https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=KatherinDenmarkBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-07-31T13:28:23ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pune%E2%80%93Amravati_AC_Superfast_Express&diff=527196Pune–Amravati AC Superfast Express2026-05-07T00:43:55Z<p>KatherinDenmark: stub</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Train in India}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}<br />
{{italic title}}<br />
{{Infobox rail service<br />
| color = D24E01<br />
| name = Pune Junction – Amravati<br>''AC Superfast Express''<br />
| logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg<br />
| caption = <br />
| type = [[AC Express (Indian Railways)|AC Express]]<br />
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2017|05|10}}<br />
| last = <br />
| operator = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]<br />
| ridership = <br />
| start = {{stnlnk|Pune}} (PUNE)<br />
| stops = 9<br />
| end = {{stnlnk|Amravati}} (AMI)<br />
| distance = {{convert|725|km|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| journeytime = 13 hours<br />
| frequency = Weekly<br />
| class = AC First Class, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier<br />
| seating = No<br />
| sleeping = Yes<br />
| autorack = <br />
| catering = Available<br />
| observation = Large windows<br />
| entertainment = <br />
| baggage = Available<br />
| otherfacilities = Below the seats<br />
| stock = [[LHB coach]]<br />
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}<br />
| electrification = <br />
| trainnumber = 22117 / 22118<br />
| speed = {{convert|130|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum,<br/>{{convert|60|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.<br />
| map = {{Pune–Amravati AC Superfast Express Route}}<br />
| map_state = <br />
}}<br />
The 22117 / 22118 '''Pune–Amravati AC Superfast Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]] train of the [[AC Express (Indian Railways)|AC Express]] series belonging to [[Indian Railways]] – [[Central Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Pune Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Amravati}} in India.<br />
<br />
It operates as train number 22117 from Pune Junction to Amravati and as train number 22118 in the reverse direction, serving the states of [[Maharashtra]].<br />
<br />
==Coaches==<br />
<br />
The 22117 / 18 Pune Junction–Amravati AC Superfast Express has 9 AC 3 tier, 4 AC 2 Tier & 2 End on Generator coaches. It doesn't carry a [[pantry car]] .<br />
<br />
As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| Loco<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 1<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 2<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 3<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 4<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 5<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 6<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 7<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 8<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 9<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 10<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 11<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 12<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 13<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 14<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 15<br />
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:magenta;"| 16<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]] ||EOG||H1||A4||A3||A2||A1||B9||B8||B7||B6||B5||B4||B3||B2||B1||EOG<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* EOG consists of Luggage and Generator coach<br />
* B consists of AC 3 Tier coach<br />
* PC consists of Pantry car coach<br />
* A consists of AC 2 Tier coach<br />
* H consists of First Class AC coach<br />
<br />
==Service==<br />
<br />
The 22117 Pune Junction–Amravati AC Superfast Express covers the distance of {{convert|725|km|0|abbr=on}} in 12 hours (60.00&nbsp;km/h) and in 13 hours 5 mins as 22118 Amravati–Pune Junction AC Superfast Express (55.00&nbsp;km/h).<br />
<br />
As the average speed of the train is above {{convert|55|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.<br />
<br />
==Routeing==<br />
<br />
The 22117 / 18 Pune Junction–Amravati AC Superfast Express runs from Pune Junction via {{stnlnk|Daund Chord Line}}, {{stnlnk|Ahilyanagar}}, {{stnlnk|Manmad Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Jalgaon Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Bhusaval Junction}}, Malkapur, {{stnlnk|Akola Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Badnera Junction}} to Amravati.<ref>[http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3975&did=14941405840901C28F2D266024B91559FAB862CAB685F.web91], ''Central Railway'', 7 May 2017</ref><br />
<br />
==Traction==<br />
<br />
As the route is fully electrified, an [[Electric Loco Shed, Ajni|Ajni]]-based [[WAP-7]] or [[WAP-1]] locomotive powers the train to its destination.<br />
<br />
==Rake sharing==<br />
<br />
22123/24 – [[Pune–Ajni AC Superfast Express]]<br />
22125/26 - [[Nagpur-Amritsar AC Superfast Express]]<br />
<br />
==Operation==<br />
<br />
*22117 Pune Junction–Amravati AC Superfast Express leaves Pune Junction every Wednesday & arriving Amravati the next day.<br />
*22118 Amravati–Pune Junction AC Superfast Express leaves Amravati every Thursday & arriving Pune Junction the next day.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/pune-amravati-ac-superfast-express-22117/52239/76/3446 22117 AC Superfast Express] at India Rail Info<br />
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/amravati-pune-ac-superfast-express-22118/52235/3446/76 22118 AC Superfast Express] at India Rail Info<br />
<br />
{{AC Express}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pune-Amravati AC Superfast Express}}<br />
[[Category:AC Express (Indian Railways) trains]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Amravati]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Pune]]<br />
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2017]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basudhara_Roy&diff=490067Basudhara Roy2026-05-06T04:12:19Z<p>KatherinDenmark: creating stub</p>
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<div>{{short description|Indian poet and academic}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox author<br />
| name = Basudhara Roy<br />
| image = Basudhara Roy.jpg<br />
| birth_date = 1986<br />
| occupation = Poet and Assistant Professor of English<br />
| notable_works = A Blur of a Woman, Write To Me, Inhabiting, Stitching a Home, Migrations of Hope, Moon in My Teacup<br />
| website = {{URL|basudhararoy.com}}<br />
| alma_mater = Graduated from Banaras Hindu University<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| genre = Poetry, Criticism<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Basudhara Roy''' (born 1986) is an Indian English-language poet, critic, and assistant professor at PG Department of English at Karim City College, Jamshedpur, which is affiliated with [[Kolhan University]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite report |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/aboutus/pdf/AR-2023-24.pdf |title=Annual Report 2023-24 |date=25 April 2025 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |page=108 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
Born in 1986, Roy completed her graduation and post-graduation in English at [[Banaras Hindu University]], where she earned gold medals. She was later awarded the UGC [[Research fellowships in India|Junior Research Fellowship]] and received her Ph.D. in Diaspora Women's writing from [[Kolhan University]], Chaibasa.<ref name="karimBio">{{cite web |title=Dr. Basudhara Roy – Karim City College |url=https://karimcitycollege.ac.in/2023/06/15/dr-basudhara-roy/ |website=Karim City College |date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 August 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Roy has been teaching in the Department of English at Karim City College for over a decade, with areas of interest that include diaspora literature, cultural studies, gender studies, postmodern criticism, and ecological studies.<ref name="karimBio"/><br />
<br />
==Published works==<br />
Roy's academic and creative output spans literary criticism and poetry:<br />
<br />
=== Criticism ===<br />
* ''Migrations of Hope: A Study of the Short Fiction of Three Indian American Writers'' (Atlantic Publishers, 2019) – a scholarly monograph based on her doctoral research.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-15 |title=Dr. Basudhara Roy - Karim City College |url=https://karimcitycollege.ac.in/2023/06/15/dr-basudhara-roy/ |access-date=2025-08-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* ''Write to Me: Essays on Indian Poetry in English'' (Black Eagle Books, 2024)<br />
<br />
===Poetry collections===<br />
* ''Moon in My Teacup'' (Writer's Workshop, 2019)<br />
* ''Stitching a Home'' (Red River, 2021)<ref name=":1" /><br />
* ''Inhabiting'' (Authorspress, 2022)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Lahiri |first=Gopal |date=2022-06-15 |title=Book Review: Existential Exploration in Poetry |url=https://livewire.thewire.in/livewire/book-review-existential-exploration-in-poetry/ |access-date=2025-08-14 |website=The Wire |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Ali |first=Semeen |date=2022 |title=Review of Inhabiting; New Poems (2018-2021), KottoorGopikrishnan, AdisakritKavya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27277344 |journal=Indian Literature |volume=66 |issue=4 (330) |pages=191–194 |jstor=27277344 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref><br />
* A Blur of a Woman (Red River, 2024)<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Sarangi |first=Jaydeep |date=2025-01-24 |title=Verse therapy {{!}} Review of 'A Blur of a Woman' by Basudhara Roy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/poetry-book-review-a-blur-of-a-woman-basudhara-roy-contemporary-indian-english-poems/article68958087.ece |access-date=2025-08-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Edited Books ===<br />
<br />
* ''Soul Spaces: Poems on Cities, Towns and Villages'' (Authorspress, 2022)<ref name="karimBio" /><br />
* ''Mapping the Mind, Minding the Map: Twenty Contemporary Indian English Poets'' (Sahitya Akademi, 2023)<ref name="karimBio" /><br />
<br />
Her poems and essays have appeared in prominent platforms such as [[Economic and Political Weekly|EPW]], The Pine Cone Review, [[The Wire (India)|Live Wire]], Lucy Writers’ Platform, The Woman Inc., Madras Courier, Berfrois, Yearbook of Indian English Poetry 2020–21, and The Aleph Review.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
==Academic contributions==<br />
Beyond the classroom, Roy has contributed reviews, translations, and editorial work in literary journals. She has served in editorial roles on boards such as Teesta Review and Daath Voyage, and has guest-reviewed for academic journals. Her conference presence spans topics like diaspora, feminism, ecocriticism, postcolonialism, and pedagogical ethics.<ref name="karimBio"/> Roy also contributes toward theme of [[Indian English literature|Indian Writings in English]] and takes part in [[Sahitya Akademi]] literary events.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Symposium-English_06-01-2023.pdf |title=CURRENT TRENDS IN INDIAN POETRY IN ENGLISH |date=20 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/FOL-2024_11-16-Mar-2024.pdf |title=Sahityoutsav: Festival of Letters |date=10 January 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Poetry and critical reception==<br />
<br />
Roy's debut collection, ''Moon in My Teacup'', was praised by [[Jaydeep Sarangi]] in The Statesman for its “unassailable gusto,” its blend of intimacy and socio-ecological awareness, and a manner “marked by clarity and modesty,” which the reviewer linked to poetic traditions of Kamala Das and Mamang Dai.<ref name="statesman">{{cite web |title=Poetry of the Mind |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/books-education/poetry-of-the-mind-1502887137.html |website=The Statesman |date=11 May 2020 |access-date=15 August 2025}}</ref> According to Lahiri, Roy's "poems never shrink from moral ambiguity and difficult questions of life."<ref name=":2" /> In her third collection, ''Inhabiting'', Roy continues to explore emotion and imagery evocatively, showing affinity with figures like Su Tung-Po in her poetic sensibility.<ref name=":3" /> Anita Nahal describes her as a neo-romantic poet whose work fuses realism, mystery, drama, and wit, invoking poetic traditions of Pablo Neruda, Langston Hughes, Emily Dickinson, and Maya Angelou, and weaving themes of love, inhabiting, and water.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nahal |first=Anita |date=2023-02-17 |title=Remarkable Poetry from a Wise Soul |url=https://eastindiastory.com/remarkable-poetry-from-a-wise-soul/ |access-date=2025-08-14 |website=East India Story |language=en-US}}</ref> Her recent collection, ''A Blur of a Woman'' gathers poems and has received coverage in national press. ''The Hindu'' carried a dedicated review of the collection, marking mainstream critical attention to her most recent volume.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Roy explores belonging, memory, relationships, ecological awareness, and lived interiority in her poems. Her poetic language moves between delicate imagery, quiet strength, and emotional resonance, balancing the personal and universal in a voice both reflective and quietly powerful.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women poets]]<br />
[[Category:People from Jamshedpur]]<br />
[[Category:1986 births]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Janshakti_Janata_Dal&diff=505713Janshakti Janata Dal2026-05-03T13:24:37Z<p>KatherinDenmark: Started New Info!</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian political party founded in 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian political party<br />
| party_name = Janshakti Janata Dal <br />
| leader = [[Tej Pratap Yadav]]<br />
| spokesperson = Dr. Prem Yadav<br />
| flag =<br />
| colorcode = {{Party color|Janshakti Janata Dal}}<br />
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2025|09|26}}<br />
| abbreviation = JJD<br />
| ideology = <br />
| Political position =<br />
| headquarters = Patna, Bihar – 800001<br />
| logo =<br />
| founder = Tej Pratap Yadav<br />
| split = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]<br />
| eci = [[List of political parties in India#Unrecognised parties|RUPP]]<br />
|alliance=<br />
| website = https://janshaktijanatadal.org/<br />
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#f9cc11}}<br />
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex=#f9cc11}}<br />
| state_seats_name = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|0|243|hex=#f9cc11}}<br />
| state2_seats_name = [[Bihar Legislative Council]]<br />
| state2_seats = {{Composition bar|0|75|hex=#f9cc11}}<br />
| slogan =<br />
*Social Justice<br />
*Social Rights <br />
*Total Change<br />
| colours = {{Color box|#f9cc11}} {{Color box|#00753e}} Yellow and Green<br />
| electoral_symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Black Board.jpg|90px]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Janshakti Janata Dal''' ("People's Power Party"), abbreviated as '''JJD''', is an Indian political party founded by [[Tej Pratap Yadav]], the son of [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] and [[Rabri Devi]], on 26 September 2025, following his expulsion from the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tej Pratap Yadav announces party symbol a month after launching Janshakti Janata Dal |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/tej-pratap-yadav-announces-party-symbol-months-after-launching-janshakti-janata-dal-13582888.html |date=2025-09-26 |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Money Control}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/tej-pratap-floats-new-outfit-jan-shakti-janata-dal-ahead-of-bihar-polls/articleshow/124154129.cms|title=Tej Pratap unveils new party 'Jan Shakti Janata Dal' ahead of Bihar polls|date=September 26, 2025|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/janshakti-janta-dal-bihar-gathbandhan-will-protest-till-mahua-mla-is-sent-to-jail-tej-pratap-yadav20250921182425-145229/|title="Janshakti Janta Dal, Bihar Gathbandhan will protest till Mahua MLA is sent to jail": Tej Pratap Yadav|date=September 21, 2025|website=The Sunday Guardian}}</ref> After the conclusion of the [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], party president Tej Pratap Yadav announced that the '''Janshakti Janata Dal''' would extend support to the [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar Election Result: Tej Pratap Yadav's JJD extends moral support to NDA government |url=https://ndtv.in/bihar-news/bihar-election-result-tej-pratap-yadav-janshakti-janata-dal-moral-support-to-nda-government-rohini-acharya-9646569/amp/1 |website=NDTV |date=2025-11-10 |access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref><br />
<br />
Yadav had, on 18 August 2025, floated the new political party, which had been led by Balendra Das as President since its formation before the 2024 Indian general election.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Ramashankar |date=2025-08-18 |title=Expelled RJD leader Tej Pratap Yadav floats new party ahead of Bihar polls |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Aug/18/expelled-rjd-leader-tej-pratap-yadav-floats-new-party-ahead-of-bihar-polls |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> [[Dainik Jagran]] reported that the party has been registered since 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=hi:Bihar Politics: ...तो इस पार्टी की टिकट पर चुनाव लड़ेंगे तेज प्रताप! CEO ऑफिस में जमा किए दस्तावेज |trans-title=Tej Pratap Yadav Submits Party Documents to Election Commission Patna City News |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-tej-pratap-yadav-submits-party-documents-to-election-commission-patna-city-news-24017309.html |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
The party's first list of candidates for the [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] had a total of 21 candidates.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-10-13 |title=Bihar Elections: Tej Pratap Yadav's Jan Shakti Janata Dal Announces Candidates For 21 Seats |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!bharat/tej-pratap-yadav-janashakti-janata-dal-announce-21-candidate-name-for-bihar-election-2025-enn25101304851 |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> Yadav himself announced his candidacy from [[Mahua Assembly constituency|Mahua constituency]] in [[Vaishali district]], Bihar. The party failed to win any seat.<br />
<br />
==Electoral Performance==<br />
===Bihar Assembly Elections===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!style="background-color:{{party color|Janshakti Janata Dal}};color: white"|Year<br />
!style="background-color:{{party color|Janshakti Janata Dal}};color: white"|Vidhan sabha<br />
!style="background-color:{{party color|Janshakti Janata Dal}};color:white"|Party leader<br />
!style="background-color:{{party color|Janshakti Janata Dal}};color:white"|Seats contested<br />
!style="background-color:{{party color|Janshakti Janata Dal}};color:white"|Seats won / Seats Contested<br />
!style="background-color:{{party color|Janshakti Janata Dal}};color:white"|Overall vote <br />
!style="background-color:{{party color|Janshakti Janata Dal}};color:white"|Overall vote %<br />
!style="background-color:{{party color|Janshakti Janata Dal}};color:white"|Vote swing<br />
!style="background-color:{{party color|Janshakti Janata Dal}};color:white"|Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]<br />
|[[Bihar Legislative Assembly|17th Assembly]]<br />
|[[Tej Pratap Yadav]]<br />
|45<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|45}}<br />
|135514<br />
|0.27%<br />
|{{new}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web<br />
|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/ae/2025/16<br />
|title=Statistical Report on General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar 2025<br />
|website=Election Commission of India<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Candidate list along with Results for Bihar Assembly Elections 2025 ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! AC No.<br />
! AC Name<br />
! Candidate name<br />
! Gender<br />
! Age<br />
! Total Votes<br />
! Vote %<br />
|-<br />
| 11<br />
| [[Sugauli Assembly constituency|Sugauli]]<br />
| Shyam Kishor Chaudhary<br />
| Male<br />
| 35<br />
| 40,684<br />
| 20.47<br />
|-<br />
| 126<br />
| [[Mahua Assembly constituency|Mahua]]<br />
| [[Tej Pratap Yadav]]<br />
| Male<br />
| 36<br />
| 35,703<br />
| 16.89<br />
|-<br />
| 191<br />
| [[Bikram Assembly constituency|Bikram]]<br />
| Ajeet Kumar<br />
| Male<br />
| 41<br />
| 4,937<br />
| 2.29<br />
|-<br />
| 14<br />
| [[Govindganj Assembly constituency|Govindganj]]<br />
| Ashutosh Kumar<br />
| Male<br />
| 30<br />
| 3,471<br />
| 1.90<br />
|-<br />
| 15<br />
| [[Kesaria Assembly constituency|Kesaria]]<br />
| Vinod Kumar<br />
| Male<br />
| 36<br />
| 3,313<br />
| 1.88<br />
|-<br />
| 20<br />
| [[Chiraia Assembly constituency|Chiraia]]<br />
| Mukesh Kumar<br />
| Male<br />
| 35<br />
| 2,920<br />
| 1.47<br />
|-<br />
| 187<br />
| [[Maner Assembly constituency|Maner]]<br />
| Shankar Kumar<br />
| Male<br />
| 49<br />
| 3,290<br />
| 1.45<br />
|-<br />
| 235<br />
| [[Rajauli Assembly constituency|Rajauli]] (SC)<br />
| Prakash Vir<br />
| Male<br />
| 59<br />
| 2,856<br />
| 1.42<br />
|-<br />
| 30<br />
| [[Belsand Assembly constituency|Belsand]]<br />
| Vikash Kumar<br />
| Male<br />
| 35<br />
| 2,284<br />
| 1.25<br />
|-<br />
| 34<br />
| [[Babubarhi Assembly constituency|Babubarhi]]<br />
| Shanti Devi<br />
| Female<br />
| 64<br />
| 2,556<br />
| 1.24<br />
|-<br />
| 31<br />
| [[Harlakhi Assembly constituency|Harlakhi]]<br />
| Jitender Yadav<br />
| Male<br />
| 34<br />
| 1,907<br />
| 1.04<br />
|-<br />
| 102<br />
| [[Kuchaikote Assembly constituency|Kuchaikote]]<br />
| Braj Bihari Bhatt<br />
| Male<br />
| 57<br />
| 2,025<br />
| 1.00<br />
|-<br />
| 84<br />
| [[Hayaghat Assembly constituency|Hayaghat]]<br />
| Jagnnath Singh<br />
| Male<br />
| 64<br />
| 1,465<br />
| 0.87<br />
|-<br />
| 195<br />
| [[Agiaon Assembly constituency|Agiaon]] (SC)<br />
| Barun Deo<br />
| Male<br />
| 54<br />
| 1,326<br />
| 0.86<br />
|-<br />
| 137<br />
| [[Mohiuddinnagar Assembly constituency|Mohiuddinnagar]]<br />
| Ajay Kumar Bulganin<br />
| Male<br />
| 62<br />
| 1,498<br />
| 0.82<br />
|-<br />
| 138<br />
| [[Bibhutipur Assembly constituency|Bibhutipur]]<br />
| Neel Kamal<br />
| Male<br />
| 26<br />
| 1,518<br />
| 0.77<br />
|-<br />
| 29<br />
| [[Runnisaidpur Assembly constituency|Runnisaidpur]]<br />
| Pramod Kumar<br />
| Male<br />
| 49<br />
| 1,231<br />
| 0.64<br />
|-<br />
| 234<br />
| [[Wazirganj Assembly constituency|Wazirganj]]<br />
| Prem Kumar<br />
| Male<br />
| 35<br />
| 1,316<br />
| 0.63<br />
|-<br />
| 122<br />
| [[Sonepur Assembly constituency|Sonepur]]<br />
| Surendra Prasad Yadav<br />
| Male<br />
| 57<br />
| 1,235<br />
| 0.62<br />
|-<br />
| 18<br />
| [[Madhuban, Bihar Assembly constituency|Madhuban]]<br />
| Shivshankar Ray<br />
| Male<br />
| 56<br />
| 1,101<br />
| 0.60<br />
|-<br />
| 115<br />
| [[Baniapur Assembly constituency|Baniapur]]<br />
| Pushpa Kumari<br />
| Female<br />
| 30<br />
| 1,135<br />
| 0.57<br />
|-<br />
| 108<br />
| [[Raghunathpur, Bihar Assembly constituency|Raghunathpur]]<br />
| Pashupati Nath Chaturvedi<br />
| Male<br />
| 71<br />
| 996<br />
| 0.55<br />
|-<br />
| 88<br />
| [[Gaighat Assembly constituency|Gaighat]]<br />
| Umesh Prasad Singh<br />
| Male<br />
| 63<br />
| 1,226<br />
| 0.55<br />
|-<br />
| 73<br />
| [[Madhepura Assembly constituency|Madhepura]]<br />
| Sanjay Yadav<br />
| Male<br />
| 45<br />
| 1,278<br />
| 0.53<br />
|-<br />
| 233<br />
| [[Atri Assembly constituency|Atri]]<br />
| Avinash Kumar Sonu<br />
| Male<br />
| 33<br />
| 1,026<br />
| 0.52<br />
|-<br />
| 143<br />
| [[Teghra Assembly constituency|Teghra]]<br />
| Chandra Prakash Singh<br />
| Male<br />
| 56<br />
| 1,059<br />
| 0.50<br />
|-<br />
| 214<br />
| [[Arwal Assembly constituency|Arwal]]<br />
| Arun Kumar<br />
| Male<br />
| 30<br />
| 804<br />
| 0.47<br />
|-<br />
| 32<br />
| [[Benipatti Assembly constituency|Benipatti]]<br />
| Abadh Kishor Jha<br />
| Male<br />
| 48<br />
| 811<br />
| 0.46<br />
|-<br />
| 201<br />
| [[Dumraon Assembly constituency|Dumraon]]<br />
| Dinesh Singh<br />
| Male<br />
| 41<br />
| 829<br />
| 0.42<br />
|-<br />
| 129<br />
| [[Mahnar Assembly constituency|Mahnar]]<br />
| Jai Singh<br />
| Male<br />
| 38<br />
| 849<br />
| 0.42<br />
|-<br />
| 180<br />
| [[Bakhtiarpur Assembly constituency|Bakhtiarpur]]<br />
| Gulshan Kumar Yadav<br />
| Male<br />
| 30<br />
| 791<br />
| 0.40<br />
|-<br />
| 6<br />
| [[Nautan Assembly constituency|Nautan]]<br />
| Ajeet Kumar Sah<br />
| Male<br />
| 28<br />
| 782<br />
| 0.38<br />
|-<br />
| 116<br />
| [[Taraiya Assembly constituency|Taraiya]]<br />
| Vivek Kumar<br />
| Male<br />
| 29<br />
| 681<br />
| 0.35<br />
|-<br />
| 35<br />
| [[Bisfi Assembly constituency|Bisfi]]<br />
| Sonu Kumar<br />
| Male<br />
| 27<br />
| 697<br />
| 0.34<br />
|-<br />
| 198<br />
| [[Shahpur, Bihar Assembly constituency|Shahpur]]<br />
| Madan Yadav<br />
| Male<br />
| 50<br />
| 589<br />
| 0.33<br />
|-<br />
| 54<br />
| [[Kishanganj, Bihar Assembly constituency|Kishanganj]]<br />
| Md Tariq Anwar<br />
| Male<br />
| 45<br />
| 749<br />
| 0.33<br />
|-<br />
| 197<br />
| [[Jagdishpur, Bihar Assembly constituency|Jagdishpur]]<br />
| Neeraj Roy<br />
| Male<br />
| 32<br />
| 607<br />
| 0.32<br />
|-<br />
| 128<br />
| [[Raghopur Assembly constituency|Raghopur]]<br />
| Prem Kumar<br />
| Male<br />
| 36<br />
| 709<br />
| 0.30<br />
|-<br />
| 130<br />
| [[Patepur Assembly constituency|Patepur]] (SC)<br />
| Rina Kumari<br />
| Female<br />
| 36<br />
| 559<br />
| 0.27<br />
|-<br />
| 184<br />
| [[Patna Sahib Assembly constituency|Patna Sahib]]<br />
| Minu Kumari<br />
| Female<br />
| 39<br />
| 606<br />
| 0.26<br />
|-<br />
| 146<br />
| [[Begusarai Assembly constituency|Begusarai]]<br />
| Ramkrishna Mahto<br />
| Male<br />
| 31<br />
| 519<br />
| 0.23<br />
|-<br />
| 93<br />
| [[Kurhani Assembly constituency|Kurhani]]<br />
| Md Gulam Masoom<br />
| Male<br />
| 38<br />
| 524<br />
| 0.23<br />
|-<br />
| 164<br />
| [[Tarapur Assembly constituency|Tarapur]]<br />
| Sukhdev Yadav<br />
| Male<br />
| 79<br />
| 387<br />
| 0.18<br />
|-<br />
| 196<br />
| [[Tarari Assembly constituency|Tarari]]<br />
| Sikandar Kumar<br />
| Male<br />
| 43<br />
| 327<br />
| 0.17<br />
|-<br />
| 77<br />
| [[Mahishi Assembly constituency|Mahishi]]<br />
| Devnarayan Yadav<br />
| Male<br />
| 45<br />
| 338<br />
| 0.17<br />
|}<br />
Source:<ref>{{Cite web<br />
|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/ae/2025/16<br />
|title=Statistical Report on General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar 2025<br />
|website=Election Commission of India<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
NOTE:<br />
* 1. Out of 45 candidates who contested the election, only 2 were able to retain their [[Election deposit|security deposits]], having secured at least one-sixth (16.67%) of the total votes.<br />
* 2. Following the rejection of the nomination of [[Vikassheel Insaan Party|VIP]] candidate Shashi Bhushan Singh, the [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagathbandhan]] extended its support to JJD candidate Shyam Kishore Chaudhary from the [[Sugauli Assembly constituency|Sugauli]] constituency.<br />
* 3. The symbol allotted to the party was the “blackboard.”<br />
* 4. The total number of votes secured was 135,514, which constituted a 0.27% share of the total votes cast across the state.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Political parties in Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Political parties established in 2025]]<br />
[[Category:Janata Parivar]]<br />
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]<br />
<br />
{{India-party-stub}}</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nani_Gopal_Majumdar&diff=520402Nani Gopal Majumdar2026-04-30T05:03:53Z<p>KatherinDenmark: New new details!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Bengali archaeologist}}<br />
{{Infobox scientist<br />
|name = Nani Gopal Majumdar<br />
|honorific-suffix = <br />
|image = Nani Gopal Mazumdar.jpg<br />
|image_size =<br />
|caption = <br />
|birth_name = Nani Gopal<br />
|birth_date = 1 December 1897<br />
|birth_place = [[Jessore (city)|Jessore]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<br />
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1938|11|11|1897|12|01}} <br />
|death_place = [[Johi, Dadu|Johi]], [[Sind Province (1936-55)|Sind]], British India<br />
|residence = <br />
|citizenship = <br />
|nationality = <br />
|ethnicity = <br />
|field = [[Archaeology]]<br />
|spouse = Snehlata Majumdar<br />
|work_institutions = <br />
|alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]<br />
|doctoral_advisor = <br />
|doctoral_students = <br />
|known_for = <br />
|influences = <br />
|influenced = <br />
|prizes = <br />
|religion = <br />
|footnotes = <br />
|signature =<br />
}}<br />
'''Nani Gopal Majumdar''', also known as '''N. G. Majumdar''' (1 December 1897 &ndash; 11 November 1938), was a Bengali archaeologist who is credited with having discovered 62 [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] sites in Sindh including [[Chanhudaro]].<ref name="dawn_20110731">{{cite news|title=N. G. Majumdar remembered|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/602908/n-g-majumdar-remembered|work=[[DAWN (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=31 July 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
<br />
Majumdar was born on 1 December 1897 to Baradaprasanna Majumdar and his wife Sarojini in the town of [[Jessore]].<ref name="dawn_20110731" /> Majumdar passed his M. A. from the [[University of Calcutta]] in 1920, winning a gold medal.<ref name="dawn_20110731" /> He won a doctorate from the Calcutta University in 1923 for his thesis on "Vajra".<ref name="dawn_20110731" /> The same year he joined the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) and participated in the excavations at [[Mohenjodaro]].<ref name="flamp91">{{cite book|title=Connections and Complexity: New Approaches to the Archaeology of South Asia|chapter=The Sindh Archaeological Project: Explorations in the Lower Indus Basin and Western Sindh|first=Louis|last=Flam|pages=91–92}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Archaeology work ==<br />
<br />
On 22 April 1929, Majumdar was appointed Superintendent of the Central Circle and served till 9 May 1929 when he was transferred to the Head Office in Calcutta as Assistant Superintendent.<ref name="dawn_20110731" /><br />
<br />
== Explorations in Sindh ==<br />
<br />
Majumdar first explored Sind in 1927.<ref name="flamp91" /> During his explorations, he discovered that the Lower Indus Valley was inhabited as early as the Early Indus period.<ref name="flamp91" /> Aided by a small grant, in 1927-28, Majumdar excavated the Indus Valley site of [[Jhukar-jo-Daro|Jhukar]] near Mohenjodaro. In March 1930, Majumdar excavated two new sites of [[Tharro Hills|Tharo Hill]] and [[Chanhudaro]].<ref name="flamp91" /><br />
<br />
In October 1930, Majumdar left Dokri near Mohenjodaro and headed southwest along the [[Kirthar Mountains]].<ref name="flamp91" /> By the time he returned in March 1931, Majumdar had discovered more than 32 prehistoric sites. Majumdar wrote a detailed report of his explorations and excavations in his book ''Exploration in Sind'' (1934).<ref name="flamp91" /><ref name="dawn_20110116">{{cite news|title=Tribute paid to archaeologist N G Majumdar|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/599241/tribute-paid-to-archaeologist-ng-majumdar|work=Dawn|date=16 January 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 1 October 1938, Majumdar was once again deputed to Sindh for six months to explore the region for Indus Valley sites.<ref name="flamp91" /><ref name="dawn_20110731" /> Majumdar travelled over 200 miles on foot and discovered half a dozen sites of the Chalcolithic period.<ref name="dawn_20110731" /><br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
On the morning of 11 November 1938, while offering ''puja'' at a small Hindu shrine close to his camp near the archaeological site of Rohelji Kund, on bank of [[Nai Gaj|Gaaj river]], [[Johi, Dadu|Johi]], [[Dadu District]],<ref name="dawn_20110731"/> Majumdar was shot dead by bandits.<ref name="flamp91" /><ref name="dawn_20110731" /> A plaque marks the spot where he was killed.<ref name="dawn_20110116"/><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Majumdar married Snehlata Mukherjee.<ref name="dawn_20110731" /> The couple had two daughters and a son, Tapas Majumdar (1929-2010).<ref name="dawn_20110731" /> Tapas, who was nine when Nani Gopal died, later graduated from the [[Presidency College, Calcutta]] where he served as a [[professor]] of [[economics]].<ref name="telegraph_20101019">{{cite news|title=Obituary:Tapas Majumdar (1929-2010)|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101019/jsp/opinion/story_13073179.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201062824/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101019/jsp/opinion/story_13073179.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 1, 2015|work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=19 October 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1897 births]]<br />
[[Category:1938 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Sindhologists]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali scientists]]<br />
[[Category:People from Jessore District]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian archaeologists]]<br />
[[Category:Mohenjo-daro]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1983_in_Kerala&diff=4819431983 in Kerala2026-04-30T03:56:14Z<p>KatherinDenmark: creating info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Year in Kerala}}Events in the year '''1983''' in '''Kerala'''.<br />
<br />
== Incumbents ==<br />
[[List of governors of Kerala|'''Governor of Kerala''']] -<br />
<br />
* [[P. Ramachandran]]<br />
<br />
[[List of chief ministers of Kerala|'''Chief ministers of Kerala''']] – <br />
<br />
* [[K. Karunakaran]]<br />
<br />
== Events ==<br />
<br />
* 24 March - News spreads about a [[Christian cross]] in [[Nilakkal]] followed by months long contestation between Hindu groups and Church in the site.<br />
* 15 May - Hindu groups mounts protest against [[K. Karunakaran]] at [[Guruvayur Temple]] on [[Nilakkal|Nilakkal issue]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=2013-07-19 |title=Nilakkal in Kerala set for a Hindu-Christian confrontation |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19830615-nilakkal-in-kerala-set-for-a-hindu-christian-confrontation-770727-2013-07-19 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
* 15 November - The controversial cross removed from [[Nilakkal]] following government allocating a new site for church near [[Angamoozhy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Controversial Kerala church marks 25 years- UCA News |url=https://www.ucanews.com/amp/controversial-kerala-church-marks-25-years/852 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=ucanews.com |language=en}}</ref> <br />
* The [[Government of Kerala]] introduced [[Mugger crocodile]] into [[Neyyar Dam]] to curb illegal tree felling.<br />
== Birth ==<br />
<br />
* 6 February - [[S. Sreesanth]]<br />
<br />
== Deaths ==<br />
* 28 September - [[C. H. Mohammed Koya]], Deputy Chief Minister of Kerala (b.1927)<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[History of Kerala]]<br />
* [[1983 in India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}{{Commons category-inline}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:1980 in India]]<br />
[[Category:Years in Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:1980s in Kerala]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soodhu_Kavvum&diff=536712Soodhu Kavvum2026-04-24T05:10:12Z<p>KatherinDenmark: started entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2013 Indian film by Nalan Kumarasamy}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Soodhu Kavvum.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Nalan Kumarasamy]]<br />
| screenplay = Nalan Kumarasamy<br />
| story = {{plainlist|<br />
*Nalan Kumarasamy<br />
*Shrinivas Kaviinayam<br />
}}<br />
| producer = [[C. V. Kumar]]<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Vijay Sethupathi]]<br />
*[[Sanchita Shetty]]<br />
*[[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]]<br />
*[[Bobby Simha]]<br />
*[[Ramesh Thilak]]<br />
*[[Ashok Selvan]]<br />
}}<br />
| cinematography = Dinesh B. Krishnan<br />
| editing = [[Leo John Paul]]<br />
| music = [[Santhosh Narayanan]]<br />
| studio = [[Thirukumaran Entertainment]]<br />
| distributor = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Studio Green]]<br />
* Studio 9 Productions<br />
* Abi & Abi Pictures<br />
}}<br />
| released = {{film date|2013|05|01|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = 128 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| gross = {{est}} {{INR}}12 [[crore]]<ref name="quality with quantity" /><br />
}}<br />
'''''Soodhu Kavvum''''' ({{translation|Evil Engulfs}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[black comedy]] [[crime film]] directed by [[Nalan Kumarasamy]], who co-wrote the story with Shrinivas Kaviinayam.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sundar |first=Mrinalini |date=17 November 2017 |title=A film that's set entirely inside a store |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-film-thats-set-entirely-inside-a-store/articleshow/61673923.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250920122712/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-film-thats-set-entirely-inside-a-store/articleshow/61673923.cms |archive-date=20 September 2025 |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Produced by [[C. V. Kumar]]'s [[Thirukumaran Entertainment]], the film stars [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Sanchita Shetty]], [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]], [[Bobby Simha]], [[Ramesh Thilak]] and [[Ashok Selvan]]. [[Yog Japee]], [[Aruldoss]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]] and [[Radha Ravi]] play supporting roles. It revolves around a gang who kidnap a politician's son, and the troubles that ensue thereafter.<br />
<br />
''Soodhu Kavvum'' is the directorial debut of Nalan, the feature debut of Ashok and first major role for Ramesh Thilak. Production began in December 2012 and was completed by April 2013. The film featured music composed by [[Santhosh Narayanan]], cinematography handled by Dinesh B. Krishnan and editing by [[Leo John Paul]].<br />
<br />
''Soodhu Kavvum'' was released on 1 May 2013, and became a critical and commercial success. It won the Best Film&nbsp;– Tamil award at the [[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards]] and the Jury Award for Best Film at the [[8th Vijay Awards]], along with two other awards. The film was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Gaddam Gang]]'' (2015) and in [[Urdu]] as the [[Cinema of Pakistan|Pakistani]] film ''[[Chupan Chupai]]'' (2018). A sequel titled ''[[Soodhu Kavvum 2]]'' was released in 2024.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Friends Kesavan, Sekar, and Pagalavan meet Das, a middle-aged man who does low-profile kidnappings for a living, and has an [[imaginary friend|imaginary girlfriend]] Shalu. Since they are unemployed and broke, the trio decides to become his assistants. Das follows five rules of "kednaping", the first of which is to avoid abducting people from political backgrounds.<br />
<br />
One day, the gang kidnaps a boy and successfully extorts ransom from his father, Nambikkai Kannan. Nambikkai's contractor brother has been arrested for attempted bribery by State Minister Gnanodayam, an honest politician. Impressed with Das's kidnapping skills, Nambikkai asks him to kidnap Gnanodayam's son, Arumai Pragasam, as revenge and offers to pay Das up to {{INRConvert|20|m|year=2013}}. Das initially hesitates, but eventually agrees after being convinced by Kesavan, Sekar, and Pagalavan.<br />
<br />
The next day, the gang sets out to kidnap Arumai, however, when they arrive they see him being kidnapped by another group. They snatch Arumai from the other kidnappers and discover that the first kidnapping was [[Fake kidnapping|staged]] by Arumai himself to extort money from his father. Arumai manages to convince Das and his men to collude with him to obtain ransom money from his father. The group demands {{Indian Rupee}}20&nbsp;million from the minister and receives the money.<br />
<br />
An argument over splitting the cash arises between Arumai and Das's gang, during which their van loses control and falls from a bridge. Arumai escapes with all the money, and Das visualises Shalu dying. The minister seeks the assistance of Bramma, a ruthless policeman and [[Encounter killing|encounter]] specialist, to hunt down the kidnappers. Arumai returns home and hides the money in his room. Das devises a plan to kidnap Arumai again to retrieve the money. They accidentally meet Arumai and kidnap him again. Das frees Arumai after making him promise not to tell anything about them to the police. Arumai also promises to return their share of the money. Bramma learns that Arumai staged his own kidnapping and uses this information to threaten Arumai into testifying against Das's gang.<br />
<br />
Arumai [[Perjury|perjures]] that Das's gang did not kidnap him, leading to their acquittal. Enraged, Bramma takes the gang to a remote location, and brutally beats them in a dark room with the aid of [[Night-vision device|night-vision goggles]]. Instead of shooting them with his officially issued gun, he retrieves from his jeep an illegal, homemade gun he had seized from a crook. When he tucks it behind his back in his trousers, the rusty gun misfires into Bramma's buttocks, allowing Das's gang to escape. Gnanodayam breaks into Arumai's room and takes the money bag to Sathyaseelan, the [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], who provided the ransom money. When he opens the bag, Sathyaseelan is shocked to find newspapers instead; Arumai had transferred the cash to another bag and gave Das's gang their share.<br />
<br />
Sathyaseelan calls Arumai to his office and asks him to stand as a candidate in the upcoming [[Elections in Tamil Nadu|general elections]] in lieu of his father, who never brought much income to his party due to his refusal to be corrupt. Sathyaseelan praises Arumai's shrewdness and believes that he can rake in a substantial income of {{INRConvert|3|b|year=2013}} in five years for the party, as a young minister. Arumai wins the elections, becomes [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], immediately gets a ministerial post, and appoints Sekar and Kesavan as his personal advisers, while Pagalavan becomes an actor. Das continues his "kednaping" business with a new band of men. They kidnap a woman who resembles Shalu, later revealed to be Shalini Gupta, a minister's daughter. Thus, Das has broken his first rule of kidnapping again.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Vijay Sethupathi]] as Das<br />
* [[Sanchita Shetty]] as Shalu and Shalini Gupta<br />
* [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] as G. Arumai Pragasam<br />
* [[Bobby Simha]] as Pagalavan<br />
* [[Ramesh Thilak]] as Sekar<br />
* [[Ashok Selvan]] as Kesavan<br />
* [[Yog Japee]] as Inspector K. Bramma<br />
* [[Aruldoss]] as the rowdy doctor<br />
* [[M. S. Bhaskar]] as Gnanodayam<br />
* [[Radha Ravi]] as [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] Sathyaseelan<br />
* Radha as Arumai's mother<br />
* Venkatesh as Assistant police officer to Bramma<br />
* Boys Rajan as [[Commissioner of police|ACP]]C. Manikandan<br />
* Shivakumar as Nambikkai Kannan<br />
* Mippusamy as Das' enemy-turned-new gang member<br />
* Gajaraj as a lawyer<br />
* [[Yogi Babu]] as the rowdy doctor's henchman<br />
* Priyanka as a volleyball player<br />
* [[Anjali Rao (actress)|Anjali Rao]] as Kesavan's colleague<br />
* Noble K. James as Nambikkai Kannan's son<br />
* [[Munishkanth]] as a drug seller<br />
* [[Karthik Subbaraj]] as the [[Jaguar Cars|Jaguar]] car owner (special appearance)<br />
* [[Rahul Thatha|Udayabhanu]] as a homeless man whose veshti Pagalavan and Kesavan use to catch helicopter money (uncredited)<br />
* [[Gana Bala]] in special appearance in the song "Kaasu Panam" (uncredited)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |date=1 April 2013 |title=Will Vijay Sethupathy be third time lucky? |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/Apr/01/will-vijay-sethupathy-be-third-time-lucky-463964.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304153046/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/Apr/01/will-vijay-sethupathy-be-third-time-lucky-463964.html |archive-date=4 March 2025 |access-date=4 March 2025 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
* [[Anthony Daasan]] in special appearance in the song "Kaasu Panam" (uncredited)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shekar |first=Anjana |date=1 March 2018 |title=Move it with Tamil cinema's Marley: Meet 'Sodakku' song fame Anthony Daasan |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/features/move-it-tamil-cinemas-marley-meet-sodakku-song-fame-anthony-daasan-77245 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/hk1J7 |archive-date=4 March 2025 |access-date=4 March 2025 |work=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
=== Development ===<br />
''Soodhu Kavvum'' is the directorial debut of [[Nalan Kumarasamy]], a short-film director who won the title of ''Naalaya Iyakunar'' in the first season.<ref name="NK">{{Cite news |date=5 September 2013 |title=NALAN KUMARASAMY |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/nalan-kumarasamy/article5098143.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304014741/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/nalan-kumarasamy/article5098143.ece |archive-date=4 March 2025 |access-date=4 March 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> The title is derived from an ancient Tamil maxim.<ref name="SK3">{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=1 April 2024 |title=Director SJ Arjun : Soodhu Kavvum 3 will be about the triumph of virtue |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2024/Apr/01/director-sj-arjun-soodhu-kavvum-3-will-be-about-the-triumph-of-virtue |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250907202548/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2024/Apr/01/director-sj-arjun-soodhu-kavvum-3-will-be-about-the-triumph-of-virtue |archive-date=7 September 2025 |access-date=25 February 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Nalan said the film originated when one of his friends saw his short film named ''Enna Nadanthathu Na'' ({{translation|What happened is...}}),<ref name="NK" /> and asked Nalan what would happen if its "wickedest character" became a minister. Nalan then developed a story about how a minister's son, a criminal, himself becomes a minister. The character was the genesis of the script, while the other characters were added as the film progressed; Nalan, described the storyline being driven by the plot over characters, though many felt the film was character driven. Because of his affinity for [[black comedy]] and having watched numerous films in that genre, Nalan set the film in the genre as he felt that "the plot can be quite serious but you can treat it like a comedy" and a familiar genre for him. After writing the script, he narrated it to producer [[C. V. Kumar]] who liked it, resulting in the project being materialised.<ref name="NotPossible">{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=5 June 2013 |title='Soodhu Kavvum was not possible without Vijay Sethupathy' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-nalan-kumarasamy-soodhu-kavvum-was-not-possibl--without-vijay/20130605.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123065412/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-nalan-kumarasamy-soodhu-kavvum-was-not-possibl--without-vijay/20130605.htm |archive-date=23 January 2025 |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Casting ===<br />
Nalan stated that he did not want a stereotypical kidnapper or villain to kidnap the minister's son, resulting in him developing the character of Das, an incompetent kidnapper.<ref name="NotPossible" /> He initially envisioned [[Vadivelu]] in the role, but [[Vijay Sethupathi]] was cast instead.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=5 March 2016 |title='I am not Rajinikanth' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Nalan-Kumarasamy-in-a-chat-about-Kadhalum-Kadanthu-Pogum/article59820548.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410191648/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Nalan-Kumarasamy-in-a-chat-about-Kadhalum-Kadanthu-Pogum/article59820548.ece |archive-date=10 April 2023 |access-date=23 January 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> Because Sethupathi was not as old as the 40-plus character, he put on weight and made his hair look grey, as Nalan did not want him to look like an ideal Tamil film hero.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=4 June 2013 |title=Vijay Sethupathy: Flavour of the season |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-vijay-sethupathy-flavour-of-the-season/20130604.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123063028/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-vijay-sethupathy-flavour-of-the-season/20130604.htm |archive-date=23 January 2025 |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 2013 |title=Vijay as a 40-year-old! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-as-a-40-year-old/articleshow/18686752.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/JHMe1 |archive-date=6 March 2026 |access-date=3 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Nalan said that while he did not intend for the kidnapper to be the central character, it was perceived that way due to Sethupathi's casting. When Nalan showed the script to his friends, they felt it was too "male-centric" and insisted he include a lover for the kidnapper which Nalan resisted, as he felt a romantic angle would spoil the mood of the film. Later, the idea of an [[Imaginary friend|imaginary girlfriend]] came to his mind.<ref name="NotPossible" /> [[Sanchita Shetty]] was cast in the role of Shalu after a successful audition and look test.<ref name="CinemaVikatan26">{{Cite web |date=20 February 2026 |title=``'சூது கவ்வும்' வெளியான போதே பெயரும் புகழும் கிடைச்சிடுச்சு; ஆனா இப்ப.." - சஞ்சிதா ஷெட்டி ஷேரிங்ஸ் |trans-title="I gained name and fame when ''Soodhu Kavvum'' was released; but now.." - Sanchita Shetty's sharings |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/actress-sanchitha-shetty-sharing-about-re-release-of-soodhu-kavvum-movie-memories |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223052515/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/actress-sanchitha-shetty-sharing-about-re-release-of-soodhu-kavvum-movie-memories |archive-date=23 February 2026 |access-date=23 February 2026 |website=[[Cinema Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> Having played mainly rural roles to that point, she hoped the film would change her onscreen image.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2012 |title=Sanchita Shetty in Soodhu Kavvum |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-22/news-interviews/35302012_1_sanchita-shetty-dream-girl-film |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812142152/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-22/news-interviews/35302012_1_sanchita-shetty-dream-girl-film |archive-date=12 August 2013 |access-date=27 November 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Shetty also briefly portrays Shalini Gupta, a non-imaginary character.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=29 August 2020 |title=Female Lead Squared – A look at dual roles played by female actors in Tamil cinema |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/story/photos/slideshows/2020/aug/29/female-lead-squared---a-look-at-dual-roles-played-by-female-actors-in-tamil-cinema-1120.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/mEmDV |archive-date=27 March 2025 |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Nalan initially offered [[Bobby Simha]] to play the Inspector Bramma, but Simha declined as he did not want to be [[Typecasting|typecast]] in antagonistic roles, having already portrayed one in ''[[Neram]]'' (2013); the role went to [[Yog Japee]]. Simha sought to instead portray the character Pagalavan, and although Nalan was unconvinced, agreed after [[Karthik Subbaraj]] persuaded him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MK |first=Surendhar |date=4 August 2014 |title=Interview with Assault Sethu (Bobby Simha) |url=https://www.onlykollywood.com/interview-with-assault-sethu-bobby-simha/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204142054/https://www.onlykollywood.com/interview-with-assault-sethu-bobby-simha/ |archive-date=4 December 2024 |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=Only Kollywood |language=en}}</ref> [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]], who was cast in the role of Arumai Pragasam, stated that C. V. Kumar initially envisioned [[Silambarasan]] in that role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=13 December 2024 |title=Simbu was the first choice for my role in 'Soodhu Kavvum': Karunakaran |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2024/Dec/13/simbu-was-the-first-choice-for-my-role-in-soodhu-kavvum-karunakaran |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117205938/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2024/Dec/13/simbu-was-the-first-choice-for-my-role-in-soodhu-kavvum-karunakaran |archive-date=17 January 2025 |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The name of the character was re-used from Nalan's short film, where Karunakaran played the same role.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramprasad |first=Sinndhuja |date=24 June 2014 |title=Actor Karunakaran Interview : Screen Test |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/actor-karunakaran-interview-screen-test/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241011000655/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/actor-karunakaran-interview-screen-test/ |archive-date=11 October 2024 |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=Silverscreen India |language=en}}</ref> [[Ashok Selvan]] was cast after a successful audition. It is his feature film debut, not counting the use of his photograph in ''[[Billa II]]'' (2012).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |date=18 September 2013 |title=I thought I was not destined for cinema: Ashok Selvan |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2013/Sep/18/i-thought-i-was-not-destined-for-cinema-ashok-selvan-517810.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216154532/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2013/sep/18/I-thought-I-was-not-destined-for-cinema-Ashok-Selvan-517810.html |archive-date=16 December 2023 |access-date=4 March 2025 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The film also features [[Ramesh Thilak]] in his first significant role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=22 May 2023 |title=Ramesh Thilak: Good Night has given me a new identity of sorts |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2023/May/22/ramesh-thilak-good-night-has-given-me-a-new-identity-of-sorts-43743.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304143524/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2023/May/22/ramesh-thilak-good-night-has-given-me-a-new-identity-of-sorts-43743.html |archive-date=4 March 2025 |access-date=4 March 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Child actor Noble K. James was cast after his neighbour, a production executive, recommended him to the team.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 April 2019 |title=Loved 'Super Deluxe'? Meet the film's unsung heroes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meet-raasukutty-gaaji-balaji-and-mutta-puffs-from-super-deluxe/article26721501.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218033659/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meet-raasukutty-gaaji-balaji-and-mutta-puffs-from-super-deluxe/article26721501.ece |archive-date=18 December 2021 |access-date=18 December 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Filming ===<br />
''Soodhu Kavvum'' began filming on 12 December 2012.<ref name="KaiNeelam" /> Karunakaran sustained a knee injury after a stunt sequence, so the "Kaasu Panam" song sequence was shot with him mostly seated, and minimal dancing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |date=12 September 2013 |title='Soodhu kavvum has changed my life' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2013/Sep/12/soodhu-kavvum-has-changed-my-life-516007.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123063639/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2013/Sep/12/soodhu-kavvum-has-changed-my-life-516007.html |archive-date=23 January 2025 |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhavanishankar |first=Jyothsna |title="SHANKAR SIR CONGRATULATED AND SAID HE LIKED MY ACTING", ACTOR KARUNAKARAN |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-actors/kkarunakaran/soodhu-kavvum-fame-karunakarans-interview.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720152835/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-actors/kkarunakaran/soodhu-kavvum-fame-karunakarans-interview.html |archive-date=20 July 2017 |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[Behindwoods]] |language=en}}</ref> The whole film was complete by April 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2013 |title='Soodhu Kavvum' censored U/A without cuts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/soodhu-kavvum-censored-u/a-without-cuts/articleshow/19676822.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304131931/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/soodhu-kavvum-censored-u/a-without-cuts/articleshow/19676822.cms |archive-date=4 March 2025 |access-date=4 March 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Main|Soodhu Kavvum (soundtrack)}}<br />
The soundtrack album and background music were composed by [[Santhosh Narayanan]]. The audio rights were purchased by [[Think Music]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2013 |title=Soodhu Kavvum |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/soodhu-kavvum/asCNpPNo8oM_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821153212/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/soodhu-kavvum/asCNpPNo8oM_ |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=14 December 2023 |website=[[JioSaavn]] |language=en}}</ref> The soundtrack album was released on 27 March 2013 at [[Sathyam Cinemas]], [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 March 2013 |title=Soodhu Kavvum music launch tomorrow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Soodhu-Kavvum-music-launch-tomorrow/articleshow/19213015.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108012745/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Soodhu-Kavvum-music-launch-tomorrow/articleshow/19213015.cms |archive-date=8 November 2019 |access-date=20 October 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2013 |title=Soodhu Kavvum audio launched |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/soodhu-kavvum-audio-launched-news-tamil-nd1oGFdfdjfsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020122530/https://www.sify.com/movies/soodhu-kavvum-audio-launched-news-tamil-nd1oGFdfdjfsi.html |archive-date=20 October 2019 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
''Soodhu Kavvum'' was released on 1 May 2013 ([[May Day]]) alongside ''[[Ethir Neechal (2013 film)|Ethir Neechal]]'' and ''[[Moondru Per Moondru Kadal]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2013 |title=May Day releases! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/may-day-releases-news-tamil-ne4qwlgdehd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501155816/http://www.sify.com/movies/may-day-releases-news-tamil-ne4qwlgdehd.html |archive-date=1 May 2013 |access-date=10 May 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 April 2013 |title=Soodhu Kavvum to hit screens on May 1st! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/soodhu-kavvum-to-hit-screens-on-may-1st/articleshow/19628692.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250904220812/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/soodhu-kavvum-to-hit-screens-on-may-1st/articleshow/19628692.cms |archive-date=4 September 2025 |access-date=3 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> It was distributed by [[Studio Green]] in Tamil Nadu,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |author-link=Sudhish Kamath |date=27 June 2013 |title=A new angle |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-new-angle/article4856538.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916142529/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-new-angle/article4856538.ece |archive-date=16 September 2025 |access-date=22 January 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 February 2013 |title=Studio Green snaps 'Soodhu Kavvuum' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/studio-green-snaps-soodhu-kavvuum/articleshow/18642057.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250905033010/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/studio-green-snaps-soodhu-kavvuum/articleshow/18642057.cms |archive-date=5 September 2025 |access-date=3 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> along with Studio 9 Productions and Abi & Abi Pictures.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 March 2013 |title=Soodhu Kavvum TN rights snapped! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/soodhu-kavvum-tn-rights-snapped/articleshow/19236792.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250905155423/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/soodhu-kavvum-tn-rights-snapped/articleshow/19236792.cms |archive-date=5 September 2025 |access-date=3 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> In 2014, the film was selected for screening in the [[Zurich Film Festival]], being the only Tamil film of 2013 to be screened there.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2014 |title='Soodhu Kavvum' to be Screened at Zurich Film Fest |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2014/Sep/13/soodhu-kavvum-to-be-screened-at-zurich-film-fest-660033.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250905230134/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2014/Sep/13/soodhu-kavvum-to-be-screened-at-zurich-film-fest-660033.html |archive-date=5 September 2025 |access-date=13 November 2024 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref> It was also screened at the [[International Film Festival Rotterdam]] 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evil Engulfs |url=https://iffr.com/en/iffr/2018/films/evil-engulfs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250906124709/https://iffr.com/en/iffr/2018/films/evil-engulfs |archive-date=6 September 2025 |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=[[International Film Festival Rotterdam]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Critical reception ===<br />
''Soodhu Kavvum'' received critical acclaim.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 May 2013 |title=Kollywood&nbsp;– Release Date Reshuffle |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kollywood-release-date-reshuffle-news-tamil-nfjmTHgcegj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729164450/http://www.sify.com/movies/kollywood-release-date-reshuffle-news-tamil-nfjmTHgcegj.html |archive-date=29 July 2013 |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] wrote for ''[[The Hindu]]'', "Nalan Kumarasamy's ''Soodhu Kavvum'' is a demonstration of what's possible when films are made for the sheer joy of making films. There isn't a single calculated moment, something cynically aimed to satisfy this segment of the audience or that one. Everything is organic, the events rooted in a nutty story and sprouting through a brilliant screenplay".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=4 May 2013 |title=Soodhu Kavvum: Crime does pay! |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/soodhu-kavvum-crime-does-pay/article4683453.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507024436/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/soodhu-kavvum-crime-does-pay/article4683453.ece |archive-date=7 May 2013 |access-date=10 May 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> S. Saraswathi from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "''Soodhu Kavvum'' is an engaging film, with ingenious characters and entertaining situations" and called it a "must-watch".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S. |date=3 May 2013 |title=Review: Soodhu Kavvum is a class apart |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-soodhu-kavvum/20130503.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615090524/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-soodhu-kavvum/20130503.htm |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=10 May 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> N Venkateswaran from ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 4 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Nalan Kumarasamy establishes himself as a director to watch out for in this laugh riot of a debut film. Carrying off a dark comedy is no mean task, but Nalan hits the target right in his first attempt. His writing is crisp, the lines are down to earth and funny, the characters well-etched and the screenplay has no dull moments".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkateswaran |first=N |date=4 May 2013 |title=Soodhu Kavvum |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/soodhu-kavvum/movie-review/19877225.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507194622/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/soodhu-kavvum/movie-review/19877225.cms |archive-date=7 May 2013 |access-date=10 May 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Cinema Vikatan]]'' rated the film 45 out of 100.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2013 |title=சூது கவ்வும் |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/40899- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528022507/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/40899- |archive-date=28 May 2025 |access-date=8 March 2025 |website=[[Cinema Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] rated the film 3.5 out of 5 and wrote, "Packed with several funny, outrageous twists, ''Soodhu Kavvum'' (SV) makes for a great one time watch. You can't possibly enjoy the film a second time because most of the plot is closely attached to the twists".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2013 |title='Soodhu Kavvum' an entertaining watch (Tamil Movie Review) |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/soodhu-kavvum-an-entertaining-watch-tamil-movie-review-news-national-nfdmalfaddh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504114508/http://www.sify.com/movies/soodhu-kavvum-an-entertaining-watch-tamil-movie-review-news-national-nfdmalfaddh.html |archive-date=4 May 2013 |access-date=24 February 2026 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
S Viswanath of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote, "Be it performances by the principal players, iced with captivating cinematography, or sparkling dialogues... every ensemble that went into making the movie has fallen beautifully in place to make ''Soodhu Kavvum'' a black, cheeky thriller".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Viswanath |first=S |date=18 May 2013 |title=Review of Soodhu Kavvum: A cheeky thriller |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/333301/review-soodhu-kavvum-cheeky-thriller.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611014746/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/333301/review-soodhu-kavvum-cheeky-thriller.html |archive-date=11 June 2013 |access-date=8 March 2025 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "''Soodhu Kavvum'' works big time due to smart writing and perfect characterisation. Final verdict on ''Soodhu Kavvum'' is that it is a gutsy great film. It is one of the best films to have emerged out of Kollywood in a long, long time".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Soodhu Kavvum |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/soodhu-kavvuum-review-tamil-15027789.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504020105/http://www.sify.com/movies/soodhu-kavvuum-review-tamil-15027789.html |archive-date=4 May 2013 |access-date=10 May 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Malini Mannath from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Engaging screenplay, deft narration, well-etched characters and twists and humour generated at unexpected moments, make ''Soodhu Kavvum'' a wacky jolly fun ride".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=4 May 2013 |title=Soodhu Kavvum (Tamil) |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Soodhu-Kavvum-Tamil/2013/05/04/article1573682.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508004501/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Soodhu-Kavvum-Tamil/2013/05/04/article1573682.ece |archive-date=8 May 2013 |access-date=10 May 2013 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Vivek Ramz from ''[[In.com]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 and wrote, "The film is technically rich even with the budget constraints. Except the poor graphics in the pre-interval scene [...] the film looked neat with some fine shots by Cinematographer Dinesh Krishnan". He also appreciated the writing, cast performances, editing and music.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramz |first=Vivek |date=3 May 2013 |title=Tamil movie review: Soodhu Kavvum is a total laugh riot! |url=http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/tamil-movie-review-soodhu-kavvum-is-a-total-laugh-riot-50210219-in-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622032819/http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/tamil-movie-review-soodhu-kavvum-is-a-total-laugh-riot-50210219-in-1.html |archive-date=22 June 2013 |access-date=10 May 2013 |website=[[In.com]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Box office ===<br />
''Soodhu Kavvum'' grossed {{INRConvert|11.5|l|year=2013}} in Chennai theatres on its first weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2013 |title=Soodhu Kavvum completes 50 days |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-19/news-interviews/40068890_1_dinesh-and-editing-leo-john-paul-soodhu-kavvum |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703045608/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-19/news-interviews/40068890_1_dinesh-and-editing-leo-john-paul-soodhu-kavvum |archive-date=3 July 2013 |access-date=23 August 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> In its opening weekend it grossed {{INRConvert|15.7|l|year=2013}} in the United States which the trade considered disappointing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2013 |title='Soodhu Kavvum', 'Sukumarudu' disappoint in overseas market |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/soodhu-kavvum-sukumarudu-disappoint-in-overseas-market-news-national-nfotujjhghi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307071625/http://www.sify.com/movies/soodhu-kavvum-sukumarudu-disappoint-in-overseas-market-news-national-nfotujjhghi.html |archive-date=7 March 2014 |access-date=28 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> The film had collected {{INRConvert|5.2|c|year=2013}} in two weeks in Tamil Nadu, according to [[Indo-Asian News Service]] (IANS).<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2013 |title='Soodhu Kavvum' , 'Sukumarudu' disappoint in overseas market |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/soodhu-kavvum--sukumarudu-disappoint-in-overseas-market/391776-71-216.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618190914/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/soodhu-kavvum--sukumarudu-disappoint-in-overseas-market/391776-71-216.html |archive-date=18 June 2013 |access-date=28 December 2013 |website=[[IBNLive]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref> In June 2013, IANS reported that it had earned {{INRConvert|12|c|year=2013}} against a budget of under {{INRConvert|5|c|year=2013}}.<ref name="quality with quantity">{{Cite web |last=Pudipeddi |first=Haricharan |date=11 June 2013 |title=(after 12) Tamil cinema trading off quality with quantity? |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/after-12-tamil-cinema-trading-off-quality-with-quantity-news-national-nglmEgfjffe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307044516/http://www.sify.com/movies/after-12-tamil-cinema-trading-off-quality-with-quantity-news-national-nglmEgfjffe.html |archive-date=7 March 2014 |access-date=28 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Accolades ==<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable"<br />
! scope="col" |Event<br />
! scope="col" |Category<br />
! scope="col" |Nominee(s)<br />
! scope="col" |Result<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]<br />
| Best Screenplay<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Nalan Kumarasamy]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2014 |title=ஆனந்த விகடன் விருதுகள் 2013&nbsp;– 1 |trans-title=Ananda Vikatan Awards 2013&nbsp;– 1 |url=http://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2014-jan-08/vikatan-awards-2013/90894.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519152615/http://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2014-jan-08/vikatan-awards-2013/90894.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=19 May 2017 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=Tamil}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ananda Vikatan Awards 2013 Winners |url=http://www.vikatan.com/cinema/vikatanawards//winners-list-2013.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519154858/http://www.vikatan.com/cinema/vikatanawards//winners-list-2013.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=19 May 2017 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Debutant Director<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br />
|Best Film&nbsp;– Tamil<br />
|''Soodhu Kaavum''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="5" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominees |url=http://siima.in/nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909165951/http://siima.in/nominations |archive-date=9 September 2014 |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]] |language=en}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners List |url=http://siima.in/2014/winners.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519165255/http://siima.in/2014/winners.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Debutant Director&nbsp;– Tamil<br />
|[[Nalan Kumarasamy]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Supporting Actor&nbsp;– Tamil<br />
|[[Bobby Simha]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Lyricist&nbsp;– Tamil<br />
|[[Gana Bala]]&nbsp;– ("Kaasu Panam")<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Music Director&nbsp;– Tamil<br />
|[[Santhosh Narayanan]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="14" | [[8th Vijay Awards]]<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
|''Soodhu Kaavum''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="14" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fefmxozuts |title=Vijay Awards 07/20/14 |date=20 July 2014 |last=Vijay Television |author-link=Star Vijay |language=en |access-date=23 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223084924/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fefmxozuts |archive-date=23 February 2025 |url-status=dead |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdW7jsLMvMs |title=Vijay Awards 07/27/14 |date=27 July 2014 |last=Vijay Television |author-link=Star Vijay |language=en |access-date=23 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250131061916/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdW7jsLMvMs |archive-date=31 January 2025 |url-status=dead |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br />
|[[Vijay Sethupathi]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]<br />
|[[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Villain|Best Villain]]<br />
|[[Yog Japee]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br />
|Santhosh Narayanan<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Editor|Best Editor]]<br />
|[[Leo John Paul]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br />
|[[Andrea Jeremiah]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Background Score<br />
|Santhosh Narayanan<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Story, Screenplay Writer|Best Story, Screenplay Writer]]<br />
|Nalan Kumarasamy<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Dialogue<br />
|Nalan Kumarasamy<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Choreographer|Best Choreographer]]<br />
|[[Sherif (choreographer)|Sherif]]&nbsp;– ("Kaasu Panam")<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Debut Director<br />
|Nalan Kumarasamy<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Favourite Song|Favourite Song]]<br />
|"Kaasu Panam"<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Jury Award for Best Film<br />
|''Soodhu Kavvum''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
''Soodhu Kavvum'' attained cult status in Tamil cinema, and Diksha Modi of ''[[News18]]'' credited it with having "altered the tone and grammar of storytelling" of contemporary Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Modi |first=Diksha |date=2026-01-14 |title=A Cult Classic Debut, Back-To-Back Hits In 3 Years: Why This Tamil Director Returned After 9 Years |url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/tamil-cinema/a-cult-classic-debut-back-to-back-hits-in-3-years-why-this-tamil-director-returned-after-9-years-ws-kl-9829691.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115205239/https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/tamil-cinema/a-cult-classic-debut-back-to-back-hits-in-3-years-why-this-tamil-director-returned-after-9-years-ws-kl-9829691.html |archive-date=2026-01-15 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref> Sudhish Kamath picked it as one of five films that had redefined Tamil cinema in 2013, writing, "This film is a joy to watch, full of laughs and unpredictable situations with great wit, dark humour and satire. Writer-director Nalan Kumarasamy, the winner of the first season of ''Nalaya Iyakkunar'', is one of the most exciting filmmakers of our times with his ability to turn a cliché on the head".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |author-link=Sudhish Kamath |date=28 December 2013 |title=A shot at standing out |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-shot-at-standing-out/article5511980.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715223651/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-shot-at-standing-out/article5511980.ece |archive-date=15 July 2023 |access-date=12 December 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> ''Soodhu Kavvum'' was featured in IANS's list of 10 best southern films of 2013, who called it "unarguably the funniest film of the year".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2013 |title='Soodhu Kavvum' to 'Lucia': 10 southern films that wowed audience (2013 In Retrospect) |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/soodhu-kavvum-to-lucia-10-southern-films-that-wowed-audience-2013-in-retrospect-news-national-nmvnaobeigj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307015826/http://www.sify.com/movies/soodhu-kavvum-to-lucia-10-southern-films-that-wowed-audience-2013-in-retrospect-news-national-nmvnaobeigj.html |archive-date=7 March 2014 |access-date=28 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref> ''Sify'' and ''Rediff'' listed it in the year-end top Tamil films lists, too.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Critics' choice- 10 best Tamil films of 2013 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Critics-choice-10-best-Tamil-films-of-2013-imagegallery-0-Kollywood-nm4kRjfdibf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104035356/http://www.sify.com/movies/Critics-choice-10-best-Tamil-films-of-2013-imagegallery-0-Kollywood-nm4kRjfdibf.html |archive-date=4 January 2014 |access-date=25 April 2021 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2013 |title=The Top Tamil Films of 2013 |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-top-tamil-films-of-2013-south/20131230.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201160721/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-top-tamil-films-of-2013-south/20131230.htm |archive-date=1 December 2024 |access-date=12 December 2024 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> The film became a major breakthrough for Sanchita Shetty,<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2013 |title=Keen to do 'Soodhu Kavvum' in other languages: Sanchita |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/keen-to-do-soodhu-kavvum-in-other-languages-sanchita-news-national-nk2purgaihb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307044445/http://www.sify.com/movies/keen-to-do-soodhu-kavvum-in-other-languages-sanchita-news-national-nk2purgaihb.html |archive-date=7 March 2014 |access-date=28 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref> and [[Aruldoss]], who played a gangster doctor, making him a much-sought after actor in Tamil cinema for identical roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sudha |first=K |date=6 September 2018 |title=The in-demand supporting actor Aruldoss |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/Sep/06/the-in-demand-supporting-actor-aruldoss-1868098.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250308170717/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/Sep/06/the-in-demand-supporting-actor-aruldoss-1868098.html |archive-date=8 March 2025 |access-date=8 March 2025 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> ''Soodhu Kavvum'' was re-released in theatres on 20 February 2026.<ref name="CinemaVikatan26" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2026 |title=Now you can watch Vijay Sethupathi’s Soodhu Kavvum in theatres from February 20 |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/now-you-can-watch-vijay-sethupathis-soodhu-kavvum-in-theatres-from-february-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223053422/https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/now-you-can-watch-vijay-sethupathis-soodhu-kavvum-in-theatres-from-february-20 |archive-date=23 February 2026 |access-date=23 February 2026 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Remakes ==<br />
''Soodhu Kavvum'' was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Gaddam Gang]]'' (2015),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Hemanth |date=6 February 2015 |title=Gaddam Gang Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Gaddam-Gang/movie-review/46148386.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209232536/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Gaddam-Gang/movie-review/46148386.cms |archive-date=9 February 2015 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> and in [[Cinema of Pakistan|Pakistan]] in [[Urdu]] as ''[[Chupan Chupai]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jawaid |first=Mohammad Kamran |date=7 January 2018 |title=THE ICON REVIEW: HIDE AND STEAL |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1381382 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608232909/https://www.dawn.com/news/1381382 |archive-date=8 June 2020 |access-date=17 September 2020 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref> In June 2013, [[Rockline Venkatesh]] revealed he had bought the Kannada remake rights, and that October, [[Rohit Shetty]] said he had done so for [[Hindi]]. Neither remake came to fruition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2013 |title='Soodhu Kavvum' to have Kannada remake |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/soodhu-kavvum-to-have-kannada-remake-news-national-ngflkgffdjd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307051532/http://www.sify.com/movies/soodhu-kavvum-to-have-kannada-remake-news-national-ngflkgffdjd.html |archive-date=7 March 2014 |access-date=28 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2013 |title=Rohit Shetty to remake Soodhu Kavvum |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rohit-shetty-to-remake-soodhu-kavvum/articleshow/23976648.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215013214/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rohit-shetty-to-remake-soodhu-kavvum/articleshow/23976648.cms |archive-date=15 December 2024 |access-date=15 December 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Future ==<br />
''Soodhu Kavvum'' was a part of Nalan's planned trilogy termed the "Trilogy of Trick".<ref name="KaiNeelam">{{Cite news |date=5 October 2014 |title='Kai Neelam' will be the second in Nalan's trilogy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kai-neelam-will-be-the-second-in-nalans-trilogy/articleshow/44325053.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006022022/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kai-neelam-will-be-the-second-in-nalans-trilogy/articleshow/44325053.cms |archive-date=2014-10-06 |access-date=3 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> In October 2014, he announced the second instalment of the trilogy titled ''Kai Neelam'', a [[spiritual successor]] to ''Soodhu Kavvum''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 October 2014 |title=Sequel to 'Soodhu Kavvum' in the offing |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/sequel-to-soodhu-kavvum-in-the-offing-114100400140_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130182444/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/sequel-to-soodhu-kavvum-in-the-offing-114100400140_1.html |archive-date=30 November 2014 |access-date=3 March 2025 |work=[[Business Standard]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ஸ்கிரீனன் |date=4 October 2014 |title=தயாராகிறது சூது கவ்வும் இரண்டாம் பாகம் |trans-title=A ''Soodhu Kavvum'' sequel is being developed |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/19003-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250906120057/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/19003-.html |archive-date=6 September 2025 |access-date=3 March 2025 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> Despite its initial announcement, the film did not materialise;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=17 April 2015 |title=Mollywood girl Madonna is Vijay's pair |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Mollywood-girl-Madonna-is-Vijays-pair/articleshow/46945013.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420180319/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Mollywood-girl-Madonna-is-Vijays-pair/articleshow/46945013.cms |archive-date=20 April 2015 |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Nalan attributed this to numerous black comedy films released after the success of ''Soodhu Kavvum'', prompting him to make a film in a different genre, that became ''[[Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haricharan |date=30 January 2016 |title=Dark comedy to romance |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/dark-comedy-to-romance/articleshow/50787485.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610112006/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/dark-comedy-to-romance/articleshow/50787485.cms |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=8 March 2025 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
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A true sequel, titled ''[[Soodhu Kavvum 2]]'', was announced in April 2023 directed by S. J. Arjun, with a largely different cast and crew, and [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]] playing the lead role, while a few cast members from ''Soodhu Kavvum'' returned to the sequel.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2023 |title=Shiva to headline 'Soodhu Kavvum 2'; SJ Arjun to direct |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shiva-to-headline-soodhu-kavvum-2-sj-arjun-to-direct/article66746790.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907114722/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shiva-to-headline-soodhu-kavvum-2-sj-arjun-to-direct/article66746790.ece |archive-date=7 September 2024 |access-date=13 December 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was released on 13 December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Narayani |date=20 November 2024 |title=Soodhu Kavvum 2 gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Nov/20/soodhu-kavvum-2-gets-a-release-date |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127023952/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Nov/20/soodhu-kavvum-2-gets-a-release-date |archive-date=27 November 2024 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=13 December 2024 |title=Soodhu Kavvum 2 movie review: Even Shiva and Karunakaran can't salvage this disappointing disservice to the original |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/soodhu-kavvum-2-movie-review-even-shiva-and-karunakaran-cant-salvage-this-disappointing-disservice-to-the-original-9722918/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223072023/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/soodhu-kavvum-2-movie-review-even-shiva-and-karunakaran-cant-salvage-this-disappointing-disservice-to-the-original-9722918/ |archive-date=23 December 2024 |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Arjun also revealed his plans for a third film in the series.<ref name="SK3" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br />
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[[Category:2010s political comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2010s political satire films]]<br />
[[Category:2013 black comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2013 crime comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2013 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:2013 films]]<br />
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]<br />
[[Category:Films about elections]]<br />
[[Category:Films about kidnapping in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films about police brutality]]<br />
[[Category:Films about road accidents and incidents]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Nalan Kumarasamy]]<br />
[[Category:Films distributed by Studio Green]]<br />
[[Category:Films produced by C. V. Kumar]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Santhosh Narayanan]]<br />
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Nalan Kumarasamy]]<br />
[[Category:Indian black comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian crime comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]<br />
[[Category:Indian political comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language black comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language crime comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language political comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language political satire films]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonya_Christian&diff=536710Sonya Christian2026-04-23T08:52:42Z<p>KatherinDenmark: started a data.</p>
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<div>{{Short description|American mathematician and academic administrator}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| title = 11th Chancellor of the [[California Community Colleges]]<br />
| office2 = 10th President of [[Bakersfield College]]<br />
| term_end2 = 2021<br />
| term_start2 = 2013<br />
| term_start = June 1, 2023<br />
| image = SonyaChristian.jpg<br />
| alt = Sonya Christian<br />
| birth_place = Kerala, India<br />
| alma_mater = [[University of Kerala]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br>[[University of Southern California]] ([[Master of Science|MS]])<br>[[University of California Los Angeles]] ([[Doctor of Education|Ed.D]])<br />
| office1 = Chancellor of the [[Kern Community College District]]<br />
| term_start1 = July 2021<br />
| term_end1 = May 2023<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sonya Christian''' is an [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] academic administrator and former professor who is the current 11th Chancellor of the [[California Community Colleges]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the Chancellor {{!}} California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office |url=https://www.cccco.edu/About-Us/Chancellors-Office/Meet-the-Chancellor |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=California Community Colleges |archive-date=2023-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720182639/https://www.cccco.edu/About-Us/Chancellors-Office/Meet-the-Chancellor |url-status=dead }}</ref> She previously served as the 6th Chancellor of the [[Kern Community College District]] from 2021–2023 and served as the 10th President of [[Bakersfield College]] from 2013–2021.<br />
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== Education and career ==<br />
Christian received a bachelor of science degree from the [[University of Kerala]] in [[Kerala, India]]. She earned her master of science in applied mathematics from the [[University of Southern California]]. She earned her EdD from the [[University of California, Los Angeles]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Meet Chancellor Christian {{!}} Kern Community College District |url=https://www.kccd.edu/chancellors-office/meet-chancellor-christian |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=Kern Community College District |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105045121/https://www.kccd.edu/chancellors-office/meet-chancellor-christian |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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In 1991, she began her career at [[Bakersfield College]] as a mathematics professor. During her 12 years at Bakersfield College, she also served as division chair, then Dean of Science, Engineering, Allied Health, and Mathematics.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BC's new president hired for 'depth and breadth' of experience {{!}} KBAK |url=https://bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/bcs-new-president-hired-for-depth-and-breadth-of-experience |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=bakersfieldnow.com}}</ref><br />
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In 2003, Christian was named Associate Vice President for Instruction at [[Lane College (Oregon)|Lane College]] in [[Eugene, Oregon]]. She later became Vice President of Academic and Student Affairs and Chief Academic Officer.<ref name=":0" /><br />
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She returned to Bakersfield College in 2013 after being named Bakersfield College's 10th president.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Rachel |last=Cook COOK Californian staff writer |title=Bakersfield College hires former faculty member to be 10th president |url=https://www.bakersfield.com/news/bakersfield-college-hires-former-faculty-member-to-be-10th-president/article_3128acec-68a6-5d91-93f2-841cbab73437.html |access-date=2023-01-04 |newspaper=The Bakersfield Californian |language=en}}</ref> During her tenure, she focused her work on student success with equity. In 2015, those efforts were rewarded when Bakersfield College's "Making it Happen" program was named a 2015 Exemplary Program by the Board of Governors of [[California Community Colleges]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bakersfield College's "Making it Happen" Named 2015 Exemplary Program by the Board of Governors of California Community Colleges {{!}} Bakersfield College |url=https://www.bakersfieldcollege.edu/news/2015/0126-bakersfield-college%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Cmaking-it-happen%E2%80%9D-named-2015-exemplary-program-by-the-board-of |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=Bakersfield College |language=en}}</ref> The California Community Colleges honored Bakersfield College with the 2018 Chancellor's Student Success Award for its work with High-Touch, High-Tech Transfer Pathways.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Villemez|first=Alana|date=2018-12-18 |title=Bakersfield College and College of the Desert Honored with Student Success Award |url=https://cccco.news/2018/12/18/bakersfield-college-and-college-of-the-desert-honored-with-student-success-award/ |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=CCCCO News Center |language=en-US}}</ref> That program was also honored in 2019, when Bakersfield College was named a 2019 Innovation of the Year Award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 Innovation of the Year Award Winners {{!}} The League for Innovation in the Community College |url=https://www.league.org/web-page/2019-innovation-year-award-winners |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=League for Innovation in the Community College }}</ref> Also in 2019, Bakersfield College was named as a recipient of the [[Council for Higher Education Accreditation]] International Quality Group's CIQG Quality Award for the college's work in improving student outcomes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Californian |first=The Bakersfield |title=Bakersfield College receives 2019 CIQG Quality Award |url=https://www.bakersfield.com/news/bakersfield-college-receives-2019-ciqg-quality-award/article_c7846834-43a1-11ea-9a46-ef3c90aa6333.html |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=The Bakersfield Californian |date=30 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Christian also served as Chair of the [[Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges]] (2020-2022). She was appointed by the [[Governor of California|Governor]] to the Student Centered Funding Formula Oversight Committee,<ref>{{Cite web |title=SCFFoversightcommittee - Committee Members |url=https://www.scffoversightcommittee.org/committee-members |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=Student Centered Funding Formula Oversight Committee |language=en-US}}</ref> where she served from 2018-2022. She currently serves on the boards for the Campaign for College Opportunity and Equity in Policy Implementation Board, and is the Chair of the California Community College's Women's Caucus.<br />
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On April 19, 2021, the Kern Community College District Board of Trustees announced that Christian would become the district's 10th chancellor, beginning her term in July 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mayer |first=Steven |title=Sonya Christian chosen to serve as sixth chancellor of the Kern Community College District |url=https://www.bakersfield.com/news/sonya-christian-chosen-to-serve-as-sixth-chancellor-of-the-kern-community-college-district/article_a43adb44-a15e-11eb-a66b-679c2b9d7920.html |access-date=2023-01-05 |newspaper=The Bakersfield Californian |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Awards and accolades ==<br />
Christian received the District 6 Pacesetter of the Year Award from the National Council for Marketing & Public Relations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Foreman |first=Lauren |title=THE GRADE: The ins & outs of education in Kern County |url=https://www.bakersfield.com/news/the-grade-the-ins-outs-of-education-in-kern-county/article_b1cde00d-0389-5663-bc78-644c8a9e8adc.html |access-date=2023-01-04 |newspaper=The Bakersfield Californian |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Assemblyman [[Rudy Salas]] nominated Christian as 2016 Woman of the Year for [[California's 32nd congressional district|CA-32.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bakersfield College President Sonya Christian named Woman of the Year {{!}} Bakersfield College |url=https://www.bakersfieldcollege.edu/news/2016/0314-bakersfield-college-president-sonya-christian-named-woman-of-the-year |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=Bakersfield College|language=en}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, the Delano Chamber of Commerce selected Christian as co-recipient of the annual Educational Award, which she shared with Assemblymember Rudy Salas.<br />
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In 2019, Christian was named Woman of the Year by the Kern County Hispanic Chamber of Commerce.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Eyewitness News staff|date=2017-02-16 |title=BC President named woman of the year by Kern County Hispanic Chamber of Commerce |url=https://bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/bc-president-named-woman-of-the-year-by-kern-county-hispanic-chamber-of-commerce |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=[[KBAK-TV]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Christian, Sonya}}<br />
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Indian mathematicians]]<br />
[[Category:University of Kerala alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences alumni]]<br />
[[Category:UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Women educators from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=R._R._Bhatnagar&diff=527710R. R. Bhatnagar2026-04-20T08:55:18Z<p>KatherinDenmark: new - done</p>
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<div>{{short description|Indian police officer}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Rajiv Rai Bhatnagar<br />
| honorific_suffix = [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<br />
| image = Rajeev Rai Bhatnagar, in New Delhi, 2017 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Bhatnagar in 2017<br />
| deputy =<br />
| successor = <br />
| office = Advisor to the [[Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
| predecessor1 = <br />
| prime_minister1 = <br />
| successor1 = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1959|12|30}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Bulandshahr district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
| alma_mater = [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]]<br />
| website = <br />
| awards = <br />
| term_start = January 2020<br />
| term_end = <br />
| title1 = Director General of the [[Central Reserve Police Force]]<br />
| term_start1 = April 2017<br />
| term_end1 = 31 December 2019<br />
| title2 = Director General of the [[Narcotics Control Bureau]]<br />
| term_start2 = February 2016<br />
| term_end2 = April 2017<br />
| education = Master of Science<br>Masters of Philosophy<br>Post Graduate Diploma in Management<br />
| years_active = <br />
| organization = <br />
}}<br />
'''Rajiv Rai Bhatnagar''' (born 30 December 1959) is a retired [[Indian Police Service]]-1983 batch officer of the [[Uttar Pradesh]] cadre. Served in different capacities in the various state and central law enforcement organisations, Bhatnagar received the [[President's Police Medal|President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service]] on 15 August 2007. He served as the [[Director General]] of the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF) in his last tenure of service till his retirement on 31 December 2019. He was appointed an advisor to the [[Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]] [[G. C. Murmu]] by the [[Government of India]] in January 2020.<ref name="News18">{{Cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/ex-crpf-dg-rajiv-rai-bhatnagar-appointed-advisor-to-jk-lt-governor-2446691.html |title=Ex-CRPF DG Rajiv Rai Bhatnagar Appointed Advisor to J&K Lt Governor |date=5 January 2020 |access-date=30 May 2020 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |publisher=[[News18]]}}</ref><br />
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== Personal life ==<br />
Rajiv Rai Bhatnagar was born on 30 December 1959 to K. R. Bhatnagar. He is a native of [[Bulandshahr district]], Uttar Pradesh. He studied [[Master of Science]] at college and later finished [[Master of Philosophy]]. He attended [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]] and studied Post Graduate Diploma in Management over there.<ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |url=https://uppolice.gov.in/en/officerprofile?transid=105&slugName=Deputation |title=Officer Profile – Rajiv Rai Bhatnagar |website=Uppolice.gov.in |publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Police]] |access-date=30 May 2020}}</ref> His wife is a practicing physician in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.amarujala.com/jammu/corona-infected-wife-and-son-of-former-crpf-dg-and-advisor-to-jammu-and-kashmir-deputy-governor |title=CRPF के पूर्व डीजी और जम्मू-कश्मीर के उप राज्यपाल के सलाहकार की पत्नी व बेटा कोरोना संक्रमित |date=25 May 2020 |access-date=3 June 2020 |work=[[Amar Ujala]] |location=New Delhi |language=Hindi}}</ref><br />
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He was sent in the mandatory quarantine period in the last week of May 2020 for coming in contact with his family members, wife and son, who tested positive for [[coronavirus disease 2019]] after returning from [[Delhi]]. He handed over the charge of the departments he oversees as an advisor to Advisor Kewal Kumar Sharma.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/front-page-2/advisor-sharma-to-look-after-bhatnagars-departments/ |work=[[Greater Kashmir]] |date=28 May 2020 |last=Shah |first=Syed Amjad |access-date=31 May 2020 |title=Advisor Sharma to look after Bhatnagar's departments}}</ref><br />
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== Career ==<br />
Bhatnagar joined the Indian Police Service in 1983 and was assigned Uttar Pradesh cadre after the training. He received the President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service on 15 August 2007.<ref name="Profile" /> He was appointed an [[Additional Director General]] in the [[Central Industrial Security Force]] in April 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/additional-directors-general-appointed-for-crpf-cisf-115040700488_1.html |title=Additional directors general appointed for CRPF, CISF |date=7 April 2015 |access-date=30 May 2020 |work=[[Business Standard]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |location=New Delhi}}</ref> He became the Director General of the [[Narcotics Control Bureau]], an-ADG rank at the Central deputation, in February 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/narcotics-control-bureau-gets-regular-chief-after-an-year/articleshow/50821694.cms?from=mdr |title=Narcotics Control Bureau gets regular Chief after an year |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=2 February 2016 |access-date=30 May 2020 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=New Delhi}}</ref> He was appointed the Director General of the CRPF in April 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/crpf-dg-bhatnagar-retires-itbp-chief-given-additional-charge/articleshow/73044762.cms |title=CRPF DG Bhatnagar retires; ITBP chief given additional charge |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=31 December 2019 |access-date=30 May 2020 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=New Delhi}}</ref> He was known for his commanding roles during combating operations related to [[naxalite]] generated violence.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/retired-ips-officer-rajiv-rai-bhatnagar-appointed-advisor-jammu-kashmir-gc-murmu-1-1152083.html |title=JK: गृह मंत्रालय की मंजूरी, राजीव राय उप-राज्यपाल के सलाहकार नियुक्त |location=New Delhi |date=5 January 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=[[Aaj Tak]] |language=Hindi}}</ref> He retired from the Indian Police Service on 31 December 2019 after heading the CRPF for over a span of two and a half years in his last tenure of service. He received ceremonial farewell and reviewed parade in his honour at Central Reserve Police Force Academy, Kadarpur, [[Gurugram]], [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/crpf-dg-bhatnagar-retires-itbp-chief-given-addl-charge-119123100585_1.html |title=CRPF DG Bhatnagar retires; ITBP chief given addl charge |date=31 December 2019 |work=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=31 May 2020 |location=New Delhi |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> The Government of India appointed him an advisor to the Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir G. C. Murmu in January 2020, joining other three advisors [[Farooq Khan]], Baseer Ahmad Khan and Kewal Kumar Sharma.<ref name="TOI2020">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rr-bhatnagar-to-be-third-adviser-to-jammu-and-kashmir-lg-gc-murmu/articleshow/73111964.cms |title=RR Bhatnagar to be third adviser to Jammu |date=5 January 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |agency=Times News Network |work=[[The Times of India]] |last=Jain |first=Bharti |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref name="GAD">{{Cite web |url=https://jkgad.nic.in/leftMenu/AdviserToGovnment.aspx |title=Present Advisors to Lieutenant Governor |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Jkgad.nic.in |publisher=General Administration Department, [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir]]}}</ref> He advises the Lieutenant Governor in the matters related to the Department of Health and Medical Education, the Department of Public Health Engineering and Irrigation and Flood Control, Transport Department, the Department Of Animal and Sheep Husbandry and the Department of Public Works (Roads and Buildings).<ref name="GAD" /> The Lieutenant Governor, by passing an order on 15 January 2020, made Bhatnagar the exclusive authority to decide on matters related to the transfers of officials in [[Jammu and Kashmir Police]] from the rank of [[station house officer]]. This decision attracted objections from the different police officers in the union territory.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lt-governor-gc-murmu-advisor-rr-bhatnagar-power-shift-security-forces-kashmir-1640183-2020-01-25 |title=L-G shifts power centre in Kashmir, creates rift in security ranks |last=Sandhu |first=Kamaljit Kaur |date=25 January 2020 |access-date=3 June 2020 |magazine=[[India Today]] |location=New Delhi}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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He is Currently serving as GST Council Member from Jammu and Kashmir UT, headed by Union Finance Minister.<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhatnagar, R. R.}}<br />
[[Category:1959 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian police chiefs]]<br />
[[Category:People from Bulandshahr]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Advisor to Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ratlam_Rural_Assembly_constituency&diff=529874Ratlam Rural Assembly constituency2026-04-16T04:54:21Z<p>KatherinDenmark: data - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Ratlam Rural<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 219<br />
| map_image = 219-Ratlam Rural.svg<br />
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
| district = [[Ratlam district|Ratlam]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Ratlam Lok Sabha constituency|Ratlam]]<br />
| established = 1977<br />
| reservation = ST<br />
| mla = [[Mathuralal Damar]]<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| preceded_by = Dilip Kumar Makwana<br />
}}<br />
'''Ratlam Rural''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718103411/https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018 |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200210/http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html |archive-date=18 May 2018}}</ref> The constituency is a segment of [[Ratlam (Lok Sabha constituency)]], and it lies in [[Ratlam district]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Election<br />
!Name<br />
!colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<ref name=election1977>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3732-madhya-pradesh-1977/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 September 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref><br />
| Surajmal Jain<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | Shantilal Aggarwal<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<ref name=election1990>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3735-madhya-pradesh-1990/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 September 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref><br />
| rowspan="3" | Motilal Dave<br />
|-<br />
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3738-madhya-pradesh-2003/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref><br />
| Dhul Ji Choudhari<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3739-madhya-pradesh-2008/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref><br />
| Laxmi Devi Kharadi<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br />
| [[Mathuralal Damar]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><br />
|Dilip Kumar Makwana<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name="election2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=26 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref><br />
| [[Mathuralal Damar]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== 2023 ===<br />
{{Election box begin<br />
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ratlam Rural<ref name="election2023"/><br />
}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Mathuralal Damar]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:102968}}<br />
|percentage = 55.83<br />
|change = +6.53<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Laxman Singh Dindor<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:68644}}<br />
|percentage = 37.22<br />
|change = -8.61<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Abhay Ohri<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:8562}}<br />
|percentage = 4.64<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1874}}<br />
|percentage = 1.02<br />
|change = -0.41<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:34324}}<br />
|percentage = 18.61<br />
|change = +15.14<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:184441}}<br />
|percentage = 86.47<br />
|change = +1.04<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2018 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ratlam Rural<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-2">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Dilip Kumar Makwana<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:79806}}<br />
|percentage = 49.3<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Thawarlal Bhuriya<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:74201}}<br />
|percentage = 45.83<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Kaluram Makwana<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2149}}<br />
|percentage = 1.33<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2320}}<br />
|percentage = 1.43<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:5605}}<br />
|percentage = 3.47<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:161893}}<br />
|percentage = 85.43<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
===2013===<br />
* [[Mathuralal Damar]] (BJP) : 77,367 votes<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3740-madhya-pradesh-2013/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref> <br />
* Laxmi Devi Kharadi (INC) : 50,398<br />
<br />
<br />
===1977===<br />
* Surajmal Jain (Janata Party) : 19,738 votes <br />
* Hariram Patidar (Congress) : 12,038<br />
<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Ratlam]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}<br />
{{coords|23.34|75.06|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Ratlam]]<br />
[[Category:Ratlam district]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]<br />
[[Category:1977 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_by-elections&diff=4832872024 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections2026-04-12T04:29:07Z<p>KatherinDenmark: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{For|other elections|2024 elections in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = 2024 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly By-election<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=UP Assembly Bypolls Election Result 2024: Full list of winners constituency wise |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/up-assembly-bypolls-election-result-2024-winners-constituency-wise-2638850-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
| country = India<br />
| type = legislative<br />
| ongoing = no<br />
| previous_election = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
| previous_year = 2022<br />
| next_election = 2027 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election<br />
| next_year = 2027<br />
| election_date = 13 May 2024 (4 seats), 20 November 2024 (9 seats)<br />
| seats_for_election = 13 vacant seats in the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| turnout = 55%<br />
| image_size = 120px<br />
<!--BJP--><br />
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Yogiji in 2023.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=135|oLeft=10|oTop=5}}<br />
| leader1 = [[Yogi Adityanath]]<br />
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance<br />
| leader_since1 = 2017<br />
| leaders_seat1 = [[Gorakhpur Urban Assembly constituency|Gorakhpur Urban]]<br />
| last_election1 = '''7'''<br />
| seats1 = '''9'''<br />
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 2<br />
| popular_vote1 = '''1,268,754'''<br />
| percentage1 = '''49.89%'''<br />
| swing1 = {{increase}} [[Percentage point|pp]]<br />
<!--SP--><br />
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Akhilesh Yadav.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=135|oLeft=10|oTop=8}}<br />
| leader2 = [[Akhilesh Yadav]]<br />
| leader_since2 = 2012<br />
| party2 = Samajwadi Party<br />
| alliance2 = [[Samajwadi Alliance|SP+]]<br />
| leaders_seat2 = -{{efn|Akhilesh Yadav serves as the MP from [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]]}}<br />
| last_election2 = 6<br />
| seats2 = 4<br />
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 2<br />
| popular_vote2 = 900,010<br />
| percentage2 = 35.39%<br />
| swing2 = {{decrease}} [[Percentage point|pp]]<br />
| title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]]<br />
| before_election = [[Yogi Adityanath]]<br />
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
| posttitle = [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]] after election<br />
| after_election = [[Yogi Adityanath]]<br />
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[By-election]]s to thirteen state assembly constituencies were held in [[Uttar Pradesh]] on 13 May 2024 for four seats and on 20 November 2024 for 9 seats. The results were announced on 4 June for 4 seats and 23 November for the rest of the seats. [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]], the ruling party won 8 out of 13 seats and its ally RLD won 1 seat. The Samajwadi Party won four.<ref name="Business Today 2024">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-15 |title=UP Bypolls Election 2024: Check full schedule, polling, nomination, results dates |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/up-bypolls-election-2024-check-full-schedule-polling-nomination-results-dates-450136-2024-10-15 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
The bye elections for [[Dadraul Assembly constituency|Dadraul]], [[Lucknow East Assembly constituency|Lucknow East]] and [[Gainsari Assembly constituency|Gainsari]] were necessitated after their respective mla's died. The bye election in [[Duddhi Assembly constituency|Dudhdhi]] was scheduled after its sitting mla was disqualified. All of these bypolls happened along with the [[2024 Indian general election]]. The bypolls in rest of the constituencies (barring [[Sishamau Assembly constituency|Sishamau]]), happened due to their mla's being elected to the [[Lok Sabha]]. The bye election to these 9 seats happened on 20 November and the results were declared on 23 November.<ref name="Business Today 2024" /><br />
<br />
== Schedule ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Poll event<br />
! colspan="2" | Phase<br />
|-<br />
! style="background: #fdddc9" | I<br />
! style="background: #fdf9c6" | II<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:center" |Notification date<br />
| 18 April<br />
| 22 October<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:center" |Last date for filing nomination<br />
| 25 April 2024<br />
| 29 October 2024<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:center" |Scrutiny of nomination<br />
| 26 April<br />
| 30 October<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:center" |Last date for withdrawal of nomination<br />
| 29 April<br />
| 4 November<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:center" |Date of poll<br />
| '''13 May '''<br />
| '''20 November<ref name="Business Today 2024" />'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:center" |Date of counting of votes<br />
| '''4 June'''<br />
| '''23 November'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:center" |No. of constituencies<br />
| 4<br />
| 9<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Parties and alliances ==<br />
=== National Democratic Alliance ===<br />
<!-- Per [[MOS:NOSECTIONLINKS]]: for technical reasons, section headings should, among other things, not contain links, citations, or template transclusions. --><br />
{{legend2|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|[[National Democratic Alliance]]}}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Flag<br />
! Symbol<br />
! Photo<br />
! Leader<br />
! Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| [[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Lotos flower symbol.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:The Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister, Shri Yogi Adityanath meeting the President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on February 10, 2018 (cropped).jpg|50px]]<br />
| [[Yogi Adityanath]]<br />
| 12<br />
|-<br />
| {{party color cell|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}<br />
| [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]<br />
|<br />
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Hand Pump.png|50px]]<br />
|<br />
| [[Jayant Chaudhary]]<br />
| 1<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance ===<br />
<!-- Per [[MOS:NOSECTIONLINKS]]: for technical reasons, section headings should, among other things, not contain links, citations, or template transclusions. --><br />
{{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]}}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Flag<br />
! Symbol<br />
! Photo<br />
! Leader<br />
! Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
| {{party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| [[Samajwadi Party]]<br />
| [[File:Samajwadi Party.png|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Akhilesh Yadav (cropped).JPG|50px]]<br />
| [[Akhilesh Yadav]]<br />
| 12<br />
|-<br />
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Ajay Rai Varanasi.jpg|50px]]<br />
| [[Ajay Rai]]<br />
| 1<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Others ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Flag<br />
! Symbol<br />
! Photo<br />
! Leader<br />
! Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
| {{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br />
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<br />
| [[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Mayawati.jpg|50px]]<br />
| [[Mayawati]]<br />
| 13<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Results ==<br />
The [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] led alliance secured victory in 9 seats whereas the [[Samajwadi Party]] bagged four seats. Of these the BJP led alliance won 7 out of 9 seats in November bypolls whereas it won 2 out of 4 seats in the earlier bypolls. The SP won 2 seats in both the June and November bypoll. In the June bypoll, SP gained 1 seat but in the recent bypolls the BJP gained 2 seats. Thus, the BJP had a net gain of 1 seat in the election.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=UP Bypoll Results 2024 Updates: Yogi's blockbuster comeback after LS debacle as NDA wins 7 seats; SP wins Karhal, Sishamau |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/up-bypoll-election-results-2024-live-updates-uttar-pradesh-byelection-ghaziabad-katehari-karhal-majhawan-meerapur-kundarki-phulpur-sisamau-454710-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> 2,543,248 people voted in this election.<br />
<br />
== Results by constituency ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! rowspan="2" | Constituency<br />
! colspan="4" | Winner<br />
! colspan="4" | Runner-up<br />
! rowspan="2" | Margin<br />
|-<br />
! Candidate<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Votes<br />
! Candidate<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Votes<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dadraul Assembly constituency|Dadraul]]<br />
| [[Arvind Kumar Singh (Dadraul politician)|Arvind Kumar Singh]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| 105,972<br />
| Avadhesh Kumar Verma<br />
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| 89,177<br />
| 16,795<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lucknow East Assembly constituency|Lucknow East]]<br />
| [[O. P. Srivastava]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| 142,948<br />
| Mukesh Chauhan<br />
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| 89,061<br />
| 53,887<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gainsari Assembly constituency|Gainsari]]<br />
| [[Rakesh Kumar Yadav (politician)|Rakesh Kumar Yadav]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| 87,120<br />
| Shailesh Kumar Singh<br />
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| 77,683<br />
| 9,437<br />
|-<br />
| [[Duddhi Assembly constituency|Duddhi]] (ST)<br />
| [[Vijay Singh Gond]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| 82,787<br />
| Saravan Kumar<br />
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| 79,579<br />
| 3,208<br />
|-<br />
| [[Meerapur Assembly constituency|Meerapur]]<br />
| [[Mithlesh Pal]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}<br />
| 84,304<br />
| Sumbul Rana<br />
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| 53,508<br />
| 30,796<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kundarki Assembly constituency|Kundarki]]<br />
| [[Thakur Ramveer Singh|Ramveer Singh]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| 1,70,371<br />
| [[Mohammad Rizwan (politician)|Mohammad Rizwan]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| 25,580<br />
| 144,791<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ghaziabad Assembly constituency|Ghaziabad]]<br />
| [[Sanjeev Sharma (politician)|Sanjeev Sharma]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| 96,946<br />
| Singh Raj Jatav<br />
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| 27,595<br />
| 96,946<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khair Assembly constituency|Khair]] (SC)<br />
| [[Surender Diler]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| 100,181<br />
| Charu Kain<br />
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| 61,788<br />
| 38,393<br />
|-<br />
| [[Karhal Assembly constituency|Karhal]]<br />
| [[Tej Pratap Singh Yadav]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| 104,304<br />
| Anujesh Pratap Singh<br />
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| 89,503<br />
| 14,801<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sishamau Assembly constituency|Sishamau]]<br />
| [[Naseem Solanki]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| 69,714<br />
| Suresh Awasthi<br />
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| 61,150<br />
| 8,564<br />
|-<br />
| [[Phulpur Assembly constituency|Phulpur]]<br />
| [[Deepak Patel]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| 78,289<br />
| Mohammad Mujtaba Siddiqui<br />
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| 66,984<br />
| 11,305<br />
|-<br />
| [[Katehari Assembly constituency|Katehari]]<br />
| [[Dharmraj Nishad]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| 104,091<br />
| Shobhawati Verma<br />
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| 69,577<br />
| 34,514<br />
|-<br />
| [[Majhawan Assembly constituency|Majhawan]]<br />
| [[Suchismita Maurya]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| 77,737<br />
| Jyoti Bind<br />
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| 72,815<br />
| 4,922<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Uttar Pradesh ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! Date<br />
! colspan="2" | Constituency<br />
! colspan="3" | Previous MLA<br />
! Reason<br />
! colspan="3" | Elected MLA<br />
|-<br />
| 13 May 2024<br />
! 136<br />
| [[Dadraul Assembly constituency|Dadraul]]<br />
| Manvendra Singh<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
| Died on 5 January 2024<ref>{{Cite web|title=UP BJP MLA Manvendra Singh dies after prolonged liver problem|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/uttar-pradesh/up-bjp-mla-manvendra-singh-dies-after-prolonged-liver-problem-2836767|access-date=5 January 2024|work=Deccan Herald}}</ref><br />
| [[Arvind Kumar Singh (Dadraul politician)|Arvind Kumar Singh]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| 20 May 2024<br />
! 173<br />
| [[Lucknow East Assembly constituency|Lucknow East]]<br />
| [[Ashutosh Tandon]]<br />
| Died on 9 November 2023<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-11-10|title=3-term BJP MLA from Lucknow East Ashutosh Tandon passes away at 63|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/3-term-bjp-mla-from-lucknow-east-ashutosh-tandon-passes-away-at-63-9020973/|access-date=2023-12-16|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><br />
| [[O. P. Srivastava]]<br />
|-<br />
| 25 May 2024<br />
! 292<br />
| [[Gainsari Assembly constituency|Gainsari]]<br />
| [[Shiv Pratap Yadav]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| Died on 28 January 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title=Samajwadi Party sitting MLA Shiv Pratap Yadav passes away; CM Yogi, Akhilesh express condolences |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/uttar-pradesh/samajwadi-party-sitting-mla-dr-shiv-pratap-yadav-passes-away-in-gurugram-hospital-gainsari-assembly-constituency-legislator-last-rites-condolences-2024-01-26-913824 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
| [[Rakesh Kumar Yadav (politician)|Rakesh Kumar Yadav]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1 June 2024<br />
! 403<br />
| [[Duddhi Assembly constituency|Duddhi]] (ST)<br />
| Ramdular Gaur<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| Disqualified on 15 December 2023<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-15|title=BJP MLA found guilty of raping minor girl, gets 25 years imprisonment|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/uttar-pradesh-bjp-mla-ramdular-gaur-found-guilty-of-raping-minor-girl-gets-25-years-imprisonment-11702642425905.html|access-date=2023-12-16|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><br />
| [[Vijay Singh Gond]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=9 | 20 November 2024<br />
! 16<br />
| [[Meerapur Assembly constituency|Meerapur]]<br />
| [[Chandan Chauhan]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}<br />
| rowspan=5 | Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024<br />
| [[Mithlesh Pal]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal }}<br />
|-<br />
! 29<br />
| [[Kundarki Assembly constituency|Kundarki]]<br />
| [[Ziaur Rahman Barq]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| [[Thakur Ramveer Singh|Ramveer Singh]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
! 56<br />
| [[Ghaziabad Assembly constituency|Ghaziabad]]<br />
| [[Atul Garg]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
| [[Sanjeev Sharma (politician)|Sanjeev Sharma]]<br />
|-<br />
! 71<br />
| [[Khair Assembly constituency|Khair]] (SC)<br />
| [[Anoop Pradhan]]<br />
| [[Surender Diler]]<br />
|-<br />
! 110<br />
| [[Karhal Assembly constituency|Karhal]]<br />
| [[Akhilesh Yadav]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
| [[Tej Pratap Singh Yadav]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
! 213<br />
| [[Sishamau (Assembly constituency)|Sishamau]]<br />
| [[Haji Irfan Solanki]]<br />
| Disqualified on 7 June 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-07 |title=Sitting SP MLA Irfan Solanki gets 7 years RI, stands disqualified from UP assembly |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Jun/07/sitting-sp-mla-irfan-solanki-gets-7-years-ri-stands-disqualified-from-up-assembly |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
| [[Naseem Solanki]]<br />
|-<br />
! 256<br />
| [[Phulpur Assembly constituency|Phulpur]]<br />
| [[Praveen Patel]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| rowspan=5 | Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024<br />
| [[Deepak Patel]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party | rowspan = 3}}<br />
|-<br />
! 277<br />
| [[Katehari Assembly constituency|Katehari]]<br />
| [[Lalji Verma]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
| [[Dharmraj Nishad]]<br />
|-<br />
! 397<br />
| [[Majhawan Assembly constituency|Majhawan]]<br />
| [[Vinod Kumar Bind]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|NISHAD Party}}<br />
| [[Suchismita Maurya]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2024 in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:2024 State Assembly elections in India]]<br />
[[Category:By-elections in India|2024]]<br />
[[Category:November 2024 in India]]<br />
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Uttar Pradesh]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raju_Awale&diff=528803Raju Awale2026-04-11T20:39:37Z<p>KatherinDenmark: created - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Raju Awale<br />
| native_name =<br />
| image = <br />
| office = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start = 2019<br />
| term_end = 2024<br />
| predecessor = [[Sujit Minchekar]]<br />
| successor = [[Ashokrao Mane]]<br />
| office1 = <br />
| prime_minister1 = <br />
| predecessor1 = <br />
| successor1 = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1974|06|26}}<br />
| birth_place = Ichalkaranji<br />
| occupation = [[Politician]]<br />
| parents = [[Jaywantrao Awale]] (father)<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| constituency1 = [[Hatkanangale Assembly constituency]]<br />
| profession = <br />
| spouse = <br />
| sibling = <br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Raju Jaywantrao Awale''' is a leader of [[Indian National Congress]] and a member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] elected from [[Hatkanangale Assembly constituency]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Hatkanangle Election Results 2019 Live Updates (हातकणंगले): Awale Raju Baba Jaywantrao of Congress Wins|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/hatkanangle-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2359519.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026161454/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/hatkanangle-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2359519.html |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[News18 India]] |language=English <br />
}}</ref> in [[Ichalkaranji]], [[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]] city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2022 |title=Raju Jaywantrao Awale(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency HATKANANGLE (SC) (KOLHAPUR)|url=https://myneta.info/maharashtra2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=10125 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026162832/https://myneta.info/maharashtra2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=10125 |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[Association for Democratic Reforms|Myneta.Info]]|language=English <br />
}}</ref> He lost in 2024 Assembly Elections.<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Hatkanangle">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |date=23 November 2024 |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Hatkanangle |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13278.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125084221/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13278.htm |archive-date=25 November 2024 |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="Third front draws a blank, netas say swept away by ‘Ladki Bahin’">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |title=Third front draws a blank, netas say swept away by 'Ladki Bahin' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/third-front-fails-to-make-an-impact-as-ladki-bahin-scheme-dominates-elections/articleshow/115609333.cms |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125084838/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/third-front-fails-to-make-an-impact-as-ladki-bahin-scheme-dominates-elections/articleshow/115609333.cms |archive-date=25 November 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Positions held==<br />
* 2019: Elected to [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=राज्यातील विजयी उमेदवारांची यादी येथे पाहा|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/vidhan-sabha-nivadnuk-list-of-winning-candidates-in-the-state/articleshow/71749478.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026162142/https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/vidhan-sabha-nivadnuk-list-of-winning-candidates-in-the-state/amp_articleshow/71749478.cms |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website= [[Maharashtra Times]] |language=Marathi <br />
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=Maharashtra Election 2019 Winners Full List: Check full list of winning candidates in Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha Chunav 2019 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-election-2019-winners-full-list/1744244/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026205732/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-election-2019-winners-full-list/1744244/ |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=English <br />
}}</ref><br />
*Vice-chairman: Kolhapur District Central Cooperative Bank (KDCC).<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=NCP's Mushrif unanimously elected chairman of KDCC bank|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/ncps-mushrif-unanimously-elected-chairman-of-kdcc-bank/articleshow/89028091.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026163833/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/ncps-mushrif-unanimously-elected-chairman-of-kdcc-bank/articleshow/89028091.cms |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website= [[The Times of India]] |language=English <br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Awale, Raju}}<br />
[[Category:1974 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Kolhapur]]<br />
[[Category:Jan Surajya Shakti politicians]]<br />
<br />
{{Maharashtra-INC-politician-stub}}</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Nehaluddin&diff=518122Mohammad Nehaluddin2026-04-11T04:29:48Z<p>KatherinDenmark: New entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Mohammad Nehaluddin<br />
| office = Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly<br />
| constituency = [[Rafiganj]]<br />
| predecessor = Ashok Kumar Singh<br />
| term_start = 16 November 2020<br />
| parents = Mohammad Kamaluddin<br />
| party = Rashtriya Janta Dal<br />
| birth_date = 3 February 1952<br />
| image = <br />
| office2 = Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly<br />
| term_start1 = February 2005<br />
| term_end1 = November 2010<br />
| constituency1 = [[Rafiganj]]<br />
| office1 = Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly<br />
| term_end = 2025<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mohammad Nehaluddin''' is a [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|Rashtriya Janta Dal]] senior leader and Bihar Legislative Assembly Member from [[Rafiganj Assembly constituency|Rafiganj Assembly Constituency]]. He won in [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020 Bihar Assembly Election]] on RJD ticket. He is a three-term MLA from the Rafiganj constituency. He defeated Independent candidate by 11 thousand votes and two term incumbent JD(U) MLA Asok Kumar Singh came a distant third.<ref>{{Cite web |title=औरंगाबाद: रफीगंज विधानसभा सीट से राजद प्रत्याशी मोहम्मद नेहालउद्दीन की जीत |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/bihar/state/bihar-aurangabad/rjd-candidate-mohammad-nehaluddin-wins-from-rafiganj-assembly-seat-in-aurangabad/bh20201110224712970 |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=ETV Bharat News|date=10 November 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohammad Nehaluddin(RJD):Constituency- RAFIGANJ(AURANGABAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=9925 |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Sameer |date=2020-11-11 |title=Bihar election results: 19 Muslim candidates emerge victorious; AIMIM wins 5 seats |url=https://www.siasat.com/bihar-election-results-19-muslim-candidates-emerge-victorious-aimim-wins-5-seats-2020313/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="RJD drops nearly half its sitting MLAs in Magadh division">{{cite news |title=RJD drops nearly half its sitting MLAs in Magadh division|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/rjd-drops-nearly-half-its-sitting-mlas-in-magadh-division/articleshow/124720924.cms|accessdate=27 November 2025|work=|publisher=The Times of India|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251130083507/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/rjd-drops-nearly-half-its-sitting-mlas-in-magadh-division/articleshow/124720924.cms|archivedate=30 November 2025|date=21 October 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
He had won MLA seat in February 2005 and November [[Bihar Assembly Election, Oct 2005|2005 Bihar Assembly Election]]. He lost in [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010 Bihar Assembly Elections]] to JD(U) candidate Ashok Kumar Singh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Ashok Kumar Singh winner in Rafiganj, Bihar Assembly Elections 2010: LIVE Results & Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results & Live Election Updates |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/2010/rafiganj/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Md. Nehaluddin winner in Rafiganj, Bihar Assembly Elections 2005: LIVE Results & Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results & Live Election Updates |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/2005/rafiganj/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2010 |first=Abdul |last=Qadir |title=Family prestige banks on political conquest |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/family-prestige-banks-on-political-conquest/articleshow/6950584.cms |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Mohammad Nehaluddin was denied ticket in 2015 due to [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagatbandhan]] formation in Bihar by RJD, JD(U) and Indian National Congress. Rafiganj was given to JD(U) in seat sharing formula due to incumbent JD(U) MLA in 2015 Ashok Kumar Singh.<br />
<br />
While campaigning for 2010 Bihar Assembly Elections in Rafiganj, he was kidnapped by Naxals in Madanpur block of Lalteinganj. Later, he was released with a warning to not campaign in the area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naxals set free kidnapped RJD MLA with a warning |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/naxals-set-free-kidnapped-rjd-mla-with-a-warning-435296 |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Mohammad Nehaluddin was born in 1952 in Chatarghat Village of Gaya district. He is the eldest child of Mohammad Kamaluddin. He is educated till matriculation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/eyJpdiI6IkRqXC9seHN0RFVJVWRqOVJ3dzg2MHJnPT0iLCJ2YWx1ZSI6IkI4cGE5STBFRzZ5YlVGUEZLQlVUNEE9PSIsIm1hYyI6IjFkZmZjYTAzMTQ3ZDU4ZTE4Y2I3NjYwYjA4YzE0ZGQzY2VmNTM5MjFjOTQ2Yzc0ZGRjNDEzM2Q3MDkyMjBhYTYifQ==/MTM=/OQ==/Mw==/QUM= |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=affidavit.eci.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
He started his political career as Mukhiya from his village then he served as the Bihar Sunni Waqf Board Chairman during [[Rabri Devi]]'s government before becoming an MLA in 2005 from Rafiganj.{{fact|date=August 2024}}<br />
<br />
== Controversies ==<br />
<br />
He made an objectionable statement in the wake of riots in Bihar's Sasaram district during Ramnavami Processions. The lawmaker said that Muslims were making bombs in 'self-defence'.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bhandari |first1=Shashwat |last2=News |first2=India TV |date=2023-04-03 |title=Sasaram violence: Muslims were making bombs in self-defence, RJD MLA's 'absurd' remark |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/bihar/news-sasaram-violence-muslims-were-making-bombs-in-self-defence-rjd-mla-mohammad-nehaluddin-bihar-ram-navami-riots-latest-news-2023-04-03-860102 |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> Later, he backtracked, claiming that his comments were twisted by the media, and that making bombs can never be justified as it is wrong.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Roushan |first1=Anurag |last2=News |first2=India TV |date=2023-04-05 |title='Making bombs can never be...': Bihar RJD leader takes U-turn after making 'bizarre' remarks amid violence |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/bihar/news-bihar-rjd-mla-mohammad-nehaluddin-takes-u-turn-after-making-bizarre-remarks-amid-sasaram-violence-muslims-making-bombs-statement-2023-04-05-860600 |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nehaluddin, Mohammad}}<br />
[[Category:1952 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]<br />
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2005–2010]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethel_Grimwood&diff=498679Ethel Grimwood2026-04-06T10:39:15Z<p>KatherinDenmark: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|British businesswoman and writer}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Ethel Grimwood<br />
| image = Ethel Grimwood in 1892.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = Ethel Moore<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1867|10|04|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mathura]], British India<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1928|08|11|1867|10|04|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Portland, Oregon]]<br />
| death_cause = <br />
| other_names = Evelyn Miller<br />
| known_for = "Heroine of Manipur"<br />
| education = private<br />
| employer = <br />
| occupation = diplomat's wife, businessperson and writer<br />
| spouse = {{Marriage|Frank Grimwood|1871|11 March 1891|died}}, {{Marriage|Andrew Cornwall Miller|1895}}<br />
| partner = <br />
| children = <br />
| parents = <br />
| relatives = <br />
| signature = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ethel St Clair Grimwood,''' born '''Ethel Moore''', became '''Ethel (Evelyn) Miller''' (4 October 1867 – 11 August 1928) was a [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] woman who became known as "the heroine of [[Manipur]]". During the [[Anglo-Manipur War]] of 1891, British power was used to undo a [[coup d'état]] within the ruling royal family. Ethel's husband, '''Frank Grimwood''' was the British representative in Manipur and the Grimwoods were on good terms with the new rulers. However, the coup was illegal, and if the British authorities had allowed the overthrow of one of their allies without protest it was feared that further challenges to their allies throughout the region might occur. Consequently, Lord Landsdowne, the Viceroy of India, against the advice of Frank Grimwood, decided to despatch a small military mission, under the command of a Commissioner Quinton, for the purpose of arresting Tikendrajit Singh, the key instigator of the coup. After the arrival of the mission at the British Residency in Manipur, Tikendrajit was summoned to the residency, where he initially presented himself, but after he was kept waiting he returned to the palace and subsequently, feigning illness, refused any requests to meet with the British. Unable to get Tikendrajit to submit to their requests, Quinton decided to use a small group of soldiers to infiltrate the palace and seize Tikendrajit. However, this attempt failed when Manipuri soldiers were alerted to their presence and fighting broke out. The following day the British attempted to negotiate an end to hostilities by sending a party of officers including Quinton and Grimwood into the palace. These officers were murdered while under the protection of Tikendrajit, and Manipuri forces renewed their attack upon the British residency. Realising their precarious position the surviving officers abandoned the Residency and lead a retreat back to British-held territory, accompanied by Ethel. Although distraught at the loss of her husband, Ethel showed great strength of character and was instrumental in guiding the retreating party as she was the only person familiar with the terrain. She was lionised in the British press for the role she had played, and she was awarded a medal, £1,000 and a pension. She mismanaged this money, married again, and died poor in [[Portland, Oregon]].<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Grimwood was born in [[Mathura]] in 1867. Her first language was said to be [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]. Her mother was Margaret Emma Boisragon (born Gerrard) who in 1864 had left her husband Major-General Theodore Boisragon, CB, A. M. to live with Charles William Moore, a judge in Bengal.<ref name=grim/> The subsequent divorce was a scandal at the time. Ethel Moore was left with an elder half-brother [[Alan Maxwell Boisragon]] in addition to younger sisters. She and her sisters were educated at Hove in England by Mary Ann Moulson. She married Frank St Clair Grimwood in 1887. He had been accepted at the bar in London before he accepted a position in the [[Indian civil service]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}<br />
<br />
== Political life ==<br />
In 1890 Frank Grimwood became the political agent in [[Imphal]] in Manipur on the British Empire’s north-west border. He lived there with Ethel Grimwood and they were friendly with the local rulers, notably the ruler's eight sons and especially [[Tikendrajit]].<ref name=grim>{{Cite ODNB|title=Grimwood [née Moore; other married name Miller], Ethel Brabazon [pseud. Ethel St Clair Grimwood] (1867–1928), the heroine of Manipur|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-101006|access-date=2020-10-11|year=2010|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/101006|last1=Reynolds|first1=K. D.}}</ref> He was their best friend there, he played polo with her husband and because he could speak [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] they could have a conversation. Neither Ethel nor her husband could speak the local language although Frank persevered with lessons.<ref name=mythree/> On 21 September 1890, prince [[Kulachandra Singh]] led his brothers in a revolt against reigning Maharaja Surchandra who had taken power after Maharajah Chandrakirti died. However Surchandra appealed to the [[Viceroy of India]], [[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|Lord Lansdowne]], who dispatched 400 [[Gurkha]]s under the inexperienced [[James Wallace Quinton]] to arrest the conspirators.<ref>{{Cite ODNB|title=Quinton, James Wallace (1834–1891), administrator in India|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-22968|access-date=2020-10-11|year=2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/22968|last1=Prior|first1=Katherine}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 22 March 1891, Quinton reached [[Imphal]], where his request for the surrender of [[Tikendrajit]] and the abdication of Maharajah Kulachandra, was declined. The following night, the British decided to attack the fort where Tikendrajit was residing, but soon realized they were outmatched; eventually, they were surrounded by Manipuri troops. Quinton then held talks with Kulachandra, but Frank Grimwood was speared to death.<ref name=grim/> Quinton was detained and beheaded along with other British officers on 24 March 1891.<ref name="archives">{{cite web |author= |date=19 January 2012 |title=The Anglo Manipur War 1891 and its consequences |url=http://archivesmanipur.nic.in/whoswho.htm |url-status=dead |accessdate=12 October 2020 |work=Manipur State Archives |archive-date=19 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119094649/http://archivesmanipur.nic.in/whoswho.htm }}</ref> The British who were besieged in the residency were led by two junior officers into a disorganised retreat.<ref name=grim/><br />
<br />
On 27/28 March 1891, Colonel [[Charles James William Grant]] led a punitive force from [[Tamu, Burma]] to assist. Grant was awarded the [[Victoria Cross]].<ref name=Gazi>{{London Gazette|issue=26192|page=4370|date=14 August 1891}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 13 August, after a trial, Jubraj Tikendrajit and General Thangal were publicly hanged on the polo field. Three others would later be hanged in the prison.<ref name=archives/><br />
<br />
On 22 September 1891 the five-year-old [[Meidingngu Churachand]] became the new nominal head of the state of Manipur.<br />
<br />
Ethel had been the only woman in the retreat from the residency. She returned to England and she was lionised as a heroine of the "[[Anglo-Manipur War|Manipur Disaster]]". [[Queen Victoria]] sought her advice as she thought using capital punishment on a prince might make the British appear treacherous. The queen wanted to give the [[Victoria Cross]] or the [[Order of the Crown of India|Crown of India]] to Grimwood but she was persuaded to use a lesser award.<ref name=p249/> Grimwood received a [[Royal Red Cross|Red Cross Medal]] even though the medal was for nursing and Grimwood was not a nurse. Grimwood assured the Queen that she did not hold Tikendrajit responsible for her husband's death, but she felt that he had committed other crimes.<ref name=p249>{{Cite book|last=Taylor|first=Miles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=radvDwAAQBAJ&q=ethel+grimwood&pg=PA250|title=Empress: Queen Victoria and India|date=2018-10-02|page=249|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-11809-4|language=en}}</ref> Grimwood was given £1,000 in addition to a collection and money to cover her losses during the fighting. As a widow she was given a pension of £140 per year. She wrote her biography, ''"My Three Years in Manipur and Escape from the Recent Mutiny"'', by November<ref name=mythree>{{Cite web|title=My Three Years in Manipur and Escape from the Recent Mutiny.|url=https://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/grimwood/manipur/manipur.html|access-date=2020-10-12|website=digital.library.upenn.edu}}</ref> which sold well. It is unclear now as to her actual contribution, but a hero was required and Ethel became that hero.<ref name=grim/><br />
<br />
== Later life ==<br />
Ethel went on to marry again in 1895. Her new husband Andrew Cornwall Miller owned a paper mill in Surrey but by 1899 he had emigrated to America. He returned in 1903 when she was in court trying to recover money she had invested in a business with Madame Hugh Barry. She appears to have mortgaged her pension to invest in the business venture which failed. She and her husband went to [[Clackamas County, Oregon|Clackamas]] in Oregon but her husband returned to the UK without her.<ref name="grim" /><br />
<br />
Grimwood died in [[Portland, Oregon]], having changed her name to Evelyn.<ref name=grim/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grimwood, Ethel}}<br />
[[Category:1867 births]]<br />
[[Category:1928 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from Mathura]]<br />
[[Category:British people in British India]]<br />
[[Category:British emigrants to the United States]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century British women]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mannanthala&diff=459768Mannanthala2026-03-28T09:43:12Z<p>KatherinDenmark: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Mannanthala<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = town<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Kerala<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|8|33|53|N|76|56|37|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = <br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 695015<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 0471<br />
| registration_plate = KL 22(Ulloor Zone), KL 01 (kudappanakkunnu Zone)<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = Thiruvananthapuram<br />
| website = www<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mannanthala''' is a suburb of [[Thiruvananthapuram]], the capital of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<br />
<br />
It is located on the [[Main Central Road]], after [[Nalanchira]], in the direction of [[Kottayam]].<ref>http://wikimapia.org/10748791/Mannanthala {{User-generated source|date=May 2022}}</ref> [[Keraladithyapuram]] is about {{convert|1|km|mi}} away from Mannanthala. It is connected to the city by buses run by [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation]] from the [[Thampanoor]] and [[East Fort]] bus depots. The nearest airport is [[Trivandrum Airport|Thiruvananthapuram International Airport]].<br />
<br />
Prominent institutions and places of interest include:<br />
* [[Mannanthala Anandavaleeswaram Temple]]<br />
*St Thomas School, Mukkolakkal <br />
* Government Press Mannanthala <br />
* Vayambachira Pond<br />
* Government High School<br />
*Mannanthala Mukkolakkal Mahaganapathy Temple<br />
* St.Rita's Malankara Catholic Church, Aruviyode<br />
* Melamcodu Devi Temple<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.india9.com/i9show/Mannanthala-71277.htm About Mannanthala]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Suburbs of Thiruvananthapuram]]<br />
<br />
{{thiruvananthapuram-geo-stub}}</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India%E2%80%93Sierra_Leone_relations&diff=464693India–Sierra Leone relations2026-03-26T07:17:12Z<p>KatherinDenmark: fixed issues</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox bilateral relations<br />
| title = India–Sierra Leone relations<br />
| party1 = India<br />
| party2 = Sierra Leone<br />
| map = India Sierra Leone Locator.png<br />
| filetype = png<br />
| size = <br />
| mission1 = [[High Commission of India, Freetown]]<br />
| mission2 = Sierra Leonean Embassy, [[Abu Dhabi]]<br />
| envoytitle1 = High Commissioner<br />
| envoy1 = Rakesh Kumar Arora<ref>{{cite web |title=High Commissioner |url=https://www.hcifreetown.gov.in/page/amb-profile/ |website=High Commission of India, Freetown |access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref><br />
| envoytitle2 = Ambassador to the UAE<br />
| envoy2 = Rashid Sesay<br />
}}<br />
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the President of Sierra Leone, Mr. Ernest Bai Koroma, in New Delhi on October 30, 2015.jpg|thumb|Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] meeting Sierra Leonean President [[Ernest Bai Koroma]] in [[New Delhi]]; October 2015.]]<br />
'''India–Sierra Leone relations''' refers to the international relations that exist between [[India]] and [[Sierra Leone]]. India maintains a High Commission in [[Freetown]]. Sierra Leone does not have a resident diplomatic mission in India. The Sierra Leonean embassy in [[Abu Dhabi]], [[United Arab Emirates]] is accredited to India.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
India opened an Honorary Consulate General in Freetown in 1993, functioning under the jurisdiction of the High Commission of India in [[Accra]], Ghana.<ref name="HCIrelations">{{cite web |title=India - Sierra Leone Bilateral Relations |url=http://www.indiahc-ghana.com/pages.php?id=67 |website=High Commission of India, Accra |access-date=9 April 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425132427/http://www.indiahc-ghana.com/pages.php?id=67 |archive-date=25 April 2017 |date=December 2016}}</ref> In July 2019, Finance Minister [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] announced that India would open embassies in 18 African countries, including Sierra Leone.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chaudhury |first1=Dipanjan Roy |title=Budget 2019: India to open 18 new diplomatic missions across Africa |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/budget-2019-india-to-open-18-new-diplomatic-missions-across-africa/articleshow/70093835.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=5 July 2019 |access-date=3 October 2021}}</ref> The High Commission of India in Freetown was opened in August 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=India-Sierra Leone Foreign Office Consultations (March 25, 2021) |url=https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/33732/IndiaSierra_Leone_Foreign_Office_Consultations_March_25_2021 |website=Ministry of External Affairs |access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
Several high-level ministerial level visits have taken place between the two countries. Sierra Leonean Minister of Industry and Transport A.E. Bangura visited New Delhi in November 1998, becoming the first Sierra Leonean minister to visit India. The Speaker of the Sierra Leone Parliament, accompanied by two members of Parliament, visited New Delhi in January 2003. Foreign Minister Alhaji Momodu Koroma and Trade and Industry Minister Kadi Sesay visited New Delhi in November 2005. Koroma visited the country again in January 2007. Several other Sierra Leonean minister and members of Parliament have also visited India.<ref name="HCIrelations" /><br />
<br />
The first visit by an Indian minister to Sierra Leone occurred in July 2000, when Defence Minister [[George Fernandes]] visited the country. The next visit by an Indian minister to the country came almost a decade later when Minister of State for External Affairs [[Anand Sharma]] visited in January 2009. Bihar's Deputy Chief Minister [[Sushil Kumar Modi]] visited Sierra Leone to attend the "Sierra Leone Conference on Development and Transformation" in early 2012. Minister of State for Water Resources Ram Kripal Yadav visited Sierra Leone as the Prime Minister's Special Envoy in July 2015 to invite President [[Ernest Bai Koroma]] to attend the 3rd [[India-Africa Forum Summit]].<ref name="HCIrelations" /> Koroma visited India to attend the Summit in October 2015 becoming the first Sierra Leonean President to visit the country, and also held bilateral talks with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Thomas|first1=Abdul Rashid|title=President Koroma at the India-Africa Summit: Will Sierra Leone benefit economically?|url=http://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/?p=10739|website=The Sierra Leone Telegraph|access-date=9 April 2017|date=29 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Indian Vice President [[Venkaiah Naidu]] visited Sierra Leone on 12–14 October 2019, accompanied by Minister of State for Animal Husbandry, Dairy and Fisheries [[Sanjeev Kumar Balyan]] and [[Rajya Sabha]] MP from Chhattisgarh [[Ramvichar Netam]]. Naidu met with Sierra Leonean President Brig (retd) [[Julius Maada Bio]] and signed several MoUs to set up a joint commission, hold regular Foreign Office Consultations (FOC), cultural exchange, and conducting training and exchange programmes for Sierra Leonean diplomats. Naidu also met with [[Speaker of the House of Parliament of Sierra Leone|Speaker]] [[Abass Bundu]] and Foreign Minister [[Nabeela Tunis]], and interacted with the Indian community in Sierra Leone.<ref name="MEA2021">{{cite web|title=India-Sierra Leone Bilateral Relations|url=https://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Sierra_Leone_2021new.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs|publisher=High Commission of India, Freetown|access-date=4 October 2021|date=June 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
The first FOC between the two countries was held in Sierra Leone in March 2021.<ref name="MEA2021"/><br />
<br />
== Trade ==<br />
Bilateral trade between India and Sierra Leone totaled US$139.86 million in 2019–20, recording a growth of 12.80% over the previous fiscal. India is among the top 5 exporters to Sierra Leone, and exported $115.37 million worth of goods to the country in 2019–20. India made $24.49 million worth of imports from Sierra Leone during the same period, a growth of 108.86% over the previous year. The main commodities exported by India to Sierra Leone are pharmaceuticals, plastics, non-basmati rice, two and three wheelers, industrial machinery, electrical machinery and goods, ceramic products, articles of iron and steel, and aluminium. The major commodities imported by India from Sierra Leone are ferrous waste and scrap, wood pulp, waste paper and small quantities of titanium ores.<ref name="MEA2021"/><br />
<br />
In June 2010, [[Bharti Airtel]] struck a deal to buy [[Zain Group|Zain]]'s mobile operations in 15 African countries, including Sierra Leone, for $8.97&nbsp;billion, in India's second biggest overseas acquisition after Tata Steel's US$13&nbsp;billion buy of Corus in 2007. Bharti Airtel completed the acquisition on 8 June 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zain-bharti-idUSTRE6570VJ20100608|title=Bharti closes $9 billion Zain Africa deal|last1=Tripathy | first1=Devidutta |last2=Goma |first2=Eman |date=8 June 2010|work=[[Reuters]]|publisher=Reuters|access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref> In January 2016, Airtel announced that it had entered into an agreement to sell its operations in Burkina Faso and Sierra Leone to French telecom company [[Orange S.A.]] The value of the deal was not disclosed, but analysts estimated it to be worth $800–900 million.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Reporter|first1=B. S.|title=Airtel to sell 2 African operations to Orange|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/bharti-airtel-sells-burkina-sierra-leone-biz-to-orange-116011300126_1.html|website=Business Standard India|access-date=3 March 2017|date=14 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airtel signs deal to sell two African operations to France's Orange|url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/airtel-signs-deal-to-sell-two-african-operations-to-frances-orange-2581888.html|website=Firstpost|access-date=3 March 2017|date=13 January 2016}}</ref> Orange assumed control of operations in Sierra Leone in July 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airtel closes sale of its unit in Sierra Leone to France's Orange|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/tech/hardware/airtel-closes-sale-of-its-unit-in-sierra-leone-to-frances-orange/articleshow/53291015.cms|website=The Economic Times|date=19 July 2016 |access-date=3 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Lead|first1=Telecom|title=Orange completes Airtel deal in Sierra Leone {{!}} TelecomLead|url=http://www.telecomlead.com/telecom-services/orange-completes-airtel-deal-sierra-leone-70070|website=TelecomLead|access-date=3 March 2017|date=19 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orange announces 100% takeover of Airtel in Sierra Leone|url=http://www.africanews.com/2016/07/21/orange-announces-100-percent-takeover-of-airtel-in-sierra-leone/|website=Africanews|access-date=3 March 2017|date=3 March 2017}}</ref> Indian investment firm ABG Group in partnership with Sierra Leone Exploration Mining Company (SLEMCO) discovered an estimated 321 million MT of bauxite deposits in Sierra Leone in 2011.<ref name="MEA2013">{{cite web|title=India - Sierra Leone Relations|url=https://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Sierra_Leone.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs|access-date=9 April 2017|date=January 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
There were over 60 Indian-owned companies based in the country as of December 2016, of which around 20 are trading companies.<ref name="HCIrelations" /><br />
<br />
In December 2021, The Ambassador of [[Sierra Leone]] to India His Excellency Rashid Sesay was welcomed by Dr. Asif Iqbal, President of IETO and various trade initiatives were discussed including the visit of Multisectoral Indian Delegation to [[Sierra Leone]].<br />
<br />
== Development assistance ==<br />
India provides [[development assistance]] to Sierra Leone primarily through concessional [[lines of credit]] (LOC) and through the [[ECOWAS]] Bank for Investment and Development. As of June 2021, India had provided over US$250 million worth of development assistance to Sierra Leone.<ref name="MEA2021"/><br />
<br />
India provided US$15 million for agricultural projects including procurement of tractors, harvesters, rice threshers, rice mills, maize shellers and pesticide spray equipment in 2008. A $29.45 million line of credit was provided in 2010 for modernization and expansion of state-owned [[Sierratel]]'s network and infrastructure, and for the procurement of buses for university and tertiary institutions. India provided $30 million for rehabilitation of existing potable water facilities and addition of new infrastructure to supply potable water in 2010, $20 million for public lighting of Freetown and 13 municipal<br />
headquarters through solar energy in 2011, and $78 million to build transmission lines and sub-stations in 2016.<ref name="MEA2021"/><br />
<br />
In 2018, [[IBSA Dialogue Forum|IBSA]] (India, Brazil, South Africa) approved a $1 million contribution from the IBSA Fund to expand digital financial services among women, youth, micro, small and medium enterprises in Sierra Leone.<ref name="MEA2021"/> In 2019, India provided $45 million for irrigation development in [[Tomabum]] aimed at making Sierra Leone self-sufficient in rice production, and for the expansion of rehabilitation of potable water facilities in four communities in Sierra Leone. A $32 million LOC was extended for the construction of the University of Science & Technology at [[Koidu|Koidu Town]], [[Kono District]] in 2020.<ref name="MEA2021"/><br />
<br />
===Humanitarian aid and other assistance===<br />
India donated 200 military barracks to Sierra Leone in January 2009, which were built by a [[Public sector undertakings in India|public sector undertaking]]. India donated 29 packages of [[indelible ink]] in May 2007 for use in Sierra Leone's presidential and parliamentary elections held in September 2007. India also donated 40,000 tonnes of rice to Sierra Leone in June 2008 to meet urgent needs. India implemented the [[Pan-African e-Network project]] in Sierra Leone in 2010.<ref name="HCIrelations" /><ref name="MEA2021"/> In December 2014, India donated $12 million to the [[United Nations Ebola Response Fund]] and $50,000 to the [[World Health Organization]] to help fight the [[Western African Ebola virus epidemic|ebola virus outbreak]] in Sierra Leone, [[Liberia]] and [[Guinea]]. The country also donated $50,000 worth of medical equipment and medicines directly to the Government of Sierra Leone.<ref name="MEA2021"/> The [[Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations]] donated $100,000 to the [[Special Court for Sierra Leone]] and $50,000 towards relief efforts for damages caused by floods and mudslide in August 2017.<ref name="MEA2021"/> India donated a large consignment of medicines in February 2021 to help Sierra Leone fight the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone|COVID-19 pandemic]]. India donated 1,000 tonnes of rice to Sierra Leone in March 2021.<ref name="MEA2021"/> India shipped 96,000 doses of the [[Covishield]] vaccine produced by the [[Serum Institute of India]] through [[COVAX]] to Freetown on 8 March 2021. India will provide Sierra Leone around 528,000 doses of vaccine through COVAX.<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19 vaccines shipped by COVAX arrive in Sierra Leone |url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/covid-19-vaccines-shipped-covax-arrive-sierra-leone |website=WHO |access-date=4 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Government of India offers scholarships and fellowships to Sierra Leonean citizens to pursue under-graduate, post-graduate and research courses in India under the [[Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme]] (ITEC) and the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]] (ICCR).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iccr.gov.in/content/africa-scholarships|title=Africa Scholarships|website=Indian Council for Cultural Relations|language=en|access-date=9 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512210421/http://iccr.gov.in/content/africa-scholarships|archive-date=12 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
A group of Sierra Leonean women who attended the ITEC Rural Solar Electrification course at the Barefoot College of Tilonia returned to Sierra Leone and successfully installed a solar energy system in their villages.<ref name="HCIrelations" /> In 2018, five officers from the National Digital Crime Resource and Training Centre of the [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]] visited Sierra Leone and provided training to the Cyber Crimes Bureau of the Sierra Leone Police. India organized a special 3-week training programme for Sierra Leonean officials in May 2021 to prepare them for the country's upcoming [[ICAO]] Safety Audit later in the year.<ref name="MEA2021"/><br />
<br />
India and Sierra Leone signed an MoU for the latter to join India's Pan-African tele-education and tele-medicine initiatives called ''e-VidyaBharati'' and ''e-ArogyaBharati'' in October 2019. As of June 2021, over 200 Sierra Leonean students were enrolled in various courses at Indian educational institutions virtually through the ''e-VidyaBharati'' programme.<ref name="MEA2021"/> India has also offered to establish an ICT Centre of Excellence in Sierra Leone.<ref name="MEA2021"/><br />
<br />
India sent 1,000 metric tons of [[rice]] on 24 March 2026 to support Sierra Leone's school [[Midday Meal Scheme|midday meal scheme]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETEducation.com |title=India sends 1,000 metric tons rice to support Sierra Leone's school midday meal scheme |url=https://education.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/india-sends-1000-metric-tons-rice-to-support-sierra-leones-school-midday-meal-scheme/129807590 |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=ETEducation.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sierra Leoneans often visit India to study in the country or to seek medical treatment.<ref>{{cite web|title=President Koroma sends sick Sierra Leone girl to India for treatment|url=http://cocorioko.net/president-koroma-sends-sick-sierra-leone-girl-to-india-for-treatment/|website=Cocorioko|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref><br />
==Cultural relations==<br />
An MoU to facilitate a cultural exchange programme and foster friendly people-to-people ties was signed by the two countries in October 2019.<ref name="MEA2021"/><br />
<br />
The [[International Day of Yoga]] has been observed in Freetown annually since 2015. A [[Kathak]] dance troupe sponsored by the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]] visited Freetown in January 2018.<ref name="MEA2021"/><br />
<br />
==Indians in Sierra Leone==<br />
The Indian community in Sierra Leone dates back to the late 19th century when Indian traders arrived in the country. Records indicate that there were at least 600 Indians in Sierra Leone by 1977, two-thirds of whom were traders while the rest were teachers and experts.<ref name="MEA2021"/> As of June 2021, about 3,000 Indians reside in Sierra Leone. Most of the community is involved in trade and manufacturing, and some are engaged in the mining and trading of gold and diamonds.<ref name="MEA2021"/><br />
<br />
Indians have established several trading companies and small industrial units in Sierra Leone's agro-processing and consumer durable sectors.<ref name="MEA2021"/> There were over 60 Indian-owned companies based in the country as of December 2016.<ref name="HCIrelations" /> The Choithram Trust, run by the Indian-owned Choitram Group, operates a charitable hospital in Sierra Leone.<ref name="HCIrelations" /><br />
<br />
The Indian Mercantile Association is the sole Indian community association in the country. There is one Hindu temple in Sierra Leone located in Freetown.<ref name="MEA2021"/><br />
<br />
===Peacekeepers===<br />
{{see also|Operation Khukri}}<br />
Four thousand Indian troops served in the [[United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone]] (UNAMSIL) from December 1999 to January 2001. Major General V.K. Jetley was the UNAMSIL Force Commander, and Brigadier S.C. Joshi served as the head of a 10-member Military Liaison Unit attached to the Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary General for Sierra Leone.<ref name="HCIrelations" /> The Indian contingent of UNAMSIL accounted for 25% of the total strength and were the best-equipped among contributing nations. After serving in the mission for two years, India announced that it would withdraw its troops and military observers from Sierra Leone in September 2000. The withdrawal was carried out in phases and completed in January 2001.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone peacekeeping crisis|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/937080.stm|website=BBC News|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=UNAMSIL: United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone - Facts and Figures |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/unamsil/facts.html |website=peacekeeping.un.org |access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[High Commission of India, Freetown]]<br />
*[[Foreign relations of India]]<br />
*[[Foreign relations of Sierra Leone]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://www.hcifreetown.gov.in/ High Commission of India, Freetown]<br />
<br />
{{Foreign relations of India}}<br />
{{Foreign relations of Sierra Leone}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Politics|India|Sierra Leone}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:India-Sierra Leone relations}}<br />
[[Category:India–Sierra Leone relations| ]]<br />
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India|Sierra Leone]]<br />
[[Category:India–Africa relations|Sierra Leone]]<br />
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Sierra Leone]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Priyam_(2000_film)&diff=526893Priyam (2000 film)2026-03-24T14:11:41Z<p>KatherinDenmark: done - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Priyam<br />
| image = Priyam 2000 poster.jpg<br />
<br />
| caption = Movie poster<br />
| director = Sanal<br />
| producer = K. K. Nair<br />
| writer = [[Sab John]]<br />
| narrator = <br />
| starring = [[Kunchacko Boban]]<br />Deepa Nair<br />
| music = [[Berny-Ignatius]]<br />[[M. Jayachandran]]<br />
| cinematography = Vipin Mohan<br />
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]<br />
| studio = Smruthi Creations<br />
| distributor = Sab Entertainment<br />
| released = {{Film date|2000|03|31|df=yes}}<br />
| runtime = 144 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = [[Malayalam]]<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Priyam''''' is a [[List of Malayalam films of 2000|2000]] Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by Sanal and starring [[Kunchacko Boban]] and Deepa Nair with then-kids Arun, Ashwin, and [[Manjima Mohan]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-01|title='എല്ലാവർക്കും അറിയേണ്ടത് ഒന്നു മാത്രം; പ്രിയം സിനിമയിലെ നായിക ഇപ്പോൾ എവിടെയാണ്?'; ഉത്തരവുമായി ഒരാൾ|url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/buzz/priyam-movie-heroine-deepa-is-here-with-her-family-jj-389565.html|access-date=2021-06-15|website=News18 Malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/happy-fathers-day-5-malayalam-movie-characters-who-proved-becoming-a-father-is-not-always-about-giving-birth-to-them/photostory/83681748.cms|title=Happy Father's Day: 5 Malayalam movie characters, who proved becoming a father is not always about giving birth to them!|date=30 June 2021|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/i-get-slotted-as-do-gooder-coz-of-my-looks-kunchacko/articleshow/53887069.cms|title=I get slotted as do-gooder coz of my looks: Kunchacko|first=Sanjith|last=Sidhardhan|date=27 January 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=6 July 2023|archive-date=28 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928214621/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/i-get-slotted-as-do-gooder-coz-of-my-looks-kunchacko/articleshow/53887069.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> This film is inspired by the Hindi film ''[[Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke]]'' (1993)<ref name="s">{{cite web | url=https://www.sify.com/movies/iruvattam-manavatty-review-malayalam-pclvGJaijbggd.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524182915/https://www.sify.com/movies/iruvattam-manavatty-review-malayalam-pclvGJaijbggd.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 May 2022 | date= 27 January 2005| title=Iruvattam Manavatty | website=[[Sify]] }}</ref> which itself was based on the 1958 Hollywood movie ''[[Houseboat (film)|Houseboat]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi cinema |date=2003 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica (India) Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-7991-066-5 |editor-last=Encyclopaedia Britannica (India) Pvt. Ltd |location=New Delhi |pages=438}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Benny, an orphan, takes care of his sister's three children. Benny's best friend at the orphanage was Annie, who was taken away by her father to abroad. She decides to return to Benny. But fate has other plans.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Kunchacko Boban]] as Benny<br />
* Deepa Nair as Annie Joshua<br />
* [[Thilakan]] as Church Priest<br />
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Unni<br />
* [[Shruthi Raj]] as Nancy (Avarachan's daughter)<br />
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Joshua<br />
* [[Sukumari]] as Joshua's mother<br />
* Master Arun as Tinu<br />
* Master Ashwin Thampi as Vinu<br />
* [[Manjima Mohan]] as Anu<br />
* [[N. F. Varghese]] as Avarachan<br />
* [[Indrans]] as Shanmugham, Unni's assistant<br />
* [[Kanakalatha]] as Sulu, Unni's lover<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The film's soundtrack contains six songs, all composed by [[Berny Ignatius]], with lyrics by [[S. Ramesan Nair]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?3575|title=പ്രിയം (2000)|language=ml|work=malayalasangeetham}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)<br />
|-<br />
| 1<br />
| "Katturumbinu Kalyanam"<br />
| [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[K. S. Chitra]], George Peter, Jyothi Menon<br />
|-<br />
| 2<br />
| "Kunnimani Kannazhakil"<br />
| K. J. Yesudas, K. S. Chitra<br />
|-<br />
| 3<br />
| "Minnaaminni"<br />
| [[Nayana]], Subin Ignatius<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
| "Snehaswaroopanaam"<br />
| K. S. Chitra, Baiju Chacko<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
| "Vaikaashi"<br />
| K. J. Yesudas<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
A critic from ''keralatalkies.com'' wrote that "Beautiful locales, lilting music coupled with picturisation to match, laugh a minute riots and some memorable one liners make the movie worth watching. Everybody involved have put in their might, especially the new find Deepa, displaying a flair for comedy. This movie will light up the faces of your little ones this summer and that is a promise".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keralatalkies.com/movies/moviereviews4.htm |title=പ്രിയം [''Priyam'']|website=www.keralatalkies.com |access-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010303204855/http://www.keralatalkies.com/movies/moviereviews4.htm |archive-date=3 March 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0282863}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2000 films]]<br />
[[Category:2000 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam remakes of Hindi films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Berny–Ignatius]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by M. Jayachandran]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Damayanti_Beshra&diff=469952Damayanti Beshra2026-03-17T15:20:35Z<p>KatherinDenmark: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Writer and poet}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Damayanti Beshra<br />
| image = Damayanti Beshra receiving Padmashree from President Kovind.jpg<br />
| caption = Damayanti Beshra receiving [[Padma Shri]] award from President [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
| birth_name = Dhigij<br />
| birth_date = 18 February 1962<br />
| birth_place = Bobeijoda, [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]], [[Odisha]]<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]], [[Master of Arts|M.A]], PhD in [[Odia language|Odia]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[Rama Devi Women's College]], Bhubaneswar<br/> [[Utkal University]]<br />
| occupation = Lecturer, Politician<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], (2024 - Present)<br />
| known_for = Poet and writer in [[Santali language|Santali]]<br />
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Gangadhar Hansda]]|1988}}<br />
| parents = Rajmal Majhi (Father) <br/> Pungi Majhi (Mother)<br />
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]]<br/>Literature Award<br />
| honours = [[Padma Shri]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Damayanti Beshra''' (b. 18 February 1962) is a [[Santali language|Santali]] author and [[Adivasi]] researcher. She is known for literature of Santali language.<ref name="meet the author Damayanti">{{cite web | url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/library/meettheauthor/damayanti_beshra.pdf | title=Sahitya Akademi Meet The Author Damayanti Beshra | publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] | date=1 September 2013 | access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref> In 2020, she was honoured by [[Padma Shri]] for her remarkable contribution to Santhali literature.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manoj Das, Prashant Patnaik Among 11 From Odisha Receive Padma Awards From President|url=https://odishatv.in/news/miscellaneous/manoj-das-prashant-patnaik-among-11-from-odisha-receive-padma-awards-from-president-163445/amp|access-date=2021-11-14|website=odishatv.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
She was awarded the [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Santali|Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 2009. She also published the first women's magazine in Santali language called ''Karam Dar''.<br />
<br />
She is the first female writer in the language to author and publish an anthology of poems ''Jiwi Jharna'' in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha's padma prides|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/jan/26/odishas-padma-prides-2094679.html|access-date=2021-10-02|website=The New Indian Express|date=26 January 2020 }}</ref> She was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/jan/26/odishas-padma-prides-2094679.html | title=Odisha's padma prides | publisher=The New Indian Express | date=26 January 2020 | access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/former-ministers-arun-jaitley-sushma-swaraj-and-george-fernandes-given-padma-vibhushan/articleshow/73617205.cms | title=Arun Jaitley, Sushma Swaraj, George Fernandes given Padma Vibhushan posthumously. Here's full list of Padma award recipients | publisher=[[The Economic Times]] | date=26 January 2020 | access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref><br />
==Early life==<br />
Damyanti Beshra was born on 19 February 1962 in Bobeijoda village in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha as the eldest daughter of mother Pungi Majhi and father Rajmal Majhi. His nickname was Dhigij. According to Santhali tradition, the name was given after her grandmother. Even though there was no school in his village Babeijoda, a local resident used to teach the children in a small shade where she got his primary education. Along with other students, she also learned to write letters on the ground with Chalk. Her paternal uncle was very when he came to know that she was interested in studies and took her and got her admitted in a government school of Deuli village. There she studied till third class. After that, she studied till class 4 and 5 in the school of Chandida, 2 km away from their village. From class 6 to class 11, he studied at T.&R.W. Girls High School, Rairangpur. She passed matriculation there in 1977. As there were no colleges near Rairangpur, she enrolled at [[Rama Devi Women's University]], Bhubaneswar, as an undergraduate. She passed I.A. in 1979 and then graduated in 1981 with honors in Odia. In 1983, she passed M.A.from [[Utkal University]] with a special paper in Linguistics.<ref name="meet the author Damayanti"/><br />
<br />
==Awards and recognition==<br />
* 2009: Awarded the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=Poets dominate this year's Sahitya Akademi Awards |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Poets-dominate-this-yearrsquos-Sahitya-Akademi-Awards/article16854946.ece |work=The Hindu |date=23 December 2009 |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
* 2020: Received [[Padma Shri]] for her remarkable contribution to Santhali literature.<ref>{{cite news |title=12 Odias honoured with Padma awards |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2021/nov/09/12-odias-honoured-with-padma-awards-2381303.html |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}<br />
{{Padma Award winners of Odisha}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Beshra, Damayanti}}<br />
[[Category:1962 births]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Santali]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Santali people]]<br />
[[Category:Adivasi women]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._P._Fabian&diff=452801K. P. Fabian2026-03-17T06:35:31Z<p>KatherinDenmark: refine citations and added references as per guidelines</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian diplomat}}<br />
{{Indian name|Fabian|Kalarickal Pranchu}}{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific-prefix = <br />
| name = Kalarickal Pranchu Fabian<br />
| image = K.p fabian.jpeg<br />
| office = [[Indian Foreign Service]]<br />
| term_start = 1964<br />
| term_end = 2000<br />
<br />
| office2 = {{flag|India}}n<br />[[ambassador]]<br />to {{flag|Qatar}}<ref name="Who's Who"/><br />
| term_start2 = {{dts|1992|11|17}}<br />
| term_end2 = {{dts|1996|11|01}}<br />
| predecessor2 = Ramesh Chand Shukla<br />
| successor2 = Rajamani Lakshmi Narayan<br />
<br />
| office3 = {{flag|India}}n<br />[[ambassador]]<br />to {{flag|Italy}}<br /><small>[[:es:Anexo:Embajadores de la India en Italia]]</small><br />
| term_start3 = {{dts|1999|09|10}}<br />
| term_end3 = 2000<br />
| predecessor3 = [[:es:Kamal Nain Bakshi]]<br />
| successor3 = Siddharth Singh<br />
<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1940|09|23}}<br />
| birth_place = Udayamperoor, [[Ernakulam District]], [[Kingdom of Cochin]], [[British Raj]] (now [[Kerala]], India)<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| occupation = Diplomat<br />
| website = {{URL|http://www.ambassador-fabian.com/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kalarickal Pranchu Fabian''' (born 23 September 1940) is an Indian Diplomat, author and political commentator<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/china-doesnt-respect-the-territorial-integrity-of-india-former-diplomat-kp-fabian-on-beijings-expansionist-policy/articleshow/126157222.cms?from=mdr|title="China doesn't respect the territorial integrity of India": Former diplomat KP Fabian on Beijing's expansionist policy|date=December 24, 2025|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> who served in the [[Indian Foreign Service]] between 1964 and 2000, during which time he was posted to [[Madagascar]], [[Austria]], [[Iran]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Canada]], [[Finland]], [[Qatar]] and [[Italy]].<ref name="K.P Fabian"/><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/world/india-must-rely-on-diplomacy-former-diplomat-kp-fabian-on-bangladesh-issue/|title=India must rely on diplomacy: Former Diplomat KP Fabian on Bangladesh issue|website=The Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/india-russia-may-focus-on-defence-cooperation-former-diplomat-kp-fabian-on-putins-scheduled-visit20251129030034/|title=India, Russia may focus on defence cooperation: Former diplomat KP Fabian on Putin's scheduled visit|website=ANI News}}</ref><ref name="auto4"/><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
KP Fabian’s full name is Kalarickal Pranchu Fabian. He was born on 23 September 1940 in Udayamperoor, Ernakulam District (then Kingdom of Cochin, British Raj; now Kerala, India). He joined the Indian Foreign Service (IFS) in 1964 and served until 2000. Over his career he was posted in various countries including Madagascar, Austria, Iran, Sri Lanka, Canada, Finland, Qatar and Italy. He served as Ambassador of India to Qatar (1992-1996) and later to Italy (1999-2000).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/world/ex-diplomat-kp-fabian-welcomes-foreign-secretary-vikram-misri-s-bangladesh-visit/vi-AA1vpVF7|title=MSN|website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/ex-diplomat-kp-fabian-on-us-tariffs-donald-trump-realised-he-was-wrong-about-india-9231632|title="Realised He Was Wrong About India": Ex-Diplomat As Trump Shifts Tone}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
During his time in the diplomatic service, he spent three years in Iran (from 1976 to 1979), witnessing the [[Iranian Revolution]] first hand. As Joint Secretary (Gulf), Fabian coordinated the evacuation of over 176,000 Indian nationals from [[Iraq]] and [[Kuwait]] in 1990–91.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gatewayhouse.in/author/k-fabian/|title=K P Fabian, Author at Gateway House}}</ref> <br />
<br />
His multilateral experience includes representing India at the [[United Nations Industrial Development Organization]], [[International Atomic Energy Agency]], [[International Civil Aviation Organization]], [[Food and Agriculture Organization]], [[World Food Programme]] and the International Fund for Agricultural Development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trincocss.org/sri-lankas-road-ahead-is-hazardous-an-exclusive-interview-with-ambassador-k-p-fabian/|title=Sri Lanka’s road ahead is hazardous : An exclusive interview with Ambassador K.P. Fabian|date=July 4, 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
He is also the author of two books, Commonsense on the War on Iraq, which was published in 2003 and Diplomacy: Indian Style. Even while in service, Fabian wrote and spoke on international affairs, mainly at universities in Madagascar, Austria, Iran, Sri Lanka, Canada, Finland, Qatar and Italy. The first address he delivered was on [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in 1969 at The [[Charles de Gaulle University – Lille III|Charles de Gaulle University]], Tananarive, Madagascar. His presentation on the North-South Dialogue was published as a monograph by [[McGill University]], Montreal (1983).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://madrascourier.com/author/kpfabian/|title=K P Fabian &#124; Madras Courier|date=October 7, 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the corporate sector, for three years starting from 2002, he was on the board of Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers in [[Mumbai]] and concurrently chaired the Audit Committee of the Board. He was on the board of the Syndicate Bank from 2003-2006. He was a visiting professor at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], New Delhi from 2003-04. He held the position of KPS Menon Chair at Mahatma Gandhi University, [[Kottayam]] from 2012-13. He was also the Chairman of [[Banyan Tree Holdings]], Chennai. Currently he is a board member of The Hope Project, New Delhi and Professor, at the Indian Society of International Law, New Delhi. He is also the Chief Advisor of Minerva Model United Nations founded by Arsh Arora and Yash Maheshwari.<br />
<ref name="timesofindia" /><ref name="dna" /><ref name="idsa" /><ref name="ots" /><ref name="af.com" /><ref name="frontline" /><ref name="amazon" /><ref name="goodreads" /><br />
<br />
==Evacuation of Indians from Kuwait==<br />
{{Main|1990 airlift of Indians from Kuwait}}<br />
During the [[Invasion of Kuwait]] by [[Saddam Hussein]]'s [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraq]] Fabian worked closely with [[I. K. Gujral|Gujral]] then Joint Secretary (Gulf Division, Ministry of External Affairs), KP Fabian coordinated the evacuation initiative. This involved working with officers across ministries working in the Gulf, and respond to the needs of the stranded people in Kuwait. He also was personally responsible in keeping the [[Air India]] ready for the emergency operation.<ref name=eco/> The 1990 airlift of Indians from Kuwait was carried out from August 13, 1990 to October 20, 1990 after the Invasion of Kuwait. Air India helped evacuate 175,000 people by civil airliners. The operation was carried out before the [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]] in 1990 to evacuate Indian expatriates from Kuwait. Those stranded were evacuated from [[Amman]], Jordan, to Mumbai by Air India, operating 488 flights in coordination with Indian Airlines.<br />
<br />
==Post-retirement roles and commentary==<br />
<br />
After retiring from the Indian Foreign Service, Fabian has been active as a commentator on international affairs, contributing articles and analysis on topics such as india's diplomatic relations with U.S., Bangladesh and Canada and contemporary geopolitical issues.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/india-must-rely-on-diplomacy-former-diplomat-kp-fabian-on-bangladesh-issue20260102062904/|title=India must rely on diplomacy: Former Diplomat KP Fabian on Bangladesh issue|website=ANI News}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/mea-did-what-was-right-former-ambassador-kp-fabian-on-india-canada-relations/articleshow/114902268.cms|title='MEA did what was right,' Former Ambassador KP Fabian on India-Canada relations|date=November 3, 2024|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/world/the-approach-is-quite-negative-ex-diplomat-kp-fabian-on-us-h-1b-visa-fee-hike-for-fresh-applications20250921131724-144893/|title="The approach is quite negative": Ex-diplomat KP Fabian on US H-1B visa fee hike for fresh applications|first=T. S. G.|last=Syndication|date=September 21, 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
He has written on foreign policy questions in outlets, discussing India’s diplomatic positioning and responses to international tensions.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto2"/><br />
<br />
==Books Authored==<br />
<br />
* The Commonsense on the War on Iraq K. P. Fabian (2003) <ref>{{cite web | url=https://catalog.lib.uchicago.edu/vufind/Record/5054337 | title=Holdings: The commonsense on the war on Iraq / }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2547740 | isbn=9788170392583 | title=The commonsense on the war on Iraq | year=2003 | publisher=Somaiya Publications }}</ref><br />
* Diplomacy: Indian Style K. P. Fabian (2012)<ref>{{cite book | title=Amazon.com | isbn=978-8124116760 | last1=Fabian | first1=K. P. | year=2012 }}</ref><br />
* The Arab Spring That Was and Wasn’t (2022) <ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/book-scene/arab-spring-or-islamic-winter-kp-fabians-new-was-and-wasnt-book-answers-this-question/1087803/ | title=Arab Spring or Islamic winter? KP Fabian's new 'was and wasn't' book answers this question | website=[[ThePrint]] | date=18 August 2022 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Syed Akbaruddin]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="Who's Who">{{cite book<br />
| first = K. G. Saur<br />
| last = Munich<br />
| title = Who's Who in the Arab World 2007-2008<br />
| date = 22 December 2011<br />
| publisher = Publitec Publications<br />
| isbn = 978-3598077357<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NHCQBAFMwawC&q=SHUKLA&pg=PA291<br />
| accessdate = 16 April 2019}}</ref><br />
<ref name="K.P Fabian">{{cite web<br />
| title = Ambassador K.P Fabian<br />
| url = http://www.gatewayhouse.in/author/k-fabian/<br />
| publisher = Gatewayhouse<br />
| accessdate = 11 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<ref name=timesofindia>{{cite web<br />
| first = T<br />
| last = Ramavarman<br />
| title = Ambassador K.P Fabian on Indian Assurance to Italy<br />
| date = 22 March 2013<br />
| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/K-P-Fabian-former-Indian-Ambassador-to-Italy-has-said-that-there-was-nothing-unusual-in-India-giving-assurance-to-Italy-that-two-Italian-marines-will-not-be-awarded-death-penalty-if-they-return-to-face-trial-in-this-country-We-have-given-similar-undertakings-that-foreigners-will-not-be-subjected-to-death-penalty-in-some-other-cases-also-in-the-past-Fabian-told-TOI-here-/articleshow/19129697.cms?<br />
| work = [[The Times of India]]<br />
| accessdate = 11 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<ref name=eco>{{Cite web<br />
| title = The man who inspired 'Airlift' is no more, here's his story - Real-life heroes<br />
| website = [[The Economic Times]]<br />
| url = https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/the-man-who-inspired-airlift-is-no-more-heres-his-story/kp-fabian/slideshow/58789712.cms<br />
| accessdate = 21 Nov 2018}}</ref><br />
<ref name=dna>{{cite web<br />
| first = K.P.<br />
| last = Fabian<br />
| title = Take a leaf out of Chanakya's foreign policy book<br />
| date = 8 Dec 2011<br />
| website = [[Daily News and Analysis]]<br />
| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/report-take-a-leaf-out-of-chanakya-s-foreign-policy-book-1622824<br />
| accessdate = 16 April 2019}}</ref><br />
<ref name=idsa>{{cite web<br />
| title = K.P.Fabian<br />
| website = idsa.in<br />
| url = http://www.idsa.in/taxonomy/term/1267.html<br />
| accessdate = 16 April 2019}}</ref><br />
<ref name=ots>{{cite web<br />
| title = Former Ambassador to Italy K.P.Fabian visits the Seminary<br />
| date = 7 March 2014<br />
| website = ots.edu.in<br />
| url = http://www.ots.edu.in/32116/news---events/former-ambassador-to-italy-k-p-fabian-visits-the-seminary<br />
| accessdate = 16 April 2019}}</ref><br />
<ref name=af.com>{{cite web<br />
| title = Ambassador Fabian's blog, KP Fabian, Analyst - international political developments, global issues, Indian national issues<br />
| website = ambassador-fabian.com<br />
| url = http://www.ambassador-fabian.com/<br />
| accessdate = 16 April 2019}}</ref><br />
<ref name=frontline>{{cite web<br />
| first = K.P.<br />
| last = Fabian<br />
| title = Nuclear posturing<br />
| date = 17 May 2013<br />
| website = The Hindu<br />
| url = https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/nuclear-posturing/article4647678.ece#<br />
| accessdate = 16 April 2019}}</ref><br />
<ref name=amazon>{{cite book<br />
| title = Diplomacy: Indian Style<br />
| id = {{ASIN|8124116768|country=in}}<br />
}}</ref><br />
<ref name=goodreads>{{cite web<br />
| title = K. P. Fabian's Books<br />
| website = goodreads.com<br />
| url = http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8061688.K_P_Fabian<br />
| accessdate = 16 April 2019}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fabian, K.P.}}<br />
[[Category:1940 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Diplomats for India]]<br />
[[Category:World Food Programme people]]<br />
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Qatar]]<br />
[[Category:Indian officials of the United Nations]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karu_Palaniappan&diff=508725Karu Palaniappan2026-03-12T16:06:57Z<p>KatherinDenmark: Started New Info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian film director (born 1972)}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{BLP sources|date=June 2021}}<br />
{{Fan POV|date=December 2021}}<br />
{{Weasel|date=December 2021}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{infobox person<br />
| name = Karu Palaniappan<br />
| image = Karu Pazhaniappan at the Kathai Thiraikathai Vasanam Iyakkam Audio Launch.jpg<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1972|3|6}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tamilfilmdirectorsassociation.com/profile.php?sno=1340 |title=TANTIS |website=tamilfilmdirectorsassociation.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023222039/http://tamilfilmdirectorsassociation.com/profile.php?sno=1340 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Kanadukathan]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]<br />
| spouse = Pia<br />
| children = 2<br />
| occupation = Actor, director, journalist,host<br />
| yearsactive = 2003–present<br />
}}<br />
'''Karu Palaniappan''' is an Indian film director, actor, and television host who works in the Tamil film industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-2/top-directors/directors-25-21.html |title=Kollywood's Top 25 Directors – Directors – Vetrimaran Balaji Sakthivel Lingusamy Vasanth Karu Pazhaniappan Simbudevan |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=2008-11-06 |archive-date=21 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921234802/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-2/top-directors/directors-25-21.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He has also hosted the show Thamizha Thamizha on [[Zee Tamil|Zee Thamizh]].<br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Palaniappan hails from [[Karaikudi]] and is the eldest among their three children. Politician turned actor [[Pala. Karuppiah]] is his paternal uncle.<br />
<br />
Books appealed to Palaniappan right from childhood. His father is a trader and an ardent reader. He showed interest in reading classics of popular writers like [[Kannadasan]], [[Jayakanthan]], and [[Ashokamitran]]. Following the saying ‘Like father like son’, Palaniappan inherited this ‘love of reading’ from his father right from childhood.<br />
<br />
Palaniappan's passion for reading books helped him in learning languages, writing, acting and elocution. His style of starting midway through a debate and expressing his thoughts with grabbing the attention of people. During his career he won career trophies, certificates and accolades.<br />
<br />
After his schooling in Madurai Seventh Day Adventist, Palaniappan studied English Literature in the renowned [[American College, Madurai]] (undergrad) and mastered in Literature in Madurai Thiyagaraja College. His intense pursuit of Tamil literature secured him the covetable student training course in [https://www.vikatan.in Vikatan Group of Magazines].<br />
<br />
Palaniappan sustained reading and movie-watching with zest and zeal created an affiliation to cinema within himself, thus inspiring his first toddler steps into Kollywood in 1994. Though he is acclaimed as director [[Parthiban]]'s protégé, Palaniappan worked under two other directors. With Parthiban, he worked in [[Pullakuttikaran]] and [[House Full (1999 film)|House Full]]. His grey cells contributed to director [[Dharani (director)|Dharani]]'s stories that did not get transformed into films in the sandwiched time frame between the latter's films ''[[Edhirum Pudhirum]]'' and [[Dhill]]. He worked under director [[Ezhil]] in ''[[Thullatha Manamum Thullum]]'', ''[[Pennin Manathai Thottu]]'', and [[Poovellam Un Vasam]].<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
<br />
===Directing===<br />
Palaniappan's directorial debut was ''[[Parthiban Kanavu (2003 film)|Parthiban Kanavu]]'', starring [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]] and [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=27 July 2003 |title=சவால்தானே வாழ்கை! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2003-07-27/kalki2003-07-27.pdf |access-date=2 February 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=72–74 |language=Ta}}</ref> The film become one of the biggest hits of the year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/maiden-success/article28642065.ece|title=Maiden success|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 June 2003|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=27 March 2023|archive-date=27 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327185658/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/maiden-success/article28642065.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Palaniappan's second film, ''[[Sivappathigaram]]'', starring [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]], released in 2006. His 2008 film ''[[Pirivom Santhippom]]'', received positive reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jan/15ps.htm|title=Pirivom Sandippom, a sincere effort|access-date=27 March 2023|archive-date=27 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327185703/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jan/15ps.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> His fourth directorial film, ''[[Mandhira Punnagai (2010 film)|Mandhira Punnagai]]'', saw him making his debut as a hero.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2010/nov/25/mandhira-punnagai-205555.html|title=Mandhira Punnagai|website=The New Indian Express|date=16 May 2012 |access-date=27 March 2023|archive-date=27 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327190039/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2010/nov/25/mandhira-punnagai-205555.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His second film with Srikanth called ''[[Sadhurangam (2011 film)|Sadhurangam]]'', was finished in 2006 and remained unreleased for a long time. At last, the film released in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/oct-11-02/sathurangam-review.html |title=Sathurangam Review – Sathurangam Movie Review<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-date=22 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222225047/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/oct-11-02/sathurangam-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Srikanth's character in the film was named after [[Thirupathisamy]], a film director and Palaniappan's close friend who died in 2001. Palaniappan later directed the 2013 film ''[[Jannal Oram]]'', a remake of the Malayalam film ''[[Ordinary (film)|Ordinary]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/jannal-oram/jannal-oram-review.html |title=Jannal Oram (aka) Jannal Oram review |website=Behindwoods |date=2013-11-29 |access-date=2013-12-12 |archive-date=5 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205151251/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/jannal-oram/jannal-oram-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Acting===<br />
Palaniappan started his acting career playing uncredited roles in films such as ''[[House Full (1999 film)|House Full]]'', ''[[Thullatha Manamum Thullum]]'', and ''[[Pennin Manathai Thottu]]''. He made his lead debut in his film ''Mandhira Punnagai'', where he played the protagonist. 2019 saw him acting in a negative role in the movie ''[[Natpe Thunai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/natpe-thunai/movie-review/68715765.cms|title=Natpe Thunai|website=The Times of India|date=2019-04-04|access-date=2020-06-09|archive-date=27 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327190025/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/natpe-thunai/movie-review/68715765.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, he played the lead role in ''[[Kallan]]'', a supporting role in ''[[D Block (film)|D Block]]'', and an antagonistic role in ''[[Nadhi]]''. He acted in a supporting role in the 2023 film ''[[Yaadhum Oore Yaavarum Kelir]]''.<br />
<br />
===Unfinished projects===<br />
In 2005, Palaniappan began work on a film with [[Dhanush]] and [[Gopika]] in lead roles, titled ''Ashokamithran,'' but the film ran production troubles and was subsequently shelved.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid%3D296 |title=Name game |work=Tamil Guardian |access-date=2015-11-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305014811/http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=296 |archive-date=2016-03-05 }}</ref> He later began work on that film in 2012 with a new crew and [[Arulnithi]] in the lead role; however, after two months of shooting, the film was again cancelled. The director and actor tried to revive the project in late 2013, but were again unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/apr-12-03/arulnidhi-ashokamitran-21-04-12.html |title=Arulnidhi's Film In Trouble - Arulnidhi - Ashokamitran - Tamil Movie News |website=Behindwoods.com |date=2012-04-21 |access-date=2022-08-09 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043456/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/apr-12-03/arulnidhi-ashokamitran-21-04-12.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cineulagam.com/tamil/news/cinema/karu-pazhaniappans-ashokamitran-to-be-resumed-finally/ |title=Karu's Pazhaniappan's Ashokamitran to be resumed finally ?|work=Cineulagam |access-date=2015-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609072148/http://www.cineulagam.com/tamil/news/cinema/karu-pazhaniappans-ashokamitran-to-be-resumed-finally/ |archive-date=2015-06-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Likewise, another project, a family drama ''Pandiya Vamsam'' starring [[Ameer Sultan|Ameer]] and [[Rajkiran]], was called off soon after production started.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kollyinsider.com/2012/07/karu-palaniappans-next-pandiya-vamsam.html|title=Karu Palaniappan's next 'Pandiya Vamsam' with Ameer|date=3 July 2012 |access-date=10 November 2015|archive-date=1 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701235247/http://www.kollyinsider.com/2012/07/karu-palaniappans-next-pandiya-vamsam.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2016, Palaniappan spent time on pre-production for a film titled ''Gramophone'' featuring [[R. Madhavan|Madhavan]] and [[Rajkiran]] in the lead roles. Despite working on it for a year, the film failed to materialise owing to Madhavan's busy schedule.<ref>{{cite news | title=Madhavan to share screen space with Rajkiran | date=3 June 2016 | url=http://chennaivision.com/madhavan-share-screen-space-rajkiran/ | work=chennaivision | access-date=3 June 2016 | archive-date=3 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603103304/http://chennaivision.com/madhavan-share-screen-space-rajkiran/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> In September 2017, he announced his next film would be a political thriller film titled ''Pugazhenthi Enum Naan'' featuring Arulnithi and [[Bindu Madhavi]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arulnithi-to-play-the-lead-role-in-a-poltical-sattire/articleshow/60084240.cms | title=Arulnithi to play the lead role in a {{as written|polt|ical}} {{as written|satti|re [sic]}} | date=16 August 2017 | newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=1 August 2020 | archive-date=19 November 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119051600/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arulnithi-to-play-the-lead-role-in-a-poltical-sattire/articleshow/60084240.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Politics ==<br />
He is a staunch adherent of Dravidian philosophy, with an abiding passion for its tenets. However, he has never formally joined or affiliated himself with any political party. Notably, during the 2021 Legislative Assembly election campaign, he spoke in support of the DMK at various intellectual forums and on multiple digital platforms. <br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Palaniappan is married to Pia and has two children: a daughter and a son.<ref>[http://www.karupalaniappan.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47&Itemid=54 Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721095122/http://www.karupalaniappan.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47&Itemid=54 |date=21 July 2017 }}. Karupalaniappan.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-22.</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
=== As a film director ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year <br />
! Film<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2003 || ''[[Parthiban Kanavu (2003 film)|Parthiban Kanavu]]'' || Winner, State Award for Best Director<br />
|-<br />
| 2006 || ''[[Sivappathigaram]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 ||''[[Pirivom Santhippom]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2010 ||''[[Mandhira Punnagai (2010 film)|Mandhira Punnagai]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2011 || ''[[Sadhurangam (2011 film)|Sadhurangam]]'' ||Delayed release, Filmed in 2003<br>Winner, State Award for Best Script Writer<br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || ''[[Jannal Oram]]'' ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== As an actor ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year <br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1999 || ''[[House Full (1999 film)|House Full]]'' || Journalist || rowspan="3" | uncredited role<br />
|-<br />
| 1999 || ''[[Thullatha Manamum Thullum]]'' || Auto driver <br />
|-<br />
| 2000 || ''[[Pennin Manathai Thottu]]'' || Man giving change in telephone booth <br />
|-<br />
| 2010 ||''[[Mandhira Punnagai (2010 film)|Mandhira Punnagai]]'' || Kathir ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 ||''[[Natpe Thunai]]'' || Harichandran ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2022<br />
|| ''[[Kallan]]'' || Velu ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[Nadhi]]''||<br />
||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[D Block (film)|D Block]]'' || College owner||<br />
|-<br />
| 2023 || ''[[Yaadhum Oore Yaavarum Kelir]]'' || Arumugam ||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Television==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year <br />
! Show<br />
! language<br />
! Network<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|2018–2023 || ''Tamizha Tamizha'' || rowspan="2" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || [[Zee Tamizh]] || rowspan="2" | Talk show presenter<br />
|-<br />
|2023-2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-05 |title=Karu. Palaniappan announces his exit from 'Vaa Tamizha Vaa'; actor Aari Arjunan to host the debate show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/karu-palaniappan-announces-his-exit-from-vaa-tamizha-vaa-actor-aari-arjunan-to-host-the-debate-show/articleshow/109057465.cms |access-date=2024-07-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>|| '' Vaa Tamizha Vaa'' || [[Kalaignar TV]] <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
* Best Director Award<br />
[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director]] for ''[[Parthiban Kanavu (2003 film)|Parthiban Kanavu]]'' – 2003<br />
<br />
* Best Story Writer Award<br />
Tamil Nadu State Film Award for <br />
''[[Sadhurangam (2011 film)|Sadhurangam]]'' – 2011<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb name|1493873}}<br />
<br />
{{Karu Palaniappan}}<br />
{{TamilNaduStateAwardForBestDirector}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Palaniappan, Karu}}<br />
[[Category:1972 births]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Sivaganga district]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singampuli&diff=457249Singampuli2026-03-12T14:56:20Z<p>KatherinDenmark: enhanced article also and updated info per sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor and director (born 1968)}}<br />
{{for|the 2011 film|Singam Puli Thevar}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Singampuli Thevar<br />
| image = <br />
| imagesize = <br />
| caption = Singampuli in 2022<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1968|07|06|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Periyakulam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| othername = Ram Sathya<br />
| yearsactive = 1997{{ndash}}present<br />
| spouse = Pushpavalli<br />
| children = 2<br />
| website = <br />
| occupation = [[Actor]], [[Film director|director]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Singampuli Thevar''' is an Indian [[actor]] and [[Film director|director]] working in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil films]]. After making ''[[Red (2002 film)|Red]]'' (2002) and ''[[Maayavi]]'' (2005), he has made a career appearing in comedy roles and supporting roles.<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/my-first-break-singam-puli/article917584.ece|title=My First Break: Singam Puli - The Hindu|newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 November 2010|publisher=thehindu.com|accessdate=2014-07-20|last1=Kumar|first1=S. R. Ashok}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Singampuli was born and brought up in Theni, Periyakulam and after studying engineering in [[Bangalore]], he arrived in Chennai looking for a career in films. During his stint as an assistant director with [[Sundar C]], Singampuli suggested the original plot point of ''[[Unnai Thedi]]'' (1999) to the director and Sundar wrote the script of the film within a week, before discussing the line with actor [[Ajith Kumar]]. Ajith was initially unimpressed but agreed to do the romantic story anyway, mentioning that if the film became a success he would feature in a future film to be directed by Singampuli.<ref name="thehindu2">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article917584.ece|title=My First Break: Singam Puli - The Hindu|newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 November 2010|publisher=thehindu.com|accessdate=2014-07-20|last1=Kumar|first1=S. R. Ashok}}</ref> Subsequently, he agreed terms to work in the 2002 action film ''[[Red (2002 film)|Red]]'', a story telling the tale of a Madurai-based revolutionary. The film opened to mixed reviews upon release and eventually the film had an average run at the box office but went on to gain cult status among ajith fans after some years.<ref name="hindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/01/25/stories/2002012501050200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030627174909/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/01/25/stories/2002012501050200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2003-06-27|title="Red"|author=thmrn|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2014-07-20}}</ref> In 2005, he made the kidnap comedy film ''[[Maayavi]]'' featuring [[Suriya]] and [[Jyothika]], winning acclaim for his work.<ref name="sify">{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/mayaavi-review-tamil-13690380.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129140806/http://www.sify.com/movies/mayaavi-review-tamil-13690380.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-01-29|title=Movie Review : Mayaavi|website=[[Sify]]|accessdate=2014-07-20}}</ref><br />
<br />
Director [[Bala (director)|Bala]] cast him in an acting role as a beggar in ''[[Naan Kadavul]]'' (2009) and since Singampuli has appeared in several films in supporting roles. <br />
<br />
Singampuli bagged the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Comedian|Best Comedian]] Award for his role in ''Anjukku Onnu'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/tamil/tamil-nadu-state-film-awards-for-2015-announced-madhavan-and-jyothika-declared-best-actors/|title =Tamil Nadu State Film Awards for 2015 announced, Madhavan and Jyothika declared best actors|date =5 March 2024}}</ref> <br />
<br />
He has acted and collaborated with directors [[Rasu Madhuravan]]'s drama films ''[[Mayandi Kudumbathar]]'' (2009), ''[[Goripalayam]]'' (2010), ''[[Muthukku Muthaaga]]'' (2011) and ''[[Pandi Oliperukki Nilayam]]'' (2012) followed by [[Ezhil]]'s comedy films ''[[Manam Kothi Paravai]]'' (2012), ''[[Desingu Raja]]'' (2013), ''[[Vellaikaara Durai]]'' (2014) and ''[[Desingu Raja 2]]'' (2025).<br />
<br />
In 2024, he gives a noteworthy performance in the action thriller ''[[Maharaja (2024 film)|Maharaja]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movie-review-maharaja-movie-review-starring-vijay-sethupathi-in-his-50th-film-anurag-kashyap-1695636|title =Maharaja Review: Vijay Sethupathi Shines In His 50th Film Which Succeeds In Parts|date =14 June 2024}}</ref> The film emerged as a massive hit at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathis-maharaja-surpasses-rajinikanths-2-0-becomes-the-highest-kollywood-grosser-in-china/articleshow/115892885.cms|title =Vijay Sethupathi's 'Maharaja' surpasses Rajinikanth's '2.0,' becomes the highest Kollywood grosser in China|newspaper =The Times of India}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Singampuli's foray into acting marked a new chapter in his career.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/did-you-know-top-cooku-dupe-cooku-fame-singampuli-was-a-director-once/articleshow/110139459.cms|title =Did you know Top Cooku Dupe Cooku fame Singampuli was a director once?|newspaper =The Times of India|date =15 May 2024}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In 2025, he starred in the Tamil web series ''[[Seruppugal Jaakirathai]]'' which streamed on [[ZEE5]]. He played the lead role of Thyagarajan, a mild-mannered auditor who accidentally gets entangled in a criminal plot involving a stolen diamond hidden in a pair of shoes. His performance, blending humor and earnestness, received positive responses from audiences and marked his notable foray into the digital streaming space.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lakshmi |first=K. |date=2025-04-01 |title=Seruppugal Jaakirathai: Crime thriller and comedy drama rolled into one |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/crime-thriller-comedy-drama-rolled-into-one/article69399082.ece |access-date=2025-04-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Family ==<br />
The actor's family includes his wife, Pushpavalli,<ref>{{Cite web |last=ganesh.perumal |title=சொந்த தாய்மாமா பொண்ணு... இராணுவத்துல வேலை பாக்குறாங்க - மனைவி பற்றிய ஆச்சர்ய தகவலை வெளியிட்ட சிங்கம்புலி |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/gallery/maharaja-movie-fame-singam-puli-says-about-his-wife-who-is-working-in-army-gan-sfmcro |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ta}}</ref> an Indian [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] Army officer. Together, they have two sons, Savith Annavi aged 18 and Tirunaa Annavi aged 17.<br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
===As film director ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! rowspan="2" scope="col"| Year<br />
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Title<br />
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|2002 || ''[[Red (2002 film)|Red]]'' || Credited as Ram Sathya<br />
|-<br />
|2005 || ''[[Maayavi]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===As writer ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! rowspan="2" scope="col"| Year<br />
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Title<br />
!Credited as<br />
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
! Writer<br />
|-<br />
|2000 || ''[[Kannan Varuvaan (2000 film)|Kannan Varuvaan]]'' || {{partial|Story, dialogue}} || Credited as D. Singapuli<br />
|-<br />
|2004 || ''[[Perazhagan]]'' || {{partial|Dialogue}} || Credited as D. P. Singappuli<br />
|-<br />
|2009 || ''[[Renigunta (film)|Renigunta]]'' || {{partial|Dialogue}} || <br />
|-<br />
|2010 || ''[[Virunthali]]'' || {{partial|Dialogue}} || <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===As assistant director===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
!class=unsortable| Notes<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="1"|1999 || ''[[Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="1"|2002 || ''[[Raja (2002 film)|Raja]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="1"|2003 || ''[[Anjaneya (film)|Anjaneya]]'' ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===As actor===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|+ List of film acting credits<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Role<br />
! scope="col" class=unsortable| Notes<br />
|-<br />
|1997 ||''[[Janakiraman]]''|| Anandraj's henchman||Uncredited<br />
|-<br />
|2000||''[[Kannan Varuvaan (2000 film)|Kannan Varuvaan]]''||Radharavi's henchman||Uncredited<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2009 || ''[[Naan Kadavul]]'' || Kuyyan ||Uncredited<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mayandi Kudumbathar]]'' || Mayandi Virumandi || {{won}}, [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards|Ananda Vikatan Cinema Award for Best comedian]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Eesa (film)|Eesa]]'' || Kadukkai ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2010 || ''[[Goripalayam]]'' || M. G. R. Chinnasamy ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Milaga]]'' || Azhagar's friend ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Virunthali]]'' || Oli Shankar ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6"|2011 || ''[[Thoonga Nagaram]]'' ||Special appearance ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nandhi (2011 film)|Nandhi]]'' || Selvaraj ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Muthukku Muthaaga]]'' || Suruttu ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Eththan]]'' || Veerasingam ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Padhinettan Kudi Ellai Arambam''|| ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sankarankovil (film)|Sankarankovil]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5"|2012 || ''[[Sengathu Bhoomiyilae]]'' || Ondippuli ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aravaan]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Manam Kothi Paravai]]'' || Modu Mutti ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pandi Oliperukki Nilayam]]'' ||Pandi's brother||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Akilan'' || Mani ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="7"|2013 || ''[[Kadal (2013 film)|Kadal]]'' || Clarence ||<br />
|-<br />
|''Unakku 20 Enakku 40'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Oruvar Meethu Iruvar Sainthu]]''|| ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Desingu Raja]]'' || Koushik ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Naiyaandi]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jannal Oram]]'' || Tiyagi Thillai ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Ragalaipuram]]''|| Constable ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="10"|2014 || ''Vadakkum Therkum'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Oru Oorla Rendu Raja]]''|| ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kaaviya Thalaivan (2014 film)|Kaaviya Thalaivan]]'' || Palavesam ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pappali]]'' || Councillor||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sandiyar]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aindhaam Thalaimurai Sidha Vaidhiya Sigamani]]'' || Vijay Sethupathi ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sigaram Thodu]]''|| Pickpocket ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kaadu (2014 film)|Kaadu]]'' ||MaduraiKaaran ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Appuchi Gramam]]'' ||Govinda ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vellaikaara Durai]]'' ||Balu dasan ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="9"|2015 || ''[[Pongi Ezhu Manohara]]'' || Mani ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sandamarutham]]'' || Mayilu ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kallappadam]]'' || Singampuli ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sagaptham]]'' ||Tiger ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Demonte Colony]]'' || Producer || Guest appearance<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Naalu Policeum Nalla Irundha Oorum]]'' || Padhinettampadiyan ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Vanna Jigina]]''|| ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Pokkiri Mannan]]''|| Kali ||<br />
|-<br />
|''9 Thirudargal''|| ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="15"|2016 || '' [[Alone (2015 Kannada film)|Karaioram]]'' || "Vettukili" Karunakaran || Uncredited<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sethu Boomi]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sowkarpettai]]'' || Puli ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Hello Naan Pei Pesuren]]'' || Game Samiyar ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kida Poosari Magudi]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Yokkiyan Varan Somba Thooki Ulla Vai'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Guhan'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Saalaiyoram]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Velainu Vandhutta Vellaikaaran]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pandiyoda Galatta Thaangala]]'' || An Aspiring actor||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Muthina Kathirika]]'' || Vanjinathan ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ka Ka Ka Po]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aandavan Kattalai (2016 film)|Aandavan Kattalai]]'' || Murugesan ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Anjukku Onnu'' || || {{won}}, [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Comedian]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kadavul Irukaan Kumaru]]'' || Madaswamy ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="9"|2017 || '' [[Koditta Idangalai Nirappuga]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Muthuramalingam]]'' || Mookkaiyya Thevar's nephew || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Yaakkai]]'' || Muniyappan ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ayyanar Veethi]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Yentha Nerathilum]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Puyala Kelambi Varom'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Karuppan]]'' || Karuppan's Uncle ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[En Aaloda Seruppa Kaanom]]'' || Soosai || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aangila Padam]]'' || Iruttu Pusari || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="13"|2018 || ''[[Mannar Vagaiyara]]'' || Puli Moota ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Saranalayam'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Padaiveeran]]'' || Bartender ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Yemaali]]'' || Selvaraj ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kalakalappu 2]]'' || Seenu's assistant ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Merlin (2018 film)|Merlin]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pakka (film)|Pakka]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Alaipesi '' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Enna Thavam Seitheno]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Maniyaar Kudumbam]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Azhagumagan]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Genius (2018 Tamil film)|Genius]]'' || Ramamoorthy's friend ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Evanukku Engeyo Matcham Irukku]]'' || Giri ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2019 || ''[[Kadhal Munnetra Kazhagam]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ganesha Meendum Santhipom]]'' || Paandi ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Thavam (2019 film)|Thavam]]'' || Caterer || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"|2020 || ''Thottu Vidum Thooram'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Psycho (2020 film)|Psycho]]'' || Rajanayakam ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Irandam Kuththu]]'' || Priya's father ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Naanga Romba Busy]]'' || Constable Naidu ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6"|2021 || ''[[Pulikkuthi Pandi]]'' || Pandi's uncle ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Sulthan (2021 film)|Sulthan]]'' || Villager ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Pei Mama]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
|''[[MGR Magan]]'' || M. G. Karuppusamy ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Raajavamsam]]'' || Singampuli ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Anandham Vilayadum Veedu]]'' || Sakkarapandi ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="9" |2022 || ''[[Don (2022 film)|Don]]'' || Kandhan ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Panni Kutty]]'' || Temple priest ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[The Legend (2022 film)|The Legend]]'' || VJ's Assistant ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[My Dear Lisa]]'' || Chef cook || <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Viruman]]'' || Thalaiyaari || <br />
|-<br />
|''Kanmani Paappa'' || Kokki Kumar || <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Pattathu Arasan]]'' || Kannan || <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Powder (2022 film)|Powder]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
|''[[DSP (film)|DSP]]'' || Uppiliyappan || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" |2023 ||''[[Kathar Basha Endra Muthuramalingam]]'' || Head Constable || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Azhagiya Kanne (2023 film)|Azhagiya Kanne]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kabadi Bro]]'' || Argent Muthu ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Naadu]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Va Varalam Va]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Thee Ivan]]'' || Vinayagam ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Moothakudi'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |2024 || ''[[Local Sarakku]]'' || Agent Thangaraj ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Aranmanai 4]]'' || [[Constable]] A. Sakthivel ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Haraa (film)|Haraa]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Maharaja (2024 film)|Maharaja]]'' || Nallasivam ||<br />
|-<br />
|''Udhir @ Poomara Kathu''|| ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kadaisi Ulaga Por]]'' || Perumal ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="13" |2025 || ''[[Baby and Baby]]'' || Singampuli ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Fire (2025 film)|Fire]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Konjam Kadhal Konjam Modhal]]'' || Santhanam ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Enai Sudum Pani'' || Mama ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Retro (film)|Retro]]'' || Rukmini’s father ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Desingu Raja 2]]'' || Arjun ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mr Zoo Keeper]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bomb (2025 film)|Bomb]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kambi Katna Kathai]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|''Thuchchaadhanan'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|''Cristina Kathirvelan'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Indian Penal Law]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|''Konja Naal Poru Thalaiva'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2026 || ''Granny'' || Constable A. Susaiyappar ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mylanji (2026 film)|Mylanji]]'' || Gulam Ali ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Thaai Kizhavi]]'' || Uppiliyaan ||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== As dubbing artist ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
!class=unsortable| Notes<br />
|-<br />
|2019 ||''[[The Lion King (2019 film)|The Lion King]]'' ||rowspan=2 |[[Timon and Pumbaa|Timon]] ||rowspan=2 | Tamil version<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/mufasa-the-lion-king-roars-with-indias-top-stars-in-hindi-tamil-telugu-versions-1503366827.html|title=Mufasa The Lion King roars with India's top stars in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu versions|date=20 November 2024|access-date=20 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241120082701/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/mufasa-the-lion-king-roars-with-indias-top-stars-in-hindi-tamil-telugu-versions-1503366827.html|archive-date=20 November 2024|website=Statesman}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2024||''[[Mufasa: The Lion King]]''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! Network<br />
!class=unsortable| Notes<br />
!{{Reference heading}}<br />
|-<br />
|2023 || ''[[Ayali (2023 TV series)|Ayali]]'' || || [[ZEE5]] || [[Streaming television]] series<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2024{{Ndash}}present<br />
|''[[Top Cooku Dupe Cooku (season 1)|Top Cooku Dupe Cooku]]''<br />
|Contestant<br />
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]<br />
|[[Reality show]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|''[[Seruppugal Jaakirathai]]''<br />
|Thiyagarajan<br />
|ZEE5<br />
|Streaming television series<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-14 |title=சிங்கம் புலியின் ‘செருப்புகள் ஜாக்கிரதை’ நகைச்சுவை வெப் சீரிஸ் ஓடிடி ரிலீஸ் தேதி அறிவிப்பு! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/cinema-seruppugal-jaakirathai-comedy-series-on-nw-kls-ws-b-1754039.html |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=tamil.news18.com |language=ta}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|id=4020011}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singampuli}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]<br />
[[Category:1968 births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Theni district]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]<br />
[[Category:Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Top Cooku Dupe Cooku contestants]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Other_Side_of_Diplomacy&diff=540633The Other Side of Diplomacy2026-03-12T14:07:02Z<p>KatherinDenmark: started article.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2025 anthology edited by Jayshree Misra Tripathi}}<br />
{{Infobox book<br />
| editor = [[Jayshree Misra Tripathi]]<br />
| pub_date = 17 February 2025<br />
| image = The Other Side of Diplomacy.jpeg<br />
| country = India<br />
| publisher = [[Westland Books]]<br />
| pages = 182<br />
| isbn = 9789360459895<br />
| genre = [[Anthology]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Other Side of Diplomacy''''' is a 2025 anthology edited by [[Jayshree Misra Tripathi]], published by [[Westland Books|Westland Non-Fiction]]. The book compiles firsthand accounts from 15 diplomatic spouses, including two husbands and some daughters, detailing their experiences supporting [[Indian Foreign Service]] (IFS) officers across diverse global postings. Spanning locations such as [[Sikkim]], [[Ethiopia]], [[South Africa]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Baghdad]], [[China]], [[Switzerland]], and [[Brazil]], the anthology explores the challenges, sacrifices, and contributions of these individuals in the unofficial practice of diplomacy. Released on February 17, 2025, the book has been recognised for its unique perspective on the personal side of diplomatic life and its role in India’s soft power.<br />
<br />
== Content and themes ==<br />
The anthology features 16 essays recounting historic, entertaining, and insightful episodes from the lives of diplomatic spouses. These narratives highlight their adaptability to unfamiliar cultures, management of household and social duties, and contributions to India’s global image through cultural diplomacy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kissu |first=Sagrika |date=2025-02-28 |title=This event about diplomacy wasn't about ambassadors. Their spouses were the stars |url=https://theprint.in/feature/around-town/this-event-about-diplomacy-wasnt-about-ambassadors-their-spouses-were-the-stars/2514238/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Notable anecdotes include preparing Indian meals for [[Pandit Ravi Shankar]] in [[Beijing]], catering for Ethiopian elites post-reception, and interactions with figures like [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Juan Carlos I|King Juan Carlos]] of [[Spain]], and [[John F. Kennedy]]. The book also addresses evolving gender norms, with accounts from male spouses who took on traditionally female roles, such as accompanying dignitaries’ spouses or managing family responsibilities. It reflects on the emotional toll of frequent relocations, cross-cultural challenges, and the pressure to avoid diplomatic gaffes while upholding national prestige.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Book Review: The Other Side of Diplomacy by Jayshree Misra Tripathi – Asian News from UK |url=https://asianlite.com/2025/lite-blogs/book-review-the-other-side-of-diplomacy-by-jayshree-misra-tripathi/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Editor and contributors ==<br />
[[Jayshree Misra Tripathi]], a poet and retired diplomatic spouse, curated the anthology.<br />
<br />
The book includes contributions from Ajay Shankar, Anita Sapra, Anuradha Muthukumar, Ashok Pandey, Asiya Hamid Rao, Hema Devare, Kusum Budhwar, Kusum Tayal, Margreta Kumar, Preeti Singh, Reshmi Ray Dasgupta, Sharmila Kantha, Shreedevi Nair Pal, Shrimi Sinha, and Smita Purushottam.<br />
<br />
== Publication and release ==<br />
Published by [[Westland Books|Westland]] Non-Fiction, a division of Nasadiya Technologies Pvt Ltd, the book spans 182 pages and is priced at INR 599. It was launched on February 17, 2025, at the [[India International Centre]] in [[New Delhi]], with a panel featuring Ambassador [[Shyam Saran]], MP [[Shashi Tharoor]], and the editor.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2025-03-06 |title='JFK, mass cooking, and fashion fiascos': The colourful but exacting lives of Indian diplomatic spouses (Book Review) |url=https://ianslive.in/jfk-mass-cooking-and-fashion-fiascos-the-colourful-but-exacting-lives-of-indian-diplomatic-spouses-book-review--20250306133855 |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=IANS News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-02-17 |title=Westland Books is all set to release Jayshree Misra Tripathi’s book The Other Side Of Diplomacy on the unseen lives of Diplomatic Spouses. |url=https://www.cityairnews.com/content/westland-books-is-all-set-to-release-jayshree-misra-tripathis-book-the-other-side-of-diplomacy-on-the-unseen-lives-of-diplomatic-spouses |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=Cityairnews |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
''The Other Side of Diplomacy'' has received positive reviews for its engaging storytelling and historical value. ''Asian Lite'' praised its "intimate and nuanced look" at diplomatic spouses’ lives, emphasizing their role in India’s soft power.<ref name=":1" /> ''[[IANS]]'' highlighted compelling anecdotes, such as a fashion mishap in Switzerland and diplomatic contributions to Bangladesh’s creation.<ref name=":3" /> ''[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]'' described it as a unique anthology in India, though it noted the title might mislead readers expecting foreign policy analysis.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Other Side of Diplomacy': The silent partners in diplomacy |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/book-reviews/the-other-side-of-diplomacy-the-silent-partners-in-diplomacy/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2025 anthologies]]<br />
[[Category:Westland Books books]]<br />
[[Category:Non-fiction books about diplomacy]]<br />
[[Category:English-language non-fiction books]]<br />
[[Category:2025 non-fiction books]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Being_Different&diff=490332Being Different2026-03-09T01:19:34Z<p>KatherinDenmark: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Book by Rajiv Malhotra}}<br />
{{about||the Canadian documentary film|Being Different (film)}}<br />
{{Infobox book<br />
| name = Being Different: An Indian Challenge to Western Universalism<br />
| title_orig =<br />
| translator =<br />
| image = Malhotra-Being-Different-2011-FRONT-COVER.jpg<br />
| image_size =<br />
| caption =<br />
| author = [[Rajiv Malhotra]]<br />
| illustrator =<br />
| cover_artist =<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = English<br />
| series =<br />
| subject =<br />
| genre = <!--- GENRE ---><br />
| published = 2011, [[HarperCollins]] Publishers India a joint venture with The India Today Group<br />
| media_type =<br />
| pages = 474<br />
| isbn = 978-9350291900<br />
| oclc = 769101673<br />
| website = {{URL|http://beingdifferentbook.com}}<br />
}}<br />
'''''Being Different: An Indian Challenge to Western Universalism''''' is a 2011 book by [[Rajiv Malhotra]], an Indian-American author, philanthropist and public speaker, published by [[HarperCollins]]. The book reverts the gaze of the [[western culture]]s on India, repositioning India from being the observed to the observer, by looking at the West from a [[Dharma|Dharmic]] point of view.<br />
<br />
==About the book==<br />
Malhotra intends to give a critique of western culture, by comparing it with Indian culture, as seen from a 'Dharmic point of view.' To accomplish this goal, he postulates a set of characteristics of western culture, and a set of characteristics of Indian culture and religion, characterised as "Dharmic." Malhotra explains that in ''Being Different'',<br />
{{blockquote|'Dharma' is used to indicate a family of spiritual traditions originating in India which today are manifested as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. I explain that the variety of perspectives and practices of dharma display an underlying integral unity at the metaphysical level.{{sfn|Malhotra|2011|p=3}}}}<br />
<br />
Malhotra summarizes his rationale for treating Dharmic traditions as a family, contrasting the family of Dharmic traditions with Abrahamic religions. He constructs their differences from this 'Dharmic perspective,' thereby 'reversing the gaze.'{{sfn|Malhotra|2012|p=371}} Malhotra clarifies that he is not replacing a West-centric view with a Dharma-centric view by proposing the reversal of gaze.{{sfn|Malhotra|2012|p=375}} Malhotra explains that he seeks a dialogue, where the world civilizations are not merely seen from the viewpoint of the West, but the west is also seen from a non-western, c.q. 'dharmic' point of view.{{sfn|Malhotra|2012|p=371}}<br />
<br />
Malhotra calls for mutual respect as a higher standard for pluralism than tolerance. Mutual respect does not call for acceptance of beliefs held by others, only to have genuine respect for difference, because, beliefs are not facts.<ref group=web>{{cite news |author=Rajiv Malhotra |title='Tolerance Isn't Good Enough' |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rajiv-malhotra/hypocrisy-of-tolerance_b_792239.html |work=Huffington Post}}</ref> Malhotra explains why this gaze from the other side benefits the West,{{sfn|Malhotra|2012|p=373}} explaining that he<br />
{{blockquote|... hopes to set the terms for a deeper and more informed engagement between dharmic and Western civilizations."{{sfn|Malhotra|2011|p=2}}}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Malhotra identifies "six distinct and fundamental points of divergence between the dharmic traditions and the West."<ref group=web name="bdcom-synopsis">[http://beingdifferentbook.com/synopsis/ beingdifferentbook.com, ''Synopsis'']</ref> Malhotra argues that understanding these six points of divergence is crucial to recognizing the fallacy of facile sameness arguments and to understanding senselessness of inculturation efforts.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} These points of divergence are:<ref group=web name="bdcom-synopsis" /><ref group=web name="Patheos Book Club" /><br />
# Approaches to difference<br />
# History-centrism versus inner sciences<br />
# Integral versus synthetic unity<br />
# The nature of chaos and uncertainty<br />
# Translatability vs. Sanskrit<br />
# Western universalism challenged<br />
<br />
===Divergence 1: Approaches to difference===<br />
According to Malhotra, there is a pervasive anxiety in the west over personal and cultural differences. Therefore, the west tries to assimilate and convert "all that does not fit its fundamental paradigms."<ref group=web name="bdcom-synopsis" /> According to Malhotra, this anxiety is grounded in schisms which are inherent in the western worldview. In contrast, "Dharmic traditions [...] are historically more comfortable with differences."<ref group=web name="bdcom-synopsis" /><br />
<br />
===Divergence 2: History Centrism versus inner sciences===<br />
According to Malhotra, Dharmic traditions rely on adhyatma-vidya,{{refn|group=note|"Sciences of spirituality,"<ref group=web>[http://www.britannica.com/topic/adhyatmavidya Encyclopædia Britannica, ''Adhyatmavidya'']</ref> "True, Genuine and Authentic Spiritual Knowledge."<ref group=web>[http://adhyatmavidya.com/ adhyatmavidya.com]</ref>}} while the [[Abrahamic religions]] rely on God's interventions in human history.<ref group=web>{{cite web| author =Rajiv Malhotra |title=Problematizing God's Interventions In History|url=http://creative.sulekha.com/problematizing-god-s-interventions-in-history_103442_blog}}</ref> For followers of history-centric (Abrahamic) religions, truth-claims based on history are more significant than the scriptural message itself. History-centric dogma such as original sin and resurrection become critical beliefs and no compromise can be made on their acceptance. This explains the centrality of Nicene creed to all major Christian denominations. Followers of history-centric religions believe that the God revealed His message through a special prophet and that the message is secured in scriptures. This special access to God is available only to these intermediaries or prophets and not to any other human beings.<ref group=web>{{cite web| author =Rajiv Malhotra |title=Problematizing God's Interventions In History|url=http://creative.sulekha.com/problematizing-god-s-interventions-in-history_103442_blog}}</ref><br />
<br />
Dharma traditions do not hold history central to their faith. Gautama Buddha emphasized that his enlightenment was merely a discovery of a reality that is always there. He was not bringing any new covenants from any God. The history of the Buddha is not necessary for Buddhist principles to work. In fact, Buddha stated that he was neither the first nor the last person to have achieved the state of enlightenment. He also asserted that he was not God nor sent by any God as a prophet, and whatever he discovered was available to every human to discover for himself. This makes Buddhism not History-Centric.<br />
<br />
Malhotra explains how history-centrism or lack of it has implications for religious absolutist exclusivity vs. flexible pluralism: {{blockquote|Abrahamic religions claim that we can resolve the human condition only by following the lineage of prophets arising from the Middle East. All other teachings and practices are required to be reconciled with this special and peculiar history. By contrast, the dharmic traditions – Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism -- do not rely on history in the same absolutist and exclusive way. This dharmic flexibility has made fundamental pluralism possible which cannot occur within the constraints of history centrism, at least as understood so far.<ref group=web>{{cite news |author=Rajiv Malhotra |title=Dharma and the new Pope |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rajiv-malhotra/dharma-and-the-new-pope_b_2755683.html |work=Huffington Post}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
===Divergence 3: Integral versus synthetic unity===<br />
Both Western and Dharmic civilizations have cherished unity as an ideal, but with a different emphasis. Here, Malhotra posits a crucial distinction between what he considers a "synthetic unity" that gave rise to a static intellectualistic Worldview in the West positioning itself as the Universal and an "integrative unity" that gave rise to a dynamically oriented Worldview based on Dharma.{{sfn|Tilak|2012}} While the former is characterized by a "top-down" essentialism embracing everything a priori, the latter is a "bottom-up" approach acknowledging the dependent co-origination of alternative views of the human and the divine, the body and the mind, and the self and society.<br />
<br />
===Divergence 4: The nature of chaos and uncertainty===<br />
Dharma philosophical systems are highly systematized in their approach to understanding ultimate reality and in carefully addressing what one can know through various means of knowledge. However, this rigor does not restrict their freedom in being comfortable with social organization. Indians exhibit remarkable openness to self-organization and decentralization. Malhotra explains the basis for this openness: {{blockquote|Hinduism weaves multiple narratives around the central motif of cooperative rivalry between order (personified as devas) and chaos (personified as asuras). A key myth shared by all the dharma traditions – the 'churning of the milky ocean,' or ''samudra-manthan'' – shows the eternal struggle between two poles. The milky ocean is the ocean of consciousness and creativity, which is to be churned in order to obtain amrita, or the nectar of eternal life."<ref group=web>{{cite news |author=Rajiv Malhotra |title=Order, chaos and creation |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/Order-chaos-and-creation/articleshow/10552328.cms |work=The Times Of India}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Dharma actually recognises the need for both Order and Chaos to co-exist in the universe. In the story<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/Order-chaos-and-creation/articleshow/10552328.cms |work=The Times Of India |title=Order, chaos and creation – The Times of India}}</ref> Prajapati attempts to create the Universe keeping Order and Chaos in dynamic balance. His initial attempts fail because they're too ''Jami''/homogenous or too ''Prthak''/different. Finally he gets the combination just-right by using the principle of ''Bandhuta/[[Bandhu]]'' i.e. binding together dissimilar things by what is common across all things in the entire creation.<br />
<br />
=== Divergence 5: Translatability vs. Sanskrit ===<br />
Malhotra identifies various non-translatables in Sanskrit that have been mapped into Abrahamic religious concepts. These mis-translations then are used to draw sameness arguments or to denounce Hinduism. Malhotra explains that<br />
<br />
{{blockquote|In the fashionable search for sameness in all religions, Holy Spirit in Christianity is often equated with Shakti or kundalini in Hinduism. However, these terms represent different, even incompatible cosmologies. Christianity assumes an inherent dualism between God and creation. This necessitates historical revelations along with prophets, priests and institutions to bring us the truth. But Shakti, being all-pervading, obviates dependence on these; its experience can be discovered by going within through yoga.<ref group=web>{{cite web |author=Rajiv Malhotra |title='Holy Spirit' is not the same as 'Shakti' or 'Kundalini' |url=http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Hinduism/Articles/Holy-Spirit-is-not-the-same-as-Shakti-or-Kundalini.aspx?p=1}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Malhotra gives example of a list of Sanskrit non-translatables and goes on to provide key differences in their original meaning and the most common translated word in English. For example,{{sfn|Malhotra|2011|p=251-306}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Sr. No. !! Sanskrit non-translatable !! Most common English translation<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || [[Brahman]] and [[Ishwara]] || [[God]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || [[Shiva]] || [[Personifications of death|Destroyer]]<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || [[Ātman (Hinduism)|Atman]] || [[Soul]] or Spirit<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || [[Veda]] || [[Bible]] or [[Gospel]]<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || [[Dharma]] || [[Religion]] or [[Law]]<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || [[Jāti]] and [[Varna (Hinduism)|Varna]] || [[Caste]]<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || [[Aum]] || [[Amen]], [[Allah]] etc.<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || [[Dukkha]] || [[Suffering]]<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || [[Avatar]] || [[Jesus]]<br />
|-<br />
| 10 || [[Shakti]] or [[Kundalini]] || [[Holy Spirit]]<br />
|-<br />
| 11 || [[Rishi]], [[Guru]] or [[Yogi]] || [[Prophet]] or [[Saint|Christian Saint]]<br />
|-<br />
| 12 || [[Devatas]] || [[Pagan|Pagan Gods]]<br />
|-<br />
| 13 || [[Murtis]] || [[Cult image|Idols]]<br />
|-<br />
| 14 || [[Yajna]] || [[Sacrifice|Christian Sacrifice]]<br />
|-<br />
| 15 || [[Karma]] || [[Redemptive suffering|Western Notion of Suffering]]<br />
|-<br />
| 16 || [[Karma]] || [[Redemption (theology)|Redemption]]<br />
|-<br />
| 17 || [[Yoga|Karma-Yoga]] || [[Good Works|Christian Works]]<br />
|-<br />
| 18 || [[Jivanmukti]] or [[Moksha]] || [[Salvation]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Divergence 6: Western universalism challenged===<br />
Malhotra claims that refuting Western Universalism is one of the most important objectives of his book, the conscious effort from American and European individuals to make the rest of the world fit into the template provided by these civilizations. He claims that all people and culture are forced into the various schemes put forward to bring this about and asserts that modern laws, regulation, conventions and common practices are formed, whether consciously or not with Western Universalism in mind.<br />
<br />
Malhotra then goes on to provide a case study of Germany for Western digestion and synthesis. He claims that late 18th and early 19th century saw a special interest in ancient India in European academia now called as Romantic movement and Indic origin of European culture started to compete with the earlier held Semitic origin. To satisfy German cultural and religious egotistic interests various German Romantic thinkers like [[Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel|K. W. F. Schlegel]] and [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|G. W. F. Hegel]] slowly digested Indic ideas, like [[monism]], and presented a caricature of India as the 'frozen other'. Malhotra says Hegel presented, "The ''[[Weltgeist]]'' or World Spirit is, in effect the protagonist of this history, and the West is extraordinary because it is destined to lead this journey while all other civilizations must follow or perish." He claims this narrative gave the West its privileges and those who doesn't fit into this scheme are not a part of history, even though the Spirit may use (parts of) them.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hegel |first1=G. W. F. |title=Phenomenology of Spirit. |date=1977}}</ref> Malhotra alleges "He (Hegel) laboriously criticizes Sanskrit and Indian civilization, arguing with European Indologists with the aim of assimilating some ideas (such as [[absolute idealism]]) into his own philosophy) while postulating India as the inferior other in order to construct his theory of the West. Asia's place in history is as an infant, whereas the West is mature and everyone's eventual destination." This argument led to justification of colonialism as a [[Teleology|teleological imperative]] by which the superior Europeans must appropriate others. For example, Hegel argues it is better for Africans to remain enslaved until they pass through a process of maturation that culminates in their total conversion to Christianity.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schlegel |first1=K. W. F. |title=The Philosophy of History |date=1859 |page=120}}</ref> Hegel regarded colonization as India's inevitable fate and was declared 'static' and incapable of progress by itself, and it was up to the West to colonize and 'operate' on her for her own benefit. Hegel's perception of India as stagnant and lacking history was perpetuated by [[Karl Marx]], who described India as caught in the 'Asiatic Mode of Production'.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marx |first1=Karl |title=The British Rule in India |url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1853/06/25.htm |access-date=2 November 2015 |publisher=New-York Herald Tribune |date=1853}}</ref> Hegel writes, 'The Germanic Spirit (germanische Geist) is the Spirit of the New World (neuen Welt), whose end is the realization of the absolute truth... The destiny of the Germanic people is that of serving as the bearer of the Christian principle'.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hegel |first1=G. W. F. |title=Lectures on the Philosophy of World History |date=1982 |page=341}}</ref> Thus Hegel establishes that while the West is pure, some westerners (Germans) are purer than others. As [[Wilhelm Halbfass|Halbfass]] explains, 'European thought has to provide the context and categories for the exploration of all traditions of thought',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Halbfass |first1=Wilhelm |title=India and Europe : An Essay in Understanding |date=1988 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0887067952 |page=96}}</ref> which Malhotra argues sees the digestion of Indian civilization into Western categories as both natural and desirable. Malhotra also writes that, after Hegel's death his sweeping Eurocentric accounts of history was extrapolated which culminates at the Aryan identity. Malhtora states,<br />
<br />
{{blockquote|Hegel's theory of history has led to liberal Western supremacy, which hides behind the notion of providing the 'universals'. These European Enlightenment presuppositions became incorporated in the confluence of academic philosophy, philology, social theories and 'scientific' methodologies – all of which were driven by various imperial and colonial values alongside Christian theology.}}<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
Several reviews of ''Being Different'' have been published in academic periodicals, that include reviews by Campbell,{{sfn|Campbell|2012}} Wiebe,{{sfn|Wiebe|2012}} Rai,{{sfn|Rai|Prakash|2013}} and [[T. S. Rukmani|Rukmani]].{{sfn|Rukmani|2011}} A special issue of the ''[[International Journal of Hindu Studies]]'' was dedicated to discussing ''Being Different'',{{sfn|Springer|2012}} and included articles by<br />
Nicholas F. Gier,{{sfn|Gier|2012}} Shrinivas Tilak,{{sfn|Tilak|2012}} Gerald James Larson,{{sfn|Larson|2012}}<br />
Rita M. Gross, {{sfn|Gross|2012}} Robert A. Yelle,{{sfn|Yelle|2012}} and Cleo McNelly Kearns,{{sfn|Kearns|2012}}<br />
as well as a nearly 40-page response by Malhotra.{{sfn|Malhotra|2012}}{{refn|group=note|The publisher of ''Being Different'' also quotes comments about the book from John M. Hobson, [[Francis X. Clooney]], D. R. Sardesai, Don Wiebe, [[Makarand Paranjape|Makarand R. Paranjape]], [[Kapila Vatsyayan]], Satya Narayan Das, Rita Sherma, [[Sampadananda Mishra]], and others.<ref group=web name="bookweb">[http://beingdifferentbook.com/ ''Being Different'' website] (accessed 8 April 2013)</ref> In addition to appearing on the book website,<ref group=web name="bookweb" /> quotes appear in the opening pages, in a section entitled "Praise for the Book" that precedes the title page, from Gerald James Larson, Don Wiebe, Makarand R. Paranjape, Cleo Kearns, Kapila Vatsyayan, Satya Narayan Das, Shrinivas Tilak, Rita Sherma, and Sampadananda Mishra.}}<br />
<br />
In February 2012, Patheos Book Club hosted a discussion of Being Different on their website. <ref group=web name="Patheos Book Club">{{cite web |title=Patheos Book Club – Being Different |url=http://www.patheos.com/Books/Book-Club/Rajiv-Malhotra-Being-Different.html}}</ref><br />
<br />
===International Journal of Hindu Studies===<br />
====Cleo McNelly Kearns====<br />
<br />
According to Kearns, Malhotra puts forward a valuable challenge to Christian theology.{{sfn|Kearns|2012|p=349-368}} She also notes that Malhotra himself adds to the "[[binary thinking]]" which he rejects.{{sfn|Kearns|2012|p=349-368}}<br />
<br />
==== Rita M. Gross ====<br />
According to [[Rita Gross]], Malhotra has located "one of the most urgent tasks for human survival", namely the ability to accommodate diversity without judging one culture over another as superior or inferior.{{sfn|Gross|2012|p=323-334}}<br />
<br />
==== Shrinivas Tilak ====<br />
Tilak is appreciative of the "counterreading"{{sfn|Tilak|2012|p=306}} that Malhotra offers. According to Tilak, Malhotra "gives voice to Indic subjects who have been silenced or transformed by nineteenth century and contemporary Indological filters.{{sfn|Tilak|2012|p=306}} Tilak uses the term ''Dharmacatuskam'', "House of Dharma with Its Four Wings (Dharmas)",{{sfn|Tilak|2012|p=291}} to denote the sense of integration that underlies the Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism traditions.{{sfn|Tilak|2012|p=291}} Tilak points out that Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism offer various approaches to dharma, which are "not unitary but composite".{{sfn|Tilak|2012|p=295}}<br />
<br />
====Gerald James Larson====<br />
[[Gerald James Larson]] is critical of Malhotra's presentation of "differences". According to Larson,<br />
Malhotra ignores the differences, to arrive at an "integral unity" "that is little more than a Neo-Vedanta or Neo-Hindu reading of the Bhagavad Gita documented with numerous citations from Aurobindo." Larson calls this the "Brahmin imaginary",{{refn|group=note|Doniger: "It is often convenient to speak of a Brahmin-oriented quasi-orthodoxy (or ortho-praxy [...]), which we might call the Brahmin imaginary or the idealized system of class and life stage (''varna-ashrama-dharma''). but whatever we call this constructed center, it is, like the empty center in the Zen diagram of Hinduisms, simply an imaginary point around which we orient all the actual Hindus who accept or oppose it; it is what Indian logicians call the straw man (''purva paksha''), against whom argues. The actual beliefs and practices of Hindus – renunciation, devotion, sacrifice, and so many more – are peripheries that the imaginary Brahmin center cannot hold.{{sfn|Doniger|2010|p=29-30}}}} the standard Brahmanical view of Indic religion and philosophy in its [[Neo-Vedanta|Neo-Hindu]] understanding.{{sfn|Larson|2012|p=313}} According to Larson, the "Brahmin imaginary" is an imagined "integral unity" that is adhered to only by a cultural elite, with very little reality "on the ground", as it were, throughout the centuries of cultural development in the South Asian region.{{sfn|Larson|2012|p=313}} Larson also criticises the use of the term "Dharma traditions" or "dharmic systems", which ignores the differences between the various Indian religions.{{sfn|Larson|2012|p=313}} Larson ends his review with the recommendation to move toward a future in which "being different" really reflects the "differences' in Indic religion and thought, "in a manner that challenges but also learns from the ongoing interactions with "the West.""{{sfn|Larson|2012|p=320}}<br />
<br />
====Robert A. Yelle====<br />
Robert A. Yelle is highly critical of Malhotra's approach. According to Yelle, "there is little, if any, original scholarship in the book. It is the work of a polemicist," who uses western scholarship when criticizing the West, but ignores this scholarship when he presents his own nativist vision of "dharmic traditions." According to Yelle, Malhotra's vision is a mirror image of [[Orientalism]], namely [[Occidentalism]].{{sfn|Yelle|2012|p=337-338}} Robert A. Yelle also criticises Malhotra for his use of the term "dharmic traditions".{{sfn|Yelle|2012}} According to Yelle, Malhotra ignores the differences that exist among and within the various traditions of India. According to Yelle, Malhotra presents a thoroughly homogenized ideal of Hinduism, based on a limited choice of aspects from Vedanta philosophy and Yoga.{{sfn|Yelle|2012|p=338-339}} Yelle ends his review with the remark that there has been a gradual improvement in Western scholars' knowledge of Indian traditions. To come to a real dialogue, Indians must also be willing to look in the mirror, and be open to self-criticism.{{sfn|Yelle|2012|p=346}}<br />
<br />
====Nicholas F. Gier====<br />
Gier criticizes Malhotra for ignoring profound differences between Dharmic traditions in seeing an integral unity. Gier notices that Malhotra himself admits that there are ‘profound differences in theory and practice' in the Dharma traditions. According to Gier, this undermines Malhotra's principal claim that these philosophical schools are "integral".{{sfn|Gier|2012}}<br />
<br />
===Other peer-reviewed reviews===<br />
====Brian Campbell====<br />
In the ''Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford'', Brian Campbell wrote that the book succeeds in fulfilling only one of its four goals. According to Campbell, it gives a simplistic view of modern colonialism. It also fails to reverse the gaze, and to apply dharmic categories to Western socio-cultural reality. According to Campbell, Malhotra does<br />
succeed in tracing the difference between Western and Oriental thought.{{sfn|Campbell|2012|p=225}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Rajiv Malhotra]]<br />
* ''[[Invading the Sacred]]''<br />
* ''[[Breaking India]]''<br />
* ''[[Indra's Net (book)|Indra's Net]]''<br />
* ''[[Hinduism Invades America]]''<br />
* [[Hindu American Foundation]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|group=note|2}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|20em}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
===Printed sources===<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{citation |last=Campbell |first=Brian |year=2012 |title=Review of Being Different: An Indian challenge to Western Universalism, by Rajiv Malhotra |journal=[[Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford]] |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=222–225 |url=http://www.anthro.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/ISCA/JASO/Reviews_4-2.pdf |issn=2040-1876 |access-date=8 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074436/http://www.anthro.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/ISCA/JASO/Reviews_4-2.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{Citation |last=Doniger |first=Wendy |year=2010 |title=The Hindus: An Alternative History |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nNsXZkdHvXUC&q=history+of+hinduism |isbn=9780199593347}}<br />
* {{citation |first=Nicholas F. |last=Gier |year=2012 |title=Overreaching to be different: A critique of Rajiv Malhotra's Being Different |journal=[[International Journal of Hindu Studies]] |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=259–285 |doi=10.1007/s11407-012-9127-x |s2cid=144711827 |issn=1022-4556}}<br />
* {{citation |first=Rita M. |last=Gross |year=2012 |title=Being Different: An Indian Challenge to Western Universalism |journal=[[International Journal of Hindu Studies]] |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=323–334 |doi=10.1007/s11407-012-9128-9 |s2cid=144307510 |issn=1022-4556}}<br />
* {{citation |first=Cleo McNelly |last=Kearns |year=2012 |title=Christianity, History and the Dharma in Rajiv Malhotra's Being Different |journal=[[International Journal of Hindu Studies]] |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=349–368 |doi=10.1007/s11407-012-9131-1 |s2cid=143348788 |issn=1022-4556}}<br />
* {{Citation |last=Larson |first=Gerald James |title=The Issue of Not ''Being Different'' Enough: Some Reflections on Rajiv Malhotra's ''Being Different'' |journal=International Journal of Hindu Studies |volume=16 |issue=3 |date=December 2012 |pages=311–322 |url=http://geraldjameslarson.com/pdf/Being_Different_Journal_Hindu_Studies.pdf|doi=10.1007/s11407-012-9129-8 |s2cid=144728948 }}<br />
* {{Citation |last=Malhotra |first=Rajiv |year=2011 |title=Being Different: An Indian Challenge to Western Universalism |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India}}<br />
* {{Citation |last=Malhotra |first=Rajiv |title=Author's Response: The Question of Dharmic Coherence |journal=International Journal of Hindu Studies |volume=16 |issue=3 |date=December 2012 |pages=369–408 |doi=10.1007/s11407-012-9132-0|doi-access=free }}<br />
* {{citation |last1=Rai |first1=Rishabh |last2=Prakash |first2=Anand |title=Being Different: An Indian Challenge to Western Universalism. Rajiv Malhotra |journal=[[Psychological Studies]] |date=21 May 2013 |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=201–205 |doi=10.1007/s12646-013-0189-7|s2cid=141650314 }}<br />
* {{citation |last1=Rukmani |first1=T. S. |author-link=T. S. Rukmani |title=Book Review: "Being Different: An Indian Challenge to Western Universalism" |journal=Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies |date=29 November 2011 |volume=24 |page=13 |doi=10.7825/2164-6279.1490|doi-access=free }}<br />
* {{citation |last=Tilak |first=Shrinivas |year=2012 |title=Differing Worldviews (Western and Dharmic) in Rajiv Malhotra's Being Different |journal=[[International Journal of Hindu Studies]] |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=287–310 |doi=10.1007/s11407-012-9130-2 |s2cid=143869600 |issn=1022-4556}}<br />
* {{citation |last=Wiebe |first=Donald |year=2012 |title=Review of Being Different: An Indian challenge to Western Universalism, by Rajiv Malhotra |journal=[[Toronto Journal of Theology]] |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=182 |doi=10.1353/tjt.2012.0011 |s2cid=144338156 |issn=1918-6371}}, {{ISSN|0826-9831}}<br />
* {{Citation |last=Yelle |first=Robert A. |title=Comparative Religion as Cultural Combat: Occidentalism and Relativism in Rajiv Malhotra's ''Being Different'' |journal=International Journal of Hindu Studies |volume=16 |issue=3 |date=December 2012 |pages=335–348|doi=10.1007/s11407-012-9133-z |s2cid=144950049 }}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
===Web-sources===<br />
{{reflist|group=web}}<br />
<br />
* {{cite web |author=Springer |title=International Journal of Hindu Studies, volume 16, issue 3 |url=https://link.springer.com/journal/11407/volumes-and-issues/16-3 |date=2012}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
'''Being Different'''<br />
*[http://beingdifferentbook.com ''Being Different'' (book website)]<br />
*[https://philpapers.org/archive/CHAROB-6.pdf Review of ''Being Different''] in ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170606154447/http://www.advaitaashrama.org/pbmonthly Prabuddha Bharata]'' by Subhasis Chattopadhyay.<br />
<br />
'''Rajiv Malhotra'''<br />
* [http://rajivmalhotra.com/ rajivmalhotra.com]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131217004737/http://infinityfoundation.com/index.shtml The Infinity Foundation]<br />
* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rajiv-malhotra/# Huffington Post - Blog by Rajiv Malhotra]<br />
<br />
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[[Category:2011 non-fiction books]]<br />
[[Category:Books about Buddhism]]<br />
[[Category:Books about Hinduism]]<br />
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[[Category:HarperCollins books]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Elephant_Point&diff=490128Battle of Elephant Point2026-03-07T16:33:38Z<p>KatherinDenmark: creating new article</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Part of Burma Campaign during World War 2}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox military conflict<br />
| conflict = Battle of Elephant Point<br />
| partof = [[Operation Dracula]], the [[Burma campaign]] of [[World War II]]<br />
| image = The War in the Far East- the Burma Campaign 1941-1945 SE8365.jpg<br />
| image_size = 300px<br />
| caption = Gurkha paratroopers check their equipment before being dropped on a series of strategic points around Rangoon<br />
| date = 1 May 1945<br />
| place = Near [[Rangoon]]<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|16.45|N|96.32|E|type:event_region:MM|display=inline,title}}<br />
| map_type = <br />
| latitude = <br />
| longitude = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_label = <br />
| territory = <br />
| result = [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] victory<br />
| status = <br />
| combatant1 = {{flag|United Kingdom}}<br>{{flagcountry|British Raj}}<br />
| combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}<br />
| combatant3 = <br />
| commander1 = {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[Major (rank)|Major]] Jack Newland<br />
| commander2 = {{Flagicon|Empire of Japan|army}} Unknown<br />
| commander3 = <br />
| strength1 = Composite parachute battalion<br />
| strength2 = Japanese forces<br />
| strength3 = <br />
| casualties1 = Disputed (see notes)<br />
| casualties2 = Disputed (see notes)<br />
| casualties3 = <br />
| notes = First major airborne operation by [[44th Airborne Division (India)|44th Indian Airborne Division]]<br />
|campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Burma}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Battle of Elephant Point''' was an [[airborne warfare|airborne operation]] at the mouth of the [[Rangoon River]] conducted by a composite [[Gurkha]] airborne battalion that took place on 1 May 1945. In March 1945, plans were made for an assault on [[Rangoon]], the capital of [[Burma]], as a stepping-stone on the way to recapturing [[British Malaya|Malaya]] and [[Singapore]]. Initial plans for the assault on the city had called for a purely land-based approach by [[British Fourteenth Army]], but concerns about heavy Japanese resistance led to this being modified with the addition of a joint amphibious-airborne assault. This assault, led by [[Indian 26th Infantry Division|26th Indian Division]], would sail up the Rangoon River, but before it could do so, the river would have to be cleared of Japanese and British mines. In order to achieve this, coastal defences along the river would have to be neutralized, including a battery at Elephant Point.<br />
<br />
This task was given to the [[44th Airborne Division (India)|44th Indian Airborne Division]]. However, as the division was in the middle of a reorganisation, a composite battalion was formed from two Gurkha parachute battalions. The battalion assembled and trained throughout April, and was then dropped near Elephant Point early in the morning of 1 May. As it advanced towards the battery one of the battalion's companies was attacked by American bombers, causing a number of casualties. Despite this friendly fire incident, and torrential rain, the battalion successfully assaulted Elephant Point, neutralising the battery there after a fierce firefight. The battalion held the area around Elephant Point until 2 May, when the 26th Indian Division conducted its amphibious assault up the river and secured Rangoon.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
{{Main|Operation Dracula}}<br />
<br />
On 22 March, as the joint [[Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay|battles of Meiktila and Mandalay]] were drawing to a close, a conference was held at [[Monywa]] in Burma, attended by senior Allied military figures including Admiral [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Mountbatten]], the commander in chief of the Allied [[South East Asia Command]], and [[General]] [[William Slim]], commander of [[British Fourteenth Army|Fourteenth Army]]. The object of the conference was to discuss future Allied strategy in South East Asia in the aftermath of Meiktila and Mandalay, including the reconquest of [[Burma]] and the retaking of [[British Malaya|Malaya]] and then [[Singapore]]. In order to secure these objectives however, [[Rangoon]], the capital of Burma, would have to be captured before the onset of the [[monsoon]] rains, which would impede any Allied advance over land. The Allied Chiefs of Staff worked on the assumption that this would occur before June.<ref name=Allen459>Allen, p. 459</ref> After Rangoon had fallen, a force of between four and five divisions would be landed in Western Malaya in an operation code-named [[Operation Zipper|Zipper]], which would itself be followed by [[Operation Mailfist|Mailfist]], the capture of Singapore.<ref name=Allen460>Allen, p. 460</ref><br />
<br />
To accommodate all of these goals, Mountbatten insisted that Rangoon be taken by May.<ref name=Allen460/> Slim had initially planned to take the city in a pincer movement, with [[XXXIII Corps (British India)|XXXIII Corps]] advancing towards the city down the east bank of the Irrawaddy river via [[Hlegu]], and [[IV Corps (United Kingdom)|IV Corps]] taking a shorter route along the [[Sittaung River|Sittang River]] valley to the east. Slim believed that the Japanese had insufficient forces to block both thrusts, and that one of the corps would therefore be able to capture Rangoon.<ref name=Allen459/> However, Mountbatten was unsure that a purely overland advance would be successful, and believed that a joint airborne-amphibious assault would therefore be the better option. Slim and others, such as Slim's superior, General [[Oliver Leese]] (commander of [[11th Army Group|Allied Land Forces, South East Asia]]), initially opposed such an operation, fearing that it would divert vital resources from the Fourteenth Army. By the time of the meeting at Monywa, however, Slim had come around to Mountbatten's way of thinking, fearing that a purely overland advance would meet fierce Japanese resistance, as it had at Meiktila, and be delayed at the end of an overextended supply line. As such, Slim believed that a combined airborne and amphibious assault occurring as the Fourteenth Army neared Rangoon would be ideal, arguing that it would be "a hammering at the back door while I burst in at the front."<ref name=Allen461>Allen, p. 461</ref> On 2 April orders were issued for the operation to go ahead, with the proviso that Rangoon be in Allied hands by 5 May at the latest.<ref>Latimer, pp. 407–409</ref><br />
<br />
===Planning===<br />
The joint operation was christened Dracula, and its schedule was decided by the [[Royal Navy]], under the command of [[Admiral]] [[Arthur Power]], who was responsible for the amphibious portion of the assault on Rangoon. Several problems had to be overcome during the planning for the operation. The first, and the least likely, was that the amphibious assault would be intercepted by elements of the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] as it neared Rangoon.<ref name=Allen467>Allen, p. 467</ref> To ensure that the amphibious elements would remain unmolested, 21 Carrier Squadron, commanded by [[Commodore (Royal Navy)|Commodore]] G.N. Oliver was attached to provide fighter cover for the landings; the squadron consisted of four [[escort carrier]]s, two cruisers and four destroyers. Operating further out would be [[3rd Battle Squadron (United Kingdom)|3rd Battle Squadron]], commanded by Vice Admiral Walker, which was formed of two battleships, {{HMS|Queen Elizabeth|1913|6}} and the [[Free French]] [[French battleship Richelieu|battleship ''Richelieu'']], as well another two escort carriers, four cruisers and six destroyers. Two days prior to Dracula taking place, this "massive naval screen" bombed several ports and airfields, and also engaged a Japanese troop convoy transporting more than one thousand Japanese troops to nearby Moulmein, sinking all the vessels. The [[Royal Air Force]] would provide support in the form of two RAF long-range fighter Wings, and the [[United States Army Air Forces]] with eight [[B-24 Liberator]] and four [[B-25 Mitchell]] bomber squadrons.<ref name=Allen467/><br />
<br />
Of more concern to Dracula's planners, however, were land-based threats to the landing craft carrying the assault troops of [[Indian 26th Infantry Division|26th Indian Division]].<ref name=Allen467/> Air support was deemed to be vital to the operation's success, and a number of Japanese airfields around [[Toungoo]] were captured in the days leading up to Dracula.<ref>Allen, p. 468</ref> There was also the problem of the defences in and around the Rangoon River, up which the landing craft were to sail. The river itself was heavily mined, a result of both Japanese defensive measures and RAF offensive operations earlier in the conflict. It would have to be swept and cleared of mines before any amphibious assault could take place. Before this could occur, however, the coastal defences along the banks of the river would have to be neutralized; a particular worry was the presence of an artillery battery at Elephant Point on the west bank of the river. The geography of the area ensured that the battery could not be destroyed through artillery bombardment or airstrikes, and weather conditions precluded an early amphibious assault.<ref name=Tugwell284>Tugwell, p. 284</ref> As such, it was decided that a day before Dracula began on 2 May, a parachute battalion would be dropped near Elephant Point with the task of assaulting and destroying the battery.<ref>Harclerode, p. 639</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Indian paratroops waiting to jump over Burma 1945.jpg|thumb|Indian paratroops waiting to jump over Rangoon, Burma, 1945.]]<br />
The task was given to [[44th Airborne Division (India)|44th Indian Airborne Division]], but this presented several problems. The division was in the middle of a reorganization, and many of its officers were on leave, as were two Gurkha airborne battalions; another, the [[Brigade of Gurkhas|3rd Gurkha Parachute Battalion]], was about to transfer to [[44th Airborne Division (India)|77th Indian Parachute Brigade]]. With no one unit available, a composite force was put together for the operation. The Headquarters Company was formed of men from 2nd and 3rd Gurkha parachute battalions, and each battalion provided a further two companies – A and B from 2nd Gurkha Parachute Battalion and C and D from 3rd Gurkha Parachute Battalion. A mortar platoon and machine gun platoon augmented the ad hoc formation.<ref>Harclerode, pp. 639–640</ref> The makeshift battalion was formed in early April, and came under the command of Major Jack Newland. After its initial formation it transferred to Chaklala, where its strength was augmented by field ambulance and [[Indian Army Corps of Engineers|Indian engineers]] sections and it undertook training for the operation. When this was completed the battalion was transported to Midnapore, where for ten days it assembled its equipment and conducted a rehearsal exercise. Finally, on 29 April, it was flown to Akyab on the Burmese coast, approximately 200 miles north of Rangoon, where it was soon joined by a 200-strong reserve force formed of men from both Gurkha battalions and [[44th Airborne Division (India)|152nd Indian Parachute Battalion]].<ref name=Harclerode640>Harclerode, p. 640</ref> The battalion would be transported in 40 [[C-47 Skytrain]] transport aircraft belonging to [[1st Air Commando Group|1st]] and [[2d Air Commando Group|2nd United States Air Commando groups]].<ref name=Tugwell284/><ref>https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D8402566</ref><br />
<br />
==Battle==<br />
[[File:ElephantPoint01.jpg|right|thumb|Men of the 15th Indian Corps land near Elephant Point at the beginning of operation "Dracula", 2 May 1945]]<br />
At 02:30 on 1 May, a [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|C-47]] belonging to 317 Tactical Control Squadron [[United States Army Air Forces|USAAF]] departed for Rangoon carrying a twenty-man pathfinder team, followed by a CCG (Company Command Group) plane carrying equipment to set up a pair of VCPs (Vehicle Check Point), to mark and defend the landing zone at Tawhai. The rest of the composite battalion boarded thirty-eight Dakotas and took off thirty minutes later, jumping out over the drop zone at 05:45. There were only a few casualties during the drop, one being a medical officer attached to the battalion.<ref name=Harclerode640/> The battalion encountered no Japanese opposition during the drop, and after it had rallied, advanced towards Elephant Point and the artillery battery. It halted 3,000 yards in front of the battery to allow B-24 Liberators from the USAAF to carry out a preliminary bombing attack on the battery (356 Squadron R.A.F., flying B-24 Liberators, attacked the battery prior to the assault, 12 aircraft bombing between 09:44 and 10:14 hrs. The Operation Record Book notes that two aircraft had already bombed prior to their arrival. From later photographic plotting of the bombing, 8 of the aircraft recorded strikes outside the exact target, including in the river).<ref>356 Squadron Operational Record Book, May 1945, AIR 27/1759/8</ref> Despite their officers and other ranks wearing yellow recognition panels and carrying orange umbrellas to identify themselves, C Company was bombed and strafed by the bombers, causing a number of casualties.<ref group="Note">Sources disagree on the exact number of casualties. Allen (p. 479) states that "over thirty casualties" were caused, whilst both Tugwell (p. 284) and Latimer (p. 414) give the figure of "forty casualties". Harclerode (p. 640) provides the exact figures of fifteen killed and thirty wounded.</ref> As a result, a forward air controller attached to the battalion ordered a halt to all further bombing runs on the battery.<ref name=Tugwell284/><ref name=Harclerode640/><br />
<br />
Moving forward through torrential rain,<ref>Allen, p. 479</ref> the battalion reached Elephant Point at 16:00, and close-quarters fighting then took place, with flame-throwers being used against several Japanese bunkers guarding the battery.<ref name=Tugwell285>Tugwell, p. 285</ref> About forty Japanese soldiers and gunners were killed during the assault, and the battalion also sustained several casualties.<ref group="Note">Once again, the figures given for Japanese casualties and prisoners vary. Tugwell (p. 285) states that forty-three Japanese soldiers were killed, while Harclerode (p. 461) states thirty-seven. Allen (p. 479) gives the figure of thirty-seven, but says that thirty-six were killed and one taken prisoner. British casualties are also varied. Tugwell (p. 285) gives the figure of seven casualties during the assault, and Harclerode (p. 461) a total of forty-one during the entire action, including the casualties caused by friendly fire.</ref> After the battery had been secured the battalion dug in around Elephant Point and awaited the arrival of the relief force, which landed at Thaunggon at 15:30, with a supply drop following it several minutes later. As it neared the position of the battalion, the surgical team accompanying the relief force was accidentally fired upon by the Gurkhas, causing four members of the team to be wounded. The battalion remained where it was through the night, although high tides submerged a number of trenches and forced the battalion to higher ground.<ref name=Harclerode641/> By the dawn of 2 May, after clearing a number of nearby bunkers, the battalion was able to watch as minesweepers cleared the Rangoon river of mines to allow safe access for the columns of landing craft following behind them.<ref name=Tugwell285/><br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
Operation Dracula was a complete success. As Japanese forces had actually vacated Rangoon several days prior to the amphibious landing; 36th Indian Infantry Brigade was able to occupy the city without encountering any Japanese opposition.<ref name=Harclerode641>Harclerode, p. 641</ref> On 3 May the composite battalion moved to Sadainghmut, and two days later, leaving one company behind, it was transferred to Rangoon where it conducted anti-looting operations and also searched for Japanese stragglers remaining in the city. It left the city on 16 May and travelled to India by ship, where it rejoined 44th Indian Airborne Division. The Battle of Elephant Point had been the division's first major airborne operation.<ref name=Harclerode641/> The 2nd Air Commando Group's C-47s, which had transported the parachute battalion, returned to [[Kalaikunda Air Force Station|Kalaikunda]] and then moved to [[Comilla]]. The 317th Tactical Control Squadron spent the next two weeks supplying XV Corps who were engaged with Japanese forces northeast of Rangoon and returned to Kalaikunda on 19 May. The group's fighter squadrons provided air cover for Rangoon until 9 May when they too returned to home station.<ref>Y'Blood (2008), pp. 195–198</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|group=Note}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
{{Refbegin}}<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Allen |first=Louis |title=Burma: The Longest War 1941–45 |publisher=Book Club Associates |year=1984|url= https://archive.org/details/burmalongestwar10000alle/page/478/mode/2up?q=%22Elephant+Point%22}}<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Harclerode |first=Peter |title=Wings Of War – Airborne Warfare 1918–1945 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |year=2005 |isbn=0-304-36730-3}}<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Latimer |first=Jon |title=Burma: The Forgotten War |publisher=John Murray |year=2004 |isbn=0-7195-6575-8}}<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Tugwell |first=Maurice |title=Airborne To Battle – A History Of Airborne Warfare 1918–1971 |publisher=William Kimber & Co Ltd |year=1971 |isbn=0-7183-0262-1}}<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Y'Blood |first=William T. |title=Air Commandos Against Japan: Allied Special Operations in World War II Burma |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-59114-993-4}}<br />
{{Refend}}<br />
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{{Good article}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Elephant Point, Battle of}}<br />
[[Category:Burma campaign (1944–1945)|Dracula]]<br />
[[Category:Battles and operations of World War II involving India]]<br />
[[Category:1945 in Burma]]<br />
[[Category:1945 in India]]<br />
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving Japan]]<br />
[[Category:Land battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom|Elephant Point]]<br />
[[Category:Aerial operations and battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:May 1945 in Asia]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solapur_Municipal_Corporation&diff=481356Solapur Municipal Corporation2026-03-07T13:31:36Z<p>KatherinDenmark: cleanup formatting after review and corrected details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Local civic body in Solapur, Maharashtra, India}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox legislature<br />
| background_color = orange<br />
| name = Solapur Municipal Corporation<br />
| native_name = ''Solapur Mahānagarpālikā''<br />
| native_name_lang = ma<br />
| coa_pic = Solapur-Municipal-Corporation.jpg<br />
| logo_caption = [[Emblem]] of Solapur Municipal Corporation<br />
| house_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]<br />
| body = Solapur<br />
| leader1_type = [[Mayor]]<br />
| established = 1963<br />
| leader1 = Vinayak Kondyal<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-02-06 |title=सोलापूर महापालिकेच्या महापौरपदी भाजपचे विनायक कोंड्याल यांची अविरोध निवड |url=https://www.lokmat.com/solapur/bjps-vinayak-kondyal-elected-unopposed-as-solapur-municipal-corporation-mayor-a-a941/ |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref><br />
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Mayor]]<br />
| leader2 = Dnyaneshwari Devkar<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-02-06 |title=सोलापूरच्या महापौरपदी भाजपचे विनायक कोंड्याल, तर उपमहापौरपदी ज्ञानेश्वरी देवकर यांची अविरोध निवड |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/solapur/vinayak-kondyal-elected-unopposed-as-solapur-mayor-dnyaneshwari-devkar-jaykumar-gore/articleshow/127984413.cms |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><br />
| party2 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| leader3_type = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]<br />
| leader3 = Dr. Sachin Ombase<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-07-16 |title=सोलापूर महापालिकेला नवे आयुक्त; शीतल तेली-उगले यांची बदली, सचिन ओम्बासे यांच्याकडे धुरा |url=https://www.lokmat.com/solapur/sheetal-teli-ugle-transferred-sachin-ombase-new-municipal-commissioner-of-solapur-a-a311-c653/ |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref><br />
| party3 = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<br />
| leader4_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Leader of House]]<br />
| leader4 = Narendra Kale<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-01-31 |title=सोलापूर महापालिकेत भाजपच्या गटनेतेपदी माजी विरोधी पक्षनेते नरेंद्र काळे यांची वर्णी |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/local/maharashtra/solapur/news/former-leader-of-opposition-narendra-kale-appointed-as-bjp-group-leader-137093810.html |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=Divya Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-01-31 |title=सोलापूर मनपा भाजप गटनेतेपदी नरेंद्र काळे; नवनिर्वाचित नगरसेवकांची विभागीय आयुक्तांसमोर ओळख परेड |url=https://pudhari.news/maharashtra/solapur/solapur-municipal-corporation-bjp-group-leader-narendra-kale-appointment-dc95 |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=Pudhari |language=mr}}</ref><br />
| party4 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| leader5_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Standing Committee Chairman]]<br />
| leader5 = Ranjita Chakote<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-02-10 |title=सोलापूर महानगरपालिका स्थायी समिती सभापतीपदी भाजपच्या रणजित चाकोते यांची बिनविरोध निवड |url=https://pudhari.news/maharashtra/solapur/ranjita-chakote-elected-unopposed-as-standing-committee-chairperson-sk95 |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=Pudhari |language=mr}}</ref><br />
| party5 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| members = 102<br />
| structure1 = India Maharashtra Solapur Municipal Corporation 2026.svg<br />
| structure1_res = 300px<br />
| political_groups1 = '''Government (87)'''<br />
:*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|87}}<br />
'''Opposition (15)'''<br />
:*{{Party legend|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|08}}<br />
:*{{Party legend|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|04}}<br />
:*{{Party legend|Nationalist Congress Party|01}}<br />
:*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|02}}<br />
| committees1 = {{flatlist|<br />
* Standing Committee<br />
* Ward Committees<br />
* Law Committee<br />
* City Development Committee<br />
* Women and Child Welfare Committee<br />
* Sports Committee<br />
}}<br />
| term_length = 5 years<br />
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1963}}<br />
| preceded_by = Solapur Municipal Council(1898-1963)<br />
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting]]<br />
| last_election1 = [[2025–26 Maharashtra local elections|15 January 2026]]<ref name="BMCjan2026">{{cite news <br />
|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bmc-elections-date-mumbai-to-vote-on-january-15-counting-on-january-16/articleshow/125979018.cms <br />
|title=BMC elections date: Mumbai to vote on January 15; counting on January 16 <br />
|newspaper=The Economic Times <br />
|date=2025-12-15 <br />
|access-date=2025-12-16 <br />
|location=Mumbai <br />
|quote=The election schedule for 29 municipal corporations in Maharashtra... Date of poll is 15th January, 2026, and counting of votes is on 16th January 2026.” The elections... will cover 2,869 seats across the 29 municipal corporations... Besides Mumbai, the municipal corporations going to polls include... Solapur...<br />
}}</ref><br />
| next_election1 = 2031<br />
| motto = ''नगर सेवा हीच ईश्वर सेवा'' ([[IAST]])<br />"Service to the city is service to the God"<br />
| session_room = <br />
| meeting_place = Indra Bhavan, Ambedkar Chowk, Railway Lines,<br />
Solapur - 413001<br />
| website = [http://www.solapurcorporation.gov.in Solapur Municipal Corporation]<br />
| coa_res = 100<br />
| logo_pic = <br />
}}<br />
'''Solapur Municipal Corporation''' is the governing body of the city of [[Solapur]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Solapur Municipality History and Establishment |url=https://www.solapurcorporation.gov.in/English/SMC%20history.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 |website=Solapur Municipal Corporation }}</ref> The [[municipal corporation]] consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a [[mayor]] and administers the city's infrastructure, public services and police. Members from the state's leading various political parties hold elected offices in the corporation.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2025}}<br />
Solapur Municipal Corporation is one of the oldest in India, established in 1860 as Solapur Municipality Council and granted Corporation status in 1963, after crossing threshold of 300,000 population.<br />
<br />
Solapur Municipal Corporation is the administrative body of Solapur city in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was established as Solapur Municipality Council in 1860.<br />
<br />
[[Solapur Municipal Transport (SMT)]] is the department under corporation which handles public transport in city which has allegations of scam in bus purchase.<br />
<br />
== Jurisdiction ==<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2025}}<br />
Presently, the jurisdiction of SMC encompasses an area of 178.57 sq. km., with a population of 12.27 lakh (estimated for the year 2021), which was 951,118 as per Census of India 2011. The city is divided into 8 administrative zones, 26 election wards, and 98 Census wards.<br />
<br />
=== Profile of city ===<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2025}}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Category<br />
!Details<br />
|-<br />
|Lakes<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|Govt. Hospital/Rural Hospital /Municipal Hospital<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|Maternity Home<br />
|9<br />
|-<br />
|Private Hospitals<br />
|250<br />
|-<br />
|Slums<br />
|220<br />
|-<br />
|Annual Budget<br />
|785 cr<br />
|-<br />
|Prabhags<br />
|51<br />
|-<br />
|Councillors<br />
|102+5<br />
|-<br />
|Gardens<br />
|18<br />
|-<br />
|Park<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|Playground<br />
|13<br />
|-<br />
|Stadium<br />
|3<br />
|-<br />
|Exhibition Ground<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|Swimming Pool<br />
|3<br />
|-<br />
|Zoo<br />
|1<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Administration and executive body ==<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2025}}<br />
[[File:Solapur Municipal Corporation Political Map.png|alt=Solapur Municipal Corporation Political Map|thumb|Solapur Municipal Corporation Political Map]]<br />
The SMC is headed by an [[Indian Administrative Service]] officer who serves as [[Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai|Municipal Commissioner]], wielding executive power. The Municipal Commissioner is appointed by Government of Maharashtra. The Municipal Commissioner is responsible for developing & maintaining civic infrastructure of the city like water supply, roads, storm water, drainage and efficient delivery of various services to the citizens of Solapur. The Municipal Commissioner deputes various departments to the Additional Municipal Commissioners, Deputy Municipal Commissioners, Assistant Commissioners and various heads of Department in discharge of his functions. The Municipal Commissioner is assisted by Additional Municipal Commissioners, Deputy Municipal Commissioners and Assistant Commissioners.<br />
<br />
=== Zones ===<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2025}}<br />
SMC is divided into 8 zones for convenient administration.<br />
{{Incomplete list|date=February 2025}}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Sr. No.<br />
!Zone No<br />
!Headquarter<br />
!Jurisdiction<br />
!Number of Prabhags<br />
!Corresponding Prabhag Nos.<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|Zone - 1<br />
|<br />
|Gandhi Chowk, Ramlal Chowk, Saint Joseph School, Solapur MaNaPa, Siddheshwar Mandir, Bhuikot Fort, etc.<br />
|5<br />
|4, 5, 6, 7, 15<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|Zone - 2<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|6<br />
|1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|Zone - 3<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|5<br />
|3, 4, 8, 9, 12<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|Zone - 4<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|4<br />
|14, 15, 16, 22<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|Zone - 5<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|6<br />
|8, 9, 13, 14, 16, 18<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|Zone - 6<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|6<br />
|5, 6, 15, 22, 23, 24<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|Zone - 7<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|7<br />
|16, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|Zone - 8<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|6<br />
|12, 13, 18, 19, 25, 26<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|Total<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|51<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
Total wards count in the above table is 45 (actual prabhag’s count is 26), because of some prabhag’s are in multiple Zones.<br />
<br />
== Legislature and elected body ==<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2025}}<br />
In order to make the administration of the city convenient, Solapur Municipal Corporation had a total of 26 divisions in 2017. So now in 2025 new draft, the number of divisions have been kept same. Each division had about four wards in 2017. In 2025, each division/ward has a total of 4 members. However, the exception is Division No. 25 & 26.<br />
<br />
According to the new structure, the total number of ward is 102, of which 57 wards are reserved for women. While 16 wards have been reserved for Scheduled Castes, half of which are reserved for women of Scheduled Castes. Two wards were reserved for the Scheduled Tribes. One of the wards has been reserved for a scheduled caste woman.<br />
<br />
* Total number of members: 102 <br />
* Number of four-member wards: 24 <br />
* Number of three-member wards: 02 <br />
* Total number of wards: 26<br />
<br />
=== Wards ===<br />
<br />
{{Incomplete list|date=February 2025}}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Political Representatives<br />
!Ward No.<br />
!Wards / Electoral College<br />
!Population<br />
!Seat<br />
!Councillor/ Corporator Name<br />
! colspan="2" |Political Party<br />
! colspan="2" |Alliance<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |1<br />
| rowspan="4" |Kasbe Solapur -2, Shelgi (Gavthan) - 1<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Gautam Madhukar Kasabe<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Rajashri Ambadas Kanke<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Poonam Prabhakar Kashid<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Avinash Mahadev Patil<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2<br />
| rowspan="4" |Dahitane, Dayanand College, Satpute Wasti, Joshi Galli (Bhag), Kamakshi Nagar, Mitra Nagar, Shelgi - 2<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Narayan Dattatray Bansode<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Kalpana Gyaneshwar Karbhari<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Shalan Shankar Shinde<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Kiran Vijaykumar Deshmukh<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |3<br />
| rowspan="4" |Shahir Wasti, Ghongade Wasti, Jodbhavi Peth - 3<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Rajkumar Patil<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Swati Dattatray Badgu<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Ranjita Sakalesh Chakote<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Sanjay Basappa Koli<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |4<br />
| rowspan="4" |Bagale Wasti, Yalleshwar Wadi, West Mangalwar Peth, East Mangalwar Peth - 4<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Vandana Ajit Gaikwad<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Vinayak Fakir Vitkar<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Aishwarya Ganesh Sakhare<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Anant Gyaneshwar Jadhav<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |5<br />
| rowspan="4" |Kegaon, Shivaji Nagar, Bale - 5<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Samadhan Revansiddh Awale<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Alka Anand Bhavar<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Mandakini Todkari<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Bijju Sangappa Pradhane<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |6<br />
| rowspan="4" |Basweshwar Nagar, Degaon, Aamrai, Damani Nagar etc. - 6<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Sonali Arjun Gaikwad<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Sunil Pandurang Khatke<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Mrunmayee Mahadev Gawali<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Ganesh Prakash Wankar<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |7<br />
| rowspan="4" |Nirale Wasti, Uma Nagari, North Kasba(Bhag), South Kasba(Bhag) - 7<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Aniket Pise<br />
|Shiv Sena (Eknath Shinde)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Shraddha Kiran Pawar<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Manorama Sapate<br />
|Shiv Sena (Eknath Shinde)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Amol Shinde<br />
|Shiv Sena (Eknath Shinde)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |8<br />
| rowspan="4" |North Kasba(Bhag), South Kasba(Bhag), Shukrawar Peth, Ganesh Peth, Sakhar Peth - 8<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Amar Marutirao Pudale<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Geeta Govind Gawai<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Babita Anantkumar Dhumma<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Gaurishankar (Praveen) Kashinath Dargopattil<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |9<br />
| rowspan="4" |Market Yard, Kuchan High School - 9<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Shekhar Pandurang Ige<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Kadambari Prakash Manjeli<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Pooja Shrikant Wadekar<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Meghnath Dattatray Yemul<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |10<br />
| rowspan="4" |Sagar Chowk, Mahalaxmi Chowk, Rangraj Nagar, Pogul Mala - 10<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Ujwala Avinash Dasari<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Deepika Vasudev Yaldandi<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Satish Nagnath Shirasilla<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Prathamesh Mahesh Kothe<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |11<br />
| rowspan="4" |Sambhaji High School, Samadhan Nagar, Mallikarjun Nagar - 11<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Yuvraj Kondiba Sarvade<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Shardabai Vijay Rampure<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Meenakshi Dattatray Kadganche<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Ajay Chandrakant Ponnam<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |12<br />
| rowspan="4" |Sunil Nagar, M.I.D.C - 12<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Siddheshwar Ramlu Kamtam<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Sarika Siddharam Khajurgi<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Archana Raju Vadnal<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Vinayak Ramkrishna Kondyal<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |13<br />
| rowspan="4" |Police Head Quarter, Walchand College Parisar - 13<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Sunita Sunil Kamathi<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Ambika Hanmantu Chaugule<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Satyanarayan Ramayya Gurram<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Vijay Bhoomayya Chippa<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |14<br />
| rowspan="4" |Begam Peth, North Sadar Bazar(Bhag) - 14<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Akila Bhagnagari<br />
|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Asif Ahmad Sheikh<br />
|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Wahidabano Sheikh<br />
|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Taufiq Hatture<br />
|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |15<br />
| rowspan="4" |Siddheshwar Mandir, Solapur Mahanagarpalika, Killa Parisar - 15<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Shridevi John Fulare<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Vijaya Nagesh Kharat<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Vinod Dharma Bhosale<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Chetan Narote<br />
|Indian National Congress<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |16<br />
| rowspan="4" |Modi, Shaskiya Vishram Gruha, Police Aayuktalaya - 16<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Narsing Asade<br />
|Indian National Congress<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Shweta Prashant Kharat<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Kalpana Santosh Kadam<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Priyadarshan Sathe<br />
|Shiv Sena (Eknath Shinde)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |17<br />
| rowspan="4" |Kongad Kumbhar Wasti, Shastri Nagar - 17<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Nirmala Harish Jangam<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Bharatsingh Vitthalsingh Badurwale<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Jugnubai Ambevale<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Ravi Shankarsing Kayyavale<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |18<br />
| rowspan="4" |Shaskiya Krida Sankul, Aakashwani Kendra - 18<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Shrikanchana Ramesh Yennam<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Rajshri Shivshankar Dodamani<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Prashant Anil Palli<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Shivanand Sidramappa Patil<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |19<br />
| rowspan="4" |Nilam Nagar, Shramjivi Nagar - 19<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Kavita Hiralal Gajjam<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Venkatesh Chandrayya Kondi<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Kalavati Anand Gadge<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Basavaraj Ramanna Kenganalkar<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |20<br />
| rowspan="4" |Parasi Vihir, Swagat Nagar - 20<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Safiya Choudhary<br />
|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Anisa Mogal<br />
|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Azhar Hundekari<br />
|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Azharoddin Jahagirdar<br />
|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |21<br />
| rowspan="4" |Mohite Nagar, Sahara Nagar, Gurunanak Nagar - 21<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Sangita Shivaji Jadhav<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Shivaji Uttamrao Waghmode<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Manjeri Sanket Killedar<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Satvik Prashant Badwe<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |22<br />
| rowspan="4" |Ramwadi, Limayewadi, Revansiddheshwar Mandir - 22<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Dattatray Margu Nadgiri<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Ambika Nagesh Gaikwad<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Chaitrali Shivraj Gaikwad<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Kisan Lakshman Jadhav<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |23<br />
| rowspan="4" |Salgar Wasti, Nirmiti Vihar, Rajaswa Nagar, Soregaon, Pratap Nagar - 23<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Satyajit Subodh Waghmode<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Aarti Akshay Wakase<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Gnyaneshwari Mahesh Devkar<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Rajshekhar Mallikarjun Patil<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |24<br />
| rowspan="4" |Sambhaji Talav, D-Mart, ITI, Jule Solapur (Bhag) - 24<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Madhusudan Dinesh Jangam<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Vanita Santosh Patil<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Ashwini Mohan Chavan<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|D<br />
|Narendra Govind Kale<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |25<br />
| rowspan="3" |Vimantal, Hatture Wasti, Siddheshwar Sakhar Karkhana - 25<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Suman Jeevan Chabukswar<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Vaibhav Hatture<br />
|Nationalist Congress Party (Ajit Pawar)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Vaishali Anil Bhopale<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |26<br />
| rowspan="3" |Kalyan Nagar, S.R.P. Camp, Kumthe Gavthan - 26<ref name="Solapur2026Wards" /><br />
|<br />
|A<br />
|Sangita Shankar Jadhav<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|B<br />
|Deepak Vijay Jamadar<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|C<br />
|Jaykumar Brahmadev Mane<br />
|Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+ Nominated Corporators – Solapur Municipal Corporation (2026)<br />
! No.<br />
! Name<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || Rohini Tadvalkar || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || Akshay Anjikhane || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || Manish Ket || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || Vrushali Chalukya || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || Srinivas Daima || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || Rudresh Boramani || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || Rishikesh Mhetre || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || Dnyaneshwar Myakal || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || Rishikesh Metre || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==List of mayors==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+List of Mayor of Solapur City SMC<ref>{{Cite web |title= Welcome to Solapur Municipal Corporation, Solapur|url=https://www.solapurcorporation.gov.in/English/about%20us.aspx}}</ref><br />
!#<br />
!Mayor<br />
! colspan="3" |Term<br />
!Election<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|Parasmal Jairam Joshi<br />
|1 May 1964<br />
|30 June 1966<br />
|{{Age in years and days|1 May 1964|30 June 1966}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|Tatyasaheb Ghongde<br />
|1 July 1966<br />
|31 May 1967<br />
|{{Age in years and days|1 July 1966|31 May 1967}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|Irayya Narsayya Boli<br />
|26 June 1969<br />
|19 June 1970<br />
|{{Age in years and days|26 June 1969|19 June 1970}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|Ganeshappa Bali<br />
|19 June 1970<br />
|17 June 1971<br />
|{{Age in years and days|19 June 1970|17 June 1971}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|Vishwanath Banshetty<br />
|17 June 1971<br />
|16 June 1972<br />
|{{Age in years and days|17 June 1971|16 June 1972}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|- Namdeorao Ramkrishna Mate<br />
|6<br />
|Rajaram Burgul <br />
|17 June 1972<br />
|20 June 1973<br />
|{{Age in years and days|17 June 1972|20 June 1973}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|Bhai Vaidya|Baburao Chakote<br />
|20 June 1973<br />
|20 June 1974<br />
|{{Age in years and days|20 June 1973|20 June 1974}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|Bhimrao Jadhav<br />
|20 June 1974<br />
|23 June 1975<br />
|{{Age in years and days|20 June 1974|23 June 1975}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|Yunus Zainuddin Shaikh<br />
|23 June 1975<br />
|19 June 1976<br />
|{{Age in years and days|23 June 1975|19 June 1976}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|Balchandra Shetty Alkunte<br />
|19 June 1976<br />
|19 June 1977<br />
|{{Age in years and days|19 June 1976|19 June 1977}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|Vishwanath Bhogde<br />
|19 June 1977<br />
|19 June 1978<br />
|{{Age in years and days|19 June 1977|19 June 1978}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|Sidram Malaya Adam<br />
|19 June 1978<br />
|19 June 1979<br />
|{{Age in years and days|19 June 1978|19 June 1979}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|Bhagwan Sakharam Chavan<br />
|19 June 1979<br />
|16 June 1980<br />
|{{Age in years and days|19 June 1979|16 June 1980}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|Narayandas Rathi<br />
|16 June 1980 <br />
|19 June 1981<br />
|{{Age in years and days|16 June 1980|19 June 1981}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |''Administrator's rule''<br />
|20 June 1981<br />
|9 May 1985<br />
|{{Age in years and days|20 June 1981|9 May 1985}}<br />
! colspan="3" |N. A.<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|Puranchandra Punjal<br />
|9 May 1985<br />
|18 May 1986<br />
|{{Age in years and days|9 May 1985|18 May 1986}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |1985<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|Kishore Deshpande<br />
|19 May 1986<br />
|19 May 1987<br />
|{{Age in years and days|19 May 1987|19 May 1988}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|Bandappa Munale<br />
|19 May 1987<br />
|20 May 1988<br />
|{{Age in years and days|19 May 1987|20 May 1988}}<br />
| rowspan="5" |1987<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
|Mahadev Mahindrakar<br />
|20 May 1988<br />
|19 May 1989<br />
|{{Age in years and days|20 May 1988|19 May 1989}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|20<br />
|Dharmanna Sadul<br />
|19 May 1989<br />
|19 May 1990<br />
|{{Age in years and days|19 May 1989|19 May 1990}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|21<br />
|Muralidhar Patre<br />
|19 May 1990<br />
|29 March 1991<br />
|{{Age in years and days|19 May 1990|29 March 1991}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Umar Khan Nabi Khan Berea<br />
|29 March 1991<br />
|7 March 1992<br />
|{{Age in years and days|29 March 1991|7 March 1992}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|Vishwanath Chakote<br />
|7 March 1992<br />
|20 March 1993<br />
|{{Age in years and days|7 March 1992|20 March 1993}}<br />
| rowspan="5" |1992<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Manohar Sapate<br />
|20 March 1993<br />
|20 March 1994<br />
|{{Age in years and days|20 March 1993|20 March 1994}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|Mahesh Kothe<br />
|20 March 1994<br />
|20 March 1995<br />
|{{Age in years and days|20 March 1994|20 March 1995}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|26<br />
|Subhash Patankar<br />
|20 March 1995<br />
|20 March 1996<br />
|{{Age in years and days|20 March 1995|20 March 1996}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|27<br />
|Khajadaud Yusuf Nalband<br />
|20 March 1996<br />
|6 March 1997<br />
|{{Age in years and days|20 March 1996|6 March 1997}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|28<br />
|Shevantabai Pawar<br />
|6 March 1997<br />
|20 March 1998<br />
|{{Age in years and days|6 March 1997|20 March 1998}}<br />
| rowspan="3" |1997<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Janardhan Karampuri<br />
|20 March 1998<br />
|20 March 1999<br />
|{{Age in years and days|20 March 1998|20 March 1999}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Sanjay Hemgaddi<br />
|20 March 1999<br />
|6 March 2002<br />
|{{Age in years and days|20 March 1999|6 March 2002}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|Nalini Chandele<br />
|6 March 2002<br />
|18 February 2005<br />
|{{Age in years and days|6 March 2002|18 February 2005}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |2002<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|32<br />
|Vitthal Jadhav<br />
|19 February 2005<br />
|5 March 2007<br />
|{{Age in years and days|19 February 2005|5 March 2007}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|33<br />
|Aruna Vakse<br />
|6 March 2007<br />
|30 November 2009<br />
|{{Age in years and days|6 March 2007|30 November 2009}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |2007<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Arif Ismail Shaikh<br />
|1 December 2009<br />
|5 March 2012<br />
|{{Age in years and days|1 December 2009|5 March 2012}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|35<ref>{{Cite web |title=सोलापूरच्या महापौरपदी अलका राठोड तर उपमहापौरपदी सय्यद |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/mah-wmah-kol-solapur-municipal-corporation-mayer-alka-rathod-2951622.html |website=Divya Marathi Bhaskar}}</ref><br />
|Alka Rathod<br />
|6 March 2012<br />
|5 September 2014<br />
|{{Age in years and days|6 March 2012|5 September 2014}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |2012<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|-<br />
|36<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-07 |title=सोलापूरच्या महापौरपदी काँग्रेसच्या प्रा. आबुटे |url=https://www.loksatta.com/maharashtra/prof-abute-elected-as-mayor-of-solapur-866586/ |access-date= |website=Loksatta |language=MR}}</ref><br />
|Sushila Abute<br />
|6 September 2014<br />
|7 March 2017<br />
|{{Age in years and days|6 September 2014|7 March 2017}}<br />
|-<br />
|37<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-03-08 |title=सोलापूरच्या महापौरपदी भाजपच्या शोभा बनशेट्टी |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/maharashtra/bjps-shobha-banshetti-eleceted-as-solapur-mayor-375003 |access-date= |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=}}</ref><br />
|Shobha Banshetti<br />
|8 March 2017<br />
|3 December 2019<br />
|{{Age in years and days|8 March 2017|3 December 2019}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |2017<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
|-<br />
|38<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-12-04 |title=सोलापूरचं महापौरपद भाजपने राखलं, श्रीकांचना यन्नम महापौरपदी, शिवसेनेचंही 1 मत भाजपला! |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/politics/bjps-srikanchana-yannam-wins-solapur-mayor-election-149301.html |access-date= |website=TV9 Marathi |language=}}</ref><br />
|Srikanchana Yannam<br />
|4 December 2019<br />
|8 March 2022<br />
|{{Age in years and days|4 December 2019|8 March 2022}}<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |''Administrator's rule''<br />
|8 March 2022<br />
|1 February 2026<br />
|{{Age in years and days|8 March 2022|}}<br />
! colspan="3" |N. A.<br />
|-<br />
|39<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-02-07 |title=Solapur Mayor Election {{!}} सोलापूरच्या महापौरपदी भाजपचे विनायक कोंड्याल {{!}} Vinayak Kondyal Elected Solapur Mayor Unopposed |url=https://agrowon.esakal.com/agro-special/vinayak-kondyal-elected-solapur-mayor-unopposed-sai29 |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Agrowon |language=mr}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-02-06 |title=सोलापूरच्या महापौरपदी भाजपचे विनायक कोंड्याल, तर उपमहापौरपदी ज्ञानेश्वरी देवकर यांची अविरोध निवड |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/solapur/vinayak-kondyal-elected-unopposed-as-solapur-mayor-dnyaneshwari-devkar-jaykumar-gore/articleshow/127984413.cms |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-02-06 |title=सोलापूर महापालिकेच्या महापौरपदी भाजपचे विनायक कोंड्याल यांची अविरोध निवड |url=https://www.lokmat.com/solapur/bjps-vinayak-kondyal-elected-unopposed-as-solapur-municipal-corporation-mayor-a-a941/ |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|Vinayak Kondyal<br />
|6 February 2026<br />
|''Present'' <br />
|{{Age in years and days| 2026 | 02 | 06 }}<br />
|2026<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Revenue sources ==<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2025}}<br />
The following are the income sources for the corporation from the Central and State Government.<br />
<br />
=== Revenue from taxes ===<br />
Following is the tax-related revenue for the corporation.<br />
<br />
* Property tax<br />
* Profession tax<br />
* Entertainment tax<br />
* Grants from central and state governments like goods and services taxes<br />
* Advertisement tax<br />
<br />
=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===<br />
Following is the non-tax related revenue for the corporation.<br />
<br />
* Water usage charges<br />
* Fees from documentation services<br />
* Rent received from municipal property<br />
* Funds from municipal bonds<br />
<br />
== Responsibilities ==<br />
The body is responsible for administering and providing various services to the city's citizens.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nature of work of Solapur Municipal Corporation |url=https://www.solapurcorporation.gov.in/English/About%20Us.aspx |website=Solapur Municipal Corporation }}</ref> Such services include:<br />
<br />
# Building and maintenance of roads, streets and flyovers<br />
# Garbage disposal and street cleanliness<br />
# Public municipal schools<br />
# Street lighting<br />
# Maintenance of parks and open spaces<br />
# Urban development and city planning of new areas<br />
# Registering of births and deaths<br />
# Health & Sanitation<br />
<br />
SMC co-ordinates with various other government organizations like:<br />
<br />
* Solapur Traffic Police<br />
* Solapur City Police<br />
* DM & Collector Office<br />
<br />
etc. for delivering these basic urban services.<br />
<br />
== Departments ==<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2025}}<br />
Following are the departments in SMC<br />
<br />
* Town planning department<br />
* Building permission department<br />
* Food Licensing department<br />
* Women & Child welfare department<br />
* Solapur Municipal Transport (SMC) department<br />
* Health department<br />
* Electricity department<br />
<br />
== Committees ==<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2025}}<br />
SMC elected body which presides over administration through committees appointed and consisting the corporators/councillors of the house.<br />
<br />
Following is the list of committees<br />
<br />
* Standing Committee<br />
* Ward Committees<br />
* Law Committee<br />
* City Development Committee<br />
* Women and Child Welfare Committee<br />
* Sports Committee<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+ Standing Committee Members – Solapur Municipal Corporation (2026)<br />
! No.<br />
! Name<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || Bizzu Pradhane || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || Satish Sirsilla || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || Ranjita Chakote || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || Avinash Patil || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || Ganesh Wankar || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || Bharatsingh Badurwale || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || Satyanarayan Gurram || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || Ashwini Chavan || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || Sangita Jadhav || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 10 || Jaykumar Mane || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 11 || Shivaji Vaghmode || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 12 || Kalpana Kadam || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 13 || Rajkumar Patil || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 14 || Amar Pudale || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
| 15 || Amol Shinde || style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" | || '''[[Shiv Sena]]'''<br />
|-<br />
| 16 || Azhar Hundekari || style="background-color: {{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}" | || '''[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]''' (AIMIM)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Services ==<br />
Solapur Municipal Corporation perceives its role as the principal facilitator and provider of services as detailed below to provide a better quality of life.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Solapur Municipal Corporation, Solapur. |url=https://www.solapurcorporation.gov.in/English/eng%20oservices.aspx |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=www.solapurcorporation.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Property tax payment<br />
* Temporary hording service<br />
* Property tax concession<br />
* Property card and daftari hukum{{clarify|English, please|date=June 2025}}<br />
* Property tax services<br />
* Licence services<br />
* PMAY{{clarify|What do these letters mean?|date=June 2025}}<br />
* Ramai Awas Yojna{{clarify|English, please|date=June 2025}}<br />
* Hutatma smruti mandir booking{{clarify|English, please|date=June 2025}}<br />
* Laser show booking<br />
* Cricket ground booking<br />
* Hording services<br />
* Marriage registration certificate<br />
* New drainage connection<br />
* Septic tank cleaning<br />
* Disability empowerment scheme<br />
* Fire NOC{{clarify|What do the letters mean?|date=June 2025}}<br />
* Ambulance booking<br />
* Ghanta gadi service<br />
* Pay gala rent<br />
* Biomedical waste service<br />
* Jalsuvidha{{clarify|English, please|date=June 2025}}<br />
* Bhumi malmatta services{{clarify|English, please|date=June 2025}}<br />
* Tree cutting application<br />
* PMAY 2.0{{clarify|What do the letters mean?|date=June 2025}}<br />
<br />
== Election ==<br />
Solapur is one of the most important municipalities in western Maharashtra. Solapur Metropolitan Municipal ward number one had four wards in 2017. However, in 2022, according to the new structure, the division number is now divided into three wards. So a ward has been reduced.<ref>{{Cite web |title= SMC Election 2022 : सोलापूर वॉर्ड 01 : 2017 साली चारही वॉर्ड भाजपने जिंकले! 2022 मध्ये 3 वॉर्ड, पुन्हा कमळ फुलेल?|date=26 July 2022 |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/politics/smc-election-2022-solapur-municipal-corporations-elections-latest-news-corporator-election-date-candidate-list-photos-videos-ward-no-01-all-details-you-need-to-know-au136-766657.html}}</ref><br />
<br />
The following are the total population in the municipal elections in 2017, and the caste classification of the total population was as follows.<br />
<br />
* Total population 24677<br />
* Scheduled Castes 9010<br />
* Scheduled Tribes 398<br />
<br />
[[Solapur Municipal Corporation elections | solapur corporation recent elections held on 2026]]<br />
<br />
== Party Composition ==<br />
{| class="sortable wikitable"<br />
! S.No.<br />
! colspan="2" | Party Name<br />
! Party flag or symbol<br />
! Alliance<br />
! colspan="2" | Number of Corporators<br />
|-<br />
| '''01'''<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' (BJP) || [[File:Logo of the Bharatiya Janata Party.svg|center|75x75px]] || '''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]'''<br />
| '''87'''<br />
| {{Composition bar|87|102|hex={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}<br />
|-<br />
| '''02'''<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" | || '''[[Shiv Sena]]''' || [[File:Logo of Shiv Sena.svg|center|75x75px]] || '''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]'''<br />
| '''04'''<br />
| {{Composition bar|4|102|hex={{party color|Shiv Sena}}}}<br />
|-<br />
| '''03'''<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}" | || '''[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]''' (AIMIM) || [[File:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen logo.svg|center|75x75px]] ||<br />
| '''08'''<br />
| {{Composition bar|8|102|hex={{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}}<br />
|-<br />
| '''04'''<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" | || '''[[Nationalist Congress Party]]''' (NCP) || [[File:NCP-flag.svg|center|75x75px]] || '''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]'''<br />
| '''01'''<br />
| {{Composition bar|1|102|hex={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}}}<br />
|-<br />
| '''05'''<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" | || '''[[Indian National Congress]]''' (INC) || [[File:INC Logo.png|center|75x75px]] || '''[[Maha Vikas Aghadi|MVA]]'''<br />
| '''02'''<br />
| {{Composition bar|2|102|hex={{party color|Indian National Congress}}}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
=== 2026 results ===<br />
{| class="sortable wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! Seats<br />
! +/-<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br />
| 87<br />
| {{increase}} 38<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |<br />
| [[Shiv Sena]] (SHS)<br />
| 04<br />
| {{decrease}} 17<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
| [[Indian National Congress]] (INC)<br />
| 02<br />
| {{decrease}} 12<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}" |<br />
| [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] (AIMIM) <br />
| 08<br />
| {{decrease}} 01<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023)}}" |<br />
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) <br />
| 01<br />
| {{decrease}} 03<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |<br />
| Others<br />
| 00<br />
| {{decrease}} 05<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" |{{center|'''Total'''}}<br />
| '''102'''<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="4" |Source :<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solapur Municipal Election Result 2026 All Candidate List |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/solapur/solapur-election-results-2026-live-updates-solapur-municipal-corporation-result-winner-list-bjp-shivsena-mns-ncp-uddhav-thackeray-raj-thackeray-eknath-shinde-devendra-fadnavis-marathi-news-1408651 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=ABP Majha}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 2017 results ===<br />
{|class="sortable wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2"|Party<br />
! Seats<br />
! +/-<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br />
| 49<br />
|{{increase}} 24<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |<br />
| [[Shiv Sena]] (SHS)<br />
| 21<br />
| {{increase}} 13<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
| [[Indian National Congress]] (INC)<br />
| 14<br />
| {{decrease}} 31<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}"|<br />
| [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] (AIMIM) <br />
| 09<br />
| {{increase}} 6<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |<br />
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) <br />
| 04<br />
| {{decrease}} 12<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |<br />
| Others<br />
| 05<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|colspan="2"|{{center|'''Total'''}}<br />
| '''102''' <br />
|-<br />
| colspan="4"|Source :<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mahasec.com/marathi/results.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=4 April 2014 |archive-date=29 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529095752/http://www.mahasec.com/marathi/results.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/maharashtra-municipal-elections/solapur |title=Solapur Municipal Election Results |newspaper=ABP Marathi|date=27 May 2017 |access-date=2017-05-27}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 2012 results ===<br />
{|class="sortable wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2"|Party<br />
! Seats<br />
! +/-<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
| [[Indian National Congress]] (INC)<br />
| 45<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br />
| 25<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |<br />
| [[Shiv Sena]] (SHS)<br />
| 08<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |<br />
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) <br />
| 16<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}"|<br />
| [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] (AIMIM) <br />
| 3<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |<br />
| Others<br />
| 5<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|colspan="2"|{{center|'''Total'''}}<br />
| 102<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="4"|Source :<ref>{{cite news|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/maharashtra-municipal-elections/solapur |title=Solapur Municipal Election Results |newspaper=ABP Marathi|date=27 May 2012 |access-date=2012-05-27}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[Indira Gandhi Stadium (Solapur)]]<br />
*[[Solapur City Central Assembly constituency]]<br />
*[[Solapur railway station]]<br />
*[[Solapur Airport]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<ref name="Solapur2026Wards">{{Cite web<br />
|title=Solapur Municipal Election Result 2026 All Candidate List<br />
|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/solapur/solapur-election-results-2026-live-updates-solapur-municipal-corporation-result-winner-list-bjp-shivsena-mns-ncp-uddhav-thackeray-raj-thackeray-eknath-shinde-devendra-fadnavis-marathi-news-1408651<br />
|website=ABP Majha<br />
|language=mr<br />
|publisher=ABP Network<br />
|access-date=2026-01-17<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* [https://www.solapurcorporation.gov.in/ Solapur Municipal Corporation Official Website]<br />
<br />
{{Municipal Corporations in Maharashtra}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Solapur]]<br />
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:1963 establishments in Maharashtra]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghilman&diff=457104Ghilman2026-03-07T10:43:43Z<p>KatherinDenmark: add section as per guidelines and improved wording per sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Slave-soldiers in the Islamic world}}<br />
{{slavery}}<br />
'''Ghilman''' (singular {{langx|ar|غُلاَم}} ''{{Transliteration|ar|ALA|[[ghulman|ghulām]]}}'',<ref group="note">Other [[Arabic transliteration|standardized transliterations]]: ''{{Transliteration|ar|DIN|ġulām}} / {{Transliteration|ar|Wehr|ḡulām}}''. {{IPA|ar|æʊˈlæːm, ɣoˈlæːm|IPA}}.</ref> plural {{lang|ar|غِلْمَان}} ''{{Transliteration|ar|ALA|ghilmān}}'')<ref group="note">Other standardized transliterations: ''{{Transliteration|ar|DIN|ġilmān}} / {{Transliteration|ar|Wehr|ḡilmān}}''. {{IPA|ar|ɣelˈmæːn|IPA}}.</ref> were [[slave-soldier]]s and/or [[mercenaries]] in armies throughout the [[Islamic world]]. Islamic states from the early 9th century to the early 19th century consistently deployed slaves as soldiers, a phenomenon that was very rare outside of the Islamic world.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Daniel Pipes |title=Slave Soldiers and Islam: The Genesis of a Military System |date=1981 |isbn=0300024479 |pages=35, 45|publisher=Daniel Pipes }}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Quran]] mentions ''ghilman'' ({{lang|ar|غِلْمَان}}) in verse [https://quran.com/52/24 52:24] (Verse [https://quran.com/56/17 56:17] is also thought to refer to ghilman).<ref name="El-Rouayheb, 2005 (p.131-136)">{{cite book |title=[[Before Homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic World, 1500–1800]] |last1=El-Rouayheb |first1=Khaled |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2005 | pages=131–136 }}</ref><ref name=Afary>{{cite book | title=Sexual Politics in Modern Iran |last1=Afary |first1=Janet | chapter=The Quran and Homosexuality in the Muslim World |date=9 April 2009 | publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107394353 |access-date=6 August 2020| chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rwYmAgAAQBAJ&q=houris+are+allowed+in+islam+because+there+is+no+need+for+procreation+in+heaven&pg=PT110 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
The words ''ghilman'' ({{lang|ar|غِلْمَان}}) and its singular variant ''[[ghulam]]'' ({{lang|ar|غلام}}) are of [[Arabic]] origin, meaning ''{{lang|en|boys}}'' or ''{{lang|en|servants}}''. It derives from the Arabic root ''ḡ-l-m'' ({{lang|ar|غ ل م}}).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.etimolojiturkce.com/kelime/gulam |title=Gulam |work=Etimoloji Türkçe |language=tr |access-date=21 March 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.etimolojiturkce.com/kelime/g%C4%B1lman |title=Gılman |work=Etimoloji Türkçe |language=tr |access-date=21 March 2021 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The ''ghilman'' were slave-soldiers taken as prisoners of war from conquered regions or frontier zones, especially from among the [[Turkic people]] of [[Central Asia]] and the [[Caucasus|Caucasian]] peoples ([[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''Kölemen''). They fought in bands, and demanded high pay for their services.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e722?_hi=7&_pos=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084910/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e722?_hi=7&_pos=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |title=Ghulam - Oxford Islamic Studies Online |publisher=Oxfordislamicstudies.com |date=2008-05-06}}</ref><br />
<br />
The idea of slave soldiers is sometimes projected back to the earliest Islamic period, but there is no evidence that the Prophet Muhammad or the Rashidun Caliphs organized slave armies. While individuals of slave origin, such as freedmen or war captives, may have joined battles voluntarily, the systematic use of slave soldiers did not exist at that time. Under the Umayyads, some Slavs and Berbers were employed in military roles, but it was only by the mid-9th century, particularly under the Abbasids, that the large-scale recruitment of slave soldiers, such as the ghilman, became a defining feature of Islamic military systems.<ref name="ian">{{cite book |last1=Heath |first1=Ian |title=Armies of the Dark Ages 600-1066: Organisation, Tactics, Dress and Weapons |date= |publisher=Wargames Research Group |year=1980 |isbn= |edition=2 |pages=30-31}}</ref> The first Muslim ruler to form an army of slave soldiers, before the Abbasid Caliphs, seems to have been [[Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab]] (800–812), founder of the [[Aghlabids]] of Ifriqiya, where there was already a large population of agricultural slaves and access to extensive slave trading networks across the Sahara Desert.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Johannes Preiser-Kapeller, Lucian Reinfandt, and Yannis Stouraitis |title=Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone Aspects of mobility between Africa, Asia and Europe, 300-1500 C.E. |date=2020 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004425613 |pages=419–422}}</ref><br />
<br />
''Ghilman'' were introduced to the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] during the reign of [[al-Mu'tasim]] (r. 833–842), who showed them great favor and relied upon them for his personal guard. Accounts cite that their numbers increased in the caliphal household as Mu'tasim tried to address the court factionalism.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shome|first=Ayan|title=Dialogue & Daggers: Notion of Authority and Legitimacy in the Early Delhi Sultanate (1192 C.E. – 1316 C.E.)|publisher=Quills Ink Pvt Ltd|year=2014|isbn=978-93-84318-44-4|pages=101}}</ref> These slave-soldiers were opposed by the native Arab population, and riots against them in [[Baghdad]] in 836 forced Mu'tasim to relocate his capital to [[Abbasid Samarra|Samarra]].<br />
<br />
The use of ''ghilman'' reached its maturity under [[al-Mu'tadid]] and their training was conceived and inspired through the noble ''[[furusiyya]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Coetzee|first1=Daniel|title=Philosophers of War: The Evolution of History's Greatest Military Thinkers [2 Volumes]: The Evolution of History's Greatest Military Thinkers|last2=Eysturlid|first2=Lee W.|publisher=Praeger|year=2013|isbn=9780275989774|location=Santa Barbara, CA|pages=63–64|language=en}}</ref> From a slave, a ''ghulam'' attained his freedom after completing the formative training period and joined the elite corps as a mounted warrior.<ref name=":0" /> The ''ghilman'' rose rapidly in power and influence, and under the weak rulers that followed Mu'tasim, they became kingmakers: they revolted several times during the so-called "[[Anarchy at Samarra]]" in the 860s and killed four caliphs. Eventually, starting with [[Ahmad ibn Tulun]] in Egypt, some of them became autonomous rulers and established dynasties of their own, leading to the dissolution of the Abbasid Caliphate by the mid-10th century.<br />
<br />
In [[Umayyad Spain]], slave soldiers of "[[saqaliba]]" (Slavs) were used from the time of [[Al-Hakam I]], but only became a large professional force in the tenth century, when the slave soldier recruitment shifted to Christian Spain, particularly the Kingdom of León.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hugh Kennedy |title=Muslim Spain and Portugal A Political History of Al-Andalus |date=2014 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781317870418 |page=117}}</ref><br />
<br />
A ghulam was trained and educated at his master's expense and could earn his freedom through his dedicated service. Ghilman were required to marry Turkic slave-women, who were chosen for them by their masters.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Jf5t1vFw1QC&q=ghilman+soldiers&pg=PA297 |title=Handbook to Life in the Medieval World, 3-Volume Set - Madeleine Pelner Cosman, Linda Gale Jones - Google Books |isbn=9781438109077 |access-date=2016-02-12|last1=Cosman |first1=Madeleine Pelner |last2=Jones |first2=Linda Gale |year=2009 |publisher=Infobase }}</ref> Some ghilman seem to have lived [[celibate]] lives. The absence of family life and offspring was possibly one of the reasons that ghilman, even when they attained power, generally failed to start [[dynasty|dynasties]] or to proclaim their independence. There are, however, a few exceptions to that rule, such the [[Ghaznavid]] dynasty of [[Afghanistan]] and the [[Anushtegin dynasty]], which succeeded it.<br />
<br />
Slave soldiers became the core of Islamic armies as the [[Bedouin]], [[Ghazi (warrior)|Ghazi]] holy warriors and conscripts were not as reliable, while Ghilman were expected to be loyal as they had no personal connections to the rest of society. However, the Ghilman often did not remain as loyal as expected.<ref name=ian/><br />
<br />
From the 10th century, masters would distribute tax farming land grants ([[Iqta]]) to the ghilman to support their slave armies.<ref name=ian/><br />
<br />
The [[Buyids]] and likely the [[Tahirids]] also built armies of Turkish slave soldiers. The [[Saffarids]] drew slave soldiers from Turks, Indians and Africans. The Ghaznavid dynasty, which originated from a slave soldier of the Samanids, also built their military around slave soldiers, first Turks and later Indians.<br />
<br />
[[File:Fath ‘Ali Shah seated on the Peacock Throne attended by a prince (‘Abbas Mirza?) and two ‘ghulams’ with his shield and mace, giving audience to two ministers. Folio from the Shahinshahnama of Fath 'Ali Khan Saba, dated 1810.jpg|thumb|right|[[Fath-Ali Shah Qajar]] seated on the [[Sun Throne]] flanked by a prince, probably [[Abbas Mirza]], and two ''gholams'' with his shield and mace, giving audience to two ministers. Folio from the ''Shahanshahnameh'' of [[Fath-Ali Khan Saba]], dated 1810]]<br />
The Turkish [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuks]] and their successors the [[Ghurids]] and the Turkic [[Khwarazmian dynasty]] also continued with an army of mainly Turkish slave soldiers. Seljuk regional princes were each placed under the tutelage of slave soldier guardians (atābak) who formed their own dynasties. After a brief interruption under the [[Mongols]], the institution returned under the [[Qara Qoyunlu]] and [[Aq Qoyunlu]] [[Turkmens]]. The various Iranian dynasties (Safavid, Afsharid, Qajar) drew slave soldiers from the [[Caucasus]] such as [[Georgians]], [[Circassians]] and [[Armenians]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/barda-v|title=BARDA and BARDA-DĀRI v. Military slavery in Islamic Iran|access-date=15 April 2014}}</ref> (Unlike the Seljuks, who quickly abandoned their tribal warriors for an increase in slave-soldier forces, the Mongols did not adopt the institution of slave-soldiers).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bruno De Nicola, Charles Melville |title=The Mongols' Middle East Continuity and Transformation in Ilkhanid Iran |date=2016 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004314726 |page=47}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Delhi Sultanate]] also made extensive use of Turkish cavalry ghilman as their core shock troops. After Central Asia fell to the Mongols they switched to capturing Hindu boys to convert into Islamic slave soldiers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Roy |first1=Kaushik |title=Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1317321279 |chapter=3|pages=48–49}}</ref><br />
<br />
There were violent ethnic conflicts between the different groups of ghilman, the Turks, Slavs, [[Nubians]] and Berbers in particular.<ref name=ian/><br />
<br />
==Tactics and equipment==<br />
Islamic caliphs often recruited slave-soldiers from the Turkic peoples of Central Asia due to their hardiness in desert conditions and expertise with horseback riding. ''Ghilman'' in the Abbasid Caliphate fought primarily as a mounted strike force whose purpose was to weaken the enemy with swift and rapid attacks before allied infantry were sent into battle. They carried a lance that could be used to impale enemy infantry easily and a round wooden shield that had been reinforced with either animal skin or thin metal plates. These ''ghilman'' also carried a sword on their belt, where it was easier to draw as opposed to the back or the chest.<ref>{{cite magazine|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=October 11, 2018 |title=Kalifit olivat orjasoturiensa armoilla |trans-title=Caliphs were at the mercy of their slave-soldiers |language=Finnish |magazine=Tieteen Kuvalehti - Historia |issue=15/2018 |page=40 |location=Oslo, Norway |publisher=Bonnier Publications International}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Quranic reference==<br />
The [[Quran]] mentions ''ghilman'' in verse [https://quran.com/52/24 52:24]: "There will circulate among them ''ghilman'' for them, as if they were pearls well-protected." Ghilman are traditionally described as servant boys provided especially for believers in heaven. In verse [https://quran.com/56/17 56:17]: "There will circulate among them [the faithful in heaven] young boys made eternal" -- "them" refer to the faithful in heaven and "young boys made eternal" ''to ghilman''.<ref name="El-Rouayheb, 2005 (p.131-136)"/><ref name="Afary"/> Descriptions of the ''ghilman'' by tenth and sixteenth-century theologians were [[Pedophilia|focused on their beauty]]. Their commentaries also hold that the extratemporal parameters of the Paradise, which the young servants inhabit, are also extended to them so that they do not age or die.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Günther|first1=Sebastian|title=Roads to Paradise: Eschatology and Concepts of the Hereafter in Islam (2 vols): Volume 1: Foundations and the Formation of a Tradition. Reflections on the Hereafter in the Quran and Islamic Religious Thought / Volume 2: Continuity and Change. The Plurality of Eschatological Representations in the Islamicate World Thought (SET)|last2=Lawson|first2=Todd|publisher=BRILL|year=2016|isbn=978-90-04-33095-5|location=Leiden|pages=301}}</ref> some in [[Shia Islam|Shia]] tradition suggested that [[Homosexuality in Islam|homosexuality might apply]] in heaven.<ref name="Afary" /> Though this is directly contradicted by the Qur'anic account of [[Lot (biblical person)|Lot]], where homosexuality is not tied to procreation, but is considered the antithesis to [[Ritual purity in Islam|Tahara]] or purity in of itself (Quran [https://quran.com/en/hud/78 11:78]). Furthermore some argued against any the sexuality in heaven on account of Adam and his partner having been clothed in heaven until having eaten from the forbidden tree (Quran [https://quran.com/al-araf/27 7:27]).<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Mamluk]]<br />
* [[Janissaries]]<br />
* [[Qizilbash]]<br />
* [[Varangian]]<br />
* [[Simjurids]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
===Notes===<br />
{{Reflist|group=note}}<br />
<br />
===Citations===<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Characters and Names in Quran}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ghilman| ]]<br />
[[Category:Culture of the Ottoman Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Slaves in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Slaves in Africa]]<br />
[[Category:Military slavery]]<br />
[[Category:Military units and formations of the medieval Islamic world]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Night_Manager_(Indian_TV_series)&diff=457908The Night Manager (Indian TV series)2026-03-05T21:48:55Z<p>KatherinDenmark: update layout further per sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2023 Indian TV series}}<br />
{{All plot|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = The_Night_Manager_(Indian_TV_ series).jpg<br />
| caption = Official release poster<br />
| genre = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Action Film|Action]]<br />
* [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]<br />
* [[Spy fiction|Espionage]]<br />
* [[Spy thriller]]<br />
}}<br />
| creator = [[Sandeep Modi]]<br />
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[The Night Manager ]]''|[[John le Carré]]}}<br />
| director = {{ubl|Sandeep Modi|Priyanka Ghose}}<br />
| writer = {{ubl|[[Shridhar Raghavan]]|Akshat Ghildial|Shantanu Srivastava}}<br />
| starring = [[Anil Kapoor]]<br />[[Aditya Roy Kapur]]<br />[[Sobhita Dhulipala]]<br />
| theme_music_composer = [[Santhosh Narayanan]]<br />
| composer = [[Sam C. S.]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = 7<br />
| runtime = 43–63 minutes<br />
| executive_producer = {{ubl|[[Preity Zinta|Preity G Zinta]]|[[David Farr (theatre director)|David Farr]]|Gaurav Banerjee|Sandeep Modi|Sohail Abbas|Simon Cornwell|Stephon Cornwell|Arthur Wang|Joseph Tsai|Manisha Mudgal|Susanne Bier|Tessa Inkelaar}}<br />
| producer = {{ubl|Deepak Dhar|Rishi Negi|Rajesh Chadha}}<br />
| cinematography = Benjamin Jasper <br /> Anik Ram Verma<br />
| editor = Parikshit Jha<br />
| company = [[Banijay|Banijay Asia]] <br /> The Ink Factory<br />
| network = [[Disney+ Hotstar]]<br />
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|02|16|df=yes}}<br />
| last_aired = {{End date|2023|06|29|df=yes}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''The Night Manager''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Action film|action]] [[Crime fiction|crime]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] television series created by [[Sandeep Modi]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Jha |first=Lata |title=Disney+ Hotstar announces new show 'The Night Manager' |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/disney-hotstar-announces-new-show-the-night-manager-11673932545809.html |access-date=12 February 2023 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=17 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212113635/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/disney-hotstar-announces-new-show-the-night-manager-11673932545809.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mathur |first=Vinamra |title=EXCLUSIVE {{!}} Sandeep Modi on directing The Night Manager remake: 'I don't know why Disney came to me for it' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/exclusive-sandeep-modi-on-directing-the-night-manager-remake-i-dont-know-why-disney-came-to-me-for-it-12165182.html |access-date=16 February 2023 |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=16 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216125912/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/exclusive-sandeep-modi-on-directing-the-night-manager-remake-i-dont-know-why-disney-came-to-me-for-it-12165182.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It is a [[remake]] of the British television serial ''[[The Night Manager (British TV series)|The Night Manager]]'' (2016), itself based on the 1993 novel [[The Night Manager|of the same name]] by [[John le Carré]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |title=Aditya Roy Kapur on Stepping Into Tom Hiddleston's Shoes in Disney+ Hotstar Indian Adaptation of 'The Night Manager' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2023/global/asia/the-night-manager-disney-hotstar-india-aditya-roy-kapoor-tom-hiddleston-1235519067/ |access-date=11 February 2023 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=10 February 2023 |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211074227/https://variety.com/2023/global/asia/the-night-manager-disney-hotstar-india-aditya-roy-kapoor-tom-hiddleston-1235519067/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Srivastava |first=Samriddhi |title=Sobhita Dhulipala joins Aditya Roy Kapur, Anil Kapoor in The Night Manager Hindi remake |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/sobhita-dhulipala-joins-aditya-roy-kapur-anil-kapoor-in-the-night-manager-hindi-remake-1913147-2022-02-15 |access-date=11 February 2023 |work=[[India Today]] |date=15 February 2022 |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211120429/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/sobhita-dhulipala-joins-aditya-roy-kapur-anil-kapoor-in-the-night-manager-hindi-remake-1913147-2022-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mukherjee |first=Richa |title=The Night Manager: Anil Kapoor And Aditya Roy Kapur In A BTS Pic |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/anil-kapoor-shares-a-bts-moment-with-the-night-manager-aditya-roy-kapur-3775446 |access-date=12 February 2023 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=12 February 2023 |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212095317/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/anil-kapoor-shares-a-bts-moment-with-the-night-manager-aditya-roy-kapur-3775446 |url-status=live }}</ref> It stars [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] and [[Sobhita Dhulipala]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Lubna |title=The Night Manager First Look: Aditya Roy Kapur, Anil Kapoor look intense; 5 things to know about the show |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/the-night-manager-first-look-aditya-roy-kapur-anil-kapoor-look-intense-5-things-to-know-about-the-show-1205970 |access-date=11 February 2023 |work=[[Pinkvilla]] |date=10 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211123540/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/the-night-manager-first-look-aditya-roy-kapur-anil-kapoor-look-intense-5-things-to-know-about-the-show-1205970 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Night Manager Web Series (2023) {{!}} Release Date, Review, Cast, Trailer, Watch Online at Disney+ Hotstar |url=https://www.gadgets360.com/entertainment/the-night-manager-web-series-115266 |website=[[NDTV|Gadgets 360]] |access-date=11 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211090951/https://www.gadgets360.com/entertainment/the-night-manager-web-series-115266 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='The Night Manager' trailer out; series to premiere on February 17 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-night-manager-trailer-out-series-to-premiere-on-february-17/article66413039.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=11 February 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=20 January 2023 |language=en-IN |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211094930/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-night-manager-trailer-out-series-to-premiere-on-february-17/article66413039.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> with [[Tillotama Shome]], [[Ravi Behl]], [[Saswata Chatterjee]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chaubey |first=Pranita |title=The Night Manager Trailer: Trust Is Anil Kapoor And Aditya Roy Kapur's Only Currency |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-night-manager-trailer-out-anil-kapoor-and-aditya-roy-kapur-are-all-set-for-action-3709588 |access-date=11 February 2023 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=20 January 2023 |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211003120/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-night-manager-trailer-out-anil-kapoor-and-aditya-roy-kapur-are-all-set-for-action-3709588 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Salunkhe |first=Sameer |title=Saswata Chatterjee: 'My chemistry with Anil Kapoor is very important in The Night Manager' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/saswata-chatterjee-my-chemistry-with-anil-kapoor-is-very-important-in-the-night-manager/cid/1911238 |access-date=11 February 2023 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|Telegraph India]] |date=21 January 2023 |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211122520/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/saswata-chatterjee-my-chemistry-with-anil-kapoor-is-very-important-in-the-night-manager/cid/1911238 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
At the [[2023 Filmfare OTT Awards]], ''The Night Manager'' received 6 nominations, including Best Drama Series, Best Actor in a Drama Series (Kapoor and Kapur), Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (Chatterjee) and Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series (Shome).<br />
<br />
This series was nominated for [[International Emmy Award for Best Drama Series|Best Drama Series]] at the [[52nd International Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushal |first=Sweta |title='The Night Manager' Bags An International Emmy Awards Nomination |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/swetakaushal/2024/09/20/the-night-manager-bags-an-international-emmy-awards-nomination/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-09-20 |title='The Night Manager' nominated at International Emmys in drama series category |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-night-manager-nominated-in-drama-series-category-at-international-emmys/article68662750.ece |access-date=2024-09-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Shantanu 'Shaan' Sengupta, a former [[Lieutenant]] in the [[Indian Navy]], is currently working as a night manager in a premiere star hotel in [[Dhaka]], amidst the [[Rohingya genocide]] in 2017. He is approached by Safina Kidwai, a 14-year-old girl married to the majority share owner of the star hotel, Freddie Rehman, to help her escape to India. Upon his refusal, she steals his phone and discreetly records a meeting in Shaan's phone between Shailendra 'Shelly' Rungta and her husband, about buying and smuggling illegal arms into Bangladesh. She also takes pictures of the paperwork and returns the phone to Shaan, so that he can view everything. Upon seeing everything, he goes to his friend, Vikram Bhagwat, of the [[List of High Commissioners of India to Bangladesh|Indian High Commission]] in Dhaka, to share the information and evidence.<br />
<br />
Vikram, in-turn, sends the information to [[Research & Analysis Wing|RAW]] officer, Lipika Saikia Rao, who is the in-charge of Bangladesh, in [[New Delhi]]. She has been keeping tabs on Shelly and believes that the evidence she received from Safina and Shaan is enough to officially go after him. She requests Shaan to keep Safina safe for a night, till she arrives in Dhaka the next afternoon. Meanwhile, both Freddie and Shelly come to know about their meeting being leaked; Shelly asks Freddie to kill Safina. He, along with his men, searches the entire hotel for her. Shaan takes Safina to a new wing that is currently under construction in the star hotel, for safekeeping. The next day, as he goes out to get food for Safina, he calls Lipika to inquire about her current whereabouts; Lipika realises that her phone has been bugged and orders Shaan to hurry back to Safina. He comes back just as Safina falls to her death from the wing. Her death is ruled as a suicide by the local police, who say that she stole jewellery from the high-profile guests in the hotel and jumped as she was caught. This devastates both Shaan and Lipika, knowing completely well that both Freddie and Shelly were behind her death. This prompts Shaan to leave his job.<br />
<br />
Two years later, Shaan now lives as a recluse in [[Shimla]], working as a night manager in a star resort. He is constantly haunted by his failure to protect Safina. One day, his superior tells him that Shelly, along with his associates, is coming to stay in the hotel for a few days. Once they arrive, Shaan collects information from the trash in his room and mails it to Lipika. Over the course of his stay, Shelly constantly runs into Shaan. Each time, he is impressed with Shaan's demeanour. He even gives his coat to Shaan, as a token of remembrance, as he leaves the resort. The next day, Shaan is visited by an undercover Lipika, who has now been demoted to the archives section of the agency. They both decide to infiltrate Shelly's syndicate. After a dramatic set-up orchestrated by Lipika and her co-worker, Sarang, Shaan is able to reach [[Sri Lanka]], by posing as an international runaway, to get close to Shelly.<br />
<br />
He saves his son, Taha, in a fake kidnapping planned by Lipika. However, to further make it look real, he purposefully gets injured. Upon seeing and searching Shaan, both Shelly and his right-hand man, Brij Pal alias BJ, find a Sri Lankan passport with a different alias, on him. They decide to take him with them, for his recuperation. Shaan, as a result, successfully infiltrates Shelly's gang and succeeds in creating chaos amongst them. Shaan eventually finds out that Shelly is on the verge of bankruptcy and plans to go to [[Riyadh]], to meet Bargati, an [[oil baron]], with the hopes of making a deal with him. He also finds out that he has an Indian partner going by the alias ''Indra Dhanush''. Using Shelly's lawyer, G. V., Lipika plants a set-up in Riyadh, to get BJ arrested. Shelly, with no other way out, offers Shaan the CEO position, which was previously occupied by BJ, for 30 years. Intending to take him out from the inside, Shaan gladly agrees to the offer.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Anil Kapoor]] as Shailendra 'Shelly' Rungta<br />
* [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] as Shantanu 'Shaan' Sengupta / Joaquim Sequeira / Abhimanyu Mathur<br />
* [[Sobhita Dhulipala]] as Kaveri 'K' Dixit, Shailendra's girlfriend<br />
* [[Tillotama Shome]] as Lipika Saikia Rao, [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW Officer]]<br />
* [[Ravi Behl]] as Jaiveer 'Jayu' Singh, Shelly's associate<br />
* [[Rukhsar Rehman]] as Mrinal Singh, Jaiveer's wife<br />
* [[Saswata Chatterjee]] as Brij Pal alias BJ, Shelly's right-hand man<br />
* Varun Shashi Rao as Naren Rao<br />
* Anand Vikas Potdukhe as Sarang Potdukhe<br />
* [[Bagavathi Perumal]] as D'Silva, Lipika's contact in Sri Lanka<br />
* [[Prashant Narayanan]] as ISIS Man<br />
* Jagdish Rajpurohit as Nasser Loshkar, Shaan's superior in Dhaka<br />
* Salim Siddiqui as P. Tiwari, Policeman<br />
* Resh Lamba as Freddie Rehman, Shelly's associate and owner of the star hotel in Dhaka<br />
* Arista Mehta as Safina Kidwai Rehman, Freddie's wife<br />
* [[Supriya Shukla]] as Farzana Kidwai, Safina's mother<br />
* Shrenik Arora as Taha Rungta, Shelly's son<br />
* [[Joy Sengupta]] as Danish Khan, Lipika's superior in the RAW<br />
* [[Vikram Kapadia]] as Mittal alias "Indradhanush", Lipika and Danish' superior in the RAW<br />
* Akashdeep Sabir as JV<br />
* Owais Bhatt<br />
* Bhupendra Singh Negi<br />
* Vipul Deshpande as Bangladesh Police Officer<br />
<br />
== Episodes ==<br />
{{Series overview<br />
<br />
| seasonT = Part{{efn|name=SeasonPart|Some publications refer to "part" as "season."}}<br />
| auxA = Season {{efn|name=SeasonPart}}<br />
| auxA1 = 1<br />
| color1 = #CCCCFF<br />
| link1 = #Part 1<br />
| episodes1 = 4<br />
| released1 = {{Start date|2023|02|16|df=y}}<br />
<br />
| link2 = #Part 2 <br />
| color2 = #A90712<br />
| episodes2 = 3<br />
| released2 = {{Start date|2023|06|29|df=y}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Episode table |EpisodeNumber = | EpisodeNumber2 = |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR=|country=In |episodes=<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 1<br />
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1<br />
|Title = Zakhm<br />
|DirectedBy = Sandeep Modi,<br />
Priyanka Ghose<br />
|WrittenBy = [[Shridhar Raghavan]], Akshat Ghildial, Shantanu Srivastava<br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|16|df=yes}}<br />
|ShortSummary = Former Indian Navy Lieutenant Shantanu "Shaan" Sengupta, is currently working as a night manager in a premiere star hotel in Dhaka, amidst the [[Rohingya genocide]] in 2017. He is approached by Safina Kidwai, wife of the majority share owner of the star hotel, Freddie Rehman, to help her escape to India. Upon his refusal, she steals his phone and discreetly records a meeting between Shaildendra "Shelly" Rungta and Freddy, about buying and smuggling illegal arms into Bangladesh. She also takes pictures of the paperwork and returns the phone to Shaan, so that he can view everything. Upon seeing everything, he contact his friend, Vikram Bhagwat, of the [[List of High Commissioners of India to Bangladesh|Indian High Commission in Dhaka]], to share the information and evidence. Vikram, sends the information to RAW officer, Lipika Saikia Rao, who is the in-charge of Bangladesh, in New Delhi. She has been keeping tabs on Shelly and believes that the evidence she received from Safina and Shaan is enough to officially go after him. She requests Shaan to keep Safina safe for a night, till she arrives in Dhaka the next afternoon. Meanwhile, both Freddie and Shelly come to know about their meeting being leaked; Shelly asks Freddie to kill Safina. He, along with his men, search the entire hotel for her. Shaan takes Safina to a new wing that is currently under construction in the star hotel, for safekeeping. The next day, as he goes out to get food for Safina, he calls Lipika to inquire about her current whereabouts, however, Lipika realizes that her phone has been bugged and orders Shaan to hurry back to Safina. He comes back just as Safina falls to her death from the wing. Her death is ruled as a suicide by the local police, who say that she stole jewelry from the high-profile guests in the hotel and jumped as she was caught. This devastates both Shaan and Lipika, knowing completely well that both Freddie and Shelly were behind her death. This prompts Shaan to leave his job.<br />
<br />
Two years later, Shaan now lives a reclusive life in Shimla, working as a night manager in a star resort. He is constantly haunted by his failure of not being able to save Safina back in Dhaka. However, one day, his superior tells him that Shelly, along with his associates, is coming to stay in the resort for a few days. <br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 2<br />
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2<br />
|Title = Mission<br />
|DirectedBy = Sandeep Modi,<br />
Priyanka Ghose<br />
|WrittenBy = Shridhar Raghavan, Akshat Ghildial, Shantanu Srivastava<br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|16|df=yes}}<br />
|ShortSummary = After Shelly and his team arrive, Shaan collects strong information, from the trash in his room, and mails it to Lipika. Over the course of his stay, Shelly constantly runs into Shaan. Each time, he is impressed with Shaan's demeanor. He even gives his coat to Shaan, as token of remembrance, as he leaves the resort. The next day, Shaan is visited by an undercover Lipika, who has now been demoted to the archives section of the agency. They both decide to infiltrate Shelly's syndicate. After a dramatic set-up orchestrated by Lipika and her co-worker, Sarang, Shaan is able to reach Sri Lanka, by posing as an international runaway, to get close to Shelly.<br />
<br />
He saves his son, Taha, in a fake kidnapping planned by Lipika. However, to further make it look real, he purposefully gets injured. Upon seeing and searching Shaan, both Shelly and his righ-hand man, Brij Pal alias BJ, find a Sri Lankan passport with a different alias, on him. They decide to take him with them, for his recuperation.<br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 3<br />
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3<br />
|Title = Mehmaan<br />
|DirectedBy = Sandeep Modi,<br />
Priyanka Ghose<br />
|WrittenBy = Shridhar Raghavan, Akshat Ghildial, Shantanu Srivastava<br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|16|df=yes}}<br />
|ShortSummary = Shaan, as a result, successfully infiltrates Shelly's gang and succeeds in creating chaos amongst them. Shaan eventually finds out that Shelly is on the verge of bankruptcy and plans to go to Riyadh, to meet Bargati, an oil baron, with the hopes of making a deal with him. He also finds out that he has an Indian partner going by the alias, Indra Dhanush. Using Shelly's lawyer, G. V., Lipika plants a set-up in Riyadh, to get BJ arrested, under homosexuality, which is banned in the Middle East. <br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 4<br />
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4<br />
|Title = Sweetly-waala<br />
|DirectedBy = Sandeep Modi,<br />
Priyanka Ghose<br />
|WrittenBy = Shridhar Raghavan, Akshat Ghildial, Shantanu Srivastava<br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|16|df=yes}}<br />
|ShortSummary = After it is successful, Shelly, with no other way out, offers Shaan the CEO position, which was previously occupied by BJ, for 30 years. Intending to take him out from the inside, Shaan happily agrees to the offer.<br />
<br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 5<br />
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5<br />
|Title = Abhimanyu<br />
|DirectedBy = Sandeep Modi,<br />
Priyanka Ghose<br />
|WrittenBy = Shridhar Raghavan, Akshat Ghildial, Shantanu Srivastava<br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|06|29|df=yes}}<br />
|ShortSummary = Lipika's team shows Danish that Shelly has a man named "Indradhanush" working with him, and calls made to someone in RAW, implying that Mittal is Indradhanush. Lipika & Danish goes to Mittal's boss, with copies of notes with GV's handwriting on them. Meanwhile, Shelly gives Shaan the new identity of Abhimanyu Mathur, the new CEO of Shelly's agricultural front, replacing BJ. Shaan's retinal scan is also used to authorize Shelly's bank transactions. Shelly takes Shaan with him to set up a deal. GV comes a day later, and is picked up by Shelly & Jayu, while Shaan sleeps with Kaveri. Shelly shows GV that Lipika had a copy of his notes and kills him. Meanwhile, Mittal talks to Lipika and Danish, and tells them that while he is Indradhanush and that Shelly is supposed to be working for him, not the other way around, ordering Lipika to shut down her operation. Lipika tries to get Shaan out, but he refuses, escaping with Shelly & his crew. <br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 6<br />
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6<br />
|Title = Magic Trick<br />
|DirectedBy = Sandeep Modi,<br />
Priyanka Ghose<br />
|WrittenBy = Shridhar Raghavan, Akshat Ghildial, Shantanu Srivastava<br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|06|29|df=yes}}<br />
|ShortSummary = Mittal wants the name of Lipika's inside man, but she refuses, so he sets up a committee hearing regarding Lipika's operation. Meanwhile, Shelly tells Shaan that someone in his crew is working for Lipika, but can't figure out whom. In Dubai, Shaan performs a weapons demonstration to a handful of generals, as well as a stranger, Mr. "What's in a Name." Shaan uses Kaveri to convince Shelly that BJ is working for Lipika and kills BJ, claiming he was trying to escape. Shaan sends a list of trucks to Lipika that he believes contains weapons. Danish sends the info to the US Military, but they only find oil in the trucks. Later, on Shelly's plane, Shelly tells Shaan that the only weapons he brought to Dubai were ones for the demonstration. The actual weapons are held elsewhere, where they will finalize the weapons deal. When Shaan wakes up, he learns that they're now in Dhaka, and are going back to the same hotel he worked at. Meanwhile, Lipika comes home to find her husband brutally injured, and is nearly killed by one of Shelly's men.<br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 7<br />
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7<br />
|Title = Imarti<br />
|DirectedBy = Sandeep Modi,<br />
Priyanka Ghose<br />
|WrittenBy = Shridhar Raghavan, Akshat Ghildial, Shantanu Srivastava<br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|06|29|df=yes}}<br />
|ShortSummary = After Lipika & her husband narrowly escape death, she finally convinces Mittal that Shelly cannot be trusted. Mittal gives her 48 hours to get hard evidence on Shelly to take him down. In Dhaka, Shelly introduces "Abhimanyu" to Freddie. Shelly reveals that they're finalizing a deal with Mr. "What's-in-a-Name", who plans to use the weapons on India. They receive half the money, and will receive the other half after showing the weapons tomorrow. Shaan asks Kaveri to give him the code to Shelly's safe, so Lipika can infiltrate while Shelly's partying. After Freddie gets too drunk, Shaan takes him home, where he kills him to avenge Safina and learns the location of Shelly's weapons. Meanwhile, Shelly receives a call from BJ's spy, who tells him that Taha's kidnapping was a set-up. While trying to use Shaan's retina scan, Shelly learns that his phone was swapped. Shaan shows What's-in-a-Name that he rigged the explosives to blow, destroying all of Shelly's weapons. When they return to the hotel, Lipika greets Shelly, who believes Mittal will help him. However, evidence recorded by Shaan gets Shelly arrested instead. Shelly assumes that he'll escape prison, until the officers in his van leave, and What's-in-a-Name's right hand man starts driving the van instead. Kaveri is free to go home to her son, and Shaan goes to the hotel wing where he stayed with Safina, happy that her killers have been brought to justice.<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Filming ==<br />
The series was shot in India ([[Shimla]], [[Jaisalmer]], [[Delhi]] and [[Mumbai]]), [[Sri Lanka]], [[Bangladesh]] and the [[Middle East]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Shackleton |first=Liz |title=The Ink Factory's Simon Cornwell, Sandeep Modi On Hindi Adaptation Of 'The Night Manager' & Potential For Second Season |url=https://deadline.com/2023/02/the-night-manager-india-hindi-disney-plus-hotstar-john-le-carre-1235254253/ |access-date=11 February 2023 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]] |date=9 February 2023 |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211092554/https://deadline.com/2023/02/the-night-manager-india-hindi-disney-plus-hotstar-john-le-carre-1235254253/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
Part 1 premiered on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] on 16 February 2023 and part 2 was released on 29 June 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Night Manager trailer: Aditya Roy Kapur and Anil Kapoor play some tense spy games in this Indian remake |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/the-night-manager-trailer-aditya-roy-kapur-anil-kapoor-play-a-tense-spy-game-101674200043971.html |access-date=11 February 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=20 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211110653/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/the-night-manager-trailer-aditya-roy-kapur-anil-kapoor-play-a-tense-spy-game-101674200043971.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Night Manager trailer: Aditya Roy Kapur and Anil Kapoor are caught in a cat-and-mouse game in Hotstar's version of AK vs AK |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-night-manager-trailer-aditya-roy-kapur-anil-kapoor-sobhita-dhulipala-hotstar-remake-8393437/ |access-date=11 February 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=20 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211095859/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-night-manager-trailer-aditya-roy-kapur-anil-kapoor-sobhita-dhulipala-hotstar-remake-8393437/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Chandreyee |title=The Night Manager trailer: Aditya Roy Kapur and Anil Kapoor step into Tom Hiddleston and Hugh Laurie's shoes |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-night-manager-trailer-aditya-roy-kapur-and-anil-kapoor-step-into-tom-hiddleston-and-hugh-lauries-shoes/cid/1911065 |access-date=12 February 2023 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|Telegraph India]] |date=20 January 2023 |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212113950/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-night-manager-trailer-aditya-roy-kapur-and-anil-kapoor-step-into-tom-hiddleston-and-hugh-lauries-shoes/cid/1911065 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
<br />
''The Night Manager'' received mostly positive reviews with praise directed towards the screenplay, production values, performances (particularly Kapoor, Kapur and Shome) and the direction.<ref>{{cite news |last=Daas |first=Romaa |title=Twitter review: Aditya Roy Kapur shines in 'The Night Manager' on Hotstar |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/culture/entertainment/the-night-manager-review-on-twitter/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=[[Lifestyle Asia|Lifestyle Asia India]] |date=17 February 2023 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218114120/https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/culture/entertainment/the-night-manager-review-on-twitter/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It is the first Indian TV series set to feature on a cover of a book published in South Asia authored by [[John le Carré]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Whittock |first=Jesse |title='The Night Manager': Stars Anil Kapoor & Aditya Roy Kapur To Feature On New Novel Cover |url=https://deadline.com/2023/02/the-night-manager-anil-kapoor-aditya-roy-kapur-novel-cover-1235257103/ |access-date=13 February 2023 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]] |date=13 February 2023 |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213063229/https://deadline.com/2023/02/the-night-manager-anil-kapoor-aditya-roy-kapur-novel-cover-1235257103/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "The series also provides a platform for some understated performers to showcase their talent. Aditya Roy Kapoor finally gets a role where his performance matches his personality. The writing demands a certain emotional gravitas from him, and Aditya delivers."<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |title='The Night Manager' Hotstar series review: An explosive combination of style and substance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-night-manager-series-review-an-explosive-combination-of-style-and-substance/article66525132.ece |access-date=16 March 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=18 February 2023 |language=en-IN |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309144314/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-night-manager-series-review-an-explosive-combination-of-style-and-substance/article66525132.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Saibal Chatterjee]] for ''[[NDTV]]'' wrote "Because this version of the series takes four episodes to portray what was packed into three in the 2016 British production, it ends at a point where a great deal still remains to be unpacked."<ref>{{cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |author1-link=Saibal Chatterjee |title=The Night Manager Review: Anil Kapoor Steals The Show Without Breaking A Sweat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-night-manager-review-anil-kapoor-steals-the-show-without-breaking-a-sweat-2-5-stars-3789980 |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=17 February 2023 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217044911/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-night-manager-review-anil-kapoor-steals-the-show-without-breaking-a-sweat-2-5-stars-3789980 |url-status=live }}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Rohan Naahar for ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated 3 stars out of 5 and wrote "The first part contains just four episodes, and the second, a pre-cap reveals, will arrive in June. Will audiences even be interested in returning to the series in three months? Who knows? Especially if they have access to the original as well."<ref>{{cite news |last=Naahar |first=Rohan |title=The Night Manager review: Anil Kapoor and Aditya Roy Kapur are solid, but Hotstar sabotages its own show by demanding an early check-out |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-night-manager-review-anil-kapoor-aditya-roy-kapur-tillotama-shome-sobhita-dhulipala-hotstar-remake-8448868/ |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217052649/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-night-manager-review-anil-kapoor-aditya-roy-kapur-tillotama-shome-sobhita-dhulipala-hotstar-remake-8448868/ |url-status=live }}{{rating|3|5}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Deepa Gahlot]] for ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote "The series, with Sandeep Modi as showrunner and co-director with Priyanka Ghose, gets the superficial trappings of the plot but not the complicated circuitry that makes the Le Carré novel tick."<ref>{{cite news |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |author-link=Deepa Gahlot |title=The Night Manager Review: Thrilling, And Yet... |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/the-night-manager-review/20230217.htm |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=17 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217053136/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/the-night-manager-review/20230217.htm |url-status=live }}{{rating|3|5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Roktim Rajpal of ''[[India Today]]'' rate 2.5 star out of 5 and wrote "The Night Manager loses its steam from the second episode onwards. Several inherently intriguing sequences fail to pack a punch. The kidnapping sequence is perhaps the weakest of the lot. It lacks the intensity needed to make an impact."<ref>{{cite news |last=Rajpal |first=Roktim |title=The Night Manager Review: Anil Kapoor and Aditya Roy Kapur headline a middling adaptation |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/the-night-manager-review-anil-kapoor-and-aditya-roy-kapur-headline-a-middling-adaptationwo-2335898-2023-02-17 |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=[[India Today]] |date=17 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217054325/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/the-night-manager-review-anil-kapoor-and-aditya-roy-kapur-headline-a-middling-adaptationwo-2335898-2023-02-17 |url-status=live }}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Dishya Sharma for ''[[CNN-News18|News18]]'' wrote "Like most series, The Night Manager also witnesses a dip in pace in the third episode, slowly laying out all the cards. However, due to the abrupt end to the series, the dip doesn't fully shoot up in the fourth episode, leaving you hanging midair."<ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Dishya |title=The Night Manager Review: Aditya Roy Kapur, Anil Kapoor Own The Spotlight But Sobhita Goes Underused |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/the-night-manager-review-aditya-roy-kapur-anil-kapoor-sobhita-dhulipala-7101907.html |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=[[CNN-News18|News18]] |date=17 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217055133/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/the-night-manager-review-aditya-roy-kapur-anil-kapoor-sobhita-dhulipala-7101907.html |url-status=live }}{{rating|3|5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ajit Andhere of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote "For some reason, only the first part of the series comprising four episodes has been released with the announcement of the next to follow soon. However, this serves as a major hindrance as the story is known to all already."<ref>{{cite news |last=Andhare |first=Ajit |title=Web Series Review {{!}} The Night Manager' sees the light of the day |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/180223/web-series-review-the-night-manager-sees-the-light-of-the-day.html |access-date=16 March 2023 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=18 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=15 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315114610/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/180223/web-series-review-the-night-manager-sees-the-light-of-the-day.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Nandini Ramnath for ''[[Scroll.in]]'' felt Tillotama Shome played the most valuable role and wrote "deceptively bumbling, resourceful, and ruthless when she needs to be, Shome's Lipika is a perfectly judged scene-stealer who gives the defanged remake the bite it is missing when its leads are around."<ref>{{cite news |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title='The Night Manager' review: New adaptation has style but the edge is missing |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1044035/the-night-manager-review-new-adaptation-has-style-but-the-edge-is-missing |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=17 February 2023 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218112727/https://scroll.in/reel/1044035/the-night-manager-review-new-adaptation-has-style-but-the-edge-is-missing |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Reviewing the series, Tina Das of ''[[ThePrint]]'' wrote "While comparisons with the original are unavoidable, the adaptation to suit an Indian viewership does not dilute the experience. The themes of alienation of each character, and of dealing with the ghosts of the past emerge every few minutes, especially for Shaan."<ref>{{cite news |last=Das |first=Tina |title=The Night Manager review: Indian adaptation of le Carré is held up by Anil Kapoor, Aditya Roy |url=https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/the-night-manager-review-indian-adaptation-of-le-carre-is-held-up-by-anil-kapoor-aditya-roy/1380996/ |access-date=16 March 2023 |work=[[ThePrint]] |date=18 February 2023 |archive-date=20 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220152256/https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/the-night-manager-review-indian-adaptation-of-le-carre-is-held-up-by-anil-kapoor-aditya-roy/1380996/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Accolades ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Award ceremony<br />
!Category<br />
!Nominee / Work<br />
!Result<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[2023 Filmfare OTT Awards|2023]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Filmfare OTT Awards]]<br />
|Best Drama Series<br />
|''The Night Manager''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for the Filmfare OTT Awards 2023: Full List Out {{!}} Femina.in |url=https://www.femina.in/trending/in-the-news/nominations-for-the-filmfare-ott-awards-2023-full-list-out-279050.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=www.femina.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor in a Drama Series<br />
|[[Aditya Roy Kapur]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Anil Kapoor]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series<br />
|[[Saswata Chatterjee]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series<br />
|[[Tillotama Shome]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Adapted Screenplay (Series)<br />
|Shridhar Raghavan<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[52nd International Emmy Awards|2024]]<br />
|[[International Emmy Awards]]<br />
|[[International Emmy Award for Best Drama Series|Best Drama Series]]<br />
|''The Night Manager''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2024 |title=The Night Manager nominated at 2024 International Emmy Awards, only entry from India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/the-night-manager-nominated-at-2024-international-emmy-awards-only-entry-from-india-101726801073056.html |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|tt15576504}}<br />
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/the-night-manager/1260128382|The Night Manager] on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Night Manager (Indian TV series), The}}<br />
[[Category:2023 web series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television series based on British television series]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]<br />
[[Category:Indian espionage television series]]<br />
[[Category:Television shows based on works by John le Carré]]<br />
[[Category:Television shows based on British novels]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Shimla]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anubhav_(1986_film)&diff=465857Anubhav (1986 film)2026-03-03T23:45:32Z<p>KatherinDenmark: updated page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1985 film by Kashinath}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Anubhav<br />
| image = Anubhav (1986 film) film poster.jpeg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| director = [[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]]<br />
| producer = [[Sujit Kumar]]<br /> [[Kiran Singh]]<br />R. A. Singh<br />
| writer = {{ubl|Kashinath|Rahi Masoom Reza (dialogues)}}<br />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Shekhar Suman]]|[[Padmini Kolhapure]]|[[Richa Sharma (actress)|Richa Sharma]]|[[Sujit Kumar]]|[[Paintal (comedian)|Paintal]]}}<br />
| music = [[Rajesh Roshan]]<br />
| released = {{film date|1986}}<br />
| runtime = 139 minutes<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| language = [[Hindi]]<br />
}}<br />
'''''Anubhav''''' ({{langx|en|Experience|italics=yes}}) is a 1986 [[Bollywood]] adult drama film starring [[Shekhar Suman]], [[Padmini Kolhapure]] and [[Richa Sharma (actress)|Richa Sharma]], directed by [[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]]. The movie did not get much reception on release, but the film is notable for steamy scenes between Shekhar Suman and Richa Sharma. The film also has light comedy scenes. [[Rakesh Roshan]] did a guest appearance in the movie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Its-pouring-comedy/articleshow/26323698.cms|title=It's pouring comedy - Bangalore Mirror -|website=indiatimes.com|access-date=27 February 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227154132/http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Its-pouring-comedy/articleshow/26323698.cms|archive-date=27 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-five-of-bollywood-s-best-sex-comedies-2073224|title=Five of Bollywood's best sex comedies - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=30 March 2015|website=dnaindia.com|access-date=27 February 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821114729/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-five-of-bollywood-s-best-sex-comedies-2073224|archive-date=21 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7UEAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Anubhav+(1986)%22|title=Screen World Publication's 75 Glorious Years of Indian Cinema: Complete Filmography of All Films (silent & Hindi) Produced Between 1913-1988|first=Rajendra|last=Ojha|date=27 February 1988|publisher=Screen World Publication|access-date=27 February 2018|via=Google Books|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227154132/https://books.google.com/books?id=q7UEAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22Anubhav+(1986)%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Anubhav+(1986)%22|archive-date=27 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> This film is the Hindi remake of 1984 Kannada film ''[[Anubhava (film)|Anubhava]]'', in which Kashinath,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sebastian |first=Shilpa |date=2019-08-19 |title=Abhinaya’s celluloid comeback to Kannada cinema |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/actor-abhinaya-returns-to-the-big-screen-with-the-film-crush/article29132156.ece |access-date=2025-02-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> director of the Hindi version, played the lead role.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Ramesh works in a company in city. He learns that he is due to marry Gauri, whom he knew since childhood and also likes her. Gauri lives in a village with her mother and a younger brother. Though Gauri has grown into an adult, her habits and manners are still childish. Bijli is a mature village belle and likes Ramesh. Unlike Gauri, Bijli is gorgeous, vivacious and understands the needs of an adult man. She is aware of the marriage of Ramesh and Gauri but she has her plans. When Ramesh comes to the village, he finds Gauri to be immature and naive. Gauri doesn't reciprocate the desires of Ramesh. Then Ramesh marries Gauri, but even after marriage things don't change and much to the dismay of Ramesh, he is not able to consummate his marriage.<br />
<br />
Bijli learns of this discord. She titillates Ramesh towards her and Ramesh now can't control himself. They start making love during their clandestine meetings. During one such meeting, Gauri sees them and realises her mistake and repents. She wants to correct her mistake, but the next day Ramesh leaves for the city to resume his job. Gauri is alone and she can't live without Ramesh. In the meantime, Bijli reaches the city and Ramesh and Bijli start living together as husband and wife there. After some days, Bijli starts getting bored of Ramesh as he doesn't spend money on Bijli. During this time, Bijli meets Amit, who lives in the neighbourhood and he also has a bike. Amit is a singer in a hotel. Hypergamous Bijli starts meeting Amit in the absence of Ramesh. At the same time, Ramesh also starts to realise that Bijli is becoming a burden on him. One day Ramesh finds out about Bijli and Amit, and he throws Bijli out of his house. Bijli leaves the house, but Amit accepts Bijli and she goes with him. In the meantime, Gauri and her uncle come to the city to seek Ramesh out as he has not replied to their letters, but they can't find him and return to the village dejectedly. On reaching the village, they find Ramesh in the house and now Gauri and Ramesh are united.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*[[Shekhar Suman]] as Ramesh<br />
*[[Padmini Kolhapure]] as Gauri<br />
*[[Richa Sharma (actress)|Richa Sharma]] as Bijli<br />
*[[Sujit Kumar]] as Mamaji<br />
*[[Padma Khanna]] as Mamiji<br />
*[[Seema Deo]] as Gauri's mother<br />
*[[Paintal (comedian)|Paintal]] as Ramesh's co-worker<br />
*Manmauji as Ramesh's co-worker<br />
*[[Rakesh Roshan]] as Amit (guest appearance)<br />
*[[Dinesh Hingoo]] as Drugstore keeper<br />
*Master Jayant as Gauri's brother<br />
*Jayant Rawal as cousin<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
The film had four songs. Rajesh Roshan also sang one song in the movie. The music was released on Venus records and cassettes.<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
! Song !! Singer<br />
|-<br />
| "Tere Nainon Ne Baan Chalaye"<br />
| [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Alka Yagnik]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Bahon Me Aaja"<br />
| [[Rajesh Roshan]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Pyar Ka Dil Ko"<br />
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Tere Hi Pyar Se"<br />
| [[Asha Bhosle]]<br />
|- <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|395453|Anubhav}}<br />
{{Kashinath}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1986 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1986 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Kannada films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Rajesh Roshan]]<br />
[[Category:Indian sex comedy-drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1980s sex comedy-drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1986 romantic drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1986 romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Kashinath]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language comedy-drama films]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indians_in_Madagascar&diff=463930Indians in Madagascar2026-02-28T00:24:13Z<p>KatherinDenmark: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox ethnic group<br />
| group = Indians in Madagascar:<br>Karàna<br />
| population = 25,000<ref name="Singhvi">{{harvnb|Singhvi|2000|p=94}}</ref><br />
| popplace = [[Antananarivo]]<br />
| langs = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]], [[English language|English]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[French language|French]], [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]], [[Hindi]], [[Languages of India]]<br />
| rels = [[Islam]], including [[Sunnism]], [[Shi'ism]] ([[Isma'ilism]]/[[Dawoodi Bohra|Bohra]])<br />
| related-c = [[Overseas Indians]]<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| related_groups = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The so-called '''<nowiki/>'Karana''' or '''Karane'''' are a generally Muslim racial group in [[Madagascar]] with a long history on the island. A large proportion of them arrived on the north-west port of [[Mahajanga]] in the early 1880s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Amungo |first=Ebimo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yxDUDwAAQBAJ&dq=Sindhis+in+Madagascar&pg=PA71 |title=The Rise of the African Multinational Enterprise (AMNE): The Lions Accelerating the Development of Africa |date=2020-03-02 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-33096-5 |pages=71 |language=en}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The Malagasy term Karana mainly refers to '''[[Khoja]]''' (a Muslim tribe which was once based on the Indian subcontinent) families on the island who play a leading role in the Madagascar business sector. {{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} The term does, however, sometimes include Indian and occasionally even Pakistani (extremely few in number) families though the Khoja make up the sizeable majority. {{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} Though they have contributed greatly to the nation's development, unlike their counterparts, the '''[[Al-Lawatia]]''' in Oman, they do not enjoy the same level of acceptance and freedom with kidnappings rife and a lack of acceptance into the institution both politically and otherwise.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madagascar : énième kidnapping de "karana" à Antananarivo |url=https://www.linfo.re/ocean-indien/madagascar/madagascar-enieme-kidnapping-de-karana-a-antananarivo |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Linfo.re}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Estimates of Karana population is 400,000.<ref name=":0" /> The group migrated from the Indian subcontinent somewhere between five and fifteen generations ago, spearheaded by the [[Khoja|Khoja tribe]] with many Indians joining alongside. {{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}<br />
<br />
Among those that are commonly referred on to as ''''Indians in Madagascar'''<nowiki/>' today, are 867 non-resident Indians, with the rest most probably being those locally-born descendants of early immigrants [[Khoja|Khojas]] or Indians.<ref name="Singhvi" /><ref>{{harvnb|A.|2001}}</ref> They form a minority [[ethnic groups of Madagascar|ethnic group in Madagascar]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
By the 1780s, a community of roughly 200 Indian traders had formed at [[Mahajanga]], a port on the north-west coast of [[Madagascar]], near [[Bombetoka Bay]] at the mouth of the [[Betsiboka River]]. Confusion arose over their legal status; they often declared themselves to be Malagasy subjects in order to evade the laws against slave-holding or the building of stone houses, both forbidden to British subjects, while their ''[[dhow]]s'', which they used to transport goods to and from the African mainland, [[flag of convenience|flew French flags]].<ref>{{harvnb|Oliver|1885|pp=115, 206}}</ref> French [[Khoja]] families today come from once Madagascar-based communities when the nation was part of the French Empire and those under it French citizens. <br />
<br />
In fact, even those families still based in Madagascar today are almost all French with links between the two still intact and regular travel between the French republic and the [[Madagascar|Great Red Island]] occurring due to business interests and education amongst other factors. {{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} It is not uncommon for a [[French people|Frenchman]] of Khoja ethnicity to view Madagascar as the 'land of his ancestors'. {{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}<br />
<br />
Initial arrivals to the island were mainly Muslim [[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelver]] [[Khoja#Khoja_communities|Khojas]], Ismailis and [[Dawoodi Bohra|Daoudi Bohras]], with some Hindus settling later.<ref>{{harvnb|Singhvi|2000|p=105}}</ref> The 1911 census found 4,480 Indians in the country, making them 21% of the total foreign population and the second-largest foreign population after the French.<ref>{{harvnb|Martin|1916|p=906}}</ref> Following the nationalisation of private businesses in the 1970s, many were compelled to leave; those who remained were largely uneducated, but stayed on and gradually built their businesses. By 2000, they were generally believed to control 50-60% of the country's economy, making them the target of demonstrators during periods of unrest.<ref>{{harvnb|Singhvi|2000|p=106}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Business==<br />
Financial interests of the community on the island are diversified. Businessmen [[:fr:Ylias_Akbaraly|Ylias Akbaraly]] and [[Hassanein Hiridjee]] are members of this community. <br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|India|Madagascar<br />
}}<br />
*[[Chinese people in Madagascar]]<br />
*[[Hinduism in Madagascar]]<br />
*[[Islam in Madagascar]]<br />
*[[Demographics of Madagascar]]<br />
*[[India–Madagascar relations]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*{{citation|title=A vibrant minority: The Chinese and Indians, who make up a tiny minority in Madagascar, are doing very well for themselves|last=A.|first=Kathirasen|periodical=New Straits Times|publication-place=Singapore|date=2001-07-31|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-82613088.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022025533/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-82613088.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-10-22|access-date=2008-10-28}}<br />
*{{citation|chapter=Madagascar|title=The Statesman's Year-book: The Statesman's Year-book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1916|pages=905–908|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=1916|last=Martin|first=Frederick}}<br />
*{{citation|title=The True Story of the French Dispute in Madagascar|last=Oliver|first=Samuel Pasfield|author-link=Samuel Pasfield Oliver|year=1885|publisher=Unwin}}<br />
*{{citation|last=Singhvi |first=L. M. |chapter=Other Countries of Africa |pages=89–109 |title=Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs |publication-place=New Delhi |url=http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter8.pdf |year=2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206063957/http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter8.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-06 }}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
*{{citation|chapter=The Chinese and the Indians|pages=26–44|title=The Great Red Island: A Biography of Madagascar|last=Stratton|first=Arthur|publisher=Scribner|year=1964|oclc=1670237}}<br />
*{{citation|title=Karana Et Banians: Les Communautes Commercantes D'Origine Indienne A Madagascar|last=Blanchy|first=Sophie|publisher=Harmattan|date=2004-01-22|isbn=978-2-7384-2656-7}}<br />
<br />
{{Ethnic groups of Madagascar}}<br />
{{Indian diaspora}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:Malagasy people of Indian descent]]<br />
[[Category:Indian diaspora by country|Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:Indian diaspora in Africa]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murad_Mirza_(son_of_Akbar)&diff=464630Murad Mirza (son of Akbar)2026-02-26T15:53:21Z<p>KatherinDenmark: added info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Mughal prince (1570–1599)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Murad Mirza <br> مراد میرزا<br />
| title = [[Shah#Shahzada|Shahzada]] of the [[Mughal Empire]]<br>[[Mirza (name)|Mirza]]<br />
| image = Portrait of Mughal prince Sultan Murad (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Portrait of Murad, c. 1600<br />
| house-type = <br />
| father = [[Akbar]]<br />
| mother = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1570|06|15|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Fatehpur Sikri]], [[Agra]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1599|5|12|1570|6|15|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Mughal Empire]]<br />
| spouse = {{Marriage|Habiba Banu Begum<br/>|15 May 1587}}<br />
| issue = {{plainlist|<br />
*Rustam Mirza<br />
*Alam Mirza<br />
*Jahan Banu Begum}}<br />
| house = [[Mughal dynasty]]<br />
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]<br />
| dynasty = [[Timurid dynasty]]<br />
| burial_place = [[Humayun's Tomb]]<br />
| burial_date = 13 May 1599<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Murad Mirza''' ({{langx|fa|مراد میرزا}}; 15 June 1570<ref>[[Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh]], p. 395</ref> – 12 May 1599)<ref>[[Ain-i-Akbari|Ain-i-Akbari volume2]]</ref> was a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince and the second surviving son of [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]]. He was raised by [[Salima Sultan Begum]] until the age of 5. He was the maternal grandfather of [[Nadira Banu Begum]], wife of Prince [[Dara Shikoh]] (eldest son of the emperor [[Shah Jahan]]).<br />
<br />
==Birth and education==<br />
A few months after the birth of [[Jahangir|Prince Salim]] (who would become the emperor Jahangir), another son was born to Akbar from a royal concubine and he was named Murad. Since he was born in the mountains of Fatehpur, he was called "Pahari”.<ref name=Murad >{{cite book |title= The Jahangirnama |first=Thackston |last=Wheeler McIntosh |page=37 |date=1999 |publisher=Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery |isbn=978-0-19-512718-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/37/mode/1up?q=murad |quote=after the birth of prince Salim, another son was born to one of the serving-girls (concubine). He was named Murad. Since he was born in the mountains of Fatehpur, he was called "Pahari” His complexion was dark, and he was tall in stature, inclining to be portly. Gravity was appar- ent in his manner, and bravery and man- liness were evident from his conduct}}</ref> He was entrusted to [[Salima Sultan Begum]] for upbringing who undertook it till 1575 as she left for Hajj thereafter.<br />
<br />
Murad was first educated by [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]] and, as from 1580, by Jesuit priests [[Antoni de Montserrat]]<ref name="sgs">{{Cite journal|author=Spanish Geographical Society|title=Antonio de Montserrat in the final frontier|journal=Newsletter of the Spanish Geographical Society|url=http://www.sge.org/sociedad-geografica-espanola/publicaciones/boletines/numeros-publicados/boletin-no-43/antoni-de-montserrat-en-la-ultima-frontera.html|volume=43|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126074311/http://www.sge.org/sociedad-geografica-espanola/publicaciones/boletines/numeros-publicados/boletin-no-43/antoni-de-montserrat-en-la-ultima-frontera.html|archive-date=2015-11-26}}</ref> (as a tutor) and Francisco Aquaviva, who were called up by Akbar himself to teach Murad Portuguese and the basics of Christianity.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}<br />
<br />
Murad became the first Mughal prince to be educated by western Jesuit priests or, as Dr. [[Oscar R. Gómez]] points out, the first person to be educated in the paradigmatic model driven by Murad's father [[Akbar|Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar]], the 3rd Dalai Lama [[3rd Dalai Lama|Sonam Gyatso]], and Jesuit Antoni de Montserrat, which resulted in the current existentialist model.<ref name=org>{{cite book|last=Gomez|first=Oscar R.|title= Tantrism in the Society of Jesus – from Tibet to the Vatican today |url=https://www.academia.edu/19202701 |year=2013|publisher=Editorial MenteClara|isbn=978-987-24510-3-5 |page=28}}</ref><br />
<br />
Hence, Sultan Murad Pahari has become the first person resulting from the amalgamation of Tibetan tantric Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gomez|first=Oscar R.|title= Antonio de Montserrat – Biography of the first Jesuit initiated in Tibetan Tantric Buddhism |url=https://www.academia.edu/19586252 |year=2015|publisher=Editorial MenteClara |isbn=978-987-24510-4-2 |page=32}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Military command==<br />
In 1577 (at the age of seven), Murad was awarded his first military rank, receiving a ''mansab'' of 7000 men.<ref>[[Mansabdari]] system</ref> In 1584, after he attained puberty, this was enhanced to 9000 men.<ref>Dr. Ricard Von Garbe, Akbar, The Emperor Of India, 1909</ref> From 1593 Prince Murad was in command of the army in the Deccan.<ref name="Gascioigne">{{cite book| last=Gascioigne| first= Bamber| author-link= Bamber Gascoigne| title= A Brief History of the Great Moghuls: India's most flamboyant rulers| page=113}}</ref> He was ineffective in command largely due to his drunkenness.<ref name="Gascioigne"/> His condition led to his replacement by Abu'l-Fazl, who arrived at Murad's camp in early May.<ref name="Gascioigne"/><br />
<br />
== Later life and death ==<br />
Due to his failed expedition to [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmadnagar]], Murad Mirza fell into chronic grief and was pushed further into despair on the death of his son, Rustum and turned to excessive drinking. This excessive drinking led to illnesses like epilepsy and chronic indigestion.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Fazl|first=Abul|title=The Akbarnama|publisher=ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL|volume=III|location=Calcutta|pages=1127–27|translator-last=Beveridge|translator-first=Henry}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 1599, Murad started his march towards Ahmadnagar in order to avoid going to Agra and meeting the [[Akbar|Emperor]]. On 6 May 1599, he had a severe seizure and subsequently died in an unconscious state on 12 May, near Ahmadnagar.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Family==<br />
Prince Murad's only wife was Habiba Banu Begum, the daughter of [[Mirza Aziz Koka]], known as Khan Azam.<ref>{{cite book|author=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|publisher=Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society|pages=1899}}</ref> He was the son of Akbar's milk mother, Jiji Anga. The marriage took place on 15 May 1587, when Murad was seventeen.{{sfn|Beveridge|1907|p=791}} She was the mother of Rustam Mirza, born on 27 August 1588{{sfn|Beveridge|1907|p=807}} and died on 30 November 1597,{{sfn|Beveridge|1907|p=1097}} and Alam Mirza, born on 4 November 1590 and died in infancy.{{sfn|Beveridge|1907|p=881}} His only daughter Princess Jahan Banu Begum was married to Prince [[Parviz Mirza]], son of Emperor [[Jahangir]]. This marriage was held at the palace of his mother, [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=Emperor|last1=Jahangir|first2=Alexander|last2=Rogers|first3=Henry|last3=Beveridge|title=The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri; or, Memoirs of Jahangir. Translated by Alexander Rogers. Edited by Henry Beveridge|url=https://archive.org/details/b29352423_0001|publisher=London Royal Asiatic Society|year=1909|pages=[https://archive.org/details/b29352423_0001/page/78 78], 81}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Governorships==<br />
* [[Malwa Subah|Malwa]] 1590–1594<br />
* [[Berar Subah|Berar]] 1596–1599<br />
* [[Assam]] 1595–1597<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book|title=Akbarnama of Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak – Volume III|first=Henry|last=Beveridge|year=1907|publisher=Asiatic Society, Calcutta}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirza, Sultan Murad}}<br />
[[Category:1570 births]]<br />
[[Category:1599 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Mughal princes]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mariam-uz-Zamani]]<br />
[[Category:Sons of emperors]]<br />
[[Category:Subahdars of Malwa]]<br />
[[Category:16th-century Mughal Empire people]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_mayors_of_Kolkata&diff=464091List of mayors of Kolkata2026-02-26T12:25:16Z<p>KatherinDenmark: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|None}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=December 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox political post<br />
| status= First Citizen of Kolkata <br />
| insignia = <br />
| insigniasize = 150px<br />
| nominator =<br />
| department = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]<br />
| post = Mayor<br />
| body = Kolkata<br />
| image = Firhad Hakim.jpg<br />
| imagesize =<br />
| style = Honorable Mayor<br />
| member_of = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]<br />
| incumbent = [[Firhad Hakim]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 22 November 2018<br />
| seat = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation|KMC]], Headquarter<br />
| appointer = Electorate of [[Kolkata]]<br />
| termlength = Five years, renewable<br />
| deputy = [[Atin Ghosh]]<br />
| inaugural = [[Chittaranjan Das]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1924|04|16}}<br />
| residence = Chetla, Kolkata - 700027<br />
| precursor =<br />
| insigniacaption = [[Seal]] of [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]<br />
|website = {{URL|https://www.kmcgov.in}}<br />
}}<br />
The '''Mayor of Kolkata''' is the chief executive of the [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]], one of the [[Civic administration of Kolkata|civic authorities]] in the [[India]]n city of [[Kolkata]]. He is the ''First Citizen'' of the city of [[Kolkata]]. There have been 38 mayors of Kolkata in total till now{{When|date=February 2026}} since the first mayoral election in 1924.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The first [[Kolkata]] Municipal Election was held on 16 April 1924, during the time of [[British India]], under the ''Calcutta Municipal Act, 1923 - Bengal Act III of 1923''.<ref name="kmc-list" /> Mayors were elected on an annual basis. No corporation elections were held, therefore there was no mayor, from 1948 to 1952, since the Calcutta Municipal Corporation had been superseded by the State Government by ''The Corporation of Calcutta (Temporary Supersession) Act, 1948''.<ref name="kmc-list" /> In 1952 further mayors were appointed on an annual basis under the ''Calcutta Municipal Act, West Bengal Act XXXIII of 1951''.<ref name="kmc-list" /> There was another break in mayoral elections from 1972 during which time the Municipal Corporation had been superseded by the State Government on the Orders of the Governor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Calcutta Corporation - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Calcutta_Corporation |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=en.banglapedia.org |language=en}}</ref> From 1985 mayors were elected on a five year term under the ''Calcutta Municipal Corporation Act, 1980 West Bengal Act LIX of 1980''.<ref name="kmc-list" /><br />
<br />
==List of mayors==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+List of Mayors of Kolkata<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | S. No.<br />
! colspan=1| Name<br />
! colspan=1| Portrait<br />
! colspan=3| Term<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/MayorsKolkata.jsp|title = Official Website of Kolkata Municipal Corporation}}</ref><br />
! colspan=2| Party<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
| colspan="8" align=center|Under ''Calcutta Municipal Act, 1923 - Bengal Act III of 1923''<br />
|-- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 1<br />
| [[Chittaranjan Das]]<br />
| [[File:Chittaranjan Das 2.jpg|119x119px]]<br />
| 16 April 1924<br />
| 16 July 1925<br />
| {{age in years and days|sortable=table|1924|4|16|1925|7|16}}<br />
| rowspan="8" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| width="4px" rowspan="8" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 2<br />
| [[Jatindra Mohan Sengupta]]<br />
| [[File:Deshpriya Jatindra Mohan Sengupta.jpg|100px]]<br />
| 17 July 1925<br />
| 3 February 1928<br />
| {{age in years and days|sortable=table|1925|7|17|1928|2|3}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 3<br />
| Bijoy Kumar Basu<br />
|<br />
| 4 February 1928<br />
| 9 April 1929<br />
| {{age in years and days|sortable=table|1928|2|4|1929|4|9}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! (2)<br />
| [[Jatindra Mohan Sengupta]]<br />
| [[File:Deshpriya Jatindra Mohan Sengupta.jpg|100px]]<br />
| 10 April 1929<br />
| 21 August 1930<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1929|4|10|1930|8|21}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 4<br />
| [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]<br />
| [[File:Subhas Chandra Bose NRB.jpg|126x126px]]<br />
| 22 August 1930<br />
| 14 April 1931<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1930|8|22|1931|4|14}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 5<br />
| [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]<br />
| [[File:Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy in 1943 (cropped).jpg|88x88px]]<br />
| 15 April 1931<br />
| 8 April 1933<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1931|4|15|1933|4|8}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 6<br />
| Santosh Kumar Basu<br />
|<br />
| 9 April 1933<br />
| 3 July 1934<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1933|4|9|1934|7|3}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 7<br />
| [[Nalini Ranjan Sarkar]]<br />
| <br />
| 4 July 1934<br />
| 29 April 1935<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1934|7|4|1935|4|29}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 8<br />
| [[AK Fazlul Huq|Abul Kasem Fazlul Haque]]<br />
| [[File:A k fazlul hoque.jpg|120x120px]]<br />
| 30 April 1935<br />
| 28 April 1936<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1935|4|30|1936|4|28}}<br />
|[[Krishak Praja Party]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 9<br />
| Harisankar Paul<br />
|<br />
| 29 April 1936<br />
| 27 April 1937<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1936|4|29|1937|4|27}}<br />
|rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| width="4px" rowspan=4 style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 10<br />
| Sanat Kumar Roy Chowdhury<br />
|<br />
| 28 April 1937<br />
| 28 April 1938<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1937|4|28|1938|4|28}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 11<br />
| A.K.M. Zakaria<br />
|<br />
| 29 April 1938<br />
| 25 April 1939<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1938|4|29|1939|4|25}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 12<br />
| Nishith Chandra Sen<br />
|<br />
| 26 April 1939<br />
| 23 April 1940<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1939|4|26|1940|4|23}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 13<br />
| [[Abdur Rahman Siddiqui]]<br />
|[[File:1921 Abdur Rahman Siddiqui.jpg|frameless|113x113px]]<br />
| 24 April 1940<br />
| 27 April 1941<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1940|4|24|1941|4|27}}<br />
|[[All-India Muslim League]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|All-India Muslim League}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 14<br />
| Phanindra Nath Brahma<br />
|<br />
| 28 April 1941<br />
| 28 April 1942<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1941|4|28|1942|4|28}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| width="4px" rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 15<br />
| Hem Chandra Naskar<br />
|[[File:Hemchandra Naskar.webp|frameless|85x85px]]<br />
| 29 April 1942<br />
| 29 April 1943<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1942|4|29|1943|4|29}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 16<br />
| [[Syed Badrudduja]]<br />
|[[File:Syed Badrudduja.jpg|frameless|121x121px]]<br />
| 30 April 1943<br />
| 25 April 1944<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1943|4|30|1944|4|25}}<br />
|[[All-India Muslim League]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|All-India Muslim League}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 17<br />
| Anandi Lal Poddar<br />
|<br />
| 26 April 1944<br />
| 26 April 1945<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1944|4|26|1945|4|26}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| width="4px" rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 18<br />
| Debendra Nath Mukherjee<br />
|<br />
| 27 April 1945<br />
| 28 April 1946<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1945|4|27|1946|4|28}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 19<br />
| Syed Mohammed Usman<br />
|<br />
| 29 April 1946<br />
| 28 April 1947<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1946|4|29|1947|4|28}}<br />
|[[Krishak Praja Party]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 20<br />
| Sudhir Chandra Ray Chaudhuri<br />
|<br />
| 29 April 1947<br />
| 23 March 1948<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1947|4|29|1948|3|23}}<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
| colspan="8" align=center|Under ''Calcutta Municipal Act, West Bengal Act XXXIII of 1951''<br />
|-style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 21<br />
| {{ill|Nirmal Chandra Chunder|bn|নির্মলচন্দ্র চন্দ্র}}<br />
|<br />
| 1 May 1952<br />
| 5 March 1953<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1952|5|01|1953|3|5}}<br />
|rowspan="10" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| width="4px" rowspan=10 style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 22<br />
| Naresh Nath Mookherjee<br />
|<br />
| 6 March 1953<br />
| 24 April 1955<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1953|3|06|1955|4|24}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 23<br />
| Satish Chandra Ghosh<br />
|<br />
| 25 April 1955<br />
| 28 April 1957<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1955|4|25|1957|4|28}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 24<br />
| [[Triguna Sen]]<br />
| <br />
| 29 April 1957<br />
| 7 April 1959<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1957|4|29|1959|4|07}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 25<br />
| Bejoy Kumar Banerjee<br />
|<br />
| 8 April 1959<br />
| 5 April 1960<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1959|4|08|1960|4|05}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 26<br />
| Keshab Chandra Basu<br />
|<br />
| 6 April 1960<br />
| 27 April 1961<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1960|4|06|1961|4|27}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 27<br />
| Rajendranath Majumdar<br />
|<br />
| 28 April 1961<br />
| 7 April 1963<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1961|4|28|1963|4|07}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 28<br />
| Chittaranjan Chatterjee<br />
|<br />
| 8 April 1963<br />
| 25 April 1965<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1963|4|08|1965|4|25}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 29<br />
| Priti Kumar Roy Chowdhury<br />
|<br />
| 26 April 1965<br />
| 23 April 1967<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1965|4|26|1967|4|23}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 30<br />
| Gobinda Chandra Dey<br />
|<br />
| 24 April 1967<br />
| 12 June 1969<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1967|4|24|1969|6|12}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 31<br />
| [[Prasanta Sur]]<br />
| [[File:Prasanta Sur - Calcutta 1995-06-15 019.jpg|75px]]<br />
| 13 June 1969<br />
| 22 April 1971<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1969|6|13|1971|4|22}}<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 32<br />
| Shyam Sundar Gupta<br />
|<br />
| 23 April 1971<br />
| 22 March 1972<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1971|4|23|1972|3|22}}<br />
|[[All India Forward Bloc]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
| colspan="8" align=center|Under ''Calcutta Municipal Corporation Act, 1980 West Bengal Act LIX of 1980''<br />
|-style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 33<br />
| [[Kamal Basu|Kamal Kumar Basu]]<br />
| <br />
| 30 July 1985<br />
| 29 July 1990<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1985|7|30|1990|7|29}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
| width="4px" rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 34<br />
| [[Prasanta Chatterjee]]<br />
|[[File:Prasanta Chatterjee - Meeting Between CMC And NCSM Officers - Science City Site - Dhapa - Calcutta 1993-04-22 0588.JPG|frameless|119x119px]]<br />
| 30 July 1990<br />
| 11 July 2000<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1990|7|30|2000|7|11}}<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 35<br />
| [[Subrata Mukherjee]]<br />
|<br />
| 12 July 2000<br />
| 4 July 2005<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2000|7|12|2005|7|04}}<br />
|[[Trinamool Congress]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 36<br />
| [[Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya]]<br />
| <br />
| 5 July 2005<br />
| 15 June 2010<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2005|7|05|2010|6|15}}<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 37<br />
| [[Sovan Chatterjee]]<br />
| [[File:Sovan Chatterjee - Kolkata 2015-10-22 6615.JPG|75px]]<br />
| 16 June 2010<br />
| 21 November 2018<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2010|6|16|2018|11|22}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Trinamool Congress]]<br />
| width="4px" rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}" |<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
! 38<br />
| [[Firhad Hakim]]<br />
| [[File:Firhad Hakim.jpg|75px]]<br />
| 22 November 2018<br />
| ''Incumbent''<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2018|11|22}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references><br />
<br />
<ref name="kmc-list">{{cite web |title=Mayors of Kolkata |url=https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/MayorsKolkata.jsp |website=[[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]] |accessdate=18 February 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
</references><br />
<br />
[[Category:Mayors of Kolkata| ]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of mayors of places in India|Kolkata]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madho_Rao_Scindia&diff=455023Madho Rao Scindia2026-02-26T10:12:49Z<p>KatherinDenmark: adjust intro per standard format after review</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Maharaja of Gwalior from 1886 to 1925}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Sir Madho Rao Scindia I<br><small>{{nobold|{{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCSI|GCVO|GBE|size=90%}}}}</small><br />
| title = [[Maharaja Scindia]] of [[Gwalior State|Gwalior]]<br />
| more = <br />
| image = Madhavrao Shinde, GCSI, GCVO.jpg<br />
| caption = Formal portrait, 1911<br />
| reign = 20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925<br />
| coronation = <br />
| predecessor = [[Jayajirao Scindia]]<br />
| successor = [[Jivaji Rao Scindia]]<br />
| spouse = Maharani Gajara Raje Rane<br />
| issue = [[Jivaji Rao Scindia]]<br />
| house = [[Scindia Dynasty]]<br />
| father = [[Jayajirao Scindia]]<br />
| mother = Sakhyabai Raje Sahib Scindia Bahadur<br />
| birth_date = 20 October 1876<br />
| birth_place = Jai Vilas Palace, [[Gwalior#Lashkar|Laskhar]], Gwalior<br />
| death_date = 5 June 1925 (aged 48)<br />
| death_place = [[Paris]], [[French Third Republic|France]]<br />
| burial_place = [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]] (cremated)|<br />
}}<br />
[[Maharaja]] '''Sir Madhorao Scindia I of Gwalior''' (20 October 1876 – 5 June 1925), was the 6th [[Maharaja]] of [[Gwalior State|Gwalior]] belonging to the Scindia dynasty of the [[Maratha]]s.<br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
<br />
[[File:Pav Anna copper coins from the Princely state of Gwalior, during the reign of Scende dynasty.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Copper coins, minted in [[Gwalior]], issued on the name of Madho Rao Scindia]]<br />
Madho Rao acceded to the throne in 1886 and ruled until his death in 1925. He was noted by the [[British Government]] as a progressive ruler of a [[princely state]]. He was married twice, but only had children with his second wife in 1913, one son and one daughter, to whom [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] and [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]] stood sponsors. He was succeeded by his son, Maharajdhiraja Maharaja Sir [[George Jivaji Rao Scindia]], 7th Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior. His daughter married, but died without children in 1934.<br />
<br />
The Maharaja of Gwalior is also known as the rejected suitor of [[Gayatri Devi]]'s mother, the glamorous Princess Indira of Baroda ([[Indira Devi]]), who broke off her engagement (contracted between her parents and her fiancé) by letter. The Maharaja then married Gajararaje from the Rane family of Goa. Later on, Gajararaje's sisters were married into the notable Sardar families of Gwalior, which included the Angre, Shitole & the Mahadik Families.<br />
<br />
The Maharaja received a number of honours and decorations from the United Kingdom and other Indian States. He was appointed Honorary [[Aide-de-camp#United Kingdom|Aide-de-camp]] to [[King Edward VII]] in 1901, in recognition of his support during the [[Boxer Rebellion]] in China.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27337 |date=24 July 1901 |page=4916 |supp=y}}</ref> In May of the following year, he received the honorary degree [[LL.D.]] from the [[University of Cambridge]].<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=University intelligence |date=28 May 1902 |page=12 |issue=36779}}</ref> He was invested as Knight Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]] (GCVO) on 2 February 1903, during a visit to British India, including Gwalior, by the [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn|Duke]] and [[Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia|Duchess]] of Connaught.<ref name=TT03021903>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The Duke of Connaught|date=3 February 1903 |page=3 |issue=36994}}</ref><ref name=LG27539>{{London Gazette |issue=27539 |date=31 March 1903 |page=2140}}</ref><br />
[[Image:MadhoRaoScindia.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Madhorao Scindia, {{circa|1903}}]]<br />
An interesting story is that Madho Rao, the Maharajah of Gwalior, helped to fund the completion of a set of mosaics in the [[Church of the Ascension, Timoleague|Church of the Ascension]] in [[Timoleague]], County Cork, [[Ireland]]. The mosaics are of particular note, begun in 1894 by Mr. Robert Augustus Travers of Timoleague House in memory of family members, continued in 1918 by his son Robert in commemoration of his father and brother who were killed at [[Gallipoli Campaign|Gallipoli]]. The last phase of the mosaics was at the expense of the Maharajah of Gwalior, installed as a memorial to his friend and physician, Lt. Col Crofts IMS from Councamore (near Timoleague), who had saved the life of his son. The mosaic was completed by Italian workmen in 1925, ten years after the doctor's death. The mosaic, most likely designed by the Church of Ireland architect W.H. Hill, is a blend of the European and the Islamic. The series of stained glass windows include a Warrington over the altar (east window), glass by Lavers, Westlake and also Mayer elsewhere. The architect Jeremy Williams wrote in "A Companion Guide to Architecture in Ireland 1837-1921" that "this building was a monument to a living friendship enshrined in a hidden masterpiece of the Arts and Crafts Movement in Ireland" and that it "transcended the sectarian divide between Irish Catholic and Protestant, the Indian Muslim and Hindu, personal friendship breaking up distinctions of caste and colour."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp?type=record&county=CO&regno=20856005|title=Buildings of Ireland - Church of the Ascension Timoleague}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
[[File:Maharaja of Gwalior India 1907.jpg|thumb|upright|Maharaja of Gwalior in 1907]]<br />
*1876-1886: [[Yuvaraja]] [[Maharaj]] Shrimant Madho Rao Scindia [[Khan Bahadur|Bahadur]]<br />
*1886-1895: [[His Highness]] Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, [[Maharajadhiraj]] Maharaja Shrimant Madho Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, [[Maharaja]] [[Scindia]] of [[Gwalior]]<br />
*1895-1898: His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant [[Sir]] Madho Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, [[GCSI]]<br />
*1898-1900: [[Colonel]] His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant Sir Madho Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, GCSI<br />
*1900-1903: Colonel His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant Sir Madho Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, GCSI<br />
*1903-1910: Colonel His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant Sir Madho Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, GCSI, [[GCVO]]<br />
*1910-1917: [[Major-General]] His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant Sir Madho Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, GCSI, GCVO<br />
*1917-1918: Major-General His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant Sir Madho Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, GCSI, GCVO, [[Knight Grand Cross of the British Empire|GBE]]<br />
*1918-1925: [[Lieutenant-General]] His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant Sir Madho Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, GCSI, GCVO, GBE<br />
<br />
==Honours==<br />
<br />
<div class="center"><br />
(ribbon bar, as it would look today; incomplete)<br />
<br />
[[File:ImperialOrderCrownIndiaRibbon.svg|100px]]<br />
[[File:Royal Victorian Order ribbon sm.jpg|100px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Order BritEmp (civil) rib.PNG|100px]]<br />
[[Image:Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg|100px]]<br />
[[File:Kaisar-i-Hind Medal.gif|100px]]<br />
[[File:India Medal BAR.svg|100px]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Third China War Medal BAR.svg|100px]]<br />
[[File:King Edward VII Coronation Medal (Military) ribbon.png|100px]]<br />
[[File:King George V Coronation Medal ribbon.png|100px]]<br />
[[File:Großherzoglich Hessischer Verdienstorden - ribbon bar.png|100px]]<br />
</div><br />
<br />
*[[Order of the Star of India|Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] (GCSI)-1895<br />
*[[Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]], 1st Class-1900<br />
*[[China War Medal (1900)]]-1901<br />
*[[Royal Victorian Order|Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]] (GCVO) – 2 February 1903<ref name=TT03021903 /><ref name=LG27539 /><br />
*[[King Edward VII Coronation Medal]]-1902<br />
*[[Order of Philip the Magnanimous|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Philip the Magnanimous of Hesse]] -1903<br />
*[[Delhi Durbar Medal (1903)|Delhi Durbar Gold Medal -1903]]<br />
*[[King George V Coronation Medal]] -1911<br />
*[[Venerable Order of Saint John|Bailiff Grand Cross of the Venerable Order of Saint John]] (GCStJ)-1911<br />
*[[Delhi Durbar Medal (1911)|Delhi Durbar Gold Medal -1911]]<br />
*[[Order of the British Empire|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]] (GBE)-1917<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{EB1922|no-prescript=1|wstitle=Gwalior, Sir Mahdo Rao Sindhia, Maharaja of}}<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-hou|[[Scindia|Scindia Dynasty]]||20 October 1876||5 June 1925}}<br />
{{s-reg|}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Jayajirao Scindia]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[Gwalior State|Maharaja of Gwalior]]|years=1886–1925}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[George Jivaji Rao Scindia]]}}<br />
{{end}}<br />
<br />
{{MarathaEmpire}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Scindia, Madho Rao}}<br />
[[Category:1876 births]]<br />
[[Category:1925 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Indian monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John]]<br />
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]]<br />
[[Category:Scindia dynasty|Madho Rao]]<br />
[[Category:British Indian Army personnel]]<br />
[[Category:Maharajas of Gwalior]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gajanan_Mehendale&diff=499632Gajanan Mehendale2026-02-25T06:43:55Z<p>KatherinDenmark: added new page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreliable sources|date=February 2026}}<br />
{{Short description|Indian historian and author (1947–2025)}}<br />
'''Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale''' (19 December 1947 – 17 September 2025) was an Indian historian and author, noted for his scholarship on [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] history, particularly the life and times of [[Shivaji|Shivaji Maharaj]] and the [[Peshwa|Peshwas]].<br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Born on 19 December 1947, Mehendale earned a postgraduate degree in defence studies from [[Savitribai Phule Pune University]]. In 1971, he briefly served as a war correspondent during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], during which he reported from the [[India]]–[[Pakistan]] and India–[[Bangladesh]] fronts, before devoting himself to historical research.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2025 |title=Noted historian Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale passes away at 78 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/noted-historian-gajanan-bhaskar-mehendale-passes-away-at-78-101758135016296.html |access-date=20 September 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career and scholarship ==<br />
A polyglot, Mehendale mastered [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Modi script|Modi]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]] and [[German language|German]], which he used extensively in his historical work. He was regarded as a leading authority on [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] history,<ref name=":0" /> especially on the life and military campaigns of the 17th-century Maratha ruler [[Shivaji|Shivaji Maharaj]] and the lives of the [[Peshwa]]s.<ref name="TIE">{{cite news |title=G B Mehendale, authority on Maratha history, passes away at 78 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/gajanan-bhaskar-mehendale-an-authority-on-maratha-and-shivaji-history-passes-away-at-78-10257371/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=19 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Raj Thackeray pays respect to late historian Gajanan Mehendale |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/raj-thackeray-pays-tribute-to-renowned-historian-gajanan-mehendale-23594608 |access-date=20 September 2025 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> His most acclaimed contribution was ''Shri Raja Shivchhatrapati (Two Volumes) and Shivaji: His Life and Times,'' biography of Shivaji Maharaj published in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and English. It is described by scholars as a uniquely detailed and evidence-based account.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news |title=6 books on Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s life and rule |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/6-books-on-chhatrapati-shivaji-maharajs-life-and-rule/photostory/99209773.cms |work=The Times of India |date=3 April 2023}}</ref> He also wrote ''Shivachatrapatinche'' ''Armar(The navy of Shivaji),'' ''[[Tipu Sultan|Tipu]] As He Really Was'', ''Islamchi Olakh: Bharatatil Islami Rajvatinche Dharmik Dhoran'' and ''Adilshahi Farmane (The Farmans of Adilshah)''. His writings have been widely referenced in academic circles in India and other countries.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="TIE" /><br />
<br />
In December 2003, Mehendale destroyed approximately 400 unpublished pages of his planned two-volume biography ''Shri Raja Shivchhatrapati''. The act was a protest against members of the [[Shiv Sena]], who had publicly smeared the face of Sanskrit scholar Shrikant Bahulkar with black ink following controversy around [[James Laine]]'s book ''Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 December 2003 |title=Scholar destroys own work on Shivaji |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/scholar-destroys-own-work-on-shivaji/articleshow/385627.cms |access-date=20 September 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=अग्रलेख: इतिहासाचे डोळस अभ्यासक |url=https://www.loksatta.com/sampadkiya/editorial/loksatta-editorial-historian-gajanan-bhaskar-mehendale-passes-away-amy-95-5382999/ |work=[[Loksatta]] |date=19 September 2025 |language=mr}}</ref> Mehendale had previously signed a letter that called for the complete withdrawal of ''Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sathaye |first=Addhesh |title=Censorship and Censureship: Insiders, Outsiders, and the Attack Censorship and Censureship: Insiders, Outsiders, and the Attack on Bhandarkar Institute |url=https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1360&context=jhcs |journal=Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies |volume=19 |pages=6}}</ref><br />
<br />
At the time of his death, he was researching [[Islam]] and the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Aurangzeb]], and was completing a 5,000 page manuscript on the [[Second World War]], which was nearly ready for publication by the time of Mehendale's death.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Personal life and death ==<br />
Mehendale never married. He died of a heart attack in [[Pune]], on 17 September 2025, at the age of 77.<ref>{{cite news |title=Eminent historian GB Mehendale passes away in Pune |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/eminent-historian-gb-mehendale-passes-away-in-pune/2925324 |access-date=20 September 2025 |work=www.ptinews.com |publisher=[[The Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> His body was kept at the [[Bharat Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal]] for public homage before cremation.<ref name=":0" /> <br />
<br />
[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] founder and chief [[Raj Thackeray]] paid tribute to Mehendale, praising his efforts to recover perspectives of the vanquished and describing him as a historian who maintained "complete neutrality."<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news |title=इतिहासाचं वेड लागलेलीच माणसं..; इतिहास संशोधक गजानन मेहेंदळेंच्या निधनानंतर राज ठाकरेंकडून भावना व्यक्त |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/maharashtra/raj-thackeray-post-on-eminent-historian-and-chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-scholar-gajanan-bhaskar-mehendale-death-1495125.html |work=[[TV9 Marathi]] |date=18 September 2025 |language=mr}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Mehendaḷe |first1=Gajānana Bhāskara |title=Śrī Rājā Śivachatrapatī |date=1996 |publisher=Gajānana Bhāskara Mehendaḷe |isbn=978-8187975038 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%C5%9Ar%C4%AB_R%C4%81j%C4%81_%C5%9Aivachatrapat%C4%AB/BQxuAAAAMAAJ |language=mr}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Mehendaḷe |first1=Gajānana Bhāskara |title=Śrī Rājā Śivachatrapatī |date=2007 |publisher=Ḍāyamaṇḍa Pablikeśansa |isbn=978-81-89724-90-0 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%C5%9Ar%C4%AB_R%C4%81j%C4%81_%C5%9Aivachatrapat%C4%AB/nCGmPwAACAAJ |language=hi}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Mehendaḷe |first1=Gajānana Bhāskara |title=Chhatrapati Shivaji: Saviour of Hindu India |date=2022 |publisher=Shri Bharati Prakashan |isbn=978-93-92813-93-1 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chhatrapati_Shivaji/zZYh0QEACAAJ |language=en}}<br />
* {{cite book |title=Tipu as He Really Was ''(e-book)'' |date=2018 |publisher=Amazon Asia-Pacific Holdings Private Limited |asin=B07C58GFD1 |pages=119 |url=https://www.amazon.in/Tipu-as-He-Really-Was-ebook/dp/B07C58GFD1 |language=en-in}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Mehendale |first1=Gajanan Bhaskar |title=Islamchi Olakh - Bharatatil Islami Rajvatinche Dharmik Dhoran |date=2024 |publisher=Aitihasik Sahitya Prakashan |isbn=978-9334062496 |pages=300 |url=https://www.amazon.in/Islamchi-Olakh-Bharatatil-Rajvatinche-Mehendale/dp/9334062495|language=mr}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Mehendale |first1=Gajanan |last2=Bedekar |first2=Ninad |last3=Loankar |first3=Ravindra |title=Adilshahi Farmane |publisher=Diamond Publishers |isbn=978-8189959456 |pages=208 |url=https://www.amazon.in/Aadilshahi-Farmane-Gajanan-Mehendale/dp/818995945X|language=mr}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehendale, Gajanan}}<br />
[[Category:1947 births]]<br />
[[Category:2025 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian historians]]<br />
[[Category:Historians of India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male non-fiction writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]<br />
[[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Indian war correspondents]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian biographers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male biographers]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurdwara_Baba_Gurditta&diff=501489Gurdwara Baba Gurditta2026-02-23T20:30:44Z<p>KatherinDenmark: Created redirect page</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Baba Gurditta#Legacy]]<br />
<br />
{{R from merge}}<br />
{{R to section}}</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coringa_Wildlife_Sanctuary&diff=446644Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary2026-02-22T06:56:05Z<p>KatherinDenmark: updated page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox protected area<br />
| name = Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary<br />
| alt_name = <br />
| iucn_category = IV<br />
| image = Coringa_Wildlife_Sanctuary_1.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = The Godavari Estuary in Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary<br />
| image_size = <br />
| map = India Andhra Pradesh#India<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location of Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh, India<br />
| map_width = <br />
| relief = 1<br />
| mapframe = Yes<br />
| mapframe-zoom = 8<br />
| location = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]<br />
| nearest_city = [[Kakinada]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|16|49|53|N|82|20|12|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br />
| coords_ref = <ref name="IBA" /><br />
| area = {{convert|235.7|km2|acre|abbr=on}}<br />
| established = {{start date|df=yes|1978|7|5}}<br />
| visitation_num = <br />
| visitation_year = <br />
| governing_body = [[Andhra Pradesh Forest Department]]<br />
| world_heritage_site = <br />
| url = {{URL|https://coringasanctuary.com}}<br />
| area_km2 = 235.7<br />
}}<br />
[[File:Mangroves map of Andhra Pradesh.png|thumb|280px|Map of Mangroves in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
'''Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary''' is an [[estuary]] situated near [[Kakinada]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wildlifeinindia.in/images/coringa.html |title= Wildlife in India |publisher=Wildlifeinindia.in |access-date=2012-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://forest.ap.nic.in/WL%20CORINGA.htm|title=Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary|publisher=Andhra Pradesh Forest Department|access-date=2012-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125005418/http://forest.ap.nic.in/WL%20CORINGA.htm|archive-date=25 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br />
It is the third largest stretch of [[mangrove]] [[forests]] in India with 24 mangrove tree species and more than 120 bird species. It is home to the [[critically endangered]] [[white-backed vulture]] and the [[Indian vulture|long billed vulture]].<ref name="IBA" /> Mangroves are a group of trees and shrubs that live in the coastal intertidal zone, with a dense tangle of prop roots that make the trees appear to be standing on stilts above the water. This tangle of roots allows the trees to handle the daily rise and fall of tides; hence, the mangrove forest gets flooded at least twice per day. The roots also slow the movement of tidal waters, causing sediments to settle out of the water and build up the muddy bottom.<br />
<br />
It also stabilizes the coastline, reducing erosion from storm surges, currents, waves, and tides. The intricate root system of the mangrove also makes the forest attractive to fish and other organisms seeking food and shelter from predators.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary is <br />
8&nbsp;km from the port city of [[Kakinada]], on the Kakinada-Yanam [[National Highway 216 (India)|National Highway 216]] in Chollangi Village, nestling on the deltaic branches of [[Godavari|Gouthami]] and [[Godavari]] Rivers at Kakinada Bay.<ref name="IBA" /><br />
<br />
It is located between 16°-30' to 17°-00' N latitudes and 82°-14' to 82°-23'E longitudes.<ref name="EG" /><br />
<br />
The sanctuary is a part of the [[Godavari]] [[estuary]] and has extensive mangrove and dry deciduous tropical forest.<ref name="IBA" /><br />
<br />
About half of the area is the [[backwater (river)|backwater]], which includes a sand pit of 18&nbsp;km length. The [[Koringa_River|rivers Coringa]] and Gaderu and their deltaic branches intersect the region, along with other water channels. This forms about {{Convert|335.7|km2}} of marsh vegetation.<ref name="IBA" /><br />
<br />
The average temperature of the region is {{Convert|17-40|C}}.<ref name="IBA" /><br />
<br />
Average rainfall is greater than 1,000&nbsp;mm.<ref name="IBA" /><br />
<br />
==Flora==<br />
The Sanctuary in the [[estuary]] of [[Godavari|River Godavari]] has rich mangrove vegetation.<ref name="IBA" /><ref name="EG">{{cite web|url=http://eastgodavari.nic.in/touristplaces/coringa.aspx |title=Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary East Godavari District |publisher=East Godavari District Web Portal |access-date=2012-07-31}}</ref> There are thirty five [[species]] of plants belonging to twenty four families. The plant species that are commonly found are:<br />
<br />
* ''[[Avicennia officinalis]]''<br />
* ''[[Avicennia marina]]''<br />
* ''[[Avicennia alba]]''<br />
* ''[[Excoecaria agallocha]]''<br />
* ''[[Rhizophora mucronata]]''<br />
* ''[[Ceriops decandra]]''<br />
* ''[[Bruguiera gymnorhiza]]''<br />
* ''[[Lumnitzera|Lumnitzera recemosa]]''<br />
* ''[[Sonneratia|Sonneratia apetala]]''<br />
* ''[[Rhizophora|Rhizophora conjugata]]''<br />
* ''[[Aegiceras corniculatum]]''<br />
* ''[[Thespesia populneoides]]''<br />
* ''[[Hibiscus tiliaceus]]''.<ref name="EG" /><br />
<br />
Apart from the tree [[species]], some of the [[shrubs]] found in the sanctuary are:<br />
<br />
* ''[[Dalbergia|Dalbergia spinosa]]''<br />
* ''[[Derris trifoliata]]''.<br />
<br />
Herbs like:<br />
<br />
* ''[[Sesuvium portulacastrum]]''<br />
* ''[[Suaeda maritima]]''<br />
* ''[[Suaeda|Suaeda monoica]]''<br />
* ''[[Salicornia|Salicornia brachiatta]]''<br />
<br />
and grasses like:<br />
<br />
* ''[[Aeluropus|Aeluropus lagopoides]]''<br />
* ''[[Porteresia|Porteresia coarctate]]''<br />
* ''[[Myriostachya wightiana]]''<br />
<br />
are found in the sanctuary.<ref name="EG" /><br />
<br />
==Fauna==<br />
[[File:River in coringa forest.jpg|thumb|Riverfront development along Koringa river]]<br />
The sanctuary possesses a wide variety of [[Bird|birds]], because of the feed available in the [[Backwater (river)|backwaters]] of the mangrove forest. During low tide, some of the areas are exposed (elevated mud flats) having small fishes, [[Shrimp|shrimps]] and [[Mollusca|mollusks]]. These attract avifauna for feeding. Some [[Critically endangered|critically endangered species]] like the [[white-backed vulture]] and the [[Indian vulture|long billed vulture]] are present in the sanctuary. The [[painted stork]], [[Black-headed ibis|Oriental white ibis]], [[ferruginous pochard]] found in the sanctuary are [[Near threatened|near threatened species]], and [[spot-billed pelican]] is a [[vulnerable species]]. Significant populations of [[wader]]s and mangrove birds are also present.<ref name="IBA" /> Altogether, more than 120 species of birds have been reported and among them some of the commonly found birds in the sanctuary are:<br />
<br />
* [[little egret]]<br />
* [[cattle egret]]<br />
* [[pied kingfisher]]<br />
* [[Cerulean kingfisher|small blue kingfisher]]<br />
* [[black-capped kingfisher]]<br />
* [[pond heron]]<br />
* [[Western reef heron|reef heron]]<br />
* [[grey heron]]<br />
* [[night heron]]<br />
* [[little stint]]<br />
* [[sandpiper]]<br />
* [[Common redshank|redshank]]<br />
* [[red-wattled lapwing]]<br />
* [[Greater coucal|crow pheasant]]<br />
* [[flamingos]]<br />
* [[sea gulls]]<br />
* [[purple heron]]<br />
* [[Brahminy kite|brahmini kite]]<br />
* [[openbill stork]]<br />
* [[little cormorant]].<ref name="EG" /><br />
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Apart from the avian fauna, the sanctuary has a fair population of [[golden jackal]], [[sea turtle]] and [[fishing cat]], and a healthy breeding population of [[smooth-coated otter]]. The sanctuary has an 18-km long sand pit where [[olive ridley sea turtle]]s nest from January to March every year.<ref name="IBA" /><ref name="EG" /> Efforts to reintroduce the [[saltwater crocodile]] into the sanctuary during the 1970s met with failure and the species has not been present within the sanctuary for over 30 years.<br />
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==Threats and conservation issues==<br />
[[File:Macha the Fishing cat sculpture in Coringa reserve.jpg|thumb|Macha the Fishing cat sculpture in the Reserve]]<br />
As it is easy to access and in close vicinity to the port town of [[Kakinada]] and nearby villages, which are largely inhabited, the [[Mangrove|mangroves]] are being exploited by the local population. A socio-economic study by the Indian Bird Conservation Network<ref name="IBA" /> found that most of the local fishermen harvest wood in the forest and depend heavily on the mangroves for their basic needs. The species ''[[Avicennia officinalis]]'' and ''[[Avicennia marina]]'' are being used for [[Wood fuel|fuelwood]].<ref name="IBA" /><br />
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The existence of [[otters]] has been hit badly because of increased [[poaching]] and [[habitat destruction]]. The increasing industrialization of the [[Godavari River|Godavari Delta]], increasing [[aquaculture]] activities and fishing pressure have severely affected the population of [[otters]]. The [[Andhra Pradesh Forest Department]] has taken steps to ensure conservation of otters and for [[afforestation]] of mangroves in the sanctuary.<ref name="IBA">{{cite web | url = http://ibcn.in/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/13-136-168-Andhra-Pradesh.pdf | title = Important Bird Areas in India - Andhra Pradesh | publisher = Indian Bird Conservation Network | access-date = 30 July 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130411070224/http://ibcn.in/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/13-136-168-Andhra-Pradesh.pdf | archive-date = 11 April 2013 }}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{commons category|Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary}}<br />
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{{Protected areas of Andhra Pradesh}}<br />
{{Wildlife sanctuaries of Andhra Pradesh}}<br />
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[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Kakinada]]<br />
[[Category:1978 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1978]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sigli,_India&diff=535785Sigli, India2026-02-19T22:17:30Z<p>KatherinDenmark: new redirect</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Dehradun district]]<br />
{{R from merge}}{{R from alternative transliteration}}</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jayant_Shridhar_Tilak&diff=455617Jayant Shridhar Tilak2026-02-16T16:39:04Z<p>KatherinDenmark: add lead to improve readability</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian politician (1921–2001)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder <br />
| name= Jayantrao Tilak<br />
| image= <br />
| caption = <br />
| birthname = Jayant Shridhar Tilak<br />
| alias = <br />
| birth_date = 12 October 1921<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| death_date = 23 April 2001 <br>(aged 79)<br />
| nationality= British Indian {{small|(1921-1945)}} <br/> Indian {{small|(1947-2001)}}<br />
| occupation = Politician<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| office1 = [[List of chairpersons of the Maharashtra Legislative Council|Chairman of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
| term_start1 = 23 September 1982<br />
| term_end1 = 7 July 1998<br />
| predecessor1 = [[R. S. Gavai]]<br />
| successor1 = Bhaurao Tulshiram Deshmukh<br />
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]<br />
| term_start3 = 03 April 1974<br />
| term_end3 = 02 April 1980<br />
| term_start4= 03 April 1968<br />
| term_end4 = 02 April 1974<br />
| constituency4= [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]<br />
| office2 = [[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Member of Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
| term_start2= 23 September 1982<br />
| term_end2 = 7 July 1998<br />
| spouse = <br />
| relatives= [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] (grandfather)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Jayant Shridhar Tilak''' (12 October 1921 – 23 April 2001), generally referred to as '''Jayantrao Tilak''', was a politician from [[Indian National Congress]] and was a member of the [[Parliament of India]] representing [[Maharashtra]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the [[Indian Parliament]]. He was also a Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rajya Sabha Web Site|url= http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/t.pdf |page=5 |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref> He was the chairman of the house for 16 years.<br />
<br />
==Early life and family==<br />
Jayantrao Tilak was a grandson of the [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence leader]], [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak|Lokmanya Tilak]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Mahatma Gandhi|title=Letter To Jayant S Tilak (1st May 1945), ( in Collected Works /Volume 86 )|url=http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/gwiki/index.php/Collected_Works/Volume_86/Letter_To_Jayant_S_Tilak_%281st_May_1945%29|access-date=9 January 2012}}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Jayantrao's father, [[Shridhar Balwant Tilak]] was a campaigner for social reforms in India. He worked with [[B.R. Ambedkar]] to eradicate [[untouchability]] in the 1920s. Dispute with family members and trustees of Kesari led Shridharpant to commit suicide in 1928.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sukhdeo Thorat|title=9th Dr. Asghar Ali Engineer Memorial Lecture on 5th August 2017 "Why Untouchability, Caste Discrimination and Atrocities still persists despite Law? Reflections on Causes for Persistence and Solutions"|url= https://csss-isla.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Why-Untouchability-and-Atrocities-Persists-Despite-Laws-by-Prof.-Sukhadeo-Thorart.pdf}}</ref><ref name="PaswanJaideva2002">{{cite book|author1=Sanjay Paswan|author2=Pramanshi Jaideva|title=Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ess-9bebEYC&pg=PA9|year=2002|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7835-128-5|pages=123–124}}</ref><br />
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Jayant-rao Tilak's son, Deepak Tilak, is the Vice Chancellor of [[Tilak Maharashtra University|Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth]], a [[deemed University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tmv.edu.in/aboutvc.asp|title=Tilak Maharastra Vidyapeeth|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-date=25 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625044640/http://tmv.edu.in/aboutvc.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rohit Tilak, Deepak Tilak's son, was accused of rape in 2017. The case is pending in the court of law.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/623449/tilaks-descendent-booked-rape.html|title=Tilak's descendent booked for rape|date=19 July 2017}}</ref> Rohit Tilak contested 2009 assembly elections as a Congress candidate. Jayant Tilak's nephew Shailesh is associated with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). [[Mukta Tilak]], Shailesh Tilak's wife and Jayant Tilak's niece-in-law, was the first mayor from BJP in Pune Corporation in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/civic/first-bjp-mayor-from-tilak-family/articleshow/57656817.cms|title = First BJP mayor from Tilak family}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/pune-news/bjps-mukta-tilak-elected-as-mayor-in-pune-municipal-corporation/articleshow/57646949.cms|title = पुण्याच्या महापौरपदी भाजपच्या मुक्ता टिळक}}</ref> In 2019, Mukta Tilak was elected to Maharashtra assembly as a BJP candidate from [[Kasba Peth (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kasba Peth]].<br />
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==Death==<br />
Jayant Shridhar Tilak died on 23 April 2001.<ref>{{cite web |title= Jayantrao Tilak is dead | url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/apr/23jay.htm |publisher=Rediff Web Site}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tilak, Jayantrao}}<br />
[[Category:1921 births]]<br />
[[Category:2001 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Pune]]<br />
[[Category:Chairs of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1960–1962]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirabehn&diff=452595Mirabehn2026-02-08T17:43:46Z<p>KatherinDenmark: brief correct lead to improve readability also and cleaned formatting after review</p>
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<div>{{Short description|English activist of the Indian independence movement (1892–1982)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = <br />
| image = Madeleine Slade 1983 stamp of India.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Mirabehn on a 1983 stamp of India<br />
| birth_name = Madeleine Slade<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1892|11|22|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|07|20|1892|11|22|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Vienna, Austria]]<br />
| other_names = <br />
| occupation = <br />
| years_active = <br />
| known_for = <br />
| notable_works = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Madeleine Slade''' (22 November 1892 – 20 July 1982), also known as '''Mirabehn''' or '''Meera Behn''', was a British supporter of the [[Indian Independence Movement]]<!--There was no such thing as a British citizen until 1948 --> who in the 1920s left her home in England to live and work with [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. She devoted her life to human development and the advancement of [[Gandhism|Gandhi's principles]].<br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Madeleine Slade was born on 22 November 1892 to a well connected British family. Her father, [[Rear-Admiral]] [[Edmond Slade|Sir Edmond Slade]] was in her early years an officer in the [[Royal Navy]] who served as the Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Squadron, and later became director of the [[Naval Intelligence Division (United Kingdom)|Naval Intelligence Division]] of the [[Admiralty War Staff]].<ref name="independent.academia">{{cite web|last=Lindley|first=Mark|title=Mirabehn, Gandhi and Beethoven|url=https://independent.academia.edu/MLindley/Papers/1248421/Mirabehn_Gandhi_and_Beethoven|publisher=Academia.edu}}</ref> Her mother Florence Madeleine, née Saunders, was the eldest daughter of James Carr Saunders of Milton Heath, [[Dorking]], but was born in [[Reigate, Surrey]] in 1870). Sir Edmond and his wife also had another daughter, Madeline's sister Rhona.<br />
<br />
Madeleine spent much of her childhood with her mother's family, who owned a large country estate. Her maternal grandfather was from an early age a nature and animal lover,<ref name="indiaenvironmentportal">{{cite web|last=Gupta|first=Krishna Murti|title=Mira Behn: A friend of nature|url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/opinion/mira-behn-friend-nature|date=14 August 1993|publisher=India Environment Portal}}</ref> having developed a particular love for horses, and for riding them.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Ramchandra |title=Rebels Against the Raj, Western Fighters for India's Freedom |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=2022 |isbn=9781101874837 |edition=1st |location=United States |pages=107–110, 112–113, 115–116, 121–122, 125–130, 250–251, 253–255, 257 |language=En}}</ref><br />
<br />
At the age of 15, Madeleine developed a passion for [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]'s music.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Sereny |first=Gitta |date=1982-11-14 |title=A LIFE WITH GANDHI |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/14/magazine/a-life-with-gandhi.html |access-date=2023-03-22 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> She took to the piano and concerts and went on to become a concert manager. In 1921, she arranged for a German conductor to lead the [[London Symphony Orchestra|London Orchestra]] in concerts featuring Beethoven, and helped bring about an end to the British boycott of German musicians that followed the [[First World War]].<ref name="independent.academia" /><br />
<br />
She also visited [[Vienna]] and Germany to see where Beethoven had lived and composed his music and she read about him extensively. She read [[Romain Rolland]]'s books on Beethoven and later met with him at [[Villeneuve, Vaud|Villeneuve]], where he was living at the time. During this meeting, Rolland mentioned a new book of his called [[Mahatma Gandhi]], which she had not read. Rolland described Gandhi as another Christ and as the greatest figure of the 20th century.<ref name="independent.academia" /><ref name="indiaenvironmentportal" /> On her return to England, she read Rolland's biography of Gandhi, which convinced her to become a disciple of the Mahatma. She later recalled of the book, "I could not put it down... From that moment I knew that my life was dedicated to Gandhi." Rather than embarking for India right away, Madeleine decided to prepare herself for the change by studying material on the [[Sabarmati Ashram|Sabarmarti Ashram]], sitting cross-legged, and adopting a [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]] diet. In 1924, she wrote to Gandhi expressing her wish to join him, and also sending him 20 pounds. Gandhi replied, pleased with her patience and willingness to prepare herself first, and asked that she decide on whether or not to come in a year's time.<ref name=":4" /> She then continued training herself for all the demands of an [[ascetic]]'s life in India, giving up all wine, beer, and spirits, and learning to spin and weave wool.<ref name=":4" /> That year in England, she subscribed to [[Young India]] and spent a part of her time in Paris reading the [[Bhagvad Gita]] and part of the [[Rigveda]] in French.<ref name="mkgandhi">{{cite web|title=Associates of Mahatma Gandhi, Mirabehn|url=http://www.mkgandhi.org/associates/Mirabehn.htm|publisher=mkgandhi.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Arrival in India, change of name, and role in the independence movement ==<br />
<br />
In November 1925, she contacted Gandhi and requested to stay in his ashram.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Mirabehn {{!}} Biography, Photograph, & History {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mirabehn |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> She arrived in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] on 6 November 1925, and was met by followers of Gandhi as well as his son, [[Devdas Gandhi|Devdas]]. Declining to spend the day sightseeing, she set off to [[Ahmedabad]],<ref name=":4" /> where she was received by [[Mahadev Desai]], [[Vallabhbhai Patel]], and [[Swami Anand]] on 7 November 1925. This was the beginning of her stay in India that lasted almost 34 years.<ref name="mkgandhi" /> Upon meeting her, Gandhi said "You will be my daughter", and gave her the name Mirabehn, which represents the Hindu mystic [[Mirabai]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Speaking about her name Mirabehn, she stated in the spring of 1982, <nowiki>''It is my name. If someone says 'Miss Slade' to me, I don't know who they are talking to.''</nowiki><ref name=":0" /><br />
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Mirabehn attended her first annual meeting of the [[Indian National Congress]] in December 1925. She spent most of 1926 in Sabarmati, where she spun and wove, cooked, and cleaned in the ashram. In December of that year, she travelled to [[Delhi]], where she stayed at a women's [[hostel]].<ref name=":4" /> After about a year into her stay in India, Mirabehn continued to struggle with the languages in North India such as Hindi and Gujarati, so Gandhi sent her to Gurukul Kanya and Gurukul Kangri to learn the languages.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Slade |first=Madeleine |title=The Spirit's Pilgrimage |publisher=Longmans Green and Co LTD |year=1960 |pages=63–92}}</ref> Mirabehn had hopes that Gandhi would take her with him after the Jubilee Celebration at Gurukul Kangri, but to her dismay he sent her to Bhagwadbhakti Ashram of Rewari for a better learning experience.<ref name="mkgandhi" /><ref name=":2" /> She spent the early months of 1927 visiting ashrams across [[North India]]. During this time, she also worked on correcting the language and grammar of the English version of [[Gandhi's autobiography]], a special task given to her by Gandhi himself.<ref name=":4" /> After returning to Sabarmati, she decided to become a [[Celibacy|celibate]], began wearing a white [[sari]], and cut her hair short.<ref name=":1" /> In September 1928, Gandhi asked her to travel through North, South, and East India alone with the hope of her gaining experience to start a training center for spinning and weaving in Sabarmati. In 1929, she visited [[Santiniketan]], a university founded by [[Rabindranath Tagore]], where she met Tagore himself.<ref name=":4" /><br />
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[[File:Gandhi Greenfield.jpg|thumb|Mira Behn ''(far right)'' with Mahatma Gandhi at the Greenfield Mill, at [[Darwen]], Lancashire]]<br />
Mirabehn's stay in India coincided with the zenith of the Gandhian phase of the [[Indian independence movement]]. She accompanied Gandhi to the [[Round Table Conference]] in London in 1931. On their way back to India from London, Mirabehn and Gandhi visited Romain Rolland, who gave her a book on Beethoven which he had written while she was in India. As she began to read it, it convinced her to move to Austria and spend her remaining days in the land of Beethoven's music - a dream she would fulfill thirty years later.<ref name="independent.academia" /><br />
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Upon returning to Bombay from the conference, Gandhi was arrested on orders of the new viceroy, [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|Lord Willingdon]]. Mirabehn then took on the task of preparing weekly reports of who had been arrested, where, and why. This soon led to her arrest, and she was jailed at [[Mumbai Central Prison|Arthur Road Jail]] for three months, where she met [[Sarojini Naidu]] and [[Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay]]. Shortly after being released, she was arrested once again in 1932 for entering Bombay without permission,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1932-08-18 |title=Madeleine Slade Again Arrested |work=Barrier Miner |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article46662603 |access-date=2023-04-02}}</ref> this time being jailed for a longer term. She was transferred to Sabarmati Jail in Ahmedabad, where she shared a cell with [[Kasturba Gandhi|Kasturba]], Gandhi's wife.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite web|title=WOMEN AND INDIA'S INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT|url=http://myproject22.tripod.com/women_and_india.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121061526/http://myproject22.tripod.com/women_and_india.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 November 2013}}</ref><br />
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In the summer of 1934, she asked Gandhi for permission to tour the [[Western world|West]] to promote the Indian independence movement. She spoke in [[London]], [[Wales]], [[Lancashire]], and [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]], among other locations. The tour included a meeting with former British [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[David Lloyd George]], and a correspondence and eventual meeting with future Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]]. Throughout the tour, she argued that Indians were more than capable of self-government and spoke at length on the negative effects of British colonial policy on India's rural industries and the high taxes imposed on Indian taxpayers.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="mkgandhi" /> She then travelled to the [[United States]] through her contact with Priest [[John Haynes Holmes]], and in her two-week tour she spoke to 22 gatherings, spoke on five radio broadcasts, and met [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Eleanor Roosevelt]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name="mkgandhi" /> Mirabehn also took an active interest in the establishment of the [[Sevagram|Sevagram Ashram]], and worked among the people of [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] to non-violently resist a potential Japanese invasion in the beginning of 1942.<ref name="mkgandhi" /><br />
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In August 1942, Mirabehn was arrested along with Gandhi and many Congress leaders as they launched the '[[Quit India Movement|Quit India]]' movement.<ref name=":4" /> They were jailed in [[Aga Khan Palace]] in [[Pune|Poona (Pune)]] until May 1944. Both [[Mahadev Desai]] and [[Kasturba Gandhi]] died while jailed at the palace.<ref name="mkgandhi" /> After her release from jail, with Gandhi's permission, she established the Kisan Ashram on a plot of land near [[Haridwar]].<ref name="mkgandhi" /> Here, the locals constructed a home and a cattle shed. Soon the ashram was home to cows and bullocks, a shed for [[khadi]], and a dispensary for basic medicine. She then moved to Pashulok in 1946, at the request of [[Govind Ballabh Pant]], who wanted to involve her in agriculture extension programs.<ref name=":4" /> Despite living in an ashram, she maintained correspondence with Gandhi through 1947, and spent three months with him in Delhi after she fell ill towards the end of the year.<ref name=":4" /> Throughout her life, she was a witness to the [[Simla Conference]], [[Cabinet Mission]], Interim Government, [[Constituent Assembly]], [[Partition of India]], and [[assassination of Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mirabehn - Madeleine Slade {{!}} Associates of Mahatma Gandhi |url=https://www.mkgandhi.org/associates/Mirabehn.htm |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.mkgandhi.org}}</ref><br />
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== Post-independence life in India ==<br />
After [[Partition of India|Independence]], she established a settlement named Bapu Gram in [[Rishikesh]] and the Gopal Ashram in [[Bhilangna Valley]] in 1952.<ref name="mkgandhi" /> She took to dairying and farming experiments in these ashrams and also spent a while in Kashmir. During the time she spent in [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] and [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] she observed the destruction of the forests there and the impact it was having on floods in the plains. She wrote about it in an essay titled ''Something Wrong in the Himalaya'' but her advice was ignored by the Forest Department. In the 1980s, these areas witnessed a large Gandhian environmental campaign to save the forests called the [[Chipko Movement]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Langston|first=Nancy|title=Significant Women in Forestry|url=http://encyclopediaofforestry.org:80/index.php/Significant_Women_in_Foresty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429161857/http://encyclopediaofforestry.org/index.php/Significant_Women_in_Foresty|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 April 2017|date=22 April 2007|publisher=Society of American Foresters|access-date=9 July 2012}}</ref><br />
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== Austrian years ==<br />
She returned to England in 1959, and relocated to Austria in 1960.<ref name=":3" /> Her long-time friend, India's [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]], whom Mirabehn had known since Gandhi was a child, made sure she was taken care of even while in Austria. Gandhi had instructed the [[List of diplomatic missions of India|Indian Embassy]] in Austria to provide Mirabehn with whatever she needed. Throughout her years in Austria, four of her friends visited her daily. Nonetheless, she continued to voluntarily live a simple life, eating only natural foods and abstaining from using labor saving devices.<ref name=":0" /> She spent 22 years in small villages in the [[Vienna Woods]] (Baden, Hinterbrühl, Kracking), where she died in 1982.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2018/05/02/mirabehn-contribution-freedom-struggle/|title=Mirabehn: A Key Player In The Indian Freedom Struggle|last=Ghosh|first=Ruchira|date=2018-05-01|website=Feminism In India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref><br />
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She was awarded India's second highest civilian honour, the [[Padma Vibhushan]], in 1981.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mkgandhi.org/associates/Mirabehn.htm|title=Associates of Mahatma Gandhi : Mirabehn|website=www.mkgandhi.org|access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref><br />
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== Books by Mirabehn ==<br />
[[File:Gandhi at Darwen.jpg|thumb|Mirabehn with Gandhi at Darwen, Sharko, 1931]]<br />
Mirabehn's autobiography is titled ''The Spiritual Pilgrimage''. She also published ''Bapu's Letters to Mira'' and ''New and Old Gleanings''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mira Behn, disciple of Mahatma Gandhi|url=http://www.indiavideo.org/text/mira-behn-1225.php|publisher=indiavideo.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Books by Mirabehn|url=https://www.amazon.com/s?ie=UTF8&rh=n%3A283155%2Ck%3AMirabehn%5Cc&page=1|publisher=amazon.com}}</ref> Mirabehn drafted a book called ''Beethoven’s Mystical Vision'' (not “The Spirit of Beethoven”). It was published in Madurai by Khadi Friends Forum in 1999,<ref>{{cite web| url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/beethovens-mystical-vision/oclc/60841246|title= Beethoven's mystical vision|website = [[WorldCat]]|access-date = 20 January 2025}}</ref> and then a second, digital edition in 2000 by MGM University.<br />
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== In popular culture ==<br />
* Actress [[Geraldine James]] portrayed her in [[Richard Attenborough]]'s film, ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'', which premiered several months after Mirabehn's death in 1982.<ref>{{Citation |title=Gandhi (1982) - IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0083987/characters/nm0416524 |access-date=2022-07-30}}</ref><br />
* In ''Mira and the Mahatma'', [[Sudhir Kakar]] provides a fictional account of Mirabehn's relationship with Gandhi as his disciple.<ref name="telegraphindia">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |date=1 October 2005 |title=IN LOVE WITH THE MAHATMA |newspaper=The Telegraph |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051001/asp/opinion/story_5300910.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708225412/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051001/asp/opinion/story_5300910.asp |archive-date=8 July 2007}}</ref><br />
* In his book, ''Rebels Against the Raj'', [[Ramachandra Guha|Ramchandra Guha]] tells the story of how Mirabehn and six other foreigners served India in its quest for independence from the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-20 |title=Ramachandra Guha: I haven't written Rebels Against the Raj to influence Indians on their political preferences |url=https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/ramachandra-guha-i-havent-written-rebels-against-the-raj-to-influence-indians-on-their-political-preferences-10299041.html |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* ''Spirits Pilgrimage'', by Mirabehn. Great River Books. 1984. {{ISBN|0-915556-13-8}}.<br />
* ''New and Old Gleanings'', by Mirabehn. Navajivan Pub. House. 1964.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Gandhism]]<br />
*[[Sarla Behn]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* ''Letters to Mirabehn'', by Mahatma Gandhi. # Greenleaf Books. 1983. {{ISBN|0-934676-53-4}}.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Madeleine Slade}}<br />
*[http://www.mkgandhi.org/associates/assoindex.htm Biography from mkgandhi.org]<br />
*''[https://web.archive.org/web/20041027213453/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041003/asp/look/story_3824566.asp In the company of Bapu: In the just-released Mira & the Mahatma, psychoanalyst Sudhir Kakar delves into the complex relationship between a remarkable Englishwoman and the man she worshiped]'' – ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]''<br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33VkTWzzw5M Video interview with Mirabehn]. A description of the video is [https://web.archive.org/web/20081023171147/http://www.gandhiserve.org/footage/fopems.html here].<br />
<br />
{{Gandhi|state=collapsed}}<br />
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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[[Category:Indian independence activists]]<br />
[[Category:1892 births]]<br />
[[Category:1982 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]<br />
[[Category:Gandhians]]<br />
[[Category:Indian people of British descent]]<br />
[[Category:Indian spiritual writers]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in social work]]<br />
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Jalpaiguri%E2%80%93Guwahati_Vande_Bharat_Express&diff=521770New Jalpaiguri–Guwahati Vande Bharat Express2026-02-05T18:12:28Z<p>KatherinDenmark: created - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}{{short description|Mini Vande Bharat Express train route in India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox rail service<br />
| color = 28457D<br />
| name = New Jalpaiguri Junction - Guwahati<br/>''Vande Bharat Express''<br />
| logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg<br />
| image = 2023-06-11 161202 GHY VB.jpg<br />
| image_width = 300px<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = This Mini [[Vande Bharat Express]] on standby and heading towards {{stnlnk|New Jalpaiguri Junction}}<br />
| type = [[Vande Bharat Express]]<br />
| locale = [[West Bengal]] and [[Assam]]<br />
| first = {{start date|2023|05|29|df=y}} (Inaugural run) <br/>{{start date and age|31 May 2023}} (Commercial run)<br />
| last = <br />
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|North East Frontier Railways (NFR)]]<br />
| ridership = <br />
| start = {{stnlnk|New Jalpaiguri Junction}} '''(NJP)'''<br />
| stops = 5<br />
| end = {{stnlnk|Guwahati}} '''(GHY)'''<br />
| distance = {{convert|407|km|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| journeytime = 05 hrs 30 mins<br />
| frequency = Six days a week {{efn|Except Tuesdays}}<br />
| trainnumber = 22227 / 22228<br />
| line_used = *[[New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section]]<br />
*[[New Bongaigaon–Guwahati section]]<br />
| class = AC Chair Car, AC Executive Chair Car<br />
| seating = {{Hlist|Airline style|Rotatable seats}}<br />
| sleeping = No<br />
| autorack = <br />
| catering = On-board catering<br />
| observation = Large windows in all coaches<br />
| entertainment = {{Hlist|[[Wi-Fi|On-board WiFi]]|Infotainment System|[[AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types#Indian IS 1293|Electric outlets]]|Reading light|Seat Pockets|Bottle Holder|Tray Table}}<br />
| baggage = Overhead racks<br />
| otherfacilities = [[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]]<br />
| stock = [[Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat Express|Mini Vande Bharat 2.0]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-06-15|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat Express|reason= The anchor (Mini Vande Bharat Express) [[Special:Diff/1183623994|has been deleted]].}}<br />
| gauge = [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|Indian gauge]]<br/>{{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} [[broad gauge]]<br />
| el = <br />
| speed = {{cvt|74|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Avg.)<br />
| trainlength = {{convert|192|m|ft}} (08 coaches)<br />
| owners = [[Indian Railways]]<br />
| maintenance = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|New Jalpaiguri Jn (NJP)]]<br />
| map = {{New Jalpaiguri–Guwahati VB Express Route}}<br />
| map_state = collapsed<br />
| electrification = [[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] Overhead line<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The 22227/22228 '''New Jalpaiguri - Guwahati Vande Bharat Express''' is India's 18th [[Vande Bharat Express]] train, connecting the city of [[Siliguri]] in [[West Bengal]] with city of [[Guwahati]] in [[Assam]], two most important cities of the northeastern part of [[India]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Abhijit |date=10 April 2023 |title=পিছিয়ে গেল বাংলার দ্বিতীয় বন্দে ভারতের সূচনা দিনক্ষণ? মুখ্যমন্ত্রীর কথায় ধোঁয়াশা |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/pictures/njp-guwahati-vande-bharat-express-could-not-start-journey-on-14th-april-himanta-biswa-sarma-s-comment-on-modi-s-itinerary-sparks-doubt-31681122168563.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410103853/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/pictures/njp-guwahati-vande-bharat-express-could-not-start-journey-on-14th-april-himanta-biswa-sarma-s-comment-on-modi-s-itinerary-sparks-doubt-31681122168563.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 April 2023 |access-date=6 May 2023 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> via the cities of [[Cooch Behar|Coochbehar]] and [[Alipurduar]] in North Bengal and [[Kokrajhar]] and [[Bongaigaon]] of Assam. It was inaugurated on 29 May 2023 and is the first [[Vande Bharat Express]] train serving the [[Northeast India|North East]] of India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bureau |first1=The Hindu |title=Uttarakhand and Northeast to receive a Vande Bharat each |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/uttarakhand-and-northeast-to-receive-a-vande-bharat-each/article66889204.ece |access-date=25 May 2023 |work=[[ The Hindu ]] |date=24 May 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
This train is operated by [[Indian Railways]], connecting [[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri Jn]], [[New Cooch Behar Junction railway station|New Cooch Behar Jn]], [[New Alipurduar railway station|New Alipurduar]], [[Kokrajhar railway station|Kokrajhar]], [[New Bongaigaon Junction railway station|New Bongaigaon Jn]], [[Kamakhya Junction railway station|Kamakhya Jn]] and [[Guwahati railway station|Guwahati]]. It is currently operated with train numbers 22227/22228 on 6 days a week basis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2023 |title=New Jalpaiguri-Guwahati Vande Bharat Express commences its regular service from today – Know timings, stoppages, significance and other details |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-new-jalpaiguri-guwahati-vande-bharat-express-commences-its-regular-service-from-today-know-timings-stoppages-significance-and-other-details-3107082/ |access-date=31 May 2023 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> This train was flagged off by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on 29 May 2023. <ref>{{Cite news |date=30 May 2023 |title=PM flags off northeast's first Vande Bharat Exp between Guwahati & NJP |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/pm-flags-off-northeasts-first-vande-bharat-exp-between-guwahati-njp/articleshow/100614969.cms |access-date=31 May 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vande Bharat Express registers exceptional occupancy rates |url=https://morungexpress.com/vande-bharat-express-registers-exceptional-occupancy-rates |access-date=22 October 2023 |website=MorungExpress}}</ref><br />
<br />
This train connects the largest city of [[North Bengal]], [[Siliguri]] with the capital of [[Assam]], [[Guwahati]] along with many major towns on the way. It forms a link between the two ethno-culturally similar regions of the country. This train also provides a solution to many business and leisure travellers as there was a longtime need for a daytime seater train on this route.<br />
<br />
== Rakes ==<br />
It is the sixteenth [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation (Vande Bharat 2.0)|2nd Generation]] and the fourth '''[[Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat Express|Mini Vande Bharat 2.0 Express train]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-06-15|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat Express|reason= The anchor (Mini Vande Bharat Express) [[Special:Diff/1183623994|has been deleted]].}}''' which was designed and manufactured by the [[Integral Coach Factory]] at [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]] under the [[Make in India]] Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train 18, India's Fastest, Named "Vande Bharat Express": Piyush Goyal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/train-18-indias-fastest-named-vande-bharat-express-piyush-goyal-1983965 |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Service ==<br />
<br />
The 22227/22228 New Jalpaiguri Jn - Guwahati Vande Bharat Express operates six days a week except Tuesdays, covering a distance of {{cvt|407|km}} in a travel time of 5 hours with an average speed of {{cvt|74|km/h}}. The service has 5 intermediate stops. The Maximum Permissible Speed is {{cvt|130|km/h}}.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Vande Bharat Express]]<br />
* [[Gatimaan Express]]<br />
* [[Tejas Express]]<br />
* [[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station]]<br />
* [[Guwahati railway station]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{Vande Bharat Express}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:New Jalpaiguri-Guwahati Vande Bharat Express}}<br />
[[Category:Vande Bharat Express trains]]<br />
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]<br />
[[Category:Higher-speed rail]]<br />
[[Category:Express trains in India]]<br />
[[Category:Electric multiple units of India]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Siliguri]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jangalia_Gaon_Ganja&diff=505672Jangalia Gaon Ganja2026-01-31T06:43:52Z<p>KatherinDenmark: Created a redirect</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Nainital district]]<br />
{{R from merge}}{{R from alternative transliteration}}</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic_Cycle&diff=474058Epic Cycle2026-01-25T22:00:57Z<p>KatherinDenmark: expanded content as per guidelines</p>
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<div>{{short description|History of the Trojan War told in poems}}<br />
{{for|the epic cycles of incarnations in Meitei mythology|Moirang Shayon}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=April 2016}}<br />
{{Trojan War|era=BCE}}<br />
The '''Epic Cycle''' ({{langx|grc|Ἐπικὸς Κύκλος|Epikòs Kýklos}}) was a collection of [[Ancient Greek]] [[epic poem]]s, composed in [[dactylic hexameter]] and related to the story of the [[Trojan War]], including the ''[[Cypria]]'', the ''[[Aethiopis]]'', the so-called ''[[Little Iliad]]'', the ''[[Iliupersis]]'', the ''[[Nostoi]]'', and the ''[[Telegony]]''. Scholars sometimes include the two [[Homeric epics]], the ''[[Iliad]]'' and the ''[[Odyssey]]'', among the poems of the Epic Cycle, but the term is more often used to specify the non-Homeric poems as distinct from the Homeric ones.<br />
<br />
Unlike the ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'', the cyclic epics survive only in fragments and summaries from [[Late Antiquity]] and the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine period]].<br />
<br />
The Epic Cycle was the distillation in literary form of an [[oral tradition]] that had developed during the [[Greek Dark Age]], which was based in part on localised [[Greek hero cult|hero cults]]. The traditional material from which the literary epics were drawn treats [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean]] [[Bronze Age]] culture from the perspective of Iron Age and later Greece.<br />
<br />
In modern scholarship, the study of the historical and literary relationship between the Homeric epics and the rest of the cycle is called [[Homeric scholarship#Neoanalysis|Neoanalysis]].<br />
<br />
A longer Epic Cycle, as described by the 9th-century CE scholar and clergyman [[Photios I of Constantinople|Photius]] in codex 239 of his ''Bibliotheca'', also included the ''[[Titanomachy (epic poem)|Titanomachy]]'' (8th century BCE) and the [[Theban Cycle]] (between 750 and 500 BCE), which in turn comprised the ''[[Oedipodea]]'', the ''[[Thebaid (Greek poem)|Thebaid]]'', the ''[[Epigoni (epic)|Epigoni]]'', and the ''[[Alcmeonis]]''; however, it is certain that none of the cyclic epics (other than Homer's) survived to Photius' day, and it is likely that Photius was not referring to a canonical collection. Modern scholars do not normally include the Theban Cycle when referring to the Epic Cycle.<br />
<br />
==Contents==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- valign="top" align="left"<br />
! Title !! Length (books) !! Most common attribution !! Status !! Content<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
| ''[[Cypria]]'' || 11 || [[Stasinus]] || Lost<br />
| The events leading up to the Trojan War and the first nine years of the conflict, especially the [[Judgement of Paris]]<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
| ''[[Iliad]]'' || 24 || [[Homer]] || Preserved<br />
| [[Achilles]]' rage against first king [[Agamemnon]] and then the Trojan prince [[Hector]], ending with Achilles killing Hector in revenge for the death of [[Patroclus]] and [[Priam]] coming to Achilles to ransom Hector's body<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
| ''[[Aethiopis]]'' || 5 || [[Arctinus]] || Lost<br />
| The arrival of the Trojan allies, [[Penthesileia]] the [[Amazons|Amazon]] and [[Memnon (mythology)|Memnon]]; their deaths at Achilles' hands in revenge for the death of [[Antilochus]]; Achilles' own death<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
| ''[[Little Iliad]]'' || 4 || [[Lesches]] || Lost<br />
| Events after Achilles' death, including the building of the [[Trojan Horse]] and the Awarding of the Arms to Odysseus<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
| ''[[Iliupersis]]'' ("Sack of Troy") || 2 || [[Arctinus]] || Lost<br />
| The destruction of [[Troy]] by the Greeks<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
| ''[[Nostoi]]'' ("Returns") || 5 || [[Agias]] or [[Eumelus of Corinth|Eumelus]] || Lost<br />
| The return home of the Greek force and the events contingent upon their arrival, concluding with the returns of [[Agamemnon]] and [[Menelaus]]<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
| ''[[Odyssey]]'' || 24 || [[Homer]] || Preserved<br />
| The end of [[Odysseus]]' voyage home and his vengeance on his wife [[Penelope]]'s suitors, who have devoured his property in his absence<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
| ''[[Telegony]]'' || 2 || [[Eugammon]] || Lost<br />
| Odysseus' voyage to [[Thesprotia]] and return to [[Homer's Ithaca|Ithaca]], and demise at the hands of his illegitimate son [[Telegonus (son of Odysseus)|Telegonus]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Evidence ==<br />
[[Herodotus]] knew of the ''Cypria'' and the ''Epigoni'' when he wrote his ''History'' in the mid-5th century BCE. He rejected the Homeric authorship for the former and questioned it for the latter.<ref>[[Martin Litchfield West]] "Epic Cycle" in ''[[Oxford Classical Dictionary]]'' 3rd. ed. [[Oxford]]; [[Oxford University Press]] 1999 p. 707</ref><br />
<br />
The Epic Cycle was not "mentioned as a whole" (including the Theban Cycle) until the 2nd century CE, but knowledge of a "Trojan cycle" is apparent from at least the 4th century BCE as [[Aristoxenus]] mentions an alternative opening to the ''Iliad''.<ref>''OCD''<sup>3</sup> p. 531</ref><br />
<br />
[[Aristotle]], in his ''[[Poetics (Aristotle)|Poetics]],'' criticizes the ''Cypria'' and ''Little Iliad'' for the piecemeal character of their plots:<br />
{{Quote | But other poets compose a plot around one person, one time, and one plot with multiple parts; like the composer of the ''Cypria'' and the ''Little Iliad''. As a result, only one tragedy is made out of the ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'', but from the ''Cypria'' many, and from the ''Little Iliad'' more than eight…<ref>Aristotle ''Poetics'' 1459a–b.</ref>}}<br />
<br />
''[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|The Library]]'' attributed to [[Apollodorus of Athens|Apollodorus]] and the 2nd century CE Latin ''Genealogia'' attributed to [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]] also drew on them. Furthermore, there are also the [[Tabula iliaca]] inscriptions that cover the same myths.<ref>''OCD''<sup>3</sup> p. 531</ref><br />
<br />
Most knowledge of the Cyclic epics comes from a broken summary of them which serves as part of the preface to the famous 10th century ''Iliad'' manuscript known as [[Venetus A]]. This preface is damaged, missing the ''Cypria'', and has to be supplemented by other sources (the ''Cypria'' summary is preserved in several other manuscripts, each containing only the ''Cypria'' and none of the other epics). The summary is, in turn, an excerpt from a longer work, ''[[Chrestomathy]]'', written by a "Proclus." This is known from evidence provided by the later scholar Photius, mentioned above. Photius provides sufficient information about Proclus' ''Chrestomathy'' to demonstrate that the Venetus A excerpt is derived from the same work.<ref>Monro 1883, Severyns 1928, 1938a, 1938b, 1953, 1962, and 1963, and Abrantes 2016.</ref> Little is known about Proclus. He is certainly not the philosopher [[Proclus|Proclus Diadochus]]. Some have thought that it might be the same person as the lesser-known grammarian [[Eutychius Proclus]], who lived in the 2nd century CE,<ref>E.g. Monro 1883.</ref> but it is quite possible that he is simply an otherwise unknown figure.<br />
<br />
In antiquity, the two Homeric epics were considered the greatest works in the Cycle. For [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]] scholars, the [[Cyclic poets]], the authors to whom the other poems were commonly ascribed, were νεώτεροι (''neōteroi'' "later poets") and κυκλικός (''kyklikos'' "cyclic") was synonymous with "formulaic."{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} Then, and in much modern scholarship, there has been an equation between poetry that is later and poetry that is inferior.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}}<br />
<br />
The tales told in the Cycle are recounted by other ancient sources,{{sfn|Abrantes|2016|loc=chpt. 3}} notably [[Virgil]]'s ''[[Aeneid]]'' (book 2), which recounts the sack of Troy from a Trojan perspective, and [[Ovid]]'s ''[[Metamorphoses (poem)|Metamorphoses]]'' (books 13–14), which describes the Greeks' landing at Troy (from the ''Cypria'') and the judgment of Achilles' arms (''Little Iliad''). [[Quintus of Smyrna]]'s ''[[Posthomerica]]'' is another source, which narrates the events after Hector's death up until the end of the war. The death of [[Agamemnon]] and the vengeance taken by his son [[Orestes]] (the ''Nostoi'') are the subjects of later Greek [[tragedy]], especially [[Aeschylus]]'s [[Oresteia]]n trilogy.<br />
<br />
==Compilation==<br />
The non-Homeric epics are usually regarded as later than the ''Iliad'' and ''Odyssey''.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} There is no reliable evidence for this, however, and some [[Homeric scholarship#Neoanalysis|Neoanalyst]] scholars operate on the premise that the Homeric epics were later than the Cyclic epics and drew on them extensively.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} Other Neoanalysts make the milder claim that the Homeric epics draw on legendary material which later crystallized into the Epic Cycle.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}}<br />
<br />
The nature of the relationship between the Cyclic epics and Homer is also bound up in this question. As told by Proclus, the plots of the six non-Homeric epics look very much as though they are designed to integrate with Homer, with no overlaps with one another.{{sfn|Abrantes|2016|loc=chpt. 2}}<br />
<br />
For example, a surviving quotation shows that the ''Little Iliad'' narrated how [[Neoptolemus]] took [[Andromache]] prisoner after the [[Trojan War|fall of Troy]];<ref>''Little Iliad'' fr. 14 in West's edition.</ref> however, in Proclus, the ''Little Iliad'' stops before the sack of Troy begins. Some scholars have argued that the ''Cypria'' as originally planned dealt with more of the Trojan War than Proclus' summary suggests;<ref>E.g. J. Marks 2002, "The Junction between the ''Kypria'' and the ''Iliad''", ''[[Phoenix (classics journal)|Phoenix]]'' 56: 1–24; and Burgess 2001 argues that the ''Cypria'' originally narrated the entire war.</ref> conversely, others argue that it was designed to lead up to the ''Iliad'', and that Proclus' account reflects the ''Cypria'' as originally designed.<ref>E.g. J. Latacz 1996, ''Homer, His Art and His World'' tr. J. Holoka (Ann Arbor); R. Scaife 1995, "The ''Kypria'' and its early reception", ''[[Classical Antiquity (journal)|Classical Antiquity]]'' 14: 164–97.</ref><br />
<br />
It is probable that at least some editing or "stitching" was done to edit epics together. For the last line of the ''Iliad'',<br />
<blockquote>ὣς οἵ γ᾽ ἀμφίεπον τάφον Ἕκτορος ἱπποδάμοιο.</blockquote><br />
<blockquote>In this way they performed the funeral of Hector, tamer of horses.</blockquote><br />
an alternative reading is preserved which is designed to lead directly into the ''Aethiopis'':<br />
<blockquote>ὣς οἵ γ' ἀμφίεπον τάφον Ἕκτορος· ἦλθε δ' Ἀμαζών,<br /><br />
Ἄρηος θυγάτηρ μεγαλήτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο.</blockquote><br />
<blockquote>In this way they performed the funeral of Hector; then the [[Amazons|Amazon]] [[Penthesileia]] came,<br /><br />
daughter of great-hearted man-slaughtering [[Ares]]. ...</blockquote><br />
There are contradictions between epics in the Cycle. For example, the Greek warrior who killed Hector's son [[Astyanax]] in the fall of Troy is [[Neoptolemus]] according to the ''Little Iliad''; according to the ''Iliou persis'', it is [[Odysseus]].{{sfn|Abrantes|2016|loc=chpt. 4.6.11}}<br />
<br />
How and when the eight epics of the Cycle came to be combined into a single collection and referred to as a "cycle" is a matter of ongoing debate. In the late 19th century, [[David Binning Monro]] argued that the scholastic use of the word κυκλικός did not refer to the Cycle as such, but meant "conventional", and that the Cycle was compiled in the [[Hellenistic period]] (perhaps as late as the 1st century BCE).<ref>D.B. Monro 1883.</ref> More recent scholars have preferred to push the date slightly earlier, but accept the general thrust of the argument.{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[Cyclic Poets]]<br />
*[[Homerica]]<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
<br />
===Editions===<br />
* Online editions (English translation):<br />
** [http://mcllibrary.org/Hesiod/ The Medieval and Classical Library text] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202105712/http://mcllibrary.org/Hesiod/ |date=2021-12-02 }} (translated by H.G. Evelyn-White, 1914; public domain)<br />
** [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/348 Project Gutenberg text] (translated by H.G. Evelyn-White, 1914)<br />
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20091009120320/http://www.stoa.org/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Stoa:text:2003.01.0004 Proklos' summary of the Epic Cycle, omitting the ''Telegony''] (translated by Gregory Nagy)<br />
* Print editions (Greek):<br />
** Bernabé, A. 1987, ''Poetarum epicorum Graecorum testimonia et fragmenta'' pt. 1 (Leipzig). {{ISBN|3-322-00352-3}}<br />
** Davies, M. 1988, ''Epicorum Graecorum fragmenta'' (Göttingen). {{ISBN|3-525-25747-3}}<br />
* Print editions (Greek with English translation):<br />
** Hesiod & Evelyn-White, H.G., 1914, ''Hesiod: The Homeric Hymns and Homerica'' (Loeb Classical Library) {{ISBN|0-674-99063-3}}<br />
** West, M.L. 2003, ''Greek Epic Fragments'' (Cambridge, MA). {{ISBN|0-674-99605-4}}<br />
<br />
===Further reading===<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Abrantes |first1=Miguel Carvalho |title=Themes of the Trojan Cycle: Contribution to the study of the greek mythological tradition |date=2016 |publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform |isbn=978-1530337118}}<br />
* Burgess, J.S. 2001, ''The Tradition of the Trojan War in Homer and the Epic Cycle'' (Baltimore). {{ISBN|0-8018-7890-X}} (pbk)<br />
* Davies, M. 1989, ''The Greek Epic Cycle'' (Bristol). {{ISBN|1-85399-039-6}} (pbk)<br />
* Kullmann, W. 1960, ''Die Quellen der Ilias (troischer Sagenkreis)'' (Wiesbaden). {{ISBN|3-515-00235-9}} (1998 reprint)<br />
*Michalopoulos, Dimitris, ''Homer's Odyssey beyond the myths'', Piraeus: Institute of Hellenic Maritime History, 2016. {{ISBN|9786188059931}}.<br />
* Monro, D.B. 1883, "On the Fragment of Proclus' Abstract of the Epic Cycle Contained in the Codex Venetus of the ''Iliad''", ''Journal of Hellenic Studies'' 4: 305–334.<br />
* Monro, D.B. 1901, ''Homer's Odyssey, books XIII-XXIV'' (Oxford), pp.&nbsp;340–84. (Out of print)<br />
* Severyns, A. 1928, ''Le cycle épique dans l'école d'Aristarque'' (Liège, Paris). (Out of print)<br />
* Severyns, A. 1938, 1938, 1953, 1963, ''Recherches sur la "Chrestomathie" de Proclos'', 4 vols. (''Bibliothèque de la faculté de philosophie et lettres de l'université de Liège'' fascc. 78, 79, 132, 170; Paris). (Vols. 1 and 2 are on Photius, 3 and 4 on other MSS.)<br />
* Severyns, A. 1962, ''Texte et apparat, histoire critique d'une tradition imprimée'' (Brussels).<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Epic Cycle}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Epic Cycle| ]]<br />
[[Category:1st-millennium BC books]]<br />
[[Category:Lost poems]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Assam_division&diff=492972Central Assam division2026-01-21T01:22:32Z<p>KatherinDenmark: added new article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Central Assam division<br />
| settlement_type = [[Administrative divisions of Assam|Division of Assam]]<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_seal = <br />
| image_map = Divisions of Assam.svg<br />
| map_caption = The five divisions of Assam<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = State<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]<br />
| established_title = <br />
| established_date = <br />
| seat_type = Capital<br />
| seat = [[Nagaon]], [[Guwahati]]<br />
| seat1_type = Notable places<br />
| seat1 = [[Nagaon]], [[Hojai]] and [[Jagiroad]]<br />
| government_footnotes = <br />
| leader_party = <br />
| leader_title = <br />
| leader_name = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --><br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 21,001<br />
| area_note = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 4,342,814<br />
| population_as_of = 2011 census<br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_note = <br />
}}<br />
'''Central Assam division''' is an [[Divisions of Assam|administrative division of Assam]] under the jurisdiction of a Division Commissioner, who is officially stationed at [[Guwahati]] [[Nagaon]]. It consists of the following districts: [[Dima Hasao district|Dima Hasao]], [[Kamrup Metropolitan district|Kamrup Metropolitan]] [[Karbi Anglong district|Karbi Anglong]], [[West Karbi Anglong district|West Karbi Anglong]], [[Hojai district|Hojai]], [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]] and [[Marigaon district|Marigaon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Districts {{!}} Assam State Portal |url=https://assam.gov.in/web/about-us/396 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=assam.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Districts==<br />
Hills and Central Assam division comprises mainly 6 districts, [[Dima Hasao district|Dima Hasao]], [[Karbi Anglong district|Karbi Anglong]], [[West Karbi Anglong district|West Karbi Anglong]], [[Hojai district|Hojai]], [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]] and [[Morigaon district|Marigaon]].<br />
<br />
{| class= "wikitable sortable"<br />
|- <br />
! Code<ref>[[ISO 3166-2:IN|ISO 3166]]</ref><br />
! District<br />
! Headquarter<br />
! Population (2011)<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/Assam.html|title= District Census 2011}}</ref><br />
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
! Density (/km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
|-<br />
| NG|| [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]]|| [[Nagaon]]|| 1,892,550 || 2,287 || 830<br />
|- <br />
| MG|| [[Morigaon district|Morigaon]] || [[Morigaon]]|| 957,423 || 1,704|| 560<br />
|- <br />
| KA|| [[Karbi Anglong district|Karbi Anglong]]<sup>#</sup>|| [[Diphu]]|| 660,955|| 10,434|| 63<br />
|-<br />
| HJ|| [[Hojai district|Hojai]] || [[Sankardev Nagar]] ||931,218 ||1,686 ||550<br />
|-<br />
| DH || [[Dima Hasao district|Dima Hasao]] || [[Haflong]] || 214,102||4,890 ||43<br />
|-<br />
| WK|| [[West Karbi Anglong district|West Karbi Anglong]]<sup>#</sup> ||[[Hamren]] <br />
|295,358 || 3,035||97<br />
|-<br />
!Total<br />
!6<br />
!—<br />
!4,342,814<br />
!20845<br />
!208.82<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<sup>#</sup> [[Assam|Districts]] within the [[Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Assam}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Divisions of Assam]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{assam-geo-stub}}</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jyoti_Rout&diff=506776Jyoti Rout2026-01-12T13:57:55Z<p>KatherinDenmark: Started New Details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian classical dancer}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
|name = Jyoti Rout<br />
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1965|7|15}} <br />
|birth_place = [[Joda]], [[Odisha]]<br />
|occupation = [[Indian classical dancer]], [[performer]], [[choreographer]]<br />
|image = Jyoti Rout.jpg<br />
|caption = Jyoti Rout in 2007<br />
|website = {{url|jyotikalamandir.org}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Jyoti Rout''' (born July 15, 1965) is an [[Indian classical dance]]r, teacher and choreographer of [[Odissi]] dancing style.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jyotikalamandir.org/?itemID=3|title=Jyoti Kala Mandir College of Indian Classical Arts|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/profiles/profil32.html|title=Profiles - Jyoti Rout - light of Odissi by Shalini Goel|first=Sumathi, Saigan|last=Connection|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mytheatrecafe.com/reviews/magic-of-odissi-dance-by-jyoti-rout/|title=Magic of Odissi dance by Jyoti Rout - My Theatre Cafe|publisher=|access-date=2017-01-02|archive-date=2020-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219051030/http://mytheatrecafe.com/reviews/magic-of-odissi-dance-by-jyoti-rout/|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and background==<br />
Jyoti Rout grew up in the remote town of Joda in Odisha, India. Her interest in dance began in her childhood, where she used to see local tribal dance programs during various festivals. She later received a master's degree in Odissi dance from the music and dance college Utkal Sangeet Mahavidyalaya in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, and was one of the first women to study and perform Chau dance, a martial art dance form from Odisha.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
In 1993, Jyoti Rout became the first dancer to perform for Lord Jagannath in Puri, Odisha, after the Deva Dasi (temple dancer) tradition had ended under the British rule. In 1997, she founded the California-based Odissi dance school Jyoti Kala Mandir, College of Indian Classical Arts, which is currently based in Fremont, California, USA.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/jyoti-rout-to-open-institute-to-promote-orissa-culture/article2492587.ece|title=Jyoti Rout to open institute to promote Orissa culture|first=Shyamhari|last=Chakra|newspaper=The Hindu |date=27 September 2011 |publisher=}}</ref> In 2012, she established a branch in Lingipur Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://himalayanfair.net/main/page_this_years_entertainment_jyoti_kala_mandir.html|title=Jyoti Kala Mandir|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://odissifest.blogspot.com/2010/11/dancers-from-jyoti-kala-mandir-usa.html|title=Odissi International: Dancers from Jyoti Kala Mandir, USA|first=Odissi|last=International|date=26 November 2010|publisher=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
* Outstanding choreography from the Ethnic Dance Festival, San Francisco, 2006. <br />
* Pride of India National Award<br />
* Shri Kshetra Mahari, Puri, Odisha.<br />
* Shrestha Odiani, Cuttack, Odisha.<br />
* Kalashree by OSA, USA.<br />
* Nirtya Siromani by Olympiad Odisha.<br />
* Nirtya Shree State Award by Madhur Jhankar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.<br />
* Odisha Diary's "Odisha Living Legend Award"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odishastory.com/2016/12/02/odisha-living-legends-and-youth-inspiration-awards-announced/|title=Odisha Living Legends and Youth Inspiration Awards Announced – ODISHA STORY|first=Odisha Story|last=Bureau|publisher=|access-date=2017-01-02|archive-date=2019-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030122826/http://www.odishastory.com/2016/12/02/odisha-living-legends-and-youth-inspiration-awards-announced/|url-status=dead}}</ref> for her contribution to the art form in two continents, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 2016.<br />
Mahari Award from Guru Pankaj Charan Das foundation, Odisha, 2017<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rout, Jyoti}}<br />
[[Category:Odissi dancers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian classical choreographers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]<br />
[[Category:Dancers from Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]<br />
[[Category:Women artists from Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:1965 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milind_Mulick&diff=517611Milind Mulick2026-01-10T20:04:05Z<p>KatherinDenmark: New new article!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian watercolour artist}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}<br />
'''Milind Mulick''' ({{Langx|mr|मिलिंद मुळीक }}) is a watercolour artist based in [[Pune]], [[India]]. His work has been shown at exhibitions internationally as well as all over India.<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/artists-celebrate-freedom-on-canvas/articleshow/93533125.cms|title=Artists Celebrate Freedom On Canvas &#124; Pune News|website=Times of India|access-date=2022-08-31}}</ref><ref name="eastmojo">{{cite web|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2018/11/22/meghalaya-metropolis-2018-gets-off-to-a-flying-start/|author=Sabra Nagi|title=Meghalaya: Metropolis 2018 gets off to a flying start|website=EastMojo|access-date=2022-08-31}}</ref> He has had an influence on many art school students.<br />
<br />
Mulick has authored many books on painting<ref name="Books">{{cite web|url=https://jyotsnaprakashan.com/authors/english-authors/milind-mulick|title=Milind Mulik|work=Jyotsna Prakashan|year=2022|access-date=2022-09-03}}</ref> and also teaches painting in India<ref name="hindustantimes">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/reel-time-with-real-stories-in-pune/story-I3jtD8DEZp2eFg6uT7vcXJ.html|title=‘What to do in Pune this weekend’|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=2022-08-31}}</ref><ref name="TI">{{cite news |title=Milind Mulick conducts a session on water colour paintings at Art2Day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/pune/milind-mulick-conducts-a-session-on-water-colour-paintings-at-art2day/articleshow/65178013.cms |access-date=2022-09-02 |publisher=Times of India |date=2018-07-28}}</ref> and internationally.<ref name="watermill">{{cite web|url=https://watermill.net/painting-holidays/painting-holidays-tutor-milind-mulick20.php|website=watermill.net|title=Painting tutor Milind Mulick at the Watermill in Tuscany, Italy|access-date=2022-08-31}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Family and early life==<br />
Milind is the son of famed Indian illustrator and comics artist [[Pratap Mullick|Pratap Mulick]]. He started painting when he was five years old, and at the age of thirteen his watercolour landscapes earned him the National Talent Scholarship to study painting.<ref name="worldartculture">{{cite web|url=https://worldartculture.com/hi/2329-simple-style-is-like-a-bright-light-indian-artist-milind-mulick/|title="सरल शैली तेज रोशनी की तरह होती है..." भारतीय कलाकार मिलिंद मुलिक|trans-title="Simple style is like bright light..." Indian artist Milind Mullick|language=hi|date=2021-07-26|work=worldartculture.com|access-date=2022-09-05}}</ref> Mulick graduated in engineering in the [[College of Engineering, Pune]]. He states that his engineering course has helped him to analyse methods of painting and has benefitted his watercolour technique.<ref name="Mayboli">{{cite web|url=https://vishesh.maayboli.com/diwali-2010kaj/789|title='मिलिंद'रंग |trans-title='Milind' colour|language=mr|first=Manjiri|last=Soman|publisher=vishesh.maayboli.com|accessdate=2022-09-02}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
After graduating, he worked as an illustrator for an architectural firm for about fifteen years while still pursuing watercolour painting, and became a full-time artist in 1995 with an exhibition in Pune.<ref name="IndianExpress">{{cite news|work=The New Indian Express|date=2017-10-07|first=Sunita|last=Raghu|title=Watercolour wonders|url= https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2017/oct/07/watercolour-wonders-1667388--1.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220905105510/https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2017/oct/07/watercolour-wonders-1667388--1.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 5 September 2022|location=India|access-date=2022-09-05}}</ref> He has since had solo exhibitions in Mumbai, Sweden, France, Spain, Singapore, Mauritius and Russia.<ref name="DanielSmith">{{cite web|url=https://danielsmith.com/milind-mulick/|title=Milind Mulick|work=Daniel Smith|access-date=2022-09-05}}</ref> His paintings are in demand for corporate offices and private collectors in the US, Europe, Japan and Singapore,<ref name="Mayboli"/> and have been selected for numerous watercolour society exhibitions including three consecutive years with the [[American Watercolor Society]].<ref name="DanielSmith"/><br />
<br />
Mulick runs watercolour classes and workshops in India, Europe and locations in Asia.<ref name="watermill"/><ref name="DanielSmith"/> He also gives watercolour demonstrations at government art colleges in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="Mayboli"/><br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
Mulick has written twelve books in both English and Marathi, including books explaining watercolour techniques in a simple way, to fill a perceived gap in the market.<ref name="Mayboli"/> His first book, ''Watercolour'', published in 2000 in both English and Marathi, has now sold over 100,000 copies.<ref name="Books"/><br />
<br />
The English editions of his books are:<ref name="Books"/><br />
*''Watercolour'', {{ISBN|9788179251119}}, 2nd edition, 15th reprint<br />
*''Watercolour Landscapes Step by Step'', {{ISBN|9788179253953}}, including a DVD of demonstrations,<ref name="Bhaskar1">{{cite web|title=वॉटर कलरचा स्टेप बाय स्टेप परिचय|trans-title=A step by step introduction to watercolor|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/MAG-watercolor-paintings-2189908.html|publisher=DB Corp Ltd|language=mr|access-date=2022-09-07}}</ref> 1st edition, 8th reprint<br />
*''Sketchbook'', {{ISBN|9788179251034}}, 1st edition, 12th reprint<br />
*''Milind Mulick @HOME'', {{ISBN|9788179252833}}, 1st edition<br />
*''Methods and Techniques - Opaque Colour'', {{ISBN|9788179252949}}, 2nd edition, 3rd reprint<br />
*''Natural Inspiration'', {{ISBN|9788179253007}}, 1st edition, 2nd reprint<br />
*''Watercolour Demonstrations'', {{ISBN|9788179253656}}, 1st edition, 2nd reprint<br />
*''Perspective'', {{ISBN|9788179253786}}, 1st edition, 10th reprint<br />
*''Expressions In Watercolour '', {{ISBN|9788179254387}}, 2nd edition<br />
*''Varanasi - An artist's impression'', {{ISBN|9788179254998}}, 1st edition, 1st reprint<br />
*''Watercolour Paintings with Photo References'', {{ISBN|9788179255377}}, 1st edition<br />
*''Journey so far...'', {{ISBN|9788194421344}}, 1st edition<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
Mulick was one of the three founder members of the rock band ''The Strangers'', formed in 1982. He was lead vocalist and played the guitar. They won the inter-collegiate rock music contest ''Livewire'' in Mumbai in 1984 and went on to play at college and corporate events across India.<ref name="HindustanTimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/pune-band-the-strangers-set-to-rock-stage-again/story-LoLjUVLoS1K2fKr6fCuPQM.html|work=Hindustan Times|title=Pune band The Strangers, set to rock stage again|date=2019-07-21|access-date=2022-09-07}}</ref><ref name="indiatimes2">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/pune/the-strangers-take-the-stage-for-a-rocking-reunion/articleshow/65197378.cms|title=The Strangers take the stage for a rocking reunion &#124; Events Movie News|website=Times of India|access-date=2022-08-31}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{official|https://www.milindmulick.com/}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mulick, Milind}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Artists from Pune]]<br />
[[Category:Indian watercolourists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian landscape painters]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=IRS-class_tugboat&diff=450870IRS-class tugboat2026-01-03T16:27:45Z<p>KatherinDenmark: Page updated with relevant improvements</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox ship<br />
|sclass=2<br />
|section1={{Infobox ship/image<br />
|image=<br />
|image_caption=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview<br />
|builders= Hindustan Shipyard Limited<br />
|operators= {{navy|India}}<br />
|class_before=<br />
|class_after=<br />
|subclasses=<br />
|built_range= 3<br />
|in_commission_range= <br />
|total_ships_building= <br />
|total_ships_planned= 3 + 4<br />
|total_ships_completed= 4<br />
|total_ships_canceled=<br />
|total_ships_active= 4<br />
|total_ships_laid_up=<br />
|total_ships_lost=<br />
|total_ships_retired=<br />
|total_ships_preserved=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics<br />
|hide_header=<br />
|header_caption=<br />
|type= 50T bollard pull tugboat<br />
|displacement= 472 tons<br />
|length= {{convert|34.54|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />
|beam= {{convert|11.26|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />
|draught= {{convert|4.49|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />
|propulsion= 2 x [[Wartsila]] Italia Spa Type W8L26 engines generating 2.4 MW power to drive [[Voith Schneider]] propulsion unit<br />
|speed= {{convert|13.5|kn}}<br />
|range=<br />
|complement= 13<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''IRS class''' of [[tugboat]]s are a series of [[Bollard pull]] tugboats built by [[Hindustan Shipyard Limited]], [[Visakhapatnam]], for the [[Indian Navy]].<br />
<br />
INS ''Sahas'' and INS ''Dhiraj'' tugs were flagged off by Commander (retd) K.S. Subramanian, the Director (shipbuilding) and INS ''Himmat'' was flagged off by Rear Admiral (Retd) N K Mishra, NM Chairman & Managing Director of HSL. The vessels were built under special survey of IRS Steel ship rules and as such were assigned with IRS class notation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HSL delivers 2 tugs to Navy|url=http://www.transreporter.com/logisticsnews/21315/HSL-delivers-2-tugs-to-Navy/}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=HSL delivers 50T BP Tug to Indian Navy|url=http://www.irclass.org/media-and-publications/news/hsl-delivers-50t-bp-tug-to-indian-navy/}}</ref> Contracts for 4 additional similar tugboats were signed between HSL and Indian Navy in November 2019. The keel of the first two tugboats ''Veeran'' and ''Balaram'' were laid on November 15, 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Keel-laying ceremony for two vessels at HSL|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 November 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/keel-laying-ceremony-for-two-vessels-at-hsl/articleshow/72077972.cms}}</ref> The new tugboats are to be stationed at [[Visakhapatnam]], the future home base of {{INS|Vikrant|2013|6}} to handle the aircraft carrier once it is commissioned into Indian Navy in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HSL DELIVERS 50T BP TUG TO INDIAN NAVY|url=http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2021/10/hsl-delivers-50t-bp-tug-to-indian-navy.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Keels laid for 50 tonne bollard pull tugs at HSL|url=https://viscan.in/keels-laid-for-50-tonne-bollard-pull-tugs-at-hsl/|access-date=2 November 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102220425/https://viscan.in/keels-laid-for-50-tonne-bollard-pull-tugs-at-hsl/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Specifications==<br />
Each of these tugboats can achieve {{convert|13.5|kn|lk=in}} against a design speed of {{convert|12|kn}} at 85% maximum continuous rating. Bollard pull of all the vessels is in excess of 54 tonnes almost 10% in excess of specifications.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HSL delivers 50T BP Tug to Indian Navy|url=http://www.irclass.org/media-and-publications/news/hsl-delivers-50t-bp-tug-to-indian-navy/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=HSL delivers 2 tugs to Navy|url=http://www.transreporter.com/logisticsnews/21315/HSL-delivers-2-tugs-to-Navy/}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Service history==<br />
INS ''Himmat'', INS ''Sahas'' and INS ''Dhiraj'' serve with the [[Western Naval Command]] at [[Karwar]]. These vessels are primarily meant to handle the [[aircraft carrier]] {{INS|Vikramaditya}} which is based in Karwar since early 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hind Shipyard delivers 2 tugs to Navy - classed with IRS|url=http://www.irclass.org/media-and-publications/news/hind-shipyard-delivers-2-tugs-to-navy-classed-with-irs/}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Boats in the class==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Name !! Pennant No. !! Date of Launch !! Date of Commission !! Homeport !! Status<br />
|-<br />
| INS ''Himmat''|| 11162 || 03-08-2013 ||31-03-2014||[[Karwar]]|| Active <ref>{{Cite web|title=64_AR_2015-16.pdf|url=http://www.hslvizag.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/AnnualReports/64_AR_2015-16.pdf}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|INS ''Dhiraj'' ||11163 || 03-08-2013 ||24-12-2013||[[Karwar]]|| Active<br />
|-<br />
|INS ''Sahas'' ||11164 || 03-08-2013 || 24-12-2013||[[Karwar]]|| Active<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|INS ''Veeran'' || 11193|| 19-03-2020 || 22-10-2021||[[Visakhapatnam]]|| Active<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|INS ''Balaram'' || || 19-03-2020 || ||[[Visakhapatnam]]|| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of active Indian Navy ships#Tugboats|Tugboats of the Indian Navy]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Ship classes of the Indian Navy}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tugs of the Indian Navy]]<br />
[[Category:Auxiliary tugboat classes]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tutari_(poem)&diff=542175Tutari (poem)2025-12-22T04:04:39Z<p>KatherinDenmark: started post.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Marathi-language patriotic poem by Keshavsut}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}<br />
<br />
'''Tutari'''<ref>{{cite journal|title=Keshavsut|journal=Triveni: Journal of Indian Renaissance|date=1974|volume=43|page=65}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Natarajan|first1=Nalini|title=Handbook of Twentieth-Century Literatures of India|date=1996|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, CN|isbn=0-313-28778-3}}</ref> is a [[Patriotism|patriotic]] poem in the [[Marathi language]] by [[Keshavasuta|Keshavsut]]. <br />
<br />
In this poem, Keshavsut calls to fight for independence from the [[British Raj]] in India. The poem inspired many Indians to fight to overthrow the British occupation. The poem reads (translation):<br />
<br />
'''Tutari (Trumpet)'''<br />
<br />
Bring me a trumpet<br />
<br />
I shall fill it with my own breath<br />
<br />
I shall pierce all skies<br />
<br />
With its long ringing notes<br />
<br />
एक तुतारी द्या मज आणुनी<br />
<br />
फुंकीन जी मी स्वप्राणाने<br />
<br />
भेदुनी टाकीन सारी गगने<br />
<br />
दीर्घ तिच्या त्या किंकाळीने,<br />
<br />
Bring me such a trumpet<br />
<br />
Leave the old, let it die<br />
<br />
Burn or bury it<br />
<br />
Listen with attention to the next Call<br />
<br />
अशी तुतारी द्या मजलागुनि<br />
<br />
जुने जाऊ द्या मरणालागुनि<br />
<br />
जाळूनी किंवा पुरुनी टाका<br />
<br />
सडत न एका ठायी ठाका<br />
<br />
सावध ऐका पुढल्या हाका<br />
<br />
Let us walk shoulder to shoulder<br />
<br />
Bring me a trumpet<br />
<br />
The status quo is a large boulder<br />
<br />
Dig a beautiful cave through it<br />
<br />
खांद्यास चला खांदा भिडवूनी<br />
<br />
एक तुतारी द्या मज आणुनी<br />
<br />
प्राप्तकाल हा विशाल भूधर<br />
<br />
सुंदर लेणी तयात खोदा<br />
<br />
Inscribe your own names on it<br />
<br />
Why just sit around and grow fat<br />
<br />
Get up and accomplish some brave feat<br />
<br />
निजनामे त्या वरती नोंदा<br />
<br />
बसुनी का वाढविता मेदा<br />
<br />
विक्रम काही करा चला तर<br />
<br />
Attack the fort of hypocrisy<br />
<br />
Come Oh Braves, make haste<br />
<br />
Raise high the flag of Equality<br />
<br />
Wave the proclamation of Moral Ideals<br />
<br />
Synchronized with these notes of the trumpet.<br />
<br />
हल्ला करण्या ह्या दंभावर,ह्या बंडावर<br />
<br />
शुरांनो या त्वरा करा रे<br />
<br />
समते चा ध्वज उंच धारा रे<br />
<br />
नीती ची द्वाही फिरवा रे<br />
<br />
तुतारीच्या या सुरा बरोबर<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Marathi-language literature]]<br />
[[Category:Indian poems]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akanksha_Juneja&diff=485203Akanksha Juneja2025-12-20T09:27:40Z<p>KatherinDenmark: creating a entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian television actress}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{BLP sources|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Excessive citations|date=March 2024}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Akanksha Juneja<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = 30 March<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-saath-nibhana-saathiya-2-actress-akanksha-juneja-on-her-birthday-plans-i-will-be-spending-the-day-with-my-family-and-friends/articleshow/90537017.cms|title=Saath Nibhana Saathiya 2 actress Akanksha Juneja on her birthday plans, 'I will be spending the day with my family and friends'|newspaper=The Times of India |date=30 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = <br />
| years active = 2010–present<br />
| other_names = <br />
| occupation = Actress, model<br />
| known_for = ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2]]''<br />
| partner = single<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/saath-nibhaana-saathiya-fame-actress-akanksha-juneja-announces-her-relationship-with-a-romantic-post/articleshow/95535360.cms|title=Saath Nibhaana Saathiya fame actress Akanksha Juneja announc..|newspaper=The Times of India |date=15 November 2022 |access-date=2022-11-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-was-scared-to-fall-in-love-after-breaking-up-in-2012-but-i-am-glad-i-met-akash-akanksha-juneja/articleshow/95623725.cms|title=I was scared to fall in love after breaking up in 2012, but..|newspaper=The Times of India |date=19 November 2022 |access-date=2022-11-19}}</ref><br />
| spouse = <br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Akanksha Juneja'''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/when-akanksha-juneja-had-to-give-look-test-continuously-for-10-days-till-the-shoot-started/articleshow/79055542.cms|title=When Akanksha Juneja had to give look test continuously for..|newspaper=The Times of India |date=5 November 2020 |access-date=2020-11-05}}</ref> is an [[List of Indian television actresses|Indian television actress]] best known for playing Kanak Desai in ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2]] &'' Nidhi Hinduja Luthra in ''[[Kundali Bhagya]].''<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
===Early roles (2010)===<br />
Juneja made her debut with [[Do Saheliyaan... Kismat Ki Kathputaliyaan]]. After that, she did many popular shows like ''[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]]'', [[C.I.D. (Indian TV series)|''C.I.D''.]], ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]'', ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'', ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan]]'', and [[Ishqbaaaz]].<br />
<br />
===Breakthrough and recognition (2020)===<br />
From 2020 to 2022, Juneja starred as Kanak Desai, the negative lead, in ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2]],'' for which she received several awards including [[Iconic Gold Awards]].<br />
<br />
In June 2023, she stepped into the shoes of [[Ira Sone]] as Nidhi Hinduja Luthra in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Kundali Bhagya]],'' until the show went off air in December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=It's confirmed! After seven and a half years, Kundali Bhagya to end on December 6; Shakti Anand expresses shock|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/its-confirmed-after-seven-and-a-half-years-kundali-bhagya-to-end-on-december-6-shakti-anand-expresses-shock/articleshow/115455915.cms|access-date=2024-11-20|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- <br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !!Note<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2010 || ''[[Do Saheliyaan... Kismat Ki Kathputaliyaan]]'' || Bhuvnamita<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[C.I.D. (Indian TV series)|C.I.D.]]''|| Criminal Sandhya<br />
|<br />
|- Negative Role<br />
| ''[[Thoda Hai Bas Thode Ki Zaroorat Hai]]'' || Akshata Kulkarni<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''Mahayatra – Rishton Ka Anokha Safar''<br />
|Herself<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2010–2011 || ''[[Hamaari Beti Raaj Karegi]]'' || Anjali Sharma<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| ''[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]]''<br />
| Neelima<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2012–2013 || ''[[Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?|Dil Se Di Dua Saubhagyavati Bhava]]'' || Tanisha Bohra<br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 2013 || ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]''|| Ayesha Sharma Kapoor<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2013–2014 || ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''|| Daksha Prajapati<br />
|Main Antagonist<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2014 || ''[[Emotional Atyachar]] 4'' || Babita Harichand<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Adventures of Hatim]]'' || Khabooshi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]'' || Suman Bhandari <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Savdhaan India]]'' <br />
| Lalita/Riddhi/Rimi/Dr. Neha/Diana/Sarita<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2014–2015 || ''[[Yeh Dil Sun Raha Hai]]''|| Tanushree Verma<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''[[Bhanwar (1998 TV series)|Bhanwar]]'' || Nitika Singhal<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2015–2016 || ''[[Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi]]'' || Naina Singh Ahlawat<br />
|Main Antagonist<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2018 || ''[[Savdhaan India]]'' || Meera Roy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan]]'' || Vedika Dwivedi<br />
|Main Antagonist<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ishqbaaaz]]'' || Siddhi Maayi<br />
| Episodic Antagonist<br />
|-<br />
| 2020–2022 <br />
| [[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2]]<br />
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/there-was-not-much-left-to-explore-as-kanak-desai-akanksha-juneja-on-quitting-saath-nibhaana-saathiya-2/articleshow/91573406.cms|title=There was not much left to explore as Kanak Desai: Akanksha..|newspaper=The Times of India |date=15 May 2022 |access-date=2022-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/akanksha-juneja-pens-an-emotional-note-as-she-bids-adieu-to-saath-nibhaana-saathiya-2/articleshow/91694139.cms|title=Akanksha Juneja pens an emotional note as she bids adieu to..|newspaper=The Times of India |date=20 May 2022 |access-date=2022-05-20}}</ref><br />
| Kanak Dholakia Desai<br />
| Main Antagonist <br />
|-<br />
| 2023–2024 <br />
| ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''<br />
<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/actress-akanksha-juneja-on-getting-to-work-with-ekta-kapoor-after-10-years-with-kundali-bhagya/articleshow/101000567.cms|title=Akanksha Juneja on getting to work with Ekta Kapoor after 10..|newspaper=The Times of India |date=14 June 2023 |access-date=2023-06-14}}</ref><br />
| Nidhi "Nidz" Hinduja Luthra <br />
| Main Antagonist <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Films ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- <br />
! Year !! Film !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || ''Bang Bang Bangkok'' || Cameo<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Work<br />
! Result<br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2021 <br />
|[[Iconic Gold Awards]]<br />
|Best Actress in Negative role<br />
| rowspan="7"|''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2]]''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2021 <br />
|International Iconic Awards<br />
|Popular Actress in Negative role<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards|22nd Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
|Best Actress in Negative role<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|4857113}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Juneja, Akanksha}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=P._K._Balakrishnan&diff=472614P. K. Balakrishnan2025-11-27T23:44:09Z<p>KatherinDenmark: expanded references for clarity and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian novelist and critic}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> <br />
| name = P. K. Balakrishnan<br />
| image = P. K. Balakrishnan.gif<br />
| imagesize = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| pseudonym = <br />
| birth_name = Panikkassery Keshavan Balakrishnan<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1925|3|2}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Edavanakkad]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Kingdom of Cochin]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1991|4|3|1925|3|2}}<br />
| death_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India<br />
| occupation = [[Novelist]], [[critic]], [[essayist]], [[Journalist]], [[Historian]]<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| citizenship = <br />
| education = <br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| period = <br />
| genre = <br />
| subject = <br />
| movement = <br />
| notableworks = Narayana Guru, Tippu Sultan, Novel Sidhiyum Sadhanayum, Kavyakala Kumaranaasaniloode, Pluto Priyapetta Pluto, Ini Njan Urangatte, Jathivyavasthitiyum Kerala Charitravum, Balakrishnante Lekhanangal, Keraleeyathayum Mattum, Ezhuthachante Kala<br />
| spouse = K. Bhageerathi<br />
| partner = <br />
| children = Harikesh, Harikrishnan, Jayalekshmy<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|Keshavan (father)|Mani Amma (mother)}}<br />
| influences = <br />
| influenced = <br />
| awards = {{ubl|1974&nbsp;[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel]]|1978&nbsp;[[Vayalar Award]]|SPBF Award|Prof Velayudhan Endowment Award|Kesari Award}}<br />
| signature = <br />
| website = {{URL|pkbalakrishnan.com}}<br />
| portaldisp = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian name|Balakrishnan|Panikkassery Keshavan}}'''Panikkassery Keshavan Balakrishnan''' (March 2, 1925 – April 3, 1991) was an Indian [[novelist]] and [[critic]]. A doyen of [[Malayalam literature]], he is best known for his novel, ''[[Ini Njan Urangatte]]'' (''And now, Let me Sleep''), a novel based on [[Mahabharata]] as well as a number of critical studies which include ''Chandu Menon Oru Padanam'', ''Novel Siddhiyum Sadhanayum'', ''Kavyakala Kumaranasaniloode'', and ''Ezhuthachante Kala: Chila Vyasabharatha Patanangalum''. His ''Jathivyavasthayum Kerala Charitravum'' is a work in social history.<br />
<br />
[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] awarded him their [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel|annual award for novel]] in 1974. He was also a recipient of the [[Vayalar Award]] and other honours.<br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
P. K. Balakrishnan was born on March 2, 1925, at [[Edavanakad]] at [[Vypin]] island in [[Kerala]] to Keshavan and Mani Amma.<ref name="Profile P K Balakrishnan">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/PKBalakrishnan/Html/PKBgraphy.htm |title=Profile P K Balakrishnan |publisher=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref> After early schooling in Edavanakkad, he joined [[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam]] but his studies were disrupted after four years when he participated in [[Quit India Movement]] and was jailed.<ref name="P. K. Balakrishnan - Veethi profile">{{Cite web |url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/p._k._balakrishnan-profile-4315-22.htm |title=P. K. Balakrishnan - Veethi profile |date=2019-04-03 |website=veethi.com |access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref><br />
<br />
Although he was released from jail in 1944 and resumed his studies, he could not complete it as he joined [[Kochi rajya prajamandalam]] to enter politics only to move to [[Kerala Socialist Party]] (KSP) soon. His association with KSP brought him into contact with [[Mathai Manjooran]], a noted [[Indian independence activist]] and KSP leader as well as [[Vaikom Muhammad Basheer]] and [[M. K. Sanu]], among others.<br />
<br />
Later, he took up the editorship of ''Dinaparabha'' but he had to quit following a public speech he made at a temple in [[Kozhikode]]. Later, he became associated with such publications as Kerala Bhooshanam, [[Kerala Kaumudi]] and [[Madhyamam]].<ref name="Madhyamam - History">{{Cite web |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/aboutus/history.html |title=Madhyamam - History |date=2019-04-03 |website=www.madhyamam.com |access-date=2019-04-03 |archive-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403180801/https://www.madhyamam.com/aboutus/history.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
Balakrishnan died on April 3, 1991, at the age of 66.<ref name="Profile P K Balakrishnan" /><br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
The first of Balakrishnan's published works was a book on [[Narayana Guru]], which was a compilation of writings on Guru, including biographical sketches, narratives on Guru's activities and his literary contributions.<ref name="Smith2015">{{cite book|author=Donald Eugene Smith|title=South Asian Politics and Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dknWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA182|date=8 December 2015|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-7908-3|pages=182–}}</ref><ref name="Smith1976">{{cite book|author=Bardwell L. Smith|title=Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xNAI9F8IBOgC&pg=PA35|year=1976|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-04510-4|pages=35–}}</ref> This was followed by critiques<ref>{{cite web|title= A Short History of Malayalam Literature by Dr. K. Ayyappa Paniker, P 119, Information & Public Relations Department Kerala State, April 2006|url= https://archive.org/stream/ASHORTHISTORYOFMALAYALAMLITERATURE/A+SHORT+HISTORY+OF+MALAYALAM+LITERATURE_djvu.txt }}</ref> [[Chandu Menon]], [[Kumaran Asan]] and [[Ezhuthachan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Criticism in Malayalam Literature|url= http://keralaculture.org/literature-criticism/551|publisher=Dept of Cultural Affairs, Govt of Kerala}}</ref><br />
<br />
In his writings, he first dealt with Kerala history in the anthology on [[Narayana Guru]], the great social reformer of Kerala who changed the face of its caste-ridden society. He brushes with Kerala history again to study why [[Tipu Sultan]], an able ruler and administrator is perceived as an aggressor and a religious fanatic. The culmination of these studies over 3 decades was his work on the social history which departed from the established narration, titled ''Jaathivyavasthayum Kerala Charitravum'' (''The Caste System and History of Kerala'').<ref>{{cite web|title= A Differing Viewpoint on Kerala History |url= https://nandakishorevarma.wordpress.com/2015/09/25/a-differing-viewpoint-on-kerala-history/}}</ref><br />
<br />
''Pluto, Priyapetta Plutto'', was his first novel, was a real life story about his own dog.<ref name="P K Balakrishnan - chintha">{{Cite web |url=http://www.chintha.com/node/140 |title=P K Balakrishnan - chintha |website=www.chintha.com |access-date=2019-04-03 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821195639/http://chintha.com/node/140 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His next novel, ''[[Ini Njan Urangatte]]'', a Mahabharata inspired work, is considered by many to be his magnum opus.<ref name="An Epic in Modern Idiom">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/br/2003/10/21/stories/2003102100020203.htm |title=An Epic in Modern Idiom |newspaper=The Hindu, 21 October 2003}}</ref> This novel, has been translated into English by K.C. Sarsamma under the title ''And Now Let Me Sleep''. Two decades after P. K. Balakrishnan's death, his daughter P. K. Jayalekshmy has been made another English translation under the title ''Battle beyond Kurukshetra''.<ref name="Translating a legacy">{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/books-and-art/220318/translating-a-legacy.html |title=Translating a legacy |last=cris |date=2018-03-22 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref> Balakrishnan also wrote a number of articles, of which only four collections have been published; two of them were published after his lifetime.<ref>{{cite web|title=Author's Website|url=http://www.pkbalakrishnan.com/about.php|access-date=8 January 2018|archive-date=9 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109064029/http://www.pkbalakrishnan.com/about.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards and honours ==<br />
P. K. balakrishnan received the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel]] in 1974 for his work, ''[[Ini Njan Urangatte]]''.<ref name="Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/ksa/Awards/novel.htm |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel |date=2019-04-04 |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> Four years later, the same novel fetched him another major award in the form of [[Vayalar Award]] of 1978.<ref name="Winners of Vayalar Award">{{Cite web |url=http://keralaculture.org/vayalar-award/575 |title=Winners of Vayalar Award |date=2019-04-04 |website=keralaculture |publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala |access-date=23 March 2017}}</ref> He received the Kerala History Association Award for the book, ''Jaathivyavasthithium Keralacharithravum''.<ref name="Profile P K Balakrishnan" /> He was also a recipient of SPBF Award, Prof. Velayudhan Endowment Award and Kesari Award.<br />
<br />
== Works ==<br />
* {{Cite book |url=https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/narayanaguru?t=1 |title=Narayana Guru |publisher=DC Books |year=1954 |editor-last=P. K. Balakrishnan |quote=an anthology on the social reformer of Kerala |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403155318/https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/narayanaguru%3Ft%3D1 |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{Cite book |url=https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/chandu-menon-oru-padanam?t=1 |title=Chandu Menon Oru Padanam |last=P. K. Balakrishnan |publisher=DC Books |year=1957 |isbn=9788126412686 |quote=Chandu Menon, a Study - on the author of the first Malayalam novel, [[Indulekha (novel)|Indulekha]] |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403161202/https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/chandu-menon-oru-padanam%3Ft%3D1 |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{Cite book |url=https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/tippu-sulthan?t=1 |title=Tippu Sulthan |last=P. K. Balakrishnan |publisher=DC Books |year=1959 |isbn=9788126414703 |quote=a historical biography |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403190409/https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/tippu-sulthan?t=1 |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{Cite book |url=https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/pluto-priyappetta-pluto?t=1 |title=Pluto Priyappetta Pluto |last=P. K. Balakrishnan |publisher=DC Books |year=1963 |isbn=9788126408931 |quote=Pluto, My Dear Pluto - the story of his real life dog named after the [[Walt Disney]] counterpart |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403160849/https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/pluto-priyappetta-pluto?t=1 |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{Cite book |url=https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/novel-siddhiyum-sadhanayum?t=1 |title=Novel Siddhiyum Sadhanayum |last=P. K. Balakrishnan |publisher=DC Books |year=1965 |isbn=9788126411788 |quote=a work on the craft of novel writing, based on the works of [[Dostoevsky]], [[Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay]] and [[Jane Austen]] |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403161520/https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/novel-siddhiyum-sadhanayum%3Ft%3D1 |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{Cite book |url=https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/kavyakala-kumaranasaniloode?t=1 |title=Kavyakala Kumaranasaniloode |last=P. K. Balakrishnan |publisher=DC Books |year=1970 |isbn=9788126412563 |quote=The Art of Poetry through Kumaran Asan - on Malayalam poet [[Kumaran Asan]] |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403161159/https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/kavyakala-kumaranasaniloode?t=1 |url-status=dead }}<br />
* ''[[Ini Njan Urangatte]]'' (''And now, Let me Sleep'') (1973) - A work originating from the great Indian epic Vyasabharatha (''Mahabharath'').<ref>{{cite news|title=A literary giant|url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/literary-review/remembering-kodungallur-kunhikkuttan-thampuran-the-prolific-writer-best-known-for-translating-the-mahabharata-into-malayalam/article6470973.ece|access-date=23 March 2017|newspaper=The Hindu|date=4 October 2014}}</ref><br />
* {{Cite book |url=https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/ezhuthachante-kala-chila-vyasabharatha-patanangalum?t=1 |title=Ezhuthachante Kala : Chila Vyasabharatha Patanangalum |last=P. K. Balakrishnan |publisher=DC Books |year=1982 |isbn=9788126421329 |quote=a work on the father of Malayalam literature and some studies on The Mahabharata |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403160223/https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/ezhuthachante-kala-chila-vyasabharatha-patanangalum%3Ft%3D1 |url-status=dead }}<br />
* [[:ml:ജാതിവ്യവസ്ഥിതിയും കേരളചരിത്രവും|''Jaathivyavasthithium Keralacharithravum'']] (''The Caste system and History of Kerala'') (1983) - a work in Kerala history.<br />
* {{Cite book |url=https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/p-k-balakrishnante-lekhanangal?t=1 |title=P. K. Balakrishnante Lekhanangal |last=P. K. Balakrishnan |publisher=DC Books |year=2004 |isbn=8126407794 |quote=Articles of Balakrishnan |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403155648/https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/p-k-balakrishnante-lekhanangal%3Ft%3D1 |url-status=dead }}<br />
* ''Keraleeyatayum Mattum'' (''The Essence of Kerala etc.'') (2004) - a collection of 20 articles published in various periodicals over a time<br />
* {{Cite book |title=Veritta Chintakal |last=P. K. Balakrishnan |publisher=Pratheeksha Books |year=2011 |quote=Thoughts Apart - Commentaries on social and political history of India triggered by contemporary events. Collected from articles written in Malayalam daily [[Madhyamam]]}}<br />
* {{Cite book|title=Oru Veera Pulakathinte Katha |last=P. K. Balakrishnan |publisher=Poornna Printing And Publishing House |year=2015 |asin=B077XCCHZ4 |quote=The Story of a Heroic Thrill - a collection of articles}}<br />
<br />
=== Translations of Ini Njan Urangatte ===<br />
<br />
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MIjuCK1_s4QC |title=And Now Let Me Sleep |last=P.K. Balakrishnan |date=1999 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=9788126006816|translator-last=K.C. Sarsamma|quote=English translation}}<br />
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CsBDDwAAQBAJ |title=Battle Beyond Kurukshetra: A Mahabharata Novel |last=P.K. Balakrishnan |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-909322-9 |translator-last=P. K. Jayalekshmy |quote=English translation}}<br />
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indiaclub.com/Ini-Naan-Urangattum-TAMIL_p_391254.html |title=Ini Naan Urangattum |last=P. K. Balakrishnan |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=2001 |isbn=8126010843 |translator-last=A. Madhavan |quote=Tamil translation |access-date=3 April 2019 |archive-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403153719/http://www.indiaclub.com/Ini-Naan-Urangattum-TAMIL_p_391254.html |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{Cite book |url=https://www.sapnaonline.com/books/naninnu-nidrisuve-pk-balakrishnan-8126007230-9788126007233 |title=Naninnu Nidrisuve |last=P. K. Balakrishnan |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=9788126007233 |year=2000 |translator-last=Sara Aboobacker |quote=Kannada translation}}<br />
* {{Cite book |title=Ab Mujhe Sone Do |last=P. K. Balakrishnan |publisher=Partishruti Prakashan |year=2017 |isbn=978-8126050710 |translator-last=G. Gopinathan |quote=Hindi translation}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}<br />
* [[List of Malayalam-language authors]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
{{Portal|India|Literature}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/202468 |title=P K Balakrishnan - A Multifarious Writer |last=K. A. Jency |date=2019-04-03 |website=Shodhganga |hdl=10603/202468 |access-date=2019-04-03}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web|title= Mahabharata Inspired Works |url= http://mahabharata-resources.org/inspired_malayalam.html }}<br />
<br />
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}<br />
{{Vayalar Awards}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Balakrishnan, P. K.}}<br />
[[Category:1925 births]]<br />
[[Category:1991 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam-language novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam literary critics]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam-language journalists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Ernakulam district]]<br />
[[Category:Novelists from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:Maharaja's College, Ernakulam alumni]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sayyid_Mumtaz_Ali&diff=533757Sayyid Mumtaz Ali2025-11-02T04:39:03Z<p>KatherinDenmark: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{about|the social reformer|other people|Mumtaz Ali (disambiguation)}} <br />
{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox religious biography<br />
| image = Sayyid Mumtaz Ali.jpg<br />
| title = Shams al-Ulama<br />
| religion = Islam<br />
| birth_date = 27 September 1860<br />
| birth_place = [[Deoband]], [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1935|6|15|1860|9|27}}<br />
| death_place = [[Lahore]], British India<br />
| honorific_prefix = Mawlānā<br />
| name = Sayyid Mumtaz Ali<br />
| alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]<br />
| notable_works = ''[[Tehzeeb-e-Niswan (journal)|Tehzeeb-e-Niswan]]'', ''Huquq-e-Niswan'', ''Tafṣīl al-bayān fī maqāṣid al-Qurʼān''<br />
| teachers = [[Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi]] and [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]]<br />
| children = [[Imtiaz Ali Taj]] (son)<br />
| relatives = [[Yasmeen Tahir]] (granddaughter) <br> [[Naeem Tahir]] (grandson) <br> [[Ali Tahir]] (great-grandson) <br> [[Faran Tahir]] (great-grandson)<br />
| spouse = [[Muhammadi Begum]]<br />
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam]]<br />
| movement = [[Deobandi]]<br />
| founder = [[Rifah-e-Aam Press]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Sayyid Mumtaz Ali Deobandi''' (27 September 1860 – 15 June 1935) was an [[Indian people|Indian]] Sunni Muslim scholar and an advocate of women rights in the late 19th century. He was an alumnus of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. His book ''Huquq-e-Niswan'' and the journal ''[[Tehzeeb-e-Niswan (journal)|Tehzeeb-e-Niswan]]'' that he started with his wife [[Muhammadi Begum]] are said to be pioneering works on women rights.<ref name="mansoor">{{cite journal |jstor = 1388032|title = Religion and Women: Islamic Modernism versus Fundamentalism|last1 = Moaddel|first1 = Mansoor|journal = Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion|year = 1998|volume = 37|issue = 1|page = 116|doi = 10.2307/1388032}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Sayyid Mumtaz Ali was born on 27 September 1860 in [[Deoband]], [[British India]].<ref name="asir">{{Cite book|title=Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind: Karwān-e-Rafta|author=[[Asir Adrawi]]|pages= 246|location=[[Deoband]]|publisher= Darul Moallifeen |language=Urdu |edition = 2 April 2016}}</ref> He was a fellow and contemporary of [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]] and studied at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] with [[Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi]] and [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]].<ref name="sumit">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEPYbuzOwcQC&dq=mumtaz+ali+deobandi&pg=PA360 |accessdate=20 August 2020|title=Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader|isbn=9780253352699|last1=Sarkar|first1=Sumit|last2=Sarkar|first2=Tanika|year=2008|publisher=Indiana University Press }}</ref><br />
<br />
After graduating from the Deoband seminary, Mumtaz Ali moved to [[Lahore]] and established a publishing house "Darul Isha'at". On 1 July 1898, he released a journal ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'' under the editorship of his wife [[Muhammadi Begum]].<ref name="sahafat">{{cite book |author1=Nayab Hasan Qasmi |title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ka Sahafati ManzarNama |publisher=Idara Tehqeeq-e-Islami, [[Deoband]] |pages=147–151 |chapter = Mawlana Sayyid Mumtaz Ali Deobandi}}</ref> This journal continued till 1949.<ref name="thenews" /> In 1898, he started a publishing house called "[[Rifah-e-Aam Press]]" in Lahore which is said to the first press in Lahore whose owner was a Muslim.<ref name="thenews">{{cite web |author1=Tahir Kamran |authorlink1=Tahir Kamran |title=Re-imagining of Muslim Women - II |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/565865-re-imagining-muslim-women-ii |website=thenews.com.pk |publisher=[[The News International]] |accessdate=20 August 2020 |date=8 July 2018}}</ref> In 1905, he started a journal, called, ''Mushīr-e-Mādar'' (Advisor to the mother), and then the children's journal ''Phūl'' (Flower) in 1909,<ref name="asir"/> and laid the foundation of children's literature in [[Urdu literature|Urdu]].<ref name="sahafat" /><br />
<br />
Mumtaz Ali was honoured with title of "Shams-ul-Ulama" (lit: "Sun of Scholars") by the [[British Raj|Government of British India]] in 1934.<ref name="thenews" /> He died on 15 June 1935 in Lahore.<ref name="asir"/><br />
<br />
==Literary works==<br />
* ''Huquq-e-Niswan''<br />
* ''Taz̲kiratulanbiyā''<br />
* ''Tafṣīl al-bayān fī maqāṣid al-Qurʼān'' (6 volumes)<br />
* ''Naqsh bo uṭhe''<br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
American historian, [[Gail Minault]] argues in her article "Sayyid Mumtaz Ali and 'Huquq un-Niswan': An Advocate of Women's Rights in Islam in the Late Nineteenth Century" that, Mumtaz Ali's "''Huquq-e-Niswan'' was undoubtedly too far in advance of its times. Given the current debate about the importance of Muslim personal reform, however, it is well to remember this early champion of women rights in the [[Sharia|shar'iat]]."<ref name="gail">{{cite journal |jstor = 312505|title = Sayyid Mumtaz Ali and 'Huquq un-Niswan': An Advocate of Women's Rights in Islam in the Late Nineteenth Century|last1 = Minault|first1 = Gail |authorlink = Gail Minault|journal = Modern Asian Studies|year = 1990|volume = 24|issue = 1|pages = 147–172|doi = 10.1017/S0026749X00001190|doi-access = free}}</ref> Commending Mumtaz Ali's work, ''Tafṣīl al-bayān fī maqāṣid al-Qurʼān'', former [[Grand Mufti of Jerusalem]], [[Amin al-Husseini]], comments that "such book does not exist even in the Arab world".<ref name="sahafat" /> This 6 volume work of Mumtaz Ali on the Quran also received praise from scholarly figures including [[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]], [[Abul Kalam Azad]] and [[Syed Sulaiman Nadwi]].<ref name="sahafat" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links==<br />
* [https://www.sabrang.com/cc/archive/2009/oct09/cover1.html The Supremacy Myth, adapted from Sayyid Mumtaz Ali's book ''Huquq-e-Niswan''], translated to English by [[Javed Anand]]<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mumtaz Ali, Sayyid}}<br />
[[Category:1860 births]]<br />
[[Category:1935 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Deobandis]] <br />
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:Indian magazine founders]]<br />
[[Category:Muslim scholars]]<br />
[[Category:Proponents of Islamic feminism]]<br />
[[Category:Islamic feminism]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vigrahapala_I&diff=544348Vigrahapala I2025-10-05T14:58:37Z<p>KatherinDenmark: started stub.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Pala emperor from 870 to 871}}<br />
{{about|the Pala dynasty ruler|the Naddula Chahamana dynasty ruler|Vigrahapala (Chahamana dynasty)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Vigrahapala<br />
| succession = [[Pala Empire|Pala emperor]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Gopala II]]<br />
| successor = [[Narayanapala]]<br />
| dynasty = [[Pala Empire|Pala]]<br />
| spouse = Lajjadevi of [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Chedi]]<ref name="HPR164">{{cite book|last=Mishra|first=Vijayakanta|title=Cultural Heritage of Mithila|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FBuAAAAMAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Mithila Prakasana|page=39}}</ref><br />
| issue = [[Narayanapala]]<br />
| father = Jayapala<br />
| reign = 870–871<br />
| religion = [[Buddhism]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Vigrahapala''' ({{reign|870|871}})<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laha |first=Gopal |date=2017 |title=Revised Genealogy, Chronology & Regnal Years of the Kings of the Pala Dynasty in the Light of the Latest Discoveries, Decipherment and Presentation (750-1200 A.d) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26906092 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=78 |pages=257 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> was a ruler of the [[Pala Empire|Pala dynasty]], in the [[Bengal]] region of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. He was the sixth [[Pala Empire|Pala emperor]]. He reigned for a brief period before becoming an ascetic. Vigrahapala was a grandson of [[Dharmapala (emperor)|Dharmapala]]'s younger brother Vakapala and son of Jayapala. He was succeeded by his son, [[Narayanapala]].<br />
{{Pala Empire}}<br />
<br />
== Ancestry ==<br />
Previously, the historians believed that Shurapala and Vigrahapala were the two names of the same person. However, the discovery of a copper plate in 1970 in the [[Mirzapur district]] conclusively established that these two were cousins. They either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.<ref name="Susan1984">{{cite book | author=Susan L. Huntington | title=The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xLA3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA32 | date=1 January 1984 | publisher=Brill Archive | isbn=90-04-06856-2 }}</ref>{{rp|32–37}} If they ruled in succession, it seems more likely that Shurapala preceded Vigrahapala, since Vigrahapala I and his descendants ruled in unbroken succession. Vigrahapala either dethroned Shurapala, or replaced him peacefully in absence of any direct heir to the throne.<ref name="Dilip1994">{{cite book | author=Dilip Kumar Ganguly | title=Ancient India, History and Archaeology | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N2tlKzxwhY8C&pg=PA27 | date=1 January 1994 | publisher=Abhinav Publications | isbn=978-81-7017-304-5 | pages=29 }}</ref><br />
<br />
The information about him and his ancestors is found in the [[Bhagalpur]] copper-plate inscription of his son, Narayanapala.<ref name="George1977">{{cite book | author=George E. Somers | title=Dynastic History Of Magadha | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gYO25eaDrqUC&pg=PA188 | date=1 January 1977 | publisher=Abhinav Publications | isbn=978-81-7017-059-4 | pages=188–}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reign ==<br />
Based on the different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, the different historians estimate Vigrahapala's reign as follows:<ref name="Susan1984"/>{{rp|32–37}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Historian<br />
! Estimate of Gopala's reign<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ramesh Chandra Majumdar|RC Majumdar]] (1971)<br />
| 850–853 (along with Shurapala I)<br />
|-<br />
| AM Chowdhury (1967)<br />
| 861–866 (along with Shurapala I)<br />
|-<br />
| BP Sinha (1977)<br />
| 860–865 (along with Shurapala I)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dineshchandra Sircar|DC Sircar]] (1975–76)<br />
| 858–860<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Vigrahapala was of peaceful disposition, and abdicated the throne in favour of his son Narayanpala.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Cambridge Shorter History of India | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9_48AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | publisher=CUP Archive | pages=144– | id=GGKEY:2W0QHXZ7K40}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of rulers of Bengal]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Pala emperors]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]</div>KatherinDenmarkhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shailesh_Kumar_(para-athlete)&diff=534343Shailesh Kumar (para-athlete)2025-10-02T08:33:12Z<p>KatherinDenmark: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian para jumper}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox sportsperson<br />
| name = Shailesh Kumar<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2000|8|8}}<br />
| birth_place = Islamnagar, [[Jamui district|Jamui]], [[Bihar]], India<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Mathematics]]<br />
| sport = [[Para-athletics]]<br />
| disability_class = T42/63<br />
| event = [[High jump]]<br />
| pb = 1.91 m '''[[World Para Athletics Championships|CR]]'''<br />
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[para-athletics]]}} [[File:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]]<br />
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Para Athletics Championships|World Championships]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[2025 World Para Athletics Championships|2025 New Delhi]]|[[2025 World Para Athletics Championships – Men's high jump|High jump T63]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Para Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Asian Para Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|High jump T63]]}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Shailesh Kumar''' (born 8 August 2000) is an Indian [[Para-athletics|para-athlete]] who specializes in [[high jump]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Triyasha |date=2024-08-31 |title=Who is Shailesh Kumar? All you need to know about the Indian high jump athlete competing at the Paris 2024 Paralympics |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/summer-olympics/who-shailesh-kumar-all-need-know-indian-high-jump-para-athlete-competing-paris-2024-paralympics |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en}}</ref> He won the gold medal at the [[2022 Asian Para Games]] and the [[2025 World Para Athletics Championships|2025 World Championships]] in the men's high jump T63 event.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-23 |title=Asian Para Games 2023: Pranav Soorma, Shailesh Kumar clinch gold |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/asian-para-games-2023-pranav-soorma-shailesh-kumar-clinch-gold/articleshow/104639865.cms |access-date=2024-01-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-09-27 |title=Shailesh Kumar wins India’s first gold medal at World Para Athletics Championships 2025 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/athletics/shailesh-kumar-high-jump-t63-wins-india-first-gold-medal-world-para-athletics-championships-2025-new-delhi/article70102038.ece |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> Kumar also represented India at the [[2024 Summer Paralympics|2024 Paris Paralympics]], where he narrowly missed the podium with a fourth-place finish in the same event. <br />
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== Early life and background ==<br />
Kumar hails from Islamnagar in Aliganj block, [[Jamui district]], [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-29 |title=Champions: Indian para athletes register a record medal haul of 111 at Hangzhou in China |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/champions-indian-para-athletes-register-a-record-medal-haul-of-111-at-hangzhou-in-china-557481 |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=www.thetribune.com}}</ref> In T63 classification, athletes with a single leg above the knee amputation compete with a prosthesis.<br />
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== Early life and education ==<br />
Kumar was born to Pratima Devi and Shivnandan Yadav and has two brothers. He did his graduation in Mathematics. He is currently being supported by [[Olympic Gold Quest]], a sports NGO.<br />
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== Career ==<br />
He also represented India at the [[World Para Athletics Championships]] at [[Paris]] in July 2023 and won a silver medal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-23 |title=Asian Para Games: Shailesh Kumar wins gold, Mariyappan Thangavelu secures silver in High Jump-T63 event |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/asian-para-games-shailesh-kumar-wins-gold-mariyappan-thangavelu-secures-silver-in-high-jump-t63-event20231023093255/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=www.aninews.in}}</ref> He qualified for the [[2024 Summer Olympics]]. He won the [[National championship|National Championship]] at [[Bhubaneswar]] in March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Para Games 2023: Shailesh Kumar clinches gold in men's T63 high jump |url=https://khelnow.com/asian-games/2023-10-asian-para-games-2023-mens-t63-high-jump-report |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Khel Now |language=en}}</ref><br />
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He also broke the nine-year-old Asian Para Games record of 1.80m set by [[Paralympic Games|Paralympics]] medalist [[Sharad Kumar (athlete)|Sharad Kumar]] in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-23 |title=Asian Para Games: Shailesh Kumar wins high jump gold with Games record |url=https://thebridge.in/asian-para-games/asian-para-games-shailesh-kumar-gold-mariyappan-thangavelu-silver-high-jump-t63-44489 |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref> [[Prime Minister Narendra Modi]] congratulated Kumar for winning the gold medal.[https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1969999]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-23 |title=Exceptional, monumental: PM Modi hails Indian athletes' performances at Asian Para Games |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/exceptional-monumental-pm-modi-hails-indian-athletes-performances-at-asian-para-games/articleshow/104656662.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-15 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> He is currently serving as a Child Development Project Officer (CDPO) in the State of Bihar.<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Shailesh}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:2000 births]]<br />
[[Category:Sportspeople from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the World Para Athletics Championships]]<br />
[[Category:World Para Athletics Championships winners]]</div>KatherinDenmark