<ref name=":ubi">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unionbankofindia.co.in/pdf/AnnualReport201112.pdf|title=Union Bank of India Annual Report|last=|first=|date=2012|website=[[Union Bank of India]]|publisher=|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=|access-date=28 November 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2011, Khullar was recognized for developing [[Aravali Biodiversity Park, Gurgaon]], which was declared India's first OECM (Other Effective Conservation Measures) site in February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahuja| first=Sanjeev|date=14 July 2010|title=MCG outsources fencing work of Biodiversity Park|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/mcg-outsources-fencing-work-of-biodiversity-park/story-MJz8oTLeDMkZTLPePY2IlL.html|access-date=28 February 2022|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|publication-place=[[Gurgaon]]|oclc=23379369}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myliveablecity.com/article/detail/one-sapling-at-a-time/free|title=One Sapling at a Time|last=Thukral|first=Latika|date=July 2014|website=My Liveable City|publisher=|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=|access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.conservationindia.org/articles/forest-in-a-city-making-of-the-aravalli-biodiversity-park-abp-gurgaon|title=Rewilding in a City; Making of the Aravali Biodiversity Park|last=Dhasmana|first=Vijay|date=January 2020|website=Conservation India|publisher=|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=|access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Roy|first=Suparna|date= 3 February 2022|title=Aravali Biodiversity Park in Gurugram declared as India's first OECM site|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/aravalli-biodiversity-park-in-gurugram-declared-as-india-s-first-oecm-site-101643834401345.html|access-date=28 February 2022|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|publication-place=[[Gurgaon]]|oclc=23379369}}</ref><br />
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In 2019, Khullar was named in Asia Post's list of top officers in India along with [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], former [[Home Secretary (India)]] and [[Ajay Kumar (civil servant)|Ajay Kumar]], former [[Defence Secretary (India)]] who "have created new benchmarks of performance in public service."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://psuwatch.com/here-is-the-list-of-top-50-bureaucrats-surveyed-by-fame-india-asia-post-psu-watch/|title=Here is the list of Top 50 Bureaucrats Surveyed By Fame India, Asia Post & PSU Watch|last=|first=|date=24 September 2019|website=PSU Watch|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><br />
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== Works ==<br />
* ''Viral Match'' (2008) ISBN 9788129112835<br />
* ''Civil Services General Studies Main Examination - A Strategic Approach'' (2004) ISBN 8190214802<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category|Rajesh Khullar|position=right}}<br />
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*{{Commons category-inline|Rajesh Khullar}}<br />
*{{URL|1=https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/r/rajesh-khullar|2=Executive profile, as maintained by The World Bank Group}}<br />
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{{World Bank}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Khullar, Rajesh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian diplomats]]<br />
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:1963 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aishwarya_Rai_filmography&diff=485046Aishwarya Rai filmography2026-05-02T12:24:38Z<p>KathieMuriel714: new.</p>
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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}<br />
[[File:Aishwarya Rai 2015.jpg|thumb|Rai in 2015]]<br />
[[Aishwarya Rai]] is an Indian actress who has appeared in 50 films in five languages, predominantly in [[Hindi]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. She made her acting debut in 1997 with dual role in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] political drama film ''[[Iruvar]]'', and her [[Bollywood]] debut that same year in the romantic comedy ''[[Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya]]'' opposite [[Bobby Deol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/sep/03mohan1.htm |title=25 years, 25 landmarks |work=[[Rediff.com]] |author=Warrier, Shobha |date=3 September 2003 |access-date=2 April 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121020441/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/sep/03mohan1.htm |archive-date=21 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Roy |first=Gitanjoli |title=Who is Aishwarya Rai Bachchan? |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/who-is-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-217018 |date=1 November 2012 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=17 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116145019/http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/who-is-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-217018 |archive-date=16 November 2012 }}</ref> Rai followed it with a leading role in ''[[Jeans (film)|Jeans]]'' (1998), a high-profile Tamil film that was submitted as [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|India's official entry to the Academy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Rajitha |title=Wonder of wonders |url=http://www.indiaabroad.rediff.com/entertai/1998/apr/20sh.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=20 April 1998 |access-date=17 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173034/http://www.indiaabroad.rediff.com/entertai/1998/apr/20sh.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20010326/cinema.shtml |work=[[India Today]] |title=Waiting for the Oscar |author=Chopra, Anupama |date=26 March 2001 |access-date=9 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818010521/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20010326/cinema.shtml |archive-date=18 August 2014 }}</ref> She won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] for her breakthrough role in [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]'s romantic drama ''[[Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]'' and starred as a singer in the musical drama ''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]'' (both 1999).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/03/08/stories/2002030802690200.htm |title=Family values |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=8 March 2002 |access-date=1 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019141043/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/03/08/stories/2002030802690200.htm |archive-date=19 October 2011 }}</ref><ref name="ffwin">{{cite news|url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/best-actor-in-a-leading-role-female-award-winners-down-the-years-11716.html |title=Best Actor in a Leading Role (Female) award winners down the years |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=31 December 2015 |access-date=15 April 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315102648/http://www.filmfare.com/features/best-actor-in-a-leading-role-female-award-winners-down-the-years-11716.html |archive-date=15 March 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Sharma2011">{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Anu|title=Genius of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OFFWNqHeu6UC&pg=PT26|date=6 March 2011|publisher=Pinnacle Technology|isbn=978-1-61820-544-5|page=26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office India report of 1999|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1999.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221231737/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1999.htm|archive-date=21 December 2007|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=20 November 2008}}</ref><br />
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Rai had six film releases in 2000, including ''[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]'', a Tamil adaptation of [[Jane Austen]]'s novel ''[[Sense and Sensibility]]'', and [[Aditya Chopra]]'s romantic drama ''[[Mohabbatein]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Baskaran |first=S. Theodore |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2000/05/28/stories/09280223.htm |title=From the known to the unknown |date=28 May 2000 |access-date=22 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019141252/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2000/05/28/stories/09280223.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=19 October 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Box Office India |title=Box Office 2000 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=206&catName=MjAwMA== |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922022216/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=206&catName=MjAwMA%3D%3D |archive-date=22 September 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2002, Rai starred opposite [[Shah Rukh Khan]] in Bhansali's period romance ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'', an adaptation of the [[Devdas|novel of the same name]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Chowdhury |first=Souvik |url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/23/stories/2002092300860100.htm |title=Celebrating Devdas |date=23 September 2002 |access-date=1 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129140212/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/23/stories/2002092300860100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=29 November 2010 }}</ref> Her performance in the top-grossing production earned her a second Best Actress award at [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare]].<ref name="ffwin" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office India report of 2002|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/2002.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227015435/http://boxofficeindia.com/2002.htm|archive-date=27 December 2007|access-date=20 November 2008}}</ref> In 2003, Rai played a sexually repressed widow in [[Rituparno Ghosh]]'s [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengal]]i film ''[[Chokher Bali (2003 film)|Chokher Bali]]'', a [[sleeper hit]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/11/13/stories/2003111300830200.htm|title=Alluring Ash|author=Pillai, Shreedhar|access-date=13 November 2003|date=13 November 2003|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20031128224733/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/11/13/stories/2003111300830200.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date= 28 November 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Saha|first=Sambit|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/jan/10spec1.htm|title=Bengali films zoom in on profits|work=Rediff.com|date=10 January 2004|access-date=10 January 2004|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040114064301/http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/jan/10spec1.htm|archive-date= 14 January 2004}}</ref> However, the failure of her two Hindi film releases of the year{{mdash}}''[[Dil Ka Rishta]]'' and ''[[Kuch Naa Kaho]]''{{mdash}}led to a setback in her Bollywood career.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Box Office India |title=Box Office 2003 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=209&catName=MjAwMw== |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014131904/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=209&catName=MjAwMw%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="years">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/over-the-years-aishwarya-rai-bachchan/story-6qm1XYPdllZJYex4RVbkFO.html |title=Over the Years: Aishwarya Rai Bachchan |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=16 September 2012 |access-date=27 July 2014 |author=Sharma, Neha |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514032024/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/over-the-years-aishwarya-rai-bachchan/story-6qm1XYPdllZJYex4RVbkFO.html |archive-date=14 May 2016 }}</ref> The following year, Rai played a character based on [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a Bollywood-style adaptation of Austen's novel ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', entitled ''[[Bride and Prejudice]]'', a [[British film|British]] production directed by [[Gurinder Chadha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2005/02/11/movies/11boll.html |title=Mr. Darcy and Lalita, singing and dancing |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=21 October 2012 |date=11 February 2005 |first=Manohla |last=Dargis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512204129/http://movies.nytimes.com/2005/02/11/movies/11boll.html |archive-date=12 May 2013 }}</ref> Also in 2004, she reunited with Ghosh to play an unhappily married woman in the drama ''[[Raincoat (film)|Raincoat]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Verma|first=Sukanya|url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2004/dec/24rain.htm|title=Rain coat is simply beautiful|date=24 December 2004|access-date=9 March 2009|work=Rediff.com|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090406050743/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2004/dec/24rain.htm|archive-date= 6 April 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2006, Rai featured as a thief in the action film ''[[Dhoom 2]]'', her biggest commercial success since ''Devdas''.<ref name="years"/> She followed it by playing the leading lady opposite [[Abhishek Bachchan]] in Ratnam's drama ''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]'' (2007), a box office hit.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Box Office India |title=Box Office 2007 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw== |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132441/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Also in 2007, Rai appeared in her first [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] production{{mdash}}the unremarkable ''[[The Last Legion]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050710/spectrum/main6.htm |title=Enter Hollywood |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |access-date=27 July 2014 |date=10 July 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230622/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050710/spectrum/main6.htm |archive-date= 3 March 2016 }}</ref><ref name="legion">{{cite web|title=The Last Legion (2007) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/last_legion/ |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728234958/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/last_legion/ |archive-date=28 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/08/19/arts/NA-A-E-MOV-US-Box-Office.php |title='Superbad' delivers super debut with ,1.2 million debut |access-date=5 January 2009 |date=19 September 2007 |work=International Herald Tribune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131144237/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/08/19/arts/NA-A-E-MOV-US-Box-Office.php |archive-date=31 January 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> Greater success came to her (as Rai Bachchan) with the role of [[Mariam-uz-Zamani|Jodhaa Bai]] opposite [[Hrithik Roshan]]'s [[Akbar]] in the historical drama ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'' (2008).<ref name="Burgoyne2010">{{cite book|last=Burgoyne|first=Robert |title=The Epic Film in World Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pxCRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT116|date=24 November 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-85535-2|page=104}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office 2008 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=6 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132123/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rai Bachchan had five film releases in 2010, including the {{INRConvert|250|c}}-grossing Tamil science fiction film ''[[Enthiran]]'' co-starring [[Rajinikanth]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Chopra |first=Anuj |title=Star turn for Indian entertainment |url=http://www.thenational.ae/business/industry-insights/media/star-turn-for-indian-entertainment#full |access-date=30 July 2014 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=26 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808031611/http://www.thenational.ae/business/industry-insights/media/star-turn-for-indian-entertainment |archive-date= 8 August 2014 }}</ref> She also played a [[quadriplegia|quadriplegic]]'s nurse in Bhansali's acclaimed drama ''[[Guzaarish (film)|Guzaarish]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101120/jsp/entertainment/story_13197137.jsp |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |first=Pratim |last=D. Gupta |title=Hrithik in wonderland |date=20 November 2010 |access-date=26 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025194728/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101120/jsp/entertainment/story_13197137.jsp |archive-date=25 October 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/they-shouldve-shown-my-abs-in-guzaarish-hrithik/221706-40.html |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |title=They should've shown my abs in 'Guzaarish': Hrithik |date=17 January 2012 |access-date=27 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808155659/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/they-shouldve-shown-my-abs-in-guzaarish-hrithik/221706-40.html |archive-date= 8 August 2014 }}</ref> After a sabbatical, Rai Bachchan made her comeback with ''[[Jazbaa]]'' (2015), a remake of the South Korean film ''[[Seven Days (2007 film)|Seven Days]]'', and took on the supporting part of a poetess in [[Karan Johar]]'s commercially successful romance ''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]''.<ref name="jazbaa">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/jazbaa-shockingly-sloppy/article7743625.ece|title=Jazbaa: Shockingly sloppy|work=The Hindu|access-date=8 February 2016|date=9 October 2015|first=Anuj|last=Kumar|archive-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221183152/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/jazbaa-shockingly-sloppy/article7743625.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-karan-johar-finally-scores-a-century-with-ae-dil-hai-mushkil-crossing-rs-100-crore-mark-2271722 |title=Karan Johar finally scores a century with 'Ae Dil Hai Mushkil' crossing Rs 100 crore mark! |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=9 November 2016 |date=17 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111195951/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-karan-johar-finally-scores-a-century-with-ae-dil-hai-mushkil-crossing-rs-100-crore-mark-2271722 |archive-date=11 November 2016 }}</ref> She reunited with Ratnam for the two-part period films ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]'' (2022) and ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]'' (2023); the former earned {{INRConvert|500|c}} to rank as her highest-grossing release and one of the [[List of highest-grossing Tamil films|highest-grossing Tamil films]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mani Ratnam's Ponniyin Selvan: 1 Enters Rs 500-Crore Club At Worldwide Box Office|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/mani-ratnams-ponniyin-selvan-1-enters-rs-500-crore-club-at-worldwide-box-office-6301189.html|date=3 November 2022|access-date=7 November 2022|website=News18|archive-date=4 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104193548/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/mani-ratnams-ponniyin-selvan-1-enters-rs-500-crore-club-at-worldwide-box-office-6301189.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Films==<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Film<br />
! scope="col" | Role<br />
! scope="col" | Language<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |1997<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Iruvar]]''<br />
| Pushpavalli & Kalpana{{ref|1|[I]}}<br />
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="Hunter2013">{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=Nick|title=Popular Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BvDo91Nb8mAC&pg=PA15|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Raintree|isbn=978-1-4062-4032-0|page=15}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Kapoor|Ashi Kapoor}}<br />
| [[Hindi]]<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya (1997) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/200420 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808230020/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/200420 |archive-date= 8 August 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1998<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Jeans (film)|Jeans]]''<br />
| Madhumitha/Vaishnavi{{ref|2|[II]}}<br />
| Tamil<br />
| <br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|author=Srinivasan, V |work=Rediff.com |title=Of Jeans and bottom lines |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/mar/21jean.htm |date=21 March 1998 |access-date=3 May 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201659/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/mar/21jean.htm |archive-date= 3 March 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |1999<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Ravoyi Chandamama]]''<br />
| Dancer<br />
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| Special appearance in "Love to Live"<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/feb/12ss.htm |title=Do not disturb: From Tulu to Telugu |last=Rajitha |date=12 February 1999 |website=[[Rediff]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215092929/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/feb/12ss.htm |archive-date=15 February 2009 |access-date=26 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hansika strikes a big deal |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Hansika-strikes-a-big-deal/articleshow/4234539.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 March 2009 |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831210527/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Hansika-strikes-a-big-deal/articleshow/4234539.cms |archive-date=31 August 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Aa Ab Laut Chalen]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Walia|Pooja Walia}}<br />
| rowspan="3" | Hindi<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Aa Ab Laut Chalen (1999) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/200424 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428032214/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/200424 |archive-date=28 April 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]''<br />
| Nandini Darbar<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (1999) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/65166 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808230527/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/65166 |archive-date=8 August 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]''<br />
| Mansi Shankar Manhuja <br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web|title=Taal (1999) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201769 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808233911/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201769 |archive-date= 8 August 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |2000<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]''<br />
| Meenakshi<br />
| Tamil<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="DowHanson2012">{{cite book|last1=Dow|first1=Gillian |last2=Hanson|first2=Clare |title=Uses of Austen: Jane's Afterlives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h09clwxlHXUC&pg=PA184|date=18 September 2012|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-31946-2|page=184}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Josh (2000 film)|Josh]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Dias|Shirley Dias}}<br />
| rowspan="11" | Hindi<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |title=Josh (2000) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538516 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901023557/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538516 |archive-date=1 September 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Hamara Dil Aapke Paas Hai]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Vyas|Preeti Vyas}}<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |title=Hamara Dil Aapke Paas Hai (2000) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201758 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701232646/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201758 |archive-date=1 July 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Dhai Akshar Prem Ke]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Grewal|Sahiba Grewal}}<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Dhaai Akshar Prem Ke (2000) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54492 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902043959/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54492 |archive-date= 2 September 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Mohabbatein]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Shankar|Megha Shankar}}<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Mohabbatein (2000) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/57069 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518172354/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/57069 |archive-date=18 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Mela (2000 film)|Mela]]''<br />
| Champakali<br />
| Cameo<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Mela (2000) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539917 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407101657/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539917 |archive-date= 7 April 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Albela (2001 film)|Albela]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Heinz|Sonia Heinz}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web|title=Albela (2001) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538760 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831200819/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538760 |archive-date=31 August 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |2002<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]''<br />
|Paro<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Devdas (2002) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539146 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518172233/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539146 |archive-date=18 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Hum Kisise Kum Nahin (2002 film)|Hum Kisise Kum Nahin]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Rastogi|Komal Rastogi}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web|title=Hum Kisise Kum Nahin (2002) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539396 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901040453/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539396 |archive-date= 1 September 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam]]''<br />
| Suman<br />
| Cameo<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam (2002) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55962 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922061216/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55962 |archive-date=22 September 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[23rd March 1931: Shaheed]]''<br />
| Mannawali<br />
| Special appearance<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=23 March 1931 Shaheed (2002) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/514668 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901112542/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/514668 |archive-date= 1 September 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Shakti: The Power]]''<br />
| Herself<br />
| Special appearance in "Ishq Kamina"<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Shakti&nbsp;— The Power (2002) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/510587 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518172311/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/510587 |archive-date=18 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2003<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Chokher Bali (2003 film)|Chokher Bali]]''<br />
| Binodini<br />
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117921521/ | work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | first=Derek | last=Elley | title=Chokher Bali: A Passion Play | date=12 August 2003 | access-date=12 August 2003 | archive-date=11 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011234530/https://variety.com/2003/film/reviews/chokher-bali-a-passion-play-1200540006/ | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Dil Ka Rishta]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Sharma|Tia Sharma}}<br />
| rowspan="5" | Hindi<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web|title=Dil Ka Rishta (2003) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201712 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902043732/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201712 |archive-date= 2 September 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Kuch Naa Kaho]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Shrivastav|Namrata Shrivastav}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web|title=Kuch Naa Kaho (2003) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201861 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213020912/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201861 |archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2004<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]''<br />
| Mahalakshmi<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web|title=Khakhee (2004) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54532 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901192602/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54532 |archive-date= 1 September 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Kyun! Ho Gaya Na...]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Malhotra|Diya Malhotra}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Kyun! Ho Gaya Na (2004) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201845 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901014330/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201845 |archive-date= 1 September 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Raincoat (film)|Raincoat]]''<br />
|Neerja<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Raincoat (2004) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201622 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902181627/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201622 |archive-date=2 September 2014 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Bride and Prejudice]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Bakshi|Lalita Bakshi}}<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[English language|English]]<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Ponzanesi2014">{{cite book |last=Ponzanesi |first=Sandra |title=The Postcolonial Cultural Industry: Icons, Markets, Mythologies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JR2vAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA134 |date=14 May 2014 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-27259-1 |pages=133–134}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2005<br />
! scope="row" |{{Sort|Mistress of Spices|''[[The Mistress of Spices]]''}}<br />
| Tilo<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Mannur2009">{{cite book|last= Mannur|first=Anita|title=Culinary Fictions: Food in South Asian Diasporic Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLbG-5tWKlEC&pg=PA88|date=19 November 2009|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0079-6|page=88}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Shabd (film)|Shabd]]''<br />
| Antara Vashist/ Tammana{{ref|2|[II]}}<br />
| rowspan="5" |Hindi<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabd (2005) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54582 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901205217/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54582 |archive-date=1 September 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]''<br />
| Dancer<br />
| Special appearance in "[[Kajra Re]]"<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Bunty Aur Babli (2005) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/65070 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213020939/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/65070 |archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2006<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Umrao Jaan (2006 film)|Umrao Jaan]]''<br />
| Umrao Jaan<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Umrao Jaan (2006) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538451 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213021001/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538451 |archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Dhoom 2]]''<br />
| Sunehri Kaur<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Dhoom 2 (2006) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/509011 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902043908/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/509011 |archive-date= 2 September 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2007<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Desai|Sujata Desai}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Guru (2007) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539430 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213020937/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539430 |archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Provoked (film)|Provoked]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Ahluwalia|[[Kiranjit Ahluwalia]]}}<br />
| rowspan="2" | English<br />
| <br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Provoked (2007) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/provoked_a_true_story/ |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812172106/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/provoked_a_true_story/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |{{Sort|Last Legion|''[[The Last Legion]]''}}<br />
| Mira<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="legion"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2008<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]''<br />
|[[Mariam-uz-Zamani|Jodhaa Bai]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | Hindi<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Jodhaa Akbar (2008) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/58410 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901131603/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/58410 |archive-date= 1 September 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Sarkar Raj]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Rajan|Anita Rajan}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarkar Raj (2008) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508446 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213020956/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508446 |archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
! scope="row" |{{Sort|Pink Panther 2|''[[The Pink Panther 2]]''}}<br />
|{{Sort|Solandres|Sonia Solandres}}<br />
| English<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Pink Panther 2 (2009) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/pink_panther_2/ |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723153417/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/pink_panther_2/ |archive-date=23 July 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |2010<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Raavan (2010 film)|Raavan]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Sharma|Ragini Sharma}}<br />
| Hindi<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Raavan (2010) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/507455 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205024426/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/507455 |archive-date= 5 December 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Subramaniam|Ragini Subramaniam}}<br />
| rowspan="2" | Tamil<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="Rangan2012">{{cite book|last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |title=Conversations with Mani Ratnam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_d9XHAUFB8C&pg=PT515 |date=15 October 2012 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-81-8475-690-6 |page=515 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217211751/https://books.google.com/books?id=7_d9XHAUFB8C |archive-date=17 February 2017 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Enthiran]]''<br />
| Sana<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Robot (Enthiran in Hindi) (2010) |website=Amazon |url=https://www.amazon.com/Robot-Enthiran-Hindi-Rajnikanth/dp/B006O2NQRM |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521053035/http://www.amazon.com/Robot-Enthiran-Hindi-Rajnikanth/dp/B006O2NQRM |archive-date=21 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Action Replayy]]''<br />
| Mala Malhotra Chopra<br />
| rowspan="2" | Hindi<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Action Replayy (2010) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/525426 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901115108/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/525426 |archive-date= 1 September 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Guzaarish (film)|Guzaarish]]''<br />
|{{Sort|D'Souza|Sofia D'Souza}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Guzaarish (2010) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/515927 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831101135/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/515927 |archive-date=31 August 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
! scope="row" |''Bollywood: The Greatest Love Story Ever Told''<br />
| Herself<br />
| English/ Hindi<br />
| Documentary<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite news|last=Honeycutt |first=Kirk |title=Bollywood: The Greatest Love Story Ever Told: Cannes Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/bollywood-greatest-love-story-ever-188508 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=15 May 2011 |access-date=3 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419101318/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/bollywood-greatest-love-story-ever-188508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Jazbaa]]''<br />
|{{Sort|Verma|Anuradha Verma}}<br />
| rowspan="4" | Hindi<br />
| <br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="jazbaa"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2016<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Sarbjit (film)|Sarbjit]]''<br />
|{{sort|Kaur|Dalbir Kaur}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/response-to-my-look-in-sarbjit-encouraging-aishwarya-rai-bachchan/#sthash.vzZgOg37.dpuf |title=Response to my look in Sarbjit encouraging: Aishwarya Rai Bachchan |work=The Indian Express |date=22 December 2015 |access-date=8 February 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124191007/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/response-to-my-look-in-sarbjit-encouraging-aishwarya-rai-bachchan/ |archive-date=24 January 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]''<br />
|Saba Taliyar Khan<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/aishwarya-rai-bachchan-starts-shooting-for-ae-dil-hai-mushkil-with-ranbir-kapoor-in-vienna/#sthash.e57WRWxF.dpuf |title=Aishwarya Rai Bachchan starts shooting for 'Ae Dil Hai Mushkil' with Ranbir Kapoor in Vienna |work=The Indian Express |date=19 October 2015 |access-date=8 February 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224001219/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/aishwarya-rai-bachchan-starts-shooting-for-ae-dil-hai-mushkil-with-ranbir-kapoor-in-vienna/ |archive-date=24 February 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Fanney Khan]]''<br />
|Sumitra "Baby" Singh<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/fanney-khan-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-aishwarya-rai-stand-out-in-comedy-bogged-down-by-melodrama-4882701.html|title=Fanney Khan movie review: Rajkummar Rao, Aishwarya Rai stand out in comedy bogged down by melodrama|last=Jhunjhunwala|first=Udita|publisher=Firstpost|date=3 August 2018|access-date=3 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221033352/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/fanney-khan-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-aishwarya-rai-stand-out-in-comedy-bogged-down-by-melodrama-4882701.html|archive-date=21 December 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Nandini (fictional character)|Nandini]] & Oomai Rani{{ref|1|[I]}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |Tamil<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mani-ratnam-to-begin-shooting-ponniyin-selvan-in-thailand-next-month-1617031-2019-11-08|title=Mani Ratnam to begin shooting Ponniyin Selvan in Thailand next month|publisher=Indiatoday|date=16 December 2019|access-date=8 November 2019|archive-date=1 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201033425/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mani-ratnam-to-begin-shooting-ponniyin-selvan-in-thailand-next-month-1617031-2019-11-08|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]''<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2022 |title=Ponniyin Selvan Part 2 will release 6 to 9 months after part 1's release, says Mani Ratnam |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ponniyin-selvan-part-2-will-release-6-to-9-months-after-part-1-s-release-says-mani-ratnam-2001430-2022-09-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220918040108/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ponniyin-selvan-part-2-will-release-6-to-9-months-after-part-1-s-release-says-mani-ratnam-2001430-2022-09-17 |archive-date=18 September 2022 |access-date=18 September 2022 |website=India Today}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Footnotes==<br />
<sup>{{note|1|[I]}}</sup>Rai played dual roles in the film.<ref name="Dawar2006">{{cite book|last=Dawar |first=Ramesh |title=Bollywood: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TO6Fmi8FraUC&pg=PA2005 |date=1 January 2006 |publisher=Star Publications |isbn=978-1-905863-01-3 |page=27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231013227/https://books.google.com/books?id=TO6Fmi8FraUC |archive-date=31 December 2016 }}</ref><br/><br />
<sup>{{note|2|[II]}}</sup>Rai played a single character who has two different names in the film.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rajitha |title=An easy fit |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/may/15jean.htm |publisher=Rediff |date=15 May 1998 |access-date=27 July 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220152206/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/may/15jean.htm |archive-date=20 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Verma, Sukanya |title=Sanju rocks in Shabd! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/feb/04shabd.htm |publisher=Rediff |date=4 February 2005 |access-date=27 July 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808152019/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/feb/04shabd.htm |archive-date= 8 August 2014 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of awards and nominations received by Aishwarya Rai|Awards and nominations received by Aishwarya Rai]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|706787|name=Aishwarya Rai Bachchan}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120121054319/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/index/id/171 Aishwarya Rai Bachchan] on [[Bollywood Hungama]]<br />
<br />
{{Portal bar|Bollywood|Film}}<br />
<br />
{{featured list}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Aishwarya}}<br />
[[Category:Actress filmographies]]<br />
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]<br />
[[Category:Bachchan family]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024_Indian_general_election_in_Haryana&diff=4832012024 Indian general election in Haryana2026-05-02T05:42:55Z<p>KathieMuriel714: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{For|Vidhan Sabha elections|2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election}} {{Infobox election<br />
| country = India<br />
| type = Parliamentary<br />
| ongoing = No<br />
| previous_election = 2019 Indian general election in Haryana<br />
| previous_year = 2019<br />
| next_election = 2029 Indian general election in Haryana<br />
| next_year = 2029<br />
| election_date = 25 May 2024<br />
| seats_for_election = All 10 Haryana seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]<br />
| turnout = 64.77% ({{decrease}}5.57%)<br />
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha#Haryana<br />
| elected_members = List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha#Haryana<br />
| opinion_polls = 2024 Indian general election in Haryana#Opinion polls<br />
| image_size = 120px<br />
<!--BJP-->| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Manohar Lal.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}<br />
| party2 = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
| leader2 = [[Manohar Lal Khattar]]<br />
| alliance2 = National Democratic Alliance<br />
| leaders_seat2 = [[Karnal Lok Sabha constituency|Karnal]]<br />
| leader_since2 = 2014<br />
| last_election2 = 58.02%, 10 seats<br />
| seats2 = 5<br />
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 5<br />
| popular_vote2 = 5,996,486<br />
| percentage2 = 46.11%<br />
| swing2 = {{decrease}}11.91%<br />
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The Union Minister for Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation and Culture, Kum. Selja addressing at the inauguration of the exhibition- REBECCA HORN Passage through Light, in New Delhi on April 07, 2012 (cropped).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=5}}<br />
| party1 = Indian National Congress<br />
| leader1 = [[Selja Kumari]]<br />
| alliance1 = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]<br />
| leaders_seat1 = [[Sirsa Lok Sabha constituency|Sirsa]]<br />
| leader_since1 = 1991<br />
| last_election1 = 28.42%, 0 seat<br />
| seats1 = 5<br />
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 5<br />
| popular_vote1 = '''6,191,243'''<br />
| percentage1 = '''47.61%'''<br />
| swing1 = {{increase}}18.74%<br />
| map_image = 2024 Lok Sabha Haryana Result Map.svg<br />
| map_size = 300px<br />
| map_caption = Seatwise Result Map of the 2024 general election in Haryana<br />
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]<br />
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election<br />
| before_election = [[Narendra Modi]]<br />
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
| after_election = [[Narendra Modi]]<br />
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The [[2024 Indian general election]] was held in Haryana on 25 May 2024 to elect 10 members of the [[18th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/news/haryana-lok-sabha-election-2024-ticket-of-these-2-bjp-mp-can-be-cut/articleshow/101334665.cms|title=Lok Sabha Election 2024: हरियाणा के इन 2 सांसदों का कट सकता है टिकट! लोकसभा चुनाव में BJP खेल सकती है बड़ा दांव|website=Navbharat Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/states/punjab/lok-sabha-elections-2024-are-held-today-who-will-get-how-many-seats-in-haryana-surprising-results-in-a-latest-survey-2444868|title=लोकसभा चुनाव आज हो जाए तो हरियाणा में किसको, कितनी मिलेंगी सीटें, सर्वे में चौंकाने वाले नतीजे|first=धीरेंद्र कुमार|last=मिश्रा|date=July 3, 2023|website=www.abplive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/politics/bjp-very-unlikely-to-field-over-50-haryana-mps-in-2024-lok-sabha-polls-8191723.html|title=BJP 'Very Unlikely' to Field over 50% Haryana MPs in 2024 Lok Sabha Polls|date=June 28, 2023|website=News18}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Election schedule==<br />
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;<br />
! rowspan=2|Poll event<br />
!Phase<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor=#6495ED|VI<br />
|-<br />
!Notification date<br />
|29 April <br />
|-<br />
!Last date for filing nomination<br />
|6 May<br />
|-<br />
!Scrutiny of nomination<br />
|7 May<br />
|-<br />
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination<br />
|9 May<br />
|-<br />
!Date of poll<br />
|'''25 May'''<br />
|-<br />
!Date of counting of votes/Result<br />
|'''4 June 2024'''<br />
|-<br />
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''<br />
|10<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Parties and alliances ==<br />
<br />
=== National Democratic Alliance ===<br />
<!-- Per [[MOS:NOSECTIONLINKS]]: for technical reasons, section headings should, among other things, not contain links, citations, or template transclusions. --><br />
{{legend2|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|[[National Democratic Alliance]]}}<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
!Flag<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Leader<br />
!Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|[[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[Manohar Lal Khattar]]<br />
|10<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance===<br />
<!-- Per [[MOS:NOSECTIONLINKS]]: for technical reasons, section headings should, among other things, not contain links, citations, or template transclusions. --><br />
{{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]}}<br />
[[File:Haryana 2024 INDIA seat share.jpg|350px]]<br />
{|class="wikitable" width="60%" style="text-align:center"<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
!Flag<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Leader<br />
!Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[Udai Bhan]]<br />
|9<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Aam Aadmi Party}}<br />
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]<br />
|[[File:AAP English Flag.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[File:AAP Symbol.png|50px]]<br />
|[[Sushil Gupta]]<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
!<br />
! Colspan=4|Total <br />
!10<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Others===<br />
{|class="wikitable " width="60%" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Recognised parties <br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
!Flag<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Leader<br />
!Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Jannayak Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Jannayak Janata Party]]<br />
|[[File:Blank.svg|50px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
|[[File:Indian election symbol Key.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[Dushyant Chautala]]<br />
|10<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br />
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<br />
|[[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|50px]]<br />
|Rajveer Sorki<br />
|9<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Indian National Lok Dal}}<br />
|[[Indian National Lok Dal]]<br />
| <br />
|[[File:INLD1.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[Om Prakash Chautala]]<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Others ===<br />
{|class="wikitable" width="60%" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Unrecognised parties <br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Other}}<br />
|Peoples Party of India (Democratic)<br />
|<br />
|10<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}<br />
|[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]<br />
|<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=5 {{party color cell|Other}}<br />
|Bharatiya Asha Party<br />
|<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|Bharatheeya Jawan Kisan Party<br />
|<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party<br />
|<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|Aam Aadmi Parivartan Party<br />
|<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ekam Sanatan Bharat Dal]]<br />
|<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=4 {{party color cell|Other}}<br />
|Rashtrawadi Janlok Party (Satya)<br />
|<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|Rashtriya Lokswaraj Party<br />
|<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|Aarakshan Virodhi Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Majdoor Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}<br />
|[[Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)]]<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Bahujan Mukti Party}}<br />
|[[Bahujan Mukti Party]]<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Right to Recall Party}}<br />
|[[Right to Recall Party]]<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Social Democratic Party of India}}<br />
|[[Social Democratic Party of India]]<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=9 {{party color cell|Other}}<br />
|Bharatiya Yuva Jan Ekta Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Buland Bharat Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Haryana Jansena Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Jan Sewak Kranti Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Jan Shakti Dal<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Kisan Mazdoor Sangharsh Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Loktantrik Janshakti Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Rashtra Nirman Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Rashtriya Vikas Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Other}}<br />
|Samrat Mihir Bhoj Samaj Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=9 {{party color cell|Other}}<br />
|Super Power India Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Swayam Shashan Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Adim Bharatiya Dal<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Bahujan Republican Socialist Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Global Republican Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Rashtriya Jatigat Aarakshan Virodhi Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Vikas India Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Samast Samaj Party<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Rashtriya Janshakti Party (Eklavya)<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Candidates ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! colspan="2" | Constituency<br />
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" |[[National Democratic Alliance|<span style="color:white;">NDA</span>]]<br />
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}" |[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|<span style="color:white;">INDIA</span>]]<br />
|-<br />
! No.<br />
! Name<br />
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate<br />
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|[[Ambala Lok Sabha constituency|Ambala]] (SC)<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|Banto Kataria<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Varun Chaudhary]]<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|[[Kurukshetra Lok Sabha constituency|Kurukshetra]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Naveen Jindal]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}<br />
|[[Sushil Gupta]]<br />
|-<br />
!3<br />
|[[Sirsa Lok Sabha constituency|Sirsa]] (SC)<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Ashok Tanwar]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Selja Kumari]]<br />
|-<br />
!4<br />
|[[Hisar Lok Sabha constituency|Hisar]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Ranjit Singh Chautala]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Jai Parkash]]<br />
|-<br />
!5<br />
|[[Karnal Lok Sabha constituency|Karnal]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Manohar Lal Khattar]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Divyanshu Budhiraja<br />
|-<br />
!6<br />
|[[Sonipat Lok Sabha constituency|Sonipat]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Mohan Lal Badoli]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Satpal Brahmachari<br />
|-<br />
!7<br />
|[[Rohtak Lok Sabha constituency|Rohtak]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Arvind Kumar Sharma]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Deepender Singh Hooda]]<br />
|-<br />
!8<br />
|[[Bhiwani–Mahendragarh Lok Sabha constituency|Bhiwani–Mahendragarh]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Dharambir Singh Chaudhary]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Rao Dan Singh]]<br />
|-<br />
!9<br />
|[[Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Gurgaon]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Rao Inderjit Singh]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Raj Babbar]]<br />
|-<br />
!10<br />
|[[Faridabad Lok Sabha constituency|Faridabad]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Krishan Pal Gurjar]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Mahender Pratap Singh]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Surveys and polls==<br />
===Opinion polls===<br />
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Haryana (10)}}<br />
===Exit Polls===<br />
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Haryana}}<br />
<br />
==Results==<br />
===Results by alliance or party===<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
!colspan="4" rowspan="2"|Alliance/ Party<br />
!colspan="3"|Popular vote<br />
!colspan="3"|Seats<br />
|-<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]<br />
!Contested<br />
!Won<br />
!'''+/−'''<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" {{Party color cell|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}<br />
!rowspan="3"style="background:#E5F8FF"|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]<br />
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
|{{formatnum:5702938}}<br />
|43.68<br />
|<br />
|9<br />
|5<br />
|{{increase}} 5<br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|Aam Aadmi Party}}<br />
|[[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]<br />
|{{formatnum:513154}}<br />
|3.93<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|0<br />
|{{no change}}<br />
|-<br />
|colspan="2"style="background:#E5F8FF"|'''Total'''<br />
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|'''{{formatnum:6216092}}'''<br />
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|47.61<br />
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|<br />
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|10<br />
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|5<br />
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|{{increase}}5<br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
!style="background:#fef3e8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]<br />
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|{{formatnum:6019165}}<br />
|46.10<br />
|<br />
|10<br />
|5<br />
|{{decrease}} 5<br />
|-<br />
| {{Party color cell|Indian National Lok Dal}}<br />
| colspan="3"|[[Indian National Lok Dal|INLD]]<br />
| {{formatnum:226975}}<br />
| 1.74<br />
| <br />
| 7<br />
| 0<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{Party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br />
| colspan="3"|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]<br />
| {{formatnum:166511}}<br />
| 1.28<br />
| <br />
| 9<br />
| 0<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{Party color cell|Jannayak Janta Party}}<br />
| colspan="3"|[[Jannayak Janta Party|JJP]]<br />
| {{formatnum:113827}}<br />
| 0.87<br />
| <br />
| 10<br />
| 0<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{Party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar}}<br />
| colspan="3"|[[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|NCP-SP]]<br />
| {{formatnum:29151}}<br />
| 0.22<br />
| <br />
| 1<br />
| 0<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{Party color cell|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}<br />
| colspan="3"|[[Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)|ASP(KR)]]<br />
| {{formatnum:8754}}<br />
| 0.07<br />
| <br />
| 1<br />
| 0<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|Other}}<br />
|colspan="3"|[[2024 Indian general election in Haryana#Others|Others]]<br />
|{{formatnum:91114}}<br />
|0.70<br />
|<br />
|71<br />
|0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}<br />
|colspan="3"|[[Independent (politician)|IND]]<br />
|{{formatnum:140441}}<br />
|1.08<br />
|<br />
|104<br />
|0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="Black"|<br />
|colspan="3"|[[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]<br />
|{{formatnum:43542}}<br />
|0.33<br />
|{{no change}}<br />
!colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="4"|Total<br />
!{{formatnum:13055572}}<br />
!100<br />
! - <br />
! 223<br />
! 10<br />
! -<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Results by constituency===<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Constituency<br />
! rowspan="2" |Turnout<br />
! colspan="5" |Winner<br />
! colspan="5" |Runner-up<br />
! colspan="2" |Margin<br />
|-<br />
!Candidate<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Candidate<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|[[Ambala Lok Sabha constituency|Ambala]] (SC)<br />
|67.29 {{Decrease}}<br />
|[[Varun Chaudhary]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|6,63,657<br />
|49.28%<br />
|Banto Kataria<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|6,14,621<br />
|45.64%<br />
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|49,036<br />
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3.64%<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|[[Kurukshetra Lok Sabha constituency|Kurukshetra]]<br />
|67.06 {{Decrease}}<br />
|[[Naveen Jindal]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|5,42,175<br />
|44.96%<br />
|[[Sushil Gupta]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}<br />
|5,13,154<br />
|42.55%<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|29,021<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2.41%<br />
|-<br />
!3<br />
|[[Sirsa Lok Sabha constituency|Sirsa]] (SC)<br />
|69.87 {{Decrease}}<br />
|[[Selja Kumari]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|7,33,823 <br />
|54.17%<br />
|[[Ashok Tanwar]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|4,65,326<br />
|34.35%<br />
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2,68,497<br />
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|19.82%<br />
|-<br />
!4<br />
|[[Hisar Lok Sabha constituency|Hisar]]<br />
|65.30 {{Decrease}}<br />
|[[Jai Parkash]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|5,70,424 <br />
|48.58%<br />
|[[Ranjit Singh Chautala]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|5,07,043<br />
|43.19%<br />
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|63,381<br />
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|5.39%<br />
|-<br />
!5<br />
|[[Karnal Lok Sabha constituency|Karnal]]<br />
|63.83 {{Decrease}}<br />
|[[Manohar Lal Khattar]] <br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|7,39,285<br />
|54.93%<br />
|Divyanshu Budhiraja<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|5,06,708<br />
|37.65%<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2,32,577<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|17.28%<br />
|-<br />
!6<br />
|[[Sonipat Lok Sabha constituency|Sonipat]]<br />
|63.42 {{Decrease}}<br />
|[[Satpal Brahamchari|Satpal Brahmachari]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|5,48,682<br />
|48.82%<br />
|[[Mohan Lal Badoli]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|5,26,866 <br />
|46.88%<br />
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|21,816<br />
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|1.94%<br />
|-<br />
!7<br />
|[[Rohtak Lok Sabha constituency|Rohtak]]<br />
|65.53 {{Decrease}}<br />
|[[Deepender Singh Hooda]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|7,83,578<br />
|62.76%<br />
|[[Arvind Kumar Sharma]] <br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|4,38,280<br />
|35.11%<br />
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3,45,298<br />
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|27.65%<br />
|-<br />
!8<br />
|[[Bhiwani–Mahendragarh Lok Sabha constituency|Bhiwani–Mahendragarh]]<br />
|65.02 {{Decrease}}<br />
|[[Dharambir Singh Chaudhary]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|5,88,664<br />
|49.74%<br />
|[[Rao Dan Singh]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|5,47,154<br />
|46.24%<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|41,510<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3.50%<br />
|-<br />
!9<br />
|[[Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Gurgaon]]<br />
|62.02 {{Decrease}}<br />
|[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] <br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|8,08,336<br />
|50.48%<br />
|[[Raj Babbar]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|7,33,257 <br />
|45.79%<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|75,079<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|4.69%<br />
|-<br />
!10<br />
|[[Faridabad Lok Sabha constituency|Faridabad]]<br />
|60.48 {{Decrease}}<br />
|[[Krishan Pal Gurjar]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|7,88,569<br />
|53.60%<br />
|[[Mahender Pratap Singh]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|6,15,655 <br />
|41.84%<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|1,72,914<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|11.76%<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Assembly segments wise lead of Parties ==<br />
[[File:2024 Haryana Lok Sabha Elections Assembly Wise Map.svg|2024 Haryana Lok Sabha Elections Assembly Wise Leads Map|thumb|190px]]<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party<br />
! colspan="2" |Assembly segments<br />
! rowspan="2" |Position in Assembly (as of 2024 election)<br />
|-<br />
!Alliance<br />
!Party<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
![[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |46<br />
|42<br />
|37<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}"|<br />
![[Aam Aadmi Party]]<br />
|4<br />
|{{dash}}<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="{{party color|BJP}}" |<br />
![[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|44<br />
|44<br />
|48<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}" |<br />
![[Indian National Lok Dal]]<br />
|{{dash}}<br />
|{{dash}}<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
!Other<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|3<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |Total<br />
! colspan="4" |90<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[2024 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
*[[2024 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
*[[2024 Indian general election in Chandigarh]]<br />
*[[2024 Indian general election in Punjab]]<br />
*[[2024 Indian general election in Jharkhand]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian general election, 2024}}<br />
{{Haryana elections}}<br />
[[Category:2024 Indian general election by state or union territory|Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Indian general elections in Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:2020s in Haryana]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prahladpuri_Temple&diff=526274Prahladpuri Temple2026-05-01T11:24:46Z<p>KathieMuriel714: Added First Place Nd Citations</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Destroyed Hindu temple in Multan, Pakistan}}<br />
{{Infobox Hindu temple<br />
|name = Prahladpuri Temple<br />پرَہْلادْپُورِی مندر<br />
|image = Ruins of Prahladpuri Temple.jpg<br />
|alt = Ruins of Prahladpuri Temple<br />
|caption = Ruins of Prahladpuri Temple<br />
|coordinates = {{coord|30|12|01.3|N|71|28|36.6|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<br />
|map_caption = <br />
|map_type = Pakistan Punjab#Pakistan#Asia<br />
|map_size = 250<br />
<br />
<!-- Geography --><br />
|location = [[Multan]]<br />
|country =[[Pakistan]]<br />
|district = [[Multan District|Multan]]<br />
<br />
<!-- Culture --><br />
|deity = [[Prahlada]]<br />
|festivals = [[Holi]]<br />
<br />
<!-- History and governance --><br />
|governing_body = [[Pakistan Hindu Council]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Prahladpuri Temple''' ({{langx|ur|{{nq|پرَہْلادْپُورِی مندر}}}}) is a [[Hindu temple]] located in [[Multan]] city of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province in [[Pakistan]], adjacent to the [[Shrine of Bahauddin Zakariya]]. Named after [[Prahlada]], it is dedicated to the Hindu deity [[Narasimha]]. Like many Hindu temples in Pakistan, the temple was razed to ruin by a Muslim mob in response to Hindus demolishing the [[Babri Masjid]] in [[Ayodhya]], India. The site is currently owned by [[Evacuee Trust Property Board]].<br />
<br />
== Location ==<br />
The temple is located on top of a raised platform (''[[mandapa]]'') at the southern tip of the [[Multan Fort|Fort of Multan]], adjacent to the mausoleum of Baha’ul Haq Zakariya.<ref name="a">{{cite web |title=Home |url=http://multan.uniconconsulting.com/monument/index/TEMPLE_OF_PRAHLADPURI.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107231623/http://multan.uniconconsulting.com/monument/index/TEMPLE_OF_PRAHLADPURI.html |archive-date=2015-01-07 |access-date=2015-01-07}} Survey & Studies for Conservation of Historical Monuments of Multan. Department of Archeology & Museums, Ministry of Culture, Government of Pakistan</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
=== Hindu History ===<br />
According to History, [[Prahlada]] — son of [[Hiranyakashipu]], the [[Asura|Asur]]-king of Multan{{Efn|Multan, originally Kashyappur, is believed to have been founded by the Hindu sage [[Kashyapa]].}} — built the temple in honor of [[Narasimha]], an incarnation of [[Vishnu]], who had appeared out of a pillar in the royal court to disembowel the oppressive King and reward his devoutness.<ref name="a" /><ref name="x">{{cite book |last=Maclagan |first=Edward |url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/punjab-district-gazetteers-multan-district-1923-24 |title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Multan District 1923-24 |publisher=The Superintendent Government, Lahore |year=1926 |volume=VII |pages=276–77}}</ref> The temple was constructed around the pillar and thus, the festival of [[Holika Dahan]] commenced.<ref name="z">{{Cite web |title=The Friday Times:Holi's home by heritage |url=http://www.thefridaytimes.com/15042011/page16.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211101834/http://www.thefridaytimes.com/15042011/page16.shtml |archive-date=2013-12-11 |access-date=2012-04-10}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Pre-modern India ===<br />
The temple stands on the ruins of pre-Islamic Hindu temple.<ref name="a" /> There appear to have been older temples on the site which were subject to cycles of razing and re-construction during the medieval era; however, the precise details are hazy in light of conflicting legends.<ref name="a" /><br />
<br />
Oral legends assert that a temple — with columns and roof made of gold — used to exist at the site c. 15th century before being dismantled by [[Sher Shah Suri]] to construct a mosque; the current temple was constructed when this mosque fell.<ref name="a" />{{efn|Publications of the local archaeological department argue that since [[Jean de Thévenot]] mentions a temple "on this very site" during his visit in 1665, Suri's mosque must have been put to disuse within about a century of its construction, which is highly unlikely given its royal antecedents.<ref name="a" /> Thus, the authenticity of the narrative is doubtful.<ref name="a" /> However, Thévenot did not provide any such detail on the location; further, his description of the idol ran similar to that of the Multan Sun Temple by medieval Muslim travelogues.}} Another account published in [[Calcutta Review]] (1891) reproduces the same narrative except that the pre-existing temple had sunk of "unknown causes."<ref>{{Cite news|date=April 1891|title=The Early History of Multam|volume=CLXXXIV|page=241|work=Calcutta Review}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Colonial India ===<br />
In 1810, the temple's height was raised (or, was the temple rebuilt - ?), which led to tensions with the Muslim community.<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Punjab (India)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EAVDAAAAYAAJ&q=prahladpuri+temple+riot+-1992+-babri|title=Extracts from the District & States Gazetteers of the Punjab, Pakistan: Punjab (Pakistan)|date=1976|publisher=Research Society of Pakistan, University of the Punjab|language=en}}</ref> In 1831, [[Alexander Burnes]] noted the temple as a low-height structure, supported by wooden pillars and having [[Hanuman]] and [[Ganesha]] as the portal guardians; he was denied entrance to what was "the only place of Hindu worship in Multan".<ref name="a" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Burnes|first=Alexander|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SsimAVpKZnYC|title=Travels into Bokhara|date=1834|publisher=John Murray, Albemarle Street|volume=3|location=London|pages=115–116|language=en|chapter=Chapter V}}</ref> An annual festival was held on the temple's premises on the anniversary of Narasimha's appearance.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Cunnngham|first=Alexander|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.15868|title=ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA VOL.5|date=1875|publisher=The Superintendent of Government, Calcutta|pages=126, 129}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[Siege of Multan (1848-1849)|Siege of Multan]] in 1848, a shell fired by forces of the [[East India Company]] fell on a gunpowder store within the fort and blew away the temple's roof.<ref name=":4" /><ref>[http://multan.reemakhan.info/ Monuments of Multan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201125647/http://multan.reemakhan.info/|date=2016-02-01}} Survey & Studies for Conservation of Historical Monuments of Multan. Department of Archaeology & Museums, Ministry of Culture, Government of Pakistan</ref> Post-siege, the [[East India Company]] retained total control of the fort and all adjacent areas — including the temple and the mausoleum — for a couple of years before returning the shrines to native communities in July 1852.<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 September 1881 |title=Mussalmans and Hindoos at Multan |pages=3 |work=The Pioneer |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/readex/doc?p=WHNPASIA1&docref=image/v2%3A1324D80D8E2BE8E3%40WHNPASIA1-132A7119FA1F6500%402408351-132A6F5C4890A080%402-132A6F5C4890A080%40 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A month later, the Company prohibited approaching the temple via precincts of the mausoleum in lieu of allowing a request from local Hindus to refurbish the temple.<ref name="a" /> In 1854, [[Alexander Cunningham]] found the temple to be a roofless "square brick building with some very finely carved wooden pillars", and the only Hindu shrine in Multan alongside [[List of Hindu temples in Multan#Suraj Kund|Suraj Kund]].<ref name="a" /><ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
In 1859, local Hindus and Muslims agreed to not incorporate conspicuous additions to the temple or the mausoleum.<ref name="a" /> In 1861, the Chief [[Mahant]] of the temple, Baba Ram Das, had raised about Rs.11,000 by way of public donation to refurbish the temple.<ref name="a" /> In the early 1870s, his successor, Baba Narayan Das, proposed to increase the height of the temple spire to 45&nbsp;ft — more than that of the mausoleum — but was opposed by local Muslims as a breach of the 1859 agreement, fomenting an acrimonious dispute.<ref name="a" />{{efn|For a rather graphic description, consult {{Cite book|last=Boyle|first=Frederick|url=https://archive.org/details/onborderland00boylgoog|title=On the Borderland|publisher=Chapman and Hall Limited|year=1884|location=London|pages=377–397|chapter=A Bit of an Old Story|author-link=Frederick Boyle}}}} Eventually, the local administration decided the issue in favor of the Muslims; an agreement enacted on 14 April 1876 restricted the height to 33&nbsp;ft.<ref name="a" /> However, the Hindus were not content and sought to overturn it.<ref name="a" /><br />
<br />
==== Multan Riots ====<br />
In August 1880, the Mahant obtained consent from local civil and military authorities to install the 45&nbsp;ft. spire.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|last=Hindu Correspondent|date=7 October 1881|title=The Mooltan Riot and its Causes|page=2|work=Times of India}}</ref> Construction continued for about three months before the Mahdoom of the mausoleum petitioned Cordery, the Commissioner of Multan, for a cease order.<ref name=":6" /> Upon investigation, Cordery reported to [[Robert Eyles Egerton|Lt. Governor Egerton]], who decided to not only reinstate the 1876 agreement but also ask Hindus to cede possession of the compound well and an adjacent plot.<ref name=":6" /> The Hindus appealed before [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|Viceroy Ripon]], and c. August 1881, a committee composed of six people each from the Hindu and Muslim community was set up to arrive at a compromise — their proposed solution was to allow the spire but as a compensation, grant the sole possession of the well and ownership of the plot to the Muslims.<ref name=":6" /> <br />
<br />
Before the solution could be approved by the government and implemented,{{Efn|[[The Amrita Bazar Patrika]] of 11 August 1881 (p. 1) reports the Government to have informed the Hindus of Multan about their intentions to "shortly issue an order" on the dispute.}} the town got enmeshed in the communal tensions fomenting across Punjab against the backdrop of [[Arya Samaj]]'s cow-protectionist movements.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chatterjee|first=Arup K.|date=2016-08-10|title=Today's Cow Vigilantism Grew Under {{as written|Inadve|rtant [sic]}} Aegis of the Raj|url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/blogs/cow-vigilantism-when-british-buckled-under-pressure-from-hindus-akhlaq-dadri-lynching-dalit-attack-in-gujarat|access-date=2021-10-11|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> The question of transport and sale of beef in Multan town became an affair of competitive communalism.<ref name=":6" /> On 20 September 1881, a riot erupted and spanned over two days, resulting in 50,000 rupees worth of damage but no casualties.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Roseberry |first=J. Royal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iAMNAAAAIAAJ |title=Imperial Rule in Punjab: The Conquest and Administration of Multan, 1818-1881 |date=1987 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-85054-28-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Hindu rioters had burned a mosque in the city's bazaar, attacked the Walli Muhammadi Mosque, and incinerated a Quran; in retaliation, a Muslim mob [[arson|arsoned]] the Prahladpuri temple.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PSpuAAAAMAAJ&q=prahladpuri+temple+1881+-1992+-babri |title=Proceedings - Punjab History Conference |date=2000 |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University |isbn=9788173807220 |language=en}}</ref>{{efn|The entire contingent of British troops from [[Multan Cantt|Multan Cantonment]] had to be dispatched to control the riot.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Ross|first=David|url=https://archive.org/details/landfiveriversa01rossgoog|title=The Land of the Five Rivers and Sindh: Sketches Historical and Descriptive|date=1883|publisher=Chapman and Hall, limited|page=[https://archive.org/details/landfiveriversa01rossgoog/page/n111 100]|language=en|quote=prahladpuri temple riot -1992 -babri.}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
However, the temple was quickly renovated by the Hindu community.<ref>{{Cite court|court=Lahore High Court|reporter=AIR 131|date=1923}}</ref> A month later, on 14 October, the government issued its decision — the local authorities lacked jurisdiction to decide on the issue of additions to the temple structure, and hence, the Hindus were to either dismantle the spire or follow the compromise arrived at by the committee.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 1881 |title=The Mooltan Riots |work=The Civil and Military Gazette}}</ref> On 29 October, the Hindus decided in favor of the latter.<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 October 1881|page=5|work=Times of India}}</ref> A well for the Hindus was constructed in an adjacent plot and a wall erected between the mausoleum and the temple.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 June 1882 |title=Occasional Notes |pages=2 |work=[[The Madras Mail]] |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/readex/doc?p=WHNPASIA1&docref=image/v2%3A12F364C5987759F8%40WHNPASIA1-12F667BEB3E1B148%402408617-12F60F5AA0DF8318%401-12F60F5AA0DF8318%40 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
==== Beyond riots ====<br />
In the early morning of 7 November 1912, miscreants removed an image of Lakshmi from the temple and threw it in a nearby well after stealing the crown; the Hindu devotees blamed local Muslims.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Own Correspondent|date=9 November 1912|title=Sacrilegious Budmashes|page=8|work=Times of India}}</ref> On 23 January 1913, a ''Panchayat'' (trans. assemblage) of Hindus removed the incumbent Mahant leading to protracted litigation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 December 1916 |title=Prahladpuri Temple Suits: New Administration Ordered |pages=4 |work=The Tribune |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/readex/doc?p=WHNPASIA1&docref=image/v2%3A13063D8408C307DB%40WHNPASIA1-1333FB9C4F4DF418%402421213-1333B5059A12F128%403-1333B5059A12F128%40 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{efn|This serves as an interesting example of the powers exerted by the community: the Mahant was dismissed on grounds of [[Charas|addiction to charas]], refusal to shelter migrant [[fakir]]s, inappropriate conduct with women, and inability to maintain a record of temple donations. Ajudhia Das challenged the dismissal before the Magistrate of First Class, arguing the position of Mahant to be hereditary and beyond the powers of Panchayat but failed to get any favorable judgement.{{pb}}An appeal was filed at the Lahore High Court in 1917 and the judgement was pronounced on 1 August 1922. Das' dismissal was sustained on rather-technical grounds —he had set up adverse claims to the property in the meanwhile, thus running afoul of [[Chintaman v. Dhondo]]— but the Panchayat actions were opined to be unjustifiable irrespective of its legal validity.}}<br />
<br />
=== Independent Pakistan===<br />
After the creation of [[Pakistan]], as overwhelmingly majority of Hindus migrated to [[Dominion of India|India]], the few remaining Hindus of the city continued to manage the temple affairs.<ref name="z" /> Eventually, the image of Narasimha was taken away to a temple in Haridwar in the 70s, and the [[Evacuee Trust Property Board]] (ETPB) took over the site, in whose hands it fell into a state of neglect; a [[madrasa]] got established inside the temple premises sometime in the 80s.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khalid|first=Haroon|title=Both colour and memories of Holi have faded from Pakistan's Multan, where the festival was born|url=https://scroll.in/article/831944/both-colour-and-memories-of-holi-have-faded-from-multan-where-the-festival-was-born|access-date=2021-02-22|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Khalid|first=Haroon|title=These temples in Pakistan are now madrasas|url=http://scroll.in/article/754708/these-temples-in-pakistan-are-now-madrasas|access-date=2021-02-22|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref> Despite this, the temple continued to be a prominent landmark in Multan and even had a [[Dharamshalas|dharamshala]].<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=January 1993 |title= |volume=24 |work=The Herald |issue=1}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Destruction and aftermath ====<br />
In 1992, a Muslim mob destroyed the temple and the dharamshala in retaliation for Hindus razing the [[Babri Masjid]] in [[Ayodhya]], [[India]]; they also targeted local Hindus.<ref name="z" /><ref name="a" /> The temple continues to be in ruins.<ref name="a" /> By 2006, squatters had encroached on the lower levels of the ruined structure, and garbage was regularly dumped at the site.<ref name="a" /><br />
<br />
=== Proposed Reconstructions ===<br />
In 2009, the Central Government allocated funds to document and preserve the site; the survey determined a risk of an imminent collapse of the temple ruins, but preservation plans were shelved.<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-06-03 |title=52 Multan monuments to be preserved on Moroccan pattern |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/953464/52-multan-monuments-to-be-preserved-on-moroccan-pattern |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> In May 2015, ETPB announced new plans to restore the temple and, in August, granted a fund of 5 million PKR to the Punjab Archeology Department.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ETPB to rebuild historical temple in Multan|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/40031-etpb-to-rebuild-historical-temple-in-multan|access-date=2021-10-11|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=7 August 2015|title=Grant approved for restoration of Prahladpuri temple|volume=XXXVIII|work=The Balochistan Times|publisher=AsiaNet Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd.|issue=216|location=Quetta}}</ref> However, the local administration refused to issue a [[No Objection Certificate]], apparently fearing local Muslim fanatics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=The Newspaper's Staff |date=2021-02-13 |title=Hindu council to host festivities at Parlhad Mandir next month |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1607085 |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=dawn.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2021, the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]] established a one-person commission{{Efn|Dr. Shoaib Suddle was the only member. However, he was supported by three others.}} to interrogate the status of minority religious shrines. It criticized ETPB's handling of Hindu shrines and submitted for the immediate restoration of the temple along with the construction of lodging facilities for potential tourists;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=The Newspaper's Staff |date=2021-01-05 |title=Commission suggests opening of four temples for tourism |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1599766 |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=dawn.com |language=en}}</ref> the State of Punjab and ETPB were ordered to ensure optimum preparedness of the shrine for the Holi festival.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Mohan |first=Geeta |date=February 8, 2021 |title=Pakistan: Most Hindu worshipping places in country neglected, says SC-appointed commission |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/hindu-places-worship-in-pakistan-neglected-say-supreme-court-appointed-panel-1767122-2021-02-08 |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pakistan SC Orders Immediate Reconstruction of Vandalised Hindu Temple|url=https://thewire.in/south-asia/pakistan-sc-orders-immediate-reconstruction-of-vandalised-hindu-temple|access-date=2021-02-22|website=The Wire}}</ref> Soon, the local "peace committee" — with representatives from the government, civil society, and [[Ulama|Ulemas]] — announced plans to restore the temple to ensure religious harmony.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Qureshi|first=Raiq|date=2021-02-15|title=Multan peace committee takes multiple initiatives for restoration of Holi-origin Prahladpuri temple|url=https://www.app.com.pk/national/multan-peace-committee-takes-multiple-initiatives-for-restoration-of-holi-origin-prahladpuri-temple/|access-date=2021-02-22|website=Associated Press Of Pakistan|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Architecture ==<br />
[[File:Plan Of Prahladpuri Temple.jpg|thumb|Temple plan]]<br />
Prior to being demolished, the temple featured a main hall, and circumlocutory passages adorned with skylights.<ref name="a" /> The hall continued to feature a replica of the idol under a [[baldachin]].<ref name="a" /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}<br />
* [[Multan Sun Temple]]<br />
* [[Hinduism in Pakistan]]<br />
* [[Evacuee Trust Property Board]]<br />
* [[Mankiala stupa]]<br />
* [[Hinglaj Mata]]<br />
* [[Kalat Kali Temple]]<br />
* [[Katasraj temple]] <br />
* [[Sadh Belo]]<br />
* [[Shiv Mandir, Umerkot]]<br />
* [[Shri Varun Dev Mandir]]<br />
* [[Tilla Jogian]]<br />
{{col div end}}<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|3}}<br />
<br />
{{Hindu temples in Pakistan}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Punjab, Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Multan]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 1992]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples sacked in the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-Hindu violence in Pakistan]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapata_Nataka_Paatradhaari&diff=508393Kapata Nataka Paatradhaari2026-04-26T18:59:28Z<p>KathieMuriel714: Adding</p>
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<div>{{short description|Indian Kannada-language suspense horror drama film}}<br />
{{No plot|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Kapata Nataka Paatradhaari<br />
| image = Kapata Nataka Paatradhaari.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Official poster<br />
| native_name = <!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --><br />
| director = Krish<br />
| writer = <br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| based_on = <!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --><br />
| producer = <br />
| starring = Balu Nagendra<br />[[Sangeetha Bhat]]<br />
| narrator = <br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editing = <br />
| music = Adil Nadaf<br />
| studio = <!-- or: | production_companies = --><br />
| distributor = <!-- or: | distributors = --><br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2019|11|8}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Kapata Nataka Paatradhaari''''' is a 2019 Indian Kannada-language suspense horror drama film directed by newcomer Krish and starring Balu Nagendra and [[Sangeetha Bhat]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sangeetha-bhat-takes-part-in-trailer-launch-from-europe/articleshow/71256061.cms|title=Sangeetha Bhat takes part in trailer launch from Europe|website=The Times of India|date=23 September 2019 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
*Balu Nagendra as Krishna<br />
*[[Sangeetha Bhat]] as Rukmini<br />
*Kari Subbu<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music for the film was composed by Adil Nadaf.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LADnQsBNdlM | title=Kapata Nataka Paatradhaari - Full Movie Audio Jukebox &#124; Sangeetha Bhat & Balu Nagendra &#124; Adil Nadaf | website=[[YouTube]] | date=29 October 2019 }}</ref><br />
{{Track listing<br />
| total_length = 21:39<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Yaake Anta Gottilla Kanree<br />
| extra1 = [[Haricharan (singer)|Haricharan]]<br />
| lyrics1 = Venu Hasrali<br />
| length1 =<br />
| title2 = Neenene Neenene<br />
| extra2 = Siddhartha Belmannu, Madhuri Sheshadhri<br />
| lyrics2 = Krish<br />
| length2 =<br />
| title3 = Hasida Shikanu<br />
| extra3 = Eesha Suchi<br />
| lyrics3 = Chanukya<br />
| length3 = <br />
| title4 = Manadaalada Maatu Kelu Nee<br />
| extra4 = [[Aniruddha Sastry]]<br />
| lyrics4 = [[Aniruddha Sastry]]<br />
| length4 =<br />
| title5 = Bit Hode Nee Doora<br />
| extra5 = Aniruddha Sastry<br />
| lyrics5 = Krish<br />
| length5 = <br />
| title6 = Yaake Anta Gottaytu Kanri <br />
| extra6 = Pavan Partha<br />
| lyrics6 = Krish<br />
| length6 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Sunayana Suresh of ''The Times of India'' opined that "Balu Nagendra and Sangeetha Bhat star in this film that is an interesting concoction of drama, comedy, horror as well as a bit of the supernatural".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kapata-nataka-paatradhaari/movie-review/71965517.cms|title=Kapata Nataka Paatradhaari Movie Review: A tale that offers something different|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Shashiprasad S. M. of ''Deccan Chronicle'' said that "Anyone seeking for a real good horror/suspense thriller, do watch this haunted auto rickshaw by Krish, for an assured spooky and entertaining ride".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/081119/kapata-nataka-paatradhari-movie-review-when-reel-script-rules.html|title=Kapata Nataka Paatradhari movie review: When reel script rules|first=Shashiprasad|last=S.M.|date=8 November 2019|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> A. Sharadhaa of ''The New Indian Express'' wrote that "A haunted auto-rickshaw sounds strange as the focal point of a movie, but this is how director Krish draws the audience to his unconventional flick".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/nov/09/a-breezy-spooky-auto-ride-2059236.html|title='Kapata Nataka Paatradhaari' movie review: A breezy, spooky auto ride|website=The New Indian Express|date=9 November 2019 }}</ref> Shyam Prasad S. of ''Bangalore Mirror'' stated that "With a bare minimum of characters, the plot manages to the audience hooked".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kapata-nataka-patradari-movie-review-unusual-tale/articleshow/71961262.cms|title=Kapata Nataka Patradari movie review: Unusual tale|website=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:2019 Kannada-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Govindan_Lakshmanan&diff=501128Govindan Lakshmanan2026-04-24T12:02:31Z<p>KathieMuriel714: Starting entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian long-distance runner}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox sportsperson<br />
| image = 5000M Gold Medalist Laxshman, India.jpg<br />
| image_size = <!-- Use only when absolutely necessary --><br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| full_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|06|05|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| occupation = <br />
| years_active = <br />
| height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) --><br />
| weight = <!-- "X kg", "X lb" or "X st Y lb" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) --><br />
| spouse = <br />
| website = <!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} --><br />
| country = India<br />
| sport = [[Track and field]]<br />
| event = [[5000 metres]]<br />[[10,000 metres]]<br />
| club = <br />
| turnedpro = <br />
| coach = <br />
| worlds = <br />
| regionals = <br />
| nationals = <br />
| olympics = <br />
| commonwealth = <br />
| pb = 13:35.69 ([[London]] 2017)<br />
| medaltemplates = <br />
{{Medal|Sport|Men's [[Athletics (sport)|athletics]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}<br />
{{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Gold|[[2017 Asian Athletics Championships|2017 Bhubaneswar]]|[[2017 Asian Athletics Championships – Men's 10,000 metres|10,000 m]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Gold|[[2017 Asian Athletics Championships|2017 Bhubaneswar]]|[[2017 Asian Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres|5000 m]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Silver|[[2015 Asian Athletics Championships|2015 Wuhan]]|[[2015 Asian Athletics Championships – Men's 10,000 metres|10,000 m]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2015 Asian Athletics Championships|2015 Wuhan]]|[[2015 Asian Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres|5000 m]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Competition | [[Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games]] }}<br />
{{Medal|Gold | [[2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games|2017 Ashgabat]] | 3000 m }}<br />
| show-medals = yes<br />
| updated = 30 December 2017<br />
| <!-- Personal information --><br />
| <!-- Sport --><br />
| <!-- Achievements and titles --><br />
}}<br />
{{Indian name|Lakshmanan|Govindan}}<br />
<br />
'''Govindan Lakshmanan''' (born 5 June 1990 in [[Sokkurani]], [[Pudukottai district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.asiangames2018.id/athletes/athlete/GOVINDAN-Lakshmanan-3000846/ |title=Athletes - Lakshmanan Govindan |access-date=30 August 2018 |archive-date=30 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830110114/https://en.asiangames2018.id/athletes/athlete/GOVINDAN-Lakshmanan-3000846/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>) is an Indian [[Long-distance running|distance runner]]. On the track, he mostly competes over [[5000 metres]] and [[10,000 metres]],<ref name="toi1">{{cite news|title=Asian Athletic Championships: 5,000 m gold medallist G Lakshmanan once practised barefoot|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/athletics/asian-athletic-championships-5000-m-gold-medallist-g-lakshmanan-once-practised-barefoot/articleshow/59491279.cms|accessdate=7 July 2017|work=The Times of India|date=7 July 2017}}</ref> but has also run the [[half marathon]] competitively.<ref>{{cite news|title=G Lakshmanan, Monika Athare Best Indians At Delhi Half Marathon|url=http://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/g-lakshmanan-monika-athare-best-indians-at-delhi-half-marathon-1627755|accessdate=7 July 2017|work=NDTV|date=20 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Army runners Neeraj Pal, G Lakshmanan, Kavita Raut of ONGC set new marathon course marks|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-army-runners-neeraj-pal-g-lakshmanan-kavita-raut-of-ongc-set-new-marathon-course-marks-2045947|accessdate=7 July 2017|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=21 December 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Lakshmanan lost his father to a [[Traffic collisions in India|car accident]] when he was six, and was [[Adoption|adopted]] by his neighbour S. Loganathan. His mother Jayalakshmi is a small farmer. Under Loganathan's tutelage, Lakshmanan began training in long-distance running when he was 16,<ref name="toi1"/> along with the former's daughter Suriya, in Youth Sports Club in the village of Kavinadu near the town of [[Pudukkottai]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Selvaraj|first1=Jonathan|title=Siblings Lakshmanan and Suriya united by love for running|url=http://www.espn.in/athletics/story/_/id/19513256/siblings-lakshmanan-suriya-united-love-running|accessdate=7 July 2017|work=ESPN|date=2 June 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
He represented India at the [[2015 IAAF World Cross Country Championships]], placing 74th overall. Competing over 5000 metres at the [[2015 Asian Athletics Championships|2015 Wuhan Asian Championships]], Lakshmanan [[2015 Asian Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres|won the bronze medal]] with a time of 13:36.62.<ref>{{cite news|title=Poovamma, Joseph win silver medals in Asian Athletics Championships|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/asian-athletics-championships-poovamma-joseph-win-silver-medals/article7282726.ece|accessdate=7 July 2017|work=The Hindu|date=4 June 2015}}</ref> He won the [[2015 Asian Athletics Championships – Men's 10,000 metres|10,000 metres silver medal]] with a time of 29:42.81.<ref>{{cite news|title=Vikas Gowda, Lalita Babbar win gold at Asian Athletics Championships in China|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-vikas-gowda-lalita-babbar-win-gold-at-asian-athletics-championships-in-china-2093152|accessdate=7 July 2017|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=7 June 2015}}</ref> At the [[2017 Asian Athletics Championships|next Championships]], he won the [[2017 Asian Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres|5000 metres gold medal]] with a time of 14:54.48, becoming only the third Indian to win gold in the event at the Championships, and the first since 1993. The time was however the slowest in the Championships' history for a winner. The victory earned him a qualification for the [[2017 World Championships in Athletics|London World Championships]] that year.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hadadi wins fifth Asian discus title in Bhubaneswar|url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/hadadi-wins-fifth-asian-discus-title-bhubanes|accessdate=7 July 2017|work=[[International Association of Athletics Federations]]|date=7 July 2017}}</ref> In London, he ran his personal best of 13:35.69.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}<br />
<br />
At the [[2018 Asian Games]] in [[Jakarta]], Indonesia; he won bronze medal but was later stripped as he was disqualified for lane infringement.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asian Games 2018: Why Govindan Lakshmanan was denied a bronze medal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/asian-games/asian-games-2018-why-govindan-lakshmanan-was-denied-a-bronze-medal/ |accessdate=27 August 2018 |date=26 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{sports links}}<br />
<br />
{{Footer Asian Champions men's 5000 metres}}<br />
{{Footer Asian Champions men's 10,000 metres}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lakshmanan, Govindan}}<br />
[[Category:1990 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Pudukkottai district]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Indian men long-distance runners]]<br />
[[Category:Indian men cross country runners]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games athletes for India]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for India]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships winners]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships medalists]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil sportspeople]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sula_Vineyards&diff=538101Sula Vineyards2026-04-23T18:29:41Z<p>KathieMuriel714: adding the data more to come...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Winery and vineyard in Nashik, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Coord|20|00|24.8|N|73|41|18.5|E|display=title}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox winery<br />
| name = Sula Vineyards<br />
| image = Sula Vineyards Updated View.jpg<br />
| logo = <br />
| location_place = [[Nashik]]<br />
| location_state = [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| location_country = India<br />
| year_founded = {{Start date and age|1999||}}<br />
| first_vintage = 1999<br />
| key_people = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Rajeev Samant]]<br>{{small|([[Organizational founder|Founder]] & [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])}}|Kerry Damskey}} <br />
| varietal1 = [[Chenin blanc]]<br />
| varietal2 = [[Riesling]]<br />
| varietal3 = [[Sauvignon blanc]]<br />
| varietal4 = [[Viognier]]<br />
| varietal5 = Grenache<br />
| varietal9 = [[Zinfandel]]<br />
| other_product1= [[Grape seed oil]], grape [[brandy]]<br />
| website = {{URL|https://sulavineyards.com/}}<br />
| winery_logo=Sula-Logo.jpg<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = Sula Vineyards Ltd<br />
| type = [[Public company|Public]]<br />
| traded_as = {{NSE|SULA}}<br>{{BSE|543711}}<br />
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRConvert|608|c|lk=on}} (FY24)<ref name="fy23"/><br />
| net_income = {{up}} {{INRConvert|93|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy23">{{cite news |title=Sula Vineyards Q4 results: Net profit declines 4.85% to Rs 13.55 crore |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/results/sula-vineyards-q4-results-net-profit-declines-4-85-to-rs-13-55-crore-124050801199_1.html |access-date=8 February 2025 |work=Business Standard |date=8 May 2024}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sula Vineyards''' is a [[winery]] and [[vineyard]] located in the [[Nashik]] region of western India, approximately {{convert|180|km}} northeast of [[Mumbai]]. It was founded by [[Rajeev Samant]] in 1999.<ref name="Bureau">{{Cite web|title=Sula Vineyards seeks to blend rapid growth with sustainability|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sula-seeks-to-blend-rapid-growth-with-sustainability/article25655201.ece|access-date=2021-02-02|website=@businessline|date=3 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Sula has grown to be India's largest and most awarded wine brand. Sula introduced grape varietals such as [[Chenin blanc]], [[Sauvignon blanc]], [[Riesling]] and [[Zinfandel]] in India and is the leading player in the Indian wine industry.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0PHcCQAAQBAJ|title=The Oxford Companion to Wine|last=Harding|first=Julia|date=1 September 2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198705383}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Sula Vineyards was founded by [[Rajeev Samant]] in the late 1990s. An alumnus of [[Stanford University]], he worked at [[Oracle Corporation]] in [[California]] after his graduation. After quitting his corporate job, Samant established Sula upon his return to [[India]].<ref name="livemint">{{Cite web|date=13 October 2007|title=Rajeev Samant {{!}} The pursuit of cool – Livemint|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/CuomQL4CzdY6RqU0S6JH7N/Rajeev-Samant--The-pursuit-of-cool.html|access-date=14 January 2016|website=www.livemint.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sula was named after Samant's mother, Sulabha. Samant steadily grew the company over the next few years by introducing newer grape varieties and expanding the company's offerings.<ref name="livemint" /> Over the last few decades, the Nashik region has transformed and is often referred to as "India’s [[Napa Valley AVA|Napa Valley]]".<ref>{{Cite web|title=India's 'Napa Valley': Sula vineyard pioneers eco-friendly wine in an emerging market|url=http://www.theecologist.org/investigations/food_and_farming/1354735/indias_napa_valley_sula_vineyard_pioneers_ecofriendly_wine_in_an_emerging_market.html|access-date=14 January 2016|website=The Ecologist|date=4 May 2012 }}</ref><br />
[[File:Wine barrels at Sula Vineyards.jpg|thumb|Wine barrels at Sula Vineyards]]<br />
<br />
== Wine brands ==<br />
<br />
=== Rasa ===<br />
<br />
* Rasa [[Cabernet Sauvignon]] &ndash; This red wine is aged in French oak barrels for over a year and then matured in the bottle before release. It contains an ABV of 14%.<br />
* Rasa Zinfandel &ndash; This rough red wine matures for around 3–4 months in American Oak barrels and contains an ABV of 14%.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Blog|first=magicpin|date=2018-08-23|title=10 Of The Best Red Wine In India That Makes Or Break Our Weekends|url=https://medium.com/@magicpin/10-of-the-best-red-wine-in-india-that-makes-or-break-our-weekends-3e87c4f63efe|access-date=2020-09-07|website=Medium|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:RASA Cabernet Sauvignon.jpg|alt=RASA Cabernet Sauvignon|thumb|RASA Cabernet Sauvignon]]<br />
[[File:Dindori Reserve Chardonnay.jpg|alt=Dindori Reserve Chardonnay|thumb|Dindori Reserve Chardonnay]]<br />
<br />
=== Dindori ===<br />
<br />
Sula's Dindori Reserve highlights the winemakers and their endeavours, using their winemaking skills and tools.<br />
<br />
The Dindori collection by Sula includes three variants:<br />
<br />
* Dindori Reserve Viognier &ndash; This dry white wine has a rich fruity profile and an ABV of 12.5%.<br />
* Dindori Reserve Chardonnay &ndash; This medium-bodied dry white wine is partly aged in French Oak barrels and contains an ABV of 13%.<br />
* Dindori Reserve Shiraz &ndash; This full-bodied, dry red wine is barrel-aged in American oak for 10–12 months and contains an ABV of 14%. It is the first ever Indian wine to feature in the Top 100 Wines list by Wine Enthusiast.<br />
<br />
=== The Source ===<br />
<br />
* The Source Grenache Rosé &ndash; This rosé wine contains an ABV of 12.5%.<br />
* The Source Sauvignon Blanc Reserve &ndash; This medium-bodied dry white wine is partly aged in French Oak barrels and contains an ABV of 12.5%.<br />
* The Source Cabernet Sauvignon &ndash; A well-balanced wine with notes of black fruits. It has an ABV of 13.5%.<br />
[[File:Sula Sparkling Shiraz.jpg|alt=Sula Sparkling Shiraz|thumb|Sula Sparkling Shiraz]]<br />
<br />
=== Sula Classics ===<br />
<br />
Sula's wine offering includes over 30 variants:<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chandra|first=Alok|date=2011-11-26|title=India's best wines|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/india-s-best-wines-111112600070_1.html|access-date=2020-09-07}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Sula Brut &ndash; matured for 2–4 months. It contains an ABV of 12%.<br />
* Sula Brut Tropicale &ndash; Sula's first Blanc de Noirs is a blend of 60% Chenin Blanc and 40% includes Shiraz and Riesling. It is bottle-aged for 18 months and contains an ABV of 12%.<br />
* Sula Sparkling Shiraz &ndash; Sula Sparkling Shiraz is India's first and only sparkling shiraz wine. Matured for 4–5 months in oak barrels, this wine contains an ABV of 13.5%.<br />
* Sula Zinfandel Rosé &ndash; India's first ever Zinfandel, this wine contains an ABV of 11.5%.<br />
* Sula Riesling &ndash; This fruity white wine is India's first Riesling and contains an ABV of 11%.<br />
* Sula Sauvignon Blanc &ndash; India's first ever Sauvignon Blanc, this unbaked white wine contains an ABV of 12.5%.<br />
* Sula Chenin Blanc &ndash; This semi-dry white wine is India's first ever Chenin Blanc as well as the country's best-selling white wine. It contains an ABV of 12%.<br />
* Sula Chenin Blanc Reserve &ndash; The limited edition Chenin Blanc Reserve is hand-picked from Sula's Dindori estate vineyards. Partially aged in French oak barrels, it contains an ABV of 12.5%.<br />
* Sula Cabernet Shiraz &ndash; This medium-bodied red wine is India's best-selling red wine. It contains an ABV of 13.5%.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-24|title=The 10 Finest Indian Red Wines You Need On Your Shelf!|url=https://magicpin.in/blog/10-best-red-wines-india-along-prices/|access-date=2020-09-07|website=magicpin Blog}}</ref><br />
* Sula Zinfandel &ndash; This medium-bodied red wine contains an ABV of 13.5%. <br />
* Sula Late Harvest Chenin Blanc &ndash; This [[dessert wine]] by Sula is India's first ever late harvest Chenin Blanc and contains an ABV of 13.5%. <br />
* Sula Seco Rosé &ndash; This medium-dry rosé [[sparkling wine]] contains an ABV of 10.5%.<br />
* Sula Seco &ndash; Sula Seco Rose is a medium dry rosé sparkling wine with an ABV of 10.5%.<br />
* Sula Satori Tempranillo &ndash; "Satori" is a Zen term meaning "sudden enlightenment". This red wine variant is a medium-bodied blend of Tempranillo, Malbec and Merlot. It contains an ABV of 13%. <br />
* Sula Brut Crémant De Nashik &ndash; a sparkling wine with an ABV of 12%.<br />
[[File:Dia Sparkling Red & White Wine Sparkler.jpg|alt=Dia Sparkling Red & White Wine Sparkler|thumb|Dia Sparkling Red & White Wine Sparkler]]<br />
<br />
=== Dia ===<br />
India's first wine in a can, Dia, was launched in 2019 as a line of wine sparklers. The wine is currently available in Goa and Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sula Vineyards Launches India's First Wine in a Can 'Dia Sparkler'|url=http://bwhotelier.businessworld.in/article/Sula-Vineyards-Launches-India-s-First-Wine-in-a-Can-Dia-Sparkler-/24-02-2020-184832|access-date=2020-09-07|website=BW Hotelier|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Kadu ===<br />
The first Indian wine for a cause: Sula has partnered with Sanctuary Nature Foundation, a non-profit organisation designed to empower and support grassroots conservationists across India.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Vishal|first=Anoothi|date=2017-12-15|title=Shiraz with a cause: on Sula Vineyards' Kādu wine|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/launch-of-kadu-wines/article21674866.ece|access-date=2020-09-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sula brings India's first wine for a cause to Maharashtra|url=https://www.businesstraveller.com/business-travel/2019/12/12/sula-brings-indias-first-wine-for-a-cause-to-maharashtra/|access-date=2020-09-07|website=Business Traveller|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FNB News - Kadu, India's first wildlife wine brand, brought to Maharashtra by Sula {{!}} FNB News|url=http://www.fnbnews.com/Top-News/kdu-indias-first-wildlife-wine-brand-brought-to-maharashtra-by-sula-52279|access-date=2020-09-07|website=www.fnbnews.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Kadu collection by Sula includes four variants:<br />
<br />
* Kadu Chenin Blanc &ndash; This refreshing white wine contains an ABV of 12%.<br />
* Kadu Cabernet Shiraz &ndash; This medium-bodied red wine contains an ABV of 13%.<br />
* Kadu Shiraz Rosé &ndash; This fruity wine contains an ABV of 12%<br />
* Kadu Sauvignon Blanc &ndash; This aromatic white wine contains an ABV of 12%<br />
<br />
[[File:The Tasting Cellar.jpg|thumb|Sula's Tasting Cellar at Nashik]]<br />
[[File:Sula barrels.jpg|thumb|Sula's tasting cellar and bottle display at Nashik]]<br />
<br />
=== Sula Selections ===<br />
Sula also imports and distributes leading international wines and spirits such as Le Grand Noir, Torres, Trapiche, Hardy's, Bouchard Aîné et Fils, Cap Royal, Cono Sur, Gruppo Italiano Vini, Beluga Vodka, Asahi and many more.<br />
<br />
Sula exports many of its wines to over 30 countries and includes countries like [[Singapore]], [[Australia]], [[Italy]], [[France]] to name a few.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Marks & Spencer unveils an Indian wine range – Times of India|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/drinks-corner/Marks-Spencer-unveils-an-Indian-wine-range/articleshow/35511656.cms|website = The Times of India|access-date = 14 January 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Sustainability ==<br />
Over 50% of all of Sula's energy needs are met by the [[solar panel]]s installed at the winery in [[Nashik district|Nashik]]. The packaging used for Sula's products are 99% recyclable, and the company has planted over 30,000 trees around Nashik in the last few years.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Growing green grapes and bottling sustainable wine in India|url = http://www.theecologist.org/how_to_make_a_difference/food_and_gardening/560257/growing_green_grapes_and_bottling_sustainable_wine_in_india.html|website = The Ecologist| date=10 August 2010 |access-date = 14 January 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Milestones ==<br />
Sula is considered a pioneer in India winemaking and has achieved many milestones in the last few decades. These are the milestones achieved:<br />
<br />
* Sula Vineyards was the first company to set up a winery in Nashik in 1999. The company has been instrumental in Nashik earning a reputation of becoming the "Wine Capital of India".<br />
* Sula pioneered many classic grape varieties including Sauvignon Blanc and Chenin Blanc in 2000, Zinfandel in 2003, and Riesling in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Balakrishnan|first=Reghu|date=2013-05-16|title=Everstone set to sell stake in Sula Vineyards|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/finance/everstone-set-to-sell-stake-in-sula-vineyards-113051500556_1.html|access-date=2020-09-07}}</ref><br />
* Launched India's first Grenache Rosé.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-11-15|title=Raindrops and rosé at the launch of Grenache Rosé|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/raindrops-and-ros-at-the-launch-of-grenache-ros/article20449320.ece|access-date=2020-09-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
* Launched India's first and only sparkling Shiraz.<ref>{{Cite web|last=An|first=Shruti|date=2018-11-05|title=Sula Vineyards Launches Sparkling Shiraz, A Festive Wine Perfect For Celebrations And Gifting|url=https://www.hungryforever.com/sula-vineyards-launches-sparkling-shiraz-a-festive-wine-perfect-for-celebrations-and-gifting/|access-date=2020-09-07|website=HungryForever Food Blog|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* Producer of India's best-selling red wine.<br />
* Sula Sommeliers conducted nearly 1300 tastings for consumers and institutions in 2020<br />
* Sula is also one of the few authorised WSET (Wine & Spirit Education Trust) course providers in India. The Wine & Spirit Education Trust often referred to as WSET, is a global organisation that arranges courses and exams in the field of wine and spirits.<br />
* Launched India's first "Wildlife Wine", Kadu in four varieties available in Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Goa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rana|first=Pratishtha|title=Sula Vineyards Launches KĀDU - India's First Wildlife Wine {{!}} Luxebook|date=11 December 2019 |url=https://www.luxebook.in/sula-vineyards-launches-indias-first-wildlife-wine-kadu/|access-date=2020-09-07|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* Launched India's first wine in a can – Dia, in two variants of red and white wine.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sula Vineyards launches country's first canned wine|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/liquor/sula-vineyards-launches-countrys-first-canned-wine/articleshow/74224095.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2020-09-07}}</ref><br />
* Sula is the first national wine brand to be listed with TASMAC &ndash; the Tamil Nadu State Marketing Corporation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Balachandar|first=G.|title=Raise a toast! Sula wines to be sold in select Tasmac outlets|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/raise-a-toast-sula-wines-to-be-sold-in-select-tasmac-outlets/article30764651.ece|access-date=2020-09-07|website=@businessline|date=8 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> <br />
* Sula's wines are served on India's national carrier, Air India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-13|title=Sula creates exclusive label for Air India|url=https://www.foodhospitality.in/latest-updates/sula-creates-exclusive-label-for-air-india/6429/|access-date=2020-09-07|website=Express Food Hospitality|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* Sula is the first Indian wine to be listed by Marks & Spencer UK in the year 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 23, 2014|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|title=Marks & Spencer unveils its first Indian wine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/food/story/marks-spencer-first-indian-wine-jewel-of-nasik-194089-2014-05-23|access-date=2020-09-07|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Wine tourism==<br />
[[File:Beyond By Sula.jpg|thumb|Beyond By Sula resort]]<br />
[[File:Sula Fest 1.jpg|thumb|SulaFest in February 2020]]<br />
Sula also owns and operates two [[Enotourism|wine resorts]] called "The Source at Sula" and "Beyond by Sula" located near its plant in Nashik. It has a [[tasting room]] at its winery in [[Nashik]] and one at "Domaine Sula" vineyard in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sula Vineyards Ltd IPO opens today: Here's everything you need to know |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/market/sula-vineyards-ipo-everything-you-need-to-know-8319531/ |access-date=26 February 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=12 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Starting from 2008, Sula conducted an annual wine-and-music festival called SulaFest at its vineyard in Nashik.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chandra |first1=Alok |title=A toast to SulaFest |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/a-toast-to-sulafest-116021901007_1.html |access-date=26 February 2023 |work=Business Standard India |date=20 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SulaFest returns with gourmet music |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sulafest-returns-with-gourmet-music/article6831012.ece |access-date=26 February 2023 |work=The Hindu Businessline |date=28 January 2015 |language=en}}</ref> SulaFest was discontinued after 13 editions, in the aftermath of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news |title=SulaFest is out but Sula charges ahead with Wine Tourism |url=https://www.indianwineacademy.com/articles/item_4_943/ |access-date=30 April 2024 |work=Indian Wine Academy |date=23 December 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Wineries of India]]<br />
[[Category:Economy of Nashik]]<br />
[[Category:Agriculture in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]<br />
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bokaro_Assembly_constituency&diff=492109Bokaro Assembly constituency2026-04-19T19:16:56Z<p>KathieMuriel714: Starting a stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Jharkhand legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| incumbent_image = Shwettaa Singh.jpg<br />
| name = Bokaro<br />
| map_image = Bokaro constituency map.svg<br />
| state = [[Jharkhand]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Dhanbad Lok Sabha constituency|Dhanbad]]<br />
| established = 2000<br />
| district = [[Bokaro district|Bokaro]]<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link| Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}}<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
| preceded_by = [[Biranchi Narayan]], <br>{{small|{{Party index link|BJP}}}}<br />
| mla = [[Shwettaa Singh]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:526660}}<br />
| constituency_no = 36<br />
}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br />
''' Bokaro Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].<ref name=jhceo>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |title=AC & PC List- Jharkhand |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218152343/http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |archive-date=18 December 2019}}</ref><ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |title=Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2021 }}</ref> Bokaro was part of Bihar of Assembly before the bifurcation of the state in 2000 which led to the creation of Jharkhand.<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=4|[[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Before 1977: Constituency did not exist''}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]] ||[[Samresh Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]] ||[[Aklu Ram Mahto]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]] ||rowspan=2|[[Samresh Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]] ||[[Aklu Ram Mahto]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]] ||[[Samresh Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent}}<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=4|[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br />
| Izrail Ansari<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br />
| [[Samresh Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br />
| rowspan=2 | [[Biranchi Narayan]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
| [[Shwettaa Singh]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|- <br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
===Assembly election 2024===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bokaro<ref>{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 - Seats won by JMM |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124045445/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shwettaa Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,33,438 |percentage=42.34% |change={{increase}}5.83 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Biranchi Narayan]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,26,231 |percentage=40.05% |change={{decrease}}1.37 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Saroj Kumari |party=Jharkhand Loktantrik Krantikari Morcha |votes=39,621 |percentage=12.57% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,817 |percentage=0.89% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=3,730 |percentage=1.18% |change={{increase}}0.22 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,207 |percentage=2.29% |change= {{decrease}}2.62 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,15,173 |percentage=53.94% |change= {{increase}}2.44 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,84,275 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.94 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}0.92 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly election 2019===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bokaro<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/11813-jharkhand-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 February 2022 |date=6 February 2020}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Biranchi Narayan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,12,333 |percentage=41.42% |change={{decrease}}1.96 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shweta Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=99,020 |percentage=36.51% |change={{increase}}25.77 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajendra Mahato |party=All Jharkhand Students Union |votes=14,517 |percentage=5.35% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prakash Kumar |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=13,872 |percentage=5.11% |change={{decrease}}2.52 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Masakur Alam Siddiki |party=All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes=5,401 |percentage=1.99% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjay Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=3,148 |percentage=1.16% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jayanti Kumari |party=Independent politician |votes=2,226 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,615 |percentage=0.96% |change={{increase}}0.25 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,313 |percentage=4.91% |change= {{decrease}}22.66 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,71,225 |percentage=51.50% |change= {{decrease}}1.97 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,26,660 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.86 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}1.96 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly election 2014===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bokaro<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3787-jharkhand-2014/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Biranchi Narayan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,14,321 |percentage=43.38% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Samresh Singh]] |party=Independent politician |votes=41,678 |percentage=15.81% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manjur Ansari |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,295 |percentage=10.74% |change={{decrease}}8.04 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Izrail Ansari]] |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=20,120 |percentage=7.63% |change={{decrease}}19.32 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mantu Kumar Yadav |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=13,922 |percentage=5.28% |change={{decrease}}1.03 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=8,501 |percentage=3.23% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Awadhesh Singh Yadav |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=6,167 |percentage=2.34% |change={{decrease}}5.53 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,891 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=72,643 |percentage=27.56% |change= {{increase}}19.39 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,63,538 |percentage=53.47% |change= {{increase}}8.59 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,92,853 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.91 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |swing= {{increase}}16.43 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly election 2009===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bokaro<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3786-jharkhand-2009/ |title=Jharkhand 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=20 August 2018 |access-date= 23 May 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Samresh Singh]] |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=53,757 |percentage=26.95% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Izrail Ansari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=37,452 |percentage=18.78% |change={{decrease}}1.41 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shailendra Mahto |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=34,759 |percentage=17.43% |change={{decrease}}0.49 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Aklu Ram Mahto]] |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=15,690 |percentage=7.87% |change={{decrease}}4.87 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mantu Kumar Yadav |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=12,595 |percentage=6.31% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ahsanu Ullah Sah |party=All Jharkhand Students Union |votes=5,841 |percentage=2.93% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajendra Mahto |party=Independent politician |votes=5,606 |percentage=2.81% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,305 |percentage=8.17% |change= {{increase}}5.91 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,99,452 |percentage=44.88% |change= {{decrease}}3.05 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,44,370 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.32 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}6.77 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly election 2005===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bokaro<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3785-jharkhand-2005/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2005 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Izrail Ansari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=44,939 |percentage=20.19% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Chaudhary |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=39,898 |percentage=17.92% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Samresh Singh]] |party=Jharkhand Vananchal Congress |votes=35,644 |percentage=16.01% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bachcha Singh |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=28,365 |percentage=12.74% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Aklu Ram Mahto]] |party=Independent politician |votes=16,109 |percentage=7.24% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajendra Mahto |party=Independent politician |votes=8,043 |percentage=3.61% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sadhu Sharan Gope |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=6,819 |percentage=3.06% |change={{decrease}}4.74 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,041 |percentage=2.26% |change= {{decrease}}29.57 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,22,623 |percentage=47.94% |change= {{decrease}}7.99 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,64,418 |ref = |change= {{increase}}29.35 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}28.47 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly election 2000===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Bokaro<ref>{{cite web|url = https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |title = Statistical Report on General Election, 2000 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar |access-date = 16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005142035/https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |archive-date= 5 October 2023 |website=ceobihar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Bihar}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Samresh Singh]] |party=Independent politician |votes=97,712 |percentage=48.66% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Choudhary |party=Samata Party |votes=33,779 |percentage=16.82% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Aklu Ram Mahto]] |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=15,673 |percentage=7.80% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogeshwar Mahato |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=10,421 |percentage=5.19% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sadhu Sharan Gope |party=Independent politician |votes=8,240 |percentage=4.10% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anirudh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=7,910 |percentage=3.94% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Birendra Singh |party=Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) |votes=5,962 |percentage=2.97% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=63,933 |percentage=31.84% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,00,810 |percentage=56.63% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,59,043 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of constituencies of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|23.792|85.889|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Bokaro Steel City]]<br />
[[Category:Bokaro district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:2000 establishments in Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2000]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanippadi_Assembly_constituency&diff=539560Tanippadi Assembly constituency2026-04-19T08:55:40Z<p>KathieMuriel714: adding new info w/ infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| map_image = <br />
| established = 1962<br />
| abolished= 1967<br />
| district = [[Tiruvannamalai district|Tiruvannamalai]]<br />
| loksabha_cons =<br />
| name = Tanippadi<br />
| electors= 1,00,133<br />
| reservation = None<br />
}}<br />
'''Tanippadi''' was one of the 234 constituencies in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], a southern state of [[India]]. It was in [[Tiruvannamalai district]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Winner<br />
! colspan="2"| Party<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align: center;" colspan="4"|'''Madras State'''<br />
|-<br />
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]||A. Arumugam|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
{{bar box<br />
|float=right<br />
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<br />
|titlebar=#ddd<br />
|width=300px<br />
|barwidth=275px<br />
|bars=<br />
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|56.26}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===1962===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Tanippadi<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. Arumugam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=33,129 |percentage=56.26% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. S. Santhanam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,753 |percentage=43.74% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,376 |percentage=12.53% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=58,882 |percentage=62.31% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,00,133 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}<br />
<br />
{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{coords|12.11|78.83|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tiruvannamalai district]]<br />
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]<br />
[[Category:1962 establishments in Madras State]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1967]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Tiruvannamalai-geo-stub}}<br />
{{India-constituency-stub}}</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cityflo&diff=494650Cityflo2026-04-15T23:22:17Z<p>KathieMuriel714: Starting place!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Bus service company in Maharashtra, India}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = Cityflo<br />
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]<br />
| industry = Transportation<br />
| founded = {{start date and age|2015}}<br />
| trade_name = Komorebi Tech Solutions<br />
| hq_location = <br />
| hq_location_city = [[Thane]], [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| hq_location_country = [[India]]<br />
| area_served = Mumbai, Thane, and Hyderabad<br />
| services = Urban Mobility<br />
| website = {{URL|https://www.cityflo.com/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Cityflo''' is an app-based bus service company headquartered in Thane, [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref name="inc42">{{Cite web |title=Cityflo Company Profile |url=https://inc42.com/company/cityflo/ |website=[[Inc42]] |access-date=20 June 2025}}</ref> Founded in 2015, the company operates in the shared mobility sector,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cityflo cuts 73 lakh litres of fuel consumption in FY25 through shared mobility services |url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news/cityflo-cuts-73-lakh-litres-of-fuel-consumption-in-fy25-through-shared-mobility-services-125946 |date=25 June 2025 |access-date=13 September 2025}}</ref> providing daily office commute services for corporate professionals in [[Mumbai]], [[Hyderabad]], and Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ETtech |date=2 April 2025 |title=Buses to play critical role in enhancing last mile commute in metro cities: Cityflo |website=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/buses-to-play-critical-role-in-enhancing-last-mile-commute-in-metro-cities-cityflo/articleshow/119908449.cms |access-date=13 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="economictimes">{{Cite web |title=Daily commute service firm Cityflo to enter Delhi, aims to deploy 100 buses this year |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/roadways/daily-commute-service-firm-cityflo-to-enter-delhi-aims-to-deploy-100-buses-this-year/articleshow/118710206.cms |date=4 March 2025 |access-date=20 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="businessline">{{Cite web |title=Bus service start-up Cityflo to expand into Delhi, plans to add 250-300 buses in 18 months |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/bus-service-start-up-cityflo-to-expand-into-delhi/article65076799.ece |website=[[The Hindu BusinessLine]] |date=23 February 2022 |access-date=20 June 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
Cityflo was founded in May 2015 by [[IIT Bombay]] graduates Jerin Venad, Rushabh Shah, Ankit Agrawal and Sankalp Kelshikar<ref name="inc42 cityflo">{{Cite web |title=App-Based Bus Service Cityflo Bags $7.7 Mn From Lightbox To Expand Service |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/app-based-bus-service-cityflo-bags-7-7-mn-from-lightbox-to-expand-service/ |website=[[Inc42]] |date=29 September 2022 |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rs 4.8 crore flows into Mumbai-based on-demand bus aggregator Cityflo from IDG Ventures, others |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/rs-4-8-crore-flows-into-mumbai-based-on-demand-bus-aggregator-cityflo-from-idg-ventures-others/articleshow/49637376.cms |website=[[The Economic Times]] |date=3 November 2015 |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref> with Jerin Venad as the company’s [[Chief executive officer|CEO]].<br />
<br />
Cityflo faced operational challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fear, panic and bounce back: Inside a transport startup's pandemic rollercoaster |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/features/fear-panic-and-bounce-back-inside-a-transport-startups-pandemic-rollercoaster-6480921.html |work=[[Moneycontrol]] |accessdate=12 July 2025 |date=10 February 2021 |last=Sriram |first=M.}}</ref><br />
<br />
In May 2025, Komorebi Tech Solutions, the parent company of Cityflo, announced a [[joint venture]] with Globus Trans Solutions LLP to operate 500 [[electric bus]]es in the state government-run bus transit ecosystem under the brand name Urban Glide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Private Enterprise Urban Glide Enters India's Public Bus Market |website=[[AutocarPro]] |date=12 May 2025 |url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news/private-enterprise-urban-glide-enters-indias-public-bus-market-126352 |access-date=4 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cityflo parent and Globus Trans form joint venture to enter state-run bus transit sector |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/cityflo-parent-and-globus-trans-form-joint-venture-to-enter-state-run-bus-transit-sector/articleshow/121139045.cms |website=[[The Economic Times]] |date=2024-02-28 |access-date=2025-07-07}}</ref> The company has also announced that it will expand its services in Delhi in 2025.<ref name="businessline"/> In July 2025, Cityflo partnered with Aaveg to launch an electric bus fleet in Delhi NCR.<ref name="aaveg">{{Cite web |title=Cityflo partners with Aaveg to launch electric bus fleet in Delhi NCR |url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/commercial-vehicle/cityflo-and-aaveg-launch-electric-bus-fleet-in-delhi-ncr-for-sustainable-urban-transport/122831454 |website=[[ET Auto]] ([[The Economic Times]]) |date=22 July 2025 |access-date=20 June 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Funding ==<br />
In 2015, after the launch, Cityflo raised seed funding of $750K from [[IDG Ventures]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cityflo raises $750,000 from IDG Ventures, others |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/business/cityflo-raises-7-50-000-from-idg-ventures-others-1239692 |website=[[NDTV Profit]] |date=4 November 2015 |access-date=14 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cityflo raises USD 750,000 from IDG Ventures, others |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/cityflo-raises-usd-750000-from-idg-ventures-others-506734-2015-11-04 |website=[[India Today]] |date=4 November 2015 |access-date=14 July 2025}}</ref> In 2019, the company secured ₹3 crore (approximately $405,000) from India Quotient and other angel investors.<ref name="inc42 cityflo"/><br />
<br />
In November 2020, Cityflo raised ₹57 crore (approximately $8 million) in Series A funding led by Lightbox Ventures along with its existing investors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=App-based bus service provider Cityflo raises $8 mn led by Lightbox Ventures |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/app-based-bus-service-provider-cityflo-raises-8-mn-led-by-lightbox-ventures-11606287053603.html |website=[[Mint (disambiguation)|Mint]] |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=14 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* {{anl|Ibibo}}<br />
* [[RedBus.in]]<br />
* [[Shuttl]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Transport companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:Transport companies established in 2015]]<br />
[[Category:Road transport in India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2015]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinna_(2001_film)&diff=494218Chinna (2001 film)2026-04-11T02:44:41Z<p>KathieMuriel714: Starting pg</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian Telugu-language action drama film}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = <br />
| image = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| native_name = <!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --><br />
| director = [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] <br />
| writer = Dasari Narayana Rao<br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| based_on = <!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --><br />
| producer = <br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
*[[Dasari Arun Kumar]]<br />
*[[Shilpa Shinde]] <br />
*Dasari Narayana Rao<br />
}}<br />
| narrator = <br />
| cinematography = Gadiraju Srinivasa Rao<br />
| editing = B. Krishnamraju<br />
| music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]<br />
| studio = Tharaka Prabhu Films<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|2001|5|25|df=yes}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Chinna''''' is a 2001 Indian [[Telugu-language|Telugu]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] starring [[Dasari Arun Kumar]], [[Shilpa Shinde]] (credited as Akanksha) and himself.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Chinna is a jobless graduate, who works inside his van selling food and drinks alongside his friends. He is influenced by his bus driver father Ramachandra and often takes the law into his own hands. Mini visits his shop and an argument ensues, which results in her spilling the Pepsi on his face. Mini's friends throw away a large quantity of the food of Chinna's shop's, which results in him summoning Mini to court. Chinna and Mini eventually fall in love, but little does he know that Mini, belongs to a politician family headed by her father Appa Rao.<br />
<br />
Chinna's van is set on fire by Appa Rao's men and Chinna and his friends go to Appa Rao's residence to protest. The collector orders Appa Rao's son to go to jail but is eventually released with the police inspector twisting the case that the van exploded due to electric shock. His other son sets Ramachandra's bus on fire. As the press media is present, Appa Rao orders his son that set fire to the bus to go to jail. Appa Rao uses his influence in court to make the judge say that Ramachandra is mentally ill. A deeply saddened Ramachandra eventually dies.<br />
<br />
Chinna eventually becomes a police officer. He takes the law in his own hands and fights back Appa Rao's men in revenge for his father's death and justice for the nation.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
*[[Dasari Arun Kumar]] as Chinna<br />
*[[Shilpa Shinde]] as Mini<br />
*[[Dasari Narayana Rao]] as Ramachandra, Chinna's father <br />
*[[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]] as Chinna's mother<br />
*[[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeeta]] as Mini's mother<br />
*[[K. Viswanath]] as Governor<br />
*[[Kantha Rao]] as Judge<br />
*[[Raza Murad]] as Public Prosecutor<br />
*[[Murali Mohan]] as a police inspector<br />
*[[Narra Venkateswara Rao]] as Lawyer<br />
*Sivakrishna as a police inspector<br />
*[[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Appa Rao<br />
*[[Brahmanandam]] as the army soldier<br />
*[[AVS (actor)|AVS]] as the army soldier's photographer<br />
*[[Sudhakar (Telugu actor)|Sudhakar]]<br />
*[[L. B. Sriram]]<br />
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Chinna's friend<br />
*[[Uttej]] as Chinna's friend<br />
*[[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]] as Chinna's friend<br />
*[[Tirupathi Prakash]] as Chinna's friend<br />
*[[Kazan Khan]] as Appa Rao's son<br />
*[[G. V. Sudhakar Naidu]] as Appa Rao's son<br />
*[[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]] as Police Inspector<br />
*[[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]] as a henchman (uncredited)<br />
*[[Besant Ravi]] as an army officer in Appa Rao's camp (uncredited)<br />
*Kotesh Manava as a government employee (uncredited)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
This film marked the debut of [[Shilpa Shinde]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/11/stories/2002071101000300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030630180757/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/11/stories/2002071101000300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 June 2003 |title=An artiste set to dazzle |date=11 July 2002 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref> After the failure of ''Greeku Veerudu'' (1998), Dasari Narayana Rao decided to focus on this film fully and postponed the shooting of ''[[Kondaveeti Simhasanam]]'' (2002).<ref name="I"/> This film also marked the first time that [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] shot abroad for his films with two of songs being canned in New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news37.html|title=Dasari to shoot his songs in abroad for the first time|work=Idlebrain.com|date=4 September 2000|access-date=12 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news41.html|title=Viswanath doing a guest role in Chinna|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=13 September 2000|access-date=12 September 2025}}</ref> As of January 2001, the film was in post-production.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news98.html|title=Chinna to be released in Srilanka|work=Idlebrain.com|date=22 January 2001|access-date=12 September 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music was composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri |date= |title=Reviews of 2001 Released Movies - Chinna|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/movies/reviews/2001.html |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |archive-date=10 February 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020210063024/http://www.telugucinema.com/movies/reviews/2001.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><br />
*"Abba Hairabba" - [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Swarnalatha]]<br />
*"Chiranjeevi Inti Kada" - [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]<br />
*"Guvva Guvva" - Dr. Narayana<br />
*"Ne Raasaanu" - [[Rajesh Krishnan|Rajesh]], Sujatha<br />
*"Oka Chitramana Sanghtana" - P. Unnikrishnan, Sujatha<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
The film was scheduled to release in December 2000 but kept getting delayed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news131.html|title=Dasari's Rifles|work=Idlebrain.com|date=7 May 2001|access-date=13 September 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb title|0263199}}<br />
<br />
{{Dasari Narayana Rao}}<br />
[[Category:2001 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Dasari Narayana Rao]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by S. A. Rajkumar]]<br />
[[Category:2001 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2001 action drama films]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaggula_John_Wesley&diff=505163Jaggula John Wesley2026-04-10T00:39:49Z<p>KathieMuriel714: Biography - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Politician from Telangana, India}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office1 = Secretary of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], [[Telangana]]<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Tammineni Veerabhadram]]<br />
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
| occupation = Politician<br />
| term_start1 = 29 January 2025<br />
| office2 = Member of [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Central Committee]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
| term_start2 = 6 April 2025<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Jaggula John Wesley''' is a communist politician from [[Amarchinta]], [[Telangana]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2025-01-28 |title=John Wesley Appointed as CPM Telangana State Secretary |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/john-wesley-appointed-as-cpm-telangana-state-secretary-940469 |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> He is the current state secretary of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (Marxist)]], Telangana. Wesley, a [[Madiga]] by caste, is the first [[Dalit]] person to hold this position in the Telugu states.<ref>{{cite web | title=Telangana: Why CPI(M) made a Dalit as state secretary at last | date=31 January 2025 | url=https://thefederal.com/category/states/south/telangana/why-cpi-m-made-a-dalit-as-state-secretary-169502 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-01-29 |title=John Wesley elected as CPI (M)'s Telangana State secretary |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/john-wesley-elected-as-cpi-ms-telangana-state-secretary/article69153549.ece |access-date=2025-09-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-28 |title=John Wesley Named CPM Telangana State Secretary |url=https://www.telanganatribune.com/john-wesley-named-cpm-telangana-state-secretary/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)#24th Central Committee|24th Central Committee of the CPI (M)]] and the state president of ''Kula Vivaksha Vyatireka Porata Samithi,'' a movement against [[Caste-related violence in India|Caste-based discrimination]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-01-28 |title=CPM appoints John Wesley as Telangana state secretary |url=https://www.siasat.com/cpm-appoints-john-wesley-as-telangana-state-secretary-3172024/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Central Committee Elected at the 24th Congress {{!}} Peoples Democracy |url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2025/0413_pd/new-central-committee-elected-24th-congress |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=peoplesdemocracy.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
He started his journey into politics in 1990s with [[Radical Students Union]]. He joined the CPI (Marxist) in 1996 and held leadership positions in the ''[[Democratic Youth Federation of India]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-01-29 |title=John Wesley elected as CPI (M)'s Telangana State secretary |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/john-wesley-elected-as-cpi-ms-telangana-state-secretary/article69153549.ece |access-date=2025-09-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wesley, Jaggula John}}<br />
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
{{CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lifafa&diff=512154Lifafa2026-04-08T09:56:05Z<p>KathieMuriel714: New</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Lifafa<br />
| image = LifafaWCF.jpg<br />
| caption = Lifafa performing at World Class Festival Mumbai 2026<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|03|01}}<br />
| current_member_of = [[Peter Cat Recording Co.]]<br />
| spouse = Surabhi Tandon<br />
| website = {{URL|https://www.lifafa.xxx}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Short description|Indian musician}}<br />
'''Suryakant Samson Sawhney''', known professionally as '''Lifafa''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.platform-mag.com/music/lifafa-aka-suryakant-samson-sawhney.html|title=Lifafa a.k.a Suryakant Sawhney|website=www.platform-mag.com}}</ref> is an Indian [[Independent music|indie]] musician, who is also popular for being a founding member of [[Peter Cat Recording Co.]]. Lifafa came to prominence with his album ''Jaago''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kappal |first=Bhanuj |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Indie powerhouse Lifaf's new album, SUPERPOWER 2020, is infused with disco synths and romantic ideas about India |url=https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/lifafa-superpower-2020-review |website=GQ India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grazia.co.in/people/singer-lifafa-new-album-2021_-7524.html|title=For His New Album, Singer Lifafa Is At His Vulnerable And Experimental Best|website=grazia.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |date=June 10, 2021 |title=Lifafa Takes to Protest Rave on Eccentric New Album 'Superpower 2020' |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/lifafa-new-album-superpower-2020/ |website=Rolling Stone India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Discography ==<br />
* ''Jaago'' (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thewildcity.com/features/10954-review-with-jaago-lifafa-has-truly-found-his-identity|title=Review: With 'Jaago' Lifafa Has Truly Found His Identity|website=www.thewildcity.com}}</ref><br />
* ''SUPERPOWER2020'' (2020)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Kartik |date=May 25, 2021 |title="Superpower 2020" – Lifafa's Return Is Even Better Than You Expected |url=https://theindianmusicdiaries.com/superpower-2020-lifafas-return-is-even-better-than-you-expected/ |website=theindianmusicdiaries.com/}}</ref><br />
* ''Ghar: Sounds of Raw Mango'' (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2020/apr/13/raw-mango-launches-ghar---sounds-of-raw-mango-an-album-of-seven-tracks-in-collaboration-with-lifafa-24019.html|title=Raw Mango launches Ghar - Sounds of Raw Mango, an album of seven tracks in collaboration with Lifafa|website=www.indulgexpress.com|date=13 April 2020 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian male singer-songwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Indie rock musicians]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
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{{India-singer-stub}}</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raja_Jahandad_Khan&diff=528311Raja Jahandad Khan2026-03-29T18:41:58Z<p>KathieMuriel714: Added New Details Needs Work.</p>
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<div>{{short description|Gakhar chief (died 1906)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}<br />
<br />
[[Khan Bahadur]] [[Raja]] '''Jahandad Khan''', {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]]}} (1849–1906) was a politician and the chief of the [[Gakhars|Gakhar]] tribe<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1355807937 |title=Quarterly Civil List for the Punjab: Corrected up to 1st October 1898 (classic reprint). |date=2022 |publisher=Forgotten Books |isbn=978-0-365-88615-0 |pages=262 |oclc=1355807937}}</ref> in the [[British Indian Empire]]. He was granted the title of Khan Bahadur on 24 May 1881 and the [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (CIE) on 1 January 1904.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ&dq=khan+bahadur+raja+jahandad+khan&pg=RA1-PA149 |title=The India List and India Office List |date=1905 |publisher=Harrison. |pages=162, 149 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Roper |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hIPy0LpPm9oC&q=golden+book+of+india&pg=PA200 |title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated, of the Indian Empire |date=2001 |publisher=Adegi Graphics LLC |isbn=978-1-4021-9328-6 |pages=200 |language=en |orig-date=1893}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
[[File:Sultan_jahandad_khan.png|thumb| Raja Jahandad Khan in 1890.]]<br />
Khan was from the Khanpur family of Gakhars. Raja Jahandad inherited the [[Khanpur Tehsil, Haripur|Khanpur]] estate containing 84 villages from his father Sultan Raja Haider Bukhsh. He was invested with the gold [[Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]] by the Viceroy of India, [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Lord Hardinge]], in recognition of the many years of service since 1877 he had so loyally rendered to the British Raj.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/504036266 |title=History of Services of Gazetted Officers employed in the Punjab. 11th edition, corrected up to 1st July 1891( -1936). |date=1891–1936 |pages=337 |oclc=504036266}}</ref> Raja Jahandad Khan remained Assistant Commissioner of Rawalpindi, Punjab. He was sent as an ambassador of the British Government of India to Afghanistan to congratulate Amir [[Habibullah Khan]] on his accession.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Watson, Hubert Digby |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1332961807 |title=Gazetteer of the Hazara district, 1907 |date=1992 |publisher=Sarhad Urdu Academy |pages=35–37 |oclc=1332961807}}</ref> He had close relations with the Afghan monarchy, and married the daughter of Amir [[Sher Ali Khan]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khan |first=Sarfraz |last2=Amin |first2=Noor Ul |date=2015 |title=Prelude to Higher Education in Afghanistan: The Role of Indian Muslims (1901–33) |url=https://www.prdb.pk/article/prelude-to-higher-education-in-afghanistan-the-role-of-indi-3435 |journal=Central Asia |language=en |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=1–31}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Family ==<br />
Raja Jahandad Khan had three sons {{Em dash}} Captain Sultan Raja Haider Zaman ([[Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire|MBE]], Delhi Durbar Medal, Delhi Coronation Medal, Chairman District board Hazara); Raja Manochehar Khan (MLA NWFP Assembly 1937) and Raja Safdar Jung. His grandson [[Raja Sikander Zaman]] later served as CM of NWFP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2025 |title=Masjid Rajgan: A 153-year-old monument to faith that emerges from beneath Khanpur Dam |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/14-Jul-2025/masjid-rajgan-a-153-year-old-monument-to-faith-that-emerges-from-beneath-khanpur-dam |access-date=27 August 2025 |website=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]] |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Sultan Muhammad Khan]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan}}<br />
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]]<br />
[[Category:1849 births]]<br />
[[Category:1905 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian royalty]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani knights]]<br />
[[Category:Gakhar dynasty]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guru_Narasimha_Temple,_Saligrama&diff=501575Guru Narasimha Temple, Saligrama2026-03-25T21:19:17Z<p>KathieMuriel714: Starting new bio</p>
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<div>{{Multiple issues|<br />
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{{Infobox Mandir<br />
|name = Guru Narasimha temple<br />
|image = <br />
|alt =<br />
|caption = The moola vigraha (original deity)<br />
|map_type = Karnataka <br />
|coordinates = {{coord|13|29|55|N|74|42|42|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}<br />
|map_caption = Location within Karnataka<br />
|country = [[India]]<br />
|state = [[Karnataka]]<br />
|district = [[Udupi]] District<br />
|locale = Saligrama<br />
|deity = [[Narasimha]] as Srimad Yogananda Guru Narasimha<br />
|festivals = [[Narasimha Jayanti]]<br />
|architecture = <br />
|temple_quantity =<br />
|monument_quantity =<br />
|inscriptions =<br />
|date_built = <br />
|creator =<br />
}}<br />
The '''Guru Narasimha Temple, Saligrama''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Narasimha]], the lion-headed form of [[Vishnu]]. Srimad Yogananda Guru Narasimha is the chief deity of the town of [[Saligrama, Udupi]], [[Karnataka]], India.<br />
<br />
The main image of Narashima, lion-faced and two-handed, is dated to the 8th century.<ref>''Archaeology of Karnataka'', p. 322, ed. A. V. Narasimha Murthy, Prasārānga, University of Mysore, 1978</ref> The temple of Guru Narasimha is located on NH 66 at a distance of 22&nbsp;km from [[Udupi City]].<br />
<br />
== Kshetra Purana (Significance of the history of the place) ==<br />
The 'Sri Saligrama Kshetra Mahatmyam' of the Pushkara khanda of the [[Padma Purana]], the Sahyadri khanda of the [[Skanda Purana]] and the Lokadityapaddati provide the details of the significance of this temple.<br />
<br />
*According to the [[Padma Purana]], the deity of Guru Narasimha appeared at the bottom of a pipal tree holding [[Shankha]](conch) and [[Chakra]](disc) in its hands. [[Narada]] muni who had heard this through an akashavani (celestial message) installed the deity of Guru Narasimha. The akashavani described the deity as 'Yogananda Nrusimhakyam'.<br />
*According to the Sahyadri khanda of the [[Skanda Purana]], Lokaditya, the son of Mayura Varma of the [[Kadamba Dynasty]] came along with his army and a group of [[Brahmins]] headed by a great man called Bhattacharya. The priests performed mahayagas like Poundra, Atiratra etc. on the request of the king. The blessings of Mahaganapati had been invoked at the start of the yagnas. [[Ganapathi]] appeared in the dreams of Bhattacharya with 10 hands and told him to re-install the deity of Lord Yogananda Narasimha and from henceforth Narasimha himself shall be the Guru and god for the Brahmins of the 14 villages surrounding the temple.<br />
<br />
To this day, the Brahmins of these 14 villages, known as [[Kota Brahmins]] follow Guru Narasimha as their sole Guru.<br />
<br />
== Characteristics of the Deity ==<br />
*The Deity of Guru Narasimha is entirely made of the sacred [[Saligrama]] stone. The Deity itself was never carved by anyone, but is "Swayambhu".{{clarify|date=January 2020}} The name of the place "Saligrama" owns to this legend.<br />
*The Deity has a [[Shankha]](conch) in one hand and a [[Chakra]](disc) in another. It is seated in a yogic posture attributing to the name "Yogananda Guru Narasimha".<br />
*The Deity is seated on a Mahaganapati yantra. The reason for this is that, Bhattacharya witnessed that in this place lions and elephants lived in harmony, which is quite contradictory to their nature. As a result, he called this place as "Nirvairya sthala" meaning "the place of no enmity".<br />
*The Deity faces west and 2 ponds are located on either sides of its hands, namely, the Shanka Teertha and the Chakra Teertha.<br />
*There is a crack in the top portion of the Deity. The story behind this is that-<br />
Earlier, the deity of Guru Narasimha was facing east. Because of the "Ugra" nature of Narasimha, the crops facing the direction of the eyesight of the deity used to get burned to ashes. An angry Brahmin once struck the Lord with a plough, and hence a scar was formed on the deity. It is deemed that the person who struck the deity faced a lot of problems later on in his life. Several citations from the Shilpa Shastra can be used to prove that the deity was once facing east.<br />
<br />
== Guru Narasimha as an ensurer of law ==<br />
<br />
Until 1950, it was a common practice to swear in front of the Lord after following a set of rituals. If a person wished to swear in front of the Lord in a court case, the person would be allowed to do so in the presence of the judge, who himself would come down to the temple. The person wishing to swear in front of the Lord would have to take a dip in both Teerthas, wear wet clothes, and enter the temple from the side door. Then he would be required to ring 2 pramana bells near the main entrance, stand in front of the garbha gudi, light 6 lamps, swear in front of the Lord, blow out the lamps, and repeat these 2 more times.<br />
<br />
== Temple structure ==<br />
*In 1970 a new Garbha Gudi, Tirtha Mantapa, shrine for the nagadevaru, dvajasthamba and other renovations were made to the temple.<br />
*In 1996 an Ashtamangala Prashna was carried out in the temple and the errors found were corrected in stages.<br />
*In 1997 the Shanka Theertha was cleaned, and its surroundings were renovated.<br />
*In 1998 the old temple doors were replaced with new concrete ones.<br />
*In 2003 the present Swagata Gopura was constructed.<br />
<br />
=== Anjaneya swami temple ===<br />
Outside the temple, there is also an idol of Anjaneya Swami that faces Guru Narsimha's line of sight. This idol was installed there to reduce the "Ugra" nature of the Lord and hence stop the burning of crops. The idol is smeared with sindhura and butter in order to reduce the burning effect due to Guru Narasimha's sight.<br />
<br />
It is a practice for tourists travelling long distances to stop in front of the Anjaneya Swami temple and offer kanike to the deity and only then pass on in order to ensure that they reach their destination safely. Rangapuja is carried out in this shrine throughout the year in the evenings.<br />
<br />
=== Mahaganapathi ===<br />
Bhattacharya, who installed the Guru Narasimha idol, also installed the deity Mahaganapati. Legend says that Mahaganapathi appeared with ten arms in Bhattacharya's dreams and gave him instructions. As a result, the deity that Bhattacharya installed is a "dashabhuja" Ganapathi. The presence of Narasimha and Ganapathi also serves as a reminder that elephants and lions once lived in harmony in this place. Puja is carried out every day for the deity.<br />
<br />
=== Durga Parameshwari ===<br />
The idol of Sri [[Durga]] Parameshwari is located to the right of the garbha griha of Guru Narasimha and exactly opposite to the shrine of Mahaganapathi. Here too puja is performed to the deity on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
== Narasimha as the guru ==<br />
It is a traditional practice for a class of [[Brahmins]] to be associated to some [[Matha]] usually established by great acharyas like [[Adi Shankara]], [[Ramanuja]], [[Madhvacharya]], etc. However, the [[Kota Brahmins]] of the 14 villages surrounding the Saligrama temple do not have any human gurus. Instead [[Lord Vishnu]] himself in the form of [[Narasimha]] is their guru. The Brahmins themselves did not disconnect from any matha and adopt Narasimha as their guru. It was Ganapathi who appeared in the dreams of Bhattacharya who told him to gather the Brahmins of the 14 villages surrounding the Guru Narasimha temple and inform them that from henceforth only Guru Narasimha shall be their guru. Also, this incident took place even before the time of the 1st Brahmin guru [[Adi Shankara]] was born.<br /><br />
Although the Brahmins of these 14 villages did not accept [[Adi Shankara]] as their guru formally when he toured this place, they completely accepted the [[Advaita vedanta]] as propagated by him. They too belong to the [[Smartha]] category of Brahmins with the exception that their guru is Guru Narasimha and not [[Adi Shankara]].<br /><br />
It is mandatory for them to keep aside a guru kanike before conducting rituals like [[Upanayana]], marriage, etc.<br />
<br />
These villages surround the temple:<br />
*Airody<br />
*Balekudru or Hangarukate<br />
*Chtrapady<br />
*Giliyaru<br />
*Gundmi<br />
*Handattu<br />
*Karkada<br />
*Kotathattu<br />
*Mannooru<br />
*Pandeshwara<br />
*Paramapalli<br />
*Vaddarse<br />
<br />
== Important sevas and festivals ==<br />
<br />
*It is a practice by the Brahmins of the 14 villages to perform the mooduganapathi seva for the Lord in the tulaamaasa sankramana for providing proper rain and hence proper harvest. Later a feast is organised using the rice collected during this time.<br />
*120 coconut ganahoma to the Mahaganapathi deity during Ganesh Chaturthi.<br />
*Ratharohana during Uttarayana sankranthis(16 January).<br />
*Chandika Parayana for Durga Parameshwari during Navaratri.<br />
*Hanuma Jayanthi.<br />
*Narasimha Jayanti.<br />
*Car festival during makara maasa.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* http://www.kootabandhu.org<br />
* https://web.archive.org/web/20170518065030/http://kootastha.org/<br />
<br />
[[Category:Narasimha temples in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Udupi district]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Joseph%27s_Church,_Aloor&diff=462337St. Joseph's Church, Aloor2026-03-22T11:37:01Z<p>KathieMuriel714: </p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br />
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{{more citations needed|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox church<br />
| name = St. Josephs Church, Aloor<br />
| native_name = Aloor Valiya Palli <br />
| image = <br />
| imagesize = <br />
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| caption = St. Josephs Church, Aloor<br />
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| longs = <br />
| longEW = <br />
| osgraw = <!-- TEXT --> <br />
| osgridref = <!-- {{gbmappingsmall| TEXT}} --> <br />
| location = [[Aloor, Kerala|Aloor]], [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]]<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
<br />
| denomination = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic]] <br />
| previous denomination = <br />
| churchmanship = <br />
| membership = 1028 families<br />
| attendance = 3500<br />
| website = <br />
| former name = <br />
| bull date = <br />
| founded date = 1858<br />
| founder = <br />
| dedicated date = 1868<br />
| consecrated date = <br />
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| status = Parish<br />
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| length = <!-- {{convert| }} --> <br />
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| parish = St. Josephs Church, Aloor<br />
| deanery = <br />
| archdeaconry = <br />
| episcopalarea = <br />
| archdiocese = <br />
| metropolis = <br />
| diocese = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Irinjalakuda]]<br />
| province = Thrissur<br />
| presbytery = <br />
| synod = Syro Malabar<br />
| circuit = <br />
| district = Thrissur<br />
| division = <br />
| subdivision =<br />
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| bishop = Mar Pauly Kannookadan <br />
| dean = <br />
| vicar = <br />
| asstpriest = <br />
| deacon = <br />
| sacristan =<br />
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| reader = <br />
| student intern = <br />
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| director = <br />
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| logo = <br />
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'''St. Joseph Church, Aloor''' is a parish of the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]] in [[Aloor, Kerala|Aloor]]. It was the first [[parish church]] in Aloor Muri of the [[Mukundapuram Taluk|Mukundapuram]] and Kodassery taluks. Aloor parish is one of the 83 parishes between the [[Bharathappuzha]] and [[Periyar (river)|Periyar]] rivers, during the erection of syro-Malabar hierarchy and Trichur Vicariate.<br />
<br />
The [[Saint Thomas Christians|Nazrani]] community of Aloor built a small prayer hall made of bamboo and palm leaf upon land donated by its members in 1858, and used it for their usual prayer necessities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.irinjalakudadiocese.com/photoupload/parishespdf/parpd2.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 July 2016 |archive-date=1 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501014231/http://www.irinjalakudadiocese.com/photoupload/parishespdf/parpd2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The church did not get approval for parish status from the authorities, however, due to some administrative schisms prevailed in the Indian catholic church in 19th century. In 1868, the Aloor church was recognized by the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly|Vicariate Apostolic of Verapoly]]. When the Syro-Malabar hierarchy was re-established in 1887, it was placed under the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Thrissur|Vicariate Apostolic of Thrissur]].<br />
<br />
The church is locally noted for housing two distinct and relatively uncommon devotional statues within the same परिसर, making it a point of interest among regional Christian devotional practices.<br />
<br />
• Sleeping St. Joseph statue<br />
<br />
The church contains a statue of St. Joseph depicted in a reclining or sleeping posture. This form of devotion has gained wider recognition in recent years, particularly among the faithful who associate it with intercessory prayer by placing written petitions near the statue.<br />
<br />
<br />
• Sleeping Mother Mary with Infant Jesus<br />
In addition to the St. Joseph statue, the church also houses a separate statue of the Virgin Mary shown in a resting or sleeping position alongside the infant Jesus. This depiction is comparatively rare in Christian iconography and reflects a localized devotional expression emphasizing maternal care and the Holy Family.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Event<br />
! From<br />
! To<br />
|-<br />
| 1858<br />
| Construction of the ‘prayer chapel’ at Aloor<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1868<br />
| Aloor Church approved <br />
| [[Chalakudy, St. Mary`s Forane Church ]]<br />
| [[Aloor, St. Josephs Church]] was approved by Vicariate of Verapoly<br />
|-<br />
| 1872<br />
| Aloor Parish erected <br />
| [[Chalakudy, St. Mary`s Forane Church ]]<br />
| [[Aloor, St. Josephs Parish]] was erected by parishioners.<br />
|-<br />
| 26 January 1966<br />
| Territory Lost from Aloor parish<br />
| Chalakudy, St. Mary`s Forane parish and Aloor St. Josephs parish (partly)<br />
| Vellanchira, Our Lady of Fathima parish was erected<br />
|-<br />
| 7 July 1985<br />
| Territory Lost from Aloor parish<br />
| Aloor, St. Josephs Church <br />
| Anathadam, St. Thomas parish was erected <br />
|-<br />
| 1 January 2006<br />
| Territory Lost from Aloor parish<br />
| Aloor, St. Josephs Church (major portion), Kallettumkara and Anathadam (partly)<br />
| Aloor Junction(west), Prasadavaranatha parish was erected<br />
|-<br />
| 15 August 2007<br />
| Territory Lost from Aloor parish<br />
| Aloor, St. Josephs Church<br />
| Kalvarikunnu, Our Lady of Dolours parish was erected<br />
|-<br />
| 15 August 2022<br />
| Territory Lost from Aloor parish<br />
| Aloor, St. Josephs Church, Karoor St.Marys Rosary church, Vellanchira, Our Lady of Fathima church<br />
| Sholayar, St. Mariam Thresia parish was erected<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Aloor is a village 25&nbsp;km towards north east of Muziris (Kodungallur)—the cradle of [[Christianity in India]]—where Saint [[Thomas the Apostle]] arrived in Malabar in AD 52 for evangelisation. The Christian community existed in Aloor from a very ancient period, depending on the churches at Ambazhakkad (300 AD), Chalakudy (600 AD) and Velayanad (900 AD) for their liturgical needs. In 1790, the churches at Ambazhakkad, Velayanad and Thazhekad were ravaged and many laymen were martyred for faith during the invasion of [[Tipu Sultan]]'s army to the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]] and [[Travancore]]. The need for a new church was aroused in the region due to the loss of their ancient churches and influx of laity from surrounding regions. The Syrian Catholic community was forced to depend on the Vicariate Apostolic of Verapoly during this period after the suppression of the Syrian Padruado Archdiocese of [[Kodungallur|Cranganore]] (1838). They paid little attention to request made by the people for the sanctioning of a new church here.<br />
<br />
==1858–1868: Struggle for liturgy and hierarchy ==<br />
<br />
The pleas of the Syrian Catholic community for their church at Aloor were denied during the period of the bishops Ludovico Nartini (1839–1859) and Bernardino Baccinelli (1859–1868) of the Vicariate of Verapoly. The community leaders also made repeated pleas to both the Pope and the [[Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Babylon|Chaldean Syrian Catholic Patriarch of Babylonia]], who had the jurisdiction over the Catholics Syrians in India until 1865, for their own bishop and liturgy. In response these pleas, Patriarch Joseph VI Audo (the Chaldean Patriarch) sent a request to [[Pope Pius IX]] for the Catholic Syrians in Malabar to be placed under his authority. He dispatched Mar Thomas Rokos, bishop of Basra (1861) and Mar Elias Mellus, Bishop of 'Aqra (1874), to visit the Catholic Syrian Christians. They had substantial success in convincing Catholic Syrians in Thrissur District, from Chalakudy to Palayur (Chavakkad).<br />
<br />
The Syrian Catholic community in Aloor aligned with the prominent parishes like Our Lady of Dolours Church Thrissur, St Thomas Church Palayur, St George’s Church (now St. Thomas Cathedral), Irinjalakuda, etc. in the movement for their own bishop and liturgy. It was a natural response of the people who were reeling under the yoke of unmindful latinization by the missionaries and the Bishops and the requests for a native bishop fell in deaf ears. The Syrian Catholic community later understood that these bishops had come without the knowledge of the Pope and the community continued in obedience with Rome.<br />
<br />
In 1865, the jurisdiction of the East Syrian Patriarch over the Syrian Catholics in India was formally terminated by the Apostolic See.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.papalencyclicals.net/pius09/p9quaein.htm|title=Quae In Patriarchatu|date=16 November 1872}}</ref> In 1868, Leonardo Mellano became the bishop of Verapoly and he gave approval for the church at Aloor. The Syrian Catholic community continued their struggle to have a hierarchy of its own rite—with native Bishops. Rome sent a few apostolic visitors to study the situation of leaking. Rev Leo Meurin S J in 1875 and Rev Igantius Pertico in 1876 arrived in Malabar. As a result, the Hierarchy of Syrian Catholics was restored in AD 1887 with the erection of Trichur and Kottayam vicariates for the Syrian Catholic Christians, separating them from the Latin rite Catholics.<br />
<br />
==1868–1872: Approval from Rome==<br />
In 1868, Aloor church got approval from the Vicariate of Verapoly. Thus liturgical services were offered in the small church built in the land donated by the members of Syrian Catholic community in 1858. Pope Pius IX proclaimed [[Saint Joseph]] the patron and protector of the Universal Church in 1870. St. Joseph’s Church, Aloor was elevated to parish status in 1872 under the Vicariate of Verapoly (with 100 families mainly from Chalakudy and Velayanad (Rocos faction) parishes. The huge wooden image (Statue) of the patron of the church for dedication was donated by the Menachery Erinjery family of [[Ollur]], who were great devotees of St. Joseph.<ref>Partition document of the family, 1922, reprinted in the St. Anthony Octingenary Volume, 1996 & elsewhere</ref> When the Syro Malabar hierarchy was re-established in 1887, this prominent parish was placed under the Vicariate of Thrissur (now the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Thrissur]]) as one of the 83 parishes between Bharathapuzha and Periyar rivers, during its erection. In 1937 Aloor parish came under Chalakudy Forane division. In 1978 [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Irinjalakuda]] was erected and Aloor parish was placed under the new eparchy.<br />
<br />
==Filial churches==<br />
During the period of restoration of Syro-Malabar hierarchy in 1887, the area under the territory of [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Irinjalakuda]] consisted of only 20 parishes including Aloor. The Aloor muri region was almost coterminous with the territory of Aloor Parish. The southern border was redefined after the formation of Karoor (1905) and Kuzhikkattussery (1904) parishes. The western border was defined when the Thazhekkad parish (1911) was erected. The Eastern and northern borders were redefined after the formation of Potta and Kodakara parishes respectively. Many parishes and daughter churches were erected from Aloor parish by separating Thazhekkad, Vellanchira (partly), Potta (partly), kodakaraka (partly), Anathadam, Aloor Prasadavaranatha (major portion) and Kalvarikunnu which resulted in the loss of parish territory.<br />
<br />
The baptism records preserved in the church office provides the proof that the laity lived near main road from pulparakunnu to Puthukkavu Junction (now Kodakara Parish) also depended the Aloor church for their liturgical needs. The liturgical needs of the faithful of St. Marys Rosary Church, Karoor were fulfilled by the vicars of Aloor church until 1914. Pastoral care was given to Fatima Matha Church, Vellanchira, St. Thomas Church Anathadam, Prasadavaranatha church Aloor and Vyakulamatha Church, Kalvarikunnu parishes by the vicars of Aloor church until they get independent vicars and parish status. St. Thomas Church Anathadam(1973), Vyakulamatha Church Kalvarikunnu (1994) and Prasadavaranatha Church were erected as the filial churches under Aloor parish. St. Mary's Church, Aloor East (1985)is a filial church which is a part of Aloor St. Joseph Parish.<br />
<br />
==Prayer system==<br />
The Holy Mass, which is called Holy Qurbana in East Syriac Aramaic and means 'Eucharist', is celebrated in its solemn form on Sundays and special occasions. Full length Holy Mass following the Syro-Malabar liturgy and calendar is performed on all days. Currently they celebrate the [[Liturgy of Addai and Mari|Divine Liturgy of Addai and Mari]] in [[Malayalam]].<br />
<br />
==Festivals ==<br />
<br />
The feast of Mar Youseph (Saint Joseph), the patron, is celebrated on the Sunday on or after 23 January, as it is (traditionally) considered as day in which the Joseph Betrothed (kiddushin) to Mary. 'Ambuperunnal' or the feast of [[Epiphany (holiday)|Epiphany]] and Mar Sebastianos Sahada ([[Saint Sebastian]]) is celebrated on the Saturday of the patron’s feast. The feast of [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Saint Mary, Mother of God]] is celebrated on the first Sunday of October. The memorial day of Mar Geevarghis Sahada ([[Saint George]], the martyr) is traditionally celebrated on the Sunday on or after 23 April.<br />
<br />
Pindiperunnal ('Denaha perunnal') or the feast of Epiphany, [[Christmas]] (25 December), [[Easter]], Dukrane d Marthoma (3 July), the [[Nativity of Mary|Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary]] (8 September), [[Holy Week]], and other standard feasts are also observed.<br />
<br />
==Charitable activities ==<br />
A primary school was established in the premises of Aloor church in 1894 which was managed by the parishioners (now St. JBCLPS Aloor). Later it was handed over free of cost to [[Congregation of the Holy Family|CHF sisters]] in 1934. In 1947, the Aloor church donated one acre of land to the government to run a hospital for mothers and children. The church also constructed a building on this land and donated it for the purpose, which serves today as Aloor's primary health center. The government veterinary hospital, village library, and [[Employees' State Insurance|ESI]] hospital also operate from land and buildings donated by the church.<br />
<br />
The church has also constructed and donated many houses in different parts of the parish. In 2008, a social welfare project of Rs 1 Crore was implemented in connection with the sesquicentennial jubilee (150 years) of the first ‘prayer chapel’ of 1858 that was later developed into Aloor church. The Jubilee Nagar was set up on the land donated by the parishioners, and many houses were built for the homeless. Anganwadi of ward 22, Aloor panchayat is functioning in the land provided by the church in Jubilee Nagar.<br />
<br />
==Thazhekad Church==<br />
<br />
[[Thazhekad, Thrissur|Thazhekad]] Church,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thazhekadchurch.com/site/history|title=St. Sebastian's Church|website=www.thazhekadchurch.com}}</ref> dedicated to Marth Mariam, is the first church founded in Aloor panchayath. In the floor of the cross in front of the church is an inscription indicating the church's founding in the year 800 A.D. This community was primarily under the jurisdiction of Ambazhakad and later under the parish of Marth Mariam church, Velayanad.<br />
<br />
===Shasanas===<br />
The [[Thazhekad Sasanam]] (Thazhekad Church privileges) is still preserved in this church. These are the privileges given to the Christian traders and nazrani leaders—Iravi Korthan and Chathan Vadukan of [[Manigramam]]—of this place by [[Rajasimha (Chera)|Rajasimha]] a [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] King (1028–1043) a contemporary of [[Rajendra Chola I]]. The Sasanas are written in the form of "Vattezhuthu" (Kollavarsham, 203–218) (For details see: History of the places of Kerala, Trichur District, p.&nbsp;118 by V.V.K. Valath). The inscription can be dated palaeographically to between the 8th and 10th centuries. The destruction of the port of Thazhekad diminished its commercial importance. The church was ravaged by Tippu Sultan's army, during his invasion of to Cochin and Travancore, between 1789 and 1791.<br />
<br />
In 1861, Fr. Yohannan Chittilappilly, a Syrian Catholic priest, received permission from the Vicariate of Verapoly to construct a new church on Thazhekkad property situated in the northern area of Velayanad parish. But instead of reconstructing the ravaged Thazhekad church, he sought the help of the Anti Rocos faction of Syrian Catholics and constructed [[Infant Jesus Church]] at [[Kallettumkara]] with their support. The Bishop of Verapoly, who was against the struggle for liturgy and hierarchy of Syrian Catholics, suddenly raised this church to parish status in 1861, incorporating a wider area of Kallettumkara, [[Muriyad]], parts of Kaduppassery and Thazhekkad muris of the then Thazhekkad territory, and parts of Kodakara of Mukundapuram taluk. The majority of the Christians of Kuzhikkattussery muri (South of Kundayi Junction to Parambi Road Junction) of Thazhekkad territory were attached to the Puthenchira church at that time. But the Rocos faction of Syrian Catholics of the region remained with the Velayanad parish, and later some of them joined with Aloor parish. When The Thazhekad church was rebuilt in 1911, some of them joined in Thazhekad parish. Infant Jesus Church (1861) is the first church in Kallettumkara muri of Mukundapuram taluk.<br />
<br />
===Pilgrimage===<br />
The Thazhekad church was rebuilt in 1911 as St. Sebastian's church due to the presence of holy icon of St. Sebastian. The church is famous for the feast of Kurisu Muthappan (St. Sebastian) on 2 and 3 May every year. The Archdiocese of Thrissur declared this church as the pilgrim shrine in 1917.<br />
<br />
==Religious institutions==<br />
<br />
Marthoma Centre, Aloor; BLM retreat Centre, Aloor; PACS Kallettumakara; Thiruhridaya Seminaru, Aloor; Shoenstatt Seminary, Aloor; and Kalvari Franciscan Ashram are the other Christian institutions in panchayath territory. The tomb of Blessed Mariam Thressia at Kuzhikkattussery is just one kilometre away from panchayath territory. In the early half of 20th century, a hilly area near Aloor junction was donated to Fr. Andrews Malamel by some members of the community for charity purposes, and later used as summer residences of the Bishop of Thrissur. Fr. Jose Akkarakkaran built a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Grace in 1968. This centre was later developed as the Better Life Movement, Aloor and Prasadavaranatha Parish, Aloor, and so on. The first complete Bible in Malayalam by Fr. Thomas Moothedan was printed from BLM Press, Aloor. ''Kerala Sabha'', the official monthly magazine of the eparchy of Irinjalakuda, is also printed and published here.<br />
<br />
St. Mary's rosary church, Karoor (1905), Fatima matha church, Vellanchira (1953), Our Lady of Grace Church, Thuruthipparambu (1966) & Blessed Mariam Thressia filial church, Sholayar (2006) are the other churches in Aloor village. Mary Immaculate Church, Kuzhikkattussery (1904), St. Alphonsa church, Vallakkunnu (2008), St. Antony's filial church, Thazhekkad south (2006), and St. Mary's filial Church, Kannikkara (2006) are located in Aloor panchayath area. Now these 11 parishes and 4 filial churches of the St Thomas Christians in Aloor panchayath fall under the Syro Malabar Catholic eparchy of Irinjalakuda.<br />
<br />
==Notable people==<br />
===Parish Priests===<br />
#Mar Joseph Irimpan, Bishop of Palghat (1974–1994), former vicar (1968–1971)<br />
#Mar Paul Chittilapilly, Bishop of Kalyan (1988–97), Bishop of Thamarassery (1997–2010), Former Asst. vicar (1966)<br />
#Mar Stephen Chirapanath, Apostolic Visitator to Europe (2016–present) former Asst. vicar (1988)<br />
#Fr. Dr. Vincent Alappat, President Paurastya Vidyapitham, Assistant Parish Priest (1978–1979)<br />
#Mar Sebastian Joby Pozholiparambil, Bishop, Eparchy of Hosur, Assistant parish priest (1982)<br />
<br />
===Parishioners===<br />
#V K Joseph master, Ex MLA<br />
#A C Rappai master, Editor, Gramadhwani<br />
#M P Rappai master, former president, Aloor Panchayath<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Kerala}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Joseph's Church, Aloor}}<br />
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic church buildings]]<br />
[[Category:Churches in Thrissur district]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Churches completed in 1868]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Eastern Catholic church buildings]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=DD_National&diff=468886DD National2026-03-22T05:46:19Z<p>KathieMuriel714: added info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian entertainment television channel}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox television channel<br />
| name = DD National<br />
| logo =<br />
| logo_size = 230px<br />
<br />
| launch_date = {{launch date and age|df=yes|1959|09|15}}<br />
| former_names = Doordarshan TV (1959–1984)<br />DD1 (1984–1993)<br />
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]<br />(downscaled to [[576i]] for the [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] feed)<br />
| owner = [[Prasar Bharati]], [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]<br />
| parent = [[Doordarshan]]<br />
| network = [[Doordarshan]]<br />
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| language = [[Hindi]] <br /> [[English language|English]]<br />
| area = {{plainlist|<br />
* India<br />
* Worldwide<br />
}}<br />
| sister_channels = ''See [[Doordarshan#Channel list | List of channel Doordarshan owned channels]]''<br />
| webcast = [http://www.wavespb.com/pb_live_details?id=pCJbFOnFdustNvuyaK7/Mg==:MTIzNDU2Nzg5MDEyMzQ1Ng== DD National] on Waves<br />
| website = {{url|http://doordarshan.gov.in/ddnational|DD National}}<br />
| terr_serv_1 = [[DVB-T2]] (India)<br />
| terr_chan_1 = Check local frequencies<br />
| terr_serv_2 = DD Free Dish<br />
| terr_chan_2 = Channel 2 (SD)<br />Channel 136 (HD)<br />
| online_chan_2 = {{url|https://www.youtube.com/@Doordarshannational|Official Channel}}<br />
| online_serv_4 = Jio TV+<br />
| online_chan_4 = LCN 114<br />
| online_serv_2 = [[YouTube]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''DD National''' (formerly '''DD1''') is an Indian [[state-owned]] [[entertainment]] [[television channel]], founded by the [[Government of India]], owned by the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]. It is the flagship channel of [[Doordarshan]], launched <br />
on 15 September 1959. India's public service broadcaster, and the oldest and most widely available [[terrestrial television]] channel in India.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.enps.com/news/news_detail.aspx?ID=193 |title=India's largest terrestrial network |agency=Associated Press |access-date=22 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406234806/http://www.enps.com/news/news_detail.aspx?ID=193 |archive-date=6 April 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About – Doordarshan {{!}} Prasar Bharati |url=https://prasarbharati.gov.in/about-doordarshan/ |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=prasarbharati.gov.in |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017192540/https://prasarbharati.gov.in/about-doordarshan/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-15 |title=Doordarshan Day: Carrying the legacy since 1959 |url=https://newsonair.com/2021/09/15/doordarshan-day-carrying-the-legacy-since-1959/ |access-date=2023-10-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927064813/https://newsonair.com/2021/09/15/doordarshan-day-carrying-the-legacy-since-1959/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
=== 1959 to 1982: Beginnings ===<br />
[[File:Old logo of Doordarshan.jpg|thumb|Station identification of Doordarshan during its administration by All India Radio, circa 1960s.]]<br />
On 15 September 1959 at the studio of [[All India Radio]], [[Delhi]], the first TV channel in India started an experimental telecast with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio, adopting the brand ''Doordarshan'', Hindi for television. Until 1965, AIR was responsible for the programming production and overall control over content as the television service began to assume overall production. ''[[Krishi Darshan]]'', ''Chaupaal'', ''Doordarshan Samachar'', and ''Kalyani'' were among the first generation of programmes produced for the channel. In 1976, the split of the TV and radio services was made official with Doordarshan assuming overall control for television broadcasting. By the time the [[Satellite Instructional Television Experiment]] (SITE) commenced in 1975, Doordarshan coordinated with AIR as the producer of programs aired in the targeted areas of several Indian states. It would foreshadow the start of the channel's road to be a nationally aired station. By the time SITE had begun, the channel had only been seen in several major Indian cities, airing in some as a trilingual station with a news service in regional languages. Doordarshan operated using the black and white NTSC format under a UNESCO grant. When television started in neighbouring [[Sri Lanka]], the country opted for the PAL format (which was later adopted by Doordarshan in 1982) and television sets manufactured by Japanese companies saw their sales skyrocket. The stark contrast between Doordarshan's SITE-influenced schedule and ITN Sri Lanka's schedule built mainly on imports showed Doordarshan's inferiority at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Amunugama|first=Sarath|date=2022-11-27|title=Television takes off; JRJ takes over ITN fathered by two of his nephews|url=https://island.lk/television-takes-off-jrj-takes-over-itn-fathered-by-two-of-his-nephews/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-06-07|website=The Island|language=en|archive-date=2023-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607135142/https://island.lk/television-takes-off-jrj-takes-over-itn-fathered-by-two-of-his-nephews/}}</ref><br />
<br />
DD's regional news opt-outs aired on regional stations as a breakaway from programming from New Delhi would plant the seeds for the expansion of the network from one channel to many in the years to come.<br />
<br />
=== 1982 to 1992: Success ===<br />
Doordarshan was a co-partner in the launch of the [[Indian National Satellite System]] in the 1980s and took notice of its potential. The central government, moved by the INSS's successes, began planning to bring Doordarshan as a national channel aired to millions of Indians. On 15 August 1982 on the Indian Independence Day Doordarshan introduced a national colour telecast service from its own TV studio in [[Mandi House]], New Delhi using PAL colour. It broadcast the celebrations in full color from the Red Fort marking the 35th year of India's nationhood.<br />
<br />
On 9 August 1984, as Doordarshan launched its second channel for the metro/urban audience called DD2, the existing first channel was renamed DD1 and started regular transmission of nationwide satellite broadcasts from New Delhi to viewers all over India via a network of regional transmitters. In the same year, DD1 started the telecast of sponsored TV serials which were produced by established filmmakers and many film production firms for the channel. These drama series were sponsored by Indian companies which, with their commercials, brought much needed revenue for the DD network. DD1's ''[[Hum Log (television series)|Hum Log]]'' was the first sponsored TV serial of Indian television and started airing with its series premiere on 7 July 1984.<br />
<br />
After the success of ''Hum Log'', many other TV producers and filmmakers produced many memorable series aired on DD1. Some of them, together with the acquired foreign language programming of the period, were ''[[Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi]]'', ''[[Buniyaad]]'', ''[[Malgudi Days (TV series)|Malgudi Days]]'', ''[[Shrikant (TV series)|Shrikant]]'', ''[[Ramayan (1987 TV series)|Ramayan]]'', ''[[Bharat Ek Khoj]]'', ''[[Mahabharat (1988 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'', ''[[Mirza Ghalib (TV series)|Mirza Ghalib]]'', ''[[The Sword of Tipu Sultan]]'', ''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]'', ''[[The Great Maratha]]'', ''[[Vishwamitra (TV series)|Vishwamitra]]'', ''[[Uttar Ramayan]]'', ''Buddha'', ''[[Surabhi (TV series)|Surabhi]]'', ''Tiltliyan'', ''Taaraa'', ''[[Khandaan (TV series)|Khaandaan]]'', ''13 Panne'', ''Air Hostess'', ''[[Wah Janaab|Waah Janaab]]'', ''Tamas'', ''[[Vikram Aur Betaal|Vikram Aur Betal]]'', ''Tenali Rama'', ''[[Kirdaar]]'', ''Singhasan Battisi'', ''Guldasta'', ''Mrignayani'', ''[[Shrikant (TV series)|Shrikant]]'', ''Sadgati'', ''[[Nukkad]]'', ''Lot Pot'', ''[[Mungerilal Ke Haseen Sapne]]'', ''Bhim Bhawani'', ''Kakkaji Kahin'', ''Paying Guest'', ''Ados Pados'', ''Upannyas'', ''[[Fauji (TV series)|Fauji]]'', ''[[Karamchand]]'', ''[[Byomkesh Bakshi (TV series)|Byomkesh Bakshi]]'', ''[[Samandar (TV series)|Samandar]]'', ''[[Param Vir Chakra (TV series)|Param Vir Chakra]]'', ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya]]'', ''[[Buniyaad]]'', ''Kachchi Dhoop'', ''Chunauti'', ''Mahanagar'', ''[[Phir Wahi Talash]]'', ''Umeed'', ''Subah'', ''[[Mr. Yogi]]'', ''Ek Bhool'', ''Chote Babu'', ''Yugantar'', ''Kehkashan'', ''Yatra'', ''[[Rajani (TV series)|Rajani]]'', ''Street Hawk'', ''[[Udaan (1989 TV series)|Udaan]]'', ''Gaata Jaaye Banjara'', ''Phool Khile Hain Gulsan Gulsan'', ''Pingu,'' ''[[Circus (Indian TV series)|Circus]],'' ''Taaj Mahel'', ''Khubsuraat'', and ''Dada Dadi Ki Kahaniyan''. Many of these productions ended up being high rating successes for DD1. Of these, ''[[Ramayan]]'' ended up not just being DD1's most expensive Indian TV drama of the 80s, but also the highest rating drama of its time. While the first generation of these dramas were filmed in the same manner as Bollywood movies of the period, 1986-87 saw many of these being produced using videotape.<br />
<br />
DD National served as the home for [[NDTV]]'s smash Friday news programme ''The World This Week'' from 1984 to 1995. During those years, DD National also aired NDTV-produced network coverage of federal and state elections and budget deliberations of the Parliament of India.<br />
<br />
=== 1992 to 2010: Competition ===<br />
After the entry of private channels in India, Doordarshan started facing strong competition from [[Zee TV]] in 1992. Even though in those days, cable and satellite channels were not easily available, DD1 was still ruling the chart, as it was the only channel available terrestrially. In 1993, Doordarshan revamped both channels for a stronger competition. DD1 was relaunched as its present name, '''DD National''', while DD2 received the '''[[DD Metro]]''' brand.<br />
<br />
With the telecast of popular TV shows like ''[[Chandrakanta (1994 TV series)|Chandrakanta]]'', ''[[Alif Laila]]'', ''[[Tehkikaat]]'', ''[[Chitrahaar]]'', ''[[Udaan (1989 TV series)|Udaan]]'', ''[[Byomkesh Bakshi (TV series)|Byomkesh Bakshi]]'', ''[[Farmaan]]'', ''[[Katha Sagar]]'', ''[[Neem Ka Ped]]'' and ''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]'', DD National retained viewers and the high ratings, but Doordarshan Board focused more on its sister channel, DD Metro, which was aimed to compete with Zee TV. In the meantime, the channel became one of the popular destinations of TV viewers with its shows like ''[[Junoon (1994 TV series)|Junoon]]'', ''Superhit Muquabala'', and ''Azanabi'', many of its programming being also aired on DD National either on simulcast or tape delay.<br />
<br />
In 1995, when most of the channels like DD Metro, Zee TV, Home TV, [[STAR Plus]] and [[Sony TV]] started focusing on their prime time slots, DD National was still stacked with its role and responsibilities, as at the time it was the only source of news on TV. To provide more entertainment, DD National opened an afternoon slot for housewives, with the telecast of ''Shanti''. To support the success of ''Shanti'', many other shows like ''[[Swabhimaan]]'', ''Farz'', and ''[[Yug (TV series)|Yug]]'' were introduced and all of them were praised.<br />
<br />
In 1997, [[Prasar Bharati]], the parent body of Doordarshan, was formed. While private channels like Zee TV, STAR Plus and Sony TV started airing high budget TV serials from top production houses, DD National was still doing the best in afternoon slots with ''Kasam'', ''Itihaas'', ''Agni'', ''Aprajita'', ''Aurat'', ''Ardhangini'', ''Sanjog, Deewar'', ''Aane Wala Pal'', ''Waqt Ki Raftaar'' and other programs. There were a few notable programs like ''[[India's Most Wanted (TV series)|India's Most Wanted]]'', ''[[Gul Sanobar]]'', ''Surabhi'', ''Noorjahan'', ''Om Namah Shivay'', ''Jai Ganga Maiya'', and ''[[Suraag – The Clue|Suraag]]'' in prime time, but those were not enough to give competition to private channels.<br />
<br />
In late 1997, DD National started airing Mukesh Khanna's ''[[Shaktimaan]]'', which was the blockbuster TV serial in Indian history. In 2000, after tasting success with ''India's Most Wanted'', ''Jasoos Vijay'' and ''Suraag'' in prime time, Prasar Bharati decided to revamp both channels, and many new serials were introduced on DD National, but very few of them were successful because of a limited prime time slots of 9 to 10:30, compared to 8 to 11 for other channels. New channels like [[Sahara TV]] and [[SAB TV]] were also performing better than DD channels in prime time.<br />
<br />
In 2002, DD offered its time slots to popular filmmakers and got some popular shows of the time. Ramanand Sagar's ''Aankhen'', BR Chopra's ''Aap Beeti'', Adhikaari Brothers ''CID Officer'', Kiran Bedi's ''Galti Kiski'', and Time's ''Dishayen'' were telecast on the channels and prized by viewers. In 2003, when DD Metro Channel was converted into DD News, Prasar Bharati focused on its DD national channels, and shows like ''Meher'', ''[[Miss India (TV series)|Miss India]]'', Shikwah, ''Kayamat'', ''Kaanch'', and ''[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (TV Series)|Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]'' were introduced. ''Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani'' achieved unprecedented ratings and became DD National's biggest blockbuster during this period. In 2005, ''Hawayein'' starring [[Ravi Kishan]] and Malini Kapoor became one of the most popular shows and also won a title of Best TV Serial of the Year at the ITA Awards.<br />
<br />
In this period, DD introduced many popular serials like ''Air Hostess'', ''Wo Huye Na hamare'', ''Kyunki Jeena Isi Ka Naam Hai'', ''Tum Dena Sath Mera'', ''Hari Mirchi Lal Mirchi'', ''Soni Mahiwaal'', ''Wheel Smart Shrimati'', ''Krazzy Kiya Re'', ''Chandramukhi'', ''Jo Kahunga Sach Kahunga'', ''Tahreer – Munshi Premchand Ki'', and ''Kashmakash Zindagi Ki''.<br />
<br />
=== 2010 to 2020: Loss of prominence===<br />
At prime time, DD was still not able to compete with private channels, and it also started losing its peak position in afternoon slots to re-runs on other channels. In 2012, DD started airing Ekta Kapoor's ''Pavitra Bandhan'', Sanjay Leela Bhansali's ''Saraswatichandra'' and a few other serials. In 2013, it reduced its window for regional telecasts to 4 PM-7 PM, and stopped airing news at night, which added one and a half hour to its prime time. To enrich the new four-hour long prime time, DD brought TV serials like ''Gora'', ''Bharat Ki Shaan'', Baba Aazmi's ''Yeh Kaha Aa Gaye Hum'', ''Dil Jo Kah Na Saka'', and Sanjeev Kapoor's ''Chef Ki Rasoi''. It also launched a campaign for its afternoon slots, DD Dophar Aapke Ghar, by airing serials like ''Amrita'', ''Anudamini'', ''Aisa Prem Kahan'', and ''Chupau Kaise Laaga Chunari Me Daag''.<br />
<br />
In November 2014, Prasar Bharati revamped DD National with the new slogan, Dēsh Kā Apnā Channel (which translates to "the country's own channel" in [[Hindi]]) with a new theme and serials like ''Happy Homes'', ''[[Khwabon Ke Darmiyan|Khwabon Ke Darmiyaan]]'', ''Khamosh Sa Afsaana'', ''Dard Ka Rishta'', Shama, ''Paltan'', ''Stree Shakti'', ''[[Zindagi Ek Bhanwar]]'', and ''Janmon Ka Bandhan''. Initially, these shows did better, but later, as TRP fell in 2016, Prasar Bharati decided to go for a slot sale policy and invited bids from makers for its 07:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. slot. Serials like [[Krantijyoti Savitribai Phule]], U-Turn, and Munidhar were aired in the afternoon slots. However, the strategy was not enough for its revival.<br />
<br />
In late 2016, the slot sale policy of DD was put on hold by the government. Although many production houses like Balaji Telefilms and SaaiBaba Telefilms had won slots for airing their programs, it could not be commenced as the policy was reported for a review. From 2017, Doordarshan has been repeating programs from its library and does not telecast any new serials.<br />
<br />
=== 2020 to present ===<br />
Due to [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19]], when all other TV channels were stopped shooting for fresh episodes of their serials, Doordarshan decided to re-telecast its blockbuster drama programming from the 1980s and 1990s. DD National telecast repeats of Ramanand Sagar's [[Ramayan (1987 TV series)|Ramayan]], [[Luv Kush]], [[Krishna (TV series)|Shri Krishna]], Mukesh Khanna's [[Shaktimaan]], Shrimaan Shrimati, Shahrukh Khan's Circus, Byomkesh Bakshi, Chanakya, Dekh Bhai Dekh, The Jungle Book and many more. At the same time its sister channel [[DD Bharati]] telecast BR Chopra's [[Mahabharat (1988 TV series)|Mahabharat]], Sai Baba, Alif Laila, and [[B. R. Chopra]]'s [[Vishnu Puran (TV series)|Vishnu Puran]] among many more hit series.<br />
<br />
This move turned out to be a ''Magic Lamp'' for the Doordarshan network, as the rerun broadcasts for these drama productions broke all TRP records. First episode of Ramayana gained the highest TRP rantings since 2015 for all Hindi TV channels of all categories. DD National instantly became 1st in the TRP chart and with its shows Ramayana and Shaktimaan were ranked #1st and #5th, respectively in ratings. Note that, since the 2010s DD National was out of top 10 in Hindi GEC ratings.<br />
<br />
After the end of Ramayan's broadcast, Uttar Ramayan and Shri Krishna too enjoyed the first rank in the BARC's TRP charts.<br />
<br />
Its sister channel [[DD Bharati]], which was even not in notice since its inception in 2000, became the 5th most-watched TV channel in TRP charts, with Mahabharat ranked second in TRP charts.<br />
<br />
Following the success of the reruns, DD National finally regained its status as the country's number 1 television station. Bolstered by high ratings of the programming repeats, Doordarshan launched [[DD Retro]] on 13 April 2020, with its library mainly composed of many of Doordarshan's legendary drama series.<br />
<br />
Shortly after [[Prasar Bharati]] changed its logo, the broadcaster announced the rebranding of DD National, including its logo, which would be in effect from 15 August 2022, coinciding with the celebrations of Indian Independence day and in celebration of 40 years of nationwide broadcasts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://journalismguide.in/dd-national-rebranding-with-new-logo-from-15-aug/|title=DD National Rebranding with New Logo from 15 Aug|date=16 July 2022|access-date=23 July 2022|work=Journalism Guide|archive-date=16 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716025745/https://journalismguide.in/dd-national-rebranding-with-new-logo-from-15-aug/|url-status=live}}</ref> The new logo made its debut on 14 August, one day before the holiday.<br />
<br />
== Notable anchors ==<br />
Over its long journey, being India's biggest public broadcaster, DD National has had a long list of notable anchors. Many on whom are widely recognised faces, distinguished personalities and also people known for their contribution to news and media as well as for their role in popularising Indian art and culture.<br />
<br />
* Minu Talwar<br />
* [[Neelum Sharma]]<br />
* Nidhi Kumar<br />
* [[Pratima Puri]] - the channel's first news reader<br />
* [[Rini Simon Khanna]]<br />
* [[Salma Sultan]]<br />
* [[Shammi Narang]]<br />
* Sunit Tandon<br />
<br />
== Sports broadcasting ==<br />
Usually, all [[One Day International|One Day]] and [[Twenty20]] international [[cricket]] matches involving or hosted by India are shown live on DD National. It also broadcast the [[2014 Men's Hockey World Cup]] matches involving India, and also the semi-final and final matches. The [[ICC Champions Trophy]] was also broadcast by DD National.<br />
<br />
These matches are broadcast under compulsory simulcasts from pay television rightsholders such as [[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]], under laws requiring sporting events of national importance to be simulcast by DD National. In 2017, in response to complaints by [[Tata Play]], the [[Supreme Court of India]] ruled that these simulcasts are only allowed to be carried by on the free-to-air terrestrial and the [[DD Free Dish]] platform, and that DD National must be [[Blackout (broadcasting)|blacked out]] on pay television providers in defense of the pay-television rightsholder when such events are broadcast.<br />
<br />
Since then, Prasar Bharati decided to telecast cricket matches exclusively on the 1.0 feed of [[DD Sports]], being made available for DD Free Dish users, while a different feed, known as DD Sports 2.0, was launched on DTH and cable TV platforms.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/sc-order-dilutes-doordarshan-presence-in-dth-cable-space/articleshow/60218544.cms|title=SC order dilutes Doordarshan presence in DTH, cable space|work=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=2017-10-04|archive-date=16 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616153441/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/sc-order-dilutes-doordarshan-presence-in-dth-cable-space/articleshow/60218544.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Editorial independence ==<br />
The idea of autonomy for the government-controlled Doordarshan was first mooted when the [[Janata Party]] came to power in 1977, in the aftermath of Emergency when the Doordarshan ended up as the government's mouthpiece. The idea was revived when the Janata Dal took office in 1989. The following governments showed no interest in autonomy despite making politically correct noises about autonomy.<ref name="rediff1999">{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/feb/11prasar.htm | title=Rediff On The NeT: Autonomy appears a pipe dream for Doordarshan | work=Rediff.com | date=11 February 1999 | access-date=10 April 2013 | archive-date=7 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004403/http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/feb/11prasar.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Test cards ==<br />
<gallery><br />
SWTestbild.png|[[Telefunken T05]] monochrome [[test card]], used on DD National from 1959 until the early-1980s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk/Test-Cards/Non-UK.html |title=Non-UK Television Test Cards, Tuning Signals, Clocks and Idents |website=www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk |access-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426055220/http://www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk/Test-Cards/Non-UK.html |archive-date=26 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
FuBK square1.png|[[Telefunken FuBK]] variant used on DD National from its launch of colour broadcasts in the early-1980s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thg8Lb8L8b0|title=TV-DX Doordarshan DD1 India 09.04.1992|via=www.youtube.com|access-date=3 May 2022|archive-date=20 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820124244/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thg8Lb8L8b0&t=359s|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Programming==<br />
{{main|List of programs broadcast by DD National}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of television channels in India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://doordarshan.gov.in/ddnational/about-dd-0 Official website]<br />
<br />
{{Terrestrial television channels of India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Doordarshan]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language television channels in India]]<br />
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1959]]<br />
[[Category:Television stations in New Delhi]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aparna_Das&diff=487117Aparna Das2026-03-21T09:35:51Z<p>KathieMuriel714: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actress}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Aparna Das<br />
| image = Aparna Das.jpg<br />
| caption = Aparna in 2023<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1995|09|10|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Muscat]], [[Oman]]<br />
| education = [[Sri Krishna Arts and Science College]], [[Coimbatore]], Tamil Nadu <br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| years_active = 2018–present<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Deepak Parambol]]|2024}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Aparna Das''' (born 10 September 1995) is an Indian actress who acts mainly in [[Malayalam]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films. She made her Malayalam and Tamil Debut with ''[[Njan Prakashan]]'' (2018) and ''[[Beast (2022 Indian film)|Beast]]'' (2022) orderly. Aparna is a recipient of [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress - Tamil]] for ''[[Dada (2023 film)|Dada]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full list of Winners of the 69th SOBHA Filmfare Awards South (Tamil) 2024 {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/full-list-of-winners-of-the-69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-tamil-2024_-67631.html |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Aparna was born on 10 September 1995 to Malayali parents settled in [[Muscat]], [[Oman]]. She completed her primary education from Gangothri English Medium School, Nenmara and [[Indian School, Darsait]]. She is a graduate from [[Sri Krishna Arts and Science College]], [[Coimbatore]].<ref name="dob">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2021 |title=Aparna Das- here's all you need to know about this Vijay's 'Beast' actress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/aparna-das-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-this-vijays-beast-actress/photostory/88046390.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203045408/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/aparna-das-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-this-vijays-beast-actress/photostory/88046390.cms |archive-date=3 December 2021 |access-date=3 December 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> After completing her Post-Graduation degree, she worked as an accountant. She had also worked as model for establishments and magazines during and after her studies.<ref name="dob"/><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
While working in Muscat after completing her master's in business administration, Aparna was cast in the [[Satire (film and television)|satirical]] comedy film ''[[Njan Prakashan]]'' (2018) by [[Sathyan Anthikad]], after he watched one of her [[TikTok]] videos thus making her debut in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsha |date=14 August 2020 |title=Being an Actor Is a Dream Come True – Aparna Das (Actress) |url=https://www.eatmy.news/2020/08/never-admit-to-anything-to-anybody.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929012150/https://www.eatmy.news/2020/08/never-admit-to-anything-to-anybody.html |archive-date=29 September 2020 |access-date=3 December 2021 |website=Eat My News}}</ref> Later she played the female lead in ''[[Manoharam (2019 film)|Manoharam]]'' (2019) opposite [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=George |first=Anjana |date=28 February 2020 |title=Aparna Das talks about how she came into films |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/aparna-das-talks-about-how-she-came-into-films/articleshow/74375090.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601234956/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/aparna-das-talks-about-how-she-came-into-films/articleshow/74375090.cms |archive-date=1 June 2021 |access-date=3 December 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Aparna appeared in the [[Tamil film]] ''[[Beast (2022 Indian film)|Beast]]'' (2022). She also acted in the Tamil movie ''[[Dada (2023 film)|Dada]]'' where her role was appreciated.<ref>{{cite news |title='DaDa' movie review: Kavin, Aparna Das impress in this emotional rollercoaster |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dada-movie-review-kavin-aparna-das-impress-in-this-emotional-rollercoaster/article66491373.ece |date=2023-02-10}}</ref> She also debuted in Telugu with ''[[Aadikeshava]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/malayalam-actors-aparna-das-and-deepak-parambol-to-tie-the-knot/|title = Malayalam actors Aparna Das and Deepak Parambol to tie the knot}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Aparna Das married actor [[Deepak Parambol]] on 24 April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2024 |title=Malayalam actors Aparna Das and Deepak Parambol marry in Kerala; see first pics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/aparna-das-deepak-parambol-wedding-first-pics-malayalam-actors-101713951069558.html |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=24 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424103750/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/aparna-das-deepak-parambol-wedding-first-pics-malayalam-actors-101713951069558.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
{{Pending films key}}<br />
<br />
=== Films ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes !! class="unsortable" | Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || ''[[Njan Prakashan]]'' || Bahuleyan's one-sided lover || ||<ref name=":01">{{Cite web |title=Aparna Das makes the most of Maldives, clicks dreamy pictures! |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/celebrity-travel/2022/05/23/aparna-das-maldives-trip-photo-shoot-vijay-beast.html |access-date=3 April 2023 |website=OnManorama |archive-date=3 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403165015/https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/celebrity-travel/2022/05/23/aparna-das-maldives-trip-photo-shoot-vijay-beast.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || ''[[Manoharam (2019 film)|Manoharam]]'' || Sreeja || ||<ref name=":01"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2 | 2022 || ''[[Beast (2022 Indian film)|Beast]]'' || Aparna || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ||<ref name=":01"/><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Priyan Ottathilanu]]'' || Neena || ||<ref name=":01"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2 | 2023 || ''[[Dada (2023 film)|Dada]]'' || Sindhu || Tamil film <br> Won, [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress - Tamil]]||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kavin-Aparna Das's film titled Dada |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kavin-aparna-dass-film-titled-dada/articleshow/90983092.cms |access-date=13 May 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=21 April 2022 |language=en |archive-date=13 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513062423/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kavin-aparna-dass-film-titled-dada/articleshow/90983092.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aadikeshava]]'' || Vajra || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trailer of Panja Vaisshnav Tej's Aadikeshava is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/nov/20/trailer-of-panja-vaisshnav-tejs-aadikeshava-is-out-49728.html |access-date=26 December 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=20 November 2023 |language=en |archive-date=26 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226173331/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/nov/20/trailer-of-panja-vaisshnav-tejs-aadikeshava-is-out-49728.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3 | 2024 || ''[[Secret Home]]'' || Ayana || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sshivada, Chandhunadh, Aparna Das and Anu Mohan to headline Secret Home |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/feb/28/sshivada-chandhunadh-aparna-das-and-anu-mohan-to-headline-secret-home-40466.html |access-date=3 April 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=28 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=3 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403161540/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/feb/28/sshivada-chandhunadh-aparna-das-and-anu-mohan-to-headline-secret-home-40466.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Secret'' ||Ameya || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=10 July 2024 |title=SN Swamy's directorial debut Secret gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/10/sn-swamys-directorial-debut-secret-gets-a-release-date |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Anand Sreebala]]'' || Sreebala || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arjun Ashokan and Aparna Das-starrer Anand Sreebala launched |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/feb/12/arjun-ashokan-and-aparna-das-starrer-anand-sreebala-to-go-on-floors-soon-51974.html |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=12 February 2024 |language=en |archive-date=12 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212161540/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/feb/12/arjun-ashokan-and-aparna-das-starrer-anand-sreebala-to-go-on-floors-soon-51974.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2025 || ''[[Written & Directed by God]]'' ||Lisy Jijo || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-04-17 |title=Saiju Kurup and Sunny Wayne's Written & Directed by God gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Apr/17/saiju-kurup-and-sunny-waynes-written-directed-by-god-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Music videos ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Language<br />
!{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| ''Neeyam Nizhalil''<br />
| [[Malayalam]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aparna Das |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2021/kochi/whos-the-most-desirable/aparna-das/articleshow/88598737.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208120058/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2021/kochi/whos-the-most-desirable/aparna-das/articleshow/88598737.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=8 February 2022 |access-date=8 February 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 December 2021 }}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{commons category-inline}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|10375007}}<br />
* {{Instagram|aparna.das1}}<br />
<!-- per [[WP:ELMINOFFICIAL]], choose one official website only --><br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Aparna}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1995 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:People from Palakkad district]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rupi_Kaur&diff=457961Rupi Kaur2026-03-15T13:57:09Z<p>KathieMuriel714: brief improved content based on references and updated info per standard format</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian-Canadian poet (born 1992)}}<br />
{{good article}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox poet<br />
| name = Rupi Kaur<br />
| image = Rupi Kaur by Baljit Singh.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Kaur in 2016<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1992|10|4}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]<br />
| nationality = Canadian<br />
| occupation = Author, poet, artist, illustrator, performer<br />
| genre = [[Feminist poetry]] • [[Instapoetry]] • [[Punjabi literature#Diaspora Punjabi literature|Punjabi diaspora poetry]]<br />
| website = {{URL|rupikaur.com}}<br />
| education = [[University of Waterloo]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />
}}<br />
'''Rupi Kaur'''{{efn|pronounced in English: {{IPAc-en|,|r|u:|p|i:|_|ˈ|k|Or}} {{Respell|ROO|pee|_|KOR}}<ref>{{cite AV media |title=Rupi Kaur reads poetry from her collection 'Milk and Honey' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVo4q6xsWNc |publisher=[[Triple J]] |via=[[YouTube]] |date=25 May 2017 |access-date=9 May 2025 |type=video |time=0 seconds}}</ref>}} ({{langx|pa|ਰੂਪੀ ਕੌਰ}}; born 4 October 1992) is an Indian-Canadian poet, illustrator, photographer, and author. Born in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India, Kaur immigrated to Canada at a young age with her family. She began performing poetry in 2009 and rose to fame on [[Instagram]], eventually becoming a popular poet through her three collections of poetry.<br />
<br />
In March 2015, Kaur posted a series of photographs to Instagram depicting herself with menstrual blood stains on her clothing and bedsheets. The photographs were taken as part of a visual rhetoric course at the [[University of Waterloo]] in [[Waterloo, Ontario]], Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-06 |title=How Cultural Bias And Sexism Catapulted The Period Photo That Broke The Internet |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/rupi-kaur-instagram-period-photo-series_n_7213662 |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Instagram removed the images, in response to which Kaur wrote a viral critique of the company's actions. As a result of the incident, Kaur's poetry gained more traction and her initially self-published debut poetry collection, ''[[Milk and Honey (poetry collection)|Milk and Honey]]'' (2014), was reprinted by [[Andrews McMeel Publishing]] to widespread commercial success. Considered to be at the forefront of the "[[Instapoetry]]" style, Kaur's work is simplistic in language and explores South Asian identity, immigration, and femininity. Her childhood and personal life serve as sources of inspiration. Line drawings accompany her poetry with stark subject matter.<br />
<br />
After the success of ''Milk and Honey'', Kaur describes struggling throughout the creation of her second collection, ''[[The Sun and Her Flowers]]'' (2017). Her third collection, ''Home Body'' (2020), is influenced by a desire to feel less pressure for commercial success and the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<br />
<br />
Kaur has a large social media following, particularly on Instagram. Since its release in 2014, her collection ''Milk and Honey'' has sold over 11 million copies and has been translated into 43 languages.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-14 |title=Whether voice of a generation or queen of cringe, Rupi Kaur was a gateway to the world of poetry |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/mar/15/whether-voice-of-a-generation-or-queen-of-cringe-rupi-kaur-was-a-gateway-to-the-world-of-poetry |access-date=2024-10-02 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Kaur's poetry has had mixed critical reception, having been praised for her influence and derided for her verse. Kaur has been included on congratulatory year-end lists by the [[BBC]] and [[Elle (magazine)|''Elle'']]; ''[[The New Republic]]'' controversially called her the "Writer of the Decade".<br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Kaur was born into a [[Sikh]] family in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India, on 4 October 1992.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Fischer|first=Molly|date=3 October 2017|title=The Instagram Poet Outselling Homer Ten to One|url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/10/profile-rupi-kaur-author-of-milk-and-honey.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605114718/https://www.thecut.com/2017/10/profile-rupi-kaur-author-of-milk-and-honey.html|archive-date=5 June 2018|access-date=14 March 2020|website=[[New York (magazine)|The Cut]]|language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last1=Aguiar|first1=Deborah Vieira Pinto|last2=Magaldi|first2=Carolina Alves|date=30 January 2020|title=Rupi Kaur: Women's Writing Tradition in Translation|url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3528322|journal=International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation|language=en|volume=3|issue=1|doi=10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.1.6|doi-broken-date=12 July 2025|ssrn=3528322|access-date=9 June 2021|archive-date=15 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615095736/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3528322|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Pike|first=Naomi|date=29 December 2017|title=The Girls Who Ruled 2017|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/girls-of-the-year-2017|url-status=live|access-date=8 July 2021|website=[[British Vogue]]|language=en-GB|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150134/https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/girls-of-the-year-2017}}</ref> At age three, she immigrated to Canada with her parents.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|last=Fishwick|first=Samuel|date=5 May 2017|title=Rupi Kaur: 'I've never been more aware of my colour'|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/rupi-kaur-i-ve-never-been-more-aware-of-my-colour-a3531171.html|url-status=live|access-date=12 June 2021|website=[[Evening Standard]]|language=en|archive-date=29 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329133032/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/rupi-kaur-i-ve-never-been-more-aware-of-my-colour-a3531171.html}}</ref> Her father had left and was not present for Kaur's birth.<ref name=":44">{{Cite web|last=Rao|first=Sonia|date=11 October 2017|title=Few read poetry, but millions read Rupi Kaur|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2017/10/10/few-read-poetry-but-millions-read-rupi-kaur/WhIaCDVOZJHyWfTMX3uojP/story.html|url-status=live|access-date=18 July 2021|website=[[Boston Globe]]|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150139/https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2017/10/10/few-read-poetry-but-millions-read-rupi-kaur/WhIaCDVOZJHyWfTMX3uojP/story.html}}</ref><ref name=":49">{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|title=One Plus One: Rupi Kaur|date=May 25, 2017|last=Hutcheon|first=Jane|type=Video|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|series=One Plus One|time=6:00-7:00|access-date=21 July 2021|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to financial instability, he would send back supplies suitable for Kaur and her upbringing.<ref name=":49" /> She lived with her parents and three younger siblings in a one-bedroom basement flat, where they slept in the same bed.<ref name=":19" /> Her family eventually settled in [[Brampton]], [[Ontario]], alongside a large [[South Asian diaspora]] community, while Kaur's father worked as a truck driver.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":44" /><ref name=":32" /><br />
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When her father lived in [[Japan]], he would write [[Punjabi poetry]] to Kaur's mother, who practiced painting.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|last=Gopal|first=Vivek|date=1 May 2018|title=Pop-Poet Rupi Kaur Isn't Worrying About Being Unique|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/pop-poet-rupi-kaur-isnt-worrying-about-being-unique/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317180946/https://www.vice.com/en/article/xw75pj/pop-poet-rupi-kaur-isnt-worrying-about-being-unique|archive-date=17 March 2021|access-date=31 March 2021|website=[[Vice Media|Vice]]|language=en}}</ref> At the age of five, Kaur was compelled to take up her mother's hobby of painting; she was given a paintbrush and forced to draw.<ref name="english.colostate.edu">{{Cite web |title=National Poetry Month: Rupi Kaur – English {{!}} Colorado State University |url=https://english.colostate.edu/news/npm-rupi-kaur/ |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=English |date=13 April 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225033845/https://english.colostate.edu/news/npm-rupi-kaur/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Her mother wanted to instill this art in her since it was so close to home.<ref name="english.colostate.edu"/> Kaur recalled that poetry was a recurrent aspect of her faith, spirituality and everyday life: "There were evenings when my dad would sit around for hours, analyzing a single verse for hours."<ref name=":33">{{Cite web|last=Bozinoski|first=Mónica|date=10 October 2019|title=Rupi Kaur: "When we connect, we feel less alone"|url=https://www.vogue.pt/rupi-kaur-interview|url-status=live|access-date=3 July 2021|website=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150140/https://www.vogue.pt/rupi-kaur-interview}}</ref> As a child, Kaur would find herself embarrassed by her mother's accent and try to distance herself.<ref name=":15">{{Cite magazine|last=Carlin|first=Shannon|date=21 December 2017|title=Meet Rupi Kaur, Queen of the 'Instapoets'|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/meet-rupi-kaur-queen-of-the-instapoets-129262/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501150516/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/meet-rupi-kaur-queen-of-the-instapoets-129262/|archive-date=1 May 2020|access-date=14 March 2020|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Kaur was generally self-conscious about her identity.<ref name=":33" /> Her mother was occasionally distant to Kaur, as a result of her family and culture, particularly when Kaur was on her period; menstruating, alongside her childhood abuse, often left Kaur debilitated.<ref name=":24" /> Her relationship with her parents, in particular her mother, became turbulent in her adolescence; there were extensive arguments over mundane activities that Kaur later interpreted as a result of wishing to preserve their original culture.<ref>{{Cite podcast|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/w3cswp5z|title=Rupi Kaur: Rewriting the Migration Narrative|website=The Cultural Frontline|publisher=[[BBC]]|host=[[Tina Daheley]]|date=June 2, 2018|time=2:30-2:38|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721134629/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/w3cswp5z|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":63" /> As a young child she witnessed relatives and friends experience domestic violence or sexual abuse; watching her parents be subject to racism, she inferred, resulted in her coy disposition.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vaz|first=Wynat|date=14 June 2017|title=The Female Gaze: Rupi Kaur on The Freedom of Expression|url=https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/the-female-gaze-rupi-kaur-on-the-freedom-of-expression|url-status=live|access-date=18 July 2021|website=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]]|language=en-US|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517163856/https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/the-female-gaze-rupi-kaur-on-the-freedom-of-expression}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kartung|first=Kaylee|author-link=Kaylee Hartung|date=April 21, 2021|title=Video Poet Rupi Kaur brings poetry to new heights with special, 'Rupi Kaur Live'|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Culture/video/poet-rupi-kaur-brings-poetry-heights-special-rupi-77210247|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-31|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|language=en|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104142707/https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Culture/video/poet-rupi-kaur-brings-poetry-heights-special-rupi-77210247}}</ref> Her environment growing up led to her developing what she deemed "constant survival mode".<ref>{{Cite podcast|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/wednesday-dec-2-2020-rupi-kaur-meichi-ng-and-more-1.5823357/rupi-kaur-on-home-body-depression-and-the-viral-photo-that-changed-her-life-1.5823361|title=Rupi Kaur on Home Body, depression and the viral photo that changed her life|website=[[Q (radio show)|Q]]|publisher=[[CBC Radio]]|host=[[Tom Power]]|date=December 2, 2020|time=9:10 – 9:20|access-date=August 3, 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602092311/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/wednesday-dec-2-2020-rupi-kaur-meichi-ng-and-more-1.5823357/rupi-kaur-on-home-body-depression-and-the-viral-photo-that-changed-her-life-1.5823361|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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She performed [[kirtan]] and [[Indian classical music]] for several years.<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":20">{{Cite magazine|last=Biedenharn|first=Isabella|date=13 October 2017|title=Instagram sensation Rupi Kaur doesn't have social media on her phone|url=https://ew.com/books/2017/10/13/instagram-sensation-rupi-kaur-doesnt-have-social-media-on-her-phone/|url-status=live|access-date=15 June 2021|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|language=en|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113050027/https://ew.com/books/2017/10/13/instagram-sensation-rupi-kaur-doesnt-have-social-media-on-her-phone/}}</ref> Kaur aspired to be an astronaut or a social worker or a fashion designer; her ambitions changed frequently and her father prohibited her from studying the latter subject in university.<ref name=":24" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Jain|first=Atishsa|date=22 October 2016|title=A poet and rebel: How Insta-sensation Rupi Kaur forced her way to global fame|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/a-poet-and-a-rebel-how-insta-sensation-rupi-kaur-forced-her-way-into-the-global-bestseller-lists/story-DCbkk7EBMxrSjdoFsxQmDM.html|url-status=live|access-date=8 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421090020/http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/a-poet-and-a-rebel-how-insta-sensation-rupi-kaur-forced-her-way-into-the-global-bestseller-lists/story-DCbkk7EBMxrSjdoFsxQmDM.html|archive-date=21 April 2017}}</ref> She expressed an interest in reading from a young age, finding it relieved her loneliness.<ref name=":16" /> Her interest was hindered by having English as a second language, first learning it at age 10, although she considered her affinity for books as akin to a friendship.<ref name=":19" /><ref name=":61">{{Cite web|last=Patrick|first=Ryan B.|date=November 4, 2021|title='Leave your heart on the line and take the risk': Rupi Kaur on poetry, success & hosting the Giller Prize|url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/leave-your-heart-on-the-line-and-take-the-risk-rupi-kaur-on-poetry-success-hosting-the-giller-prize-1.6234417|url-status=live|access-date=December 24, 2021|website=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927215234/https://www.cbc.ca/books/leave-your-heart-on-the-line-and-take-the-risk-rupi-kaur-on-poetry-success-hosting-the-giller-prize-1.6234417}}</ref> Her confidence and social skills grew in fourth grade.<ref name=":63" /><br />
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An initial aversion to English meant Kaur was effectively [[Selective mutism|mute]] for some time.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|title=One Plus One: Rupi Kaur|date=May 25, 2017|last=Hutcheon|first=Jane|type=Video|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|series=One Plus One|time=9:30-9:35|access-date=21 July 2021|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|url-status=live}}</ref> Throughout middle school she partook in "speech competitions", winning one in seventh grade, thus helping her find progress and hope despite isolation and bullying.<ref name=":20" /><ref name=":1" /> According to Kaur, she was an easy target for ridicule due to her outward appearance and vulnerability.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|title=One Plus One: Rupi Kaur|date=May 25, 2017|last=Hutcheon|first=Jane|type=Video|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|series=One Plus One|time=12:20-12:30|access-date=21 July 2021|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|url-status=live}}</ref> Kaur was subject to various comments about her appearance from her parents and peers.<ref name=":64" /> She had begun to grow in confidence following sixth grade and it was writing and performing that led her to "[find] her voice".<ref name=":32" /><ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|title=One Plus One: Rupi Kaur|date=May 25, 2017|last=Hutcheon|first=Jane|type=Video|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|series=One Plus One|time=9:40-10:00|access-date=21 July 2021|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|url-status=live}}</ref> She experienced the low point of her education during high-school, as she sustained, what she considered, toxic care. Her feelings were relieved upon forgoing people who she described as "very dangerous for me".<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|title=One Plus One: Rupi Kaur|date=May 25, 2017|last=Hutcheon|first=Jane|type=Video|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|series=One Plus One|time=13:00-13:40|access-date=21 July 2021|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|url-status=live}}</ref> Poetry brought her comfort as she dealt with being self-conscious – of literature, she read, among others, [[Amrita Pritam]], [[Maya Angelou]], [[Roald Dahl]], [[Dr. Seuss]] and [[J. K. Rowling]].<ref name=":64" /><br />
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== Education ==<br />
Kaur attended [[Turner Fenton Secondary School]] in Brampton, Ontario, Canada, where she began to explore creative writing and poetry. After high school, she pursued a degree at the [[University of Waterloo]], majoring in rhetoric and professional writing.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://poemanalysis.com/rupi-kaur/biography/ | title=Rupi Kaur: The Voice of a Generation }}</ref> She taught creative-writing classes for high school and college students.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9" /> When studying poetry, she said that she would "agonize over each and every word."<ref name=":15" /><br />
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== Career ==<br />
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=== Early work (2009–2013) ===<br />
Kaur first began performing poetry in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marsh|first=Ariana|date=5 January 2018|title=Rupi Kaur and Sloane Stephens's Success Stories Are Total Career Inspiration|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/7-unconventional-success-stories-rupi-kaur-sloane-stephens|url-status=live|access-date=20 June 2021|website=[[Teen Vogue]]|language=en-US|archive-date=19 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619002406/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/7-unconventional-success-stories-rupi-kaur-sloane-stephens}}</ref> Although she found spoken-word poetry "really natural", describing her first show as "Like a damn hug", she'd fidget with the paper above her face, leaving before audiences clapped due to her anxiety.<ref name=":16" /><ref>{{cite podcast|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/schedule-for-tuesday-april-19-2016-1.3542299/micropoet-rupi-kaur-nourishes-readers-with-milk-and-honey-1.3542386|title='Micropoet' Rupi Kaur nourishes readers with Milk and Honey|website=[[Q (radio show)|Q]]|publisher=[[CBC Radio]]|host=[[Shadrach Kabango]]|date=19 April 2016|access-date=26 June 2021|archive-date=25 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625151452/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/schedule-for-tuesday-april-19-2016-1.3542299/micropoet-rupi-kaur-nourishes-readers-with-milk-and-honey-1.3542386|url-status=live}}</ref> Her poetry at first received a lukewarm reception, having been told that she was too aggressive for certain venues or made some people uncomfortable.<ref name=":19" /><ref name=":36">{{Cite web|last=Kassam|first=Ashifa|date=26 August 2016|title=Rupi Kaur: 'There was no market for poetry about trauma, abuse and healing'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/aug/26/rupi-kaur-poetry-canada-instagram-banned-photo|url-status=live|access-date=4 July 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|archive-date=21 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221231524/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/aug/26/rupi-kaur-poetry-canada-instagram-banned-photo}}</ref> "So many people around me early on thought it was absolutely ridiculous".<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Irving|first1=John|author-link=John Irving|last2=VanderMeer|first2=Jeff|author-link2=Jeff VanderMeer|date=September 7, 2017|title=Why Rupi Kaur loves Harry Potter|url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/why-rupi-kaur-loves-harry-potter-1.4279158|url-status=live|access-date=August 2, 2021|website=[[CBC Books]]|archive-date=2 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172715/https://www.cbc.ca/books/why-rupi-kaur-loves-harry-potter-1.4279158}}</ref> Kaur started writing in an attempt to articulate her personal trauma, having just left an abusive relationship – which influenced her decision to perform poetry: "I wanted to find a voice, because I had been voiceless for so long".<ref name=":3">{{cite web|last1=Briscoll|first1=Drogan|title=Feminist Artist Rupi Kaur, Whose Period Photograph Was Removed From Instagram: 'Men Need To See My Work Most'|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/07/23/rupi-kaur-instagram-censorship-artist-period-milk-and-honey_n_7836108.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401030812/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/07/23/rupi-kaur-instagram-censorship-artist-period-milk-and-honey_n_7836108.html|archive-date=1 April 2016|access-date=22 March 2016|website=[[HuffPost]]|date=23 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite podcast|url=https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1891871811872|title='Aren't we all just fighting to be resilient?': Rupi Kaur on womanhood, poetry and her new live show|website=[[Q (radio show)|Q]]|publisher=[[CBC Radio]]|host=[[Tom Power]]|date=30 April 2021|time=1:18-1:28|access-date=26 June 2021|archive-date=6 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306232210/https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1891871811872|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":63" /> At university, her writing became more reflective than before, having previously written about boys she liked and the political changes she wanted to see in the world – although she was, by her own admission, ignorant on the matter, her poems at first lambasted the Canadian government.<ref name=":63" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kahanna|first=Priyanka|date=5 February 2019|title=Incredible Indian Women Across the Globe|language=en-IN|work=[[Vogue India]]|url=https://www.vogue.in/content/incredible-indian-women-achievers-who-are-creating-legacies-across-the-globe|access-date=8 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185029/https://www.vogue.in/content/incredible-indian-women-achievers-who-are-creating-legacies-across-the-globe|url-status=live}}</ref> Kaur would often be in conflict with her parents over her choice to pursue poetry.<ref name=":60">{{Cite web|last=El-Safty|first=Amirah|date=2015-10-06|title=Internet Made the Poetry Star|url=https://thewalrus.ca/internet-made-the-poetry-star/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-31|website=[[The Walrus (magazine)|The Walrus]]|language=en-US|archive-date=7 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407022108/https://thewalrus.ca/internet-made-the-poetry-star/}}</ref><br />
<br />
Throughout high school, Kaur shared her writing anonymously.<ref name=":1" /> She took the stage surname of Kaur because "Kaur is the name of every Sikh woman – brought in to eradicate the [[caste system in India]] – and I thought, wouldn't it be empowering if a young Kaur saw her name in a book store?".<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|last1=Burgum|first1=Becky|last2=George|first2=Amika|date=28 May 2019|title=Rupi Kaur And Amika George: Two Teen Icons Taking On The World|url=https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/culture/a27507537/rupi-kaur-and-amika-george-two-teen-icons-taking-on-the-world/|url-status=live|access-date=18 June 2021|website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|language=en-GB|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150138/https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/culture/a27507537/rupi-kaur-and-amika-george-two-teen-icons-taking-on-the-world/}}</ref>{{efn|Kaur has described the name Singh as "the overarching last name" for her family.<ref>{{Cite podcast|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/wednesday-dec-2-2020-rupi-kaur-meichi-ng-and-more-1.5823357/rupi-kaur-on-home-body-depression-and-the-viral-photo-that-changed-her-life-1.5823361|title=Rupi Kaur on Home Body, depression and the viral photo that changed her life|website=[[Q (radio show)|Q]]|publisher=[[CBC Radio]]|host=[[Tom Power]]|date=December 2, 2020|time=15:40 – 15:50|access-date=August 3, 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602092311/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/wednesday-dec-2-2020-rupi-kaur-meichi-ng-and-more-1.5823357/rupi-kaur-on-home-body-depression-and-the-viral-photo-that-changed-her-life-1.5823361|url-status=live}}</ref>}} From 2013 onward, she began sharing her work without a pseudonym on [[Tumblr]] before moving to [[Instagram]] in 2014 where she started adding simple illustrations.<ref name=":1" /> Around this time, she began to garner a cult following and, at times, had 600 attendees at her shows, her career, thus far, having been subject to "[almost] [[word of mouth]]".<ref name=":37">{{Cite web|last=Szkutak|first=Rebecca|date=10 October 2017|title=How Rupi Kaur used Instagram to transform poetry|url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/culture/how-rupi-kaur-used-instagram-to-transform-poetry|url-status=live|access-date=3 July 2021|website=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.interviewmagazine.com/culture/how-rupi-kaur-used-instagram-to-transform-poetry}}</ref><ref name=":47">{{Cite web|last=Arora|first=Kim|date=27 January 2018|title=There is resistance to Insta-poetry only because it is new: Rupi Kaur|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/interviews/there-is-resistance-to-insta-poetry-only-because-it-is-new-rupi-kaur/articleshow/62669403.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-19|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=5 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805175519/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/interviews/there-is-resistance-to-insta-poetry-only-because-it-is-new-rupi-kaur/articleshow/62669403.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Asmelash|first=Leah|date=October 18, 2021|title=Poetry is experiencing a new golden age, with young writers of color taking the lead|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/poetry-popularity-rising-gorman-kaur-vuong-cec/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-30|website=[[CNN]]|language=en|archive-date=11 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011184918/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/poetry-popularity-rising-gorman-kaur-vuong-cec/index.html}}</ref> Her first poem posted on Instagram regarded a wife coping with her husband's alcoholism; she described the experience as cathartic.<ref name=":45">{{Cite web|last=Vaz|first=Wyanet|date=3 August 2017|title=Instagram Poets Who Took Our Hearts By Storm: Rupi Kaur|url=https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/instagram-poets-who-took-our-hearts-by-storm-rupi-kaur|url-status=live|access-date=18 July 2021|website=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]]|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150144/https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/instagram-poets-who-took-our-hearts-by-storm-rupi-kaur}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== ''Milk and Honey'' (2014–2016) ===<br />
At first submitted her poetry to literary [[Anthology|anthologies]], magazines and journals, to little success.<ref name=":36" /> Kaur's first book, ''[[Milk and Honey (poetry collection)|Milk and Honey]]'', was self-published on [[CreateSpace|Createspace]] on 4 November 2014, after she began work at age 18.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":15" /><ref name="NYT2">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/15/books/review/rupi-kaur-instapoets.html|title=Why Rupi Kaur and Her Peers Are the Most Popular Poets in the World|last=Wilson|first=Carl|date=15 December 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=7 March 2018|archive-date=7 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307214502/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/15/books/review/rupi-kaur-instapoets.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She created the poems in ''Milk and Honey'' "entirely for [herself], with zero concept of book in mind", and sold more than 10,000 copies.<ref name=":31" /><ref name=":39">{{Cite web|last=Kirch|first=Claire|date=6 December 2016|title=PW Notables of the Year: Rupi Kaur|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/people/article/72332-pw-notables-of-the-year-rupi-kaur.html|url-status=live|access-date=5 July 2021|website=[[Publishers Weekly]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150136/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/people/article/72332-pw-notables-of-the-year-rupi-kaur.html}}</ref> Kaur recalled that she was hesitant to submit to magazines or journals because it "felt like I was taking apart [''Milk and Honey''] and throwing things at different walls, hoping they would stick. I feel like it only made sense when it was [collected] because this is a body of work".<ref name=":47" />[[File:Rupi Kaur reading from her book milk and honey in Vancouver - 2017.jpg|thumb|Kaur reading an excerpt from ''Milk and Honey'']]<br />
<br />
In March 2015, as a part of her university photography project, Kaur – intending to challenge prevalent societal [[menstrual taboos]] and the [[objectification of women]] – posted a series of photographs to Instagram depicting herself with menstrual blood stains on her clothing and bed sheets.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite book|last=Faust|first=Gretchen|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1xxrxw.14|title=Digital Environments: Ethnographic Perspectives Across Global Online and Offline Spaces|publisher=Transcript Verlag|year=2017|pages=159–170|jstor=j.ctv1xxrxw.14|isbn=9783837634976|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610091316/https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1xxrxw.14|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Das|first=Nabina|date=2015|title=Blood, Period: In many countries, especially in India, menstruation is a subject of taboo and stigma, which feeds the ego and pride of a misogynist society that objectifies and sexualises women|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24482075|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|volume=50|issue=16|pages=95–96|jstor=24482075|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610172229/https://www.jstor.org/stable/24482075|url-status=live}}</ref> Internet trolls harassed Kaur over the photos, which were twice removed for not complying with the site's [[terms of service]]; Kaur claimed that she was not notified beforehand or given a reason and criticised their censorship as misogynistic and reaffirming what she sought to condemn – deeming the act an "attack on my humanity".<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Gaybor|first=Jacqueline|date=11 November 2020|title=Everyday (online) body politics of menstruation|journal=[[Feminist Media Studies]]|volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=898–913|doi=10.1080/14680777.2020.1847157|s2cid=228869373|issn=1468-0777|doi-access=free|hdl=1765/133069|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Instagram apologized and brought back the images, citing a mistaken removal.<ref name=":12" /><br />
<br />
Her response went viral, credited with bringing Kaur more followers and leading to the subsequent rise in popularity of her poetry.<ref name=":15" /> She later regretted writing her response, finding widespread disdain affected her mental health, experiencing anxiety that "sort of set in and never really left" and suicidal thoughts for a period of time.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|last=Power|first=Tom|date=2 December 2020|title=Rupi Kaur on Home Body, depression and the viral photo that changed her life|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/wednesday-dec-2-2020-rupi-kaur-meichi-ng-and-more-1.5823357/rupi-kaur-on-home-body-depression-and-the-viral-photo-that-changed-her-life-1.5823361|url-status=live|website=[[CBC Radio]]|access-date=12 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602092311/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/wednesday-dec-2-2020-rupi-kaur-meichi-ng-and-more-1.5823357/rupi-kaur-on-home-body-depression-and-the-viral-photo-that-changed-her-life-1.5823361}}</ref><ref name=":54">{{Cite web|last=Mathers|first=Joanna|date=December 21, 2020|title=Rupi Kaur: Meet Poetry's Defiant Darling|url=https://www.viva.co.nz/article/culture-travel/rupi-kaur-interview/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-23|website=[[The New Zealand Herald|Viva]]|language=en-US|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508131342/https://www.viva.co.nz/article/culture-travel/rupi-kaur-interview/}}</ref> That same year, she wrote 10 chapters of a yet unpublished novel.<ref name=":15" /><br />
<br />
As Kaur rose to prominence on social media, ''Milk and Honey'' was re-released by [[Andrews McMeel Publishing]], which saw her work alongside an editor for the first time.<ref name=":5" /> It became a "blockbuster" success and, as of 2017, has sold 2.5 million copies worldwide and translated into 25 languages – the same year, it was the best-selling book in Canada.<ref name=":22">{{Cite news|last=Mezezwa|first=Tariro|date=5 October 2017|title=Rupi Kaur Is Kicking Down the Doors of Publishing|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/05/fashion/rupi-kaur-poetry-the-sun-and-her-flowers.html|url-status=live|access-date=24 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613005511/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/05/fashion/rupi-kaur-poetry-the-sun-and-her-flowers.html|archive-date=13 June 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":27">{{Cite web|title=Here are the bestselling books in Canada of 2017|url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/here-are-the-bestselling-books-in-canada-of-2017-1.4465232|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803144737/https://www.cbc.ca/books/here-are-the-bestselling-books-in-canada-of-2017-1.4465232|archive-date=3 August 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|website=[[CBC Books]]}}</ref> During a poetry reading in 2015, Kaur, upon seeing a line of her fans that extended four street blocks, fully realised the extent of her audience and grew more confident in her poetry as a result.<ref name=":36" /> She performed a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] the next year.<ref>{{Cite web|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=2019-10-04|title=Rupi Kaur weaves a powerful narrative on human trauma and healing|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-positive/rupi-kaur-weaves-a-powerful-narrative-on-human-trauma-and-healing-6051244/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-20|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720190924/https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-positive/rupi-kaur-weaves-a-powerful-narrative-on-human-trauma-and-healing-6051244/}}</ref> Kirsty Melville, publisher and president of AMP, credits the book's success to Kaur's connection to her readers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gross|first=Anisse|date=26 August 2016|title=How To Sell Nearly a Half-Million Copies of a Poetry Book|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/71353-how-to-sell-nearly-a-half-million-copies-of-a-poetry-book.html|url-status=live|access-date=5 July 2021|website=[[Publishers Weekly]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150134/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/71353-how-to-sell-nearly-a-half-million-copies-of-a-poetry-book.html}}</ref><br />
<br />
At age 22, she employed seven people to aid her, as a part of a [[company]] she founded.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|last=Maitland|first=Hayley|date=14 March 2019|title=Instagram Sensation Rupi Kaur Gets Candid About Trolls, Acne, And How To Make It As A Writer|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/instagram-poet-rupi-kaur-interview-2019|url-status=live|access-date=17 June 2021|website=[[British Vogue]]|language=en-GB|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150138/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/instagram-poet-rupi-kaur-interview-2019}}</ref> While writing, her team often manages her social media.<ref name=":38" /> She would later describe the success of ''Milk and Honey'' as surreal, noting a deeply sentimental and inspiring attachment.<ref name=":61" /><br />
<br />
In August 2024, it was one of 13 books banned statewide by Utah's state board of education, on the grounds of its "objective sensitive material."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nesbitt |first1=Carmen |title=It's official: These 13 books are now banned from all public schools in Utah |url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/education/2024/08/02/utah-book-ban-list-these-titles/ |access-date=3 August 2024 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune}}</ref><ref name="Grdn202408">{{cite news |last1=Creamer |first1=Ella |title=Utah outlaws books by Judy Blume and Sarah J Maas in first statewide ban |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/article/2024/aug/07/utah-outlaws-books-by-judy-blume-and-sarah-j-maas-in-first-statewide-ban |access-date=7 August 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=7 August 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== ''The Sun and Her Flowers'' (2017–2019) ===<br />
{{Quote box<br />
| align = right<br />
| quoted = true<br />
| bgcolor = #FFFFF0<br />
| salign = right<br />
| quote = <poem><br />
they convinced me<br />
i only had a few good years left<br />
before i was replaced by a girl younger than me<br />
as though men yield power with age<br />
but women grow into irrelevance<br />
they can keep their lies<br />
for i have just gotten started<br />
i feel as though i just left the womb<br />
my twenties are the warm-up<br />
for what i'm really about to do<br />
wait till you see me in my thirties<br />
now that will be a proper introduction<br />
to the nasty, wild, woman in me,<br />
how can i leave before the party's started<br />
rehearsals begin at forty<br />
i ripen with age<br />
i do not come with an expiration date<br />
and now<br />
for the main event<br />
curtains up at fifty<br />
let's begin the show</poem><br />
| source = ''Timeless''<br />
}}<br />
Following a three-month writing trip in California, and in the same year as her induction into the [[Brampton Arts Walk of Fame]], Kaur's second book, ''[[The Sun and Her Flowers]]'', was published on 3 October 2017.<ref name=":19" /><ref name=":40" /><ref name=":55">{{Cite news|last=Isen|first=Tajja|date=April 27, 2018|title=Poet Rupi Kaur comes full circle with Brampton performance|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books/article-poet-rupi-kaur-comes-full-circle-with-brampton-performance/|access-date=2021-07-31|archive-date=31 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731223122/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books/article-poet-rupi-kaur-comes-full-circle-with-brampton-performance/|url-status=live}}</ref> She views it as a "one long continuous poem that goes on for 250 pages", "which while birthed in Instagram, is a concept that depends on being bound".<ref name=":31" /> As of 2020, the book has sold upwards of a million copies and has been translated into multiple languages.<ref name=":18" /> In 2018, she made nearly $1.4 million from poetry sales.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferguson|first=Donna|date=26 January 2019|title='Keats is dead...': How young women are changing the rules of poetry|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/jan/26/new-generation-young-women-poets|url-status=live|access-date=4 July 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150138/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/jan/26/new-generation-young-women-poets}}</ref> That same year, she performed at the [[Jaipur Literature Festival|Jaipur Literary Festival]]: "It was as if I had waited my whole life for this moment. It was my only show, where I wasn't nervous. The crowd was energetic."<ref name=":25">{{Cite web|last=Bali|first=Etti|date=17 February 2018|title=What Rupi Kaur heard while growing up: 'Can't you just fit in? Eww, you are so Indian!'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/what-rupi-kaur-heard-while-growing-up-can-t-you-just-fit-in-eww-you-are-so-indian/story-gzsR9T5cAjySCYaszUeBlK.html|url-status=live|access-date=25 June 2021|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150138/https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/what-rupi-kaur-heard-while-growing-up-can-t-you-just-fit-in-eww-you-are-so-indian/story-gzsR9T5cAjySCYaszUeBlK.html}}</ref><br />
<br />
While touring the world, she experienced feelings of [[Depression (mood)|depression]] and [[anxiety]].<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|last=Joshi|first=Sonam|date=13 December 2020|title=Everyone said the literary world would laugh at me but I didn't care: Rupi Kaur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/everyone-said-the-literary-world-would-laugh-at-me-but-i-didnt-care-rupi-kaur/articleshow/79698748.cms|url-status=live|access-date=12 June 2021|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218034558/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/everyone-said-the-literary-world-would-laugh-at-me-but-i-didnt-care-rupi-kaur/articleshow/79698748.cms}}</ref> The process of creating ''The Sun and Her Flowers'' and trying to replicate her success affected her mental health, reporting "furious 12-hour [writing] stretches" and 72-hour migraines.<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":56">{{Cite news|last=Medley|first=Mark|date=October 6, 2017|title=Rupi Kaur: The superpoet of Instagram|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/rupi-kaur-the-superpoet-of-instagram/article36516870/|access-date=2021-07-31|archive-date=31 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731223124/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/rupi-kaur-the-superpoet-of-instagram/article36516870/|url-status=live}}</ref> She experienced months of [[writer's block]] and frustration at her work, ultimately calling its creation the "greatest challenge of my life".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rogers|first=Shelagh|date=9 October 2017|title=How Rupi Kaur pushed through writer's block to create her second collection of poems|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thenextchapter/full-episode-july-07-2018-1.4342103/how-rupi-kaur-pushed-through-writer-s-block-to-create-her-second-collection-of-poems-1.4342161|url-status=live|access-date=3 July 2021|website=[[CBC Radio]]|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150131/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thenextchapter/full-episode-july-07-2018-1.4342103/how-rupi-kaur-pushed-through-writer-s-block-to-create-her-second-collection-of-poems-1.4342161}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|title=One Plus One: Rupi Kaur|date=May 25, 2017|last=Hutcheon|first=Jane|type=Video|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|series=One Plus One|time=22:30-22:40|access-date=21 July 2021|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|url-status=live}}</ref> Following its release, she dealt with feelings of burnout – writing the poem "''Timeless''" in response.<ref name=":23" /> These feelings began to subside as she viewed them as transient – aided by [[Elizabeth Gilbert]]'s ''Big Magic,'' which she said "saved my life".''<ref name=":23" />'' By early 2019, she entered therapy to ease her depression and anxiety.<ref name=":18" /><br />
<br />
That year, she was commissioned by [[Penguin Classics]] to write an introduction for a new edition of [[Kahlil Gibran]]'s ''[[The Prophet (book)|The Prophet]]'', in anticipation of that book entering the [[public domain in the United States]] and performed at the [[London Book Fair]].<ref name="New York Times">{{cite news|last=Alter|first=Alexandra|date=29 December 2018|title=New Life for Old Classics, as Their Copyrights Run Out|website=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/29/books/copyright-extension-literature-public-domain.html|url-status=live|access-date=6 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009114831/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/29/books/copyright-extension-literature-public-domain.html/|archive-date=9 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Albanese|first=Andrew|date=15 March 2019|title=London Book Fair 2019: Heard Any Good Poems Lately?|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/international/london-book-fair/article/79577-london-book-fair-2019-heard-any-good-poems-lately.html|url-status=live|access-date=5 July 2021|website=[[Publishers Weekly]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/international/london-book-fair/article/79577-london-book-fair-2019-heard-any-good-poems-lately.html}}</ref> Kaur considers Gibran an influence and has dubbed ''The Prophet'' her "life bible".<ref name="Verve" /><ref>{{Cite web|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=October 10, 2017|title=Rupi Kaur and Shelagh Rogers share some of their favourite books of poetry|url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/rupi-kaur-and-shelagh-rogers-share-some-of-their-favourite-books-of-poetry-1.4343960|url-status=live|access-date=August 2, 2021|website=[[CBC Books]]|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.cbc.ca/books/rupi-kaur-and-shelagh-rogers-share-some-of-their-favourite-books-of-poetry-1.4343960}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== ''Home Body'' and ''Healing Through Words'' (2020–present) ===<br />
Kaur released her third poetry collection, ''Home Body'', on 17 November 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=14 September 2020|title=Rupi Kaur to publish new poetry collection, home body, in Nov. 2020|url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/rupi-kaur-to-publish-new-poetry-collection-home-body-in-nov-2020-1.5723374|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921202338/https://www.cbc.ca/books/rupi-kaur-to-publish-new-poetry-collection-home-body-in-nov-2020-1.5723374|archive-date=21 September 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|website=[[CBC Books]]}}</ref> The collection features illustrations from Kaur and became one of the best-selling books of 2020.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Isaac|first=Paulina Jayne|date=11 December 2020|title=Here Are the Best-Selling Books of 2020|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/books/g34909971/best-selling-books-2020/|url-status=live|access-date=2 July 2021|website=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150138/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/books/g34909971/best-selling-books-2020/}}</ref> Kaur stated that she sought to feel less pressure for commercial profit while writing the collection. She reached out to fellow authors for guidance because she had [[Impostor syndrome|imposter syndrome]] due to ''Milk and Honey''<nowiki/>'s success.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":17" /> She began work on the collection in 2018, during a time of depression, and concluded the process amidst a period of introspection, a by-product of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name=":61" /><ref name=":54" /><br />
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, Kaur moved back in to her parents' house in Brampton and began teaching workshops on [[Instagram Live]], due to feelings of loneliness and fear and a desire to connect with her audience.<ref name=":29">{{Cite web|title=When COVID-19 hit, bestselling poet Rupi Kaur had writer's block — so she started teaching on Instagram|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/thursday-april-30-2020-rupi-kaur-jeff-barnaby-and-more-1.5549282/when-covid-19-hit-bestselling-poet-rupi-kaur-had-writer-s-block-so-she-started-teaching-on-instagram-1.5549292|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718010523/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/thursday-april-30-2020-rupi-kaur-jeff-barnaby-and-more-1.5549282/when-covid-19-hit-bestselling-poet-rupi-kaur-had-writer-s-block-so-she-started-teaching-on-instagram-1.5549292|archive-date=18 July 2020|access-date=19 July 2020|website=[[CBC Radio]]}}</ref> To her students, she emphasizes a natural and therapeutic approach to writing.<ref name=":29" /><br />
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Kaur self-released a poetry special, ''Rupi Kaur Live'', consisting of poetry readings and anecdotes accompanied by visuals and music, in April 2021, after it was turned down by streaming services – Kaur acknowledged that it was an atypical prospect.<ref name=":28">{{Cite web|title=Rupi Kaur Self-Releases Poetry Special After Being Turned Down By Streaming Services: 'A Journey'|url=https://people.com/books/poet-rupi-kaur-self-releases-poetry-special-after-being-turned-down-by-streaming-services/|access-date=9 June 2021|website=[[People (magazine)|People]]|language=en|archive-date=9 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609233445/https://people.com/books/poet-rupi-kaur-self-releases-poetry-special-after-being-turned-down-by-streaming-services/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=13 April 2021|title=Bestselling poet Rupi Kaur releasing on-demand poetry performance film on April 30|url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/bestselling-poet-rupi-kaur-releasing-on-demand-poetry-performance-film-on-april-30-1.5985282|url-status=live|website=[[CBC Books]]|access-date=27 June 2021|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150136/https://www.cbc.ca/books/bestselling-poet-rupi-kaur-releasing-on-demand-poetry-performance-film-on-april-30-1.5985282}}</ref><ref name=":58" /> By August that year it had been released on Amazon Prime in a limited capacity.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zorrilla|first=Mónica Marie|date=2021-08-18|title=Poet Rupi Kaur Gets One-Hour Special on Amazon Prime Video|url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/rupi-kaur-special-amazon-prime-1235043647/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-30|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030223744/https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/rupi-kaur-special-amazon-prime-1235043647/}}</ref> Explaining the impetus, Kaur recalled her separation of performance and prose, attempting to hide the former, and how her eventual marriage of the two styles "in maybe 2016" allowed the show to occur.<ref name=":28" /> In 2021, she performed as a part of a tribute to [[Jack Layton]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=2021-07-18|title=Star-studded event to mark 10th anniversary of Jack Layton's death|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/star-studded-event-to-mark-10th-anniversary-of-jack-laytons-death/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-31|website=[[CTV News]]|language=en|archive-date=31 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731211449/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/star-studded-event-to-mark-10th-anniversary-of-jack-layton-s-death-1.5514307}}</ref><br />
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In 2022, she released her fourth book, ''Healing Through Words''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Healing Through Words |url=https://rupikaur.com/pages/healing-through-words |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Rupi Kaur |language=en}}</ref>. The idea for the book was conceived at Instagram Live writing workshops that she held during the COVID-19 pandemic, and she realized that many of her readers "used writing as a form of self-care." An interactive book with [[free writing]] exercises dedicated to her readers, the book also shares "what my writing process is, how I overcome writer's block, my tips, my tricks."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Schepp |first=Calie |date=July 19, 2022 |title=Poet Rupi Kaur on her upcoming writing book: 'It's meant to send readers on a journey of self-exploration.' |url=https://ew.com/books/rupi-kaur-healing-through-words-interview/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=May 10, 2025}}</ref><br />
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== Artistry and influences ==<br />
Since [[Gurmukhi script]] has no concept of separate lower and upper case, her work is written exclusively in lowercase,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=VanderBeek|first=Conner Singh|date=2 April 2020|title=To be a child of diaspora: The irreconcilable outsider in Sikh discourse|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17448727.2018.1545192|journal=Sikh Formations|volume=16|issue=1–2|pages=187–199|doi=10.1080/17448727.2018.1545192|s2cid=149490129|issn=1744-8727|access-date=9 June 2021|archive-date=15 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615095659/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17448727.2018.1545192|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> using only the period as a form of punctuation; Kaur writes this way to honour the [[Punjabi language]], her [[first language]] that she can speak and read, but limited to write in.<ref>{{Cite web|title=My Story - Rupi Kaur|url=https://rupikaur.com/pages/about-me|access-date=20 June 2021|website=www.rupikaur.com|quote=When I began writing poetry, I could read and understand my mother tongue (Punjabi), but I hadn’t yet developed the skill set to write poetry in it. Punjabi is written in either Shahmukhi or Gurmukhi script.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Donnell|first=Norah|date=26 February 2018|title=Rupi Kaur on the simplicity of her poetry and the rise of "Instapoets"|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rupi-kaur-on-instapoets-the-sun-and-her-flowers/|url-status=live|access-date=20 June 2021|website=[[CBS News]]|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150131/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rupi-kaur-on-instapoets-the-sun-and-her-flowers/}}</ref> She said that she enjoys the equality of letters and that the style reflects her worldview.<ref name=":1" /> The experience of learning English upon moving to Canada and studying poetry has influenced her writing style, subsequently tailoring her work to be accessible, particularly by readers learning English.<ref name=":15" /><ref name="NYT2" /> Kaur has emphasized her poetry's relation to South Asian culture, to the point that she's wary of Western readers fully understanding it.<ref name=":44" /><br />
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Her poems often conclude with either a final italicized line that either identify its audience or articulate its theme or her name.<ref name=":5" /> In her article for ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', [[Tajja Isen]] described this as Kaur's "trademark move" and likened it to the use of a [[hashtag]].<ref name=":55" /> Kaur's style ranges from [[Aphorism|aphoristic]], inspirational and confessional, although her poems aren't "100 percent autobiographical" – the fictional elements being often opaque in regards to their authenticity.<ref name=":32" /><ref name="NYT2" /><ref name=":59">{{Cite journal|last=Ty|first=Eleanor|date=2018|title=Teaching Literatures in the Age of Digital Media|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/698432|journal=[[Canadian Review of Comparative Literature]]|volume=45|issue=2|pages=213–221|doi=10.1353/crc.2018.0020|s2cid=150162170|issn=1913-9659|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kaur's childhood: her fickle temperament, her Sikh identity and her dad's activism – which included Kaur partaking in protests as a child – affected her poems.<ref name=":33" /><ref name=":64" /><br />
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[[File:Rose complete.jpg|thumb|The [[Rose Theatre Brampton|Rose Theatre]], where Kaur regularly performs her poetry<ref name=":32" /> ]] <br />
The writing process begins with her starting on paper and then transferring the "most promising" material to an extended Microsoft Word document.<ref name=":23" /> Oftentimes after this process culminates, she attaches a compelling image along with her poems to complement the verses.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-09|title=5 Reasons Rupi Kaur Is the Poet of Our Times|url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/blog/5-reasons-rupi-kaur-poet-times/|access-date=2022-02-25|website=B&N Reads|language=en-US|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225033843/https://www.barnesandnoble.com/blog/5-reasons-rupi-kaur-poet-times/|url-status=live}}</ref> Lastly, it concludes after she has narrowed the poem to its main elements and she has received affirmation from her sister.<ref name=":45" /> Her printed poems are often excerpts from longer spoken-word work, publishing "the part that really made my stomach turn".<ref name=":64" /> Due to treating writing as a "form of healing", she doesn't consider the audience, solely valuing her response and engagement.<ref name=":60" /> Across all her projects, she maintains "full creative control", contributing towards aspects such as the cover and minutiae of her books.<ref name=":28" /> Kaur has said that she approaches her poetry like running a business and writes "to perform it", seeing the stage as where her ambitions are fully achieved.<ref name=":30">{{Cite web|last=Harumi|first=Luana|date=30 April 2021|title=Rupi Kaur Wants To Give You Hope|url=https://vmagazine.com/article/rupi-kaur-wants-to-give-you-hope/|url-status=live|access-date=3 July 2021|website=[[V (American magazine)|V]]|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150132/https://vmagazine.com/article/rupi-kaur-wants-to-give-you-hope/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Hill|first1=Faith|last2=Yuan|first2=Karen|date=15 October 2018|title=How Instagram Saved Poetry|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/10/rupi-kaur-instagram-poet-entrepreneur/572746/|url-status=live|access-date=6 July 2021|website=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150131/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/10/rupi-kaur-instagram-poet-entrepreneur/572746/}}</ref> Within the context of performance, her use of line breaks and periods represent where she would pause and where a new idea would be introduced, respectively.<ref name="Verve" /><br />
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Her written poetry focuses on design, whereas her performances centre on rhyme, embodiment, narrative and delivery.<ref name=":38" /> She performs in a theatrical manner, at times alongside audience members, and makes use of original music scores and ornate projections.<ref name="Verve">{{Cite web|last=Shaikh|first=Sadaf|date=23 April 2018|title=The Time Of Rupi Kaur In The Era Of A Vexed Generation|url=https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/the-time-of-rupi-kaur-in-the-era-of-a-vexed-generation|url-status=live|access-date=18 July 2021|website=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]]|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150132/https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/the-time-of-rupi-kaur-in-the-era-of-a-vexed-generation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bozorg|first=Shadi|date=December 2, 2021|title=Rupi Kaur Promises to Take Audiences on a 'Deeper Journey' on Her World Tour|url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/rupi-kaur-world-tour-announcement|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-23|website=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]|language=en|archive-date=24 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224000125/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/rupi-kaur-world-tour-announcement}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Obbard |first=Kiera |title=The Instagram Effect: Contemporary Canadian Poetry Online |date=2024-08-27 |publisher=University of Guelph |hdl=10214/28632 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10214/28632 |language=en}}</ref> She often uses humour in her performances as a rhetorical device to tell personal stories of trauma and challenge social inequalities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Obbard |first=Kiera |date=2021-06-01 |title=Feminist humour's disruptive potential: Trevor Noah's Born a Crime: Stories from a South African Childhood and Rupi Kaur's 'I'm taking back my body' |url=https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/ajms_00055_1 |journal=Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies |language=en |volume=10 |issue=Refashioning Stories for Celebrity Counterpublics |pages=169–182 |doi=10.1386/ajms_00055_1 |issn=2001-0818}}</ref> [[Carol Muske-Dukes]] highlighted that, in being a "performative poet", Kaur continues a tradition of "the page enact[ing] [the performance] in the mind".<ref name=":31" /> [[Elisa New]] spotlighted Kaur's proximity and similarities with spoken-word and hip-hop artists.<ref name=":44" />[[File:Rupi_Kaur,_Line_Drawing.jpeg|thumb|An example of Kaur's imagery which uses the central conceit of self-harm]]<br />
Sparse line drawings accompany her poems.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":51">{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=2017-11-01|title=Rupi Kaur reinvents poetry for the social-media generation|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/prospero/2017/11/01/rupi-kaur-reinvents-poetry-for-the-social-media-generation|access-date=2021-07-22|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=22 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722141214/https://www.economist.com/prospero/2017/11/01/rupi-kaur-reinvents-poetry-for-the-social-media-generation|url-status=live}}</ref> They have been compared to [[outsider art]]; her drawings and poetry have seen allusions to childhood artistry.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|last=Alam|first=Rumaan|date=23 December 2019|title=Rupi Kaur Is the Writer of the Decade|magazine=[[The New Republic]]|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/155930/rupi-kaur-writer-decade|url-status=live|access-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229065911/https://newrepublic.com/article/155930/rupi-kaur-writer-decade|archive-date=29 February 2020|issn=0028-6583}}</ref><ref name=":62" /> The [[National Poetry Library]] noted that the art in ''Milk and Honey'', functions like a [[graphic novel]].<ref name=":46">{{Cite web|date=2020-05-04|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=New to Eloans: Tracy K. Smith and Rupi Kaur|url=https://www.nationalpoetrylibrary.org.uk/news-stories/new-eloans-tracy-k-smith-and-rupi-kaur|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-19|website=[[National Poetry Library]]|language=en|archive-date=19 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719132128/https://www.nationalpoetrylibrary.org.uk/news-stories/new-eloans-tracy-k-smith-and-rupi-kaur}}</ref> The style of drawing continues in ''The Sun and Her Flowers.''<ref name=":50" /> Her illustrations, juxtaposed with the poems, are "striking" and "often disturbing", with one, for example, linking self-harm with despair.<ref name=":51" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dean|first=Michelle|date=26 February 2016|title=Instagram poets society: selfie age breeds life into verse and has a new following|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/feb/26/instagram-poets-society-social-media-phenomenon|url-status=live|access-date=4 July 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231131800/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/feb/26/instagram-poets-society-social-media-phenomenon}}</ref> Images that appear in her work include twisting bodies, crawling flowers, and fingers forming the shapes of hearts. Kaur explained that her style is intended to be recognisable and evoke a brand, akin to [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s.<ref name=":51" /> She creates them following their respective poem being written.<ref name=":54" /> Since its inception, Kaur's public image has been denoted as authentic and individual, spiritual and boldly feminist.<ref name=":66">{{Cite journal|last=Pâquet|first=Lili|date=2019|title=Selfie-Help: The Multimodal Appeal of Instagram Poetry|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpcu.12780|journal=[[The Journal of Popular Culture]]|language=en|volume=52|issue=2|pages=296–314|doi=10.1111/jpcu.12780|s2cid=167066039|issn=0022-3840|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227114933/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpcu.12780|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
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Alongside her peers – [[Nayyirah Waheed]], [[Lang Leav]], [[Warsan Shire]] – and other "[[Instapoetry|Instapoets]]", Kaur's plainspoken and free verse poetry is delivered in a "bite-size" manner – some poems only composed of one line.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=Giovanni|first=Chiara|date=4 August 2017|title=The Problem With Rupi Kaur's Poetry|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/chiaragiovanni/the-problem-with-rupi-kaurs-poetry|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108051743/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/chiaragiovanni/the-problem-with-rupi-kaurs-poetry|archive-date=8 January 2020|access-date=31 March 2021|website=[[BuzzFeed News]]|language=en}}</ref> With ''The Sun and Her Flowers'', her poems expanded their length.<ref name="Verve" /> "[W]ith its epigrammatic brevity, plain language, and empowering messages", Kaur's poetry has been said to be emblematic of the common "Instapoet" style.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Millner|first=Maggie|date=2018-06-13|title=Instapoets Prove Powerful in Print|url=https://www.pw.org/content/instapoets_prove_powerful_in_print|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-25|website=[[Poets & Writers]]|language=en|archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225201424/https://www.pw.org/content/instapoets_prove_powerful_in_print}}</ref> Kaur, who dislikes the term "Instapoet", has also been said to belong to a "new generation of migrant writers, a generation who 'sits-in, tweets, posts and broadcasts'".<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|last=Ahsan|first=Sadaf|date=2 January 2020|title=Rupi Kaur may not be MY 'writer of the decade,' but that doesn't mean she isn't THE 'writer of the decade'|language=en-CA|website=[[National Post]]|url=https://nationalpost.com/entertainment/books/rupi-kaur-may-not-be-my-writer-of-the-decade-but-that-doesnt-mean-she-isnt-the-writer-of-the-decade|url-status=live|access-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615095655/https://nationalpost.com/entertainment/books/rupi-kaur-may-not-be-my-writer-of-the-decade-but-that-doesnt-mean-she-isnt-the-writer-of-the-decade|archive-date=15 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Harris|first=Ashleigh|date=3 July 2018|title=Introduction: African Street Literatures and the Global Publishing Go-Slow|journal=English Studies in Africa|volume=61|issue=2|pages=1–8|doi=10.1080/00138398.2018.1540173|issn=0013-8398|s2cid=165665676|doi-access=free}}</ref> She has been said to be possibly the "representative of an entire generation's values and ethos".<ref name=":24" /> She differs from her peers in her focus upon self-care and depiction of pain as intertwined with triumph.<ref name=":63">{{Cite web|last=Groen|first=Danielle|date=November 11, 2016|title=How Rupi Kaur Became the Voice of Her Generation|url=https://www.flare.com/tv-movies/rupi-kaur-milk-and-honey-the-voice-of-her-generation/|url-status=dead|access-date=December 26, 2021|website=[[Flare (magazine)|Flare]]|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118161859/https://www.flare.com/tv-movies/rupi-kaur-milk-and-honey-the-voice-of-her-generation/}}</ref> Kaur has said that she writes for "the generation that's reading my work...I am writing something that is believable to that generation".<ref name=":51" /><br />
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[[Tina Daheley]] and ''[[The New York Times]]''<nowiki/>' Gregory Cowles recognized a candid and lyrical nature in Kaur's poetry with Cowles saying that her "artless vulnerability [is] like a cross between [[Charles Bukowski]] and [[Cat Power]]".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cowles|first=Gregory|date=17 June 2016|title=Inside the List|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/26/books/review/inside-the-list.html|access-date=20 June 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150138/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/26/books/review/inside-the-list.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite podcast|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/w3cswp5z|title=Rupi Kaur: Rewriting the Migration Narrative|website=The Cultural Frontline|publisher=[[BBC]]|host=[[Tina Daheley]]|date=June 2, 2018|time=1:36-1:38|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721134629/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/w3cswp5z|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to her usage of dry, open-ended, and colloquial language, Kaur has been said to break from and reject traditional standards and features of poetry which are held in importance.<ref name=":31">{{Cite web|last=French|first=Agatha|date=12 October 2017|title=Instapoet Rupi Kaur may be controversial, but fans and book sales are on her side|url=https://www.latimes.com/books/la-ca-jc-rupi-kaur-20171012-htmlstory.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 July 2021|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150131/https://www.latimes.com/books/la-ca-jc-rupi-kaur-20171012-htmlstory.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Castillo|first=Rafael|date=2020-01-16|title=2020 will be the year of the independent author|url=https://www.expressnews.com/opinion/commentary/article/Commentary-2020-will-be-the-year-of-the-14981850.php|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-19|website=[[San Antonio Express-News]]|language=en-US|archive-date=19 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719133509/https://www.expressnews.com/opinion/commentary/article/Commentary-2020-will-be-the-year-of-the-14981850.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Euse|first=Erica|date=2017-11-07|title=the cult of rupi kaur|url=https://i-d.co/article/the-cult-of-rupi-kaur/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-20|website=[[i-D]]|language=en|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720115604/https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/evb5ja/the-cult-of-rupi-kaur}}</ref> [[Matthew Zapruder]], Becky Robertson of ''[[Quill & Quire]]'' and Kaur identified a universal quality in her work.<ref name=":31" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Robertson|first=Becky|date=15 December 2016|title=Q&Q staff share their holiday-gift picks|url=https://quillandquire.com/omni/qq-staff-share-their-holiday-gift-picks/|url-status=live|access-date=18 July 2021|website=[[Quill & Quire]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150135/https://quillandquire.com/omni/qq-staff-share-their-holiday-gift-picks/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|title=One Plus One: Rupi Kaur|date=May 25, 2017|last=Hutcheon|first=Jane|type=Video|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|series=One Plus One|time=21:10-21:13|access-date=21 July 2021|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|url-status=live}}</ref> Literature scholar Alyson Miller wrote that Kaur makes use of "gendered yet ostensibly universal themes relating to sexism, trauma, friendship, and violence".<ref name=":65">{{Cite journal|last=Miller|first=Alyson|date=2019|title='Poetry's Beyoncé': On Rupi Kaur and the commodifying effects of instapoetics|url=https://www.axonjournal.com.au/issues/9-1/poetrys-beyonc%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-27|journal=Axon: Creative Explorations|volume=9|issue=1|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227101736/https://www.axonjournal.com.au/issues/9-1/poetrys-beyonc%C3%A9}}</ref><br />
<br />
Following ''Milk and Honey'', she became more selective in regards to publishing her poetry online, having extensively showcased her work online unless embarrassed by the content.<ref name=":20" /> "Over the years, I've distanced myself from it...When the numbers started to grow, I started to overthink things. I felt more pressure to be correct and perfect all the time".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Popa|first=Maya C.|date=29 March 2019|title=What Happens When Verse Goes Viral?|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/new-titles/adult-announcements/article/79678-what-happens-when-verse-goes-viral.html|url-status=live|access-date=18 July 2021|website=[[Publishers Weekly]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150132/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/new-titles/adult-announcements/article/79678-what-happens-when-verse-goes-viral.html}}</ref> Focusing upon "design, marketing, creative writing and branding", Kaur's Instagram account, with 4.5 million followers, fluctuates between photographs of Kaur and her poetry, with South Asian people and iconography as a prominent focus.<ref name=":59" /><ref name=":26">{{Cite web|last=Leszkiewicz|first=Anna|date=6 March 2019|title=Why are we so worried about "Instapoetry"?|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2019/03/instapoetry-rupi-kaur-genre-rm-drake-rh-sin-atticus-hollie-mcnish|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615095654/https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2019/03/instapoetry-rupi-kaur-genre-rm-drake-rh-sin-atticus-hollie-mcnish|archive-date=15 June 2021|access-date=14 September 2019|website=[[New Statesman]]|language=en}}</ref> Using ''The Sun and Her Flowers'' as a base, her poetry special had an "ethereal nature-driven aesthetic", featuring large yellow flower petals around the stage and projected.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":52">{{Cite web|date=2021-04-28|last=Dundas|first=Deborah|title=With an essential worker father and Brampton beset by COVID-19, poet Rupi Kaur celebrates the immigrant working class|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/2021/04/28/with-an-essential-worker-father-and-brampton-beset-by-covid-19-poet-rupi-kaur-wants-to-celebrate-the-immigrant-working-class.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-22|website=[[Toronto Star]]|language=en|archive-date=22 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722160036/https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/2021/04/28/with-an-essential-worker-father-and-brampton-beset-by-covid-19-poet-rupi-kaur-wants-to-celebrate-the-immigrant-working-class.html}}</ref> She refined her aesthetic into a more stylised manner following the release of ''[[Beyoncé (album)|Beyoncé]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite web|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=8 February 2018|title=Beyonce changed my life: Rupi Kaur|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/interviews/beyonce-changed-my-life-rupi-kaur/articleshow/62834261.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-19|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=19 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719150307/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/interviews/beyonce-changed-my-life-rupi-kaur/articleshow/62834261.cms}}</ref> Kaur has described Beyoncé as an influence, as well as Sharon Olds, Marina Abramović, Adele, Kahlil Gibran, Nizzar Qabbani, Amrita Sher-Gil and Frida Kahlo.<ref name=":33" /> Furthermore, Kaur takes inspiration from herself, her friends and her mother.<ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
=== Themes and motifs ===<br />
{{Quote box |align=right |quoted=true |bgcolor=#FFFFF0 |salign=right<br />
|quote =<poem><br />
our work should equip<br />
the next generation of women<br />
to outdo us in every field<br />
this is the legacy we'll leave.</poem><br />
| source= ''Progress'', an example of Kaur's feminist writing.<ref name=":8" />}}Kaur' poetry explores a small selection of themes alongside issues faced by Indian women and immigrants, female trauma and the "[[South Asia]]n experience".<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":22" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|last=Imran|first=Muhammad|date=2018|title=The Sun and Her Flowers: Rupi Kaur. Kansas: Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2017, 248 pages.|url=http://www.e-asianwomen.org/xml/17759/17759.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[Asian Women (journal)|Asian Women]]|volume=34|issue=4|pages=121–124|doi=10.14431/aw.2018.12.34.4.121|s2cid=149459094|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610194421/http://www.e-asianwomen.org/xml/17759/17759.pdf|archive-date=10 June 2021|access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref> Her mother is a subject she treats with reverence in her work and pays tribute to her parents in her poem ''Broken English'' – Kaur credits her mother, due to significant sacrifices made in Kaur's childhood, with her career as a poet.<ref name=":48">{{Cite podcast|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/w3cswp5z|title=Rupi Kaur: Rewriting the Migration Narrative|website=The Cultural Frontline|publisher=[[BBC]]|host=[[Tina Daheley]]|date=June 2, 2018|time=2:40-2:50|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721134629/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/w3cswp5z|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":52" /> [[Eleanor Ty]] wrote that Kaur, through her poetry, "reveals a sophisticated understanding of the psychological complexities of family dynamics".<ref name=":59" /> Although examined differently, her written and performed poetry share the same themes.<ref name=":38">{{Cite web|last=Keswani|first=Sumeet|date=5 June 2016|title=Men must read feminist poetry to know what we go through: Rupi Kaur|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/sumeet-keswani-blog/men-must-read-feminist-poetry-to-know-what-we-go-through-rupi-kaur/|url-status=live|access-date=4 July 2021|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218175849/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/sumeet-keswani-blog/men-must-read-feminist-poetry-to-know-what-we-go-through-rupi-kaur/}}</ref><br />
<br />
Domestic and sexual violence were a particular focus of her initial work and rape related trauma became more explicit after ''Milk and Honey''.<ref name=":20" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Noel-Tod|first=Jeremy|date=15 October 2017|title=Book review: The Sun and Her Flowers by Rupi Kaur|language=en|work=[[The Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/article/sun-her-flowers-rupi-kaur-review-wxrlzcksf|access-date=2 July 2021|issn=0140-0460|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150139/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sun-her-flowers-rupi-kaur-review-wxrlzcksf|url-status=live}}</ref> She explored violence and trauma heavily in her early work because "I had this desire to unpack so many deeper emotions and issues that I'd seen affecting me and so many women around me".<ref name=":37" /> Her poem, ''I'm Taking My Body Back'', concerns her surviving a sexual assault.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|last=Majumdar|first=Anushree|date=4 February 2018|title=Rupi Kaur: The attractive, marketable social media icon critics love to rage at and young Instagrammers flock to|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/first-of-her-name-5050266/|url-status=live|access-date=6 July 2021|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150132/https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/first-of-her-name-5050266/}}</ref> Kaur has admitted that writing about these heavy subjects can be both cathartic and troublesome to her mental wellbeing.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|title=One Plus One: Rupi Kaur|date=May 25, 2017|last=Hutcheon|first=Jane|type=Video|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|series=One Plus One|time=25:00-26:00|access-date=21 July 2021|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|url-status=live}}</ref> She writes in the [[Second-person fiction|second person]] in her most solemn depictions of domestic abuse, "as if [she] is attempting to distance herself from her experience of physical abuse".<ref name=":59" /><br />
<br />
Common cultural metaphors and motifs such as honey, fruit and water arise in her work.<ref name=":62" /> Many of her poems concern "women as a collective".{{Sfn|Saraswati|2021|p=42}} A sense of mystic [[transcendentalism]] can be found, often intertwined with discourse on 'natural' beauty.<ref name=":65" /> ''Milk and Honey'' has themes of abuse, love, loss and healing.<ref name=":8" /> Love serves as her general primary theme.<ref name=":4" /> Feminism, refugees, immigration and her South Asian identity became more prominent in ''The Sun and Her Flowers,'' alongside musings on body dysmorphia, abuse, rape and self-love.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":56" /><ref name=":13" /> Kaur said of the books that they are "inward" and "outward" journeys, respectively; ''The Sun and Her Flowers'' has more breadth of themes.<ref name=":50">{{Cite web|last=Cerón|first=Ella|date=4 October 2017|title=Rupi Kaur Talks "The Sun and Her Flowers" and How She Handles Social Media's Response to Her Work|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/rupi-kaur-the-sun-and-her-flowers-interview|url-status=live|access-date=20 June 2021|website=[[Teen Vogue]]|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218151643/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/rupi-kaur-the-sun-and-her-flowers-interview}}</ref><ref name=":43">{{Cite web|last=Robertson|first=Becky|date=11 December 2017|title=2017 Books of the Year: reviewers' picks {{!}} the sun and her flowers|url=https://quillandquire.com/omni/2017-books-of-the-year-reviewers-picks/|url-status=live|access-date=18 July 2021|website=[[Quill and Quire]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150132/https://quillandquire.com/omni/2017-books-of-the-year-reviewers-picks/}}</ref> Influenced by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], ''Home Body'' examines themes of [[capitalism]], [[productivity]] and mental health, more than before.<ref name=":17" /><br />
<br />
== Reception and impact ==<br />
{{Quote box<br />
| align = right<br />
| quoted = true<br />
| bgcolor = #FFFFF0<br />
| salign = right<br />
| quote = <poem><br />
fall in love with your solitude<br />
</poem><br />
| source = Kaur's most popular poem, from ''Milk and Honey''.<ref name=":26"/>{{efn|Kaur's most popular poems are "usually the unambiguous affirmations".<ref name=":63" />}}<br />
}}<br />
The most popular of the "Instapoets", and dubbed the "[[Oprah Winfrey|Oprah]] of her generation," Chiara Giovanni of [[BuzzFeed News|Buzzfeed News]] noted that Kaur's celebrity – which has led her peer [[Kazim Ali]] to call her perhaps the most famous poet of all time – is "more akin to that of a pop star like [[Ariana Grande|[Ariana] Grande]] than a traditional poet", crediting the accessibility of her poetry for her fame.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":14">{{Cite web|last=Ali|first=Kazim|date=23 October 2017|title=On Instafame & Reading Rupi Kaur by Kazim Ali|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/harriet-books/2017/10/on-rupi-kaur|url-status=live|access-date=20 June 2021|website=[[Poetry Foundation]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150132/https://www.poetryfoundation.org/harriet-books/2017/10/on-rupi-kaur}}</ref><ref name=":41">{{Cite web|last=Pitt|first=Helen|date=1 November 2019|title=Thought poetry was dead? The 'Instapoets' raking it in online would beg to differ|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/thought-poetry-was-dead-the-instapoets-raking-it-in-online-would-beg-to-differ-20191029-p53578.html|url-status=live|access-date=6 July 2021|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102121244/https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/thought-poetry-was-dead-the-instapoets-raking-it-in-online-would-beg-to-differ-20191029-p53578.html}}</ref> Agatha French, writing for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', compared reactions to the announcement of ''The Sun and Her Flowers,'' by Kaur's majority young and female fans, to "the [[Beatlemania|fervent devotion of Beatles fans]]" – she's been credited with "spearhead[ing] the merging of poetry and pop culture".<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":31" /><ref name=":58">{{Cite web|last=Bozorg|first=Shadi|date=September 2, 2021|title=Rupi Kaur, Instagram's Favourite Poet, Shares Her Truth|url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/rupi-kaur-live-interview|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-30|website=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]|language=en|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030225543/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/rupi-kaur-live-interview}}</ref> Her live performances routinely have hundreds of attendees, with turnout, at times, as high as 800 people.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|last1=Choe|first1=Jaywon|last2=Flock|first2=Elizabeth|date=2 January 2018|title=How poet Rupi Kaur became a hero to millions of young women|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/poet-rupi-kaur-reaches-new-audiences-in-a-new-way|url-status=live|access-date=3 July 2021|website=[[PBS]]|language=en-us|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150139/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/poet-rupi-kaur-reaches-new-audiences-in-a-new-way}}</ref><ref name=":39" /><br />
<br />
According to Kaur, her success has "democratised poetry and literature in general" – Kaur also credits Instagram with the perceived democratisation of poetry, feeling that her working class and racial background wouldn't allow her to be published otherwise.<ref name=":17" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rogers|first=Sam|date=2019-03-20|title=The Rise Of The Insta-Poet: 6 Modern Bards You Should Be Following|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/best-poets-on-instagram|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-19|website=[[British Vogue]]|language=en-GB|archive-date=19 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719140819/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/best-poets-on-instagram}}</ref> Regarded as a "pioneer" of the "Instapoet" style, [[Erica Wagner]] noted Kaur's influence in what she called the "biggest overall shift [in reading habits] we've seen in the past decade".<ref name=":46" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wagner|first=Erica|date=10 December 2019|title=How reading has changed in the 2010s|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191210-how-reading-has-changed-in-the-2010s|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-19|website=[[BBC Culture]]|language=en|archive-date=19 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719141527/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191210-how-reading-has-changed-in-the-2010s}}</ref> Kaur has instigated greater focus on poetry by booksellers, American adults and young people.<ref name=":40" /><ref name=":43" /><ref name=":21" /> In 2017, a rise of poetry sales in Canada and in the United Kingdom prompted attribution to Kaur.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Walker|first=Rob|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/oct/07/now-its-the-coolest-thing-rise-of-rupi-kaur-helps-boost-poetry-sales|title='Now it's the coolest thing': rise of Rupi Kaur helps boost poetry sales|date=7 October 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=29 February 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229212010/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/oct/07/now-its-the-coolest-thing-rise-of-rupi-kaur-helps-boost-poetry-sales|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wong|first=Jessica|date=16 December 2018|title=Viral verse: Poets of Instagram inject new life, fresh voices into poetry genre|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/instagram-poets-rupi-atticus-1.4946225|url-status=live|website=[[CBC News]]|access-date=9 June 2021|archive-date=13 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213060229/https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/instagram-poets-rupi-atticus-1.4946225}}</ref><br />
<br />
Fans have praised her for writing about her personal trauma and elevating diversity in a "overwhelmingly" white literary scene.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":8" /> Her poetry has been credited with "inspir[ing] [a] hub of creativity for young black girls"; author Tanya Byrne argued that fellow [[Black and minority ethnic|BAME]] writers should replicate Kaur's self-publishing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Devaney|first=Susan|date=27 November 2020|title=Rupi Kaur's Poetry Inspired This Hub Of Creativity For Young Black Girls|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/black-british-girlhood-ebinehita-iyere|url-status=live|access-date=3 July 2021|website=[[British Vogue]]|language=en-GB|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218151638/https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/black-british-girlhood-ebinehita-iyere}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Byrne|first=Tanya|date=18 August 2017|title='BAME writers must tell their own stories – and we have to be disruptive'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/aug/18/black-and-minority-ethnic-authors-tanya-byrne|url-status=live|access-date=4 July 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150139/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/aug/18/black-and-minority-ethnic-authors-tanya-byrne}}</ref> Her style of [[menstrual activism]] has become "more the norm than the exception", with many [[women of color]] generating similar media attention since Kaur.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Copeman|first1=Jacob|title=Hematologies: The Political Life of Blood in India|last2=Banerjee|first2=Dwaipayan|publisher=[[Cornell University|Cornell Scholarship Online]]|year=2019|isbn=9781501745096|pages=116}}</ref> She has inspired various young poets to begin the practice.<ref name=":21" /> "Kaur has become...a voice for the marginalized", wrote Sadaf Ahsan, for ''[[National Post]];'' literature scholar Lili Pâquet saw such a signifier as resulting from the fallout of her menstrual photographs.<ref name=":62">{{Cite news|last=Ahsan|first=Sadaf|date=Oct 14, 2017|title=Free Verse; how Brampton's Rupi Kaur Defies Her Critics Sadaf Ahsan|work=[[National Post]]|id={{ProQuest|1950794453}}}}</ref><ref name=":66" /> Scholars have characterized her as a "[[Decoloniality|decolonial]] feminist poet".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saraswati |first=L. Ayu |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.18574/nyu/9781479808342.001.0001/html |title=Pain Generation |date=2021 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-1-4798-0835-9 |pages=40 |language= |doi=10.18574/nyu/9781479808342.001.0001 |s2cid=246151924 |access-date=13 September 2022 |archive-date=13 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913153821/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.18574/nyu/9781479808342.001.0001/html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Online reception ===<br />
<br />
Her series of menstrual photographs elicited a very mixed reception.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Saul|first=Heather|date=31 March 2015|title=Menstruation-themed photo series artist 'censored by Instagram' says images are to demystify taboos around periods|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/menstruation-themed-photo-series-artist-censored-instagram-says-images-are-demystify-taboos-around-periods-10144331.html|url-status=live|website=[[The Independent]]|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610212551/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/menstruation-themed-photo-series-artist-censored-instagram-says-images-are-demystify-taboos-around-periods-10144331.html}}</ref> She received death threats, which led to emotional numbness and a subsequent distancing from social media.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|title=One Plus One: Rupi Kaur|date=May 25, 2017|last=Hutcheon|first=Jane|type=Video|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|series=One Plus One|time=19:00-19:20|access-date=21 July 2021|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/one-plus-one/2017-05-25/one-plus-one:-rupi-kaur/8559760|url-status=live}}</ref> In retrospect, [[Amika George]], a British activist who campaigns against period poverty in the United Kingdom, credits Kaur's menstrual photographs with being the "catalyst for opening up the conversation about periods".<ref name=":24" /> Allison Jackson of ''[[The World (radio program)|The World]]'', Jane Helpern of ''[[i-D]]'' and, literary scholar Anna Camilleri espoused similar notions in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/these-female-artists-are-challenging-worlds-perception-womens-bodies|last=Jackson|first=Allison|date=2015|title=These female artists are challenging the world's perception of women's bodies|website=[[The World (radio program)|The World]]|publisher=[[Public Radio International]]|access-date=July 20, 2021|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720103402/https://www.pri.org/stories/these-female-artists-are-challenging-worlds-perception-womens-bodies|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Helpern|first=Jane|date=2015-07-01|title=10 signs that menstruation is modernizing|url=https://i-d.co/article/10-signs-that-menstruation-is-modernizing/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-20|website=[[i-D]]|language=en|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720115603/https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/9kyz5v/10-signs-that-menstruation-is-modernizing}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Camilleri|first=Anna|date=2015|title=Sacrilegious Heroics: Biblical and Byronic Archetypes of the Vengeful Feminine|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/603580|journal=The Byron Journal|volume=43|issue=2|pages=109–120|doi=10.3828/bj.2015.16|s2cid=162964769|issn=1757-0263|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Various feminist artists defended Kaur when her menstrual photographs were taken down.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Poland|first=Bailey|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/48073|title=Haters: Harassment, Abuse, and Violence Online|publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]]|year=2016|isbn=978-1-61234-872-8|pages=220|access-date=31 October 2021|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104125705/https://muse.jhu.edu/book/48073|url-status=live}}</ref> Kaur noted an effect on her friends in Punjab, as they had frank discussions with their families regarding periods.<ref name=":24" /> In response to the reception of her photos, Kaur initially said:{{Blockquote<br />
|text=I know that 50-60% of all comments on every site that covered the story were negative, but that didn't affect me much. What upset me was that people I knew first-hand were reacting badly. These were guys from my own community, who I'd been to high school with, and they were trying to tarnish me rather than the art...People always say my work is so great for women, that it is feminist art. But for me, it's men that need to see it the most. Because it's the misogyny that we need to address, rather than the feminism.<ref name=":3"/>}}Kaur later admitted that for many years internet trolls had "left me broken", having previously dismissed such ideas.<ref name=":23" /> To resolve her dismay, she came to the conclusion that "I'm here to speak my truth and connect with readers, and that's it. None of the negative voices matter in the end".<ref name=":23" /> Her work have been the subject of [[Internet meme|memes]] online, usually in the form of parody poems mocking Kaur's writing style, their prominence having been compared to a [[wikt:cottage industry|cottage industry]].<ref name=":34">{{Cite web|title=Why Do We Love To Hate and Meme Insta-Poet Rupi Kaur?|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/instagram-poet-rupi-kaur-memes-hate-fans-author/|access-date=9 June 2021|website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|date=7 April 2021 |language=en|archive-date=9 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609233445/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5dpn8z/instagram-poet-rupi-kaur-memes-hate-fans-author|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":53">{{Cite web|last=Crawford|first=Blair|date=November 17, 2017|title=Rupi Kaur, the 'Poet of Instagram' wows sellout crowd at Museum of History|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/rupi-kaur-the-poet-of-instagram-wows-sellout-crowd-at-museum-of-history|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-23|website=[[Ottawa Citizen]]|language=en-CA|archive-date=23 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723103224/https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/rupi-kaur-the-poet-of-instagram-wows-sellout-crowd-at-museum-of-history}}</ref> Ahsan described Kaur as a "social media commodity", a status from which she prospers.<ref name=":62" /> In 2017, a book parodying Kaur's poetry, entitled ''Milk and Vine'', was released.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kini|first=Aditi Natasha|date=15 November 2017|title=White Mediocrity Has Propelled This Rupi Kaur Parody Book to the Top of the Best-Seller List|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/milk-vines-viral-white-mediocrity|url-status=live|access-date=20 June 2021|website=[[Teen Vogue]]|language=en-US|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218151641/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/milk-vines-viral-white-mediocrity}}</ref> Kaur considers disdain for the fame her work has garnered to be analogous to the reception of [[contemporary art]], seeing both as disparaged for being "easy".<ref name=":64">{{Cite news|last=Bakshi|first=Asmita|date=October 2, 2017|title=Popstar of poetry: "Insta-poet" Rupi Kaur is at the forefront of a movement embodying short, raw verse, with arbitrary line-breaks and quick, often gut-punch-packing compositions.|work=[[India Today]]|id={{ProQuest|1951480290}}}}</ref><br />
<br />
Waheed and Shire, among Kaur's influences, have accused her of plagiarism.<ref name=":7" /> Claims by Waheed's supporters are based on Kaur and her lack of punctuation and use of honey as a metaphor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 October 2017|title='Instapoet' Rupi Kaur weaves Punjab into her poems|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/instapoet-rupi-kaur-weaves-punjab-into-her-poems/story-XipLyuWsnnYVtKT9RrxdHI.html|url-status=live|access-date=25 June 2021|language=en|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150131/https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/instapoet-rupi-kaur-weaves-punjab-into-her-poems/story-XipLyuWsnnYVtKT9RrxdHI.html}}</ref> Kaur has denied claims of plagiarism, speculating about the likelihood of similar experiences and that their similar themes and use of honey is a "by-product of our times", comparing contemporary concurrent artistic development to that in the [[Renaissance]] or [[Victorian era|Victorian]] periods – Kaur attributing their namesakes as said development.<ref name=":42" /><ref name=":34" /><br />
<br />
=== Critical reception ===<br />
Critics have been less laudatory than general audiences. Kaur has become "something of a polarizing figure in the literary, publishing, and media communities", whose "work is often knocked as being lowbrow or trite, or not in the rich tradition of serious poetry".<ref name=":40">{{Cite web|last=Maher|first=John|date=2 February 2018|title=Can Instagram Make Poems Sell Again?|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/75976-can-instagram-make-poems-sell-again.html|url-status=live|access-date=5 July 2021|website=[[Publishers Weekly]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150131/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/75976-can-instagram-make-poems-sell-again.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Leeder|first=Karen|date=3 July 2018|title='I am a Double-voiced […] Bird': Identity and Voice in Ulrike Almut Sandig's Poetry|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00787191.2018.1503471|url-status=live|journal=[[Oxford German Studies]]|volume=47|issue=3|pages=329–350|doi=10.1080/00787191.2018.1503471|s2cid=166185107|issn=0078-7191|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615095701/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00787191.2018.1503471|archive-date=15 June 2021|access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> Her use of contemporary vernacular has drawn ire.<ref name=":57">{{Cite news|last=Bresge|first=Adina|date=2018-06-08|title=Verse goes viral|language=en|work=[[The Hamilton Spectator]]|url=https://www.thespec.com/entertainment/2018/06/08/verse-goes-viral.html|access-date=2021-08-01|issn=1189-9417|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801095420/https://www.thespec.com/entertainment/2018/06/08/verse-goes-viral.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other criticisms include her work being formulaic, juvenile and attenuated.<ref name=":51" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mann|first=Jagdeesh|date=2017-06-09|title=Rupi Kaur's literary ascent is poetry in motion|url=https://www.straight.com/news/922516/jagdeesh-mann-rupi-kaurs-literary-ascent-poetry-motion|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-20|website=[[The Georgia Straight]]|language=en|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720112951/https://www.straight.com/news/922516/jagdeesh-mann-rupi-kaurs-literary-ascent-poetry-motion}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020|title=Preface: Poetry's Revival and Mr. Wilson|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/756113|journal=[[Logos: A Journal of Catholic Thought and Culture]]|volume=23|issue=3|pages=5–22|doi=10.1353/log.2020.0024|s2cid=242732517|issn=1533-791X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kaur feels that her work can't be "fully reviewed or critiqued through a white lens or a Western one".<ref name=":42" /> Kazim Ali commented that "no criticism has been leveled at Kaur that hasn't been similarly leveled at "actual" poets", citing [[Mary Oliver]], [[Jane Hirshfield]], [[Sharon Olds]] and [[Lucille Clifton]].<ref name=":14" /><br />
<br />
[[Rebecca Watts]] lambasted her poems as "artless" and characterised by "the open denigration of intellectual engagement and rejection of craft" in favour of popularity and accessibility. Priya Khaira-Hanks, writing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', remarked that Kaur's accessibility often led to "over-simplicity".<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Carpani|first=Jessica|date=April 3, 2021|title=No rhyme or reason to publishers, says Britain's most followed poet on Instagram|language=en-GB|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/03/meet-britains-famous-instapoet-says-work-isnt-welcomed-publishing/|access-date=July 3, 2021|issn=0307-1235|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/03/meet-britains-famous-instapoet-says-work-isnt-welcomed-publishing/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":35">{{Cite web|last1=Flood|first1=Alison|last2=Cain|first2=Sian|date=23 January 2018|title=Poetry world split over polemic attacking 'amateur' work by 'young female poets'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jan/23/poetry-world-split-over-polemic-attacking-amateur-work-by-young-female-poets|url-status=live|access-date=4 July 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150133/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jan/23/poetry-world-split-over-polemic-attacking-amateur-work-by-young-female-poets}}</ref> Watts' criticism was both supported and attacked by other poets.<ref name=":35" /> Tajja Isen disparaged what she regarded as an overly explanatory style, particularly when performed, arguing that Kaur's "belated imposition of rhythm" fails to conceal compositional shortcomings.<ref name=":55" /> [[Carl Wilson (writer)|Carl Wilson]] and Khaira-Hanks argued that her mainstream success and personal identity contributed towards people disregarding her work.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|last=Khaira-Hanks|first=Priya|date=4 October 2017|title=Rupi Kaur: the inevitable backlash against Instagram's favourite poet|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2017/oct/04/rupi-kaur-instapoets-the-sun-and-her-flowers|url-status=live|access-date=9 June 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|archive-date=9 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609233447/https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2017/oct/04/rupi-kaur-instapoets-the-sun-and-her-flowers}}</ref><ref name="NYT2" /> Kaur's poetry and her status as a poet has been dismissed and seen to be of inauthentic quality.<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Paterson|first=Don|date=26 January 2018|title=Curses and verses: the spoken-word row splitting the poetry world apart|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jan/26/verses-spoken-word-row-poetry-young-female-poets|url-status=live|access-date=4 July 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150134/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jan/26/verses-spoken-word-row-poetry-young-female-poets}}</ref><br />
<br />
Watts considered Kaur to be more concerned with authenticity than the "traditional craft of poetry".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Manning|first=Maria|date=2021|title=Crafting Authenticity: Reality, Storytelling, and Female Self-Representation through Instapoetry|url=https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/storytelling/vol16/iss2/8|journal=Storytelling, Self, Society|volume=16|issue=2|issn=1550-5340|access-date=23 December 2021|archive-date=23 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223232536/https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/storytelling/vol16/iss2/8/|url-status=live}}</ref> In an essay for ''[[The Baffler]]'', Soraya Roberts chastised Kaur as disingenuously representative of female South Asian oppression, when she is purportedly chiefly concerned with commodification; Pâquet echoed similar sentiments.<ref name=":66" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Roberts|first=Soraya|date=2018-01-24|title=No Filter|url=https://thebaffler.com/latest/instapoetry-roberts|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-27|website=[[The Baffler]]|language=en-US|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227094704/https://thebaffler.com/latest/instapoetry-roberts}}</ref> Kaur's lack of distinction between her personal experiences and collective experiences of trauma has received further criticism.<ref name=":8" /> Alyson Miller viewed Kaur's work as vague and clichéd, citing an example depicting oppression: ''kaur, a woman of sikhi''.<ref name=":65" /><br />
<br />
In 2017, BBC and ''Vogue'' listed Kaur in their lists of women of the year; ''Quill & Quire'' chose ''The Sun and Her Flowers'' for their annual list of the best books.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":43" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=BBC Staff|date=1 November 2017|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-41380265|title=BBC 100 Women 2017: Who is on the list?|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-date=31 March 2019|website=[[BBC]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331214946/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-41380265|url-status=live}}</ref> The next year she was included on ''Forbes'' and [[Elle (magazine)|''Elle'']]'s complimentary lists of emerging artists.<ref name=":41" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Casparis|first=Lena de|date=4 June 2018|title=Introducing The Elle List 2018: 50 Movers And Shakers Of The Moment|url=https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/a21061419/the-elle-list-2018/|url-status=live|access-date=6 June 2021|website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|language=en-GB|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218151633/https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/a21061419/the-elle-list-2018/}}</ref> In 2019, ''[[The New Republic]]'' named Kaur "Writer of the Decade", due to her impact on the medium of poetry; this led to a debate on whether the award was deserved, as well as about her work in general.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":21">{{Cite web|last=Weaver|first=Jackson|date=1 January 2020|title=Instapoet Rupi Kaur's 'writer of the decade' honour rekindles debate on her work, genre|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/rupi-kaur-writer-of-the-decade-1.5411616|url-status=live|access-date=15 June 2021|website=[[CBC Books]]|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218150140/https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/rupi-kaur-writer-of-the-decade-1.5411616}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
During the [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest]], Kaur supported Punjabi farmers in their plight, citing that for "Sikhs, dissent against oppression is nothing new".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/12/16/rupi-kaur-modi-punjab-india-farmer-protests/ |title=History shows Punjab has always taken on tyrants. Modi is no different.|date= 20 December 2020 |work=washingtonpost |access-date=8 March 2024 }}</ref> November 2023, Kaur declined an invitation to attend a [[Diwali]] celebration hosted by US Vice President [[Kamala Harris]] in the [[White House]], citing the Biden administration's continued support of [[Israel]] and its [[War crimes in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war|bombardment of Gaza]], which she called "the collective punishment of a trapped civilian population".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/8/poet-rupi-kaur-declines-biden-diwali-invitation-over-gaza |title=Poet Rupi Kaur snubs White House over support for Israel's Gaza bombardment |date=8 November 2023 |work=Aljazeera |access-date=16 December 2023 |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114164224/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/8/poet-rupi-kaur-declines-biden-diwali-invitation-over-gaza |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Works ==<br />
=== Books ===<br />
*{{cite book |author-mask=Rupi Kaur |date=November 4, 2014 |title=Milk and Honey |title-link=Milk and Honey (poetry collection) |publisher=[[Andrews McMeel Publishing]] |isbn=9781449496364}}<br />
*{{cite book |author-mask=Rupi Kaur |date=October 3, 2017 |title=The Sun and Her Flowers |title-link=The Sun and Her Flowers |publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing |isbn=9781449486792}}<br />
*{{cite book |author-mask=Rupi Kaur |date=November 17, 2020 |title=Home Body |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rDX5DwAAQBAJ |publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing |isbn=9781471196737}}<br />
*{{cite book |author-mask=Rupi Kaur |date=September 27, 2022 |title=Healing Through Words |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXv5zgEACAAJ |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=9781668008683}}<br />
<br />
=== Articles ===<br />
*{{cite news |author-mask=Rupi Kaur |date=December 16, 2020 |title=History shows Punjab has always taken on tyrants. Modi is no different |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/12/16/rupi-kaur-modi-punjab-india-farmer-protests |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=9 September 2023 |url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403045622/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/12/16/rupi-kaur-modi-punjab-india-farmer-protests/|archive-date=April 3, 2021}}<br />
<br />
=== Performance films ===<br />
* ''Rupi Kaur Live'' (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/rupi-kaur-special-amazon-prime-1235043647/|title=Poet Rupi Kaur Gets One-Hour Special on Amazon Prime Video|first=Mónica Marie|last=Zorrilla|date=18 August 2021|work=Variety|access-date=30 October 2021|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030223744/https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/rupi-kaur-special-amazon-prime-1235043647/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Short films ===<br />
* ''Rise'' (2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/new-short-film-spotlights-stacys-pita-chips-initiative-elevate-women-founders-1235503909/|title=New Short Film Spotlights Stacy's Pita Chips Initiative to Elevate Women Founders|first=Jordaan|last=Sanford|date=1 February 2023|access-date=1 February 2024|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325035147/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/new-short-film-spotlights-stacys-pita-chips-initiative-elevate-women-founders-1235503909/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Instapoetry]]<br />
* [[List of Canadian poets]]<br />
* [[List of University of Waterloo people]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{wikiquote}}<br />
{{Library resources box|by=yes|online books=no|viaf=257714778675266822001|lccn=no2015001975}}<br />
* {{official website}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Biography|Canada}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:vvKaur, Rupi}}<br />
[[Category:1992 births]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Canadian poets]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Canadian women writers]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian feminist writers]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian people of Punjabi descent]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian Sikhs]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian spoken word poets]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian women poets]]<br />
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Canada]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian feminists]]<br />
[[Category:Instagram poets]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century women poets]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Brampton]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Punjabi-language poets]]<br />
[[Category:Sikh feminists]]<br />
[[Category:University of Waterloo alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Women writers from Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from Ontario]]<br />
[[Category:Writers who illustrated their own writing]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women poets]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moon_Banerjee&diff=518417Moon Banerjee2026-03-08T14:14:17Z<p>KathieMuriel714: New...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian television actress}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Moonmoon Banerjee <br />
| image =<br />
| birth_date = <br />
| nickname = Mahua<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| occupation = [[Actress]]<br />
| years_active = 1997–present<br />
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagi Kay]]''|''[[Sasural Genda Phool]]''|''[[Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani]]''|''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]''}}<br />
| spouse = Gautam Joglekar (divorced) <br/> {{marriage|Neeraj Sharma|2010}}<br />
| children = Rumeer Sharma (son)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Moonmoon Banerjee''', also known as Mahua,{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} is an Indian television actress who was recognized for the role of Sampada Basu in [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s soap ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' on [[Star Plus]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Exclusive - Moon Banerrjee: Doing something out of the box requires courage |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-moon-banerrjee-doing-something-out-of-the-box-requires-courage/articleshow/119552888.cms |access-date=2025-05-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Additionally, she acted as Panna in ''[[Sasural Genda Phool]]'', as Asha Bose in ''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Moon Banerrjee to play Ssharad Malhotra's mother on 'Musakaan' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/moon-banerrjee-to-play-ssharad-malhotras-mother-on-musakaan/articleshow/66096123.cms |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=6 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=When one thing doesn't work out, there is always something better in store for me: Moon Banerrjee - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/when-one-thing-doesnt-work-out-there-is-always-something-better-in-store-for-me-moon-banerrjee/articleshow/84370957.cms |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=13 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=I am the Bengali language teacher on the set: Moon Banerjee of Kucch Rang Pyar Ke - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-am-the-bengali-language-teacher-on-the-set-moon-banerjee-of-kucch-rang-pyar-ke/articleshow/53383337.cms |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=25 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref> and as Damayanti in ''[[Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani]]''.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} Banerjee most recently starred on [[Star Bharat]]'s ''[[Muskaan (TV series)|Muskaan]]'', where she played Gayatri Singh. She also played Uma Rawat in ''Muskuraane Ki Vajah Tum Ho''.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}<br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Banerjee is married to producer Neeraj Sharma since 2010 and they have a son named Rumeer Sharma who was born on 6 April 2012.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}<br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
! Language<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Yagnam (2004 film)|Yagnam]]''<br />
| Sailaja<br />
| Telugu<br />
| credited as Sameera Banerjee<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Television ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Serial<br />
! Role<br />
|-<br />
| 1997<br />
| ''[[Saturday Suspense]]'' – Duplicate <br />
| Neha (Episode 11)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan = "2" | 1998–1999<br />
| ''[[Chashme Baddoor (TV series)|Chashme Baddoor]]''<br />
| Shanta<br />
|-<br />
| ''Daraar''<br />
| Moonmoon<br />
|-<br />
| 1999–2000<br />
| ''[[Abhimaan (TV series)|Abhimaan]]''<br />
| Kajri<br />
|-<br />
| 2000 <br />
| ''Khauff'' on [[Sony SAB]] – Intezaar: Part 1 & Part 2<br />
| Preeti Rishabh Mathur (Episode 23 & Episode 24)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan = "3" | 2000–2001<br />
| ''Meethi Meethi Baatein''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ghar Ek Mandir (TV series)|Ghar Ek Mandir]]''<br />
| Kittu<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Babul Ki Duwayen Leti Jaa]]''<br />
| Sheetal<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan = "2" | 2001–2002<br />
| ''[[Kkusum]]''<br />
| Ruhi Kapoor<br />
|-<br />
| ''Ek Tukdaa Chaand Ka''<br />
| Ritu<br />
|-<br />
| 2002–2003<br />
| ''[[Kammal]]''<br />
| Shaina Bose<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''[[Awaz – Dil Se Dil Tak]]''<br />
| Ritika Bhaskar Gupta <br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Rooh]]''<br />
| Sucheta (Episode 3)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan = "2" | 2005<br />
| ''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat]]''<br />
| Neha<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rooh]]''<br />
| Priya (Episode 29)<br />
|-<br />
| 2005–2007<br />
| ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]''<br />
| Sampada Anurag Basu<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]''<br />
| Shraddha Ansh Gujral<br />
|-<br />
| 2006–2007<br />
| ''[[Risshton Ki Dor]]''<br />
| ACP Neha<br />
|-<br />
| 2010–2011<br />
| ''[[Sasural Genda Phool]]''<br />
| Panna Kashyap / Panna Raunak Sharma<br />
|-<br />
| 2015–2016<br />
| ''[[Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani]]''<br />
| Damayanti <br />
|-<br />
| 2016–2017<br />
| ''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Bose |first=Ishani |date=1 September 2017 |title=Kuch Rang Pyaar Ke Aise Bhi To Return By Month End? |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/actress-moon-banerjee-made-these-3-revelations-of-the-second-season-of-the-show-read-exclusive-2442232/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=India News, Breaking News {{!}} India.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
| Asha Vijay Bose<br />
|-<br />
| 2018–2020<br />
| ''[[Muskaan (TV series)|Muskaan]]''<br />
| Gayatri Teerath Singh<br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
| ''Muskuraane Ki Vajah Tum Ho''<br />
| Uma Rawat<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2023<br />
| ''[[Sasural Simar Ka 2]]''<br />
| Sandhya Gajendra Oswal<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]''<br />
| Geetanjali Bagchi / Geetanjali Ramakant Pujari<br />
|-<br />
| 2024<br />
| ''[[Doree (TV series)|Doree]]''<br />
| Maya<br />
|-<br />
| 2025<br />
| ''[[Noyontara]]''<br />
| Paulomi Sengupta<br />
|-<br />
| 2026–present<br />
| ''Hey Bhagwan – Kitna Badal Gaya Insaan!''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|3286086}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Banerjee, Moon}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aap_Beati&diff=455867Aap Beati2026-03-03T23:36:18Z<p>KathieMuriel714: enhanced structure based on references for accuracy</p>
<hr />
<div>{{distinct|Aap Beati (Kandhlawi)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Aap Beati<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = <br />
| director = [[Mohan Kumar (director)|Mohan Kumar]]<br />
| producer = Mohan Kumar<br />
| writer = <br />
| narrator = <br />
| starring = [[Shashi Kapoor]]<br>[[Hema Malini]]<br>[[Ashok Kumar]]<br />
| music = [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editing = <br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|1976}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Aap Beati''''' is a 1976 Hindi film. Produced and directed by Mohan Kumar, the film stars [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Hema Malini]], [[Ashok Kumar]], [[Nirupa Roy]], [[Prem Nath|Premnath]], [[Aruna Irani]], [[Helen Jairag Richardson|Helen]], [[Asrani]], [[Sujit Kumar]] and [[Madan Puri]]. The film's music is by [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]].<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
The Kapoor family consists of Kishorilal, his wife Laajo, son, Prakash, and daughter, Geeta. Kishorilal and Geeta toil hard to ensure that Prakash gets a good education so he can study in America, return home and repay the loans that the family has taken. Prakash does get to complete his studies, he also travels to America, upgrades, and returns home to be employed as Kishorilal's boss. Then Prakash marries Reena, who comes from a wealthy family and moves in with them. Geeta confides in Reena that she has met a young man, Ranjeet, and they love each other and want to marry. The family is overjoyed, but their joy is short-lived when Ranjeet's father, Mayadas asks him to marry the daughter of a wealthy man. When he refuses, he is asked to leave. Reena wants a better lifestyle and convinces Prakash to not only move out, but also not have anything to do with his parents and their loans. The onus is once again on Kishorilal and Geeta to repay the loan, but Kishorilal becomes ill and is unable to work. Geeta gets the chance to travel to Paris for three weeks to further her career. When she returns, nothing is the same anymore. Her mother has lost her vision in a fire, her father has died, and a deadbeat Ranjeet considers criminal activity to stay alive.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Ashok Kumar]] as Kishorilal Kapoor<br />
* [[Shashi Kapoor]] as Ranjeet<br />
* [[Hema Malini]] as Geeta Kapoor<br />
* [[Nirupa Roy]] as Laajo Kapoor<br />
* [[Prem Nath|Premnath]] as Bajrang Bahadur<br />
* [[Madan Puri]] as Mayadas<br />
* [[Sujit Kumar]] as Prakash Kapoor<br />
* [[Aruna Irani]] as Reena Kapoor<br />
* [[Asrani]] as Jumani<br />
* [[Ram Mohan]] as Mayadas's man<br />
* [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] as Rita(Guest Appearance)<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
! Song !! Singer<br />
|-<br />
| "Kismat Ki Baat"<br />
| [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Meri Dilruba Mere Paas"<br />
| Kishore Kumar, [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Usha Mangeshkar]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Ban Gaya"<br />
| Kishore Kumar, [[Manna Dey]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Hum To Garib"<br />
| [[Anuradha Paudwal]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Zara Jaldi Jaldi"<br />
| Lata Mangeshkar<br />
|-<br />
| "Neela Peela Hara Gulabi"<br />
| [[Mahendra Kapoor]], Manna Dey, Lata Mangeshkar<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0178194|Aap Beati}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1976 films]]<br />
[[Category:1976 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1976 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Mohan Kumar]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veera_Kesari&diff=460490Veera Kesari2026-03-03T22:30:46Z<p>KathieMuriel714: update citations based on references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Veera Kesari.jpg<br />
| caption = VCD cover<br />
| director = [[B. Vittalacharya]]<br />
| producer = Sundarlal Nahatha<br>Doondi<br />
| writer = <br />
| screenplay = <br />
| starring = [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]<br>[[T. N. Balakrishna]]<br>[[Udaykumar]]<br>[[R. Nagendra Rao]]<br />
| music = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]<br />
| cinematography = Ravi<br />
| editing = N. S. Prakasham<br />
| studio = Rajalakshmi Productions<br />
| released = {{Film date|1963|||df=y}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Veera Kesari''''' ({{audio|Kn-ವೀರ ಕೇಸರಿ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 1963 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[swashbuckler film]] directed by [[B. Vittalacharya]] and produced by Sundarlal Nahatha and Doondi. The film stars [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], [[T. N. Balakrishna]], [[Udaykumar]] and [[R. Nagendra Rao]]. The musical score was composed by [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chiloka.com/movie/veera-kesari-1963|title=Veera Kesari|access-date=2015-01-09|publisher=chiloka.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/veera-kesari/profile-391396.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418101608/http://www.in.com/veera-kesari/profile-391396.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-04-18|title=Veera Kesari|access-date=2015-01-09|publisher=in.com}}</ref> [[S. Siddalingaiah]] served as the assistant director.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tribute-to-director-siddalingaiah-on-his-83rd-birth-anniversary-which-falls-on-december-15/article30295337.ece|title=Remembering S Siddalingaiah, destined to direct|newspaper=The Hindu|date=13 December 2019|last1=R|first1=Shilpa Sebastian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?si=HHjYn7vV83c53r-M&v=VizORMob8eY&feature=youtu.be | title=ಬಿಡುಗಡೆಗೆ ಮೊದಲೇ ಮಾರಾಟವಾದ ಕನ್ನಡದ ಮೊಟ್ಟಮೊದಲ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಮೇಯರ್ ಮುತ್ತಣ್ಣ &#124;Dwarakish Interview&#124; Mayor Muthanna | website=[[YouTube]] | date=7 September 2022 }}</ref> [[B. Vittalacharya]] also shot the film simultaneously in Telugu as ''[[Bandipotu (1963 film)|Bandipotu]]'', starring [[N. T. Rama Rao]].<br />
<br />
Critics have described ''Veera Kesari'' as a "clever adaptation of the adventures of [[Robin Hood]]," <ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12015/page/n501/mode/2up?q=film | title=Sport and Pastime Vol.17 | year=1963 | publisher=S.k.gurunathan,Madras-2 }}</ref> with the romantic subplot inspired by [[William Shakespeare]]{{'}}s ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/shakespeare-influenced-kannada-films-too/article8510212.ece|title=Shakespeare influenced Kannada films too|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 April 2016|last1=Khajane|first1=Muralidhara}}</ref> The film's climax scene was shot in [[Eastmancolor]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=l0oDJVCT7q4 | title=ಅಣ್ಣಾವ್ರ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಸಾರ್ವತ್ರಿಕತೆ.. &#124; Naadu Kanda Rajkumar Ep 109 &#124; Hariharapura Manjunath - YouTube | website=[[YouTube]] | date=16 February 2022 }}</ref> It was a major box office success. Midway through production, director Vittalacharya, who was suffering from typhoid, asked his friend, [[M. R. Vittal]] to complete the shoot. Vittal directed a significant portion of the film, including the song "''Mellusire Savigaana''", but declined to be credited as the director.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0eaNbnY8c_8&feature|title = ವಿಜಯನಾರಸಿಂಹರ ಈ ಹಾಡುಗಳನ್ನು ಕೇಳದಿದ್ದರೆ ಗಣೇಶ ಚತುರ್ಥಿಗೆ ಕಳೆಯೇ ಇರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ..! &#124; Cinema Swarasyagalu Ep 113|website = [[YouTube]]| date=31 January 2022 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
SaptaSena Maharaja [[R. Nagendra Rao]] has lost his legs, and administration is taken over by ShooraSimha ([[Udaykumar]]). ShooraSimha rules with an iron hand, torturing the masses and suppressing rebellions. He has an affair with a palace courtesan but aims to marry the princess, MandaaraMaala ([[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]]). Narasimha ([[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]), whose uncle ([[K. S. Ashwath]]) is in hiding,leads a rebellion against ShooraSimha. [[K. S. Ashwath]], known as Musuku-veera plays the hero, concealing his face with a mask.<br />
<br />
[[K. S. Ashwath]]'s elder brother, [[H. Ramachandra Shastry]], however, does not agree with the armed fight. Tensions rise when Narasimha wards off [[K. S. Ashwath]]'s attempt to kidnap Mandaaramaale. Reluctantly giving in to his brother's wish, [[K. S. Ashwath]] agrees to formally complain to SaptaSena Maharaja. However, ShooraSimha kills both brothers before they can present their case to the Maharaja. Before dying, [[H. Ramachandra Shastry]] urges Narasimha to abandon the non-violent path he had followed all his life and take up arms against ShooraSimha's tyranny.<br />
<br />
Narasimha takes on his Uncle's role as Musuku-veera, kidnaps MandaaraMaale, and exposes her to the harsh conditions faced by the masses. After she comes to understand the suffering of the common people, he releases her. Romance blossoms between MandaaraMaale and Narasimha, much to the displeasure of ShooraSimha.<br />
<br />
SaptaSena Maharaja learns of ShooraSimha's misdeeds and confronts him. In a fit of rage, ShooraSimha imprisons the Maharaja. The Palace-courtesan devises a "Damsel in Distress" plot, discovers Musuku-veera's hideout, and tricks ShooraSimha into capturing him. Condemned to prison, Narasimha is sentenced to be executed at the same time as ShooraSimha's ascension to the throne.<br />
<br />
In a final showdown, Narasimha escapes from prison, defeats ShooraSimha at his own game, and bringing peace to the kingdom. SaptaSena Maharaja offers the throne and his daughter's hand to NaraSimha. However, Narasimha vows to rule the kingdom only to help the people.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
*[[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] as Narasimha<br />
*[[T. N. Balakrishna]]<br />
*[[Udaykumar]]<br />
*[[R. Nagendra Rao]]<br />
*[[T. R. Narasimharaju]]<br />
*[[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]]<br />
*[[E. V. Saroja]]<br />
*[[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]]<br />
*[[B. Jayashree]]<br />
*[[B. Jaya (actress)|B. Jaya]]<br />
*[[K. S. Ashwath]]<br />
*[[H. R. Shastry]]<br />
*[[Rathnakar (actor)|Rathnakar]]<br />
*Shivashankar<br />
*[[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]]<br />
*Comedian Guggu<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
The music was composed by Ghantasala.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://play.raaga.com/kannada/album/Veera-Kesari-K0001166|title=Veera Kesari Songs|access-date=2015-01-09|website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The song "Mellusire Savigana" inspired a 2004 film of same name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/mar212004/ent3.asp|date=21 March 2004|title=Old Kannada song in a new tune|first=Srikanth|last=Srinivasa|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=18 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215205710/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/mar212004/ent3.asp|archive-date=15 December 2004}}</ref> The song was recreated by Ajaneesh Lokanath for the film ''Spooky House''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spooky College's Mellusire remix: Reeshma Nanaiah's dance number has fans divided |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/spooky-colleges-mellusire-remix-reeshma-nanaiahs-dance-number-has-fans-divided/d353cdc750873 |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)<br />
|-<br />
| "Dhundu Malli" || [[P. Leela]], [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || Ashwath || 03:40<br />
|-<br />
| "Ellaninagage" || P. Leela, Ghantasala || Ashwath || 03:18<br />
|-<br />
| "Hareyukkide" || P. Leela || Ashwath || 03:02<br />
|-<br />
| "Mellusire Savigana" || Ghantasala, [[P. Susheela]] || Ku. Ra. Seetharam Shastry || 03:36<br />
|-<br />
| "O Nama Bharada" || P. Susheela || Ashwath || 03:12<br />
|-<br />
| "Prajara Maathanu" || Ghantasala, P. Susheela || Ashwath || 03:15<br />
|-<br />
| "Ramalakshmanaranu" || Ghantasala, P. Susheela || Ashwath || 02:47<br />
|-<br />
| "Swabhimanadha Nalle" || Ghantasala || Ku. Ra. Seetharam Shastry || 03:40<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0324419}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1963 films]]<br />
[[Category:1963 Kannada-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Ghantasala (musician)]]<br />
[[Category:1963 multilingual films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian historical fantasy films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]<br />
[[Category:Indian swashbuckler films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by B. Vittalacharya]]<br />
[[Category:Films partially in color]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Provisional_World_Parliament&diff=457105Provisional World Parliament2026-03-02T08:02:59Z<p>KathieMuriel714: general rework structure for clarity and updated info per sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Transitional international legislative body}}<br />
{{about|a transitional World Parliament|concept of world parliament or international parliament|World Parliament}}<br />
{{Infobox legislature<br />
| background_color = #003da6<br />
| name = Provisional World Parliament<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = en<br />
| transcription_name = <br />
| legislature = 10th Provisional World Parliament<br />
| logo_pic = International Flag of Planet Earth.svg<br />
| logo_res = <br />
| logo_alt = <br />
| logo_caption = <br />
| house_type = [[Tricameralism|Tricameral]]<br />
| houses = {{plainlist|<br />
* House of Peoples<br />
* House of Nations<br />
* House of Counsellors<br />
}}<br />
| chambers = 3<br />
| body = <br />
| jurisdiction = Federation of Earth<br />
| term_limits = <br />
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1982|09|04|df=y}}<br />
| leader1_type = Speaker<br />
| leader1 = <!-- adjournment (Not in session and dissolved up until next session, kindly add value only when Parliament is in session) --><br />
| leader1_term = <br />
| party1 = <br />
| election1 = <br />
| leader2_type = Deputy Speaker<br />
| leader2 = <!-- adjournment (Not in session and dissolved up until next session, kindly add value only when Parliament is in session) --><br />
| party2 = <br />
| election2 = <br />
| leader2_term =<br />
| leader3_type = Secretary<br />
| leader3 = Eugenia Almand<br />
| party3 = <br />
| election3 = 24 March 2003<br />
| leader3_term = <br />
| leader4_type = <br />
| leader4 = <br />
| party4 = <br />
| election4 = <br />
| leader4_term = <br />
| leader5_type = <br />
| leader5 = <br />
| party5 = <br />
| election5 = <br />
| leader5_term = <br />
| members = 500+<ref>{{Cite web |title=Provisional World Parliament - Provisional World Government |url=https://www.ef-gov.org/en/provisional-world-government/organs/provisional-world-parliament |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=www.ef-gov.org}}</ref><br />
| voting_system1 = For {{tooltip|MWPs|Members of the World Parliament}}:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of the World Parliament - World Parliament - World Government |url=https://www.ef-gov.org/en/world-government/organs/world-parliament/members-of-the-world-parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214134740/https://www.ef-gov.org/en/world-government/organs/world-parliament/members-of-the-world-parliament |archive-date=2025-02-14 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=www.ef-gov.org}}</ref><br /> {{plainlist|<br />
* House of Peoples - [[Direct election]] ([[single-member districts]])<br />
* House of Nations - [[Indirect election]] / appointment (by national legislatures/government)<br />
* House of Counsellors - [[Indirect election]] (by institutional nomination and legislative election)<br />
}}<br />
| voting_system2 = Appointment/selection by petition, nomination, NGO designation or specified Calls for particular sessions (for {{tooltip|MPWPs|Members of the Provisional World Parliament}})<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government |first=World |title=Members of the PWP - Provisional World Parliament - Provisional World Government |url=https://www.ef-gov.org/en/provisional-world-government/organs/provisional-world-parliament/members-of-the-pwp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214101925/https://www.ef-gov.org/en/provisional-world-government/organs/provisional-world-parliament/members-of-the-pwp |archive-date=2025-02-14 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=www.ef-gov.org |language=en}}</ref><br />
| website = {{URL|https://pwp.ef-gov.org}}<br />
| constitution = [[Constitution for the Federation of Earth]]<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Provisional World Parliament''' ('''PWP''') is a transitional international [[legislative body]] or a transitional [[international parliament]] of the Provisional World Government established by the [[Second World Constituent Assembly]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Federation of Earth {{!}} UIA Yearbook Profile {{!}} Union of International Associations |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100028426 |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=uia.org}}</ref> operating under the [[Constitutional Framework|constitutional framework]] of the [[Constitution for the Federation of Earth]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Global Strategies & Solutions : Preparing earth constitution |url=http://encyclopedia.uia.org/en/strategy/193465 |url-status= |access-date=2023-07-15 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of World Problems |publisher=Union of International Associations |via=uia.org}}</ref> It is intended to serve as part of the process of establishing the [[world federation]] called Federation of Earth.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-12-25 |title='World's political system is antiquated, needs new order' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/worlds-political-system-is-antiquated-needs-new-order/article25829459.ece |access-date=2023-08-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It consists of [[Representative democracy|representatives]], [[Delegation|delegates]] and [[Observer status|observers]] from around the world and is tasked with drafting legislation, promoting [[International cooperation|global cooperation]], and facilitating the transition to a more integrated [[global governance]] structure.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Provisional World Parliament {{!}} UIA Yearbook Profile {{!}} Union of International Associations |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100012539 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=uia.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
Prominent world leaders such as [[Muhammad Zafarullah Khan|Mohammad Zafrullah Khan]], who served as the [[President of the United Nations General Assembly|President of the U.N. General Assembly]] and [[Judges of the International Criminal Court|Judge]] and [[Vice President of International Court of Justice|Vice-president]] of the [[International Court of Justice]],<ref name=":8" /> [[Zail Singh]], the [[Non-Aligned Movement#Chair|chairman]] of the [[Non-Aligned Movement|Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)]] and [[President of India]],<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9" /> along with Chief Justices from different countries, including [[Indian Supreme Court]] [[Chief Justice of India|Chief Justice]] [[K. G. Balakrishnan]] and Justice [[P. B. Sawant]], as well as [[Kashefa Hussain]], [[Supreme Court of Bangladesh|Supreme Court]] Justice of [[Bangladesh]], have been attendees of PWP's sessions.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{main|World Constitutional Convention|Constitution for the Federation of Earth}}<br />
[[File:Albert Einstein Head.jpg|left|thumb|[[Einstein]], 1947 (aged 68)]]<br />
The origins of the Provisional World Parliament (PWP) can be traced back to the [[Peoples' World Convention]] (1950–51) sponsored by [[Albert Einstein]] and other prominent figures such as [[Gerhard Domagk]], [[Robert Maynard Hutchins|Robert Hutchins]], [[Kerstin Hesselgren]], [[John Steinbeck]], [[William Beveridge]], [[Hu Shih]], [[Albert Camus]], [[Toyohiko Kagawa]], [[Yehudi Menuhin]], [[Jacques Maritain]], [[John Boyd Orr]], [[Thomas Mann]], [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], [[Roberto Rossellini]] and [[Hans Thirring]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Einstein |first1=Albert |url=http://archive.org/details/einsteinonpeace00eins |title=Einstein on peace |last2=Nathan |first2=Otto |last3=Norden |first3=Heinz |date=1968 |publisher=New York, Schocken Books |others=Internet Archive |pages=539, 670, 676}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=[Carta] 1950 oct. 12, Genève, [Suiza] [a] Gabriela Mistral, Santiago, Chile [manuscrito] Gerry Kraus. |url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/bnd/623/w3-article-137193.html |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=BND: Archivo del Escritor}}</ref> and [[World Constitutional Convention|World Constitutional Convention (WCC)]], also known as the World Constituent Assembly (WCA) or the First World Constituent Assembly, which took place in [[Interlaken]], Switzerland, and [[Wolfach]], Germany, in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heimann |first=Hans |date=2018-08-29 |title=Als Interlaken die heimliche Welthauptstadt war |trans-title=When Interlaken was the secret world capital |url=https://www.bernerzeitung.ch/als-interlaken-die-heimliche-welthauptstadt-war-476772910117 |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=[[Berner Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> Lead by [[Thane Read]], an independent U.S. economist and [[World Constitution Coordinating Committee|World Constitution Coordinating Committee (WCCC)]], the convention aimed to establish a [[World constitution|global constitution]] and [[Democratic governance|democratic]] [[Federalism|federal]] [[world government]] to promote global cooperation and world peace.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1968-08-30 |title=Der Bund 30. August 1968 — e-newspaperarchives.ch |url=http://www.e-newspaperarchives.ch/?a=d&d=DBB19680830-01.2.11.1 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=www.e-newspaperarchives.ch |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1968-08-29 |title=Berner Tagwacht 29. August 1968 — e-newspaperarchives.ch |url=http://www.e-newspaperarchives.ch/?a=d&d=TGW19680829-01.2.35.3 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=www.e-newspaperarchives.ch |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1968-08-28 |title=Neue Zürcher Zeitung 28. August 1968 Ausgabe 03 — e-newspaperarchives.ch |url=http://www.e-newspaperarchives.ch/?a=d&d=NZZ19680828-03.2.17.9 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=www.e-newspaperarchives.ch |language=de}}</ref> Notable signatories, including [[List of Nobel laureates|Nobel laureates]] [[Albert Szent-Györgyi]], [[Bertrand Russell]], and leaders like [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] and [[Ayub Khan|Muhammad Ayub Khan]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=1962-06-07 |title=Pakistan Announces Delegates Named |page=5 |work=Arizona Sun |url=https://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/nodes/view/118619}}</ref> and thousands more supported the call for the convention.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Humanities |first=National Endowment for the |date=1962-06-14 |title=Arizona sun. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1942-196?, June 14, 1962, Image 6 |pages=PAGE 6 |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84021917/1962-06-14/ed-1/seq-6/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |issn=2692-692X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Letter from World Constitution Coordinating Committee to Helen, enclosing current materials |url=https://www.afb.org/HelenKellerArchive?a=d&d=A-HK01-07-B154-F05-028.1.9 |access-date=2023-07-03 |website=Helen Keller Archive |publisher=American Foundation for the Blind}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Amerasinghe |first=Terence P. |title=Emerging World Law, Volume 1 |publisher=Institute for Economic Democracy |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-933567-16-7 |pages=50–51 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the convention, over 200 participants from various countries engaged in the drafting of a constitution for a global federal government.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ThZSAAAAIBAJ |title=The Press-Courier |date=1968-09-03 |publisher=The Press-Courier |page=3(5) |language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, the [[World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention|World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention (WCWCC)]] (later known as the [[World Constitution and Parliament Association|World Constitution and Parliament Association (WCPA)]]) continued its efforts, organizing a [[Second World Constituent Assembly]] in [[Innsbruck]], [[Austria]], in 1977.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yunker |first=James A. |date=2000 |title=Rethinking World Government: A New Approach |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20753240 |journal=International Journal on World Peace |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=3–33 |jstor=20753240 |issn=0742-3640}}</ref><br />
<br />
During this second assembly, delegates adopted the "[[Constitution for the Federation of Earth]]".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Amerasinghe |first=Terence P. |title=Emerging World Law, Volume 1 |publisher=Institute for Economic Democracy |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-933567-16-7 |pages=57 |language=en}}</ref> Following its adoption, the World Constitution and Parliament Association (WCPA) issued a call for ratification, urging [[List of nations|nations]] and individuals to endorse the constitution. The constitution was sent to various entities, including the [[United Nations]],<ref name=":82">{{Cite web |title=Miscellaneous Organizations G,H, & I - UNARMS |url=https://search.archives.un.org/s-1096-0345-03-00008 |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=search.archives.un.org}}</ref> [[List of national governments|national governments]], and educational institutions, seeking their support and cooperation in the ratification process.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0woAAAAAMBAJ |title=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |publisher=Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc. |year=1978 |volume=34 |page=63 |language=en |issn=0096-3402 |issue=6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-woAAAAAMBAJ |title=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |publisher=Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc. |year=1978 |volume=34 |issue= 5|pages=56 |language=en |issn=0096-3402}}</ref><br />
<br />
The "Constitution for the Federation of Earth" underwent further amendments through subsequent World Constituent Assemblies in 1978-79 and 1991.<ref name=":2" /> Additionally, the Provisional World Parliament (PWP) has convened irregularly since 1982, with its most recent session occurring in 2021.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Phillimore, A. D. [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/134754714/ "Comment: Global response the only help for our threatened land"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 11 January 1989, page 22. Retrieved from Newspapers.com on 6 November 2023.</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Provisional World Parliament sessions==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+List of Provisional World Parliament sessions<br />
!<br />
!Name<br />
!Dates<br />
!Country<br />
!Venue and Location<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|First Provisional World Parliament<br />
|Sept 4, 1982 – Sept 17, 1982<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PyEPAAAAYAAJ |title=Human Rights Internet Reporter |date=1982 |publisher=Human Rights Internet |page=35 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}<br />
|[[Royal Pavilion]] in [[Brighton]], England<br />
|Former President of the U.N. General Assembly, [[Judges of the International Criminal Court|Judge]] and [[Vice President of International Court of Justice|Vice-president]] of the [[International Court of Justice]] and [[Foreign Minister of Pakistan]], [[Muhammad Zafarullah Khan|Mohammad Zafrullah Khan]], inaugurated the session. World Legislative Act 1 to 5 were deliberated and adopted.<ref>Orvis, Pat. [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/134754416/ "World law movement is revived"], ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'', via the ''[[Waterloo Courier]]'', May 11, 1983, page D-4. Retrieved from Newspapers.com on November 6, 2023.</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|Second Provisional World Parliament<br />
|March 15, 1985 – March 25, 1985<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last= |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.128932 |title=Speeches Of President Giani Zail Singh Volume-ii |publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India |year=1992 |volume=II |pages=268–269 (251) |chapter=India and the World |access-date=2023-08-11}}</ref><br />
|{{Flag|India}}<br />
|[[Vigyan Bhawan]], New Delhi<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=Nov 21, 2007 |title=India Second Provisional World Parliament |url=https://newsroom.ap.org/editorial-photos-videos/detail?itemid=2081731c36a9930baabe3752c411b6ab |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=The Associated Press (AP) Newroom}}</ref><br />
|The then [[Non-Aligned Movement#Chair|chairman]] of the [[Non-Aligned Movement|Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)]] and [[President of India]], [[Zail Singh]], inaugurated the session.<ref name=":1" /> World Legislative Act 6 to 8 were deliberated and adopted.<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|Third Provisional World Parliament<br />
|June 18, 1987 – June 28, 1987<ref name=":4">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/134754597/ Advertisement], ''[[Miami Herald]]'', June 20, 1987, page 18A. Retrieved from Newspapers.com on November 6, 2023.</ref><br />
|{{Flag|United States of America}}<br />
|[[Fontainebleau Hilton Hotel|Fontainbleau Hilton Hotel]], [[Miami Beach, Florida|Miami Beach]], Florida<ref name=":4" /><br />
| Session discussed and enacted World Law Bill to Protect Life and Nature on Planet Earth. World Legislative Act 9 to 11 were deliberated and adopted.<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|Fourth Provisional World Parliament<br />
|Sept 14, 1996 – Sept 17, 1996<br />
|{{Flag|Spain}}<br />
|[[Barcelona International Airport]], Barcelona<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=2002-03-21 |title=Bid to study the constitution for earth federation |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/bid-to-study-the-constitution-for-earth-federation/articleshow/4410825.cms |access-date=2023-08-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
| Session approved the [[Manifesto]] for beginning [[world government]].<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|Fifth Provisional World Parliament<br />
|Nov 22, 2000 – Nov 27, 2000<ref>{{Cite book |last=Suzuki |first=Toshio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IJWsED5mw7QC |title=Soul Federation |date=2010-04-30 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=978-1-4500-2666-6 |page=202 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|{{Flag|Malta}}<ref name=":5" /><br />
| [[Qawra]]<br />
| Session approved the plan to prepare for the next five sessions of the PWP. World Legislative Act 12 was deliberated and adopted.<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|Sixth Provisional World Parliament<br />
|March 24, 2003 – March 27, 2003<br />
|{{Flag|Thailand}}<br />
|Bangkok Centre Hotel, [[Bangkok]]<br />
| Colonel Dr. Somkid Risangkom, Member of [[Thai Parliament]] and Representative of the President of the Senate and Associate Professor Yandej Thongsima, Member of Thai Parliament and Chief Advisor to the [[Prime Minister of Thailand]], participated. World Legislative Act 13 to 18 were deliberated and adopted.<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|Seventh Provisional World Parliament<br />
|December 26, 2003 – December 29, 2003<br />
| rowspan="2" |{{Flag|India}}<br />
|Palmgrove Hotel, [[Chennai]]<br />
| Session was inaugurated by former India [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] Justice [[P. B. Sawant]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2003-12-27 |title=Former SC judge advocates world govt |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/former-sc-judge-advocates-world-govt/articleshow/385470.cms |access-date=2023-08-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> World Legislative Act 19 to 24 were deliberated and adopted.<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|Eighth Provisional World Parliament<br />
|Aug 10, 2004 – Aug 14, 2004<br />
|[[City Montessori School]], [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh<br />
| His Honor [[Laxmi Mall Singhvi|L. M. Singhvi]] of the [[Permanent Court of Arbitration]] and former [[Member of Indian Parliament|Member]] of Indian [[Lok Sabha|lower]] and [[Rajya Sabha|upper]] house inaugurated session. And [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]], [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] was Chief Guest.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-08-15 |title=World Parliament a necessity: CM |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/world-parliament-a-necessity-cm/articleshow/815591.cms |access-date=2023-08-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> World Legislative Act 25 to 30 were deliberated and adopted.<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|Ninth Provisional World Parliament<br />
|April 11, 2006 – April 15, 2006<br />
|{{Flag|Libya}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=News |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2005/11/11/news20.htm |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=archives.dailynews.lk}}</ref><br />
|[[Grand Hotel Tripoli|Al Kabir Grand Hotel]], [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]<br />
| Suleiman Shahumi, Secretary, Committee for Foreign Liaison, of the Peoples’ National Congress of Libya addressed the session. World Legislative Act 31 to 38 were deliberated and adopted.<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|Tenth Provisional World Parliament<br />
|June 21, 2007 – June 24, 2007<br />
|{{Flag|Togo}}<br />
|Palais du Congrès (Congressional Palace), [[Kara, Togo|Kara]]<br />
| World Legislative Act 39 to 42 were deliberated and adopted.<br />
|- style="background-color:lightgray;"<br />
|- style="background-color:#9BDDFF; font-style: italic;"<br />
| colspan=6; style="text-align:center;"|{{in5}}Source:&nbsp;<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Almand |first=Eugenia |date=2019-10-11 |title=World Legislation of the Provisional World Parliament |url=http://worldproblems.net/english/legislation/summaries_en/world_legislation_contents.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011101829/http://worldproblems.net/english/legislation/summaries_en/world_legislation_contents.html |archive-date=2019-10-11 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=World Legislation of the Provisional World Parliament}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Sessions - Provisional World Parliament - Provisional World Government |url=https://pwp.ef-gov.org/en/sessions |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=www.ef-gov.org}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
{{legend|lightgray|Denotes the session declared Invalid or Unconstitutional<ref>{{Cite web |title=Invalid Sessions - Provisional World Parliament - Provisional World Government |url=https://pwp.ef-gov.org/en/invalid-sessions |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=www.ef-gov.org}}</ref>|border=black}} {{legend|#9BDDFF|Denotes the forthcoming session of the Parliament<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eleventh Provisional World Parliament - Provisional World Government |url=https://pwp.ef-gov.org/en/sessions/11 |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=www.ef-gov.org}}</ref>|border=black}}<br />
<br />
== World Legislative Acts ==<br />
The World Legislative Acts (WLAs) outlined in the "Constitution for the Federation of Earth" are an essential component of the [[Legislature|legislative]] framework established by the Provisional World Parliament (PWP). These acts serve as the means through which the PWP exercises its legislative authority and addresses critical [[List of global issues|global issues]].<ref name=":3" /> The constitution envisages a comprehensive range of World Legislative Acts that cover various aspects of [[global governance]]. Each act is designed to address specific global challenges and advance the principles of the Constitution. The Provisional World Parliament, in collaboration with experts and representatives from around the world, deliberates and drafts these acts to ensure they align with the constitution's values of [[justice]], [[sustainability]], and [[Equality before the law|equality]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=L |first=Cook, Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-jY9DwAAQBAJ |title=Handbook of Research on Examining Global Peacemaking in the Digital Age |date=2017-11-30 |publisher=IGI Global |isbn=978-1-5225-3033-6 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Visa issues==<br />
In 1987, during the third Provisional World Parliament, 100 delegates, primarily from India, [[Sri Lanka]], and various [[African nations]], were denied visas by the [[United States Department of State]] under section 214(b) of the federal immigration code.<ref>Lipman, Larry. [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/134754855/ "U.S. denies visas to 100 at conference, group says"], ''[[Miami News]]'', June 12, 1987, pages 5A and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/134754918/ 6A]. Retrieved from Newspapers.com on November 6, 2023.</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[World Constitution Coordinating Committee]]<br />
* [[World Constitutional Convention]]<br />
* [[Constitution for the Federation of Earth]]<br />
* [[World government]]<br />
* [[International parliament]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!--As Provisional World Parliament and World Parliament are convening in joint session --><br />
* {{official website|1=https://pwp.ef-gov.org/en/|name=Official website of the Provisional World Parliament}}<br />
* {{url|https://wp.ef-gov.org/en/|Official website of the World Parliament}}<br />
<br />
{{World government}}<br />
{{World Constitutional Convention call signatories}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Organizations established in 1982]]<br />
[[Category:Parliamentary assemblies]]<br />
[[Category:World government]]<br />
[[Category:Provisional governments]]<br />
[[Category:States with limited recognition]]<br />
[[Category:Legislatures]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishna_(Tamil_actor)&diff=456793Krishna (Tamil actor)2026-03-02T05:12:10Z<p>KathieMuriel714: rework formatting additionally for accuracy</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor (1978)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Krishna<br />
| image = Kreshna at Vizhithiru Press Meet.jpg<br />
| caption = Krishna at Vizhithiru Press Meet<br />
| birth_name = Krishnakumar Kulasekaran<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|02|14|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[India]]<br />
| occupation = [[Actor]]<br />
| relatives = [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]] (Brother)<br />
| website = <br />
| yearsactive = 1990–present<br />
}}<br />
'''Krishnakumar Kulasekaran''' (born 14 February 1978) credited as '''Krishna''' is an Indian actor who mainly appears in [[Tamil cinema]].<br />
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/tamil/movie-actor/krishna-kulasekaran | title=Kollywood Movie Actor Krishna Kulasekaran Biography, News, Photos, Videos }}</ref><br />
He is the younger brother of Tamil film director [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]].<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Krishna's father is film producer K.K.Sekar (Pattiyal Sekar) and his brother is noted film director, [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/feb-08-03/19-02-08-vishnuvardhan.html |title=Vishnuvardhan gives the green signal – Behindwoods.com Krishna son producer 'Pattiyal' Sekar brother director Vishnuvardhan Billa Ali Baba Vishnu's assistant director Nilan K. Sekar Yuvan music Vidyasagar Ali Baba Prakash Raj Radha Ravi GALLERY IMAGES Kollywood Actress Wallpaper Tamil Actress Gallery Tamil Actress Images Stills |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> He went to [[St. Bede's Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School]] in Chennai, studied at [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College]] and graduated with an MBA in finance in the United States.<ref name="newindianexpress1">{{cite web|last=Naig |first=Udhav |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article195980.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110015817/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article195980.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 November 2013 |title=Of talent and charisma |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> He worked for a year and a half in the IT industry and started his own business that was doing well.<ref name="hindu1">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/06/11/stories/2010061150690200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617073443/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/06/11/stories/2010061150690200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 June 2010 |title=Friday Review Chennai / Interview : Just arrived |date=11 June 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> He has also undergone training in Jazz and worked as a dancer/choreographer before he left for US.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
As an actor, he first faced the camera for [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Anjali (1990 film)|Anjali]]'' <ref name="newindianexpress1"/> and later appeared in ''[[Iruvar]]'' and [[Santosh Sivan]]'s ''[[The Terrorist (1997 film)|The Terrorist]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/40882.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820181431/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/40882.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 August 2008 |title=Krishna gets busy – Tamil Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz.com |date=20 August 2008 |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> He was also chosen to play the younger version of [[Rajinikanth]]'s character in ''[[Thalapathi]]'', but the character was later scrapped because it affected the film's length.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 October 2012 |title=Did You Know? |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrintGifMSIE_PASTISSUES2&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH/2012/10/20&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ar04802 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180225161956/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrintGifMSIE_PASTISSUES2&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH/2012/10/20&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ar04802 |archive-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> He also starred in small role with ''[[Udhaya (film)|Udhaya]]'' (2004).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/krishna-recollects-his-memories-of-acting-in-iruvar-and-udhaya.html | title=Krishna recollects his memories of acting in Iruvar and Udhaya | date=12 July 2017 }}</ref><br />
<br />
He played his first lead role in ''[[Alibhabha]]'', which was produced by his father.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/05/30/stories/2008053050510400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602013027/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/05/30/stories/2008053050510400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 June 2008 |title=Friday Review Chennai / Cinema : Stargazing |date=30 May 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> The film met with favourable reviews, but was not a commercial success.<ref name="hindu1"/> After his first film, he wanted to do a gangster film based on a true incident in North Madras, called ''Madras'' to be directed by [[Five Star Krishna]], but it was shelved because of misunderstandings between the director and the producer.<ref name="hindu1"/> His next two films ''[[Kattradhu Kalavu]]'' (2010) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/katradu-kalavu-is-krishna-s-second-outing-imagegallery-0-kollywood-jewui7ehbjd.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121174950/http://www.sify.com/movies/katradu-kalavu-is-krishna-s-second-outing-imagegallery-0-kollywood-jewui7ehbjd.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 January 2014 |title=Katradu Kalavu is Krishna's second outing! |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/may/31/south-tamil-movie-review-katrathu-kalavu.htm |title=Katrathu Kalavu is worth a watch |work=Rediff.com |date=31 May 2010 |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> and ''[[Kazhugu (2012 film)|Kazhugu]]'' (2012) were also produced by his father.<ref>{{cite web|author=s. r. ashok kumar |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/kazhugoo/article2685400.ece |title=Kazhugoo |work=The Hindu |date=4 December 2011 |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> In ''Kazhugu'' he played someone who recovers bodies of suicide victims who jump off a cliff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kazhugu-releases-on-march-16-news-tamil-mdjjUFhedhf.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312084630/http://www.sify.com/movies/kazhugu-releases-on-march-16-news-tamil-mdjjUFhedhf.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 March 2012 |title=Kazhugu releases on March 16 |website=[[Sify]] |date=9 March 2012 |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> It received positive response.<ref>{{cite news|author=Malathi Rangarajan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/success-takes-wing/article3339306.ece |title=Success takes wing |work=The Hindu |date=21 April 2012 |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/79648.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321154927/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/79648.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 March 2012 |title='Kazhugu' flies high, literally! – Tamil Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz.com |date=20 March 2012 |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
After appearing in a brief role in ''[[Vallinam]]'' (2014), he starred in RS Infotainment's horror comedy ''[[Yaamirukka Bayamey]]'' (2014).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/yaamirukka-bayamey-is-a-comedy-thriller-kreshna-news-tamil-ofjjsjiiacc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509121227/http://www.sify.com/movies/yaamirukka-bayamey-is-a-comedy-thriller-kreshna-news-tamil-ofjjsjiiacc.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 May 2014|title='Yaamirukka Bayamey' is a comedy thriller: Kreshna|website=[[Sify]] |access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref> His next films were ''[[Vanavarayan Vallavarayan]]'' (2014) and ''[[Vanmam]]'' (2014).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/vanavarayan-vallavarayan/vanavarayan-vallavarayan-review.html|title=Vanavarayan Vallavarayan (Aka) Vaanavarayan Vallavarayan review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/vanmam/vanmam-review.html|title=Vanmam (Aka) Vanmam review}}</ref> In 2015, he starred in action comedy ''[[Yatchan]]'' directed by his brother Vishnuvardhan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/yatchan-movie-review-even-two-heroes-cant-save-vishnuvardhans-film-262610-2015-09-12|title = Yatchan movie review: Even two heroes can't save Vishnuvardhan's film}}</ref> In 2017, he made his comeback including four thriller releases with ''[[Yaakkai]]'', ''[[Pandigai]]'', ''[[Nibunan]]'' and ''[[Vizhithiru]]''. In 2018, he appeared in ''[[Veera (2018 film)|Veera]]'', ''[[Kalari (2018 film)|Kalari]]'' and ''[[Maari 2]]''. He acted in ''[[Kazhugu 2]]'' (2019), sequel to the 2012 film, ''Kazhugu''. However, the film came out of mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kazhugu-2-rating-movie-review-5870396/|title=Kazhugu 2 movie review: A dated formula-driven love story|date=August 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
=== As actor ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1990 || ''[[Anjali (1990 film)|Anjali]]'' || Colony kid || Child actor; uncredited<br />
|-<br />
| 1997 || ''[[Iruvar]]'' || Tamizhselvan's son || Supporting role<br />
|-<br />
| 1999 || ''[[The Terrorist (1997 film)|The Terrorist]]'' || Lover || Supporting role<br />
|-<br />
| 2004 || ''[[Udhaya (film)|Udhaya]]'' || Venkat Raman || Supporting role<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || ''[[Alibhabha]]'' || Velu || Nominated, [[Vijay Award for Best Debut Actor]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2010 || ''[[Kattradhu Kalavu]]'' || Krishnakumar ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || ''[[Kazhugu (2012 film)|Kazhugu]]'' || Sera ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=4|2014 || ''[[Vallinam]]'' || Shiva || Guest appearance<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Yaamirukka Bayamey]]'' || Kiran ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vanavarayan Vallavarayan]]'' || Vanavarayan ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vanmam]]'' || Chelladurai ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''[[Yatchan]]''|| 'Pazhani' Karthik ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=4|2017 || ''[[Yaakkai]]'' || Kathir ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pandigai]]'' || Velu ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nibunan]]'' || Christopher ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vizhithiru]]'' || Muthukumar || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|2018 || ''[[Veera (2018 film)|Veera]]'' || Veeramuthu ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kalari (2018 film)|Kalari]]'' || Murugesan || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Maari 2]]'' || Kalai || <br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || ''[[Kazhugu 2]]'' || Johnny ||<br />
|-<br />
|2023 || ''[[Rayar Parambarai]]'' || Arivu ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2024 || ''[[Joshua: Imai Pol Kaakha]]'' || Koti||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gautham Vasudev Menon's Joshua Imai Pol Kaakha gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/feb/16/gautham-vasudev-menons-joshua-imai-polkaakhagets-release-date-52104.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Boys (2024 film)|The Boys]]'' || Krishna || Guest appearance<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== As producer ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Platform<br />
!Language<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|2018-2019<br />
|''[[High Priestess (TV series)|High Priestess]]''<br />
|[[ZEE5]]<br />
| rowspan="1" |Telugu<br />
| rowspan="4" |Television series<br />
|-<br />
|2019-2020<br />
|''[[Locked (miniseries)|Locked]]''<br />
|[[Aha (streaming service)|AHA]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Telugu<br />
|-<br />
|2022–2023<br />
|''[[Jhansi (TV series)|Jhansi]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Disney+ Hotstar]]<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|''[[Parachute (TV series)|Parachute]]''<br />
| rowspan="1" |Tamil<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|id=nm0471441}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishna}}<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:1978 births]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eksar_metro_station&diff=498322Eksar metro station2026-02-18T14:59:39Z<p>KathieMuriel714: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Mumbai Metro's Yellow Line 2A metro station}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}} {{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox station<br />
| name = Eksar<br />
| native_name = {{white|{{nobold|एकसर}}}}<br />
| style = Mumbai Metro<br />
| style2 = Yellow<br />
| image = <br />
| image_upright = 1.3<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| address = Eksar Village, Eksar, Borivali, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400091<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|19.2404402|N|72.8434822|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline, title}}<br />
| owned = [[File:MMRDA logo cropped.svg|22px]] [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]]<br />
| operator = {{rint|Mumbai|m}} Maha Mumbai Metro Operation Corporation Ltd.<br />
| line = {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|Line 2A|croute}}<br />
| platform = 2 [[side platforms]]<br />
| other = <br />
| structure = [[Elevated]]<br />
| parking = No<br />
| bicycle = <br />
| accessible = <br />
| code = '''<span style="background-color:#{{rcr|Mumbai Metro|2A}}">205</span>''' <br />
| zone = <br />
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|2022|April|02}}<br />
| former = <br />
| mpassengers = <br />
| passengers = <br />
| pass_system = <br />
| pass_year = <br />
| pass_percent = <br />
| pass_rank = <br />
| services = {{Adjstn|system=Mumbai Metro|line=2A|right=Mandapeshwar|left=Borivali (West)}}<br />
| route_map = {{MM Line 2}}<br />
| map_state = collapsed<br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-marker = rail<br />
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|Line 2}}<br />
| mapframe-zoom = 14<br />
| smartcardname = <br />
| smartcardstatus = <br />
}}<br />
'''Eksar''' is an elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the [[Line 2 (Mumbai Metro)|Yellow Line 2A]] of [[Mumbai Metro]] in [[Mumbai]], India. This station is located in [[Borivali]], Mumbai. This station is owned by the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]] (MMRDA), and was inaugurated on 2 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Metro: Line 2A, Line 7 launched, check routes, station details here |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mumbai-metro-line-2a-line-7-launches-check-routes-station-details-here-3018021 |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-20 |title=Mumbai Metro's 2A & 7 Lines to Cover Andheri to Dahisar in Just 75 Minutes {{!}} Know Fare, Routes as Ops Begin Today |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/mumbai-metros-2a-7-lines-to-cover-andheri-to-dahisar-in-just-75-minutes-know-fare-routes-as-ops-begin-today-6877861.html |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
[[J Kumar Infraprojects]] was awarded the contract to construct the station in June 2016.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 August 2016 |title=Tainted J Kumar Infraporjects bags Dahisar-DN Nagar Metro 2A project |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-tainted-j-kumar-infraporjects-bags-dahisar-dn-nagar-metro-2a-project-2242773 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015125202/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-tainted-j-kumar-infraporjects-bags-dahisar-dn-nagar-metro-2a-project-2242773 |archive-date=15 October 2016 |access-date=14 October 2016 |website=dna}}</ref> The MMRDA announced that electrification of the line had been completed on 26 May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2021 |title=MMRDA to conduct test run for two elevated Metro lines next week |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/mmrda-to-conduct-test-run-for-two-elevated-metro-lines-next-week/articleshow/82979298.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en |agency=IANS}}</ref><br />
<br />
Eksar was opened to the public on 2 April 2022, along with the first phase of Line 2A.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-03 |title=Mumbai: Phase 1 of Metro Line 2A and 7 opened for public |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-8-pm-today-phase-1-of-metro-line-2a-7-to-be-thrown-open-to-public-7850274/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-19 |title=Mumbai Metro: These 2 lines to get operational today. Check route, other details |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-metro-rail-lines-2a-7-to-get-operational-today-check-route-other-details-11674107578757.html |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Station layout ==<br />
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;vertical-align:top;border-top:solid 1px gray;" rowspan=4;|'''2nd Floor'''<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]] {{access icon}}}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 height=45|'''<span style=background-color:#{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|yellow}}>Platform 1</span>'''<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=390| {{0|→}} towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|line 2A|Right}} <small>([[Mandapeshwar metro station|Mandapeshwar]])</small> → <br />
|-<br />
| height=45|<span style=background-color:#{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|yellow}}>'''Platform 2'''</span><br />
| ← towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|line 2A|Left}} <small>([[Borivali West metro station|Borivali (West)]])</small><br />
|-<br />
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]] {{access icon}}}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="vertical-align:top"|'''1st Floor'''<br />
|style="vertical-align:top"|Mezzanine<br />
|style="vertical-align:top"|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover<br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=50 |'''Ground'''<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=100 |Street level<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=420 |Exit/Entrance<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Power and signaling system ===<br />
Like all other stations and railways of [[Mumbai Metro|Mumbai metro]], Eksar station also uses 25,000 volt AC power system by [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]] to operate the trains.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}{{Mumbai Metro navbox|line 2=yes}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2022]]<br />
[[Category:Mumbai Metro stations]]<br />
[[Category:Borivali]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambala_Municipal_Corporation&diff=481396Ambala Municipal Corporation2026-02-15T12:26:03Z<p>KathieMuriel714: made a info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Local civic body in Ambala, Haryana, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox legislature<br />
| name = Ambala Municipal Corporation<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| transcription_name = <br />
| logo_pic = <br />
| house_type = Municipal Corporation<br />
| term_limits = 5 years<br />
| foundation = {{start date and age|2016}}<br />
| leader1_type = [[Mayor (India)|Mayor]]<br />
| leader1 = Shailja Sachdeva<br />
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| election1 = March 2025<br />
| leader2_type = [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]]<br />
| leader2 = <br />
| party2 = <br />
| election2 = <br />
| leader3_type = [[Municipal Commissioner]]<br />
| leader3 = Sachin Gupta<br />
| party3 = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<br />
| election3 = <br />
| seats = '''20'''<br />
| structure1_res = 300px<br />
| structure1 = <br />
| political_groups1 = <br />
| term_length = 5 years<br />
| authority = <br />
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First-past-the-post]]<br />
| last_election1 = 2020<br />
| next_election1 = 2026<br />
| motto = <br />
| session_room = <br />
| session_res = <br />
| session_alt = <br />
| meeting_place = [[Ambala]], [[Haryana]]<br />
| website = {{URL|https://mcambala.gov.in/index.aspx}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ambala Municipal Corporation''' is the [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]] governing [[India|Indian]] city of [[Ambala]]. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras ([[Chennai]]) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]) and Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref> Ambala Municipal Corporation is headed by [[Mayor]] of city and governed by [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Commissioner]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notice Details |url=http://www.mcambala.gov.in/notice_details.aspx?notice_id=7 |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=www.mcambala.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History and administration ==<br />
Ambala Municipal Corporation was formed in to improve the infrastructure of the town as per the needs of local population.<ref name="am2">{{cite news |title=Amid corruption allegations, Ambala MC Budget passed |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/amid-corruption-allegations-ambala-mc-budget-passed-391315 |access-date=25 May 2022 |publisher=tribuneindia.com |date=3 May 2022}}</ref> Ambala Corporation has been categorised into wards and each ward is headed by councillor for which elections are held every 5 years.{{fact|date=April 2025}}<br />
<br />
Ambala Municipal Corporation is governed by mayor Shailja Sachdeva.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/national/ambala-mayor-election-result-2025-bjp-candidate-shailja-sachdeva-wins-by-over-20000-votes-a517/|title=Ambala Mayor Election Result 2025: BJP Candidate Shailja Sachdeva Wins by Over 20,000 Votes|work=Lokmat Times|accessdate=12 March 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Functions ==<br />
Ambala Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:<ref name="am9">{{cite news |title=Municipal Corporation - Functions, Roles, Members Qualification and Term |url=https://www.elections.in/government/municipal-corporation-in-india.html |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref name="am10">{{cite news |title=Good municipal governance key to improve quality of life {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/good-municipal-governance-key-to-improve-quality-of-life/articleshow/57320746.cms |access-date=18 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=24 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .<br />
<br />
* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.<br />
<br />
* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.<br />
<br />
* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes.<br />
<br />
* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.<br />
<br />
* Creation of solid waste management, public health system and sanitary services.<br />
<br />
* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.<br />
<br />
* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped, old age and gender biased people.<br />
<br />
* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.<br />
<br />
== Revenue sources ==<br />
<br />
The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="am11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="am12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="am13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Revenue from taxes === <br />
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.<br />
<br />
* Property tax.<br />
* Profession tax.<br />
* Entertainment tax.<br />
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.<br />
* Advertisement tax.<br />
<br />
=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===<br />
<br />
Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.<br />
<br />
* Water usage charges.<br />
* Fees from Documentation services.<br />
* Rent received from municipal property.<br />
* Funds from municipal bonds.<br />
<br />
=== Revenue from taxes === <br />
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.<br />
<br />
* Property tax.<br />
* Profession tax.<br />
* Entertainment tax.<br />
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.<br />
* Advertisement tax.<br />
<br />
=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===<br />
<br />
Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.<br />
<br />
* Water usage charges.<br />
* Fees from Documentation services.<br />
* Rent received from municipal property.<br />
* Funds from municipal bonds.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of municipal corporations in India]]<br />
{{Municipalities of Haryana}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!-- See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners on how to create references. --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.mcambala.gov.in/ Official Website]<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
<!-- Categories --><br />
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Ambala]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uttarkashi_district&diff=465315Uttarkashi district2026-02-08T04:53:55Z<p>KathieMuriel714: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Uttarkashi district<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = '''Kashi of the North'''<br />
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|District]]<br />
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage<br />
|size = 250<br />
|photo1a = Gamukh, snout of Gongotri glacier WTK20150917-IMG 0595.jpg<br />
|photo1b = Dayara Bugyal 3.jpg<br />
|photo2a = Kashi Vishwanath Temple of Uttarkashi WTK20150914-DSC00046.jpg<br />
|photo2b = Kedarkantha 3.jpg<br />
|photo3a = Where the clouds reign.jpg<br />
}}<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: [[Gomukh|Gaumukh]], view from [[Dayara Bugyal]], Hills near [[Kedarkantha]], Peaks in [[Gangotri National Park]], Kashi Vishwanath Temple in [[Uttarkashi]]<br />
| image_map = Uttarkashi in Uttarakhand (India).svg<br />
| image_map1 = {{maplink |frame=yes<br />
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center<br />
|text= '''Uttarkashi district'''<br />
|type=shape |id=Q1773437<br />
|stroke-colour=#C60C30<br />
|stroke-width=2<br />
|title= Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand<br />
|type2=line|id2=Q1499|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Uttarakhand<br />
}}<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|30.73|N|78.45|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttarakhand]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = Division<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = 1960<br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| seat_type = Headquarters<br />
| seat = [[Uttarkashi]]<br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 8016<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 330,086<br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = 41<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --><br />
| postal_code = <br />
| registration_plate = UK-10<br />
| website = {{URL|uttarkashi.nic.in}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<br />
| demographics1_title2 = Native<br />
| demographics1_info2 = {{hlist|[[Garhwali language|Garhwali]] |[[Mahasu Pahari]] |[[Jad language|Bhotia]]}}<br />
| official_name = <br />
| leader_title = [[District collector]]<br />
| leader_name = Abhishek Ruhela [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who's Who {{!}} Uttarkashi {{!}} India |url=https://uttarkashi.nic.in/whos-who/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Uttarkashi district''' is a district of [[Garhwal division]] of the [[Uttarakhand]] state in northern India, and has its headquarters at [[Uttarkashi]] city. It has 6 [[tehsil]] . [[Barkot, Uttarakhand|Barkot]], Dunda, Bhatwadi, [[Chinyalisaur]], [[Purola]] and Mori. Uttarkashi district's south-western parts are cuturally part of the historical [[Mahasu (region)|Mahasu region]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=adminrawain |date=2023-09-14 |title=महासू देवता जागर मेले के लिए टैक्सी किराया हुआ तय |url=https://rawainexpress.com/taxi-fare-fixed-for-mahasu-devta-jagar-fair/ |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=Rawain Express |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
The district contains the source of the [[Bhagirathi River]] (traditionally considered the headstream of the [[Ganges|Ganga]]) at [[Gangotri]] and the [[Yamuna River]] at [[Yamunotri]], both of which are highly significant and popular pilgrimage sites. Uttarkashi town, which lies on the main road to Gangotri, is also considered an important Hindu pilgrimage centre, especially for Saivites. The district is bounded on the north by [[Kinnaur district|Kinnaur]] and [[Shimla district|Shimla]] districts of [[Himachal Pradesh]], on the northeast by [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]], [[China]], on the east by [[Chamoli district|Chamoli District]], on the southeast by [[Rudraprayag district]], on the south by [[Tehri Garhwal district]], and on the west by [[Dehradun district]].<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
<br />
=== Etymology ===<br />
<br />
The term ''Uttarkashi'', a composite of ''Uttara'' and ''Kashi'', literally means the ''North Kashi'' where Kashi refers to [[Varanasi]]. Both Uttarkashi and Varanasi are highly significant [[yatra|Hindu pilgrimage]] sites on the sacred [[Ganges]]. Both Kashi and Uttarkashi have important Shiva temples called Kashi Vishwanath temple.<br />
<br />
=== History ===<br />
<br />
==== Vedic era ====<br />
<br />
The area now made up by Uttarkashi district has been known since the times of the [[Rigveda|Rig Vedic]] period. The [[Aitareya Brahmana]] mentions it as the land where the [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]] performed ritual sacrifices, and the [[Brahmana|Kaushitaki Brahmana]] mentions this area was where [[Vedic Sanskrit]] had changed the least. In the Upayana Parva of the [[Mahabharata]], various hill tribes from the hill and mountain region of what is now [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] are mentioned as giving gifts to [[Yudhishthira]] during his [[Rajasuya]] [[yagna]], including the Taganas, [[Kirata]]s and [[Kuninda Kingdom|Kunindas]]. [[Ptolemy]] mentions the Taganas as the Taganoi and says they lived on the eastern side of the Ganges, while he says the Kulindrine (Kunindas) lived above the sources of the [[Beas]], [[Sutlej]], [[Yamuna]] and Ganga, and the Kiratas on the northern slops of the Himalayas. According to legend, [[Parashurama|Parshurama]] killed his mother [[Renuka]] at Nakuri, 10&nbsp;km from Uttarkashi town. Also, it is said the [[Pandava]]s, after leaving their kingdom to [[Parikshit]], halted at Patangini before continuing to [[Swargarohini]], where they died.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Uttarkashi|url=http://www.indianculture.gov.in/gazettes/uttar-pradesh-district-gazetteers-uttarkashi|access-date=2021-05-23|website=INDIAN CULTURE|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Medieval era ====<br />
<br />
Historically, the region might have been a part of the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan empire]], but this is unknown. It is presumed to have been a part of the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan empire]], which extended through the western and central Himalayas as far as Tibet. In the 1st century CE, Rajapala of Badrinath established a kingdom that may have extended to Uttarkashi. A 5th century CE inscription in the Uttarkashi Vishwanath temple mentions a prince called Ganeshwara whose son had commissioned the inscription to honour himself and his father. The city of Uttarkashi is mentioned as Brahmapura by [[Xuanzang]], who notes it was ruled by queens. In the 7th century, a branch of the [[Katyuri kings|Katyuris]] pushed out the descendants of Rajapala of Badrinath to the position of feudatories and established an empire covering what is now Kumaon and Garhwal. The last descendant of Rajapala was Bhanupratapa, the pre-eminent chief among the 52 rulers called {{Transliteration|hi|garhpals}} (fort holders, from where Garhwal derives its name). Bhanupratapa had two daughters, one of whom he married to a Paramara prince from Malwa, [[Kanak Pal]], who was on pilgrimage. Kanak Pal was made his heir, and ascended the throne in 888 CE. Kanakpal and his descendants began establishing their hegemony over the other petty chiefs, some of whom had headquarters in Uttarkashi, as the power of their Katyuri overlords declined.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Up to the first half of the 11th century, nothing is known about the first 10 rulers of the [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal kingdom]]. They were probably feudatories of the Katyuris who ruled over parts of Uttarkashi. By the time of the end of the 11th century, when the Katyuri hegemony collapsed, the family of Kanakpal were regarded as the most pre-eminent of the 52 traditional {{transliteration|hi|garhpals}}. Near the end of the 12th century, Ashoka Challa of the [[Khasa Kingdom|Khasa kingdom]] (now in western Nepal) conquered Garhwal as far as Uttarkashi, evidenced by an inscription in the Barahat (Uttarkashi) Vishwanath temple. However the Garhwal rajas soon regained their position, and again the last king of the line had only a daughter. Another Paramara prince from Malwa there on pilgrimage, Kadilpal, was made his heir and married his daughter, although it is unknown whether this story is merely apocryphal.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
His descendant, Ajapal, lived during 1358-70 and was attacked by the raja of Champawat, but defeated him. Ajapal also seemingly created an alliance of the many chieftains of Garhwal and overthrew the raja of Chandpur. His descendant Rajapal led an unsuccessful expedition against [[History of Tibet|Tibet]] that probably passed through modern Uttarkashi district. The Garhwal rajas, although friendly with the [[Delhi sultanate]] in the plains, were never subordinate to them. Rajapal's descendant Man Shah led raids north into Tibet and south into the plains in the mid 16th century. His descendants defended against the rising power of the [[Kumaon Kingdom|Kumaon kingdom]], which was encroaching on Garhwal's eastern boundaries, but Uttarkashi was not affected. Mahipati Shah was the first Garhwal Raja to fully control the entirety of Kumaon, including all of Uttarkashi, from his capital at [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]] in around 1580.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
The Garhwal Rajas, although not directly controlled by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]], still had to pay tribute. The historian [[Firishta]] records Garhwal (modern scholars believe he confused it with Kumaon) was a wealthy and powerful mountain kingdom that produced significant amounts of copper and gold, both metals mined from ancient times in Uttarkashi district. In 1635, a famine struck Garhwal and the year after, a Mughal force invaded the region. However the raja soon starved out the Mughals and forced them to retreat, while another Mughal expedition in 1654 aided by the raja of Kumaon failed also. After [[Dara Shikoh|Dara Shukoh's]] defeat in 1658, his son Sulaiman took refuge for a year with the Garhwal raja Prithvi Shah. However threat of invasion from Aurangzeb and the Kumaon rajas, as well as pressure from many in his court forced Shah to give up Sulaiman to Aurangzeb. Uttarkashi remained relatively uninfluenced by the subsequent border wars between Kumaon and Garhwal.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Garhwal and Kumaon fought against the [[Rohilla dynasty|Rohillas]] in 1745, but were defeated and Garhwal was forced to pay 3 lakhs as tribute. After this, Garhwal was devastated by a Rohilla invasion in 1757.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==== Modern era ====<br />
<br />
===== Gorkha invasion =====<br />
<br />
In 1795, Gorkha troops temporarily overran Garhwal, including the entirety of Uttarkashi district, having earlier occupied Kumaon five years earlier. However news of a [[Sino-Nepalese War|Chinese invasion of Nepal]] caused the Nepalis to retreat from Garhwal. The Garhwal ruler Pradyuman Shah agreed to pay a tribute to the Gorkha rulers and send an agent to Kathmandu, an arrangement that lasted for 12 years. In the beginning of 1803, Uttarkashi in particular was devastated by an [[1803 Garhwal earthquake|earthquake]]. The next year Gorkha generals including [[Amar Singh Thapa]] led a second invasion against Garhwal. The Garhwal raja, [[Pradyumna Shah|Pradyuma Shah]], retreated via Uttarkashi to Dehradun, where he was defeated in the [[Battle of Khurbura]] and killed. His sons fled to British territory, and Amar Singh Thapa was made governor of Garhwal in 1805. Gorkha rule is remembered as a dark time with widespread looting, rape and violence.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
===== British invasion =====<br />
<br />
In 1814, the [[Anglo-Nepalese War]] broke out and the British invaded Garhwal through Dehradun but were repulsed multiple times. However, after the war's end and the subsequent [[Treaty of Sugauli]], the Gorkhas relinquished all territory west of the [[Sharda River|Kali river]], including Garhwal and Uttarkashi district. Garhwal west of the [[Alaknanda River|Alaknanda]], excluding Dehradun and all of Uttarkashi, was returned to the Garhwal rajas, who subsequently imposed violent retaliation on the remaining Gorkhas. Uttarkashi at this time was regarded as rocky and barren. In subsequent negotiations, Rawain tehsil, modern Uttarkashi, was returned to the Garhwal raja.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
===== Rawain Kand movement =====<br />
<br />
In 1930, the [[Tiladi massacre]], also known as Rawain massacre or Kand (रवाईं हत्याकांड) movement, began in the district against unjust forest settlement laws. The raja invited their leaders for talks, but arrested them. The protestors turned violent and attacked the forest officers, and the raja called in troops who arrested 100 people for sedition.<ref name="k810">{{cite web | title=The Uttarakhand Movement: Construction of a Regional Identity | page=57 |author=Pradeep Kumar| year=2000|publisher=Kanishka Publishers| isbn=8173913579|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Uttarakhand_Movement/bkBuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=Rawain%20massacre | access-date=3 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="m010">{{cite web | title=Garhwal Himalaya: A Study in Historical Perspective | author=Ajay Singh Rawat |year=2002|publisher = Indus Publishing Company|pages=141–142| url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Garhwal_Himalaya/olP_A60L-CMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Rawain+massacre&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover | access-date=3 June 2025}}</ref> In 1947, Garhwal acceded to the Indian Union as Garhwal district of the United Provinces (soon to be renamed Uttar Pradesh). In 1960, Uttarkashi was carved out as a separate district. Uttarkashi was later included in the newly formed state of Uttarakhand in 2000.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Geography ==<br />
{{see also | Geography of Uttarakhand | List of mountain peaks of Uttarakhand }}<br />
<br />
===Glaciers of Uttarkashi District===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Glacier<br />
! Height (m)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gangotri Glacier]] || 4,040<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chaturangi]] || 4,400<br />
|-<br />
| I Unnamed TG of Chaturangi || 5,120<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kalindi]] || 5,440<br />
|-<br />
| [[Seeta (glacier)|Seeta]] || 5,400<br />
|-<br />
| [[Suralaya]] || 5,120<br />
|-<br />
| [[II Unnamed TG of Chaturangi]] || 5,190<br />
|-<br />
| [[III Unnamed TG of Chaturangi]] || 4,980<br />
|-<br />
| [[Vasuki]] || 4,800<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bhagirathi Parbat I|Bhagirathi Parvat I]]|| 6,512<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bhagirathi Parvat II]] || 6,556<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bhagirathi Parvat III]] || 6,195<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bhagirathi Parvat IV]] || 6,625<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swachand]] || 4,880<br />
|-<br />
| [[Miandi]] || 4,980<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sumeru]] || 4,900<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ghanohim]] || 4,740<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kirti and its Tributary Glaciers (TG) ]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[(A) Kirti]] || 4,520<br />
|-<br />
| [[(B) I Unnamed TG of Kirti]] || 4,570<br />
|-<br />
| [[(C) II Unnamed TG of Kirti]] || 4,860<br />
|-<br />
| [[(D) III Unnamed TG of Kirti]] || 4,860<br />
|-<br />
| Glaciers present in the study area and directly draining into Bhagirathi river ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maitri (glacier)|Maitri]] || 4,000<br />
|-<br />
| [[Meru (glacier)|Meru]] || 4,720<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bhrigupanth]] || 3,720<br />
|-<br />
| [[Manda (glacier)|Manda]] || 3,880<br />
|-<br />
| Raktavarna and its Tributary Glaciers (TG) ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[(A) Raktavarna]] || 4,500<br />
|-<br />
| [[(B) Thelu]] || 5,040<br />
|-<br />
| [[(C) Swetamber]] || 4,760<br />
|-<br />
| [[(D) I Unnamed TG of Raktavarna]] || 5,100<br />
|-<br />
| [[(E) II Unnamed TG of Raktavarna]] || 5,240<br />
|-<br />
| [[(F) Nilamber]] || 5,300<br />
|-<br />
| [[(G) III Unnamed TG of Raktavarna]] || 5,200<br />
|-<br />
| [[(H) Pilapani]] || 5,080<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Natural disasters ===<br />
<br />
* 1976: Fire in the Main Market in the morning of 1976.<br />
* 1978: Floods in Bhagirathi River due to a dam made by the debris bought by Kandolia Gard, a small riverlet. The dam was breached by the Army using explosives. Thousand gallons of water rushed along the river and caused damage to agricultural land, ashrams and houses located along the banks of the river. There was no major loss of life as the district administration took adequate precautions by evacuating the low-lying areas along the banks of the river.<br />
* 1984: Cloud burst in Gyansu nala.<br />
* 1991: Earthquake: On 20 October 1991, Uttarkashi and nearby areas were hit by an earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Ritcher scale.<br />
* 2003: On 23 September 2003 Uttarkashi was hit by a landslide in which hotels, shops in the bus stand area were destroyed. Housing colony of Horticulture department in the Masjid Mohalla area was completely destroyed under the falling debris from top of the Varunavat mountain.<br />
* [[2013 North India floods|2013 Uttarakhand floods]]: Uttarkashi was hit by a flash flood caused by cloud burst in the Asi Ganga River catchment area and Bhagirathi River catchment area. The flash floods caused wide scale damage to property and agricultural land along the banks of both the rivers. Many hotels ware washed away in flooding waters of Bhagirathi River (Akash Ganga Hotel, Portion of Gautam Park Hotel, Pwd Office at Joshiyara). Many bridges were destroyed during the floods (Didsari Suspension Bridge, Naluna Suspension Bridge, Joshiyara Suspension Bridge, Athali Suspension Bridge).<br />
• [[2025 Uttarakhand flash flood]], a cloud burst occurred near the village of Dharali in Uttarakhand.<br />
<br />
== Ecology==<br />
<br />
See [[Indomalayan realm]]<br />
<br />
==Political divisions ==<br />
<br />
===Lok Sabha constituency===<br />
<br />
Uttarkashi district falls in the [[Tehri Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<br />
<br />
===Assembly constituencies===<br />
<br />
# [[Purola (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Purola (SC)]]<br />
# [[Yamunotri (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Yamunotri]]<br />
# [[Gangotri (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Gangotri]]<br />
<br />
===Tehsils ===<br />
<br />
The district has six tehsils: <br />
<br />
Barkot, <br />
<br />
Dunda<br />
<br />
Bhatwadi<br />
<br />
Chinyalisaur<br />
<br />
Purola <br />
<br />
Mori.<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
<br />
=== Culture ===<br />
<br />
Upper reaches on [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC), especially [[Nelang]], [[Sang, Uttarakhand|Jadhang]] ([[Sang, Uttarakhand|Sang]]) and [[Pulam Sumda]] area, are inhabited by the ''Char [[Bhutia]]'' tribe.<br />
<br />
===Demographics===<br />
{{bar box<br />
|title=Religions in Uttarkashi district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttarakhand|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11395/download/14508/DDW05C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
|titlebar=#Fcd116<br />
|left1=Religion<br />
|right1=Percent<br />
|float=left<br />
|bars=<br />
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|98.42}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|1.08}}<br />
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.50}}<br />
|caption=Distribution of religions<br />
}}<br />
<br />
According to the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] Uttarkashi district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 330,086,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Belize]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Belize 321,115 July 2011 est.<br />
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 567th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|41|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 11.75%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Uttarkashi has a [[sex ratio]] of 959 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 75.98%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 24.41% and 1.06% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/><br />
{{Pie chart<br />
| caption = Languages of Uttarkashi district (2011)<ref name="census2011-C16"/><br />
| label1 = [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]]<br />
| value1 = 80.77<br />
| color1 = red<br />
| label2 = [[Hindi]]<br />
| value2 = 7.28<br />
| color2 = orange<br />
| label3 = [[Jad language|Bhotia]]<br />
| value3 = 3.06<br />
| color3 = skyblue<br />
| label4 = [[Mahasu Pahari|Upper Mahasu Pahari]]<br />
| value4 = 2.18<br />
| color4 = indianred<br />
| label5 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]]<br />
| value5 = 2.17<br />
| color5 = gold<br />
| label6 = Others<br />
| value6 = 4.54<br />
| color6 = grey<br />
}}<br />
According to the 2011 census, 80.77% of the population spoke [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], 7.28% [[Hindi]], and 2.17% [[Nepali language|Nepali]] as their first language. Various indigenous Tibetic languages (returned under a variety of different names) such as [[Jad language|Jad]] were spoken by 3.06% of the district's population. Hindi is the lingua franca.<ref name="census2011-C16">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttarakhand|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10225/download/13337/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0500.XLSX|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=69,209|13=1911|14=77,429|15=1921|16=81,958|17=1931|18=89,978|19=1941|20=1,02,280|21=1951|22=1,06,058|23=1961|24=1,22,836|25=1971|26=1,47,805|27=1981|28=1,90,948|29=1991|30=2,39,709|31=2001|32=2,95,013|33=2011|34=3,30,086|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}<br />
<br />
==Geographical indication==<br />
[[Uttarakhand Lal Chawal (Red Rice)]] was awarded the [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical Indication]] (GI) status tag from the [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indications Registry]], under the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]], on 8 November 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Uttarakhand Lal Chawal (Red Rice) |url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/852 |website=Intellectual Property India |access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=18 products of Uttarakhand including Manduwa, Jhangora, red rice get GI tag |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/18-products-of-uttarakhand-including-manduwa-jhangora-red-rice-get-gi-tag20231204202026/ |access-date=26 November 2024 |work=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=18 more U'khand products get GI tag |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/uttarakhand-distributes-gi-tag-certificates-for-18-more-products/articleshow/105741728.cms |access-date=26 November 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=5 December 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
Bhagirathi Annapurna Sabji Utpadak Swayat Sahakarita from Uttarkashi, proposed the GI registration of Uttarakhand Lal Chawal (Red Rice). After filing the application in March 2022, the rice was granted the GI tag in 2023 by the Geographical Indication Registry in [[Chennai]], making the name "Uttarakhand Lal Chawal (Red Rice)" exclusive to the rice grown in the region. It thus became the first rice variety from Uttarakhand and the 14th type of goods from Uttarakhand to earn the GI tag.<br />
<br />
The GI tag protects the rice from illegal selling and marketing, and gives it legal protection and a unique identity.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[List of districts of Uttarakhand]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://uttarkashi.nic.in/}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312060630/http://gov.ua.nic.in/uttaranchaltourism/uttarkashi.htm Uttarkashi] at Uttaranchal Tourism website (archived)<br />
<br />
{{Geographic location<br />
|Centre = Uttarkashi district<br />
|North = [[Kinnaur district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
|Northeast = {{flagicon|China}}[[China]]<br />
|East =[[Chamoli district]]<br />
|Southeast = [[Rudraprayag district]]<br />
|South = [[Tehri Garhwal district]]<br />
|Southwest = <br />
|West = [[Dehradun district]]<br />
|Northwest = [[Shimla district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Uttarkashi district}}<br />
{{Districts of Uttarakhand}}<br />
{{Hindu temples in Uttarakhand}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Uttarkashi District}}<br />
[[Category:Uttarkashi district| ]]<br />
[[Category:Districts of Uttarakhand]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kroni&diff=474718Kroni2026-01-17T09:22:42Z<p>KathieMuriel714: refine page after review as per guidelines</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Figure in Ayyavazhi mythology}}<br />
{{morefootnotes|date=December 2022}}<br />
{{Religion of Ayyavazhi}}<br />
'''Kroni''' ({{langx|ta|குறோணி}}) is a figure in [[Ayyavazhi mythology]]. He is the primordial manifestation of [[evil]], and manifests in various forms of evil, such as [[Ravana]] and [[Duryodhana]], in different ages or [[yugas]]. To counteract and destroy the evil of Kroni's manifestations, [[Narayana|Mayon]] (a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] name for [[Vishnu]]) incarnates as [[Avatar]]s such as [[Rama]] and [[Krishna]]. He seems to be more evil than the demon [[Kali (Demon)|Kali]] of the [[Mahabharata]] and [[Kalki Purana]] sharing similarities with [[Lucifer]].<br />
<br />
==Kroni in the Akilathirattu Ammanai==<br />
According to the [[Akilathirattu Ammanai]], the Ayyavazhi holy book, Kroni was born in the first of the [[Eight Yukams]] (Yuga (Sanskrit); Aeons (English)) with multitudinous limbs each the size of a mountain, and was the first evil to be born in the Universe. He had a fire of ravenous hunger in his stomach, and he drank all the waters of the sea to quell it. When the water was insufficient, he then swallowed Kailayam (Kailash), the abode of [[Shiva]], and then proceeded to devour the entire Universe. Mayon, residing with Shiva in Kailayam, escaped promptly and undertook a [[Tavam]] (''Tapas'' in Sanskrit, ''Penance'' in English) to get help from Shiva to destroy Kroni. Shiva granted the help, but made Mayon aware of the necessity of appearing in different forms for the successive six yukams in order to destroy the six fragments of Kroni. Being aware of the mission, Mayon sliced Kroni into six fragments and saved the Universe, and with that event the first Yukam ended.<br />
<br />
==Fragments of Kroni==<br />
The six fragments of Kroni were then born as evil spirits (or [[Asuras]]) in six successive Yukams (aeons). In all the yukams Mayon had to incarnate in the world to destroy the evils. The six fragments were known as<br />
<br />
#[[Kuntomasali]]<br />
#[[Thillaimallalan]] and [[Mallosivakanan]]<br />
#[[Suraparppan]] [[Sinkamukasuran]] and [[Iraniyan]]<br />
#[[Ravanan]]<br />
#[[Thuriyothanan]] and the Ninety-nine Brothers<br />
#[[Kaliyan]]<br />
<br />
Kroni, the spirit of [[Kali Yuga]], is said to be omnipresent in the present age, and this is one of the reasons why followers of Ayya Vazhi, like other Hindus, believe that the current yuga, [[Kali Yuga]], is so degraded.<br />
<br />
== Philosophical view ==<br />
<br />
Philosophically, Kroni is viewed as the [[evil]] which prevents the [[soul]] from attaining absolute bliss or knowledge. The six fragments are considered to be six evils found in the six chakras except [[Sahasrara]] of the physical [[human body]]. It is stated that every human being should overcome the qualities of the six fragments (ill effects) in order to attain divinity ([[Sahasrara]]), the state of union with [[God]].<br />
<br />
But this view is often criticised by some followers because the [[Akilam]] did not mention Kroni in direct relation to [[Chakras]]. As some believe that many philosophical concepts are symbolised indirectly as [[mythical figures]] in a story form in [[Akilam]], this view on Kroni is accepted during religious studies.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 3 auto;" align="center"<br />
|+ AVATARS AND ASURAS THROUGH THE YUGAS <!-- if required --><br />
! NO <br />
! [[Yugas|YUGA]]<br />
! [[Chakras|CHAKRA*]]<ref>Ari Sundara Mani's, Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai, 2002.</ref><br />
! [[ASURA]]S<br />
! [[Avatar]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1<br />
| '''[[Neetiya Yuga]]'''<br />
| ''[[Bindu (symbol)|Bindu]]''<br />
| ''Kroni''<br />
| ''[[Vishnu|Narayana]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2<br />
| '''[[Chathura Yukam]]'''<br />
| ''[[Muladhara]]''<br />
| ''[[Kundomasali]]''<br />
| ''[[Vishnu|Mayon]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 3<br />
| '''Netu Yukam'''<br />
| ''[[Swadhisthana]]''<br />
| ''[[Thillai mallalan]]'' and ''[[Mallosivahanan]]''<br />
| ''[[Vishnu|Thirumal]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 4<br />
| '''[[Kretha Yukam|Kretha Yuga]]'''<br />
| ''[[Manipura]]''<br />
| ''[[Surapadman]]'' and ''[[Iraniyan]]''<br />
| ''[[Muruga]]'' and ''[[Narasimha]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 5<br />
| '''[[Treta Yuga]]'''<br />
| ''[[Anahata]]''<br />
| ''[[Ravana]]''<br />
| ''[[Rama]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 6<br />
| '''[[Dvapara Yuga]]'''<br />
| ''[[Vishuddha]]''<br />
| ''[[Duryodhana]]''<br />
| ''[[Krishna]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 7<br />
| '''[[Kali Yuga]]'''<br />
| ''[[Ajna]]''<br />
| ''[[Kaliyan]]''<br />
|[[Ayya Vaikundar|Vaikundar]]<br />
|-<br />
| 8<br />
| '''[[Dharma Yukam|Dharma Yuga]]'''<br />
| ''[[Sahasrara]]''<br />
| <br />
|[[Vishnu|Narayana]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
::::<small>* Chakras :- The yugas assumed as chakras above, is one of the philosophical views and is not mentioned directly in Akilathirattu.</small><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of Ayyavazhi-related articles]]<br />
*[[Ayyavazhi mythology]]<br />
*[[Kaliyan]]<br />
*[[Kali (demon)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
* G. Patrick, ''Religion and Subaltern Agency'', University of Madras, 2003<br />
* Ari Sundara Mani, ''Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai'', Vaikundar Thirukkudumbam Publications, 2002.<br />
<br />
{{Ayyavazhi large}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ayyavazhi mythology]]<br />
[[Category:Demons]]<br />
[[Category:Ayyavazhi philosophical concepts]]<br />
[[Category:Destroyer gods]]<br />
[[Category:Evil gods]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruvannamalai_district&diff=462003Tiruvannamalai district2026-01-13T03:23:21Z<p>KathieMuriel714: small reworked lead after review further and cleaned formatting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Tiruvannamalai}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Thiruvannamalai district<br />
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|District]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage<br />
|size = 250<br />
|photo1a = Arunchaleshvara Temple - Tiruvannamalai - India 02.JPG<br />
|photo1b = Seeyamangalam rock cut jain temple.JPG<br />
|photo2a = Tirumalai jaintemple 4.jpg<br />
|photo2b = Fort - Vandavasi.jpg<br />
|photo3a = Tirumalai Kovil, Western Ghats 01.jpg<br />
}}<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: [[Arulmigu Annamalaiyar Temple]] at [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Seeyamangalam]] Jain Temple, [[Vandavasi]] & [[Aarani, Tiruvannamalai |Aarani]] Fort, [[Eastern Ghats]], [[Tirumalai (Tamil Nadu)|Tirumalai]] Jain Temple<br />
| image_map = Tiruvannamalai in Tamil Nadu (India).svg<br />
| image_map1 = {{maplink |frame=yes<br />
|frame-width=275 |frame-height=275 |frame-align=center<br />
|text= '''Tiruvannamalai district'''<br />
|type=shape |id=Q15207<br />
|stroke-colour=#C60C30<br />
|stroke-width=2<br />
|title= Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu<br />
|type2=line|id2=Q1445|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Tamil Nadu<br />
}}<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|12|25|N|79|7|E|type:adm3rd_dim:200000_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = India<br />
| subdivision_type1 = State<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_type4 = City<br />
| subdivision_type5 = Municipalities<br />
| subdivision_type6 = Total Urban areas<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = <br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tiruvannamalai]]<br />
| subdivision_name4 = [[Tiruvannamalai]]<br />
| subdivision_name5 = 1.[[Tiruvannamalai]], 2.[[Aarani, Tiruvannamalai|Aarani]], 3.[[Cheyyar]], 4.[[Vandavasi]]<br />
| subdivision_name6 = 22<br />
| established_title = North Arcot<br />
| established_date = 26.1.1989<br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = King Sambhuvarayar, Thiruvannamalaiyar Temple<br />
| seat_type = Headquarters<br />
| seat = [[Tiruvannamalai]]<br />
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s<br />
| parts = [[Tiruvannamalai taluk|Tiruvannamalai]], [[Kilpennathur taluk|Kilpennathur]], [[Aarani taluk|Aarani]], [[Cheyyar taluk|Cheyyar]], [[Chengam taluk|Chengam]], [[Polur taluk|Polur]], [[Vandavasi taluk|Vandavasi]], [[Kalasapakkam taluk|Kalasapakkam]], [[Chetpet taluk|Chetpet]], [[Thandarampattu taluk|Thandarampattu]], and [[Vembakkam taluk|Vembakkam]]<br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = District collectrate<br />
| leader_title1 = Collector<br />
| leader_name1 = K. Tharpagaraj [[Indian Administrative Service|I.A.S]]<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 6191<br />
| area_rank = Second<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 2,464,875<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=2011 Census of India<br />
|date=16 April 2011<br />
|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_tamilnadu.html<br />
|publisher= Indian government<br />
|format=Excel}}</ref><br />
| population_density_km2 = 654<br />
| population_metro = 1496343<br />
| population_metro_footnotes = <br />
| population_rank = 4th rank in Tamil Nadu<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --><br />
| postal_code = <br />
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN]]<!-- ISO 3165-2 --><br />
| registration_plate = TN-25, TN-97<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Coastline<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{Convert|0|km|mi}}<br />
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]<br />
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|5646|mm|in}}<br />
| website = {{URL|https://tiruvannamalai.nic.in/}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = Largest city<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = Tiruvannamalai<br />
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]<br />
| blank3_info_sec1 = 1000:994 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]<br />
| blank4_name_sec1 = Literacy<br />
| blank4_info_sec1 = 79.33%<br />
| blank5_name_sec1 = Legislature strength<br />
| blank5_info_sec1 = 12<br />
| blank6_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank6_info_sec1 = Aarani and Tiruvannamalai<br />
| blank7_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank7_info_sec1 = Aarani, Cheyyar, Chengam, Kalasapakkam, Peranamallur, Polur, Tiruvannamalai city, Tiruvannamalai rural, Thandarampattu, Pudupalayam, Chettupattu and Vandavasi<br />
| official_name = <br />
| Old name = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Thiruvannamalai district''' (previously known as '''Central Arcot''', '''Tiruvannamalai Sambhuvarayar district''')<ref>{{cite web |title=History {{!}} Tiruvannamalai District, Govt. of Tamil Nadu {{!}} India |url=https://tiruvannamalai.nic.in/history/}}</ref> is one of the [[Districts of Tamil Nadu|38 districts]] in the south [[Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is the second largest district in Tamil Nadu by area, after [[Dindigul District]]. It was formed in 1989 through the bifurcation of [[North Arcot]] into the Tiruvannamalai Sambuvarayar and [[Vellore district|Vellore Ambedkar]] districts. The city of [[Tiruvannamalai]] is the district headquarters.<br />
<br />
The district is divided into 12 [[Taluk]]s—[[Arani, Tiruvannamalai|Arani]], [[Chengam]], [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Polur]], [[Thandarampattu]], [[Vandavasi]], [[Kalasapakkam]], [[Chetpet]], [[Kilpennathur]], [[Jamunamarathoor]], [[Cheyyar]] and [[Vembakkam]]. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,464,875 with a sex-ratio of 994 females for every 1,000 males.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Tiruvannamalai is one of the most venerated places in Tamil Nadu. In ancient times, the term "Annamalai" meant an inaccessible mountain. The word "Thiru" was prefixed to signify its greatness, and coupled with the two terms, it was called Thiruvannamalai. Thiru means 'holy' or 'sacred' and is traditionally used in front of names in all parts of Tamil Nadu like [[Thiruneermalai]] (Lord Ranganatha), [[Thirunageswaram]] (Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva), [[Thirumayam]] (Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva), Thirumayilai (Lord Adikeshava Perumal and Lord Kapali Eshwaran), Tiruvannamalai (Lord Shiva), [[Thiruchendur]] (Lord Muruga), [[Tiruchirappalli]] (Rockfort Lord Thaiyumanavar and Lord Sriranganathar), [[Thiruttani]] (Lord Muruga), [[Tiruchengode]] (Lord Shiva), Thiruchitrambalam (Lord Shiva), [[Thirumanancheri]] (Lord Shiva), [[Thirunallar]] (Lord Shani Eshwaran), [[Thiruporur]] (Lord Muruga), [[Thirukkadaiyur]] (Lord Shiva), [[Tirukalukundram]] (Lord [[Vedagiriswarar temple]]), Thirukarugavur (Lord [[Garbharakshambigai temple]]), [[Tirunelveli]], [[Tiruppur]], [[Tiruvallur]] and many more.<br />
<br />
The temple town of Tiruvannamalai is one of the most ancient heritage sites of India and is a centre of the Saiva religion. The Arunachala hill and its environs have been held in great regard by the Tamils for centuries. The temple is grand in conception and architecture and is rich in tradition, history and festivals. The main Deepam festival attracts devotees from far and wide throughout South India. It has historic places besides Tiruvannamalai, Polur, Arani, Vandavasi, Devikapuram connected to East India and French companies. [[Arni, Tiruvannamalai|Arani]] and [[Vandavasi]] had important places in the history of pre-independence. In the late Chola period the district was ruled by the Cholan of Sambuvarayar having Padavedu near Arani as HQ.<br />
<br />
After independence Tiruvannamalai was under North Arcot District. The civil district of North Arcot was divided into Vellore District and Tiruvannamalai District in October 1989. P. Kolappan was the first Collector of Tiruvannamalai District. On the whole Tiruvannamalai is traditionally rich in Historic and spiritual values but lacks in industrial growth.<br />
<br />
== Geography ==<br />
The district shares borders with [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]] and [[Chengalpattu district]]s in the east, [[Villupuram district|Villupuram]] and [[Kallakurichi district]]s in the south, [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]] and [[Dharmapuri district]]s in the west, and [[Vellore district|Vellore]], [[Ranipet district|Ranipet]] and [[Tirupattur district]]s in the north.<br />
<br />
=== Climate ===<br />
The average annual rainfall of the study area{{which|date=July 2024}} is 1350&nbsp;mm, out of which 80 percent is received during the monsoon. The soils of the study area have an ustic moisture regime and hyperthermic temperature regime. Tiruvannamalai District comes under the Eastern Ghats (TN uplands) and Deccan plateau, hot semiarid region with red loamy soil with cropping period of 90 to 150 days. Excepting hills, the district falls in the North Eastern agro climatic zone of Tamil Nadu.<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=7,54,287|13=1911|14=8,75,117|15=1921|16=9,42,378|17=1931|18=10,70,320|19=1941|20=11,73,298|21=1951|22=12,23,154|23=1961|24=13,28,359|25=1971|26=15,24,349|27=1981|28=17,85,798|29=1991|30=20,42,979|31=2001|32=21,86,125|33=2011|34=24,64,875|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=center}}<br />
<br />
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Tiruvannamalai District had a population of 2,464,875 with a sex-ratio of 994 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=2014-01-26}}</ref> A total of 272,569 were under the age of six, constituting 141,205 males and 131,364 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 22.94% and 3.69% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 66.%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The district had a total of 588,836 households. There were a total of 1,238,177 workers, comprising 265,183 cultivators, 351,310 main agricultural labourers, 37,020 in house hold industries, 316,559 other workers, 268,105 marginal workers, 27,458 marginal cultivators, 173,753 marginal agricultural labourers, 9,700 marginal workers in household industries and 57,194 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook 2011 - Tiruvannamalai|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1092/download/3382/DH_2011_3305_PART_A_DCHB_TIRUVANNAMALAI.pdf|website=[[Census of India]]|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{bar box<br />
|title=Religions in Tiruvannamalai district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Tamil Nadu|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11392/download/14505/DDW33C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
|titlebar=#Fcd116<br />
|left1=Religion<br />
|right1=Percent<br />
|float=left<br />
|bars=<br />
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Tamil Nadu|Hinduism]]|darkorange|93.08}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[Tamil Muslim|Islam]]|green|3.72}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Tamil Nadu|Christianity]]|purple|2.72}}<br />
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.48}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Hindus are the major religion. The [[Arunachalesvara Temple]] in Tiruvannamalai is particularly famous. Muslims live in urban areas while Christians are mostly rural.<br />
<br />
{{Pie chart<br />
|caption = Languages of Tiruvannamalai district (2011)<ref name="language"/><br />
|label1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |value1 = 94.31 |color1 = royalblue<br />
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 2.66 |color2 = green<br />
|label3 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value3 = 2.36 |color3 = steelblue<br />
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.67 |color4 = grey<br />
|thumb=left<br />
}}<br />
<br />
At the time of the 2011 census, 94.31% of the population spoke [[Tamil language|Tamil]], 2.66% [[Urdu]] and 2.36% [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10222/download/13334/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-3300.XLSX|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Politics == <br />
{{transcluded section|source=16th Tamil Nadu Assembly}}<br />
{{#section:16th Tamil Nadu Assembly|MLA Header}}<br />
{{#section:16th Tamil Nadu Assembly|Tiruvannamalai district}}<br />
|} <br />
==Administration==<br />
Tiruvannamalai District has an area of 6,191&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It is bounded on the north by [[Vellore District|Vellore District and Tirupattur District]], on the east by [[Kanchipuram District]], on the south by [[Villupuram District]], and on the west by [[Dharmapuri District|Dharmapuri]] and [[Krishnagiri District|Krishnagiri]] districts. Tiruvannamalai District is divided into 3 sub districts (Arani, Tiruvannamalai and Cheyyar), twelve taluks, 27 blocks and 1,061 villages covering an area of 631,205 ha. <br />
<br />
===Taluks===<br />
The district is composed of [[Taluka]]s namely [[Tiruvannamalai taluk|Tiruvannamalai Urban]], [[Kilpennathur|Tiruvannamalai Rural]], [[Arni, Tiruvannamalai|Arani]], [[Cheyyar taluk|Cheyyar]], [[Chengam taluk|Chengam]], [[Javvadhumalai]], [[Polur taluk|Polur]], [[Vandavasi taluk|Vandavasi]], [[Kalasapakkam taluk|Kalasapakkam]], [[Chettupattu taluk|Chettupattu]] [[Thandarampattu taluk|Thandarampattu]], and [[Vembakkam taluk|Vembakkam]]<br />
<br />
The twelve [[tehsil|taluks]] of Tiruvannamalai are listed below:<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! !! Taluk !! Headquarters !! Area !! Revenue villages !! Population<br />(2011) !! Pop. density<br /><br />
|-<br />
| align="centre"| 1 || [[Tiruvannamalai taluk|Tiruvannamalai-Urban]] || Tiruvannamalai || align="right" | {{nts| 102}} km<sup>2</sup> || align="right" |{{Nts| 135|}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 409826}} || align="right" | {{Nts|3382}} /km<sup>2</sup><br />
|-<br />
| align="centre"| 2 || [[Tiruvannamalai taluk|Tiruvannamalai-Rural]] || Kil Pennathur || align="right" | {{nts| 102}} km<sup>2</sup> || align="right" |{{Nts| 77|}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 169759}} || align="right" | {{Nts|3382}} /km<sup>2</sup><br />
|-<br />
| align="centre"| 3 || [[Thandarampattu taluk|Thandarampattu]] || Thandarampattu || align="right" | {{nts| 691}} km<sup>2</sup> || align="right" |{{Nts| 63|}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 179559}} || align="right" | {{nts| 593}} /km<sup>2</sup><br />
|-<br />
| align="centre"| 4 || [[Chengam taluk|Chengam]] || Chengam || align="right" | {{nts| 510}} km<sup>2</sup> || align="right" |{{Nts| 121|}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 280581}} || align="right" | {{nts| 639}} /km<sup>2</sup><br />
|-<br />
| align="centre"| 5 || [[Aarani taluk|Arani]] || [[Arni, Tiruvannamalai|Arani]] || align="right" | {{nts| 327}} km<sup>2</sup> || align="right" |{{Nts| 55|}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 294976}} || align="right" | {{nts| 673}} /km<sup>2</sup><br />
|-<br />
| align="centre"| 6 || [[Polur taluk|Polur]] || Polur || align="right" | {{nts| 509}} km<sup>2</sup> || align="right" |{{Nts| 111|}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 251685}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 645}} /km<sup>2</sup><br />
|-<br />
| align="centre"| 7 || [[Kalasapakkam]] || [[Kalasapakkam]] || align="right" | {{nts| 532}} km<sup>2</sup> || align="right" |{{Nts| 52|}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 140301}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 618}} /km<sup>2</sup><br />
|-<br />
| align="centre"| 8 || [[Javvadhu Hills|Javvadhumalai]] || [[Jamunamarathoor]] || align="right" | {{nts| 645}} km<sup>2</sup> || align="right" |{{Nts| 42|}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 47271}} || align="right" | {{nts| 291}} /km<sup>2</sup><br />
|-<br />
| align="centre"| 9 || [[Cheyyar taluk|Cheyyar]] || [[Tiruvethipuram]] || align="right" | {{nts| 344}} km<sup>2</sup> || align="right" |{{Nts| 131|}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 218188}} || align="right" | {{nts| 618}} /km<sup>2</sup><br />
|-<br />
| align="centre"| 10 || [[Vandavasi taluk|Vandavasi]] || Vandavasi || align="right" | {{nts| 645}} km<sup>2</sup> || align="right" |{{Nts| 161|}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 275079}} || align="right" | {{nts| 652}} /km<sup>2</sup><br />
|-<br />
| align="centre"| 11 || [[Chettupattu]] || Chettupattu || align="right" | {{nts|493 }} km<sup>2</sup> || align="right" |{{Nts| 76|}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 146806}} || align="right" | {{nts| 588}} /km<sup>2</sup><br />
|-<br />
| align="centre"| 12 || [[Vembakkam]] || Vembakkam || align="right" | {{nts| 310}} km<sup>2</sup> || align="right" |{{Nts| 91|}} || align="right" | {{Nts| 124188}} || align="right" | {{nts| 581}} /km<sup>2</sup><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Municipal corporation===<br />
* [[Tiruvannamalai]]<br />
<br />
===Municipalities===<br />
* [[Arani, Chennai|Arani]]<br />
* [[Cheyyar]] (officially, [[Tiruvethipuram]])<br />
* [[Vandavasi]]<br />
* [[Gandhinagar, Tiruvannamalai|Gandhinagar-Lakshmipuram]]<br />
* [[Chengam]]<br />
* [[Polur]]<br />
<br />
===Town panchayats===<br />
* [[Chetpet]]<br />
* [[Kalambur]]<br />
* [[Kannamangalam, Malappuram|Kannamangalam]]<br />
* [[Kilpennathur]]<br />
* [[Vanapuram]]<br />
* [[Vettavalam]]<br />
* [[Desur]]<br />
* [[Peranamallur]]<br />
* [[Pudupalayam]]<br />
* [[Thyagi Annamalai Nagar]]<br />
* [[Thandarampattu]]<br />
* [[Vembakkam]]<br />
* [[Kalasapakkam]]<br />
* [[Adamangalam-Pudur]]<br />
* [[Jamunamarathoor]]<br />
<br />
===Important cities===<br />
Cities having a population of one lakh and above as per 2011 Census:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf Census of India 2011: ''Provisional Population Totals. Cities having population 1 lakh and above.'']</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!<br />
!City<br />
!Population<br />
!<br />
!City<br />
!Population<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|Tiruvannamalai<br />
| align="right" |3,80,543<br />
| align="center" |9<br />
|[[Gandhinagar, Tiruvannamalai|Gandhinagar-Lakshmipuram]]<br />
| align="right" |45,571<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|[[Arni, Tiruvannamalai|Arani]]<br />
| align="right" |1,43,783<br />
| align="center" |10<br />
|[[Kalambur]]<br />
| align="right" |31,751<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|[[Vandavasi]]<br />
| align="right" |1,16,452<br />
| align="center" |11<br />
|[[Vettavalam]]<br />
| align="right" |28,059<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|Polur<br />
| align="right" |1,01,420<br />
|align="center" |12<br />
|[[Pudupalayam]]<br />
| align="right" |25,374<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|[[Tiruvethipuram]]<br />
| align="right" |87,901<br />
|align="center" |13<br />
|[[Thyagi Annamalai Nagar]]<br />
| align="right" |24,329<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|[[Chengam]]<br />
| align="right" |74,901<br />
|align="center" |14<br />
|[[Peranamallur]]<br />
| align="right" |22,619<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|[[Chettupattu]]<br />
| align="right" |59,580<br />
|align="center" |15<br />
|[[Adamangalam-Pudur]]<br />
| align="right" |21,750<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|Kalasapakkam<br />
| align="right" |46,910<br />
|align="center" |16<br />
|[[Kizh-Pennathur]]<br />
| align="right" |21,308<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Villages===<br />
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a location to this list if they already have their own article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦---> <br />
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---><br />
*[[Devanambattu]]<br />
*[[Hasanamapet]]<br />
*[[Konaiyur]]<br />
*[[Kurumbhur]]<ref>[https://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&q=12.581539,79.620445&ie=UTF-8&gl=in&sa=N&tab=lw#gl=in&hl=en&q=12.581539+north+79.620445+east Kurumbhur]</ref><br />
*[[Mullandrum]]<br />
*[[Nambedu]]<br />
*[[Nochimalai]]<br />
*[[Perungattur]]<br />
*[[Vadugappattu]]<br />
*[[Veerambakkam]]<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
In the District [[Arani, Tiruvannamalai|Arani]] and [[Thiruvannamalai|Tiruvannamalai]] regions are the highest revenue-generating regions.<br />
<br />
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Tiruvannamalai one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the six districts in Tamil Nadu currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=2011-09-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Agriculture==<br />
Tiruvannamalai District is known for its two major businesses, agriculture and silk saree weaving. Rice cultivation and processing is one of the biggest businesses in this district. 112013 hectares of paddy cultivation is irrigated by 1965 lakes and 18 reservoirs and small dams. It has 18 regulated markets through which the farmers sell their agri products directly to the government. Through these regulated markets, 271411 metric tonnes of paddy harvested in 2007. There are many rice mills to process paddy found throughout the district. The modern rice mill near Cheyyar is the biggest government owned mill and [[Arni, Tiruvannamalai|Arani]] has around 278 rice mills. Kalambur is also has around 20 rice mills and known for variety of rice called Kalambur Ponni rice. Kalambur Ponni rice is famous across the state and being shipped to places like Chennai, Coimbatore, Vellore, and the like.<br />
<br />
==Silk weaving==<br />
The district has a large populace of weavers who are specialize in making silk sarees. Hand looms are often engaged for weaving, although recently some have turned to mechanized looms. Arani taluk contributes a high percent of silk weaving. [[Arni, Tiruvannamalai|Arani]] is the most important revenue earning town in the district. Though the town is not popular off the state,{{clarify|date=December 2025}} the bulk of India's [[Silk clothing|silk apparel]] is produced by the people of Arani.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}<br />
<br />
==Industrialization==<br />
The district started to industrialize following the establishment of the industrial complex near Cheyyar by the [[State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu]] (SIPCOT).<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url = http://www.sipcot.com/Industrial_complex_Cheyyar.htm<br />
|title = SIPCOT.com website<br />
|access-date = 2008-08-01<br />
|url-status = dead<br />
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080914125200/http://www.sipcot.com/Industrial_complex_Cheyyar.htm<br />
|archive-date = 2008-09-14<br />
}}</ref> This is evidenced by the recent announcements of a {{convert|250|acre|km2|adj=on}} hi-tech [[Special Economic Zone]] for automative components, a {{convert|300|acre|km2|adj=on}} electronics hardware park and the commitment from the Taiwanese Shoe Company to set up its unit.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/07/28/stories/2007072852722300.htm |title=TN setting up electronic hardware park<br />
|publisher= Business Line |access-date= 2008-08-01}}</ref> In November 2009 the Tamil Nadu cabinet approved the Mahindara and Mahindra's Rs 1800 core automobile project in 450 acres. This unit will produce tractors, SUVs and commercial vehicles and auto parts.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Auto/Automobiles/TN-clears-MMs-1800-cr-auto-project-near-Chennai/articleshow/5224094.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=TN clears M&M's 1800 cr auto project near Chennai | date=2009-11-12}}</ref> Aluminum die cast unit by Ashley Alteams, a joint venture by Ashok Leyland and Finland-based Alteams Oy started its production in January 2010.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/article83290.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=K. T. | last=Jagannathan | title=Ashley Atleams plant inaugurated at Cheyyar | date=20 January 2010}}</ref> This high pressure die cast will manufacture automobile and telecommunication components with an initial capacity of 7000 tons per year.<ref name="machinist">{{cite web|url=http://machinist.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2554&Itemid=2|title=MACHINIST - Ashley Alteams commissions Rs.130 crore manufacturing facility in Cheyyar|publisher=machinist.in|access-date=2014-07-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
One of the largest sugar mills in the country, Cheyyar co-operative sugars, is situated near Cheyyar.<br />
<br />
==Factories==<br />
Since Tiruvannamalai District has its capital at Tiruvannamalai City, there are many factories around Tiruvannamalai. Scent factories are large in number due to the high production of flowers around Tiruvannamalai. These include Hindusthan house hold factories, Sarala birla factory of aroma oil, and Parthiban cottages aroma oil factory.<br />
<br />
The Tamil Nadu government is planning for a [[SIPCOT]] at [[naidumangalam]] and [[kilpennathur]], both near Tiruvannamalai.<br />
<br />
Arani has factories related to rice and silk with in the town and in the Taluk area. There are a few other mills near Arani, such as Lakshmi Saraswathi Cotton mills Arni Pvt Ltd and some engineering industry.<br />
<br />
==Arahanthgiri Jain Math==<br />
{{Main article|Arahanthgiri Jain Math}}<br />
Arahanthgiri Jain Math is a [[Jain]] [[Matha|math]] that was established at this ancient Jain site on 8 February 1998, at Thirumalai, Near Arani.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url = http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/index.php/donations/to-jain-tirths/111-arihantagiri-tirumalai<br />
|title = Arihantagiri - Tirumalai<br />
|access-date = 2012-04-10<br />
|url-status = dead<br />
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121107091818/http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/index.php/donations/to-jain-tirths/111-arihantagiri-tirumalai<br />
|archive-date = 2012-11-07<br />
}}</ref><br />
The complex includes three Jain caves, four [[Jain temples]] and a 16-meter-high sculpture of [[Neminatha]] thought to date from the 12th century that is the tallest Jain idol in Tamil Nadu.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of districts of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [https://tiruvannamalai.nic.in/ Official website]<br />
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1819597 Tiruvannamali district marked on OpenStreetMap]<br />
<br />
{{Geographic location<br />
|Centre = Tiruvannamalai District<br />
|North = Vellore District, [[Chittor District]], Andhra Pradesh<br />
|Northeast = [[Chennai District]]<br />
|East = Kanchipuram District<br />
|Southeast = [[Cuddalore District]]<br />
|South = [[Viluppuram District]]<br />
|Southwest = [[Salem District|salem District, Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|West = Dharmapuri District<br />
|Northwest = Krishnagiri District, [[Bangalore District]], Karnataka<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Tiruvannamalai district}}<br />
{{Tamil Nadu}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiruvannamalai District}}<br />
[[Category:Tiruvannamalai district| ]]<br />
[[Category:Districts of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:States and territories established in 1989]]<br />
[[Category:1989 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pileru_mandal&diff=525495Pileru mandal2026-01-04T07:00:33Z<p>KathieMuriel714: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Mandal in Annamayya district, Andhra Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Pileru Mandal<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = Telugu<br />
| other_name =<br />
| nickname =<br />
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh<br />
| pushpin_label_position =<br />
| pushpin_map_alt =<br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location Of Pileru Mandal Headquarters<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|13.6549|N|78.9471|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|Revenue division]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Pileru revenue division|Pileru]]<br />
| seat_type = [[Headquarters]]<br />
| seat = [[Pileru]]<br />
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of India|Major villages]]<br />
| parts_style = para<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 5172XX<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset = +05:30<br />
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=250|frame-height=180|frame-align=center|type=shape|id=|stroke-colour=#C60C30|stroke-width=2|text=Interactive Map Outlining mandal}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Pileru mandal is one of the 25 mandals in [[Annamayya district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is administered under the [[Pileru revenue division]], with its headquarters located at [[Pileru]]. The mandal is bounded by [[Pulicherla mandal, Chittoor district|Pulicherla]] and [[Rompicherla, Chittoor district|Rompicherla]] mandals of [[Chittoor district]], [[Yerravaripalem]] mandal of [[Tirupati district]], and [[Kalikiri]], and [[K. V. Palle mandal|K. V. Palle]], [[Sodam]] mandals of [[Annamayya district]]. Pileru mandal was formerly part of [[Chittoor district]] and became part of the newly formed [[Annamayya district]] on 4 April 2022, following the district reorganisation undertaken by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sasidhar |first=B. M. |date=2022-04-04 |title=Chittoor, Tirupati, Annamayya districts formed as part of rejig |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/chittoor-tirupati-annamayya-districts-formed-as-part-of-rejig-736459<br />
|access-date=2022-04-06 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref> The mandal continues to be administered under the Pileru revenue division, which was formed on 31 December 2025 as part of the district consolidation and administrative reorganisation carried out by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-31 |title=Two new districts come into existence in Andhra Pradesh |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2025/Dec/31/two-new-districts-come-into-existence-in-andhra-pradesh<br />
|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Vennelakanti |first=Pradeep |date=2026-01-01 |title=Madanapalle becomes district headquarters from today |work=The Hans India |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/madanapalle-becomes-district-headquarters-from-today-1035505<br />
|access-date=2026-01-04}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Towns and villages ==<br />
The settlements in the mandal are listed below:<br />
<br />
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|style=width:450px;|<br />
<br />
# Agraharam <br />
# Avuvaripalle <br />
# Bodumalluvaripalle <br />
# Doddipalle <br />
# Gudarevupalle <br />
# Jandla <br />
# Kavalapalle<br />
# Maddelacheruvu <br />
# Mellacheruvu <br />
# Mudupulavemula <br />
#[[Pileru]]<br />
# Regullu<br />
# Talupula <br />
# Vepulabylu<br />
# Yerraguntlapalle<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Annamayya district}}<br />
[[Category:Mandals in Annamayya district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sahar_Road_metro_station&diff=531803Sahar Road metro station2025-12-26T04:39:40Z<p>KathieMuriel714: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Mumbai Metro's Aqua Line metro station}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox station<br />
| name = {{white|Sahar Road}}<br />
| native_name = {{white|{{nobold|सहार रोड}}}}<br />
| style = Mumbai Metro<br />
| style2 = Aqua<br />
| image = Sahar Road platforms Oct 2024.jpg<br />
| image_upright = 1.3<br />
| image_caption = Platform 1 of Sahar Road station in October 2024<br />
| address = AAI Colony, J B Nagar, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400099<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|19.1021960|N|72.8652361|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br />
| line = {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|3|croute}}<br />
| other = <br />
| structure = Underground<br />
| platform = 1 [[island platform]]<br />
| owned = [[File:Logo of Mumbai Metro Line 3.png|12px|link=Line 3 (Mumbai Metro)]] Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.<br />
| operator = {{rint|delhi|m}} [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]<ref>{{cite news |title=DMRC wins contract to operate Mumbai Metro's Line 3: Officials |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/urban-transportation/dmrc-wins-contract-to-operate-mumbai-metros-line-3-officials/99462230 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 May 2025}}</ref><br />
| depth = <br />
| connections = <br />
| parking = <br />
| bicycle = <br />
| baggage_check = <br />
| opened = {{start date and age|2024|10|5|df=yes}}<br />
| opening = <br />
| closed = <br />
| rebuilt = <br />
| accessible = {{URL|1=https://mmrcl.com/station/SHRR|2=Yes}}<br />
| status = Staffed, Operational<br />
| code = SHRR<br />
| architect = <br />
| architectural_style = <br />
| wifi = <br />
| zone = <br />
| smartcardname = <br />
| smartcardstatus = <br />
| former = <br />
| passengers = <br />
| pass_year = <br />
| pass_rank = <br />
| pass_percent = <br />
| pass_system = <br />
| mpassengers = <br />
| services = {{Adjstn|system=Mumbai Metro|line=3|left=Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - T1|right=Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - T2}}<br />
| route_map = {{Routemap<br />
|inline=1<br />
|legend=track<br />
|map=<br />
utSTR!~MFADEg\utSTR!~MFADEg ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - T2 metro station|CSMI Airport - T2]]<br />
numN270\utSTRg\utSTRf\~~ ~~ ~~<br />
utdSTR\dPLT!~d*2__align=bl\utdSTR<br />
utdSTR\dPLT!~d*1__align=br\utdSTR<br />
cd!~utPSTR(L)\c!~dPLT\utPSTR(R)<br />
utSTRg\utSTRf~~ ~~ ~~<br />
utSTR!~MFADEf\utSTR!~MFADEf ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - T1 metro station|CSMI Airport - T1]]<br />
}}<br />
| map_state = expanded<br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-marker = rail<br />
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|Aqua Line}}<br />
| mapframe-zoom = 14<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sahar Road''' is an underground metro station on the North-South corridor of the [[Aqua Line (Mumbai Metro)|Aqua Line 3]] of [[Mumbai Metro]] in [[Mumbai]], India. This metro station was inaugurated on 5 October 2024 by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], followed by the commencement of the metro service from 7 October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-07 |title=Mumbai Metro Line 3 Opens: Check Stations, Route, Fare, Timings And More |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/nation/mumbai-metro-line-3-opens-for-public-route-fare-timings-and-more |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=NDTV Profit}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Metro-3 Second Phase On Track: Aarey-BKC Services Begin, Link To Cuffe Parade May Be Ready by 2025 |url=https://www.news18.com/india/mumbai-metro-3-second-phase-on-track-aarey-bkc-services-begin-bkc-to-cuffe-parade-link-may-be-ready-by-2025-9076938.html |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-07 |title=Mumbai's first underground metro route 'line 3' opens for public today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbais-first-underground-metro-route-line-3-to-open-for-public-from-today/articleshow/114001694.cms |access-date=2024-11-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-07 |title=Mumbai's first underground metro line from Aarey to BKC now open for public – Check stations, timings, fares for Mumbai Metro Line 3 here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-mumbais-first-underground-metro-line-from-aarey-to-bkc-to-open-for-public-today-check-stations-timings-fares-for-mumbai-metro-line-3-here-3632350/ |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Financial Express}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Station Layout==<br />
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Ground level<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=400 valign=top|Exit/Entrance<br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50valign="top" |'''S'''<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50valign="top" |Subway level<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign="top" |Subway below Sahar Road<br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|'''L1'''<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Concourse<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Customer Service, Shops, Vending machine, ATMs<br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=3 valign=top|'''L2<br>Platforms'''<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=85 height=45|<span style=color:#{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|3}}>'''Platform 2'''</span><br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=400|{{0|←}} Towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|3|right}} <small>([[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - T2 metro station|CSMI Airport - T2]])</small> →<br />
|-<br />
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|<small>[[Island platform]] {{access icon}}</small><br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 height=45|<span style=color:#{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|3}}>'''Platform 1'''</span><br />
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="400" |← Towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|3|left}} <small>([[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - T1 metro station|CSMI Airport - T1]])</small><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Entry/Exit==<br />
*'''A1''' - Western Express Highway, Marol<ref name=map>{{cite web |title=Sahar Road Station Details |url=https://mmrcl.com/station/SHRR |website=MMRCL |access-date=17 May 2025}}</ref><br />
*'''A2/A3''' - Sahar Village, Sahar Cargo<ref name=map/><br />
*'''A4/A5''' - Sahar Village, Chakala [J.B Nagar]<ref name=map/><br />
*'''B1''' - Sahar Cargo, Chakala [J.B Nagar]<ref name=map/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Mumbai]]<br />
*[[Public transport in Mumbai]]<br />
*[[List of Mumbai Metro stations]]<br />
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]<br />
*[[List of Metro Systems]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://mmrcl.com/en/ The official site of Mumbai Metro]<br />
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.<br />
<br />
{{Portal bar|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}<br />
{{Mumbai Metro navbox|line 3=yes}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mumbai Metro stations]]<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2024]]<br />
[[Category:2024 establishments in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Andheri]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neha_Joshi&diff=521566Neha Joshi2025-12-24T09:48:44Z<p>KathieMuriel714: New...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian film and television actress}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Neha Joshi<br />
| image = Neha Joshi.jpg<br />
| alt = Neha Joshi<br />
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br />
| birth_date = <br />
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actress|film producer}}<br />
| yearsactive = 2000–present<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Omkar Kulkarni|2022}}<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-was-on-sets-within-a-week-of-my-marriage-neha-joshi/articleshow/94798696.cms | title=I was on sets within a week of my marriage: Neha Joshi | newspaper=The Times of India | date=12 October 2022 }}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Neha Joshi''' is an Indian actress who works in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] and [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]] films and television. Her works include ''[[Zenda (film)|Zenda]]'' (2010), ''[[Hawaa Hawaai]]'' (2014) and ''[[Poshter Boyz]]'' (2014). Joshi played [[B. R. Ambedkar]]'s mother Bhima in the serial ''[[Ek Mahanayak – Dr. B. R. Ambedkar]]'' on [[&TV]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ek-mahanayak-dr-b-r-ambedkar-actor-neha-joshi-says-ive-always-been-experimental-at-heart/articleshow/72406094.cms |title='Ek Mahanayak - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar' actor Neha Joshi says, 'I've always been experimental at heart' - The Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
<br />
During her college days, she actively participated in inter-collegiate drama competitions. She started her acting career from the commercial Marathi Stage Drama ''Kshan Ek Pure''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-27 |title=Neha Joshi on World Theatre Day: Theatre is like oxygen to me |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/neha-joshi-on-world-theatre-day-theatre-is-like-oxygen-to-me/articleshow/99033794.cms |access-date=2025-05-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and Television career from the Marathi serial ''Oon Paus'' in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marathi Tv Serial Oon Paus - Full Cast and Crew |url=https://nettv4u.com/about/marathi/tv-serials/oon-paus/all-cast-and-crew |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
She married writer Omakar Kulkarni on 16 August 2022 <ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-was-on-sets-within-a-week-of-my-marriage-neha-joshi/articleshow/94798696.cms | title=I was on sets within a week of my marriage: Neha Joshi | newspaper=The Times of India | date=12 October 2022 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
<br />
She has acted in various Marathi films, commercial dramas and Marathi television serials. She also acted in a few Hindi films. Her role in the Marathi film ''[[Poshter Boyz]]'', directed by Sameer Patil received critical appreciation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zore |first=Prasanna D. |title=Review: Poshter Boyz is a laugh riot |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/review-poshter-boyz-is-a-laugh-riot/20140801.htm#:~:text=Neha%20Joshi%20as%20a%20wife%20who%20yearns,baby-boy%20matches%20the%20three%20male%20leads,%20scene-for-scene.&text=Rediff%20Rating:%20(1.5%20stars%20to%20Neha%20Joshi,for%20pulling%20off%20such%20an%20amazing%20film). |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref> In 2016, she also produced the Marathi short film ''Ukali''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-12-25 |title=Neha Joshi turns producer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/neha-joshi-turns-producer/articleshow/56171317.cms |access-date=2025-05-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===Films===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title <br />
!Role!! Language<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2009|| ''[[Zenda (film)|Zenda]]'' <br />
| Pooja|| Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''Sundar Majha Ghar''<br />
| || Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| 2012|| ''Swapna Tujhe Ni Majhe'' <br />
| || Marathi<br />
|- <br />
| rowspan="3" | 2013|| ''Jab Love Hua'' <br />
| || Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Prem Mhanje Prem Mhanje Prem Asta]]''<br />
| || Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bach Ke Zaraa Bhoot Bangle Mein]]''<br />
| || Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2014|| ''[[Nati (film)|Nati]]'' || Manjula ||Marathi <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Hawaa Hawaai]]'' <br />
|Taramati|| Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Poshter Boyz]]''<br />
| Sadanand's wife|| Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''Saturday Sunday'' <br />
| || Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2015|| ''Dream Mall'' <br />
|Sai|| Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''Sachai Ni Jeet'' <br />
| || Gujarati<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2016|| ''[[Poshter Girl]]''<br />
|Priyanka|| Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Lalbaugchi Rani]]'' <br />
|Sweety|| Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2017|| ''[[Baghtos Kay Mujra Kar]]'' <br />
| Nanasaheb's wife|| Marathi<br />
|-<br />
|''Ukli''<br />
|Anuradha<br />
|Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2018|| ''One Night Out''<br />
| || Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Nude (2018 film)|Nude]]''<br />
|Maanik<br />
|Marathi<br />
|-<br />
|''Aaron''<br />
|Kaku<br />
|Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Farzand]]'' <br />
|Kamali|| Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| 2019|| ''[[Nashibvaan]]''<br />
|Reshma|| Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2020<br />
|''Aathshe Khidkya Navshe Daar''<br />
|Jai<br />
|Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Medium Spicy]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=Medium Spicy Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/medium-spicy/movieshow/69262666.cms |access-date=24 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sakaltimes.com/art-culture/neha-joshi-and-pushkaraj-chirputkar-join-%E2%80%98medium-spicy%E2%80%99-40455 |title=Neha Joshi and Pushkaraj Chirputkar join 'Medium Spicy' |date=9 September 2019 |website=sakaltimes.com |language=en |access-date=24 March 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <br />
| Nissim's sister || Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| 2022|| ''[[Drishyam 2 (2022 film)|Drishyam 2 ]]''<br />
|Jenny Thomas<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|''Sapala''<ref>{{cite web |title=Sapala Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date, Budget, Exclusive - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/sapala-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=17 March 2024 |date=26 January 2024}}</ref><br />
|<br />
|Marathi<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year <br />
! Title <br />
! Role <br />
! Language <br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2005 <br />
| ''Oon Paaus'' <br />
| <br />
| rowspan = "4" | Marathi <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2009–2010 <br />
| ''[[Avaghachi Sansar]]'' <br />
| Sanyogeeta Bhonsle <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2014–2016 <br />
| ''[[Ka Re Durava]]'' <br />
| Rajani Deshmukh <br />
|{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}} <br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''Jyotiba Aani Savitribai Phule''<br />
| [[Savitribai Phule]]<br />
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Is Neha Joshi heading Tollywood? - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/neha-joshi-heading-tollywood/articleshow/59052803.cms |access-date=5 July 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 June 2017 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019–2020 <br />
| ''[[Ek Mahanayak – Dr. B. R. Ambedkar]]'' <br />
| Bhima Sakpal Ambedkar <br />
| rowspan = "3" | Hindi<br />
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Marathi actress Neha Joshi to debut as a mother with upcoming show Ek Mahanayak- Dr. B.R Ambedkar - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/marathi-actress-neha-joshi-to-debut-as-a-mother-with-upcoming-show-ek-mahanayak-dr-b-r-ambedkar/articleshow/72890097.cms |access-date=5 July 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 December 2019 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2022–2023<br />
| ''Doosri Maa'' <br />
| Yashoda <br />
| <ref>{{cite web|title=&TV Presents A Touching Tale On Motherhood With 'Doosri Maa'|access-date=15 September 2022|work=ABP News|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/tv-presents-a-touching-tale-on-motherhood-with-doosri-maa-1553406/amp}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2023–present <br />
| ''[[Atal (TV series)|Atal]]'' <br />
| Krishna Vajpayee <br />
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/exclusive-neha-joshi-on-playing-krishna-devi-vajpayee-in-atal-im-confident-in-bringing-fresh-perspective-1262518 | title=EXCLUSIVE: Neha Joshi on playing Krishna Devi Vajpayee in Atal: 'I'm confident in bringing fresh perspective' | date=December 2023 }}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|4285133}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Neha}}<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Pune]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi television]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi theatre]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamal_al-Din_Gurg&diff=507902Kamal al-Din Gurg2025-12-23T08:13:09Z<p>KathieMuriel714: Done</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Afghan General of the Delhi Sultanate}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br />
''Malik'' '''Kamāl al-Dīn "Gurg"''' or '''Kamaluddin-e Gurg''' ({{langx|fa|کمال الدین گرگ}}; died late 1315 or early 1316), was a general of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] ruler [[Alauddin Khalji]]. He played an important role in Alauddin's conquest of the [[Siege of Siwana|Siwana]] (1308) and [[Siege of Jalore|Jalore]] (1311) forts. After Alauddin's death, he was sent by [[Malik Kafur]] to suppress a revolt in Gujarat, where he was killed.<br />
<br />
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<br />
== Early life ==<br />
<br />
Kamal al-Din (also transliterated as Kamaluddin) belonged to a family that originated from Kabul in present-day Afghanistan. He was known as "''Gurg''" ("the wolf").{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=177}}<br />
<br />
== Military conquests ==<br />
{{main|Siege of Siwana|Siege of Jalore}}<br />
<br />
After other generals of Alauddin failed to capture the [[Siwana]] fort in the preceding years, in 1308, he personally led an expedition to Siwana. Kamal al-Din accompanied Alauddin in this campaign, and held charge of the [[siege engine]]s (''munjaniqs'').{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=396}} After the Delhi army captured the fort, it was renamed Khayrabad, and assigned to Kamal al-Din.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=198}}<br />
<br />
In 1311, Alauddin sent an army to capture Siwana's neighbour [[Jalore Fort|Jalore]]. After his other generals failed to capture the fort, he dispatched Kamal al-Din to conquer it.{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=51}} Kamalauddin captured the fort after a siege that resulted in the deaths of the defending ruler [[Kanhadadeva]] and his son [[Viramadeva]].{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=53}} After this victory, Kamal al-Din held the [[iqta']] of Jalor.{{sfn|Iqtidar Alam Khan|2008|p=85}}<br />
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== Last days ==<br />
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During the last days of Alauddin's reign, Kamal al-Din allied with Alauddin's slave-general [[Malik Kafur]], who held the executive power during Alauddin's sickness. The two men were probably part of a group of non-[[Khalaj people|Khalaj]] officers that tried to seize power from the Khalaj establishment of the Sultanate. According to the chronicler [[Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi]], in 1315, Kamal al-Din participated in Malik Kafur's murder of [[Alp Khan]], an influential rival nobleman, the governor of [[Gujarat]] and Alauddin's brother in-law. Alp Khan had been accused of conspiring to kill Alauddin, but this might have been Kafur's propaganda.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|pp=176–177}}<br />
<br />
The news of Alp Khan's murder led to a revolt in Gujarat, and Kafur sent Kamal al-Din to suppress the revolt.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=177}} Kamal al-Din was killed in late 1315 or early 1316 in Gujarat, during a military operation.{{sfn|Iqtidar Alam Khan|2008|p=85}} His son Taj al-Din Hushang (or Hoshang) inherited the 'iqta of Jalor,{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=177}} and later served as the ''muqta'' (provincial governor) of [[Hansi]].{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=268}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
=== Bibliography ===<br />
<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Ashok Kumar Srivastava |title=The Chahamanas of Jalor |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |year=1979 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547206 |oclc=12737199 }}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |author-link=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |chapter=The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji |editor=Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526) |volume=5 |edition=Second |year=1992 |orig-year=1970 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ |oclc=31870180 }}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Iqtidar Alam Khan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGSKTttoa3IC&pg=PR17 |title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval India |publisher=Scarecrow |year=2008 |isbn=9780810864016 }}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Peter Jackson |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA221 |year=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 }}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
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{{Alauddin Khalji}}<br />
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[[Category:Alauddin Khalji]]<br />
[[Category:Afghan Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:1310s deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
[[Category:Year of death uncertain]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kabul]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vemula_mandal&diff=544072Vemula mandal2025-12-06T07:15:10Z<p>KathieMuriel714: adding initial data and citations</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Vemula<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = te<br />
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| subdivision_name2 = [[YSR Kadapa district|YSR Kadapa]]<br />
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<br />
'''Vemula''' is a [[mandal]] in [[YSR Kadapa district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is part of the [[Pulivendula revenue division|Pulivendula Revenue Division]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dara |first=Gopi |date=2022-06-30 |title=Vijayawada: Chief minister YS Jagan Mohan Reddy’s Pulivendula is now a revenue division |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/jagans-pulivendula-is-now-a-revenue-division/articleshow/92559476.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715061127/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/jagans-pulivendula-is-now-a-revenue-division/articleshow/92559476.cms |archive-date=2022-07-15 |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Mandals in Kadapa district]]<br />
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{{Kadapa-geo-stub}}</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peddathippasamudram&diff=468099Peddathippasamudram2025-12-02T07:16:14Z<p>KathieMuriel714: minor edit</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Peddathippasamudram<br />
| other_name = P T M<br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = [[Village]]<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-zoom = 14<br />
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|13.7167|N|78.2000|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh|Mandal]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = Peddathippasamudram<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = School on 1960<br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
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| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
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| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --><br />
| postal_code = <br />
| registration_plate = AP<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Peddathippasamudram''' (P.T.M.) is a village in [[Annamayya district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is the mandal headquarters of Peddathippasamudram mandal.<ref name=map>{{cite web |title=Chittoor District Mandals |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part32.pdf|publisher=Census of India |accessdate=19 June 2015|pages=466, 513|format=PDF}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Villages in Annamayya district]]<br />
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Annamayya district]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shyam_Sunder_Singh_Dheeraj&diff=464877Shyam Sunder Singh Dheeraj2025-11-16T17:36:17Z<p>KathieMuriel714: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{BLP one source|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Shyam Sunder Singh Dheeraj<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| office = Working President [[Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee]]<br />
| term_start = 22 September 2018<br />
}}<br />
'''Shyam Sunder Singh Dheeraj''' was a Minister in Bihar Government and member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]. {{When|date=August 2025}}He was also a working president of [[Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee|Bihar Pradesh (state) Congress Committee]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/bihar-congress-gets-one-president-four-working-presidents-2778474.html|title=Bihar Congress gets one president and four working presidents|date=18 September 2018|publisher=}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
<references /><br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dheeraj, Shyam Sunder Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1980–1985]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1985–1990]]<br />
[[Category:Samata Party politicians]]<br />
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{{Bihar-INC-politician-stub}}</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anand_Thakore&diff=486277Anand Thakore2025-10-16T15:54:35Z<p>KathieMuriel714: stub.</p>
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<div>'''Anand Thakore''' (born 17 February 1971) is a [[poet]] and [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical vocalist]]. ''Elephant Bathing'' (Poetrywala, 2012), ''Mughal Sequence'' (Poetrywala, 2012) and ''Waking in December'' (Harbour Line, 2001) are his three collections of verse.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He received training in Hindustani vocal music for many years from [[Satyasheel Deshpande]] and Pandit Baban Haldankar of the [[Agra Gharana]]. He is the founder of Harbour Line, a publishing collective, and ''Kshitij'', an interactive forum for musicians.<ref>{{cite web|author=tata_admin |url=http://www.litlive.in/?p=481 |title=event2 « Tata Litlive! 2015 |publisher=Litlive.in |date=2014-12-29 |accessdate=2016-01-11}}</ref><br />
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== Early life and background ==<br />
<br />
Anand Thakore was born in [[Mumbai]] in 1971. His father Sandeep Thakore was a sitar enthusiast and a disciple of the late Ustad Mohammed Khan Beenkaar. As a child he was fascinated by [[Hindu Mythology]] and [[Indian classical music]] and [[Indian classical dance|dance]]. His Grandmother, Kapila Thakore was an award-winning Gujarati children's writer and translator.<br />
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He spent a part of his childhood in the UK and has lived in India since then. He was educated at [[Solihull School]], in the West Midlands, and at [[Cathedral and John Connon School]], Mumbai. While in the UK, he received instruction in Western choral singing and violin. On returning to Mumbai he studied Hindustani vocal music under Ustad Aslam Khan and Pandit Satyasheel Deshpande, senior disciple of [[Kumar Gandharva|Pandit Kumar Gandharva]].<br />
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He gave his first public performance at the Vitaan Festival of Music and Dance, 1989, hosted by the Sheriff of Mumbai. He has been giving public concerts and '[[mehfil]]s' regularly since. While learning music he simultaneously developed a passion for [[English literature]] and various Indian languages: [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]], [[Sanskrit]] and [[Braj Bhasha]]. In addition to writing poetry in English, he began, in his late teens, to compose his own Hindustani compositions with Braj and Hindi lyrics.<br />
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He earned a BA in English Literature from the [[University of Mumbai]] where he also studied courses in [[Sanskrit literature]]. He then earned an MA in English Literature from the [[University of Pune]].<br />
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== Literary career and style ==<br />
<br />
Anand Thakore has been writing verse in English since his teens. He is the author of three books of verse ''Elephant Bathing'', ''Mughal Sequence'' and ''Waking in December''. He has also authored a number of critical essays on music and poetry and a pamphlet of 'Khayal' lyrics in Hindi.<br />
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Thakore's poems first appeared in Literature alive, a British Council Journal.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NN48WUBx_54C&dq=literature+alive+british+council&pg=PA21 Anand Thakore's poem in Literature alive]</ref> His work has appeared in various national and international journals<ref>[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17449850701430671 Journal of Postcolonial Writing Volume 43, Issue 2, 2007]</ref> and anthologies since then. He has read work at major literary festivals<ref>[http://www.litlive.in/?p=481 Anand Thakore at Tata literature live!, The Mumbai Litfest]</ref><br />
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Post-Colonial critic Bruce King points out in [[World Literature Today]] ( Vol. 75, No. 3/4, Summer - Autumn, 2001, p.&nbsp;136) : "That Thakore is a classical singer shows in his imagery and complex patterns of sound, and in the texture of his verse. There is a song-like quality about his verse".<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40156810 World Literature Today Vol. 75, No. 3/4 (Summer - Autumn, 2001) on jstor.org]</ref><br />
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[[Jeet Thayil]] writes about Anand Thakore in the book ''The Bloodaxe Book of Contemporary Indian Poets (Newcastle: Bloodaxe, 2008)'' : "Both cultures feed and animate his work. His poems have a line and weight reminiscent of mid-twentieth century British verse; his music reaches out to antiquity".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bloodaxebooks.com/titlepage.asp?isbn=1852248017 |title=The Bloodaxe Book of Contemporary Indian Poets (Newcastle: Bloodaxe, 2008) |access-date=2013-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519214655/http://www.bloodaxebooks.com/titlepage.asp?isbn=1852248017 |archive-date=2010-05-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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"From a child who grew up partly in England writing prose, Thakore evolved into a teenager who explored Braj lyrics, which he had to sing as a student of music. His love for poetry took him to literary greats who lived in Mumbai such as Adil Jussawalla, [[Dom Moraes]] and [[Gieve Patel]] who guided him through the jungle of words. But he considers [[Hart Crane]] as one of his earliest poetic influences&nbsp;... The metre and discipline of traditional verse forms helped Thakore find a 'deeper integration of ideas and meanings.' "Free verse," he says, "was driving me crazy. There was too much linguistic and cultural chaos in my head'." - Anupama Raju, [[The Hindu]].<ref name=":0">[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-literaryreview/article662166.ece Music of the spoken word, Anupama Raju, The Hindu]</ref><br />
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In 2001 Anand Thakore co-founded ''Harbour Line'' - a publishing collective devoted to English verse on the Indian subcontinent. ''Harbour Line'' was founded in collaboration with poets Jane Bhandari, ( 'Aquarius',2002, {{ISBN|81-902981-1-9}}), Deepankar Khiwani ('Entr'acte', 2006, {{ISBN|81-902981-2-7}}) and Vivek Narayanan (Universal Beach, 2006, {{ISBN|81-902981-3-5}}).<br />
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The verse of ''Waking in December'', Thakore's first book shows a reverence for definite form and an interest in classical structures like the [[sonnet]] and the [[villanelle]],<ref>[http://openspaceindia.org/item/vacillations-of-a-recondite-nudist.html Vacillations Of A Recondite Nudist on http://openspaceindia.org]</ref> exemplified in poems like ''Chandri Villa''<ref>[http://openspaceindia.org/item/chandri-villa.html Chandri Villa on openspaceindia.org]</ref> or ''What I can Get away with''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081012074455/http://www.hindu.com/lr/2008/10/05/stories/2008100550170500.htm Literary review of Sixty Indian Poets in The Hindu. October 05, 2008.]</ref> This interest in classical forms is linked to his training as a Hindustani classical vocalist and composer.<br />
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In 2006 he received a Charles Wallace India Trust<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.britishcouncil.in/study-uk/charles-wallace-india-trust |title=Charles Wallace India Trust |access-date=2013-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301092210/http://www.britishcouncil.in/study-uk/charles-wallace-india-trust |archive-date=2013-03-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> grant for an experimental music-poetry collaboration in the UK with composer and guitarist [[Pete M Wyer|Pete Wyer]]. He has a number of recorded readings with music - both Hindustani and western- some now available with his books of verse.<br />
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His poems and critical essays on music and poetry have appeared in leading national and international journals and anthologies. His poetry in included in ''Anthology of Contemporary Indian Poetry''<ref>{{cite web|title=Anthology of Contemporary Indian Poetry|url=http://bigbridge.org/BB17/poetry/indianpoetryanthology/Anand_Thakore.html|publisher=BigBridge.Org|accessdate=9 June 2016}}</ref> ( United States ).<br />
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Anand Thakore was judge and a co-editor for the first [[Montreal International Poetry Prize]] (2011) with [[Valerie Bloom]], [[Fred D'Aguiar]], [[John Kinsella (poet)|John Kinsella]] and [[Stephanie Bolster]], amongst others.<ref>[http://montrealprize.com/about-us/2011-competition/editorial-board Editorial board of Montreal International Poetry Prize 2011]</ref><br />
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== Publications ==<br />
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=== Books ===<br />
* ''Mughal Sequence'' (Poetrywala, 2012). {{ISBN|978-81-922254-3-2}}<ref>[http://punemirror.in/article/101/20120524201205240815465811b1e73f9/Some-Mughal-Musings.html Some Mughal Musings by Eunice de Souza in Pune Mirror.in]{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.caravanmagazine.in/bookshelf/mughal-sequence Mughal Sequence published at The Caravan - A Journal of Politics and Culture ]</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20140419085455/http://www.wherevent.com/detail/Anand-Thakore-BOOK-LAUNCH-Anand-Thakore-MUGHAL-SEQUENCE-and-ELEPHANT-BATHING Book launch of Mughal Sequence and Elephant Bathing]</ref><br />
* ''Elephant Bathing'' (Poetrywala, 2012). {{ISBN|978-81-922254-4-9}}<ref name=":1">[http://www.thehindu.com/arts/books/idioms-and-images/article3968307.ece Newspaper article about ''Elephant Bathing'' by Gopikrishnan Kottoor in ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201021826/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/books/idioms-and-images/article3968307.ece |date=2012-12-01 }}[[The Hindu]] October 6, 2010</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tehelka.com/dalrymple-rushdie-top-authors-reading-list-in-2012 |title=writer-academic Amit Chaudhuri's comments about Anand Thakore's ''Elephant Bathing'' |access-date=2013-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517042819/http://tehelka.com/dalrymple-rushdie-top-authors-reading-list-in-2012/ |archive-date=2013-05-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/981453.aspx |title=Rushdie, Dalrymple top authors' reading list in 2012 - Hindustan Times |website=www.hindustantimes.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227224041/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/981453.aspx |archive-date=27 December 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121227170325/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Books/LiteraryBuzz/Rushdie-Dalrymple-top-authors-reading-list-in-2012/Article1-981453.aspx Rushdie, Dalrymple top authors' reading list in 2012, Hidustan Times, PTI New Delhi, December 27, 2012]</ref><br />
* ''Waking in December'' (Harbour Line, 2001). {{ISBN|81-902981-0-0}}<ref>[https://archive.today/20140419085421/http://www.hindu.com/2001/09/02/stories/1302017u.htm Article on Waking in December, The Hindu, September 2, 2001]</ref><br />
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=== Essays ===<br />
* ''On the Music of 'A Missing Person': Adil Jussawalla and the Craft of Despair'' (New Quest, Pune, Ed. [[Dilip Chitre]])<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032123/http://www.poetryinternationalweb.net/pi/site/cou_article/item/2690 On the Music of 'A Missing Person': Adil Jussawalla and the Craft of Despair on poetryinternationalweb.net. November 01, 2004]}}</ref><br />
* ''Myth and Monologue'' (New Quest, Pune, Issue 167, 2007, ed. Dilip Chitre)<br />
* ''If Music be the food of speech'' (New Quest, issue 169, 2007, ed. Dilip Chitre)<ref>[http://www.kshitijmusic.org/library_text_anand_thakore_If_Music_Be_The_Food_Of_Speech.html If Music be the food of speech on kshitijmusic.org]</ref><br />
<br />
=== Editorial work ===<br />
* {{cite book |title=Global Poetry Anthology: 2011 |publisher=Vehicle Press |location=Montreal |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-55065-318-2|editor-first1=Eric |editor-last1=Ormsby | editor-first2=Arand |editor-last2=Thakore}} <br />
* {{cite book |title=Sarpa Satra |publisher=Pras Prakashan |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-902110-1-7}}<br />
<br />
=== Anthologised Poems ===<br />
<br />
Thakore's poetry has appeared in the following anthologies amongst others:<br />
<br />
* ''The HarperCollins Book of English Poetry'' (Harper Collins, 2012 ed. [[Sudeep Sen]])<ref>{{cite web | access-date=2013-03-31 | archive-date=2013-05-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517032438/http://harpercollins.co.in/BookDetail.asp?Book_Code=3375 | url=http://harpercollins.co.in/BookDetail.asp?Book_Code=3375 | title=The HarperCollins Book of English Poetry | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20140419085434/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Books/booksreviews/Waxing-poetic/Article1-930189.aspx Review : The Harper Collins Book of English Poetry by Manjula Narayan, Hindustan Times. September 15, 2012 ]</ref><br />
* ''Sixty Indian Poets'' (Penguin India 2008, ed. Jeet Thayil)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081012074455/http://www.hindu.com/lr/2008/10/05/stories/2008100550170500.htm Literary Review, The Hindu, October 5, 2008]</ref><br />
* ''Reasons For Belonging'' (Viking, 2002, ed. [[Ranjit Hoskote]]). {{ISBN|0-670-89094-4}}<br />
* ''Journal of Postcolonial Writing'' (Oxford, UK, 2007 ed. [[Janet Wilson]])<ref>[http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rjpw20/43/2 Journal of Postcolonial Writing on tandfonline.com]</ref><br />
* ''Poetry Wales'' (Summer Issue 2002, Bridgend, Wales ed. [[Robert Minhinnick]])<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040117095914/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/08/04/stories/2002080400130201.htm Literary review of Poetry Wales in The Hindu. August 04, 2002]</ref><br />
* ''Fulcrum Three'' (Cambridge, MA, USA, 2004, ed. Philip Nikolayev)<ref>[http://fulcrumpoetry.org/issues/3/ Fulcrum Three on fulcrumpoetry.org]</ref><br />
* ''The Bloodaxe book of Contemporary Indian Poets'' (Bloodaxe, UK, 2008 ed. Jeet Thayil)<ref>[http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/571649416.pdf pdf file containing index of The Bloodaxe book of Contemporary Indian Poets]</ref><br />
* ''Both Sides Of The Sky'' (National Book trust, India, 2008, ed. [[Eunice de Souza]])<ref>[https://openlibrary.org/books/OL22975831M/Both_sides_of_the_sky Both Sides Of The Sky on http://openlibrary.org]</ref><br />
* ''Poetry with Prakriti'' (Prakriti Foundation, 2009)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prakritifoundation.com/events09/poetrywp/poetrywp.html |title=Poetry with Prakriti on prakritifoundation.com |access-date=2013-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043947/http://www.prakritifoundation.com/events09/poetrywp/poetrywp.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Musical career and style ==<br />
<br />
As a child, Anand Thakore learnt Hindustani vocal music, [[sitar]] and [[Tabla]]. When the family moved to England for a period, he studied rudimentary western musical theory, and violin and sang soprano in the Solihull Chapel Choir. He has always maintained a strong interest in [[Classical music|Western Classical music]] and jazz though fusion as such, is not his choice of form. On returning to Mumbai he trained for a while with Ustad Aslam Khan of the [[Jaipur-Atrauli gharana|Atrauli Gharana]]; though most of his training has been under Pandit Satyasheel Deshpande, senior disciple of Pandit Kumar Gandharva.<br />
<br />
Inspired by his Guru, Pandit Satyasheel Deshpande and Pandit Kumar Gandharva (whose music he had the good fortune to listen to at close quarters), Anand Thakore began to compose his own compositions at the age of sixteen, working with Hindi Lyrics in the traditional form known as the [[Bandish]]. In addition to being taught a host of traditional compositions from different gharana-s and sources, he was also initiated into various aspects of gayaki ( i.e. modes of improvisation and raga-development) and he was encouraged to seek out his own mode of presentation and expression. He played a supportive role in the musicological research and documentational activities at the Samvaad Foundation<ref>[http://www.satyasheel.com/samvaad-foundation Samvaad foundation on satyasheel.com]</ref> run by his Guru, where he had the good fortune to interact with a wide spectrum of artists of the older generation; to vocally accompany and comparatively analyse the music of such stalwarts as Ustad Salamat Ali, [[Ramashreya Jha|Pandit Ramashreya Jha]], [[K. G. Ginde|Pandit K G Ginde]], and Pandit Sharadchandra Arolkar, amongst others.<br />
<br />
In 1994 he received a scholarship to study music full-time from the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)]]. He then studied music for several years under Pandit Baban Haldankar of the Agra Gharana. This ''Taleem'' (training) familiarized him with a large number of Agra-Gharana compositions and various aspects of the Agra tradition: ''Bol-alaap'', ''Nom-tom'' ''alaap'' and ''Layakari''.<br />
<br />
Thakore's first professional concert was at the Vitaan Festival of Music and Dance 1989, hosted by the Sheriff of Mumbai. He has accompanied his Guru-s and performed across the country as a soloist at mehfil-s and music festivals since then.<ref>[http://underscorerecords.com/events/detail/437 Dr. Pt. Chandrashekhar Rele Smriti Sangeet Utsav]</ref><br />
<br />
In 2001 he co-founded Kshitij, an interactive forum for musicians, devoted to the spirit of the live Hindustani ''mehfil''. Kshitij was founded in collaboration with vocalists [[Sanjeev Chimmalgi]], Kedar Bodas, Krishna Bhat and Tabla accompanist Rupak Kharvandikar. The group has organized concerts of senior and younger artists in semi-private soirees as well as public auditoriums. It also functions as a musicians' salon, repeatedly creating space for interaction between musicians, connoisseurs,critics and musicologists.<br />
<br />
In 2006 he received a grant from the Charles Wallace India Trust to work on a collaborative experimental project with British composer and jazz-guitarist [[Pete M Wyer|Pete Wyer]]. A participant in the ''[[Time Structured Mapping]]'' project, he collaborated with soprano Evelyne Beech, microtonal vocalist Toby Twining, Pianist Burkhard Finke and the [[Orchestra of the Swan]] on a piece called ''Four Bridges''; a score or ''Time Structured Map'', with scope for improvisation, simultaneously recorded in various parts of the world.<br />
<br />
In 2009 Anand Thakore presented ''Sabadpiya Ki Khoj'', a concert and presentation at the [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)|National Centre for the Performing Arts]], Mumbai,<ref>[http://www.ncpamumbai.com/event/sabadpiya-ki-khoj Sabadpiya ki khoj on ncpamumbai.com]</ref> focusing on his work as a composer of ''bandish-es'' composed under the ''Takhallus'' or pseudonym ''Sabadpiya'' (''sabadpiya'' implying ''lover of the word'' and reminiscent of Agra gharana pen-names like [[Khadim Hussain Khan|Ustad Khadim Hussain]] ''Sajan piya'' etc.) The event brought together his work both as a composer in Hindustani [[Raga]] and [[Tala (music)|Tala]] and as a lyric-writer in Hindi. A pamphlet of the words of these compositions brought out by Kshitij was also published at the event.<br />
<br />
Guldasta-e-Khayal (2011) is his latest Hindustani classical CD. The CD features a live 'mehfil' in Mumbai with ragas Multani, Tilak Kamod, Darbari and Malkauns and is distributed by Underscore Records Pvt. ltd.<br />
<br />
== Discography ==<br />
<br />
* Guldasta-e-Khayal ( Underscore Records Pvt. Ltd. 2011)<ref>[http://underscorerecords.com/catalog/detail/524/Guldasta-e-Khayal Guldasta-e-Khayal on underscorerecords.com]</ref><br />
* Live Mehfil ( Musicians' Guild, 2009)<br />
<br />
== Awards and recognition ==<br />
<br />
* He is the recipient of a National scholarship for music from the Ministry of Human Resource Development, a grant from the Charles Wallace India Trust for experimental work in the UK.<br />
* He has received "Sur-mani" award for excellence in classical music, conferred by the Sur Singar Samsad.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.kshitijmusic.org/core_anand_thakore1.html Anand Thakore on Khitij Group]<br />
* [http://www.dnaindia.com/mobile/report.php?n=1120772 An afternoon of Renaissance men. An article by Malavika Sangghvi] in [[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]], Mumbai. September 11, 2012<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakore, Anand}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1971 births]]<br />
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]<br />
[[Category:English-language Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male poets]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male classical singers]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sangbad_Pratidin&diff=458033Sangbad Pratidin2025-09-14T17:25:37Z<p>KathieMuriel714: update citations for accuracy and fixed typos per sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian newspaper}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox newspaper<br />
| name = Sangbad Pratidin<br />
| logo = Sangbad Pratidin Logo.png<br />
| image = Sangbad Pratidin Newspaper Front Page.jpeg<br />
| caption = The 8 September 2023 front page of ''Sangbad Pratidin''<br />
| type = Daily [[newspaper]]<br />
| format = [[Broadsheet]]<br />
| owners = [[Swapan Sadhan Bose]]<br />
| founder = [[Swapan Sadhan Bose]]<br />
| publisher = [[Srinjoy Bose]]<br />
| chief_editor = [[Srinjoy Bose]]<br />
| news_editor = Sutirtha Chakraborty<br />
| founded = 9 August 1992<br />
| language = Bengali<br />
| headquarters = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India<br />
| circulation = 266,665 Daily<ref name=ABCIND>{{cite web| url= https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ABC_Circulation.pdf| title=Submission of circulation figures for the audit period Jan–July 2019| publisher=[[Audit Bureau of Circulations (India)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]] |access-date=31 July 2019}}</ref><br />
| circulation_date = January−July 2019<br />
| website = {{URL|https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sangbad Pratidin''' ({{lit|News everyday}}) is a daily Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] newspaper simultaneously published from [[Kolkata]], [[Barjora]] and [[Siliguri]]. It was founded by [[Swapan Sadhan Bose]], on 9 August 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=1990 |title=Government: National Portal of India |work=india.gov.in |access-date=30 March 2010 |archive-date=27 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127113202/http://india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=1990 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.exchange4media.com/E4M/radio/radionews.asp?section_id=7&news_id=11649&tag=6373 |title=Radio Asia launches Malayalam FM station in Dubai |work=exchange4media.com |access-date=30 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505180940/http://www.exchange4media.com/e4m/Radio/RadioNews.asp?section_id=7&news_id=11649&tag=6373 |archive-date= 5 May 2009 }}</ref> The Editor-in-Chief is [[Srinjoy Bose]].{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}<br />
<br />
==Content==<br />
Besides the supplements like ''Coffee House'' (published every Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday), ''PopKorn'' (published every Friday), it also has a literary magazine called ''Robbar'' on every Sunday. [[Amal Aloy]], created by cartoonist Amal Chakrabarti, is a popular cartoon strip published in the newspaper over a decade.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Bhawanipore Club]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{Official website|https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/}} {{in lang|bn}}<br />
* [http://epratidin.in/ Sangbad Pratidin e-paper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708122310/http://epratidin.in/ |date=8 July 2013 }} (E-Paper – Digital Replica of the newspaper)<br />
* [https://robbar.in/ Robbar website] ({{Lang|bn|in Bengali}})<br />
<br />
{{Newspapers in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Newspapers published in Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language newspapers published in India]]<br />
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1992]]<br />
[[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-newspaper-stub}}</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marandi_ministry&diff=516414Marandi ministry2025-09-07T17:59:48Z<p>KathieMuriel714: Done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Ministers in Government of Jharkhand headed by Chief Minister Babulal Marandi}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox government cabinet<br />
| cabinet_type = Ministry<br />
| cabinet_number = <br />
| jurisdiction = the [[State of Jharkhand]]<br />
| flag = <br />
| flag_border = true<br />
| incumbent = <br />
| image =<br />
| image_size = 170px<br />
| caption = <br />
| date_formed = 15 November 2000<br />
| date_dissolved = 13 March 2003<br />
| government_head = [[Babulal Marandi]]<br />
| deputy_government_head =<br />
| government_head_history = <br />
| state_head = [[Prabhat Kumar]] <br />
| former_members_number = <br />
| total_number = 26<br />
| political_parties = <br />
*{{Color box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
*{{Color box|{{party color|Samata Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Samata Party]] <br />
*{{Color box|{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]] <br />
*{{Color box|{{party color|United Goans Democratic Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[United Goans Democratic Party|UGDP]] <br />
*{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=darkgray}} [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br />
| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]] <br/> {{Composition bar|45|81|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}} <br />
| opposition_party = {{Color box|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}|border=darkgray}} [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]<br />
| opposition_leader = [[Stephen Marandi]] ,<br />
[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] <br />
| election = <br />
| last_election =[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]] <br />
| legislature_term =5 years (Unless sooner dissolved) <br />
| budget = <br />
| advice_and_consent1 = <br />
| advice_and_consent2 = <br />
<!-- etc. --><br />
| incoming_formation = <br />
| outgoing_formation = <br />
| previous = <br />
| successor = [[First Munda ministry]]<br />
}}<br />
This is a list of minister from [[Babulal Marandi]] cabinets starting from 15 November 2000 – 18 March 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=[Updated] Jharkhand CM List: Chief Ministers of Jharkhand, Name and Tenure |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/jharkhand-list-of-chief-ministers-1383375916-1 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Mohit |title=In Pictures: Chief Ministers Of Jharkhand Since Its Inception In 2000 |url=https://english.newsnationtv.com/photos/india-news/in-pictures-chief-ministers-of-jharkhand-since-its-inception-in-2000-3822 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=english.newsnationtv.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-15 |title=The curious case of Babulal Marandi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/the-curious-case-of-babulal-marandi-1749857-2020-12-15 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> [[Babulal Marandi]] is the leader of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] was sworn in the [[Chief Ministers of Jharkhand]] on 15 November 2000.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ei-OAAAAMAAJ&q=babulal+marandi+chief+minister+2000 |title=The Journal of Parliamentary Information |date=2001 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}</ref> This is the first Council of Ministers in [[Jharkhand]].<br />
<br />
== Ministers ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! SI No. <br />
! Name <br />
! Constituency <br />
! Department <br />
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
|-<br />
| 1.<br />
| '''[[Babulal Marandi]]'''<br />[[List of Chief Ministers of Jharkhand|Chief Minister]] <br />
|[[Ramgarh, Jharkhand Assembly constituency|Ramgarh]] <br />
| Jharkhand Cabinet Secretariat and Coordination, Information and Public Relations, Home Affairs, Personnel and Administrative Reforms and Official Language, Civil Aviation, Planning Development, Institutional Finance and Program Implementation, Registration, Information Technology, Cooperation, Assistance and Rehabilitation, Medical, Education and all those departments, which is not allotted to anyone<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 2.<br />
| '''Lalchand Mahto'''<br />
| [[Dumri Assembly constituency|Dumri]] <br />
| Department of Energy<br />
| [[Janata Dal (United)|JDU]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 3.<br />
| '''[[Samresh Singh]]'''<br />
| [[Bokaro Assembly constituency|Bokaro]] <br />
| Department of Science and Technology<br />
| [[Independent politician|Independent]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 4.<br />
| '''Yamuna Singh'''<br />
| [[Manika Assembly constituency|Manika]] <br />
| Department of Forest and Environment<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 5.<br />
| '''Deo Dayal'''<br />
| [[Hazaribagh Assembly constituency|Hazaribagh]] <br />
| Department of Agriculture<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 6.<br />
| '''[[Mrigendra Pratap Singh]]'''<br />
| [[Jamshedpur West Assembly constituency|Jamshedpur West]] <br />
| Department of Commercial Taxes and National Savings<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 7.<br />
| '''Ramji Lal Sarda'''<br />
| [[Hatia Assembly constituency|Hatia]] <br />
| Department of Law<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 8.<br />
| '''[[Devidhan Besra]]'''<br />
| [[Maheshpur Assembly constituency|Maheshpur]] <br />
| Department of Food Supply, Commerce, Fisheries and Animal Husbandry<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 9.<br />
| '''[[Raghubar Das]]'''<br />
| [[Jamshedpur East Assembly constituency|Jamshedpur East]] <br />
| Department of Labour, Employment and Training<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 10.<br />
| '''[[Arjun Munda]]'''<br />
| [[Kharsawan Assembly constituency|Kharsawan]] <br />
| Department of Welfare (including Minority Welfare)<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 11.<br />
| '''[[Pashupati Nath Singh]]'''<br />
| [[Dhanbad Assembly constituency|Dhanbad]] <br />
| Department of Industry<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 12.<br />
| '''Sadhanu Bhagat'''<br />
| [[Lohardaga Assembly constituency|Lohardaga]] <br />
| Department of Building Construction and Transport<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 13.<br />
| '''[[Joba Majhi]]'''<br />
| [[Manoharpur Assembly constituency|Manoharpur]] <br />
| Department of Tourism, Women and Child Welfare and Housing<br />
| [[United Goans Democratic Party|UGDP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|United Goans Democratic Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 14.<br />
| '''Madhu Singh'''<br />
| [[Panki Assembly constituency|Panki]] <br />
| Department of Revenue and Land Reforms<br />
| [[Samata Party|SP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Samata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 15.<br />
| '''Ramchandra Keshri'''<br />
| [[Bhawanathpur Assembly constituency|Bhawanathpur]] <br />
| Department of Water Resources and Parliamentary Affairs<br />
| [[Samata Party|SP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Samata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 16.<br />
| '''Chandra Mohan Prasad'''<br />
| [[Giridih Assembly constituency|Giridih]] <br />
| Department of Human Resources <br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 17.<br />
| '''[[Pradeep Yadav (Indian politician)|Pradeep Yadav]]'''<br />
| [[Poreyahat Assembly constituency|Poreyahat]] <br />
| Department of Rural Development<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 18.<br />
| '''[[Ravindra Kumar Ray]]'''<br />
| [[Dhanwar Assembly constituency|Dhanwar]] <br />
| Department of Mines and Geology <br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 19.<br />
| '''[[Baidyanath Ram]]'''<br />
| [[Latehar Assembly constituency|Latehar]] <br />
| Department of Sports, Arts, Culture and Youth Affairs<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 20.<br />
| '''Ramesh Singh Munda'''<br />
| [[Tamar Assembly constituency|Tamar]] <br />
| Department of Excise and Prohibition<br />
| [[Samata Party|SP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Samata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 21.<br />
| '''Bacha Singh'''<br />
| [[Jharia Assembly constituency|Jharia]] <br />
| Department of Urban Development<br />
| [[Samata Party|SP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Samata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 22.<br />
| '''[[Sudarshan Bhagat]]'''<br />
| [[Gumla Assembly constituency|Gumla]] <br />
| Department of Human Resources (Minister of State)<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 23.<br />
| '''[[Jaleshwar Mahato]]'''<br />
| [[Baghmara, Jharkhand Assembly constituency|Baghmara]]<br />
| Department of Public Health and Engineering<br />
| [[Samata Party|SP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Samata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 24.<br />
| '''[[Nilkanth Singh Munda]]'''<br />
| [[Khunti Assembly constituency|Khunti]] <br />
| Department of Road Construction (Minister of State)<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 25.<br />
| '''[[Madhu Koda]]'''<br />
| [[Jaganathpur Assembly constituency|Jagannathpur]] <br />
| Department of Rural Engineering Organization<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
| 26.<br />
| '''[[Dinesh Sarangi]]'''<br />
| [[Baharagora Assembly constituency|Baharagora]] <br />
| Department of Health and Family Welfare<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Ministers by Party ==<br />
{{Pie chart|value1=69|value2=19|value3=4|value4=4|value5=4|color1={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party }}|color2={{party color|Samata Party}}|color3={{party color|United Goans Democratic Party}}|color4={{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}|color5={{party color|Independent politician}}|caption=Representation of cabinet ministers by party|label1=Bharatiya Janata Party|label2=Samata Party |label3=United Goans Democratic Party|label4=Janata Dal (United)|label5=Independent politician}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
!Cabinet Ministers<br />
!Total Ministers<br />
|-<br />
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|18<br />
|18<br />
|-<br />
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Samata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Samata Party]]<br />
|5<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|United Goans Democratic Party}}"|<br />
|[[United Goans Democratic Party]]<br />
|1<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}"|<br />
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]<br />
|1<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|<br />
|[[Independent politician]]<br />
|1<br />
|1<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Babulal Marandi minstry}}<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party state ministries of Jharkhand|Marandi]]<br />
[[Category:All Jharkhand Students Union]]<br />
[[Category:2000 in Indian politics]]<br />
[[Category:Jharkhand ministries|Marandi]]<br />
[[Category:2000 establishments in Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2000|Marandi]]<br />
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2003|Marandi]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_ambassadors_of_India_to_Algeria&diff=477645List of ambassadors of India to Algeria2025-08-15T01:36:30Z<p>KathieMuriel714: made pg!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
|post = Ambassador<br />
|body = India to Algeria<br />
|flag = Emblem of India.svg<br />
|incumbent = Gaurav Ahluwalia<br />
|incumbentsince = August 2021<br />
|seat = [[Algiers]], [[Algeria]]<br />
|formation = {{Start date|1962}}<br />
|inaugural = S. Sen<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Ambassador is in charge of the [[Embassy of India, Algiers]]. Swati Vijay Kulkarni is the current Ambassador of India to [[Algeria]].<ref name="Swati Vijay Kulkarni appointed as India's ambassador to Algeria">{{cite news |date=13 September 2024 |title=Swati Vijay Kulkarni appointed as India's next ambassador to Algeria |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/swati-vijay-kulkarni-appointed-as-indias-next-ambassador-to-algeria/articleshow/113319544.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715043721/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/swati-vijay-kulkarni-appointed-as-indias-next-ambassador-to-algeria/articleshow/113319544.cms |archive-date=15 July 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |publisher=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
The following people have served as [[Ambassador]]s of [[India]] to [[Algeria]].<br />
<br />
==Ambassador of India to [[Algeria]]==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Former Ambassadors<ref>{{Cite web|title=Embassy of India, Algiers, Algeria : Former Ambassadors to Algeria|url=https://www.indianembassyalgiers.gov.in/eoi.php?id=Former-Ambassadors|access-date=2021-09-02|website=www.indianembassyalgiers.gov.in}}</ref><br />
!Sr. No<br />
!Name of the Ambassador<br />
!Tenure<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|[[Samar Sen (diplomat)|Samar Sen]]<br />
|August, 1962 to November, 1964<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|R. Goburdhun<br />
|December, 1964 to July, 1967<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|[[Mohammad Yunus (diplomat)| Mohammad Yunus]]<br />
|August, 1967 to August, 1971<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|Bimalendu Kumar Sanyal<br />
|September, 1971 to December, 1972<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|[[Syed Shahabuddin]]<br />
|May, 1973 to July, 1975<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|K.K.S. Rana<br />
|October, 1975 to November, 1979<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|Krishan Mohan Lal<br />
|April, 1980 to July, 1982<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|K. V. Rajan<br />
|September, 1982 to September, 1985<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|V. K. Nambiar<br />
|December, 1985 to March, 1988<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|C. P. Ravindranathan<br />
|July, 1988 to May, 1991<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|T.C.A. Rangachari<br />
|September, 1991 to May, 1994<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|Jayant Prasad<br />
|June, 1995 to August, 1998<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|Mahesh Kumar Sachdev<br />
|January, 1999 to September, 2001<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|R. N. Prasad<br />
|October, 2002 to August, 2005<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|Dr. [[Ashok Amrohi]]<br />
|August, 2005 to October, 2009<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|Kuldeep Singh Bhardwaj<br />
|May, 2010 to May, 2016<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|Satbir Singh<ref>{{Cite web|title=Satbir Singh appointed Ambassador to Algeria|url=https://www.indianmandarins.com/news/satbir-singh-appointed-ambassador-to-algeria/4247|access-date=2021-09-02|website=IndianMandarins|language=en}}</ref><br />
|October, 2016 to August, 2020<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|Gaurav Ahluwalia<ref name="Deputy High Commissioner to Pakistan Gaurav Ahluwalia appointed as envoy to Algeria: MEA">{{cite news |title=Deputy High Commissioner to Pakistan Gaurav Ahluwalia appointed as envoy to Algeria: MEA |url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/deputy-high-commissioner-to-pakistan-gaurav-ahluwalia-appointed-as-envoy-to-algeria-mea-352679 |access-date=15 July 2025 |publisher=BW Businessworld |date=11 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715044404/https://www.businessworld.in/article/deputy-high-commissioner-to-pakistan-gaurav-ahluwalia-appointed-as-envoy-to-algeria-mea-352679 |archive-date=15 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri Gaurav Ahluwalia appointed as the next Ambassador of India to the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/33284/Shri_Gaurav_Ahluwalia_appointed_as_the_next_Ambassador_of_India_to_the_Peoples_Democratic_Republic_of_Algeria |access-date=2021-09-02 |website=www.mea.gov.in}}</ref><br />
|2020 - 2024<br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
|Swati Vijay Kulkarni<br />
|13 September 2024<ref name="Swati Vijay Kulkarni appointed as India's next ambassador to Algeria">{{cite news |title=Swati Vijay Kulkarni appointed as India's next ambassador to Algeria |url=https://theprint.in/world/swati-vijay-kulkarni-appointed-as-indias-next-ambassador-to-algeria/2266154/ |access-date=15 July 2025 |publisher=ThePrint |date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715043827/https://theprint.in/world/swati-vijay-kulkarni-appointed-as-indias-next-ambassador-to-algeria/2266154/ |archive-date=15 July 2025}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also==<br />
* [[Embassy of India, Algiers]]<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Ambassadors of India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Algeria|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of ambassadors to Algeria|India]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of ambassadors of India|Algeria]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pashminna_%E2%80%93_Dhaage_Mohabbat_Ke&diff=524674Pashminna – Dhaage Mohabbat Ke2025-07-31T16:25:07Z<p>KathieMuriel714: Added Some Entry More To Come.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian romantic drama television series}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=March 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = Pashminna.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| genre = <br />
| writer = Nikita Dhond<br />
| screenplay = Janaki Vishwanathan<br />
| story = Bhavna Vyas<br />
| director = Vikram Labhe <br> Deepak Chavan<br />
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = 130<br />
| producer = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Siddharth P. Malhotra]]<br />
* Sapna Malhotra<br />
}}<br />
| editor = <br />
| camera = [[Multi camera]]<br />
| runtime = 20-23 minutes<br />
| location = <br />
| cinematography = Sandeep Yadav<br />
| company = Alchemy Films Private Limited<br />
| network = [[Sony SAB]]<br />
| first_aired = {{start date|2023|10|25|df=yes}}<br />
| last_aired = {{End date|2024|03|23|df=y}}<br />
}}<br />
'''''Pashminna – Dhaage Mohabbat Ke''''' ({{Translation|''Pashminna – Threads Of Love''}}) is an Indian Hindi-language [[romantic drama]] television series that aired from 25 October 2023 to 23 March 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-19 |title='Pashminna - Dhaage Mohabbat Ke' is to air its last episode on March 23; the cast thanks viewers for their support |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pashminna-dhaage-mohabbat-ke-is-to-air-its-last-episode-on-march-23-the-cast-thanks-viewers-for-their-support/articleshow/108620217.cms |access-date=2024-03-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> on [[Sony SAB]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/sony-sab-is-all-set-to-launch-the-show-pashminna-dhaage-mohobbat-ke-538445|title=Sony SAB is all set to launch the show Pashminna - Dhaage Mohobbat Ke : The Tribune India}}</ref> Produced by [[Siddharth P. Malhotra]] and Sapna Malhotra under Alchemy Films Private Limited, it starred [[Nishant Singh Malkani]], Isha Sharma, [[Hiten Tejwani]] and [[Gauri Pradhan]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/television-news/article/gauri-and-hiten-tejwani-will-be-seen-together-in-upcoming-show-pashmina-on-sab-tv-with-unique-love-story-201654 | title=Pashmina's is a unique love story &#124; યુનિક લવ સ્ટોરી છે 'પશ્મિના'ની | date=25 August 2023 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
===Main===<br />
* Isha Sharma as Pashminna Suri Sharma: Preeti and Avinash's daughter; Ayesha's half-sister; Paras and Rishi's ex-fiancée; Raghav's wife (2023–2024)<br />
* [[Nishant Singh Malkani]] as Raghav Kaul: Moina and Atul's son; Reeva and Ruhaan's brother; Ayesha's best friend and ex-fiancé; Pashminna's husband (2023–2024)<br />
* [[Hiten Tejwani]] as Avinash Sharma: Preeti's ex-lover; Ayesha and Pashminna's father (2023–2024)<br />
* [[Gauri Pradhan]] as Preeti Suri: Avinash's ex-lover; Pashminna's mother (2023–2024)<br />
<br />
===Recurring===<br />
* [[Beena Banerjee]] as Mrs. Kaul: Atul's mother; Reeva, Raghav and Ruhaan's grandmother (2023–2024)<br />
* [[Angad Hasija]] as Paras Durani: Kailash's son; Pashminna's one sided lover (2023–2024)<br />
* Shadab Khan as Kailash Durani: Paras's father (2023–2024)<br />
* Kusum Tikoo as Baby Mami: Umashankar's wife (2023–2024)<br />
* Shashi Bhushan as Umashankar Mama: Baby's husband (2023–2024)<br />
* Rinku Worah as Guddi (2024)<br />
* Ayushi Bhatia as Fatima "Kaju": Pashminna's friend (2023–2024)<br />
* [[Krissann Barretto]] as Ayesha Sharma: Avinash's daughter; Pashminna’s half-sister; Raghav's best friend ex-fiancé (2023–2024)<br />
* Rakesh Paul as Atul Kaul: Moina's husband; Reeva, Raghav and Ruhaan's father (2023–2024)<br />
* Vishavpreet Kaur as Moina Kaul: Atul's wife; Reeva, Raghav and Ruhaan's mother (2023–2024)<br />
* Anuj Khurana as Suneel Manchanda: Reeva's husband (2023–2024)<br />
* Ankita Singh Bamb as Reeva Suneel Manchanda (nee Kaul): Atul and Moina's daughter; Raghav and Ruhaan's elder sister; Suneel's wife (2023–2024)<br />
* Vidhaan Sharma as Child Ruhaan Kaul: Atul and Moina's younger son; Reeva and Raghav's younger brother (2023–2024)<br />
* [[Leenesh Mattoo]] as Rishi: A film maker; Raghav's childhood friend; Pashminna's ex-fiancée (2024)<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
===Casting===<br />
Initially [[Kanikka Kapur(actress)|Kanikka Kapur]] was approached to play the female lead.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023|reason=[[WP:RS|Reliable sources]]}} Later, [[Nishant Singh Malkani]] and Isha Sharma were signed as the lead.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nishant-malkani-essay-role-business-tycoon-sony-sabs-pashminna/ | title=Nishant Malkani to essay the role of a business tycoon in Sony SAB's Pashminna : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=7 September 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/isha-sharma-elated-to-essay-the-role-of-pashminna-545193|title=Isha Sharma elated to essay the role of Pashminna : The Tribune India}}</ref> The series also marks the seventh collaboration between real life couple [[Hiten Tejwani]] and [[Gauri Pradhan Tejwani]] after ''[[Kutumb (TV series)|Kutumb]]'', ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'', ''[[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]]'', ''[[Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat]]'', ''[[Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan]]'' and ''[[Nach_Baliye#Season_2|Nach Baliye 2]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/gauri-pradhan-hiten-tejwani-reunite-7-years-tv-show-report/ | title=Gauri Pradhan and Hiten Tejwani to reunite after 7 years for a TV show: Report : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=14 August 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/television/hiten-tejwani-calls-reuniting-with-wife-gauri-pradhan-for-a-new-show-comfortable-you-dont-8583903.html | title=Hiten Tejwani Calls Reuniting with Wife Gauri Pradhan for a New Show 'Comfortable': 'You Don't...' | date=19 September 2023 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
The series was announced by Alchemy Films Private Limited on [[Sony SAB]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sony-sab-announces-pashminna-starring-isha-sharma-hitesh-gauri-tejwani-nishant-malkani/ | title=Sony SAB announces Pashminna starring Isha Sharma, Hitesh and Gauri Tejwani, Nishant Malkani : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=24 August 2023 }}</ref> It is also the second [[Television show|television series]] to be shot in [[Kashmir]] after ''[[Gul Gulshan Gulfaam]]'' (1987).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/shooting-in-pashmina-for-the-love-of-kashmir-news-315747|title=Shooting In 'Pashmina' For The Love Of Kashmir|date=5 September 2023 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Filming===<br />
The series is set in [[Kashmir]], [[principal photography]] commenced from August 2023<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/pashminna-dhaage-mohobbat-ke-makers-talk-about-shooting-in-kashmir-for-six-months-23314758 | title=Pashminna—Dhaage Mohobbat Ke makers talk about shooting in Kashmir for six months | date=17 October 2023 }}</ref> in [[Srinagar]], [[Kashmir]], with some initial sequences shot at [[Kashmir Valley]] and [[Dal Lake]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/golden-era-of-film-shooting-returning-to-kashmir-lg-sinha-1503213247.html|title=Golden era of film shooting returning to Kashmir: LG Sinha - The Statesman|website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=18 August 2023 }}</ref> It is mainly shot at the [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]], [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-rakesh-paul-to-be-part-of-the-upcoming-show-pashmina/articleshow/103087197.cms | title=Exclusive! Rakesh Paul to be part of the upcoming show Pashmina | newspaper=The Times of India | date=26 August 2023 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of programmes broadcast by Sony SAB]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/pashminna-1700001329 ''Pashminna ''] on [[SonyLIV]]<br />
<br />
{{Sony SAB Programmes}}<br />
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2020s Indian television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:Television shows set in Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:2020s Indian television series]]<br />
[[Category:Sony SAB original programming]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urban_agglomeration&diff=547813Urban agglomeration2025-07-30T17:31:51Z<p>KathieMuriel714: cleanup</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Urban area]]<br />
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{{Redirect category shell|<br />
{{R to related topic}}<br />
{{R with Wikidata item|Q159313}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Gone_Game&diff=540513The Gone Game2025-07-09T13:29:47Z<p>KathieMuriel714: adding first post basic info...</p>
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<div>{{short description|2020 Indian psychological thriller series}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = The Gone Game poster.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| creator = [[Nikhil Nagesh Bhat]]<br />
| based_on = <br />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Sanjay Kapoor]]|[[Arjun Mathur]]|[[Shweta Tripathi]]|[[Shriya Pilgaonkar]]|[[Lubna Salim]]}}<br />
| editor = Manish Mistry<br />
| composer = Nayan Tara Bhatkal<br>Aditya N.<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = {{ubl|Hindi|English}}<br />
| num_seasons = 2<br />
| num_episodes = 9<br />
| list_episodes = <br />
| executive_producer = <br />
| camera = [[Single-camera setup|Single-camera]]<br />
| runtime = 30–35 minutes<br />
| company = <br />
| network = [[Voot]]<br />
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|08|20|df=y}}<br />
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|07|07|df=y}}<br />
| writer = Radhika Anand<br>Nikhil nagesh Bhat<br>Ayesha Syed<br>Mautik Tolia<br />
| animator = Manish Mistry<br />
}}<br />
'''''The Gone Game''''' is an Indian [[psychological thriller]] miniseries directed by [[Nikhil Nagesh Bhat]], starring [[Sanjay Kapoor]], [[Shweta Tripathi]], [[Shriya Pilgaonkar]] and [[Arjun Mathur]]. It was shot almost entirely within the confines of their homes and directed remotely, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]]. It premiered on [[Voot]] on 20 August 2020.<ref name="ie"/><ref name="ht">{{Cite web|date=2020-08-21|title=The Gone Game review: Voot's shot-during-lockdown thriller is an effective experiment|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/the-gone-game-review-voot-s-shot-during-lockdown-thriller-is-an-effective-experiment/story-ByjGlV0Es7EBWORCmOeA5N.html|access-date=2020-09-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=8 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708234927/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/the-gone-game-review-voot-s-shot-during-lockdown-thriller-is-an-effective-experiment/story-ByjGlV0Es7EBWORCmOeA5N.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Gone Game web series review: A whodunit that keeps you hooked till the end|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/the-gone-game-web-series-review-a-whodunit-that-keeps-you-hooked-till-the-end|access-date=2020-09-17|website=Free Press Journal|language=en|archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924074702/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/the-gone-game-web-series-review-a-whodunit-that-keeps-you-hooked-till-the-end|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday">{{Cite web|last1=Kanyal|first1=Jyoti|title=The Gone Game Review: Arjun Mathur, Shweta Tripathi's shot-during-lockdown thriller is worth your time|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/the-gone-game-review-arjun-mathur-shweta-tripathi-s-shot-during-lockdown-thriller-is-worth-your-time-1713972-2020-08-22|date=22 August 2020|access-date=2020-09-17|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=10 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910072000/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/the-gone-game-review-arjun-mathur-shweta-tripathi-s-shot-during-lockdown-thriller-is-worth-your-time-1713972-2020-08-22|url-status=live}}</ref> The second season released on 7 July 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-gone-game-season-2-trailer-sanjay-kapoor-and-shweta-tripathis-thriller-series-promises-to-be-an-intriguing-watch-10849781|title=The Gone Game Season 2 trailer: Sanjay Kapoor and Shweta Tripathi's thriller series promises to be an intriguing watch|publisher=[[Firstpost]]|date=29 June 2022|access-date=8 July 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707210528/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-gone-game-season-2-trailer-sanjay-kapoor-and-shweta-tripathis-thriller-series-promises-to-be-an-intriguing-watch-10849781|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
The series starts with Sahil's condition and visible symptoms of being [[COVID-19]] positive. Later episodes try to showcase multiple threads and the plot line gets messier with each episode.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*[[Sanjay Kapoor]] as Rajeev Gujral<br />
*[[Shweta Tripathi]] as Amara Gujral<br />
*[[Arjun Mathur]] as Sahil Gujral<br />
*[[Shriya Pilgaonkar]] as Suhani Gujral<br />
*[[Lubna Salim]] as Barkha Kapoor<br />
*[[Rukhsar Rehman]] as Suneeta Gujral<br />
*[[Dibyendu Bhattacharya]] as Subhash Chaudhary<br />
*[[Indraneil Sengupta]] as Prateek Jindal<br />
*[[Harleen Sethi]] as Sharmila Gupta (Season 2)<br />
<br />
==Episodes==<br />
<br />
{{Episode table|total_width= |overall=5 |title=22 |director=15 |writer=21 |airdate=15 |background=251e35|episodes=<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 1<br />
|Title = Gone<br />
|RTitle = <br />
|DirectedBy = Nikhil Bhat<br />
|WrittenBy = Radhika Anand, Nikhil Bhat, Ayesha Syed, Mautik Tolia<br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|20}}<br />
|ShortSummary = <br />
|LineColor = 251e35<br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 2<br />
|Title =The Trail<br />
|RTitle = <br />
|DirectedBy = Nikhil Bhat<br />
|WrittenBy = Radhika Anand, Nikhil Bhat, Ayesha Syed, Mautik Tolia<br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|20}}<br />
|ShortSummary = <br />
|LineColor = 251e35<br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 3<br />
|Title =The Blood On Your Hand<br />
|RTitle = <br />
|DirectedBy = Nikhil Bhat<br />
|WrittenBy = Radhika Anand, Nikhil Bhat, Ayesha Syed, Mautik Tolia<br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|20}}<br />
|ShortSummary = <br />
|LineColor = 251e35<br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 4<br />
|Title =Game Over<br />
|RTitle = <br />
|DirectedBy = Nikhil Bhat<br />
|WrittenBy = Radhika Anand, Nikhil Bhat, Ayesha Syed, Mautik Tolia<br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|20}}<br />
|ShortSummary = <br />
|LineColor = 251e35<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
Jyoti Kanyal from ''[[India Today]]'' gave her review on the series at the same time appreciated the minimal production used for the shoot, and also wrote about the relatability of the series with the audience because of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="indiatoday"/> Rohan Naahar from ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' shared his mixed reviews, he acknowledged the strong cast, and praised the unique plot.<ref name="ht"/> Shubhra Gupta from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' stated the series as an interesting experiment and highlights one point which the series reflects clearly, that we are prisoners of our digital devices.<ref name="ie">{{cite web |title=The Gone Game review: An interesting experiment |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-gone-game-review-an-interesting-experiment-6564097/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=22 August 2020 |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919154207/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-gone-game-review-an-interesting-experiment-6564097/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Devasheesh Pandey from ''[[News 18]]'' stated the series as a good representation of Covid-19 along with an interesting thriller plot.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Gone Game Review: Want to Watch Thriller Based on Covid-19? Here's a Good One |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/the-gone-game-review-want-to-watch-thriller-based-on-covid-19-heres-a-good-one-2803343.html |website=[[News18.com]] |language=en |date=20 August 2020 |access-date=20 April 2021 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420110004/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/the-gone-game-review-want-to-watch-thriller-based-on-covid-19-heres-a-good-one-2803343.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|12768990}}<br />
<br />
{{Network 18}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gone Game, The}}<br />
[[Category:Psychological thriller web series]]<br />
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:2020 Indian television series endings]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television miniseries]]<br />
[[Category:2020s Indian television miniseries]]<br />
[[Category:Television shows about the COVID-19 pandemic]]<br />
[[Category:Television episodes about the COVID-19 pandemic]]<br />
[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]<br />
[[Category:Network18 Group]]<br />
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in India]]<br />
[[Category:Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashwani_Tyagi&diff=487990Ashwani Tyagi2025-06-19T23:49:48Z<p>KathieMuriel714: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Ashwani Tyagi<br />
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]<br />
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start = 31 Jan 2021<br />
| constituency = ''elected by Legislative assembly members''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ashwani Tyagi''' is an Indian politician from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP ने दूसरी सूची जारी की, प्रदेश महामंत्री अश्वनी त्यागी समेत 6 लोगों को मिला विधान परिषद का टिकट |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/news/bjps-second-list-released-6-candidates-including-ashwani-tyagi-announced-128129018.html |website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref> He is serving as a member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=अश्विनी त्यागी बनें निर्विरोध एमएलसी, मेरठ के 13 वें माननीय |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/story-ashwini-tyagi-becomes-unopposed-mlc-13th-honorable-of-meerut-3808121.html |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=[[Live Hindustan]] |language=hindi}}</ref> and President of the western area of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=अश्विनी त्यागी बने पश्चिमी उत्तर प्रदेश के भाजपा क्षेत्रीय अध्यक्ष |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut-city-ashwani-tyagi-appointed-bjp-regional-president-of-western-uttar-pradesh-17493727.html |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tyagi, Ashwani}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Gujarati-language_magazines&diff=446402List of Gujarati-language magazines2025-06-14T20:14:32Z<p>KathieMuriel714: update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|None}}<br />
<br />
This is a list of magazines published in the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] language of India.<br />
<br />
== List ==<br />
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}<br />
* ''[[Buddhiprakash]]''<br />
* ''[[Chetana (Surat)|Chetana]]''<br />
* ''[[Chitralekha (weekly)|Chitralekha]]''<br />
* ''[[Dalitchetna]]''<br />
* ''[[Dhabak]]''<br />
* ''[[Doot (magazine)|Doot]]''<br />
* ''[[Gazalvishwa]]''<br />
* ''[[Gujarati (magazine)|Gujarati]]'' (1880–1929)<br />
* ''[[Jnanasudha]]''<br />
* ''[[Kavilok]]''<br />
* ''[[Kaumudi (magazine)|Kaumudi]]'' (1924–1937)<br />
* ''[[Kumar (magazine)|Kumar]]''<br />
* ''[[Parivesh (magazine)|Parivesh]]''<br />
* ''[[Priyamvada (magazine)|Priyamvada]]'' (1885–1890)<br />
* ''[[Ruchi (magazine)|Ruchi]]''<br />
* ''[[Safari (magazine)|Safari]]''<br />
* ''[[Satyaprakash]]''<br />
* ''[[Shabdasrishti]]''<br />
* ''[[Stribodh]]''<br />
* ''[[Sudarshan (magazine)|Sudarshan]]'' <br />
* '' [[Haji Mohammed Allarakha Shivji|Vismi Sadi (magazine)]]'' (1916–1920) <br />
* ''[[Vasant (magazine)|Vasant]]'' (1902–1939)<br />
{{div col end}}Sources: Buddhiprakash,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-26 |title=Gujarat Vernacular Society instrumental in revival of language |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Gujarat-Vernacular-Society-instrumental-in-revival-of-language/articleshow/27927564.cms |access-date=2025-06-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Chetana (Surat),<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=India Office of the Registrar of Newspapers for |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Annual_Report_of_the_Registrar_of_Newspa/dtAfAQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Annual Report of the Registrar of Newspapers for India |date=1958 |publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |language=en}}</ref> Chitralekha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=agencyfaqs! |title=‘Chitralekha Gujarati’ goes to the US |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/13899_chitralekha-gujarati-goes-to-the-us |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=www.afaqs.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Media in Gujarati language]]<br />
* [[List of magazines in India]]<br />
* [[Media of India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Media of India|state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Gujarati-language magazines]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of magazines by language|Gujarati]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biman_Mukhopadhyay&diff=491735Biman Mukhopadhyay2025-06-07T10:19:41Z<p>KathieMuriel714: Starting a data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Bengali musician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br />
<br />
'''Biman Mukhopadhyay''' (September 1930 – 16 March 2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://netindian.in/news/2011/03/16/00011818/singer-biman-mukhopadhyay-passes-away|title = Singer Biman Mukhopadhyay passes away}}</ref> was a Bengali singer and trainer.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.taratv.com/west_bengal.php?task=full&newsid=4202 |title=TaraTV |access-date=29 April 2011 |archive-date=19 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719135020/http://www.taratv.com/west_bengal.php?task=full&newsid=4202 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
After his graduation from the [[Scottish Church College]], at the [[University of Calcutta]], he started on a career of music.<ref>''Some Alumni of Scottish Church College'' in ''175th Year Commemoration Volume''. Scottish Church College, April 2008. page 585</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
He was described by Padmabhusan Pt. [[Jnan Prakash Ghosh]] as a "living Encyclopedia of Music" in 1970 in a program organized by Rajya Sangeet Academy. Many famous Bengali singers like Angur Bala, [[Sandhya Mukhopadhyay]], [[Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay]], [[Manabendra Mukhopadhyay]], [[Purabi Dutta]], [[Indrani Sen]], [[Haimanti Sukla]], [[Sipra Bose]] have recorded their songs under his training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/32197511-living-encyclopedia-old-bengali-music-biman-da-died-today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319063232/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/32197511-living-encyclopedia-old-bengali-music-biman-da-died-today|url-status=usurped|archive-date=19 March 2011|title=Unable to select database}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
*Harmonica Sangeet Samman given by ''Innovative Systems Ltd''.''(2007).''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bengalinformation.org/2011/03/06/biman-mukhopaddhyay-famous-singer-and-trainer-of-bengali-songs/ |title=Biman Mukhopadhyay-famous singer and trainer of Bengali songs &#124; Bengal Information |accessdate=2011-04-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905084143/http://www.bengalinformation.org/2011/03/06/biman-mukhopaddhyay-famous-singer-and-trainer-of-bengali-songs/ |archivedate=2011-09-05 }}</ref><br />
*Uttam Kumar Award given by ''Shilpi Sansad'' ''(2008)''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radiobanglanet.com/WEBUI/NewsDetails.aspx?id%3D48 |title=Radio Bangla Net |accessdate=2011-04-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825125526/http://radiobanglanet.com/WEBUI/NewsDetails.aspx?id=48 |archivedate=2011-08-25 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* https://web.archive.org/web/20110423223751/http://bimanmukhopadhyay.org/<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukhopadhyay, Biman}}<br />
[[Category:1930 births]]<br />
[[Category:2011 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali singers]]<br />
[[Category:Scottish Church College alumni]]<br />
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Indian music educators]]<br />
[[Category:Singers from West Bengal]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{asia-singer-stub}}</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madhupur%E2%80%93Giridih%E2%80%93Koderma_line&diff=471125Madhupur–Giridih–Koderma line2025-04-15T13:25:17Z<p>KathieMuriel714: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Railway route in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox rail line<br />
| box_width = 28em<br />
| name = Madhupur–Giridih–Koderma line<br />
| color = 800000<br />
| logo = <br />
| logo_width = <br />
| image = Giridih railway station - Entrance.jpg<br />
| image_width = <br />
| caption = Giridih, an important railway station on Madhupur–Giridih–Koderma line<br />
| type = Electrified<br />
| system = Broad gauge<br />
| status = Operational<br />
| locale = [[Jharkhand]], India<br />
| start = {{stnlnk|Madhupur Junction}}<br />
| end = {{stnlnk|Koderma Junction}}<br />
| stations = 21 operational<br />
| routes = Koderma–Madhupur line<br />
| daily_ridership = <br />
| open = 1871, 2012, 2015, 2019<br />
| close = <br />
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]<br />
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]<br>[[East Central Railway]]<br />
| character = <br />
| depot = <br />
| stock = <br />
| linelength = {{convert|138|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| tracklength = <br />
| tracks = 1<br />
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]<br />
| old_gauge = <br />
| minradius = <br />
| racksystem = <br />
| electrification = Yes<br />
| speed = 110&nbsp;km/h<br />
| elevation = <br />
| website = <br />
| map = {{Madhupur–Giridih–Koderma line}}<br />
| map_state = collapsed<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Madhupur–Giridih–Koderma line''' is a {{convert|138|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}-long single {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] track from [[Madhupur, Deoghar|Madhupur]] town in [[Deoghar district]] to [[Koderma]] town in [[Koderma district]] via [[Giridih]] town in [[Giridih district]] of [[Jharkhand]] state. It is an extended route of Madhupur–Giridih railway line. The Koderma–Maheshmunda section falls under [[Dhanbad]] Division of [[East Central Railway]] and Giridih–Madhupur section under [[Asansol railway division|Asansol Division]] of [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]. The construction of {{convert|110|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} rail line from Koderma to Maheshmunda was done under supervision of Dhanbad Division of East Central Railway.<ref>{{cite news|title=Railways conduct trial run on newly built track on Dhanbad Division|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/Railways-conduct-trial-run-on-newly-built-track-/articleshow/5732681.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103151951/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-27/ranchi/28146314_1_railway-board-railway-saloon-dhanbad-division|url-status=live|archive-date=3 January 2013|access-date=27 March 2010|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 March 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
[[Giridih railway station]] was built as a railway siding in 1871 by the British government in India (prior to the India's independence in 1947) mainly for transport of mineral reserve from the region. The contract for the railway siding was awarded in 1865 and the construction was completed in 1871.<ref name=ignored>{{cite news|title=Ignored, Giridih station cries for care – Pilgrim spot fetches Rs 25cr for railways, but denied express trains|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090820/jsp/jharkhand/story_11385438.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203150413/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090820/jsp/jharkhand/story_11385438.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2013|access-date=31 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)]]|date=20 August 2009|location=Calcutta, India|first=Shahnawaz|last=Akhtar}}</ref> The siding is owned by [[Central Coalfields Limited]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Colliery Sidings East Railway|url=http://www.er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,6,443,529,542,656|publisher=Official Website of the Eastern Railway|access-date=1 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526083533/http://www.er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C6%2C443%2C529%2C542%2C656|archive-date=26 May 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
A {{convert|110|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} track from [[Koderma Junction railway station|Koderma]] to Maheshmunda was constructed. This extended the Madhupur–Giridih railway line to Koderma, effectively making it a Madhupur–Giridih–Koderma line. A new railway station was built in [[Giridih]] named as [[New Giridih railway station]] (NGRH) which leaves out the already existing [[Giridih railway station]] (GRD) on this route, also making Maheshmunda a junction station. On 16 February 2019, [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]] in its press-release announced a passenger train service w.e.f. 25 February 2019 from [[Koderma Junction railway station|Koderma]] to [[Madhupur Junction railway station|Madhupur]] via {{stnlnk|New Giridih}}. Onward journey duration is of 4 hours and 5 minutes while the return journey duration is 4 hours and 25 minutes. Eastern Railway also announced another passenger train service w.e.f. 25 February 2019 from Koderma to Maheshmunda Junction through the same press-release. Onward journey duration is of 3 hours while the return journey duration is 3 hours and 10 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/EasternRailway/status/1096694764404178944|title=pic.twitter.com/fol9xNXCuk|last=Railway|first=Eastern|date=2019-02-16|website=@EasternRailway|access-date=2019-02-17}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Electrification==<br />
Madhupur–Giridih–Koderma line was completely electrified in October 2020.<br />
<br />
==Further extension==<br />
There are plans from the Railway ministry to connect {{stnlnk|Parasnath}} with {{stnlnk|New Giridih}} via Madhuban, for the convenience of the [[Jainism|Jain]] pilgrims visiting [[Shikharji]].<ref name=budget>{{cite news|title=Giridih lauds Didi's budget – 'Madhuban link a blessing'|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090705/jsp/jharkhand/story_11196379.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143324/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090705/jsp/jharkhand/story_11196379.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|access-date=31 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=5 July 2009|location=Calcutta}}</ref> construction of which was sanctioned and the project included in the Union Budget 2018-19 at a cost of ₹902.86 Crores on a 50:50 cost sharing basis between the Government of Jharkhand and Indian Railways. The foundation stone for construction was laid in 2019. The 49-km long railway line will have two crossing stations and a couple of halts. During the financial year 2022-23, Indian Railways had allotted ₹50 Crores for the above project for early starting of the project. In a land acquisition application submitted to DLAO/Giridih by DyCE/Con/HZME office, ₹78.27 Crores were demanded for Raiyati land of 26 villages and payment for land acquisition is yet awaited for deposition of fund from Government of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jharkhand govt's fund denial halts rail movement to Jains' 'Mecca-Medina' |url=https://lagatar24.com/jharkhand-governments-fund-denial-halts-rail-movement-to-jains-mecca-medina/142035/|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
There are other proposals as well to connect {{stnlnk|New Giridih}} with {{stnlnk|Dhanbad}} via Tundi and Govindpur,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/dhanbad-rail-track-will-be-built-between-dhanbad-and-giridih-18814850.html|title=मोदी सरकार ने खींचा धनबाद-गिरिडीह के बीच रेल लाइन का खाका|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi|access-date=2019-02-23}}</ref> and with {{stnlnk|Jhajha}} via Bengabad, Chakai and Sono. The first phase of the Jhajha–New Giridih rail line involves 20-km long Jhajha–Batia section, the foundation for which was laid in 2019 and which will be constructed at a cost of Rs 496 crore.<br />
<br />
A final location survey for 7.54&nbsp;km-long {{stnlnk|Madhupur}} bypass line was sanctioned in February 2020 after construction of which trains from {{stnlnk|Jasidih}} can run up to {{stnlnk|Giridih}} and {{stnlnk|Koderma}} without loco reversal at {{stnlnk|Madhupur}}. A delay of more than 30 minutes for an engine change at {{stnlnk|Madhupur}} will thus be avoided. The estimated cost of the linking project is Rs 281 crore.<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
Following is the list of stations that are on {{stnlnk|Madhupur}}–{{stnlnk|Koderma}} route via {{stnlnk|New Giridih}}.<ref name=list_er>{{cite web|title=List of Stations on Asansol Division|url=http://www.er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,6,443,528,537|publisher=Official Website of Eastern Railway, Govt of India|access-date=7 April 2012}}</ref><br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto;"<br />
|+<big>List of stations</big><br />
!style="background-color:#cfcfcf;" align="center"| S.No. !! Station !! Station Code<br />
|-<br />
|1||Madhupur ||MDP<br />
|-<br />
|2||Sugapahari TP-6/3 ||SGPA<br />
|-<br />
|3||Sugapahari Halt TP-7/11||SAPT<br />
|-<br />
|4||Jagadishpur||JGD<br />
|-<br />
|5||Krishna Ballav Sahay Halt||KBSH<br />
|-<br />
|6||Maheshmunda Junction ||MMD<br />
|-<br />
|7 ||New Giridih ||NGRH<br />
|-<br />
|8|| Salaiya ||SLIA<br />
|-<br />
|9||Kawar ||KWAR<br />
|-<br />
|10||Jorasankh Halt ||JASH<br />
|-<br />
|11||Jamua ||JAUA<br />
|-<br />
|12||Duriyatanr Halt ||DUTR<br />
|-<br />
|13||Rema||REMA<br />
|-<br />
|14||Raj Dhanwar||DNWR<br />
|-<br />
|15||Rakesh Bagh Halt ||RHBH<br />
|-<br />
|16||Nawadih ||NWDH<br />
|-<br />
|17||Nawasahi Halt||NWSI<br />
|-<br />
|19||Maheshpur A Cabin Halt || MHSA<br />
|-<br />
|20||Koderma Town ||KQRT<br />
|-<br />
|21 ||Koderma Junction ||KQR<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Trains==<br />
Single passenger train run five times a day between {{stnlnk|Madhupur Junction}}–{{stnlnk|Giridih}}. The train service on Madhupur–Giridih rail route started in 1871. The passenger trains are run by [[Eastern Railway zone]]. The trains run five times daily except Thursdays and four times on Thursday.<ref name=coalmafia>{{cite news|title=Coal mafia chokes trains|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080519/jsp/jharkhand/story_9289987.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203180703/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080519/jsp/jharkhand/story_9289987.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2013|access-date=31 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=19 May 2008|location=Calcutta|first=Shahnawaz|last=Akhtar}}</ref> Following are the trains arriving and departing from {{stnlnk|Giridih}}.<ref name=railinfo-togiridih>{{cite web|title=Trains to Giridih|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/search/326/2671|publisher=India Rail Info|access-date=31 March 2012}}</ref><ref name=railinfo-fromgiridih>{{cite web|title=Trains from Giridih|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/search/2671/326|publisher=India Rail Info|access-date=31 March 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+<big>Passenger Trains</big><br />
!style="background-color:#cfcfcf;" align="center"| Sl.No. !! TRAIN NO. !! TRAIN NAME<br />
|-<br />
| 1|| 53511 || Madhupur–Giridih Passenger<br />
|-<br />
| 2|| 53512 || Giridih–Madhupur Passenger<br />
|-<br />
| 3|| 53513|| Madhupur–Giridih Passenger<br />
|-<br />
| 4|| 53514 || Giridih–Madhupur Passenger<br />
|-<br />
| 5|| 53515 || Madhupur–Giridih Passenger<br />
|-<br />
| 6|| 53516 || Giridih–Madhupur Passenger<br />
|-<br />
| 7|| 53517 || Madhupur–Giridih Passenger<br />
|-<br />
| 8|| 53518 || Giridih–Madhupur Passenger<br />
|-<br />
| 9|| 53519 || Madhupur–Giridih Passenger<br />
|-<br />
| 10|| 53520 || Giridih–Madhupur Passenger<br />
|}<br />
<br />
After the construction of [[Koderma Junction railway station|Koderma]]–Maheshmunda section in 2019, new passenger trains were started on this route which are run by [[East Central Railway]]. Following are the trains running on this route via {{stnlnk|New Giridih}}.<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+<big>Passenger trains</big><br />
!style="background-color:#cfcfcf;" align="center"| Sl.No. !! TRAIN NO. !! TRAIN NAME<br />
|-<br />
| 1|| 53365 || Maheshmunda–Koderma Passenger<br />
|-<br />
| 2|| 53366 || Koderma–Maheshmunda Passenger<br />
|-<br />
| 3|| 53369 || Madhupur–Koderma Passenger<br />
|-<br />
| 4|| 53370 || Koderma–Madhupur Passenger<br />
|}<br />
<br />
A new express train connecting {{stnlnk|New Giridih}} to {{stnlnk|Ranchi}} was announced by Koderma MP [[Annapurna Devi]] on 6 April 2023 and [[Indian Railways]] released an official notification for the same on 23 August 2023. The inaugural run of New Giridih–Ranchi Intercity Express was flagged off by Koderma MP [[Annapurna Devi]] on 12 September 2023 and regular service commenced from 13 September 2023.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranchi-New Giridih Intercity From Sep 12|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/ranchi-new-giridih-intercity-from-sep-12/articleshow/103227273.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref> As of now it is the only long distance express train running on this rail line, connecting the city of [[Giridih]] with the state capital [[Ranchi]], and also the only train running with a '''Vistadome coach''' in the state of [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{cite web|title=<br />
Jharkhand gets first intercity express with vista dome coach|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2023/09/12/cal31-rail-jh-train.html|publisher=The Week|access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jharkhand's first Vistadome-equipped Intercity Express ready for debut ride! Know arrival, departure time and full route|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-jharkhands-first-vistadome-equipped-intercity-express-ready-for-debut-ride-know-arrival-departure-time-and-full-route-3239458/|publisher=Financial Express|access-date=11 September 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Giridih railway station]]<br />
* [[Madhupur Junction railway station]]<br />
* [[Koderma Junction railway station]]<br />
* [[New Giridih railway station]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.indiarailinfo.com/ India Rail Info]<br />
* [http://www.erail.in/ Erail]<br />
<br />
{{Railways in Eastern India}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhupur-Giridih-Koderma line}}<br />
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]<br />
[[Category:Asansol railway division]]<br />
[[Category:Dhanbad railway division]]<br />
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1871]]</div>KathieMuriel714https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basilica_of_St._John_de_Britto&diff=490026Basilica of St. John de Britto2025-03-13T21:27:16Z<p>KathieMuriel714: added.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox church<br />
| name = <br />
| fullname = <br />
| other name = <br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| pushpin map = India Tamil Nadu<br />
| pushpin label position = <br />
| pushpin map alt = <br />
| pushpin mapsize = <br />
| relief = <br />
| map caption = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|9.8507034|79.0495628|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<br />
| osgridref = <!-- {{gbmappingsmall| TEXT}} --><br />
| osgraw = <!-- TEXT --><br />
| location = [[Orur]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| language(s) = <br />
| denomination = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]<br />
| previous denomination = <br />
| associations = <br />
| tradition = <br />
| religious institute = <!-- or | religious order = --><br />
| churchmanship = <br />
| membership = <br />
| attendance = <br />
| campuses = <br />
| address = Orur (Oriyur), Ramnad District, Tamil Nadu, India, PIN 623406<br />
| website = {{URL|https://www.johndebrittoshrine.com/}}<br />
| former name = <!-- or | former names = --><br />
| bull date = <br />
| status = [[Basilica]]<br />
| founded date = <!-- {{start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} - but see note below --><br />
| founder = <br />
| dedication = <br />
| dedicated date = <br />
| earlydedication = <br />
| otherdedication = <br />
| consecrated date = <br />
| cult = [[John de Britto|St. John de Britto]]<br />
| relics = <br />
| events = <br />
| past bishop = <br />
| people = <br />
| functional status = Active<br />
| heritage designation = <br />
| designated date = <br />
| previous cathedrals = <br />
| architect = <br />
| architectural type = <br />
| style = <br />
| years built = <br />
| groundbreaking = 1948<br />
| completed date = 1960<br />
| construction cost = <br />
| closed date = <br />
| demolished date = <br />
| capacity = <br />
| length = <!-- {{convert| }} --><br />
| length nave = <br />
| length choir = <br />
| width = <!-- {{convert| }} --><br />
| width nave = <!-- {{convert| }} --><br />
| width transepts = <br />
| height = <!-- {{convert| }} --><br />
| height nave = <br />
| height choir = <br />
| diameter = <!-- {{convert| }} --><br />
| other dimensions = <br />
| floor count = <br />
| floor area = <!-- {{convert| }} --><br />
| dome quantity = <br />
| dome height outer = <!-- {{convert| }} --><br />
| dome height inner = <!-- {{convert| }} --><br />
| dome dia outer = <!-- {{convert| }} --><br />
| dome dia inner = <!-- {{convert| }} --><br />
| tower quantity = 2<br />
| tower height = <br />
| spire quantity = <br />
| spire height = <!-- {{convert| }} --><br />
| materials = <br />
| bells = <!-- or | bells hung = --><br />
| bell weight = <!-- {{long ton|0| }} --><br />
| parish = <br />
| benefice = <br />
| deanery = <br />
| archdeaconry = <br />
| episcopalarea = <br />
| archdiocese = <br />
| metropolis = <br />
| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sivagangai|Sivagangai]]<br />
| diocese start = <br />
| province = <!-- ecclesiastical province, not civil province --><br />
| presbytery = <br />
| synod = <br />
| circuit = <br />
| district = <br />
| division = <br />
| subdivision = <br />
| archbishop = <!-- cathedrals only --><br />
| bishop = <!-- cathedrals only --><br />
| auxiliary bishop = <!-- cathedrals only --><br />
| cardinal protector = <br />
| abbot = <br />
| prior = <br />
| subprior = <br />
| provost-rector = <br />
| exarch = <br />
| provost = <br />
| viceprovost = <br />
| rector = <br />
| vicar = <br />
| dean = <br />
| subdean = <br />
| archpriest = <br />
| precentor = <br />
| succentor = <br />
| chancellor = <!-- cathedrals only --><br />
| canonchancellor = <!-- cathedrals only --><br />
| canon = <br />
| canonpastor = <br />
| canonmissioner = <br />
| canontreasurer = <br />
| prebendary = <br />
| priestincharge = <br />
| priest = <br />
| asstpriest = <br />
| honpriest = <br />
| curate = <br />
| asstcurate = <br />
| nonstipendiaryminister = <br />
| minister = <br />
| assistant = <br />
| seniorpastor = <br />
| pastor = <br />
| chaplain = <br />
| archdeacon = <br />
| deacon = <br />
| deaconess = <br />
| reader = <br />
| student intern = <br />
| organistdom = <br />
| director = <br />
| organist = <br />
| organscholar = <br />
| chapterclerk = <br />
| laychapter = <br />
| sessionclerk = <br />
| treasurer = <br />
| warden = <br />
| verger = <br />
| businessmgr = <br />
| liturgycoord = <br />
| reledu = <br />
| ocia = <br />
| youthmin = <br />
| flowerguild = <br />
| musicgroup = <br />
| parishadmin = <br />
| serversguild = <br />
| sacristan = <br />
| logo = <br />
| logosize = <br />
| logolink = <br />
| logoalt = <br />
| embedded = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Basilica of St. John de Britto''' is a Catholic church and pilgrimage centre in [[Tamil Nadu]]. The church was built over the site of the martyrdom of [[John de Britto|St. John de Britto]] in [[Orur|Oriyur]]. The church has two tall towers that are visible from afar.<ref name=ShrineWebsite /><br />
<br />
The foundation of the church was laid in 1948 and the church was completed in 1960.<ref name=ShrineWebsite>{{cite web|title=About the shrine |url=https://www.johndebrittoshrine.com/copy-of-contact |website=www.johndebrittoshrine.com |access-date=3 April 2024}}</ref> On 5 December 2023, it was announced that [[Pope Francis]] had bestowed the status of a [[minor basilica]] on the church.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Shrine of St. John de Britto is Now a Minor Basilica |url=https://jivanmagazine.com/the-shrine-of-st-john-de-britto-is-now-a-minor-basilica/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |work=Jivan Magazine |date=22 January 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Raj |first1=Selva J. |title=Transgressing Boundaries, Transcending Turner: The Pilgrimage Tradition at the Shrine of St. John De Britto |journal=Journal of Ritual Studies |date=2002 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=4–18 |jstor=44368623 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44368623 |access-date=3 April 2024 |issn=0890-1112}}<br />
<br />
{{Basilicas in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Basilica churches in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-RC-church-stub}}</div>KathieMuriel714