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2025–26 East Bengal FC season

2026-05-07T12:46:32Z

KateCurmi92: Stub...

{{Short description|Indian football club season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| image =
| caption =
| season = [[2025–26 in Indian football|'''2025–26''']]
| owner = [[East Bengal Club#Ownership|East Bengal Football Club]]
| manager = [[Óscar Bruzón]]
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]] [[East Bengal Ground]]
| league = [[Indian Super League]]
| league result = ''[[2025–26 Indian Super League|4th]]''
| league2 = [[Calcutta Football League]]
| league2 result = '''[[2025 CFL Premier Division|Champions]]'''
| cup1 = [[Durand Cup]]
| cup1 result = [[2025 Durand Cup|Semi Finals]]
| cup2 = [[IFA Shield]]
| cup2 result = [[2025 IFA Shield|Runner-up]]
| cup3 = [[AIFF Super Cup|Super Cup]]
| cup3 result = [[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup|Runner-up]]
| cup4 = [[Oil India Challenge Gold Cup|Oil India Gold Cup]]
| cup4 result = [[Oil India Challenge Gold Cup|Quarter Finals]]
| cup5 = [[Sikkim Gold Cup]]
| cup5 result = [[Sikkim Gold Cup|Quarter Finals]]
| updated = 23 March 2026
| league topscorer = [[Youssef Ezzejjari]] (10 goals)
| season topscorer = [[Youssef Ezzejjari]] (10 goals)
| largest win = 7–0 [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] (23 March 2026, [[2025–26 Indian Super League|ISL]])
| largest loss = 0–2 [[Kolkata Police|Police AC]] (3 August 2025, [[2025 CFL Premier Division|CFL]])
| highest attendance = 22,899 vs [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]] (27 February 2026, [[2025–26 Indian Super League|ISL]])
| lowest attendance = 11,213 vs [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] (23 March 2026, [[2025–26 Indian Super League|ISL]])
| average attendance = 18,693
| pattern_b1 = _EastBengal_25_26
| pattern_sh1 =
| pattern_so1 = _goldtop
| leftarm1 = FFDF00
| body1 = FFDF00
| rightarm1 = ff0000
| pattern_ra1 = _goldborder
| shorts1 = 000000
| socks1 = FF0000
| pattern_la2 =
| pattern_b2 = _redcollar
| pattern_ra2 =
| pattern_sh2 = _yellowborder
| pattern_so2 =
| leftarm2 = FFDF00
| body2 = FFFFFF
| rightarm2 = ff0000
| shorts2 = FFFFFF
| socks2 = FF0000
| pattern_la3 = _whiteborder
| pattern_b3 = _thinwhitesides
| pattern_ra3 = _whiteborder
| pattern_sh3 =
| pattern_so3 =
| leftarm3 = 5fa1f8
| body3 = 5fa1f8
| rightarm3 = 5fa1f8
| shorts3 = FFFFFF
| socks3 = 5fa1f8
| prevseason = [[2024–25 East Bengal FC season|2024–25]]
| nextseason = 2026–27
}}

The '''2025–26 season''' is the 106th season of East Bengal Football Club and their sixth season in the [[Indian Super League]], and the thirtieth consecutive season in the top flight of [[Football in India|Indian football]].

== Background ==
{{See also|2024–25 East Bengal FC season}}

East Bengal finished ninth in the [[2024–25 Indian Super League]]. Just after the season finished, East Bengal appointed former [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] and [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]] manager [[Thangboi Singto]] as the Head of Football at the club.<ref name=singto>{{cite web|date=8 May 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-news-head-of-football-thangboi-singto-new-role/article69550953.ece|title=East Bengal appoints Thangboi Singto as Head of Football|work=Sportstar|accessdate=25 June 2025|archive-date=25 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525034517/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-news-head-of-football-thangboi-singto-new-role/article69550953.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The club became active right after the end of the previous season, roping in Indian wingers [[Bipin Singh Thounaojam]] from [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] for free,<ref name=bipin>{{cite web|first=Aasif|last=Ali|date=31 May 2025|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-bipin-singh-joins-east-bengal-202505|title=ISL: Bipin Singh joins East Bengal from Mumbai City FC on free transfer|work=Khel Now|accessdate=8 June 2025}}</ref> and [[Edmund Lalrindika]] from [[Inter Kashi FC|Inter Kashi]] for {{INRConvert|1.45|c}} transfer-fee ahead of the start of the new season.<ref name=edmund>{{cite web|first=Neeladri|last=Bhattacharya|date=14 May 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-signs-edmund-lalrindika-bipin-singh-isl-2025-transfer-news/article69574250.ece|title=ISL 2025-26: East Bengal signs Edmund Lalrindika and Bipin Singh|work=Sportskeeda|accessdate=14 May 2025}}</ref><ref name=edmundtf>{{cite web|author=Anuj T|date=14 May 2025|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-edmund-lalrindika-joins-east-bengal-fc-202505|title=Inter Kashi's Edmund Lalrindika joins East Bengal FC for Rs 1.45 crores transfer fee|work=Khel Now|accessdate=14 May 2025|archive-date=14 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514111841/https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-edmund-lalrindika-joins-east-bengal-fc-202505|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal also roped in Martand Raina from [[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]] for {{INRConvert|25|l}}.<ref name=raina>{{cite web|first=Triyasha|last=Chatterjee|date=8 June 2025|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-east-bengal-sign-martand-raina-202506#google_vignette|title=East Bengal rope in Rajasthan United defender Martand Raina for ₹25+ Lakhs|work=Khel Now|accessdate=8 June 2025|archive-date=20 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250620011759/https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-east-bengal-sign-martand-raina-202506#google_vignette|url-status=live}}</ref> The club also signed Ramsanga Tlaichhun from [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]] on a free transfer. East Bengal also renewed the contract of head coach [[Oscar Bruzon]] for one more season keeping him at the club till the end of the 2025–26 season.<ref name=oscar>{{cite web|first=Saikat|last=Sengupta|date=29 May 2025|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-east-bengal-oscar-bruzon-extension-202505|title=Oscar Bruzon signs one year contract extension with East Bengal FC|work=Khel Now|accessdate=8 June 2025}}</ref> On 12 June, the club announced the departure of three foreign players: [[Richard Celis]], [[Messi Bouli]] and [[Héctor Yuste]] as their contract were not renewed.<ref name=celisyustemessi>{{cite web|date=12 June 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/east-bengal-confirms-departure-of-hector-yuste-richard-celis-raphael-messi-bouli-isl-indian-football-news/article69688365.ece|title=East Bengal FC confirms departure of Messi, Yuste and Celis|work=Sportstar|accessdate=16 June 2025}}</ref>

==Transfers==

=== Incoming ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:120px;" |Date
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:20px;" |{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:20px;" |{{Abbr|Pos.|Position}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:180px;" |Name
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:200px;" |Signed from
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" |Fee
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:20px;" |Ref
|-
| 9 July 2025
| 16
| DF
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} Martand Raina
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rajasthan United]]
| Undisclosed {{efn|Reported as {{INRConvert|25|l}}.<ref name=raina/>}}
| <ref>{{cite web|date=9 July 2025|url=https://thebridge.in/football/isl-transfer-east-bengal-signs-defender-martand-raina-53805|title=ISL Transfers: East Bengal reinforces their defense by signing Martand Raina|work=The Bridge|accessdate=30 July 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 11 July 2025
| 31
| MF
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} Ramsanga Tlaichhun
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Real Kashmir F.C.|Real Kashmir]]
| Free Transfer
| <ref name=ramsanga>{{cite web|date=11 July 2025|url=https://www.thehawk.in/news/sports/east-bengal-sign-ramsanga-tlaichhun-on-a-three-year-deal-from-real-kashmir-fc|title=East Bengal sign Ramsanga Tlaichhun on a three-year deal from Real Kashmir FC|work=The Hawk|accessdate=30 July 2025|archive-date=1 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001070825/https://www.thehawk.in/news/sports/east-bengal-sign-ramsanga-tlaichhun-on-a-three-year-deal-from-real-kashmir-fc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 13 July 2025
| 29
| MF
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bipin Singh Thounaojam]]
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| Free Transfer
| <ref>{{cite web|date=13 July 2025|url=https://www.news18.com/football/isl-transfer-news-bipin-singh-joins-east-bengal-fc-from-mumbai-city-fc-9437689.html|title=ISL Transfer News: Bipin Singh Joins East Bengal FC From Mumbai City FC|work=News 18|accessdate=30 July 2025|archive-date=27 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727121941/https://www.news18.com/football/isl-transfer-news-bipin-singh-joins-east-bengal-fc-from-mumbai-city-fc-9437689.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 13 July 2025
| 10
| MF
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Edmund Lalrindika]]
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Inter Kashi FC|Inter Kashi]]
| Undisclosed {{efn|Reported as {{INRConvert|1.45|c}}.<ref name=edmundtf/>}}
| <ref>{{cite web|date=13 July 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/edmund-lalrindika-joins-east-bengal-as-new-no-10-after-cleiton-silva-had-assisted-vs-mohun-bagan/article69806897.ece|title=Edmund, who once assisted against Mohun Bagan, returns to East Bengal as its new No. 10|work=Sportstar|accessdate=30 July 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 15 July 2025
| 27
|DF
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jay Gupta]]
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Goa]]
| Undisclosed {{efn|Reported as {{INRConvert|1.6|c}}.<ref name=jaygupta/>}}
|<ref name=jaygupta>{{cite web|first=Negi|last=Ashish|date=15 July 2025|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-2025-26-east-bengal-jay-gupta-signing|title=ISL outfit East Bengal rope in FC Goa defender Jay Gupta for massive 1.6 Cr|work=Khel Now|accessdate=15 July 2025|archive-date=14 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250814115220/https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-2025-26-east-bengal-jay-gupta-signing|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 18 July 2025
| 8
|MF
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Miguel Figueira]]
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|BAN}} [[Bashundhara Kings]]
| Free Transfer
| <ref name=miguelrashidkevin>{{cite web|date=18 July 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-announces-foreign-news-signings-miguel-figueira-mohammed-rashid-kevin-sibille-transfer-indian-football/article69827437.ece|title=East Bengal announces three foreign signings ahead of 2025-26 season|work=Sportstar|accessdate=21 July 2025|archive-date=18 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718135304/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-announces-foreign-news-signings-miguel-figueira-mohammed-rashid-kevin-sibille-transfer-indian-football/article69827437.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 18 July 2025
| 74
|MF
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|PSE}} [[Mohammed Rashid]]
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|INA}} [[Persebaya Surabaya]]
| Free Transfer
| <ref name=miguelrashidkevin/>
|-
| 18 July 2025
| 6
|DF
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Kevin Sibille]]
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Ponferradina]]
| Free Transfer
| <ref name=miguelrashidkevin/>
|-
| 29 July 2025
| 17
| FW
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Hamid Ahadad]]
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Raja CA]]
| Free Transfer
| <ref name=hamidahadad>{{cite web|date=30 July 2025|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/east-bengal-sign-moroccan-forward-hamid-ahadad-for-2025-26-season-1503464348.html|title=East Bengal sign Moroccan forward Hamid Ahadad for 2025-26 season|work=The Statesman|accessdate=30 July 2025|archive-date=6 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806085324/https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/east-bengal-sign-moroccan-forward-hamid-ahadad-for-2025-26-season-1503464348.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 17 September 2025
| 9
| FW
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroshi Ibusuki]]
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Western United]]
| Free Transfer
| <ref name=hiroshiibusuki>{{cite web|date=17 September 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-transfer-news-hiroshi-ibusuki-joins-isl-kolkata-side-ebfc-diamantakos-replacement/article70062854.ece|title=East Bengal signs Hiroshi Ibusuki before Super Cup as potential replacement for Diamantakos|work=Sportstar|accessdate=17 September 2025|archive-date=21 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250921113943/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-transfer-news-hiroshi-ibusuki-joins-isl-kolkata-side-ebfc-diamantakos-replacement/article70062854.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 29 January 2026
| 17
| FW
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| Free Transfer
| <ref name=jerry>{{cite web|date=31 January 2026|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/isl-2025-26-east-bengal-transfer-news-jerry-mawihmingthanga-joins-ebfc-indian-super-league-latest/article70573658.ece|title=ISL 2025-26: East Bengal signs winger Jerry from Odisha FC on free transfer|work=Sportstar|accessdate=9 February 2026}}</ref>
|-
| 6 February 2026
| 9
| FW
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Youssef Ezzejjari]]
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Tanjong Pagar United]]
| Free Transfer
| <ref name=youssef>{{cite web|date=7 February 2026|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/isl-2025-26-east-bengal-signing-youssef-ezzejjari-indian-super-league-news/article70600901.ece|title=ISL 2025-26: East Bengal signs Spanish forward Youssef Ezzejjari|work=Sportstar|accessdate=9 February 2026}}</ref>
|-
| 18 February 2026
| 77
| FW
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Anton Søjberg]]
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|USA}} [[Monterey Bay FC|Monterey Bay]]
| Free Transfer
| <ref name=anton>{{cite web|date=18 February 2026|url=https://revsportz.in/east-bengal-boost-attack-with-signing-of-danish-striker-anton-sojberg/?amp=1|title=East Bengal Boost Attack with Signing of Danish Striker Anton Søjberg|work=Rev Sportz|accessdate=18 February 2026}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="7" | {{loss}} Spending: {{INRConvert|3.3|c}}
|}

{{notelist}}

=== Outgoing ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:120px;" |Exit Date
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:20px;" |{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:20px;" |{{Abbr|Pos.|Position}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:180px;" |Name
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:200px;" |Signed to
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" |Fee
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:20px;" |Ref
|-
| 16 April 2025
| 10
| FW
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Cleiton Silva]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| Released
| <ref name=cleiton>{{cite web|date=16 April 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-cleiton-silva-part-ways-ahead-of-super-cup-2025-indian-football-news/article69456527.ece|title=After mid-game walkout, Cleiton Silva leaves East Bengal|work=Sportstar|accessdate=14 May 2025|archive-date=16 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416130645/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-cleiton-silva-part-ways-ahead-of-super-cup-2025-indian-football-news/article69456527.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 12 June 2025
| 7
| FW
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|VEN}} [[Richard Celis]]
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|ECU}} [[Técnico Universitario]]
| Released
| <ref name=celisyustemessi/>
|-
| 12 June 2025
| 28
| FW
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|CMR}} [[Messi Bouli]]
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC]]
| Released
| <ref name=celisyustemessi/>
|-
| 12 June 2025
| 44
| DF
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Héctor Yuste]]
| style="text-align:left" |
| Released
| <ref name=celisyustemessi/>
|-
| 14 July 2025
| 22
| DF
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nishu Kumar]]
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC]]
| Released
|
|-
| 17 July 2025
| 19
| DF
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|JOR}} [[Hijazi Maher]]
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|JOR}} [[Al-Faisaly SC|Al-Faisaly]]
| Released
|
|-
| 1 September 2025
| 9
| FW
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]]
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|CYP}} [[APOEL FC]]
| Released
|<ref name=diamantakosreleased>{{cite web|date=1 September 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-diamantakos-mutually-part-ways-indian-football-ebfc-transfer-news-latest/article69999646.ece|title=East Bengal mutually parts ways with forward Diamantakos|work=Sportstar|accessdate=2 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 4 September 2025
| 33
| DF
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gursimrat Singh Gill]]
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rajasthan United FC]]
| Released
|
|-
|28 September 2025
|8
|MF
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Madih Talal]]
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC]]
|Released
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=🚨 𝗨𝗣𝗗𝗔𝗧𝗘 🚨 Emami East Bengal FC and Madih Talal have mutually agreed to part ways. 🤝 |url=https://x.com/eastbengal_fc/status/1972302399617569059 |access-date=28 September 2025 |website=X (formerly Twitter)}}</ref>
|-
|1 October 2025
|88
|MF
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mark Zothanpuia]]
| style="text-align:left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC]]
|Released
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2025 |title=🚨𝗨𝗣𝗗𝗔𝗧𝗘🚨Emami East Bengal FC and Mark Zothanpuia have mutually agreed to part ways. 🤝 |url=https://x.com/eastbengal_fc/status/1973398702388875475 |access-date=1 October 2025 |website=X (formerly Twitter)}}</ref>
|-
|5 January 2026
|17
|FW
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Hamid Ahadad]]
| style="text-align:left" |{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Hassania Agadir]]
|Released
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 January 2026|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-parts-ways-with-hamid-ahadad-isl-indian-super-league-foreign-player-football-future-news/article70474502.ece|title=East Bengal parts ways with Moroccan forward Hamid Ahadad|work=Sportstar|accessdate=15 January 2026}}</ref>
|-
|15 January 2026
|9
|FW
| style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroshi Ibusuki]]
| style="text-align:left" |{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Western Sydney Wanderers FC|Western Sydney Wanderers]]
|Released
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 January 2026|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/isl-2025-26-hiroshi-ibusuki-leaves-east-bengal-before-indian-super-league-season-ebfc-latest-transfer-updates/article70513301.ece/|title=ISL 2025-26: Hiroshi Ibusuki leaves East Bengal before Indian Super League season|work=Sportstar|accessdate=16 January 2026}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="7" | {{gain}} Income: {{INR|0}}
|}

== Team ==

===First-team squad===
: The below list contains the names and details of the players registered for the first-team squad for East Bengal. This list does not include any [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|reserve]] player who has never played in the first-team squad.

{{updated|5 May 2026}}<ref name=squad2223>{{Cite web|title=East Bengal FC Squad Details, Team|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1102-sc-east-bengal-profile/squad|access-date=2021-09-16|website=Indian Super League|language=en|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101182403/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1102-sc-east-bengal-profile/squad}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Squad|url=https://emamieastbengal.com/squad/|website=Emami East Bengal|language=en|access-date=4 November 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=4 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104085858/https://emamieastbengal.com/squad/}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%; width:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;"|No.
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:23%;"|Name
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:2%;"|{{abbr|Nat.|Nationality}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;"|{{abbr|Pos.|Position}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:22%;"|Date of Birth (Age)
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:17%;"|{{Abbr|Signed From|For "Free players", the last contracted club is mentioned.}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;"|{{Abbr|Signed In|The year when the player signed is mentioned.}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;"|{{Abbr|Contact Ends|When the current contract expires.}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;"|{{abbr|Apps|Total appearances for East Bengal.}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;"|{{abbr|Goals|Total goals for East Bengal.}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:3%;"|{{abbr|Assists|Total assists for East Bengal.}}
|-
! colspan="11" style="background:#ffcd31; color:#d71a23; text-align:center;"|Goalkeepers
|-
|13
|[[Prabhsukhan Singh Gill]] ([[Captain (association football)|vice–captain]])
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2001|1|2}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] || 2023 || 2026 || 83 || 0 || 0
|-
|24
|[[Debjit Majumder]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|3|6}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] || 2024 || 2026 || 32 || 0 || 0
|-
|26
|Aaryan Anjaneya
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|12|8}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Thiruvananthapuram Kombans FC|Thiruvanant. Kombans]] || 2025 || 2026 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
|95
|Gourab Shaw
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2004|5|4}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} Calcutta Port Trust || 2023 || 2026 || 5 || 0 || 0
|-
! colspan="11" style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Defenders
|-
|3
|[[Provat Lakra]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Fullback (association football)|RB]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1997|8|12}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]] || 2024 || 2026 || 30 || 1 || 1
|-
|4
|[[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar Ali]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Centre-back|CB]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|8|28}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Delhi FC]]|| 2024 || 2029 || 42 || 6 || 1
|-
|5
|[[Lalchungnunga]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Centre-back|CB]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|12|25}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]] || 2022 || 2026 || 94 || 3 || 2
|-
|6
|[[Kevin Sibille]]
|{{flagicon|ARG}}
|[[Fullback (association football)|CB]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1998|9|15}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Ponferradina]] || 2025 || 2026 || 16 || 2 || 2
|-
|12
|[[Mohammad Rakip]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Fullback (association football)|RB]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|5|14}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] || 2022 || 2026 || 91 || 0 || 0
|-
|16
|Martand Raina
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Centre-back|CB]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|9|10}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rajasthan United]] || 2025 || 2028 || 7 || 0 || 0
|-
|27
|[[Jay Gupta]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Fullback (association football)|LB]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2001|9|27}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Goa]] || 2025 || 2029 || 15 || 1 || 0
|-
! colspan="11" style="background:#ffcd31; color:#d71a23; text-align:center;" |Midfielders
|-
|7
|[[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|Vishnu PV]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder|LW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2001|12|24}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Muthoot Football Academy|Muthoot]] || 2023 || 2028 || 98 || 21 || 19
|-
|8
|[[Miguel Figueira]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}}
|[[Midfielder|CM]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|4|22}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|BAN}} [[Bashundhara Kings]] || 2025 || 2026 || 21 || 3 || 8
|-
|15
|[[Naorem Mahesh Singh]] ([[Captain (association football)|captain]])
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Winger (association football)|LW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1999|3|1}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] || 2022 || 2027 || 115 || 16 || 19
|-
|17
|[[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1997|3|9}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Odisha FC|Odisha]] || 2026 || 2026 || 2 || 0 || 0
|-
|21
|[[Saúl Crespo]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}}
|[[Midfielder|CM]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1996|7|23}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Odisha FC|Odisha]] || 2024 || 2026 || 68 || 17 || 9
|-
|23
|[[Souvik Chakrabarti]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder|CM]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1991|7|12}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] || 2022 || 2027 || 89 || 1 || 2
|-
|25
|[[Jeakson Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder|DM]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2001|6|21}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters]] || 2024 || 2028 || 43 || 3 || 0
|-
|29
|[[Bipin Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Forward (association football)|LW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1995|3|10}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] || 2025 || 2027 || 23 || 6 || 7
|-
|31
|Ramsanga Tlaichhun
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder|DM]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|4|24}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Real Kashmir F.C.|Real Kashmir]] || 2025 || 2028 || 5 || 0 || 0
|-
|74
|[[Mohammed Rashid]]
|{{flagicon|PLE}}
|[[Midfielder|DM]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1995|7|3}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Persebaya Surabaya]] || 2025 || 2026 || 21 || 3 || 1
|-
|84
|[[Sayan Banerjee]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder|LW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2003|01|14}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat MS]] || 2023 || 2026 || 45 || 11 || 6
|-
! colspan="11" style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Forwards
|-
|9
|[[Youssef Ezzejjari]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|5|10}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Tanjong Pagar United]] || 2026 || 2026 || 10 || 10 || 0
|-
|10
|[[Edmund Lalrindika]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1999|4|24}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Inter Kashi]] || 2025 || 2027 || 30 || 3 || 5
|-
|11
|[[Nandhakumar Sekar]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1995|12|20}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Odisha FC|Odisha]] || 2023 || 2026 || 66 || 15 || 6
|-
|14
|[[David Lalhlansanga]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2001|11|27}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] || 2024 || 2027 || 49 || 12 || 4
|-
|59
|[[Jesin TK]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|2|19}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala United FC|Kerala United]] || 2022 || 2026 || 46 || 26 || 13
|-
|77
|[[Anton Søjberg]]
|{{flagicon|DEN}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|12|21}}
|align="left"|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Monterey Bay FC]] || 2026 || 2026 || 7 || 1 || 0
|-
|}

=== New contracts ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%; width:50%;"
|-
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:1%;" |No.
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:1%;" |Pos.
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:17%;" |Date
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:left; width:30%;" |Name
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:1%;" |Ref.
|-
| 23
| MF
| 5 July 2024
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Souvik Chakrabarti]]
| <ref name=souvik2027>{{cite web|date=5 July 2025|url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/sports/souvik-extends-contract-with-east-bengal-till-2026-27/2702477|title=Souvik extends contract with East Bengal till 2026-27|work=PTI|accessdate=7 July 2025|archive-date=1 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001070819/https://www.ptinews.com/story/sports/souvik-extends-contract-with-east-bengal-till-2026-27/2702477|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 82
| RW/LW
| 7 July 2024
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|Vishnu PV]]
| <ref name=vishnu2028>{{cite web|date=7 July 2025|url=https://revsportz.in/vishnu-pv-pens-two-year-extension-with-emami-east-bengal-fc/|title=Vishnu PV Pens Two-Year Extension with Emami East Bengal FC|work=Rev Sportz|accessdate=8 July 2025|archive-date=1 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001070819/https://revsportz.in/vishnu-pv-pens-two-year-extension-with-emami-east-bengal-fc/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

=== Current technical staff ===

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |Position
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |Name
|-
| Head of Football Operations
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Thangboi Singto]]
|-
| Head coach
| align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Óscar Bruzón]]
|-
| Assistant coach
| align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} Adrian Rubio Martinez
|-
| Assistant coach
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bino George]]
|-
| Goalkeeping Coach
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Felix D'Souza]]
|-
| Strength & Conditioning Coach
| align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} Javier Sánchez Flores
|-
| Head of Physiotherapist
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Dr. Firoz Shaikh
|-
|Assistant Physiotherapist
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Arghya Bose
|-
| Assistant Physiotherapist
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Tejas Lasalkar
|-
| Performance Analyst
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Aromal Vijayan
|-
| Team Manager
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Pratim Kumar Saha
|-
| Team Doctor
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Dr. Mustufa Poonawalla
|-
| Masseur
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Rajesh Basak
|-
| Masseur
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Robin Das
|-
| Masseur
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Raju Bose
|-
|}

==Preseason and Friendlies==
East Bengal started their senior team preseason under coach [[Óscar Bruzón]] on 13 July 2025 with two weeks in hand for the [[2025 Durand Cup]]. On 30 July, East Bengal played a friendly match against [[Bhawanipore FC]] and won the match 4–2. [[Miguel Figueira|Miguel]] scored a brace while [[Dimitrios Diamantakos|Diamantakos]] and [[Hamid Ahadad|Hamid]] scored one each in the match. On 28 November, East Bengal played a friendly match with [[Dempo SC|Dempo]] in preparation for their semi-final encounter in the [[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup|Super Cup]], scheduled a week later. East Bengal won the match 4–1 with a brace from [[Hiroshi Ibusuki|Hiroshi]] and one goal each by [[Hamid Ahadad|Hamid]] and [[Saúl Crespo|Saúl]].
=== Matches ===
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|id=
|date = 30 July 2025
|round = Friendly
|time = 10:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = East Bengal
|score = 4–2
|report =
|team2 = [[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|goals1 = * [[Dimitrios Diamantakos|Diamantakos]] {{goal|?}}
* [[Miguel Figueira|Figueira]] {{goal|?||?}}
* [[Hamid Ahadad|Ahadad]] {{goal|?}}
|goals2 = * Ricky Lallawmawma {{goal|?}}
* na {{goal|?}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[AIFF National Center of Excellence]]
|attendance = 0{{efn-ua|name=CD|Closed door friendly match.}}
|result = W
|motm =
|referee =
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=
|date=28 November 2025
|round=Friendly
|time=16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=4–1
|report=
|team2=[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
|goals1=*[[Hiroshi Ibusuki|Hiroshi]] {{goal|?||?}}
* [[Hamid Ahadad|Ahadad]] {{goal|?}}
*[[Saúl Crespo|Saúl]] {{goal|?}}
|goals2= *na {{goal|?}}
|location=[[Bambolim]]
|stadium=[[GMC Athletic Stadium]]
|referee=
|motm=
|attendance=0{{efn-ua|name=CD|Closed door friendly match.}}
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=
|date=13 January 2026
|round=Friendly
|time=09:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=4–0
|report=
|team2=[[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
|goals1=*[[David Lalhlansanga|Lalhlansanga]] {{goal|?}}
*[[Naorem Mahesh Singh|Mahesh]] {{goal|?}}
*[[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|Vishnu]] {{goal|?}}
*[[Edmund Lalrindika|Lalrindika]] {{goal|?|pen}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=
|motm=
|attendance=0{{efn-ua|name=CD|Closed door friendly match.}}
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=
|date=3 February 2026
|round=Friendly
|time=09:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=2–1
|report=
|team2=[[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
|goals1=*[[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|Vishnu]] {{goal|?}}
*[[Jay Gupta|Gupta]] {{goal|?|pen}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[AIFF National Center of Excellence]]
|referee=
|motm=
|attendance=0{{efn-ua|name=CD|Closed door friendly match.}}
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=
|date=8 February 2026
|round=Friendly
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=2–0
|report=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/east-bengal-beats-mohammedan-sc-friendly-score-report-highlights-isl-news/article70608499.ece
|team2=[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|goals1=*[[David Lalhlansanga|Lalhlansanga]] {{goal|?}}
*[[Nandhakumar Sekar|Sekar]] {{goal|?}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[East Bengal Ground]]
|referee=
|motm=
|attendance=1000
|result=W
}}

==Competitions==

=== Overall record ===
Note: [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|Penalty shoot-out]] wins or losses are counted as draws, as per the official standard.<ref>Laws of the Game 2007/2008, p.130: "The kicks from the penalty mark are not part of the match"</ref><ref name="faq">{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefa/faq/ |title=FAQ: Coefficients (associations, clubs, access list) |access-date=23 June 2008 |date=1 July 2005 |publisher=[[UEFA]] |quote=Kicks from the penalty mark to determine which club qualifies or to determine the winners of a tie do not affect the actual result of the match. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527082427/http://www.uefa.com/uefa/faq/ |archive-date=27 May 2008 }}
</ref><ref name="fifarank">{{cite web |url=http://www.futbolyou.com/en/articles/ip-590_03e_wrmedium_8787.pdf |title=The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking |publisher=[[FIFA]] |date=27 May 2007 |access-date=30 October 2014 |quote=Win 3 points Draw 1 point Defeat 0 points. To ensure that the formula is not only fair but also simple, matches that are decided by a penalty shoot-out (which are considered draws under normal rules) result in the winning team receiving two points and the losing team one point. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213092016/http://www.futbolyou.com/en/articles/ip-590_03e_wrmedium_8787.pdf |archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref>
{{Fb overview2
|c=3

|c1=[[Durand Cup]] |fm1=23 July 2025 |lm1=20 August 2025 |sr1=[[2025 Durand Cup|Group stage]] |fp1=[[2025 Durand Cup knockout stage|Semi-final]] |w1=4 |d1=0 |l1=1 |f1=15 |a1=4

|c2=[[IFA Shield]] |fm2=8 October 2025 |lm2=18 October 2025 |sr2=[[2025 IFA Shield|Group stage]] |fp2={{won|place=2|Runners-up}} |w2=2 |d2=1 |l2=0 |f2=7 |a2=1

|c3=[[AIFF Super Cup|Super Cup]] |fm3={{nowrap|25 October 2025}} |lm3=7 December 2025 |sr3=[[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup|Group stage]] |fp3={{won|place=2|[[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup final|Runners-up]]}} |w3=2 |d3=3 |l3=0 |f3=9 |a3=3

|c4=[[Indian Super League]] |fm4={{nowrap|16 February 2026}} |lm4={{nowrap|17 May 2026}} |sr4=Matchday 1 |fp4= |w4=6 |d4=3 |l4=1 |f4=27 |a4=9

|c5=[[Calcutta Football League]]{{efn-ua|name=Reserves|East Bengal fielded mostly their [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|Reserve]] squad for the tournament, with [[Bino George]] taking charge as the head coach.<ref name=cfl2023>{{cite web|date=5 Jun 2023|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/19091-calcutta-football-league-cfl-goes-bigger-than-ever-for-its-historic-125th-season|title=Calcutta Football League (CFL) goes bigger than ever for its historic 125th season|work=The Fan Garage|accessdate=5 June 2023|archive-date=6 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606060715/https://thefangarage.com/articles/19091-calcutta-football-league-cfl-goes-bigger-than-ever-for-its-historic-125th-season}}</ref>}}{{efn-ua|name=Army Red 2025 CFL}} |fm5=27 June 2025 |lm5={{nowrap|22 September 2025}} |sr5={{nowrap|Group League}} |fp5=Winners |w5=11 |d5=2 |l5=2 |f5=41 |a5=12

|c6=[[Oil India Challenge Gold Cup]]{{efn-ua|name=ReservesFielded|East Bengal fielded their [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|Reserve]] squad for the tournament, with Archisman Biswas taking charge as the head coach.<ref name=oigc2025>{{cite web|first=Avik|last=Chakraborty|date=23 October 2025|url=https://m.nenow.in/article/assam/assam-oil-india-gold-cup-2025-kicks-off-in-duliajan/468809/amp|title=Assam: Oil India Gold Cup 2025 kicks off in Duliajan|work=NorthEast Now|accessdate=24 October 2025}}</ref> }}|dm6={{nowrap|25 October 2025}} |sr6={{nowrap|Quarter-final}} |fp6={{nowrap|Quarter-final}} |w6=0 |d6=0 |l6=1 |f6=0 |a6=1

|c7=[[Sikkim Gold Cup]]{{efn-ua|name=Reserves}}|dm7= 25 November 2025 |sr7= Quarter-final |fp7=Quarter-final |w7=0 |d7=0 |l7=1 |f7=0 |a7=1

|u=28 April 2026
|s=[https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/east-bengal-club-fc/3346/ Soccerway]
}}

===Durand Cup===
{{Main|2025 Durand Cup}}

East Bengal participated in the [[2025 Durand Cup]] and was grouped into Group A alongside [[Namdhari FC|Namdhari]], [[South United FC|South United]] and [[Indian Air Force (football team)|Indian Air Force]] and would play their group stage matches in Kolkata. On 23 July, East Bengal began their campaign with a 5–0 victory over South United at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]].<ref name=EBFCSUFC>{{cite web|first=Amitabha|last=Das Sharma|date=23 July 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/durand-cup-2025-east-bengal-victory-south-united-tournament-opener/article69846550.ece|title=Durand Cup 2025: East Bengal kicks off campaign with 5-0 victory over South United|work=Sportstar|accessdate=24 July 2025|archive-date=24 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171355/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/durand-cup-2025-east-bengal-victory-south-united-tournament-opener/article69846550.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal faced Namdhari in their second fixture of the Durand Cup. The match ended in a 1–0 victory as [[Hamid Ahadad]] found the back of the net from a corner kick taken by [[Miguel Figueira]].<ref name=EBFCNFC>{{cite web|first=Sushruta|last=Bhattacharjee|date=6 August 2025|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/football/east-bengal-vs-namdhari-fc-live-score-durand-cup-2025-group-a-updates-and-highlights|title=New Signing Hamid Ahadad Seals Win For Torch Bearers|work=Outlook India|accessdate=7 August 2025|archive-date=9 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250809085422/https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/football/east-bengal-vs-namdhari-fc-live-score-durand-cup-2025-group-a-updates-and-highlights|url-status=live}}</ref> In the third fixture, East Bengal defeated Indian Air Force 6–1 with goals as East Bengal topped the group with three wins and qualify for the quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/durand-cup-2025-east-bengal-beats-indian-air-force-6-1-goals-highlights-latest-updates/article69917422.ece|title=Durand Cup 2025: East Bengal thumps Indian Air Force FT 6-1, maintains perfect record in group-stage|work=Sportstar|accessdate=11 August 2025|archive-date=1 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001070819/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/durand-cup-2025-east-bengal-beats-indian-air-force-6-1-goals-highlights-latest-updates/article69917422.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal were drawn with Mohun Bagan Super Giant in the quarter-final played on 17 August 2025. East Bengal sealed a 2–1 win courtesy a brace by [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]].<ref>{{cite web|date=17 August 2025|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/mohun-bagan-vs-east-bengal-live-durand-cup-quarterfinal-kolkata-derby-football-match-today-august-17-salt-lake-stadium-101755424764510.html|title=Diamantakos scores brace as EBFC seal 2-1 win in Kolkata Derby, enter Durand Cup semis|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=18 August 2025}}</ref> On 20 August, East Bengal faced [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]] in the semi final of the Durand Cup and suffered a shock defeat as Diamond Harbour won 2–1 in an unprecedented result as East Bengal crashed out of the tournament.<ref name=DHFCEBDurand>{{cite web|first=Amitabha|last=Das Sharma|date=20 August 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/diamond-harbour-beats-east-bengal-enters-durand-cup-2025-final-dhffc-v-ebfc-highlights/article69956937.ece|title=Diamond Harbour beats East Bengal to enter Durand Cup 2025 final|work=Sportstar|accessdate=26 September 2025}}</ref>

====Group stage====
{{:2025 Durand Cup group stage|section=Group A|showteam=EAB}}

====Bracket====
{{#lst:2025 Durand Cup knockout stage|Bracket}}

==== Matches ====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#CCCCCC|Void|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvSUFC
|date=23 July 2025
|round=[[2025 Durand Cup group stage|Group stage]]
|time=17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=5–0
|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=53891
|team2=[[South United FC|South United]]
|goals1=
*[[Lalchungnunga]] {{goal|12}}
*[[Saúl Crespo|Saúl]] {{goal|38|pen.}}
*[[Provat Lakra|Lakra]] {{yel|76}}
*[[Bipin Singh Thounaojam|Bipin]] {{goal|80}}
*[[Dimitrios Diamantakos|Diamantakos]] {{goal|88}}
*[[Naorem Mahesh Singh|Mahesh]] {{goal|90}}
|goals2=
* Rowan James {{yel|51}}
* Hyzafah Ahmad Dar {{yel|62}}
* Talib Nazir {{yel|86}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=Aditya Purkayastha
|motm=[[Naorem Mahesh Singh]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=18,546
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvNFC
|date=6 August 2025
|round=[[2025 Durand Cup group stage|Group stage]]
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=1–0
|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=53914
|team2=[[Namdhari FC|Namdhari]]
|goals1= *[[Naorem Mahesh Singh|Mahesh]] {{yel|42}}
*[[Hamid Ahadad|Hamid]] {{goal|68}}
*[[Miguel Figueira|Miguel]] {{yel|71}}
|goals2= *[[Dé (footballer, born 1998)|Dé]] {{yel|36}}
*[[Akashdeep Singh Kahlon|Akashdeep]] {{yel|38}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=Lakshay
|motm= [[Mohammed Rashid]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=6,292
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvIAFF
|date=10 August 2025
|round=[[2025 Durand Cup group stage|Group stage]]
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=6–1
|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=53922
|team2=[[Indian Air Force (football team)|Indian Air Force]]
|goals1=* [[Hamid Ahadad|Hamid]] {{goal|7}}
* [[Bipin Singh Thounaojam|Bipin]] {{goal|26}}
* [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar]] {{goal|64}}
* [[Mohammed Rashid|Rashid]] {{goal|68}}
* [[Saúl Crespo|Saúl]] {{goal|85}}
*[[David Lalhlansanga|David]] {{goal|90+1}}
|goals2=* Aman Khan {{goal|36}}
*Md. Aqib {{yel|67}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Kishore Bharati Krirangan]]
|referee=Shantan Agrawal
|motm= Subhajit Basu (Indian Air Force)
|attendance=8,395
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvMBG
|date=17 August 2025
|round=[[2025 Durand Cup knockout stage|Quarter-final]]
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]]
|score=1–2
|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54790
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1= * [[Anirudh Thapa|Thapa]] {{goal|68}}
*[[Lalengmawia Ralte|Apuia]] {{yel|45+3}}
*[[Deepak Tangri|Tangri]] {{yel|90+4}}
*[[Dimitri Petratos|Petratos]] {{yel|90+4}}
|goals2=* [[Dimitrios Diamantakos|Diamantakos]] {{goal|38|pen.|52}} {{yel|52}}
*[[Saúl Crespo|Saúl]] {{yel|43}}
*[[Miguel Figueira|Miguel]] {{yel|45+2}}
*[[Mohammad Rakip|Rakip]] {{yel|71}}
*[[Lalchungnunga]] {{yel|90+4}}
*[[Souvik Chakrabarti|Souvik]] {{yel|90+4}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=Venkatesh R
|motm= [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=58,676
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvMBG
|date=20 August 2025
|round=[[2025 Durand Cup knockout stage|Semi-final]]
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]
|score=2–1
|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54835
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1= *[[Sairuat Kima]] {{yel|23}}
*Melroy {{yel|66}}
*Kortazar {{goal|66}}
*[[Jobby Justin|Jobby]] {{goal|83}}
|goals2= *[[Lalchungnunga]] {{yel|33}}
*[[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar]] {{goal|67}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=Harish Kundu
|motm= [[Mirshad Michu]] (Diamond Harbour)
|attendance=18,960
|result=L
}}

===IFA Shield===
{{Main|2025 IFA Shield}}
East Bengal will participate in the IFA Shield and was grouped into Group A alongside [[Namdhari FC|Namdhari]] and [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]].<ref name=ifashield>{{cite web|date=6 October 2025|url=https://football-tribe.com/india/2025/10/06/ifa-shield-2025-the-historic-tournament-returns-for-its-125th-edition/|title=IFA Shield 2025: The Historic Tournament Returns for its 125th Edition|work=Football Tribe|accessdate=7 October 2025}}</ref> In the opening match on 8 October at the [[Kalyani Stadium]], East Bengal defeated Sreenidhi Deccan by 4–0 with goals from [[Jay Gupta]], [[Saúl Crespo]], [[Hamid Ahadad]] and [[Jeakson Singh]].<ref name=EBvSD>{{cite web|date=8 October 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-vs-sreenidi-deccan-score-ifa-shield-2025-result-jay-gupta-saul-jeksom-hamid-goals-highlights/article70140083.ece/|title=IFA Shield 2025: East Bengal puts four past Sreenidi Deccan FC in opening encounter|work=Sportstar|accessdate=8 October 2025|archive-date=9 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009211216/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-vs-sreenidi-deccan-score-ifa-shield-2025-result-jay-gupta-saul-jeksom-hamid-goals-highlights/article70140083.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal faced Namdhari in the all-important group A decider which they won 2–0 with goals from [[Mohammed Rashid]] and [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|P.V. Vishnu]] and sealed a spot in the final held on 18 October.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 October 2025 |title=East Bengal beats Namdhari FC to enter IFA Shield final; potential Kolkata derby vs Mohun Bagan on cards |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-enters-ifa-shield-final-beats-namdhari-fc-kolkata-derby-v-mohun-bagan-on-cards/article70162262.ece |access-date=14 October 2025 |work=Sportstar}}</ref> In the final, East Bengal faced Mohun Bagan SG and took the lead in 36th minute courtesy a goal from [[Hamid Ahadad]], but Apuia scored in 45+3rd minute to take the game to extra time and penalties. [[Jay Gupta]] missed the crucial penalty and East Bengal lost the match.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2025 |title=IFA Shield title changes mood of Mohun Bagan fans |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/ifa-shield-title-changes-mood-of-mohun-bagan-fans-101760806428408.html |access-date=18 October 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

====Group stage====
{{:2025 IFA Shield|transcludesection=Group A|showteam=EAB}}
==== Matches ====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#CCCCCC|Void|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvSDC
|date=8 October 2025
|round=[[2025 IFA Shield|Group stage]]
|time= 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=4–0
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/56905 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=56905 I-League]
|team2=[[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
|goals1=
*[[Jay Gupta|Gupta]] {{goal|21}}
*[[Saúl Crespo|Crespo]] {{goal|38}}
*[[Hamid Ahadad|Ahadad]] {{goal|48}}
*[[Jeakson Singh Thounaojam|Jeakson]] {{goal|51}}
|goals2=
*Jaydev Sharma {{yel|27}}
|location=[[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium=[[Kalyani Stadium]]
|referee=Dipu Roy
|motm=[[Saúl Crespo]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=8,000
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvNAM
|date=14 October 2025
|round=[[2025 IFA Shield|Group stage]]
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Namdhari FC|Namdhari]]
|score=0–2
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/56964 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=56964 I-League]
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1=
* Karandeep Singh {{yel|40}}
* [[Lamine Moro|Moro]] {{yel|45}}
* [[Kamalpreet Singh|Kamalpreet]] {{yel|55}}
* Michael Osei {{yel|72}}
* Sehajdeep Singh {{yel|90+6}}
|goals2=
* [[Mohammed Rashid|Rashid]] {{goal|19}}
* [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|Vishnu]] {{goal|41}}
* [[David Lalhlansanga|Lalhlansanga]] {{yel|49}}
* [[Lalchungnunga]] {{yel|79}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Kishore Bharati Krirangan]]
|referee=Rohan Das Gupta
|motm=[[Mohammed Rashid]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=2,659
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABv
|date=18 October 2025
|round=[[2025 IFA Shield|Final]]
|time= 18:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=1–1
|aet=yes
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/57337 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=57337 I-League]
|team2=[[Mohun Bagan SG]]
|goals1=
*[[Hamid Ahadad|Hamid]] {{goal|36}}
*[[Lalchungnunga]] {{yel|63}}
*[[Naorem Mahesh Singh|Mahesh]] {{yel|111}}
|goals2=
*[[Lalengmawia Ralte|Apuia]] {{goal|45+3}}
*[[Alberto Rodríguez (footballer, born 1992)|Alberto]] {{yel|49}}
*[[Robinho (footballer, born July 1995)|Robson]] {{yel|91}}
*[[Subhasish Bose|Subhasish]] {{yel|109}}
|penaltyscore= 4–5
|penalties1=
* [[Miguel Figueira|Miguel]] {{pengoal}}
* [[Kevin Sibille|Kevin]] {{pengoal}}
* [[Naorem Mahesh Singh|Mahesh]] {{pengoal}}
* [[Jay Gupta|Jay]] {{penmiss}}
* [[Hiroshi Ibusuki|Hiroshi]] {{pengoal}}
|penalties2=
* {{pengoal}} [[Robinho (footballer, born July 1995)|Robson]]
* {{pengoal}} [[Manvir Singh (footballer, born 1995)|Manvir]]
* {{pengoal}} [[Liston Colaco|Liston]]
* {{pengoal}} [[Dimitri Petratos|Petratos]]
* {{pengoal}} [[Mehtab Singh (footballer)|Mehtab]]
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=Venkatesh R
|motm=[[Naorem Mahesh Singh]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=50,236
|result=D
}}

===Super Cup===
{{Main|2025–26 AIFF Super Cup}}

East Bengal will participate in the Super Cup and was grouped into Group A alongside [[Mohun Bagan Super Giants]], [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] and [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]].<ref name=SuperCup2025Draw>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/group-stage-draw-for-kalinga-super-cup-2023-24-conducted|title=Group stage draw for Kalinga Super Cup 2023-24 conducted|website=the-aiff.com|access-date=|archive-date=11 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111164127/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/group-stage-draw-for-kalinga-super-cup-2023-24-conducted|url-status=live}}</ref> However, on 15 October, [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]] withdrew and [[Dempo SC|Dempo]] were announced as their replacement.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 October 2025 |title=Real Kashmir FC withdraws from AIFF Super Cup 2025-26; Dempo SC named replacement |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/real-kashmir-fc-withdraws-aiff-super-cup-2025-26-dempo-replacement/article70170882.ece |access-date=16 October 2025 |work=Sportstar}}</ref> East Bengal faced their old rivals [[Dempo SC|Dempo]] in the opening match of the tournament. [[Mohamed Ali (footballer)|Mohamed Ali]] gave Dempo an early lead in the game. However, East Bengal scored twice in quick succession and took the lead. Laximanrao scored the equaliser for Dempo in the 89th minute as the match ended in a 2–2 draw.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 2025 |title=Late Rane equaliser gives Dempo SC point against East Bengal|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-vs-dempo-sc-live-score-updates-super-cup-2025-26-ebfc-v-dem-goals-highlights/article70201197.ece |access-date=25 October 2025 |work=Sportstar}}</ref> On 28 October, East Bengal faced [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] in a do-or-die match and comfortably won 4–0 with a brace from [[Bipin Singh]] and first goals for East Bengal by [[Kevin Sibille|Kevin]] and [[Hiroshi Ibusuki|Hiroshi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 October 2025 |title=Red and Golds grab comprehensive 4-0 win against Marina Machans|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-vs-chennaiyin-fc-live-score-aiff-super-cup-2025-ebfc-v-cfc-updates-goals-highlights/article70211912.ece |access-date=28 October 2025 |work=Sportstar}}</ref> East Bengal needed a draw against their arch-rivals [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]] in the final match of Group A to qualify for the semi-finals. The match eventually ended in a 0–0 draw despite East Bengal controlling the proceedings for the major part of the game and qualified for semi-finals as Group A toppers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 October 2025 |title=Red and Golds qualify for AIFF Super Cup semifinals after goalless draw against Mariners in Kolkata Derby |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/mohun-bagan-sg-vs-east-bengal-live-score-aiff-super-cup-kolkata-derby-updates-mbsg-ebfc-lineups-goals-highlights/article70225685.ece |access-date=31 October 2025 |work=Sportstar}}</ref> In the semi-final, East Bengal faced [[Punjab FC|Punjab]] and won comfortably 3–1 with goals from [[Mohammed Rashid|Rashid]], [[Kevin Sibille|Kevin]] and [[Saúl Crespo|Saúl]] thus sealing a spot in the final against [[FC Goa|Goa]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 December 2025 |title=Red and Gold Brigade enters final |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-vs-punjab-fc-live-score-updates-highlights-aiff-super-cup-semifinal-ebfc-v-pfc-indian-football-news/article70357042.ece |access-date=4 December 2025 |work=Sportstar}}</ref>

====Group stage====
{{2025–26 AIFF Super Cup group tables|Group A|showteam=EAB}}
====Bracket====
{{:2025–26 AIFF Super Cup|transcludesection=bracket}}

==== Matches ====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#CCCCCC|Void|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvRKFC
|date=25 October 2025
|round=[[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup group stage|Group stage]]
|time=16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=2–2
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/57383 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=57383 I-League]
|team2=[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
|goals1=
*[[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar]] {{yel|45+4}}
*[[Mahesh Singh Naorem|Mahesh]] {{goal|46}}
*[[Miguel Figueira|Miguel]] {{goal|57}}
*[[Lalchungnunga]] {{yel|59}}
*[[Kevin Sibille|Kevin]] {{yel|90+1}}
|goals2=
*[[Mohamed Ali (footballer)|Mohamed]] {{goal|27}} {{yel|51}}
*Vinay {{yel|66}}
*Nestor {{sent off|2|84|90+4}}
*Knerkitalang {{yel|84}}
*Laximanrao {{goal|89}}
|location=[[Bambolim]]
|stadium=[[GMC Athletic Stadium]]
|referee= Ashwin
|motm=Laximanrao Rane (Dempo)
|attendance=934
|result=D
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvCFC
|date=28 October 2025
|round=[[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup group stage|Group stage]]
|time=16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|score=0–4
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/57385 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=57385 I-League]
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1=
*[[Jiteshwor Singh Yumkhaibam|Jiteshwor]] {{yel|6}}
*[[Lalrinliana Hnamte|Hnamte]] {{yel|43}}
*[[Irfan Yadwad|Irfan]] {{yel|55}}
|goals2=
*[[Kevin Sibille|Kevin]] {{goal|36}}
*[[Bipin Singh|Bipin]] {{goal|40||45+1}}
*[[Hiroshi Ibusuki|Hiroshi]] {{goal|90+4|pen.}}
|location=[[Bambolim]]
|stadium=[[GMC Athletic Stadium]]
|referee=Aditya Purkayastha
|motm= [[Naorem Mahesh Singh]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=247
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvMBSG
|date=31 October 2025
|round=[[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup group stage|Group stage]]
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan SG]]
|score=0–0
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/57388 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=57388 I-League]
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1=
*[[Subhasish Bose|Bose]] {{yel|26}}
|goals2=
*[[Naorem Mahesh Singh|Mahesh]] {{yel|26}}
*[[Miguel Figueira|Miguel]] {{yel|26}}
*[[Jay Gupta|Gupta]] {{yel|62}}
|location=[[Fatorda]]
|stadium=[[Fatorda Stadium]]
|referee=Harish Kundu
|motm=[[Alberto Rodríguez (footballer, born 1992)|Alberto Rodríguez]] (Mohun Bagan SG)
|attendance=1,245
|result=D
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvPFC
|date= 4 December 2025
|round=[[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup|Semi final]]
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=3–1
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/58108 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=58108 I-League]
|team2=[[Punjab FC|Punjab]]
|goals1=
*[[Mohammed Rashid|Rashid]] {{goal|12}} {{yel|35}}
*[[Kevin Sibille|Kevin]] {{goal|45+3}}
*[[Saúl Crespo|Saúl]] {{goal|70}}
|goals2=
*[[Dani Ramírez|Ramírez]] {{goal|34|pen.}}
*[[Pramveer Singh|Pramveer]] {{yel|38}}
*[[Nikhil Prabhu|Prabhu]] {{yel|59}}
*[[Effiong Nsungusi|Nsungusi]] {{yel|75}}
|location=[[Fatorda]]
|stadium=[[Fatorda Stadium]]
|referee= Ashwin
|motm=
|attendance= 300
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABv
|date= 7 December 2025
|round=[[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup final|Final]]
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=0–0
|aet=Yes
|penaltyscore= 5–6
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/59672 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=59672 I-League]
|team2=[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|goals1=
*[[Mohammed Rashid|Rashid]] {{yel|84}}
*[[Prabhsukhan Singh Gill|Gill]] {{yel|120}}
|goals2=
*[[Boris Singh Thangjam|Boris]] {{yel|6}}
*[[Dejan Dražić|Dražić]] {{yel|67}}
|penalties1 =
*[[Kevin Sibille|Sibille]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Saúl Crespo|Saúl]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Miguel Figueira|Miguel]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Mohammed Rashid|Rashid]] {{penmiss}}
*[[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|A. Ali]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Hamid Ahadad|Ahadad]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|PV Vishnu]] {{penmiss}}
|penalties2 =
*{{penmiss}} [[Borja Herrera|Borja]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Javier Siverio|Siverio]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Dejan Dražić|Dejan]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Muhammed Nemil|Nemil]]
*{{pengoal}} [[David Timor|Timor]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Udanta Singh Kumam|Udanta]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Sahil Tavora|Tavora]]
|location=[[Fatorda]]
|stadium=[[Fatorda Stadium]]
|referee= Harish Kundu
|motm= [[Hrithik Tiwari]] (Goa)
|attendance= 9,400
|result=D
}}

 
----
=== Indian Super League ===
{{Main|2025–26 Indian Super League}}

==== Summary ====
East Bengal confirmed their participation along with the thirteen other teams for the 2025–26 Indian Super League season, which was delayed due to various administrative issue with the AIFF and their exiting commercial partner [[Football Sports Development Limited|FSDL]].<ref name=ISLconfirm>{{cite web|date=12 January 2026|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/isl-2025-26-season-indian-super-league-teams-confirm-west-bengal-kolkata-mohun-bagan-east-bengal/article70501956.ece|title=All 14 teams confirm participation for ISL 2025-26; West Bengal to have three home venues|work=Sportstar|accessdate=14 January 2025}}</ref> East Bengal would play their home matches at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] in Kolkata.<ref name=EBYBKHome>{{cite web|date=11 February 2026|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-home-venue-salt-lake-stadium-yuva-bharati-krirangan-isl-2025-26-wb-cm-mamata-banerjee-help/article70616416.ece|title=ISL 2025-26: East Bengal to play home games of Indian Super League at Salt Lake Stadium|work=Sportstar|accessdate=12 February 2026}}</ref>

==== League table ====
{{2025–26 Indian Super League points table|showteam=EBN}}

==== Result summary ====
{{Fb_rs|hw=4|hd=3|hl=1|hgf=22|hga=7|aw=2|ad=0|al=0|agf=5|aga=2|dp=}}

==== Results by match ====
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header = Match
|label1 = Ground
| res1 = H/H/H/H/H/A/A/H/H/H/A/A/A
|label2 = Result
| res2 = W/W/L/D/D/W/W/D/W/W
|label3 = Position
| res3 = 1/1/3/4/4/4/3/3/4/1

|text_H=Home|text_A=Away
|color_W=green2|text_W=Win
|color_D=yellow2|text_D=Draw
|color_L=red2|text_L=Loss

|color_1=1st|color_2=2nd|color_3=3rd

|source=[https://www.indiansuperleague.com/schedule-fixtures indiansuperleague.com]
|updated=5 May 2026
}}

==== Matches ====
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvNUFC
|date=16 February 2026
|round=Round 1
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score= 3–0
|report= https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/63339
|team2=[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|goals1=*[[Mohammed Rashid|Rashid]] {{yel|53}}
*[[Youssef Ezzejjari|Youssef]] {{goal|65||70}}
*[[Edmund Lalrindika|Edmund]] {{yel|87}}
*[[Miguel Figueira|Miguel]] {{goal|90+2}}
|goals2=*[[Jithin M. S.|Jithin]] {{yel|35}}
*[[Míchel Zabaco|Zabaco]] {{yel|90+6}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee= Venkatesh R
|attendance = 18,636
|motm=[[Youssef Ezzejjari]] (East Bengal)
|result= W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvSCD
|date=21 February 2026
|round=Round 2
|time=17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=4–1
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/63342
|team2=[[SC Delhi]]
|goals1=*[[Edmund Lalrindika|Edmund]] {{goal|7}}
*[[Youssef Ezzejjari|Youssef]] {{goal|12||40}}
*[[Jay Gupta|Jay]] {{yel|87}}
*[[Miguel Figueira|Miguel]] {{goal|90+5}}
|goals2=*Lalrochana {{goal|4}}
*[[Clarence Fernandes|Clarence]] {{yel|11}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=Crystal John
|attendance = 20,386
|motm=[[Youssef Ezzejjari]] (East Bengal)
|result= W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvJFC
|date=27 February 2026
|round=Round 3
|time=17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=1–2
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/63349
|team2=[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|goals1=*[[Lalchungnunga]] {{yel|17}}
*[[Edmund Lalrindika|Edmund]] {{goal|41}}
*[[Miguel Figueira|Miguel]] {{yel|86}}
|goals2=*[[Mohammed Sanan|Sanan]] {{yel|2}}
*[[Stephen Eze|Eze]] {{goal|61}} {{yel|90+1}}
*[[Nikhil Barla|Nikhil]] {{yel|71}}
*[[Rei Tachikawa|Tachikawa]] {{goal|87}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=Aditya Purkayastha
|motm=[[Stephen Eze]] (Jamshedpur)
|attendance=22,899
|result=L
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvFCG
|date=5 March 2026
|round=Round 4
|time=17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=0–0
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/63355
|team2=[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|goals1=* [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|Vishnu]] {{yel|90}}
|goals2=* [[Dejan Dražić|Dejan]] {{yel|23}}
* [[Ayush Chhetri|Ayush]] {{yel|25}}
* [[Boris Singh Thangjam|Boris]] {{yel|49}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=Lakshay
|motm=[[Miguel Figueira]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=12,853
|result=D
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvKBFC
|date=14 March 2026
|round=Round 5
|time=17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=1–1
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/63364
|team2=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1=* [[Youssef Ezzejjari|Ezzejjari]] {{goal|10|pen}}
|goals2=* [[Aibanbha Dohling|Dohling]] {{yel|10}}
* [[Fallou Ndiaye|Ndiaye]] {{yel|86}}
* [[Muhammad Ajsal|Ajsal]] {{goal|90+6}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=Harish Kundu
|motm= [[Muhammad Ajsal]] (Kerala Blasters)
|attendance=13,379
|result=D
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=MDSvEAB
|date=23 March 2026
|round=Round 6
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=7–0
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/63372
|team2=[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|goals1=* [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar]] {{goal|6||79}}
* [[Youssef Ezzejjari|Ezzejjari]] {{goal|14|pen|55|pen}}
* [[Saúl Crespo|Crespo]] {{goal|38|pen}}
* [[Vishnu P. V.|Vishnu]] {{goal|75}}
* [[Nandhakumar Sekar|Sekar]] {{goal|90+6}}
|goals2=* Joseph Lalmuanawma {{sent off|2|33|36}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=Crystal John
|motm=[[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar Ali]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=11,213
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=CFCvEAB
|date=11 April 2026
|round=Round 7
|time=17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|score=1–3
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/63385
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1=* [[Pritam Kotal|Kotal]] {{yel|3}}
* [[Irfan Yadwad|Yadwad]] {{goal|28}}
|goals2=* [[Edmund Lalrindika|Lalrindika]] {{goal|7}}
* [[Miguel Figueira|Miguel]] {{yel|34}}
* [[Kevin Sibille|Sibille]] {{yel|65}}
* [[Bipin Singh|Bipin]] {{goal|83}}
* [[Nandhakumar Sekar|Sekar]] {{goal|90+6}}
|location=[[Chennai]]
|stadium=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|referee=Harish Kundu
|motm=[[Bipin Singh]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=2,947
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvBFC
|date=16 April 2026
|round=Round 8
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=3–3
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/63390
|team2=[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|goals1=* [[Kevin Sibille|Sibille]] {{yel|16}}
* [[Souvik Chakrabarti]] {{yel|18}}
* [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar]] {{goal|21}}
* [[Edmund Lalrindika|Lalrindika]] {{yel|23}}
* [[Miguel Figueira|Miguel]] {{sent off|0|24}}
* [[Saúl Crespo|Crespo]] {{goal|56}}
* [[Anton Søjberg|Søjberg]] {{goal|90+7}} {{yel|90+7}}
|goals2=* [[Rahul Bheke|Bheke]] {{yel|6}}
* [[Ashique Kuruniyan|Ashique]] {{goal|12}}
* [[Naorem Roshan Singh|Roshan]] {{yel|36}}
* [[Suresh Singh Wangjam|Suresh]] {{goal|40}}
* [[Ryan Williams (footballer, born 1993)|Williams]] {{yel|45+2}} {{goal|72}}
* Soham Varshneya {{yel|86}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=Ashwin
|motm=[[Saúl Crespo]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=13,244
|result=D
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvOFC
|date=28 April 2026
|round=Round 10
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=3–0
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/63404
|team2=[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|goals1=* [[Bipin Singh|Bipin]] {{goal|11}}
* [[Saúl Crespo|Crespo]] {{yel|45}}
* [[Souvik Chakrabarti|Chakrabarti]] {{yel|52}}
* [[Anton Søjberg|Søjberg]] {{yel|57}}
* [[Youssef Ezzejjari|Ezzejjari]] {{goal|70||83}}
* [[Jay Gupta|Gupta]] {{yel|90+4}}
|goals2=* [[Hitesh Sharma (footballer)|Sharma]] {{yel|28}}
* [[Thoiba Singh Moirangthem|Thoiba]] {{yel|45+1}}
|location=[[Margao]]
|stadium=[[Fatorda Stadium]]
|note=The home match for East Bengal was shifted to Goa due to elections in West Bengal.<ref name=EBFCOFC2026>{{cite web|date=28 April 2026|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-vs-odisha-score-results-updates-isl-2025-26-ebfc-v-ofc-goals-standings-youssef-ezzejjari/article70917708.ece|title=ISL 2025-26: Ezzejjari brace, Bipin’s first-half strike help East Bengal ease past Odisha and stay in title race|work=Sportstar|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref>
|referee=Lakshay
|motm=[[Bipin Singh]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=233<ref name=EBFCOFC2026/>
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=MCFCvEAB
|date=8 May 2026
|round=Round 12
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|score=1–2
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/63404
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1=* [[Brandon Fernandes|Brandon]] {{goal|8}}
* Zothanpuia {{yel|22}}
* [[Rehenesh T. P.|Rehenesh]] {{yel|37}}
* [[Phurba Lachenpa|Lachenpa]] {{yel|57}}
|goals2=* [[Souvik Chakrabarti|Chakrabarti]] {{yel|51}}
* [[Youssef Ezzejjari|Ezzejjari]] {{goal|58|pen}}
* [[Nandhakumar Sekar|Sekar]] {{goal|71}}
* [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|Vishnu]] {{yel|84}}
* [[Prabhsukhan Singh Gill|Gill]] {{yel|88}}
* [[Kevin Sibille|Sibille]] {{yel|90+7}}
|location=[[Mumbai]]
|stadium=[[Mumbai Football Arena]]
|referee=Lakshay
|motm=[[Kevin Sibille]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=3,649
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvPFC
|date=11 May 2026
|round=Round 9
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=
|report=
|team2=[[Punjab FC|Punjab]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=
|motm=
|attendance=
|result=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=MBSGvEAB
|date=17 May 2026
|round=Round 11
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]
|score=
|report=
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee=
|motm=
|attendance=
|result=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=OFCvEAB
|date=TBD
|round=Round 13
|time=:[[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Inter Kashi FC|Inter Kashi]]
|score=
|report=
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location=[[Bhubaneshwar]]
|stadium=[[Kalinga Stadium]]
|referee=
|motm=
|attendance=
|result=
}}
 
----

===Calcutta Football League===
{{Main|2025 CFL Premier Division}}

{{See also|East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy{{!}}East Bengal Club Reserves and Academy}}

====Summary====
East Bengal participated in the [[2025 CFL Premier Division]] and was drawn into group A for the first phase of the tournament where twenty-six teams were divided into two groups of thirteen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/football/mohun-bagan-and-east-bengal-are-in-group-a-in-the-kolkata-league-premier-division-prnt/cid/1607317|title=কলকাতা লিগে একই গ্রুপে দুই প্রধান|trans-title=Two Kolkata Giant teams in the same group in the Kolkata League|lang=bn|access-date=2025-05-29|website=Anandabazar.com}}</ref> East Bengal fielded mostly the reserve squad led by head coach [[Bino George]] for the Calcutta Football League like the previous three seasons.<ref name=Bino>{{cite web|date=29 June 2024|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/east-bengal-fc-kick-off-2024-2025-cfl-season-against-tollygunge-agragami/articleshow/111372192.cms|title=EB begin CFL campaign today|work=The Times of India|accessdate=30 June 2024|archive-date=30 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630153213/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/east-bengal-fc-kick-off-2024-2025-cfl-season-against-tollygunge-agragami/articleshow/111372192.cms}}</ref> East Bengal opened their group stage campaign on 27 June against Measurers Club at the [[Bankimanjali Stadium]] in [[Naihati]] and won 7–1, repeating the same scoreline from the opening fixture of the previous season.<ref name=EBvMES>{{cite web|date=27 June 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-vs-measurers-club-score-result-cfl-2025-26-manotos-maji-goal-calcutta-football-league/article69745935.ece#:~:text=East%20Bengal%20began%20its%20Calcutta,Dey%20got%20on%20the%20scoresheet.|title=East Bengal thrashes Measurers Club to open CFL 2025-25 campaign; Debutant Manotos Maji gets on scoresheet|work=Sportstar|accessdate=2 July 2025|archive-date=1 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001070820/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-vs-measurers-club-score-result-cfl-2025-26-manotos-maji-goal-calcutta-football-league/article69745935.ece#:~:text=East%20Bengal%20began%20its%20Calcutta,Dey%20got%20on%20the%20scoresheet.|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal qualified for the Super Six stage being the toppers of Group A with 23 points from 11 matches {{efn-ua|name=Army Red 2025 CFL|Later 26 points from 12 matches, as [[Army Red football team|Army Red]] didn't field their team in group stage, thus IFA gave free 3 points to all other teams of Group A with 3–0 victory.}}.<ref name=EBSuperSix2025CFL>{{cite web|date=29 August 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-qualifies-super-six-calcutta-football-league-cfl-kolkata-football-mohun-bagan-news/article69988854.ece|title=East Bengal qualifies for Super Six stage in Calcutta Football League|work=Sportstar|accessdate=9 September 2025}}</ref> In the super-six round, East Bengal first defeated United Kolkata 3–0 and then [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]] 3–1, as East Bengal cruise their way closer to the league championship title.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 September 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-vs-diamond-harbour-score-report-highlights-calcutta-football-league-super-six-championship-round/article70049841.ece|title=East Bengal inches closer to Calcutta Football League title after beating Diamond Harbour|work=Sportstar|accessdate=17 September 2025}}</ref> On 22 September, East Bengal faced [[United SC]] in the title decider, as a draw would suffice for East Bengal to win the tournament. East Bengal won the match 2–1 and won the [[Calcutta Football League]] for the record 41st time.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Transfermarkt India |date=23 September 2025 |title=East Bengal crowned CFL 25/26 title following hard-fought victory against United SC |url=https://www.transfermarkt.co.in/east-bengal-crowned-cfl-25-26-title-following-hard-fought-victory-against-united-sc/view/news/460778 |work=[[Transfermarkt]]}}</ref>

====Table====
{{:2025 CFL Premier Division|transcludesection=Group A|showteam=EAB}}
'''Super Six'''
{{:2025 CFL Premier Division|transcludesection=Super Six|showteam=EAB}}

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#CCCCCC|Void|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvMES
|date=27 June 2025
|round=1
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Measurers Club
|score= 1–7
|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=53365
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1=* Andy Zakhary Mawthoh {{goal|69}}
|goals2=* Monotos Maji {{goal|23}}
* [[Sayan Banerjee|Banerjee]] {{goal|35}}
* Vanlalpeka Guite {{goal|38}}
* Tanmay Das {{goal|48}}
* Suman Dey {{yel|50}} {{goal|90+4}}
* [[Jesin TK|Jesin]] {{goal|64||66}}
|location=[[Naihati]]
|stadium=[[Bankimanjali Stadium]]
|referee=Rahul Karmakar
|motm=[[Jesin TK|Jesin]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=1,593
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvNASS
|date=4 July 2025
|round=2
|time=17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score= 1–1
|report=[https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=53589 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=53589 I-League]
|team2=[[New Alipore Suruchi Sangha|Suruchi Sangha]]
|goals1=* Vanlalpeka Guite {{goal|45+1}}
* [[Sayan Banerjee|Banerjee]] {{yel|60}}
* Suman Dey {{yel|70}}
|goals2=* Karmanya Bansal {{goal|48}}
* Bablu Oraon {{sent off|0|70}}
* Subham Roy {{yel|81}}
* Sk. Golap {{yel|90+1}}
* Seijoseph Haokip {{yel|90+5}}
|location=[[Naihati]]
|stadium=[[Bankimanjali Stadium]]
|referee=Nripen Haldar
|motm= Chaku Mandi (East Bengal)
|attendance=2000
|result=D
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvCCC
|date=12 July 2025
|round=4
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score= 2–2
|report= [https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/53747 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=53747 I-League]
|team2=[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|goals1=* Joseph Justin {{yel|35}}
*Ananthu NS {{goal|61}}
*[[Provat Lakra]] {{goal|71}}
*Tanmay Das {{yel|90+8}}
|goals2=* Shlok Tiwari {{goal|18}}
*Sourav Sen {{goal|22}}
*Zahid Yousif {{yel|69}}
*Arkaprabha Das {{yel|90+7}}
|location=[[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium= [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|referee=Surojit Das
|motm= Ricki Gharami (Calcutta Customs)
|attendance= 200
|result=D
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvPACC
|date=15 July 2025
|round=5
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Pathachakra Club|Pathachakra]]
|score= 1–0
|report= [https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/53862 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=53862 I-League]
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1= *David Motla {{yel|43}}, {{goal|87}}
*Avijit Kar {{yel|60}}
*Shibsankar Kujur {{yel|75}}
|goals2= *Chaku Mandi {{yel|35}}
* [[Provat Lakra]] {{yel|90+3}}
|location= [[Barrackpore]]
|stadium=Bibhutibhusan Stadium
|referee= Rohan DasGupta
|motm=
|attendance= 700
|result= L
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvMBSG
|date=26 July 2025
|round=6
|time=17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score= 3–2
|team2=[[Mohun Bagan SG]]
|goals1=*[[Jesin TK|Jesin]] {{goal|9}}
*[[Sayan Banerjee|Banerjee]] {{goal|45+6}}
*Martand {{yel|45+7}}
*Suman {{yel|53}}
*[[Aman C. K.|Aman]] {{sentoff|2|63|90+8}}
*[[David Lalhlansanga|Lalhlansanga]] {{goal|69}}, {{yel|70}}
*[[Debjit Majumder|Majumder]] {{yel|90+8}}
|goals2=* Karan {{yel|31}}
*Deeprobhat {{yel|45}}
*[[Leewan Castanha|Castanha]] {{goal|53}}
*[[Kiyan Nassiri|Nassiri]] {{goal|67}}
|location=[[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium=[[Kalyani Stadium]]
|report = [https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/54144 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54144 I-League]
|attendance = 14,350
|motm = [[Sayan Banerjee]] (East Bengal FC)
|referee = Aditya Purkayastha
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvBSS
|date=29 July 2025
|round=3
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[BSS Sporting Club]]
|score= 0–6
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/54236 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54236 I-League]
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1=* Sourav Ram {{yel|43}}
* Ayan Nag {{yel|68}}
|goals2=* Chaku Mandi {{goal|18}}
* [[David Lalhlansanga|Lalhlansanga]] {{goal|30}}
* Muhammed Ashiq S {{goal|33}}
* Shyamal Besra {{yel|56}}
* Naseeb Rahman {{goal|72}}
* [[Mark Zothanpuia|Zothanpuia]] {{goal|74}}
* Vanlalpeka Guite {{goal|75}}
|location=[[Barrackpore]]
|stadium=Bibhutibhusan Stadium
|referee=Rabin Biswas
|motm=Chaku Mandi (East Bengal)
|attendance=500
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvPAC
|date=3 August 2025
|round=7
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Kolkata Police|Police AC]]
|score= 2–0
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/54405 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54405 I-League]
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1=* Mohammed Amil Naim {{goal|11}}
* Mrinmoy Mahapatra {{yel|46}} {{goal|75}}
|goals2=* [[Provat Lakra|Lakra]] {{yel|31}}
* [[David Lalhlansanga|Lalhlansanga]] {{yel|48}}
|location=[[Barrackpore]]
|stadium=Bibhutibhusan Stadium
|referee=Tarun Kumar Biswas
|motm=Ujjal Howladar (Police AC)
|attendance=700
|result=L
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvKSL
|date=8 August 2025
|round=8
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=1–0
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/54522 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54522 I-League]
|team2=Kalighat SLA
|goals1=*[[Debjit Majumder|Majumder]] {{yel|4}}
*Bikram Pradhan {{yel|47}}
*Vanlalpeka Guite {{goal|55}}
*Muhammed Ashiq {{yel|57}}
*Ajad Saheem {{yel|88}}
|goals2=*Lenminlun Doungel {{yel|21}}
*Najmul Molla {{yel|59}}
|location=[[Naihati]]
|stadium=[[Bankimanjali Stadium]]
|referee=Suvankar Das
|motm=Vanlalpeka Guite (East Bengal)
|attendance=800
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvRFC
|date=12 August 2025
|round=9
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=3–0
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/54655 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54655 I-League]
|team2=Railway FC
|goals1=*[[Sayan Banerjee|Banerjee]] {{goal|25||28}}
*Chaku Mandi {{sent off|2|59|71}}
*Naseeb Rahman {{goal|90+1}}
|goals2=*Sourav Das {{yel|53}}
*Sayan Das {{yel|61}}
*Abhishek Aich {{yel|68}}
*Masum Robbani {{yel|68}}
|location=[[Naihati]]
|stadium=[[Bankimanjali Stadium]]
|referee=Sandip Das
|motm=[[Sayan Banerjee]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=250
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvGGT
|date=26 August 2025
|round=10
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=4–0
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/54994 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54994 I-League]
|team2=[[George Telegraph SC|George Telegraph]]
|goals1=* Bikram Pradhan {{yel|48}}
* [[Provat Lakra|Lakra]] {{yel|65}}
* [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|Vishnu]] {{goal|68||88}}
* [[Debjit Majumder|Majumder]] {{yel|71}}
* [[David Lalhlansanga|Lalhlansanga]] {{penmiss}} 77'
* [[Sayan Banerjee|Banerjee]] {{goal|83}}
* Monotosh Maji {{goal|90+3}}
|goals2=* Jeet Nandi {{yel|71}}
* Tuhin Dey Talukdar {{yel|76}}
|location=[[Barrackpore]]
|stadium=Bibhutibhusan Stadium
|referee=Bimalendu Mondal
|motm=[[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|P. V. Vishnu]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=450
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvKMS
|date=29 August 2025
|round=11
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=3–1
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/55117 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=55117 I-League]
|team2=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat MS]]
|goals1=* [[David Lalhlansanga|Lalhlansanga]] {{goal|25}}
* Guite Vanlalpeka {{goal|53}}
* [[Debjit Majumder|Majumder]] {{yel|69}}
* [[Souvik Chakrabarti|Souvik]] {{yel|82}}
* Shyamal Besra {{goal|88}}
* [[Sayan Banerjee|Sayan]] {{yel|90}}
|goals2=*Samaresh Das {{yel|41}}
*Sahajid Gazi {{yel|41}}
*Devadath S {{goal|71|pen}}
|location=[[Naihati]]
|stadium=[[Bankimanjali Stadium]]
|referee=Simanta Kahar
|motm=Vanlalpeka Guite (East Bengal)
|attendance=300
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvARFC
|date={{sort dash}}
|round=12
|time=
|team1=East Bengal
|score=3–0 {{efn|[[Walkover]]}}
|report =
|note=[[Army Red football team|Army Red]] didn't field their team in group stage, thus IFA gave free 3 points to all other teams of Group A with 3–0 victory.
|team2=[[Army Red football team|Army Red]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location=
|stadium=
|referee=
|motm=
|attendance=
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvUKSC
|date=11 September 2025
|round=Super Six
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=3–0
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/55450 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=55450 I-League]
|team2=United Kolkata
|goals1=* Chaku Mandi {{yel|40}}
* Naseeb Rahman {{goal|45+2}}
* [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|Vishnu]] {{goal|48}}
* Vanlalpeka Guite {{goal|69}}
|goals2=* [[Jiten Murmu|Murmu]] {{yel|28}}
* Suvo Biswas {{yel|47}}
* Debayan Hazra {{yel|85}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[East Bengal Ground]]
|referee=Rohan Das Gupta
|motm=[[Provat Lakra]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=2,000
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvDHFC
|date=14 September 2025
|round=Super Six
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score=3–1
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/55563 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=55563 I-League]
|team2=[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]
|goals1=* Tanmay Das {{yel|5}}
* Chaku Mandi {{yel|13}}
* [[David Lalhlansanga|Lalhlansanga]] {{goal|27}} {{yel|56}}
* [[Jesin TK|Jesin]] {{goal|75||90+6}} {{yel|90+7}}
* Naseeb Rahman {{yel|90+5}}
|goals2=* [[Sairuat Kima|Kima]] {{yel|43}} {{goal|71}}
* Suprodip Hazra {{yel|90+2}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Kishore Bharati Krirangan]]
|referee=Surojit Das
|motm=Chaku Mandi (East Bengal)
|attendance=1,000
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvUSC
|date=22 September 2025
|round=Super Six
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[United SC|United Sports]]
|score=1–2
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/55806 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=55806 I-League]
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1=* [[Mohammed Rafique (footballer)|Rafique]] {{yel|50}}
* Susovan Ghosh {{yel|70}}
* Amit Basak {{goal|88}}
|goals2=* [[David Lalhlansanga|Lalhlansanga]] {{goal|37}}
* Shyamal Besra {{goal|88}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[East Bengal Ground]]
|referee=Rabin Biswas
|motm=Bikram Pradhan (East Bengal)
|attendance=5,000
|result=W
}}

 
----

===Oil India Challenge Gold Cup===
{{Main|Oil India Challenge Gold Cup}}

East Bengal also participated in the 8th [[Oil India Challenge Gold Cup]] held at [[Duliajan]], [[Assam]] and fielded mostly their reserve squad for the tournament. East Bengal started the tournament directly from the quarter-final.<ref name=oigc2025/> [[Oil India FC|Oil India]] scored in the 89th minute and East Bengal suffered a 0–1 loss, thus crashing out of the tournament.

====Bracket====
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:RoundN|main
|style=font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap
|score-boxes=1|columns=3 |3rdplace=no|short_brackets=yes
|team-width=180|score-width=18


|24 Oct | '''[[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]''' | '''3''' | [[Assam Police FC|Assam Police]]| 1
|25 Oct | [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal II]] | 0| '''[[Oil India FC|Oil India]]''' | '''1'''
|23 Oct | [[NorthEast United FC Reserves and Academy|NorthEast United II]] | 0 | '''[[United Chirang Duar FC|United Chirang Duar]]''' | '''4'''
|26 Oct | '''[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]''' | '''1''' | [[TRAU FC|TRAU]] |0


|27 Oct | '''[[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]''' | '''1''' | [[Oil India FC|Oil India]] | 0
|28 Oct | [[United Chirang Duar FC|United Chirang Duar]] |1 |'''[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]''' |'''4'''


|30 Oct | [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]] | 0 | '''[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]''' | '''2'''
}}</onlyinclude>

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#CCCCCC|Void|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvOIFC
|date=25 October 2025
|round=Quarter-final
|time=17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=East Bengal
|score= 0–1
|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=57666
|team2=[[Oil India FC|Oil India]]
|goals1=
*Ajad {{yel|43}}
*[[Sayan Banerjee|Sayan]] {{yel|58}}
|goals2=
*Akrang {{goal|89}}
|location=[[Duliajan]]
|stadium=[[Nehru Maidan, Duliajan|Nehru Maidan]]
|referee=Baju Tussoh
|motm=Akrang Narzary (Oil India)
|attendance=4,000
|result=L
}}
 
----

===Sikkim Gold Cup===
{{Main|2025 Sikkim Gold Cup}}

East Bengal also participated in the 41st [[Sikkim Gold Cup]] held at [[Paljor Stadium]], [[Gangtok]] and fielded mostly their reserve squad for the tournament. East Bengal started the tournament directly from the quarter-final.

====Bracket====
{{:2025 Sikkim Gold Cup|transcludesection=bracket}}
====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#CCCCCC|Void|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|id=vEAB
|date=25 November 2025
|round=Quarter-final
|time=16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1= [[Services football team|Services]]
|score= 1–0
|aet=yes
|report=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-vs-services-live-score-highlights-sikkim-gold-cup-2025-quarterfinals-updates-ebfc/article70321100.ece
|team2=East Bengal
|goals1=* Abhishek Pawar {{goal|93}}
|goals2=* Joesph Justin {{yel|15}}
* Bikram Pradhan {{sent off|2|26|46}}
* Lalramsanga {{yel|60}}
* Debojit Roy {{yel|118}}
|location=[[Gangtok]]
|stadium=[[Paljor Stadium]]
|referee=
|motm=
|attendance=
|result=L
}}
 
----

==Statistics==
===Appearances===
::''Players with no appearances are not included in the list.''
{{updated|5 May 2026}}<ref name=soccerway>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/east-bengal-club-fc/3346/squad/|title=East Bengal FC - Squad|work=Soccerway|access-date=19 November 2022|archive-date=19 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119045326/https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/east-bengal-club-fc/3346/squad/}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%; width:85%;"
|-
| colspan="20" |'''Appearances for East Bengal in 2025–26 season'''
|-
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|{{Abbr|Pos.|Position}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|{{Tooltip|Nat.|Nationality}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:170px;" rowspan="2"|Name
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2"|Durand Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2"|Indian Super League
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2"|Super Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2"|IFA Shield
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2"|Calcutta League
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2"|Oil India Gold Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2"|Sikkim Gold Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts
|-
! colspan="20" |'''Goalkeepers'''
|-
| 13 || [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Prabhsukhan Singh Gill]]
| 4 || 4
| 10 || 10
| 4 || 4
| 2 || 2
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 20 !! 20
|-
| 24 || [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Debjit Majumder]]
| 1 || 1
| 0 || 0
| 1 || 1
| 2 || 1
| 5 || 5
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 9 !! 8
|-
| 27 || [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Aditya Patra
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 5 || 5
| 1 || 1
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 6 !! 6
|-
| 95 || [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Gourab Shaw
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 0 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 0 || 0
| 4 || 4
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 1
! 5 !! 5
|-
! colspan="20" |'''Defenders'''
|-
| 3 || [[Fullback (association football)|RB]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Provat Lakra]]
| 3 || 1
| 0 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 11 || 11
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 14 !! 12
|-
| 4 || [[Centre-back|CB]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar Ali]]
| 5 || 5
| 9 || 9
| 5 || 5
| 1 || 1
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 20 !! 20
|-
| 5 || [[Centre-back|CB]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Lalchungnunga]]
| 4 || 4
| 5 || 4
| 4 || 2
| 3 || 3
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 16 !! 13
|-
| 6 || [[Centre-back|CB]] || {{flagicon|ARG}} || [[Kevin Sibille]]
| 4 || 3
| 4 || 4
| 5 || 5
| 3 || 2
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 16 !! 14
|-
| 12 || [[Fullback (association football)|RB]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Mohammad Rakip]]
| 5 || 5
| 8 || 5
| 5 || 5
| 3 || 3
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 21 !! 18
|-
| 16 || [[Centre-back|CB]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Martand Raina
| 2 || 2
| 2 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 1
| 2 || 2
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 7 !! 5
|-
| 27 || [[Fullback (association football)|LB]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jay Gupta]]
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 7 || 3
| 5 || 3
| 3 || 2
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 15 !! 8
|-
| 54 || [[Centre-back|CB]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Adil Amal
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 0 || 0
| 1 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 1 !! 0
|-
| 63 || [[Centre-back|CB]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Monotosh Chakladar]]
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 3 || 3
| 1 || 1
| 1 || 1
! 5 !! 5
|-
| 69 || [[Fullback (association football)|LB]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Sonam Tsewang Lhokham
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 1
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0
! 2 !! 1
|-
| 72 || [[Fullback (association football)|LB]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Bikram Pradhan
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 0 || 0
| 11 || 10
| 1 || 1
| 1 || 1
! 13 !! 12
|-
| 81 || [[Fullback (association football)|RB]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Suman Dey
| 0 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 0 || 0
| 7 || 7
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0
! 8 !! 7
|-
| 85 || [[Centre-back|CB]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Chaku Mandi
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 10 || 8
| 1 || 1
| 1 || 1
! 12 !! 10
|-
| 90 || [[Centre-back|CB]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Justin Joseph
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 0 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 11 || 11
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 1
! 12 !! 12
|-
! colspan="20" |'''Midfielders'''
|-
| 7 || [[Midfielder|LW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|P. V. Vishnu]]
| 4 || 1
| 10 || 6
| 4 || 0
| 3 || 2
| 6 || 6
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 27 !! 15
|-
| 8 || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|BRA}} || [[Miguel Figueira]]
| 4 || 4
| 9 || 8
| 5 || 4
| 3 || 2
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 21 !! 18
|-
| 10 || [[Midfielder|RW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Edmund Lalrindika]]
| 5 || 4
| 10 || 9
| 4 || 0
| 3 || 1
| 6 || 3
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 28 !! 17
|-
| 15 || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Naorem Mahesh Singh]]
| 5 || 5
| 4 || 1
| 5 || 5
| 1 || 1
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 15 !! 12
|-
| 17 || [[Midfielder|RW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]]
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 2 || 1
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 2 !! 1
|-
| 21 || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|ESP}} || [[Saúl Crespo]]
| 5 || 4
| 7 || 7
| 5 || 5
| 3 || 3
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 20 !! 19
|-
| 23 || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Souvik Chakrabarti]]
| 3 || 0
| 9 || 2
| 1 || 0
| 2 || 0
| 4 || 4
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 19 !! 6
|-
| 25 || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jeakson Singh]]
| 3 || 1
| 10 || 10
| 1 || 0
| 2 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 16 !! 11
|-
| 29 || [[Midfielder|LW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Bipin Singh]]
| 5 || 4
| 10 || 10
| 5 || 5
| 3 || 3
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 23 !! 22
|-
| 30 || [[Midfielder|AM]] || {{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} || Vanlalpeka Guite
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 0 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 14 || 6
| 1 || 0
| 1 || 0
! 16 !! 6
|-
| 31 || [[Midfielder|AM]] || {{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} || Lalramsanga
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 0 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 4 || 1
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 1
! 5 !! 2
|-
| 53 || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Ananthu NS
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 4 || 1
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0
! 5 !! 1
|-
| 58 || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Sanjib Ghosh
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 4 || 2
| 1 || 1
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 5 !! 3
|-
| 61 || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Tanmay Das
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 14 || 13
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 14 !! 13
|-
| 62 || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Laikhuram Ricky Singh
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0
| 1 || 1
! 2 !! 1
|-
| 64 || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Naseeb Rahman
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 11 || 10
| 1 || 1
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 12 !! 11
|-
| 66 || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Shyamal Besra
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 8 || 2
| 1 || 1
| 1 || 1
! 10 !! 4
|-
| 68 || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Kush Chhetry
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 1
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 1 !! 1
|-
| 71 || [[Midfielder|RW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Muhammed Roshal PP
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 6 || 2
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 6 !! 2
|-
| 74 || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|PSE}} || [[Mohammed Rashid]]
| 4 || 2
| 9 || 8
| 5 || 5
| 3 || 3
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 21 !! 18
|-
|<s> 75 </s> || [[Midfielder|LW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Aman C. K.]]
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 10 || 7
| 1 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 11 !! 7
|-
|<s> 77 </s> || [[Midfielder|CM]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Sanjoy Oraw
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 3 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 3 !! 0
|-
| 80 || [[Midfielder|AM]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Ajad Saheem T
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 5 || 1
| 1 || 1
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 6 !! 2
|-
| 83 || [[Midfielder|AM]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Koustav Dutta
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 3 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 3 !! 0
|-
| 84 || [[Midfielder|LW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Sayan Banerjee]]
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 0 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0
| 12 || 10
| 1 || 1
| 1 || 1
! 15 !! 12
|-
| 87 || [[Midfielder|RW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Bijay Murmu
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 4 || 2
| 1 || 1
| 1 || 1
! 6 !! 4
|-
|<s> 88 </s> || [[Midfielder|MF]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Mark Zothanpuia
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 3 || 2
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 3 !! 2
|-
! colspan="20" |'''Forwards'''
|-
|<s> 9 </s> || [[Forward (association football)|FW]] || {{flagicon|GRE}} || [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]]
| 4 || 2
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 4 !! 2
|-
|<s> 9 </s> || [[Forward (association football)|FW]] || {{flagicon|JPN}} || [[Hiroshi Ibusuki]]
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 5 || 3
| 1 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 6 !! 3
|-
| 9 || [[Forward (association football)|FW]] || {{flagicon|ESP}} || [[Youssef Ezzejjari]]
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 10 || 7
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 10 !! 7
|-
| 11 || [[Forward (association football)|FW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Nandhakumar Sekar]]
| 2 || 0
| 8 || 3
| 1 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 11 !! 3
|-
| 14 || [[Forward (association football)|FW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[David Lalhlansanga]]
| 4 || 1
| 7 || 0
| 3 || 0
| 2 || 1
| 8 || 8
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 24 !! 10
|-
|<s> 17 </s> || [[Forward (association football)|FW]] || {{flagicon|MAR}} || [[Hamid Ahadad]]
| 3 || 2
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 4 || 3
| 3 || 2
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 10 !! 7
|-
| 52 || [[Forward (association football)|FW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Debojit Roy
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0
! 1 !! 0
|-
| 55 || [[Forward (association football)|FW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Muhammed Ashiq S
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 4 || 2
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 4 !! 2
|-
| 56 || [[Forward (association football)|FW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Monotos Maji
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 4 || 1
| 1 || 1
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 5 !! 2
|-
| 59 || [[Forward (association football)|FW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jesin TK]]
| 0 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0
| 7 || 1
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 1
! 9 !! 2
|-
| 70 || [[Forward (association football)|FW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Muhammad K Ashique
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 4 || 2
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 4 !! 2
|-
| 73 || [[Forward (association football)|FW]] || {{flagicon|IND}} || Andrews Albert
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 1 !! 0
|-
| 77 || [[Forward (association football)|FW]] || {{flagicon|DEN}} || [[Anton Søjberg]]
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
| 7 || 3
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=2| {{sort dash}}
! 7 !! 3
|-
|}

===Goal scorers===
{{updated|5 May 2026}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hero ISL Player Stats - No.of Goals in season|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/339-138-goals-player-statistics|access-date=8 October 2022|website=Indian Super League|language=en|url-status=live|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009135525/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/339-138-goals-player-statistics}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; width:80%;"
|-
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Rank
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|{{Abbr|Pos.|Position}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|{{Tooltip|Nat.|Nationality}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:170px;"|Name
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|Durand Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|Indian Super League
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|Super Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|IFA Shield
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|Calcutta League
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|Oil India Gold Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|Sikkim Gold Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" |Total
|-
|rowspan=1|1
| 9 || FW || {{flagicon|ESP}} || [[Youssef Ezzejjari]]
| {{sort dash}}
| 10
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 10
|-
|rowspan=4|2
| 14 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[David Lalhlansanga]]
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| 5
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 6
|-
| 21 || CB || {{flagicon|ESP}} || [[Saúl Crespo]]
| 2
| 2
| 1
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 6
|-
| 29 || LW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Bipin Singh]]
| 2
| 2
| 2
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 6
|-
| 30 || AM || {{flagicon|IND}} || Vanlalpeka Guite
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 6
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 6
|-
|rowspan=4|6
| 4 || CB || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar Ali]]
| 2
| 3
| 0
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 5
|-
| 7 || RW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|P. V. Vishnu]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 3
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 5
|-
| 59 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jesin TK]]
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 5
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 5
|-
| 84 || RW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Sayan Banerjee]]
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 5
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 5
|-
|rowspan=1|10
| 17 || FW || {{flagicon|MAR}} || [[Hamid Ahadad]]
| 2
| {{sort dash}}
| 0
| 2
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 4
|-
|rowspan=6|11
| 8 || AM || {{flagicon|BRA}} || [[Miguel Figueira]]
| 0
| 2
| 1
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 3
|-
| 9 || FW || {{flagicon|GRE}} || [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]]
| 3
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 3
|-
| 10 || AM || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Edmund Lalrindika]]
| 0
| 3
| 0
| 0
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 3
|-
| 11 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Nandhakumar Sekar]]
| 0
| 3
| 0
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 3
|-
| 64 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Naseeb Rahman
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 3
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 3
|-
| 74 || CM || {{flagicon|PSE}} || [[Mohammed Rashid]]
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 3
|-
|rowspan=4|16
| 6 || CB || {{flagicon|ARG}} || [[Kevin Sibille]]
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| 2
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 2
|-
| 15 || CM || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Naorem Mahesh Singh]]
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 2
|-
| 56 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || Monotos Maji
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 2
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 2
|-
| 66 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Shyamal Besra
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 2
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 2
|-
|rowspan=12|21
| 3 || RB || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Provat Lakra]]
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 5 || CB || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Lalchungnunga]]
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| 0
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 9 || FW || {{flagicon|JPN}} || [[Hiroshi Ibusuki]]
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 25 || CM || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jeakson Singh ]]
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| 0
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 27 || LB || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jay Gupta]]
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 0
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 53 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Ananthu NS
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 55 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || Muhammed Ashiq S
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 61 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Tanmay Das
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 77 || FW || {{flagicon|DEN}} || [[Anton Søjberg]]
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 81 || RB || {{flagicon|IND}} || Suman Dey
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 85 || CB || {{flagicon|IND}} || Chaku Mandi
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 88 || CM || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Mark Zothanpuia]]
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
|colspan=5| ''Own Goals''
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|0
! 0
|-
!colspan=5| Total
! 15
! 27
! 9
! 7
! 38
! 0
!0
! 96
|-
|}

=== Assists ===
{{updated|5 May 2026}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hero ISL Player Stats - No.of Assists in season|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/339-153-assists-player-statistics|access-date=8 October 2022|website=Indian Super League|language=en|url-status=live|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009135500/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/339-153-assists-player-statistics}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; width:80%;"
|-
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Rank
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|{{Abbr|Pos.|Position}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|{{Tooltip|Nat.|Nationality}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:170px;"|Name
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|Durand Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|Indian Super League
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|Super Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|IFA Shield
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|Calcutta League
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|Oil India Gold Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;"|Sikkim Gold Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" |Total
|-
|rowspan=1|1
| 8 || CM || {{flagicon|BRA}} || [[Miguel Figueira]]
| 2
| 4
| 2
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 8
|-
|rowspan=3|2
| 7 || AM || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|P. V. Vishnu]]
| 0
| 3
| {{sort dash}}
| 0
| 4
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 7
|-
| 15 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Naorem Mahesh Singh]]
| 2
| 1
| 3
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 7
|-
| 29 || LW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Bipin Singh]]
| 1
| 4
| {{sort dash}}
| 2
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 7
|-
|rowspan=2|5
| 10 || AM || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Edmund Lalrindika]]
| 1
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| 0
| 2
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 4
|-
| 64 || CM || {{flagicon|IND}} || Naseeb Rahman
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 4
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 4
|-
|rowspan=3|6
| 14 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[David Lalhlansanga]]
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| 2
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 3
|-
| 30 || AM || {{flagicon|IND}} || Vanlalpeka Guite
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 3
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 3
|-
| 75 || RW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Aman C. K.]]
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 3
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 3
|-
|rowspan=4|10
| 6 || CB || {{flagicon|ARG}} || [[Kevin Sibille]]
| 1
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 2
|-
| 21 || CM || {{flagicon|ESP}} || [[Saúl Crespo]]
| 0
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 2
|-
| 66 || AM || {{flagicon|IND}} || Shyamal Besra
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 2
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 2
|-
| 84 || LW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Sayan Banerjee]]
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 2
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 2
|-
|rowspan=10|14
| 4 || CB || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar Ali]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 5 || CB || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Lalchungnunga]]
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 9 || FW || {{flagicon|GRE}} || [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]]
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 23 || CM || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Souvik Chakrabarti]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 59 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jesin TK]]
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 61 || CM || {{flagicon|IND}} || Tanmay Das
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 70 || LW || {{flagicon|IND}} || Muhammed Ashique K
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 74 || CM || {{flagicon|PSE}} || [[Mohammed Rashid]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 80 || AM || {{flagicon|IND}} || Ajad Saheem T
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
| 85 || CB || {{flagicon|IND}} || Chaku Mandi
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
|{{sort dash}}
! 1
|-
!colspan=5| Total
! 8
! 18
! 6
! 5
! 27
! 0
!0
! 62
|-
|}

=== Clean sheets ===
{{updated|28 April 2026}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hero ISL Player Stats - No.of Clean Sheets in season|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/339-141-clean-sheets-player-statistics|access-date=8 October 2022|website=Indian Super League|language=en|url-status=live|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009135459/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/339-141-clean-sheets-player-statistics}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable alternance" ; style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; width:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|{{Tooltip|Nat.|Nationality}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:186px"|Player
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Durand Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Indian Super League
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Super Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|IFA Shield
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Calcutta League
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Oil India Gold Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Sikkim Gold Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Total
|-
| 13 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Prabhsukhan Singh Gill]]
| 1
| 4
| 2
| 1
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
! 8
|-
| 24 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Debjit Majumder]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 2
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
! 4
|-
| 27 || {{flagicon|IND}} || Aditya Patra
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 0
| 0
| {{sort dash}}
! 0
|-
| 95 || {{flagicon|IND}} || Gourab Shaw
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| {{sort dash}}
| 3
| {{sort dash}}
| 0
! 3
|-
|}

===Disciplinary record===
{{updated|5 May 2026}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hero ISL Player Stats - No.of Yellow Cards in season|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/339-143-yellow-cards-player-statistics|access-date=8 October 2022|website=Indian Super League|language=en|url-status=live|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009135500/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/339-143-yellow-cards-player-statistics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hero ISL Player Stats - No.of Red Cards in season|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/339-144-red-cards-player-statistics|access-date=8 October 2022|website=Indian Super League|language=en|url-status=live|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009135459/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/339-144-red-cards-player-statistics}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:70%; width:100%;"
|-
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:1%;" rowspan="2"|{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:1%;" rowspan="2"|{{Tooltip|Nat.|Nationality}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:12%;" rowspan="2"| Name
! colspan="4" style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"| Durand Cup
! colspan="4" style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"| Indian Super League
! colspan="4" style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"| Super Cup
! colspan="4" style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"| IFA Shield
! colspan="4" style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"| Calcutta League
|-
!{{yel}}!!{{sent off|1}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!{{yel}}!!{{sent off|1}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!{{yel}}!!{{sent off|1}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!{{yel}}!!{{sent off|1}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!{{yel}}!!{{sent off|1}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
|-
| 3 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Provat Lakra]]
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 3 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 4 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar Ali]]
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| colspan="4" | {{sort dash}}
|-
| 5 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Lalchungnunga]]
| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0
| colspan="4" | {{sort dash}}
|-
| 6 || {{flagicon|ARG}} || [[Kevin Sibille]]
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 3 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| colspan="4" | {{sort dash}}
|-
| 7 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|P. V. Vishnu]]
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 8 || {{flagicon|BRA}} || [[Miguel Figueira]]
| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 2 || 1 || 0 || 0
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|-
| 9 || {{flagicon|GRE}} || [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]]
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|-
| 10 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Edmund Lalrindika]]
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 12 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Mohammad Rakip]]
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|-
| 13 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Prabhsukhan Singh Gill]]
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|-
| 14 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[David Lalhlansanga]]
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 3 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 15 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Naorem Mahesh Singh]]
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|-
| 16 || {{flagicon|IND}} || Martand Raina
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 21 || {{flagicon|ESP}} || [[Saúl Crespo]]
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|-
| 23 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Souvik Chakrabarti]]
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 3 || 0 || 0 || 0
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 24 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Debjit Majumder]]
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 4 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 27 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jay Gupta]]
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|-
| 55 || {{flagicon|IND}} || Muhammed Ashiq S
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 59 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jesin TK]]
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 61 || {{flagicon|IND}} || Tanmay Das
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 64 || {{flagicon|IND}} || Naseeb Rahman
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 66 || {{flagicon|IND}} || Shyamal Besra
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 72 || {{flagicon|IND}} || Bikram Pradhan
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 74 || {{flagicon|PLE}} || [[Mohammed Rashid]]
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|-
| 75 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Aman C. K.]]
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0 || 1 || 0
|-
| 77 || {{flagicon|DEN}} || [[Anton Søjberg]]
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 2 || 0 || 1 || 0
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|-
| 80 || {{flagicon|IND}} || Ajad Saheem T
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
| colspan="4" |{{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 81 || {{flagicon|IND}} || Suman Dey
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 3 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 84 || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Sayan Banerjee]]
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 85 || {{flagicon|IND}} || Chaku Mandi
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 4 || 0 || 1 || 0
|-
| 90 || {{flagicon|IND}} || Justin Joseph
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
|colspan=4| {{sort dash}}
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[2025–26 in Indian football]]
* [[2025–26 East Bengal FC Women season]]

==Notes==
{{notelist-ua}}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

==External links==
* [https://emamieastbengal.com/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410172600/https://emamieastbengal.com/ |date=10 April 2023}}

{{East Bengal F.C.}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2025-26 East Bengal FC season}}
[[Category:East Bengal Club seasons]]
[[Category:2025–26 Indian Super League season by team|East Bengal FC]]

Abhaisingh Pura

2026-05-01T22:11:10Z

KateCurmi92: Adding

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{orphan|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Abhaisingh Pura
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| coordinates = {{coord|28.0164|N|74.1092|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Sub-District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Shri Dungargarh]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Assembly Constituency]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Dungargarh Assembly constituency|Dungargarh]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 23.45
| population_total = 979
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Rajasthan|last=ORGI}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official Language
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 331803
| registration_plate = RJ-07
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=30 December 2024|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
}}
'''Abhaisingh Pura''' is a village located in [[Shri Dungargarh]] Tehsil within the [[Bikaner]] district of [[Rajasthan|Rajasthan, India]].
This village's population primarily rely on [[agriculture]], and many of them own their own enterprises.

==Demographics==

As per 2011 Census, conducted by Government of India; population of this village is 979, out of which 500 is male population and 479 is female population. There're total 118 houses in this village.
Literacy rate of this village is 48.21%<ref>{{cite web |title= Census of Abhaisingh Pura village. |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/69908-abhaisingh-pura-rajasthan.html |access-date=30 December 2024}}</ref>

100% of the village population follows [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by religious community - Bikaner District |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}</ref>

{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in Abhaisingh Pura Village (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd117|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|100}}
|caption=Distribution of religions in Abhaisingh Pura Village}}

[[Bagri language|Bagri]], a dialect of [[Rajasthani Language|Rajsthani]] is the most spoken language here. The village administration follows [[Hindi Language|Hindi]] as their official language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages in Abhaisingh Pura village|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10234/download/13346/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX}}</ref>

{{Pie chart|thumb=left|value1=96|value2=3.9|value3=0.10|color1=yellow|color2=red|color3=Pink|caption=Languages of Abhaisingh Pura village(2011)|label1=[[Bagri language|Bagri]]|label2=[[Hindi]]|label3=[[English Language|English]]}}

The PIN Code (Postal Index Number Code) of this village is 331803.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

[[Category:Villages in Bikaner district]]

{{Bikanerdivision-geo-stub}}

Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel

2026-04-27T05:03:03Z

KateCurmi92: done!

{{Short description|Indian environmental research commission}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox organization
|name = Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel
|image = Gadgil Commission Report.jpg
|image_alt =
|caption = Gadgil Commission Report
|map =
|map_size =
|map_alt =
|map_caption =
|map2 =
|abbreviation = WGEEP
|predecessor =
|successor = Kasturirangan Commission
|formation =
|extinction =
|type =
|status =
|purpose =
|headquarters =
|location = Environmental Science
|coordinates =
|region_served = Western Ghats
|num_members =
|language =
|general_secretary =
|leader_title = Chairman
|leader_name = [[Madhav Gadgil]]
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|leader_title4 =
|leader_name4 =
|key_people =
|main_organ =
|parent_organization =
|affiliations =
|budget =
|num_staff =
|num_volunteers =
|website =
|remarks =
|former_name =
}}

The '''Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel''' ('''WGEEP'''), also known as the '''Gadgil Commission''' after its chairman [[Madhav Gadgil]], was an environmental research commission appointed by the [[Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)|Ministry of Environment and Forests]] of India. The commission submitted the report to the [[Government of India]] on 31 August 2011. The Expert Panel approached the project through a set of tasks, such as:
# Compilation of readily available information about [[Western Ghats]]
# Development of [https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fo/7a5c5bx2lvd0ou46wbk9a/AI-1c-almsCwy215RDmjyRQ?rlkey=knw3avyre7rqkyrmumedz3bc2&dl=0 Geo-spatial database] based on environmental sensitivity ''(Note: The geospatial datasets restored by [https://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/India OSGEO], contain critical GIS datasets from the WGEEP panel, including boundaries of critical wildlife corridors in the western ghats, biodiversity information, geo regions etc. The ESZ information was missing in the GIS datasets provided by OSGEO. Paani.Earth, a citizen led initiative for conservation of rivers has spatially mapped the ESZ taluks information provided in the WGEEP Report<ref name="Ref 1" />. While there may be errors, our goal is to make this information more accessible) and''
# Consultation with Government bodies and Civil society groups.<ref name="Ref 1">{{cite web|title=Report of the Western Ghats, Ecology Expert Panel|url=https://ruralindiaonline.org/library/resource/report-of-the-western-ghats-ecology-expert-panel/|access-date=1 November 2013|work=Madhav Gadgil Commission|publisher=The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India}}</ref>

Certain sections of people in Kerala, strongly protested the implementation of the report since most of the farmers obtained their livelihood from the hilly regions in [[Wayanad]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Church's stand on Gadgil report wrong| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/%E2%80%98Church%E2%80%99s-stand-on-Gadgil-report-wrong%E2%80%99/2013/05/05/article1575590.ece| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607010932/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/%E2%80%98Church%E2%80%99s-stand-on-Gadgil-report-wrong%E2%80%99/2013/05/05/article1575590.ece| url-status=dead| archive-date=7 June 2014|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=5 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kerala priests and politicians unite to oppose Gadgil report on Western Ghats|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/featured/story/gadgil-report-western-ghats-politcians-and-church-unite-to-oppose-214542-2013-10-15|publisher=India Today}}</ref>
During the 20th century, a very large number of people had migrated from [[Travancore|southern Kerala]] and acquired forest land in Wayanad and other areas. The Gadgil Commission report was criticised for being excessively environment-friendly and not in tune with the ground realities.<ref name="rediff.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/interview/the-kasturirangan-report-is-a-disaster-for-the-western-ghats/20131230.htm|title=The Kasturirangan Report is a disaster for the Western Ghats|website=Rediff}}</ref>

== Ecology Expert Panel ==
;Chairman
* Professor [[Madhav Gadgil]], Ph.D ([[Harvard University]]), Former HOD, Centre for Ecological Sciences, [[Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Fellow-Biodata |url=http://insaindia.org/detail.php?id=N84-0244 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131101065657/http://insaindia.org/detail.php?id=N84-0244 |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 November 2013 |work=insaindia.org/ |publisher=INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY |access-date=1 November 2013 }}</ref>

;Members
*Dr. [[V. S. Vijayan]], Ph.D. ([[University of Mumbai]]), Founder Director, [[Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History]], Coimbatore; Former Chairman, [[the Kerala State Biodiversity Board]].
*Prof. (Ms.) [[Renee Borges]], Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.
*Prof. [[Raman Sukumar|R. Sukumar]], Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.
*Dr. Ligia Noronha
* Dr. [[K. N. Ganeshaiah|K.N. Ganeshaiah]]
* Shri. B.J. Krishnan
*Ms Vidya S. Nayak
*Dr. D. K. Subramaniam

;Ex-officio members
*Dr. R.V. Varma, Chairman, [[The Kerala State Biodiversity Board]]
*Chairman, National Biodiversity Authority(NBA)
*Prof S.P. Gautam, Chairman, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
*Dr. R.R. Navalgund, Director, Space Application Centre (SAC)
*Dr. G.V. Subrahmanyam, Advisor (RE), Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi<ref name="Ref 1"/>

== Major recommendations of Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) ==
* The panel recommended a National-level authority, Western Ghats Ecology Authority (WGEA).
* The Gadgil Commission report was criticised for being too environment-friendly.

The report was considered by [[UNESCO]], which added the 39 serial sites of the Western Ghats on the [[World Heritage List]].<ref name="econtimes">{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-18/news/43178612_1_hlwg-western-ghats-gadgil-committee|title=MoEF approves Kasturirangan panel report on Western Ghats|date=2013-10-18|location=New Delhi|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|access-date=2014-01-08|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108131023/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-18/news/43178612_1_hlwg-western-ghats-gadgil-committee}}</ref>

==Kasturirangan Report==
The Kasturirangan Commission has sought to balance the two concerns of development and environment protection, by watering down the environmental regulation regime proposed by the Western Ghats Ecology Experts Panel’s Gadgil report in 2012. The Kasturirangan report seeks to bring just 37% of the Western Ghats under the Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) zones — down from the 64% suggested by the Gadgil report.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/why-india-must-protect-the-western-ghats-from-getting-lost/story-gvb5C0b1PJAZlw211YUxOM.html|title=Why India must protect the Western Ghats from getting lost|date=2 February 2014|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
Dr. V.S. Vijayan, member of the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) said recommendations of the Kasturirangan report are undemocratic and anti-environmental.<ref name="rediff.com"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Kasturirangan report is anti-environmental|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kasturirangan-report-is-antienvironmental/article5533619.ece|publisher=The Hindu Newspaper|access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref>

A crucial report on Western Ghats prepared by [[K. Kasturirangan]]-led high-level working group (HLWG) has recommended prohibition on development activities in 60,000 km2 ecologically sensitive area spread over Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

The 10-member panel, constituted to examine the Western Ghats ecology expert panel report prepared under the leadership of environmentalist Madhav Gadgil, has also moved away from the suggestions of the Gadgil panel.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

The Gadgil panel had recommended a blanket approach consisting of guidelines for sector-wise activities, which could be permitted in the ecologically sensitive zones.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

===Livelihood options===
"Environmentally sound development cannot preclude livelihood and economic options for this region... The answer (to the question of how to manage and conserve the Ghats) will not lie in removing these economic options, but in providing better incentives to move them towards greener and more sustainable practices," the HLWG report says.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

The panel submitted the report to Environment Minister Jayanthi Natarajan.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

===Prohibitory regime===
Roughly 37 per cent of the total area defined as the boundary of the Western Ghats is ecologically sensitive. Over this area of some 60,000 km2, spread over the States of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, the working group has recommended a prohibitory regime on those activities with maximum interventionist and destructive impact on the environment, the panel says in its report.

The Working Group was constituted to advise the government on the recommendations of an earlier report of ecologist Madhav Gadgil-led "Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel" (WGEEP).

The WGEEP had recommended 64% of Western Ghats to be declared as an ecologically sensitive area. It had suggested three levels of categorization where regulatory measures for protection would be imposed and had recommended the establishment of the Western Ghats Ecology Authority for management of the Ghats.

The 10-member Working Group, headed by [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] member Kasturirangan, has environmental experts and other professionals as its members.

"''The Western Ghats is a biological treasure trove that is endangered, and it needs to be protected and regenerated, indeed celebrated for its enormous wealth of endemic species and natural beauty''", the report says.

Natarajan said that the recommendations would be looked into urgently so that action can be taken to address these challenges.

Kasturirangan said, "''The message of this report is serious, alarming and urgent. It is imperative that we protect, manage and regenerate the lands now remaining in the Western Ghats as biologically rich, diverse, natural landscapes''".

== See also ==
* [[Brundtland Commission]]
* [[Sustainability]]
* [[Sustainable development]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web|url=https://ruralindiaonline.org/library/resource/report-of-the-western-ghats-ecology-expert-panel/|title=Report of the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel}} {{small|(7.7MB)}}

{{Indian commissions}}
{{Sustainability}}
{{Western Ghats||state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:Public inquiries in India]]
[[Category:Environmental research]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in India]]
[[Category:2011 in India]]

K. Vinod Chandran

2026-04-24T18:58:35Z

KateCurmi92: added first stub first draft

{{Short description|Judge of the Supreme Court of India}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Krishnan Vinod Chandran
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Mr. Justice
| image = [[File: Justice K. V. Chandran.jpg|alt|250px]]
| caption = Official Portrait 2025
| office = [[Judge]] of [[Supreme Court of India]]
| term_start = 16 January 2025
| term_end =
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator = [[Sanjiv Khanna]]
| office1 = [[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Patna High Court|44th Chief Justice]] of [[Patna High Court]]
| term_start1 = 29 March 2023
| term_end1 = 15 January 2025
| appointer1 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator1 = [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud]]
| predecessor1 = {{ubl|[[Sanjay Karol]]|[[Chakradhari Sharan Singh|C. S. SIngh]] {{small|(Acting)}}}}
| office2 = [[Judge]] of [[Kerala High Court]]
| term_start2 = 8 November 2011
| term_end2 = 28 March 2023
| appointer2 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| nominator2 = [[S. H. Kapadia]]
| predecessor2 =
| office4 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| office5 =
| term_start5 =
| term_end5 =
| office6 =
| term_start6 =
| term_end6 =
| office7 =
| term_start7 =
| term_end7 =
| office8 =
| term_start8 =
| term_end8 =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Kerala Law Academy]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1963|4|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[North Paravur]], [[Kerala]]
| father =
| mother =
| spouse =
| children =
| website = [https://www.sci.gov.in/judge/justice-k-vinod-chandran/ Supreme Court of India]
| signature =
| successor1 = {{ubl|[[Vipul Manubhai Pancholi]]|[[Ashutosh Kumar]] {{small|(Acting)}}}}
}}
'''Krishnan Vinod Chandran''' is a [[judge]] of the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref name="R1">{{cite web|url=https://hckerala.gov.in/judges.php|title=Official|via=Official website High Court of Kerala|work=hckerala.gov.in|date=|access-date=12 Nov 2021}}</ref><ref name="R2">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2011/nov/06/four-advocates-appointed-hc-judges-307323.html|title=Four advocates appointed HC Judges|via=New Indian Express News|work=newindianexpress.com|date=6 Nov 2011|access-date=12 Nov 2021}}</ref><ref name="R3">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/Four-Additional-Judges-appointed-to-Kerala-High-Court/article20358111.ece|title=Four Additional Judges appointed to Kerala High Court|via=The Hindu Business Line News|work=thehindubusinessline.com|date=8 Nov 2011|access-date=12 Nov 2021}}</ref><ref name="R4">{{cite web|url=https://www.babushahi.com/punjabi/archive-news.php?id=4136|title=4 Additional Judges Appointed to the Kerala High Court|via=Babushahi News|work=babushahi.com|date=8 Nov 2011|access-date=12 Nov 2021}}</ref> He previously served as the 44th [[Chief Justice]] of the [[Patna High Court]] and as a [[judge]] of [[Kerala High Court]].

==Career==
After graduating from the [[Union Christian College, Aluva]], Vinod Chandran was employed at the [[State Bank of Travancore]] in [[Kochi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Justice K Vinod Chandran takes oath as Supreme Court judge, to have a tenure of over 3 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/justice-k-vinod-chandran-supreme-court-judge-9781871/ |work=The Indian Express |date=16 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref> During his stint at the bank, he enrolled as a law student at the [[Kerala Law Academy|Kerala Law Academy Law College, Thiruvananthapuram]], and started his practice at Paravoor in the year 1991 and later extended to the High Court of Kerala. During his practice he served as Special Government Pleader (Taxes) of the Government of Kerala from 2007 to 2011.

Vinod Chandran was elevated as an Additional [[Judge]] of the [[Kerala High Court]] on 8 November 2011 and was made permanent on 24 June 2013.<ref name="R2"/><ref name="R3"/> He was appointed as [[Chief Justice]] of [[Patna High Court]] on 29 March 2023. He also served as the chancellor of the [[Chanakya National Law University]] ex officio in such capacity. On 1 August 2023, [[Patna High Court]]'s division bench, comprising Chief Justice K. Vinod Chandran and Justice Partha Sarathy, gave judgement that holding a [[Bihar caste-based survey 2023|caste survey in Bihar]] is valid and legal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/patna-high-court-holds-caste-survey-in-bihar-as-valid-and-legal-dismisses-all-petitions-challenging-survey/articleshow/102305338.cms|title=Patna high court holds caste survey in Bihar as valid and legal, dismisses all petitions challenging survey}}</ref> The division bench passed the order in its 101-page verdict <ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/1053861/why-the-patna-high-court-upheld-bihars-caste-survey|title=Why the Patna High Court upheld Bihar's caste survey}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://images.assettype.com/barandbench/2023-08/15ace660-13fc-46e6-b819-4b5cb2e085c2/Youth_for_Equality___Ors_v_State_of_Bihar___Ors.pdf|title=IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/high-courts-green-signal-to-bihar-caste-survey-challenged-in-supreme-court-4265860|title=High Court's Green Signal To Bihar Caste Survey Challenged In Supreme Court}}</ref> while dismissing all petitions challenging the survey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/hc-upholds-bihar-caste-survey-101690904344728.html|title=HC upholds Bihar caste survey}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/patna-hc-upholds-bihar-caste-based-survey-8873561/|title=Patna HC upholds Bihar caste-based survey: Why it was challenged, what the court said}}</ref>

On 16 January 2025, he took oath as a [[Judge]] of the [[Supreme Court of India]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://highcourtofkerala.nic.in High Court of Kerala]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vinod Chandran, K.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Judges of the Kerala High Court]]
[[Category:People from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]

Radhika Veena Sadhika

2026-04-23T15:28:02Z

KateCurmi92: Creating First Post W/ Infobox

{{short description|Indian vichitra veena artist}}
{{Indian name|Radhika|Umdekar}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Radhika Veena Sadhika
| image = Dr.Radhika Veena Sadhika.jpg
| caption =
| image_upright =
| birth_name = Radhika Umdekar Budhkar
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1982}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sangeet Sat Nov 6 with Sangeet Team on WPRB Princeton 103.3 FM |url=https://spinitron.com/WPRB/pl/14495348/Sangeet |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=spinitron.com |language=en}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Gwalior]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Vichitra Veena and Sitar Player
| parents = Shriram Umdekar and Smruti Umdekar
| spouse =
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| background = instrumental
| genre = Indian classical music
| instrument = [[Vichitra veena]]
| label =
}}
| website = www.veenavenuartfoundation.com
| years_active =
| awards =
}}
'''Radhika Umdekar Budhkar''' also known as '''Radhika Veena Sadhika''' is a [[vichitra veena]] player and [[veena]] teacher from [[Madhya Pradesh]], India. She is the world's first woman vichitra veena player.

==Biography==
Sadhika comes from a family ofmusicians who migrated to [[Gwalior]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]] several generations ago.<ref>{{Cite web |title=One of a kind |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-one-of-a-kind-1286188 |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> Her grandfather Balabhau Umdekar was a trained vocalist in [[Gwalior Gharana]].<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |last=Kusnur |first=Narendra |date=2018-04-05 |title=Of sur and tone |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/of-sur-and-tone/article23445865.ece |access-date=2022-06-11 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He was also the court musician of [[Scindia]]s, the rulers of the then [[Gwalior State|princely state of Gwalior]].<ref name="firstpost">{{Cite web |date=2018-04-07 |title=How the world's first female vichitra veena player found the instrument that spoke to her soul |url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/how-the-worlds-first-female-vichitra-veena-player-found-the-instrument-that-spoke-to-her-soul-4415887.html |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> Similarly, her father Shriram Umdekar who is a [[sitar]] and [[rudra veena]] player, used to play and teach sitar, [[surbahar]] and rudra veena.<ref name="hindu"/><ref name="firstpost"/> Radhika started learning music from her father.<ref name="hindu"/> Her first vocal performance was as a child.<ref name="hindu"/> She first studied classical vocal and sitar.<ref name="hindu"/> By the time she was 12, she began to be known as a sitar player, earning a double MA and several gold medals.<ref name="firstpost"/> After much research, she and her father got to know about the Vichitra Veena{{clarification|date=December 2025}} and she began to play the instrument.<ref name="hindu"/> Because of the size and weight of the Veena many did not learn how to play the instrument. Later, she trained under [[mohan veena]] maestro [[Vishwa Mohan Bhatt]].<ref name="hindu"/> Currently she resides in Navi Mumbai, where she runs her Institute Veena Venu Art Foundation.<ref name="times"/>

==Musical career==
Sadhika started her music education by studying classical vocals and sitar and later started focusing on vichitra veena in her early teens.<ref name="hindu"/> She is recognized as the world's first woman vichitra veena player.<ref name="firstpost"/> She performed at the ''Saaz-e-Bahar at NCPA'', an annual instrumental music festival organized by the [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)|National Center for the Performing Arts]] (NCPA).<ref name="hindu"/> She introduced a lighter and improvised version of the instrument.<ref name="times">{{Cite web |last=Basu |first=Indrani |title=Navi Mumbai musician creates lighter Vichitra Veena {{!}} Navi Mumbai News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/navi-mumbai/navi-mumbai-musician-creates-lighter-vichitra-veena/articleshow/43021162.cms |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> While the traditional vichitra veena is 5 feet long and weighs 5 kg, Radhika's version is only 48 inches long and weighs 2 kg.<ref name="times"/>

Sadhika has won several fellowships and scholarships and has performed at many music festivals in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vandana |first=Shukla |title=Of a vichitra girl and her veena {{!}} undefined News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/of-a-vichitra-girl-and-her-veena/articleshow/27594661.cms |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Besides performances, she also teach veena at the Veena Venu Art Foundation at [[Navi Mumbai]].<ref name="hindu"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Radhika|Veena Sadhika}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Vichitra veena players]]
[[Category:Indian percussionists]]
[[Category:Indian women classical musicians]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women musicians]]

Y. S. Patil

2026-04-23T01:00:42Z

KateCurmi92: done!

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| term1 = 1 July 1966 – 30 June 1978
| children = 2 sons
| constituency = Mysore Central Graduates constituency
| successor =
| predecessor =
| 1namedata =
| 1blankname =
| term = 1 July 1978 – 30 June 1984
| office = Member of Karnataka Legislative Council
| constituency1 = Mysore Central Graduates constituency
| 1namedata1 =
| 1blankname1 =
| office1 = Member of [[Mysore Legislative Council]]
| spouse = Ambika
| caption =
| death_place = [[Dharwad]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2010|11|25|1927|7|6}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1927|7|6}}
| image =
| birth_place = [[Hombal]], [[Gadag district]], [[Karnataka]]
| other_party = *[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] (1954–1977)
*[[Janata Party]] (1977–1980)
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (1980–2010)
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts]], [[Bachelor of Law]]
| father = Shankaragouda Patil
| website =
}}

'''Yallappagouda Shankargouda Patil''' (6 July 1927 – 25 November 2010) commonly known as '''Y. S. Patil''' was an Indian Politician and social activist.

<ref name="indiatimes">{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Nov 25, 2010|title=Ex-MLC Y S Patil is dead {{!}} Hubballi News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/ex-mlc-y-s-patil-is-dead/articleshow/6990729.cms|access-date=2022-02-11|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Born in [[Hombal]], [[Gadag district]], Patil often participated in social, cultural activities. He presided Jagadguru Shankaracharya Sanskrit Pathashala and was also a member of Karnatak University Senate which shows that he often got involved in educational management and religious organizations. He also served as president and was a life member of the Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha. He was known for his flamboyance. Patil was also a popular writer, contributing numerous articles to newspapers.<ref name="indiatimes"/><ref name="nic">{{cite web|url=https://www.kla.kar.nic.in/council/members/EXMEMBERS/PatilYS.htm|website=kla.kar.nic.in|title=Patil Y. S.|access-date=2022-02-11}}</ref>

== Political life ==
He joined [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] in 1942 and was also affiliated with [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] since 1954. He was a member of [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] from 1955 till its merger to [[Janata Party]] in 1977. He was elected to [[Mysore Legislative Council]] three times (twice as a [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] candidate and once from [[Janata Party]] representing Graduates' Constituency). He was detained under M.I.S.A. as a Political prisoner in Central Prisons, Karnataka for 13 months during [[The Emergency (India)|Jaya Prakash movement]] during 1975–76.<ref name="indiatimes"/><ref name="nic"/>

== Death ==
He died on 25 November 2010 in a hospital in [[Dharwad]] after a brief illness.<ref name="indiatimes"/><ref name="nic"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}
{{Members of Karnataka Legislative Council}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, Y. S.}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians]]
[[Category:People from Gadag district]]
[[Category:Members of the Karnataka Legislative Council]]

Purqazi Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:33:13Z

KateCurmi92: Creating Some Details Initial Version

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Purqazi
| map_image = 13-Purqazi.svg
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Muzaffarnagar]]
| reservation = SC
|constituency_no=13
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Bijnor Lok Sabha constituency|Bijnor]]
| party = {{Party index link|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| mla = [[Anil Kumar]]
| incumbent_image =
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| electors = 3,29,110
}}
'''Purqazi Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], India. It is a part of the [[Muzaffarnagar district]] and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Bijnor Lok Sabha constituency]]. The first election in this assembly constituency was held in 2012 after the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed and the constituency came into existence in 2008.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 19 July 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=19 July 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Purqazi Assembly constituency is KCs Muzaffarnagar, Sherpur, Chhapar, [[Bagowali]], Sisona, Badhedi, Bijopra, Khudda, Khampur, Barla & Purqazi Nagar Panchayat of Muzaffarnagar Tehsil.<ref name=" Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 "/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Election
! Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| colspan="4"|{{center|''Till 2012 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| [[Anil Kumar (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Anil Kumar]]<ref name=election2012/>
| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Pramod Utwal]]<ref name=election2017/>
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Anil Kumar (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Anil Kumar]]<ref name=election2022/>
| {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Purqazi<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = '''[[Anil Kumar (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Anil Kumar]]'''
|votes = {{formatnum:92672}}
|percentage = 43.09
|change = {{increase}}39.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pramod Utwal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:86140}}
|percentage = 40.05
|change = {{increase}}2.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Surendra Pal Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:27778}}
|percentage = 12.91
|change = {{decrease}}9.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|candidate = Uma Kiran
|votes = {{formatnum:2321}}
|percentage = 1.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:921}}
|percentage = 0.43
|change = {{decrease}}0.13
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:6532}}
|percentage = 3.04
|change = {{decrease}}2.47
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:215085}}
|percentage = 65.35
|change = {{increase}}0.27
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Purqazi<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = '''[[Pramod Utwal]]'''
|votes = {{formatnum:77491}}
|percentage = 37.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Deepak Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:66238}}
|percentage = 32.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Anil Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:46401}}
|percentage = 22.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Choti Begam
|votes = {{formatnum:8227}}
|percentage = 4.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Uma Kiran
|votes = {{formatnum:2570}}
|percentage = 1.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1139}}
|percentage = 0.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:11253}}
|percentage = 5.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:204319}}
|percentage = 65.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Purqazi<ref name="election2012">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = '''[[Anil Kumar]]'''
|votes = '''53,491'''
|percentage = '''31.94'''
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Deepak Kumar
|votes = 44,583
|percentage = 26.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Uma Kiran
|votes = 40,578
|percentage = 24.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Prachi Arya
|votes = 22,987
|percentage = 13.73
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority
|votes = 8908
|percentage = 5.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,67,467
|percentage = 59.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Bijnor Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[List of constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Muzaffarnagar district]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Muzaffarnagar district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

J. C. Prabhakar Reddy

2026-04-19T16:40:14Z

KateCurmi92: added the pg v1

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder

|
| name = J. C. Prabhakar Reddy
| image =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)| Member]] of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly| Legislative Assembly Andhra Pradesh]]
| predecessor = [[J. C. Diwakar Reddy]]
| successor = [[Kethireddy Pedda Reddy]]
| term_start = 16 May 2014
| term_end = 23 May 2019
| constituency = [[Tadpatri Assembly constituency|Tadipatri]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|5|25|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Tadipatri]], [[Anantapur district]], Andhra Pradesh
| occupation = Politician
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| spouse = Smt J. C. Uma Reddy
| father = J. C. Nagi Reddy
| mother = J. C. Naga Lakshmamma
| children = [[J. C. Ashmit Reddy]]
| relatives = [[J. C. Diwakar Reddy]] (Brother)
}}

'''Juturu Chinnareddy Prabhakar Reddy''' is an Indian politician belonging to [[Telugu Desam Party]] and current chairperson of Tadipatri municipality in [[Anantapur district]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Prabhakar Reddy elected Tadipatri Municipal Chairman |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/prabhakar-reddy-elected-tadipatri-municipal-chairman/article34100606.ece}}</ref> He served as a member of [[14th Andhra Pradesh Assembly]] representing [[Tadpatri Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ విజేతలు |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/elections-2014/winners-in-andhra-pradesh-131007}}</ref>

== Family ==
He is the younger brother of [[J. C. Diwakar Reddy]].<ref name=:0>{{Cite news |title=About Tadipatri Municipality |url=https://cdma.ap.gov.in/en/about-tadipatri-municipality}}</ref> His son [[J.C.Ashmit Reddy]] is the member of [[16th Andhra Pradesh Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite news |title= Tadipatri Constituency Election Results 2024: Tadipatri Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/tadipatri}}</ref>

== Politics ==
He was elected as chairperson of the Municipal Council Tadipatri for the first time in 1987. Again he was elected as chairperson of the Tadipatri Municipal Council in the year March 2000. From October 2005 onwards he served as vice-chairperson of the Municipal Council Tadipatri up to October 2010.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, J.C.Prabhakar}}
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Anantapur district]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Ratul Puri

2026-04-19T13:29:02Z

KateCurmi92: Creating First Details First Draft

{{Short description|Indian businessman (born 1972)}}
{{COI|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ratul Puri
| image = Ratul Puri 2022.png
| caption = Puri in 2022
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|06|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[India]]
| occupation = [[Businessman]]
| known_for = [[Chairman]] of [[Hindustan Powerprojects]]
| spouse = Kavita
| children = 3
| father = [[Deepak Puri]]
| mother = Nita Puri
| website = {{URL|https://ratulpuri.in/}}
}}

'''Ratul Puri''' (born 19 July 1972) is an Indian [[businessman]] who is the chairman of the Board of [[Hindustan Powerprojects]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-conclave-ratul-puri-power-generation-business/1/204524.html |title=In Search of Light |publisher= Business Today |date= 2014-04-13 |access-date=2014-03-10}}</ref><ref name="about">{{cite web |title=Ratul Puri, Moser Baer Projects Pvt Ltd: Profile and Biography - Bloomberg Markets |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/4711220 |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=bloomberg}}</ref> He was previously a senior manager in his fathers company [[Moser Baer]].<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/delhi-hc-allows-moser-baer-scam-accused-deepak-puri-wife-to-travel-abroad-101627887625545.html</ref>

In 2002, Puri was awarded the [[Ernst & Young]] "Entrepreneur of the Year" award for his contribution towards manufacturing industry in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ey.com/IN/en/About-us/Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneur-Of-The-Year/Entrepreneur_of_the_Year_Award-Hall_of_Fame |title=Hall of Fame, Past Winners |publisher=ey.com |access-date=2014-03-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927002439/http://www.ey.com/IN/en/About-us/Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneur-Of-The-Year/Entrepreneur_of_the_Year_Award-Hall_of_Fame |archive-date=2014-09-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ey.mobi/IN/en/About-us/Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneur-Of-The-Year/Entrepreneur_Of_The_Year_Winner2002 |title=EOY - 2002 Winners - EY - India |publisher=Ey.mobi |access-date=2014-03-10}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Ratul was born in India in 1972. He became an alumnus of [[Carnegie Mellon University]], the Pittsburgh-based university with a [[bachelor's degree]] in [[computer engineering]], [[mathematics]], and [[computer science]].<ref name=busweek>{{cite web|author=Ratul Puri |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=8077461&ticker=686523 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140220112330/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=8077461&ticker=686523 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 February 2014 |title=Ratul Puri: Executive Profile & Biography |publisher=[[Businessweek]] |access-date=2014-03-10}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 2008, Ratul started the business of power generation with [[Hindustan Powerprojects]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustanpowerprojects.com/about-us/board-of-directors/ratul-puri/ |title=Ratul Puri - Chairman Hindustan Powerprojects - Board of Director |website=www.hindustanpowerprojects.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513201150/http://www.hindustanpowerprojects.com/about-us/board-of-directors/ratul-puri/ |archive-date=2014-05-13}}</ref> Puri is the nephew of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] party politician and former [[Madhya Pradesh]] Chief Minister [[Kamal Nath]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vvip-chopper-scam-kamal-nath-rajiv-saxena-enforcement-directorate-agustawestland-congress-7055217/|title=Agusta Westland deal: Key accused details how kickbacks were paid, links to Kamal Nath's nephew, son|date=18 November 2020}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
Ratul is part of a number think tanks that are evolving solutions to usher energy sufficiency in India and was part of the [[World Economic Forum]] as one of the Young Global leaders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/report/wef/20080311.htm |title=17 Indians in WEF's Global Young Leaders list |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=2008-03-11 |access-date=2014-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/17-Indians-make-it-to-WEFs-young-leaders-list/articleshow/2859582.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140221084514/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-13/india-business/27770499_1_wef-list-founder |url-status=live |archive-date=2014-02-21 |title=17 Indians make it to WEF's young leaders' list |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2014-03-10}}</ref> In 2007, ''[[Business Today (business magazine)|Business Today]]'' rated him among the "Top 21 Young Leaders" in the country who could shape India's destiny in the 21st century. ''[[Dataquest]]'' magazine has named him amongst the "Young Brigade in the IT Industry".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dqindia.com/dataquest/news/142153/its-young-turks |title=ITs Young Turks |publisher= Dataquest |date= 2008-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517151508/http://www.dqindia.com/dataquest/news/142153/its-young-turks|archive-date=2014-05-17|url-status=dead|access-date=2016-03-18}}</ref>

He was declared CMO Asia CEO of the Year award. In 2014, Puri was recognized as the ‘CEO of the year’ by World Brand Congress and acknowledged for his contribution to the infrastructure sector by ET Infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pressreleasewatch.blogspot.in/2014/08/ratul-puri-chairman-hindustan-power.html |title=Ratul Puri chairman Hindustan Power gets CMO Asia Awards |publisher= Press Release Watch |date= 2014-08-07 |access-date=2014-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newswala.com/Business-News/Hindustan-Power-chairman-Ratul-Puri-wins-CMO-Asia-CEO-of-the-Year-award-74581.html |title=Hindustan Power chairman Ratul Puri wins CMO Asia CEO of the Year award |publisher=Newswala.com |date=2014-08-07 |access-date=2014-08-07 |archive-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808093957/http://www.newswala.com/Business-News/Hindustan-Power-chairman-Ratul-Puri-wins-CMO-Asia-CEO-of-the-Year-award-74581.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiaeducationdiary.in/Shownews.asp?newsid=31501 |title=ET Edge hosts the Second edition of The ET Edge Infra Focus Summit 2014 |publisher=India Education Diary |date=2014-10-09 |access-date=2014-10-09 |archive-date=21 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021113855/http://indiaeducationdiary.in/Shownews.asp?newsid=31501 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Investigation ==
In November 2019, the Indian Enforcement Directorate filed a charge sheet against Puri and his company [[Moser Baer]] for money laundering and bank fraud in the Agusta Westland chopper scam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Shaswati |last2=Sharma |first2=Prathma |date=2019-11-02 |title=AgustaWestland case: ED files chargesheet against Ratul Puri |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/agustawestland-case-ed-files-chargesheet-against-ratul-puri-11572703535124.html |access-date=2019-11-04 |website=Mint |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/guest-writer/exempt-power-producers-from-payment-of-mat/articleshow/37951072.cms?adcode=206 Exempt power producers from payment of MAT], ""Economic Times""{{spaced ndash}} 7 July 2014
*{{Official website|https://www.ratulpuriinfo.com}}
*[[:hi:रतुल पुरी|Ratul Puri Wikipedia page in Hindi]]
*[[:pa:ਰਤੁਲ ਪੁਰੀ|Ratul Puri Wikipedia page in Punjabi]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Puri, Ratul}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian business executives]]
[[Category:1972 births]]

Cyclone Remal

2026-04-17T05:56:21Z

KateCurmi92:

{{Short description|North Indian Ocean cyclone in 2024}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox weather event
| name = Severe Cyclonic Storm Remal
| image = Remal 2024-05-26 0740Z.jpg
| caption = Remal before its landfall on 26 May
| formed = 24 May 2024
| dissipated = 28 May 2024
}}{{Infobox weather event/IMD
| winds = 60
| pressure = 978
| gusts = 75
}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC
| winds = 60
| pressure = 977
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 2024
| damages = 637000000
| fatalities = 61+
| missing = 8+
| injuries = 137+
| affected = [[West Bengal]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Northeast India]], [[Myanmar]]
| ibtracs = 2024147N19089
}}
{{Infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
}}
'''Severe Cyclonic Storm Remal'''{{efn|The name ''Remal'' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: رمال, [[Help:IPA/Arabic|[rimaːl]]]) was contributed by [[Oman]] and means "grains of sand" in [[Arabic language|Arabic]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-24 |title=How Cyclone 'Remal' got its name and what it means |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-cyclone-remal-got-its-name-and-what-it-means-101716546652316.html |access-date=2024-05-25 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528064705/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-cyclone-remal-got-its-name-and-what-it-means-101716546652316.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-25 |title=Cyclone Remal to hit Bengal: How and why are cyclones named? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/cyclone-remal-bengal-naming-9351508/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |work=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527132703/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/cyclone-remal-bengal-naming-9351508/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} was a [[tropical cyclone]] that affected [[West Bengal]] and [[Bangladesh]] in late May 2024. The was the first depression and the first [[North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone|cyclonic storm]] of the [[2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]], it originated from a low-pressure area in the [[Bay of Bengal]] and became a cyclonic storm on 25 May. Moving northwards, it intensified into a severe cyclonic storm and reached its peak intensity on 26 May, beginning its landfall process over Bangladesh. It continued moving inland on 27 May losing its convection while northeast of [[Dhaka]]. Its center became ragged as it weakened into a depression. On 28 May, it degenerated into a low-pressure area over [[Meghalaya]].

In preparation of the cyclone, multiple airports and ports were closed and their operation temporarily suspended across India and Bangladesh. 800,000 residents in Bangladesh and 110,000 residents in West Bengal, residing primarily in coastal areas, were evacuated further inland, and 4,000 storm shelters were readied in Bangladesh. In India, 12 [[National Disaster Response Force]] teams were deployed.

Remal affected 3.75 million people in Bangladesh and caused damage to over 150,000 houses. 1,200 electricity poles were uprooted and 20,000,000 trees were destroyed in the forests of two coastal districts. At least ten deaths occurred in the country. In India, 34 deaths occurred in [[Mizoram]], three in [[Assam]], one in Meghalaya, and 13 in [[Telangana]]. Heavy rainfall flooded parts of [[Kolkata]], [[Silchar]], and the state of [[Manipur]]. Thousands of homes in West Bengal suffered damage and low-lying areas were inundated.

==Meteorological history==
{{storm path|Remal 2024 path.png|colors=new}}
On 22 May, a low-pressure area formed in the [[Bay of Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=RSMC Bulletin based on 03:00:00 UTC of 22-05-2024|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_c8453e_TROPICAL%20WEATHER%20OUTLOOK%20based%20on%200300%20UTC%20of%2022.05.2024.pdf|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|date=22 May 2024|access-date=28 December 2025}}</ref> This disturbance moved northeastwards and strengthened into a tropical depression on 24 May.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RSMC Bulletin based on 00:00:00 UTC of 24-05-2024|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_268dfb_1.%20SPECIAL%20TROPICAL%20WEATHER%20OUTLOOK%20based%20on%200000%20UTC%20of%2024.05.2024.pdf|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|date=24 May 2024|access-date=28 December 2025}}</ref> The depression intensified into a deep depression and then a cyclonic storm with a minimum central pressure of {{convert|986|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}} on 25 May, receiving the name ''Remal''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RSMC Bulletin based on 00:00:00 UTC of 25-05-2024|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_c66f42_6.%20SPECIAL%20TROPICAL%20WEATHER%20OUTLOOK%20based%20on%200000%20UTC%20of%2025.05.2024.pdf|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|date=25 May 2024|access-date=28 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=RSMC Bulletin based on 1200 UTC of 25-05-2024|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_6baa5d_Tropical%20Cyclone%20Advisory%20No.%201%20based%20on%201200%20UTC%20of%20%2025May2024.pdf|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|date=25 May 2024|access-date=28 December 2025}}</ref> The [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) also designated the system as tropical cyclone ''01B'' on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR TROPICAL CYCLONE 01B (ONE) WARNING NR 001|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2024-05-25-1500-io0124prog.txt|publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]]|date=25 May 2024|access-date=1 January 2026}}</ref> Remal moved north and intensified into a severe cyclonic storm early on 26 May.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RSMC Bulletin based on 00:00:00 UTC of 26-05-2024|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_e352a0_Tropical%20Cyclone%20Advisory%20No.%205%20based%20on%200000%20UTC%20of%20%2026May2024.pdf|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|date=26 May 2024|access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref> Continuing its intensification over the northern Bay of Bengal, Remal approached the coast of [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=RSMC Bulletin based on 09:00:00 UTC of 26-05-2024|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_899bc9_Tropical%20Cyclone%20Advisory%20No.%208%20based%20on%200900%20UTC%20of%20%2026May2024.pdf|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|date=26 May 2024|access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref> The cyclone reached its peak intensity on the afternoon of 26 May with a minimum central pressure of {{convert|978|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}} as it began making landfall on Bangladesh<ref>{{Cite web|title=RSMC Bulletin based on 15:00:00 UTC of 26-05-2024|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_f46a2b_Tropical%20Cyclone%20Advisory%20No.%2010%20based%20on%201500%20UTC%20of%20%2026May2024.pdf|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|date=26 May 2024|access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref> and was located {{convert|70|km|mi|abbr=on}} south-southwest of [[Mongla Upazila]] later that day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RSMC Bulletin based on 20:30:00 UTC of 26-05-2024|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_6b523a_Tropical%20Cyclone%20Advisory%20No.%2012%20based%20on%202100%20UTC%20of%20%2026May2024.pdf|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|date=26 May 2024|access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref>

On 27 May, Remal continued moving northwards inland and weakened into a cyclonic storm with its center still being located over water.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RSMC Bulletin based on 00:00:00 UTC of 27-05-2024|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_857236_Tropical%20Cyclone%20Advisory%20No.%2013%20based%20on%200000%20UTC%20of%20%2027May2024.pdf|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|date=27 May 2024|access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref> Later that day, the cyclone further weakened into a deep depression. Its convection became increasingly disorganized as it moved east-northeastwards, being located {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of [[Dhaka]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=RSMC Bulletin based on 18:00:00 UTC of 27-05-2024|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_755370_9.%20SPECIAL%20TROPICAL%20WEATHER%20OUTLOOK%20based%20on%201800%20UTC%20of%2027.05.2024.pdf|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|date=27 May 2024|access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref> On the morning of 28 May, it became a depression over eastern Bangladesh, with its center not being clearly visible.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RSMC Bulletin based on 00:00:00 UTC of 28-05-2024|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_72341b_10.%20SPECIAL%20TROPICAL%20WEATHER%20OUTLOOK%20based%20on%200000%20UTC%20of%2028.05.2024.pdf|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|date=28 May 2024|access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref> The [[India Meteorological Department]] issued its final bulletin on the system as it degenerated into a low-pressure area later that day over [[Meghalaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=RSMC Bulletin based on 12:00:00 UTC of 28-05-2024|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_0ecc73_13.%20SPECIAL%20TROPICAL%20WEATHER%20OUTLOOK%20based%20on%201200%20UTC%20of%2028.05.2024.pdf|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|date=28 May 2024|access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref>
== Preparations ==
=== Bangladesh ===
The [[Shah Amanat International Airport]] was shut down, and operations at the [[Port of Chittagong]] were suspended. The [[Chittagong International Airport]] was also closed for eight hours.<ref name="TPh">{{Cite news|work=[[ThePrint]]|title=B’desh launches massive evacuation as cyclone Remal approaches from Bay of Bengal|url=https://theprint.in/world/bdesh-launches-massive-evacuation-as-cyclone-remal-approaches-from-bay-of-bengal/2102461/|date=26 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2026|publication-place=[[Dhaka]]}}</ref><ref name="APp">{{Cite news|work=[[Associated Press]]|title=A tropical storm floods villages and cuts power to millions in parts of Bangladesh and India|last=Alam|first=Julhas|publication-place=[[Dhaka]]|date=27 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2026|url=https://apnews.com/article/cyclone-remal-bangladesh-india-climate-9d258d86f7745951112e82de2a532a5c}}</ref> 800,000 residents in the country, mainly living in coastal areas, evacuated to storm shelters further upcountry.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|title=Cyclone Remal: Bangladesh evacuates 8 lakh people, sends them to concrete shelters|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/cyclone-remal-bangladesh-evacuates-8-lakh-people-sends-them-to-concrete-shelters-101716726935218.html|date=26 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref> Power was intentionally cut for almost three million citizens to avoid accidents involving power lines.<ref name="BBCp">{{Cite news|work=[[BBC News]]|title=At least 16 dead as cyclone hits Bangladesh and India|last=Khalil|first=Hafsa|date=27 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2026|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckvv8q10vxvo}}</ref> 78,000 volunteers from the [[Cyclone Preparedness Programme]] were on standby to help with the cyclone. 4,000 cyclone shelters were readied, with 8,600 [[Bangladesh Red Crescent Society]] volunteers helping to bring vulnerable citizens to the shelters.<ref name="TPh" />
=== India ===
The IMD issued a red alert for [[North 24 Parganas district|North]] and [[South 24 Parganas|South 24 Parganas district]], indicating strong winds and heavy rainfall. Other districts, like the [[Kolkata district]], were placed under an orange alert. 12 [[National Disaster Response Force]] (NDRF) teams were also deployed.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[The Indian Express]]|title=Cyclone Remal: Landfall timing, states on alert, preparedness, here’s everything you need to know|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cyclone-remal-all-you-need-to-know-9350174/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240911081455/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cyclone-remal-all-you-need-to-know-9350174/|archive-date=11 September 2024|access-date=4 January 2026|date=25 May 2024|publication-place=[[Pune]]}}</ref> A red alert was also sent out in seven districts in [[Assam]] late on 26 May.<ref name="THp">{{Cite news|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Cyclone Remal Highlights <nowiki>|</nowiki> As Remal makes landfall, West Bengal administration evacuates people from low-lying and coastal areas|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cyclone-remal-live-updates-on-may-26-2024/article68217518.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721121428/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cyclone-remal-live-updates-on-may-26-2024/article68217518.ece|archive-date=21 July 2024|access-date=4 January 2026|date=27 May 2024}}</ref> The [[Kolkata International Airport]] was shut down on 25 May, reopening on the 27th. Over 50 flights from the airport were suspended.<ref name="APp" /><ref name="BBCp" /> According to local authorities, 110,000 West Bengal residents were evacuated.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[The Economic Times]]|title=Cyclone 'Remal' makes landfall in Bangladesh. Here's everything you need to know|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/cyclone-remal-makes-landfall-in-bangladesh-heres-everything-you-need-to-know/articleshow/110443323.cms?from=mdr|date=27 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref>
== Impacts ==
=== Bangladesh ===
In Bangladesh, Remal affected 3.75 million people across 19 districts and caused damage to over 150,000 homes. Of those, 35,000 were completely destroyed. 1,200 electricity poles were also uprooted, and the lack of open stores caused food shortages.<ref name="BBCp" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=Cyclone Remal: 37.58 lakh affected, 35,483 houses destroyed |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/cyclone-remal-3758-lakh-affected-35483-houses-destroyed-861706 |access-date=2024-05-27 |work=The Business Standard |date=27 May 2024 |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527143441/https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/cyclone-remal-3758-lakh-affected-35483-houses-destroyed-861706 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=bdnews24.com|title=35,000 houses destroyed by Cyclone Remal in 19 districts: state minister |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2829d3ee7d5e |access-date=4 January 2026 |language=en |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528064711/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2829d3ee7d5e|url-status=live }}</ref> Power outages affected 20 million people and rainfall of up to {{convert|200|mm|in|abbr=on}} was recorded during the cyclone. Storm surge caused flooding in farms and introduced seawater into drinking water.<ref name="THi1">{{Cite news|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Cyclone Remal hits Bangladesh and India, leaving destruction and death|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/deadly-bangladesh-cyclone-one-of-longest-seen/article68225430.ece|date=29 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2026|publication-place=[[Patuakhali]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103021035/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/deadly-bangladesh-cyclone-one-of-longest-seen/article68225430.ece|archive-date=3 January 2025}}</ref> A combined total of around 20,000,000 trees and plants were destroyed in the forests of [[Patuakhali District|Patuakhuli]] and [[Barguna District|Barguna]] districts.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[Daily Star (Bangladesh)]]|title=Cyclone Remal: 2cr trees on Patuakhali, Barguna forest land destroyed|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/cyclone-remal-2cr-trees-patuakhali-barguna-forest-land-destroyed-3624106|date=1 June 2024|access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref> Heavy rainfall caused waterlogging in Dhaka, with {{convert|116|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain falling in a nine-hour time period.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cyclone Remal-induced rainfall causes waterlogging in Dhaka|url=https://www.newagebd.net/post/country/236203/cyclone-remal-induced-rainfall-causes-waterlogging-in-dhaka|website=[[New Age (Bangladesh)]]|date=27 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref> Remal caused approximately [[Bangladeshi taka|Tk]]7,482 crore (US$637 million) in damages in the country and killed at least 10.<ref name="Dmg">{{Cite news |date=23 June 2024 |title=20 dead, Tk7,482 crore loss incurred due to Cyclone Remal: State minister tells JS |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/20-dead-tk7482-crore-loss-incurred-due-cyclone-remal-state-minister-tells-js-882701 |access-date=4 January 2026 |work=The Business Standard }}</ref><ref name="APp" />

===India===
==== West Bengal ====
At least 356 electricity poles were uprooted, causing damage to the electrical framework.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|title=Cyclone Remal causes death and damage in Bangladesh, India|url=https://www.dw.com/en/cyclone-remal-causes-death-and-damage-in-bangladesh-india/a-69189078|date=27 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref> 29,500 homes suffered damage, with 2,500 of them being completely destroyed.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|title=Cyclone Remal Highlights: 6 killed, 29,000 houses damaged in Bengal's coastal areas|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cyclone-remal-live-updates-tracker-path-imd-west-bengal-weather-report-rainfall-assam-tripura-strong-winds-11716635022115.html|date=27 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> In [[Kolkata]], {{convert|260|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain fell in 24 hours, uprooting over 400 trees, causing power outages, and flooding streets.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[The Telegraph (India)]]|title=It came, rampaged, and went: Remal claims seven lives in Bengal, swamps city, uproots over 400 trees|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/it-came-rampaged-and-went-remal-claims-7-lives-in-bengal-swamps-city-uproots-over-400-trees/cid/2022885|date=28 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2026|last=Mitra|first=Debraj}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=[[Reuters]]|title=Cyclone kills 16 in India, Bangladesh and cuts power to millions|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/millions-without-power-cyclone-remal-pounds-bangladesh-india-2024-05-27/|last=Ponir Hossain|first=Mohammad|last2=Paul|first2=Ruma|last3=Nag Choudhury|first3=Subrata|date=28 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2026|publication-place=[[Satkhira]]}}</ref> Homes with thatched roofs were damaged and low-lying areas were indundated across the state.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[NDTV]]|title=Pics: Cyclone Remal Leaves Trail Of Destruction In Bengal, 2 Dead In Bangladesh|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/cyclone-remal-pics-cyclone-remal-makes-landfall-ravages-coasts-of-bengal-bangladesh-5753360|last=Choudhury|first=Ratnadip|date=27 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref> Services at the [[Kolkata Metro]] were disrupted due to the inundation of [[Park Street metro station (Kolkata)|Park Street]] and [[Esplanade metro station|Esplanade]] metro stations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 May 2024 |title=Cyclone Remal Impact: Kolkata metro, train, flight services disrupted amid inclement weather in West Bengal – Check full list |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-cyclone-remal-impact-kolkata-metro-train-flight-services-disrupted-amid-inclement-weather-in-west-bengal-check-full-listnbsp-3502869/ |access-date=4 January 2026 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 May 2024 |title=Cyclone Remal: Three injured in Calcutta; Metro Rail services, traffic disrupted |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cyclone-remal-three-injured-in-kolkata-metro-rail-services-and-traffic-disrupted/cid/2022738 |access-date=4 January 2026|work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref>
==== Mizoram ====
Remal caused four landslides and the collapse of a stone quarry in [[Aizawl]]. 34 deaths occurred in the state and 54 houses in Aizawl were evacuated.<ref name="THi2">{{Cite news|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Cyclone Remal: 31 killed as rain, landslips wreak havoc in northeast|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cyclone-remal-triggers-landslides-and-storms-in-northeast-india/article68224721.ece|archive-date=1 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901172503/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cyclone-remal-triggers-landslides-and-storms-in-northeast-india/article68224721.ece|last=Karmakar|first=Rahul|date=28 May 2024|publication-place=[[Guwahati]]|access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Preliminary investigation on Cyclone Remal-induced landslides in Aizawl, Mizoram, Northeast India, on the 28th of May 2024|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10346-025-02477-z|journal=Landslides: Journal of the International Consortium on Landslides|volume=22|pages=1563-1575|last1=Sangi|first1=Lalhming|last2=Ralte|first2=Zosangliana|last3=Roluahpuia|first3=Benjamin|last4=Dinpuia|first4=Lai|last5=Lanunmawia|first5=Jimmy|last6=Lalruatpia|first6=Tlau|last7=Sailo|first7=Saitluanga|last8=Lawmkima|first8=H.|last9=Vanthangliana|first9=V.|last10=Lalremruatfela|first10=C.|last11=Tluangkima|first11=Malsawm|date=15 February 2025|access-date=4 January 2026|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Water and electricity in the state was stopped until further notice by their respective departments due to the cyclone causing damage to infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[DD News]]|title=Cyclone Remal claims 27 lives in Aizawl, Mizoram CM announces over Rs 15 crore as state relief fund|url=https://ddnews.gov.in/en/cyclone-remal-claims-27-lives-in-aizawl-mizoram-cm-announces-over-rs-15-crore-as-state-relief-fund/|date=29 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref> The Chief Minister of the state announced a payment of {{INRConvert|400000}} as [[ex gratia]] for the families of those who had died.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|title=Cyclone Remal: 27 dead in Mizoram, landslides in affected Northeastern states|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyclone-remal-27-dead-in-mizoram-landslides-in-affected-northeastern-states-101716907986633.html|date=28 May 2024|access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref> In June 2024, Mizoram requested {{INRConvert|2376000000}} from the central government as monetary assistance following the cyclone.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[The Indian Express]]|title=Mizoram seeks Rs 237.6 crore assistance from Centre to address damage caused by Cyclone Remal|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mizoram-cyclone-remal-damage-centre-assistance-9410224/|archive-date=26 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626133205/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mizoram-cyclone-remal-damage-centre-assistance-9410224/|date=23 June 2024|publication-place=[[Aizawl]]|access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref>
==== Elsewhere ====
In Assam, three deaths occurred. In [[Dhekiajuli]], a tree branch fell on a school bus and injured 12 students who were inside. Five other injuries also happened in the state.<ref name="THi2" /> More than 50 per cent of [[Silchar]] and its surrounding areas were flooded.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 May 2024 |title=32 killed in 4 NE states in landslides, storm, accidents related to Cyclone Remal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/22-killed-in-4-ne-states-in-landslides-storm-accidents-related-to-cyclone-remal-101716909003052.html |access-date=4 January 2026|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Roads were flooded across [[Manipur]] and a truck fell into a gorge in [[Kangpokpi district]] due to rainfall.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Incessant rainfall affects normal life in Manipur, several areas flooded|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manipur/incessant-rainfall-affects-normal-life-in-manipur-several-areas-flooded/article68224193.ece|archive-date=1 September 2024|date=28 May 2024|publication-place=[[Imphal]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901171936/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manipur/incessant-rainfall-affects-normal-life-in-manipur-several-areas-flooded/article68224193.ece|access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref> In [[Meghalaya]], one person was killed and seven others were injured by a landslide.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cyclone Remal devastates NE: 13 dead in Mizoram, 2 in Assam and Meghalaya, power cut, mobile, road, train and flight services disrupted|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/around-ne/cyclone-remal-devastates-ne-13-dead-in-mizoram-2-in-assam-and-meghalaya-power-cut-mobile-road-train-and-flight-services-disrupted/|work=northeastlivetv.com|date=28 May 2024|access-date=28 May 2024}}</ref> The cyclone also caused 13 deaths in [[Telangana]], including seven in [[Nagarkurnool district|Nagarkurnool]] and four in [[Hyderabad]]. Most of the deaths in the state were attributed to falling trees or collapsing structures.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Telangana: 13 People Killed In Storm And Heavy Rains Due To Cyclone Remal|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!bharat/telangana-several-people-killed-in-storm-and-heavy-rains-due-to-cyclone-remal-enn24052703418|access-date=28 May 2024|publisher=[[ETV Network]]|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Weather of 2024]]
* [[Tropical cyclones in 2024]]
* [[Cyclone Mora]]
* [[Cyclone Sitrang]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20240910063931/https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc24/IO/01B.REMAL/ 01B.REMAL] from the [[United States Naval Research Laboratory]]

{{2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season buttons}}
{{Portalbar|Tropical cyclones|India|Bangladesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Remal}}
[[Category:2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
[[Category:2024 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2024 disasters in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:May 2024 in India]]
[[Category:May 2024 in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:2024 in West Bengal]]

Varahur Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:31:06Z

KateCurmi92: stub!

{{Short description|Constituency in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| established = 1971
| district = [[Perambalur District|Perambalur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Perambalur Lok Sabha constituency|Perambalur]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party =
| mla =
| name = Varahur
| electors = 160,287
| reservation = SC
| abolished = 2008
}}

'''Varahur''', also spelled '''Varagur''', is a state assembly constituency in [[Perambalur district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date= 22 January 2017}}</ref> It is a Scheduled Caste reserved constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1967 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[R. Narayanan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[K. Palanivelan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[N. Perumal]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| N. Perumal
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| [[A. Arunachalam]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| K. Annadurai
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| [[E. T. Ponnuvelu]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[B. Duraisamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| A. Arunachalam
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[M. Chandrakasi]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|43.60}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|52.76}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.97}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|57.70}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|43.05}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.92}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.27}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|52.39}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|58.91}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.64}}
}}
===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Varahur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Chandrakasi]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=52,815 |percentage=43.60% |change=-9.17% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Gopala Krishnan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=50,272 |percentage=41.50% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ganapathi |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=10,303 |percentage=8.50% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Jeeva |party=Independent politician |votes=3,188 |percentage=2.63% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Sakthivel |party=Independent politician |votes=2,030 |percentage=1.68% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Chellasamy |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,098 |percentage=0.91% |change=-0.44% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Periasamy |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=824 |percentage=0.68% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Palanimuthu |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=618 |percentage=0.51% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,543 |percentage=2.10% |change=-9.91% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=121,148 |percentage=75.58% |change= 10.73% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,287 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -9.17% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Varahur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Arunachalam]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=61,064 |percentage=52.76% |change=20.40% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Thiruvalluvan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,160 |percentage=40.75% |change=-11.22% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Palanimuthu |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,278 |percentage=2.83% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kalyana Sundaram |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=2,667 |percentage=2.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Rajendiran |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,562 |percentage=1.35% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,904 |percentage=12.01% |change=-7.59% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=115,731 |percentage=64.85% |change= -4.93% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 178,455 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.80% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Varahur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[B. Duraisamy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=56,076 |percentage=51.97% |change=21.69% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Palanimuthu |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,925 |percentage=32.37% |change=-25.34% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Sivagnanamani |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=11,487 |percentage=10.65% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Gandhi |party=Independent politician |votes=2,408 |percentage=2.23% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Palanimuthu |party=Janata Dal |votes=2,015 |percentage=1.87% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kamaraj |party=Janata Party |votes=399 |percentage=0.37% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ganapathy |party=Independent politician |votes=209 |percentage=0.19% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Subramanian |party=Independent politician |votes=195 |percentage=0.18% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Ramalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=195 |percentage=0.18% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,151 |percentage=19.60% |change=-7.83% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=107,909 |percentage=69.78% |change= 1.46% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 164,523 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -5.74% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Varahur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=E. T. Ponnuvelu |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=59,384 |percentage=57.70% |change=23.36% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Thiyagarajan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=31,155 |percentage=30.27% |change=-12.78% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Perumal]] |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=11,870 |percentage=11.53% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Venuraju |party=Tharasu Makkal Mandram |votes=501 |percentage=0.49% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=28,229 |percentage=27.43% |change=18.72% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=102,910 |percentage=68.32% |change= 5.88% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 155,654 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 14.65% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Varahur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Annadurai]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,219 |percentage=43.05% |change=0.60% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. T. Ponnuvelu |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=28,895 |percentage=34.35% |change=-22.57% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Arunachalam]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,507 |percentage=10.11% |change=-46.81% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Seppan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,450 |percentage=10.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Thangavelu |party=Independent politician |votes=985 |percentage=1.17% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Palanimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=424 |percentage=0.50% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Panneerselvam |party=Independent politician |votes=362 |percentage=0.43% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Thangavelu |party=Independent politician |votes=284 |percentage=0.34% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,324 |percentage=8.71% |change=-5.76% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=84,126 |percentage=62.44% |change= -11.18% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 137,998 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -13.87% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Varahur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Arunachalam]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=50,012 |percentage=56.92% |change=3.65% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kanaga Sabai |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,302 |percentage=42.45% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Sundararajan |party=Independent politician |votes=551 |percentage=0.63% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,710 |percentage=14.47% |change=6.10% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=87,865 |percentage=73.62% |change= 9.50% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 123,134 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.65% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Varahur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Perumal]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,476 |percentage=53.27% |change=0.88% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Chinnaian |party=Indian National Congress |votes=33,277 |percentage=44.90% |change=40.03% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kathamuthu |party=Janata Party |votes=921 |percentage=1.24% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ganapathi |party=Independent politician |votes=436 |percentage=0.59% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,199 |percentage=8.36% |change=-9.24% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=74,110 |percentage=64.12% |change= 2.14% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 117,112 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.88% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Varahur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Perumal]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,023 |percentage=52.39% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kanagasabai |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=23,919 |percentage=34.79% |change=-24.12% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ganapathy |party=Janata Party |votes=4,791 |percentage=6.97% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. K. Ramasamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,348 |percentage=4.87% |change=-31.03% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Krishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=676 |percentage=0.98% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,104 |percentage=17.60% |change=-5.40% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=68,757 |percentage=61.99% |change= -15.94% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 112,363 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -6.52% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Varahur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Palanivelan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=42,733 |percentage=58.91% |change=9.27% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. C. Periyasamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,043 |percentage=35.90% |change=4.87% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Perumal |party=Independent politician |votes=3,762 |percentage=5.19% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,690 |percentage=23.01% |change=4.40% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=72,538 |percentage=77.93% |change= -0.51% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,516 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 9.27% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Varahur<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. Narayanan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,846 |percentage=49.64% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. V. Perumal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,533 |percentage=31.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Udayar |party=Independent politician |votes=9,230 |percentage=13.95% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Palanimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,173 |percentage=3.28% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Krishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,387 |percentage=2.10% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,313 |percentage=18.61% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=66,169 |percentage=78.44% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,182 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|11.25|79.04|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Perambalur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1971]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Bhadgaon Chalisgaon Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:17:30Z

KateCurmi92: Done...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhadgaon Chalisgaon
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=344-357}}</ref>
| abolished = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 97,879
| mla = Suryavanshi, Motiram Shamrao
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = ST
}}
Bhadgaon Chalisgaon Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" rowspan="2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Suryavanshi, Motiram Shamrao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| Tadvi, Jalamkha Sandebajkha
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhadgaon Chalisgaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Suryavanshi, Motiram Shamrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,116 |percentage = 31.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Tadvi, Jalamkha Sandebajkha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,285 |percentage = 26.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhil Mansing Bhavsing |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 14,369 |percentage = 13.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pawar, Tukaram Tatyaba |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 9,935 |percentage = 9.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pawar, Gulabrao Narayanrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,745 |percentage = 6.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghorpade, Ramsing Bhavsing |party = Kamgar Kisan Paksha |votes = 6,678 |percentage = 6.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sancheti, Multanchand Fulchand |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,535 |percentage = 4.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil, Patangrao Ramji |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,105 |percentage = 2.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,747 |percentage = 17.89% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 104,768 |percentage = 53.52% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 104,768}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,879 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Lalchhandama Ralte

2026-04-10T08:52:03Z

KateCurmi92: created basic post w/ sources - done

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Lalchhandama Ralte
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Lalchhandama Ralte (cropped).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Lalchhandama Ralte in 2023
| office = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition in the Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 5 December 2023
| term_end =
| governor = [[V. K. Singh]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Lalduhoma]]
| 2blankname = Speaker
| 2namedata = [[Lalbiakzama]]
| predecessor = [[Lalduhoma]]
| successor =
| office1 = [[Third Zoramthanga ministry|Minister of School Education of Mizoram]]
| term_start1 = 15 December 2018
| term_end1 = 3 December 2023
| governor1 = [[P. S. Sreedharan Pillai]] [[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Zoramthanga]]
| predecessor1 = H Rohluna
| successor1 = [[Vanlalthlana]]
| office2 = [[Third Zoramthanga ministry|Minister of Printing and Stationery of Mizoram]]
| term_start2 = 15 December 2018
| term_end2 = 3 December 2023
| governor2 = [[P. S. Sreedharan Pillai]] [[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata2 = [[Zoramthanga]]
| predecessor2 = [[C. Ngunlianchunga]]
| successor2 = [[F. Rodingliana]]
| office3 = [[Third Zoramthanga ministry|Minister of Labour, Employment, Skill Development and Entrepreneurship of Mizoram]]
| term_start3 = 15 December 2018
| term_end3 = 3 December 2023
| governor3 = [[P. S. Sreedharan Pillai]] [[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]
| 1blankname3 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata3 = [[Zoramthanga]]
| predecessor3 = [[Lal Thanzara]]
| successor3 = [[Lalnghinglova Hmar]]
| office4 = [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Member of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start4 = December 2018
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 = R. L. Pianmawia
| successor4 =
| constituency4 = [[Tuivawl Assembly constituency|Tuivawl]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1972|03|11|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Member of Legislative Assembly Profile |url=https://www.mizoramassembly.in/members/details/20 |website=mizoramassembly.in |access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| party = [[Mizo National Front]] (since 2013)
| other_party =
| spouse = Flora Rosangpuii
| relations =
| children = 5
| mother =
| father = Rev. R.B. Laitawia
| relatives =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[North-Eastern Hill University]]
| occupation =
| profession =
| known_for =
| salary =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| awards = 
| signature =
}}

'''Lalchhandama Ralte''' is a [[Mizo National Front]] politician from [[Mizoram]] He has been elected to the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]] from [[Tuivawl Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tuivawl Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: MNF's Lalchhandama Ralte wins Tuivawl with 6501 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/tuivawl-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2471367-2023-12-04 |website=indiatoday.in |access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref> He is currently the leader of opposition in the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]] and also leader of [[Mizo National Front]] Legislature party.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram: MNF selects Lalchhandama Ralte as legislature party leader |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/mizoram-assembly-polls-2023/story/mizoram-mnf-selects-lalchhandama-ralte-as-legislature-party-leader-2472478-2023-12-05 |website=indiatoday.in |access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref>

==Career==
Lalchhandama Ralte was the School Education, labour, employment and skill development, entrepreneurship and printing and stationery departments<ref>{{cite web |title=Portfolios allotted to new Mizoram ministers |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/portfolios-allotted-to-new-mizoram-ministers-118121500479_1.html |website=business-standard.com |access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref> Minister under [[Third Zoramthanga ministry]] from 2018 to 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram Elections: 9 out of 11 MNF ministers lose to ZPM candidates |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/mizoram/mizoram-elections-9-out-of-11-mnf-ministers-lose-to-zpm-candidates-2796277 |website=deccanherald.com |access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref>

==Education==
He has completed his M.A. Political Science in [[NEHU]], Shillong in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |title=LALCHHANDAMA RALTE(Criminal & Asset Declaration) |url=https://www.myneta.info/mizoram2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=205 |website=myneta.info |access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Politicians from Mizoram]]
[[Category:People from Aizawl district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:North-Eastern Hill University alumni]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Mizo National Front politicians]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in Mizoram]]

{{Mizoram-politician-stub}}

Akajeru

2026-04-08T14:39:52Z

KateCurmi92: Adding

{{Short description|Nearly extinct Great Andamanese language}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Jeru
| nativename = {{lang|akj|Aka-Jeru}}
| states = [[India]]
| region = [[Andaman Islands]]; interior and south North Andaman island, Sound island. Presently [[Strait Island]]
| ref = e28
| speakers = 3
| date = 2020
| familycolor = Andamanese
| fam1 = [[Great Andamanese languages|Great Andamanese]]
| fam2 = Northern Andamanese – Kede
| fam3 = [[Northern Andamanese language|Northern Andamanese]]
| iso3 = akj
| glotto = akaj1239
| glottorefname = Akajeru
| ethnicity = Jeru
| map2 = Lang Status 20-CR.svg
| mapcaption2 = {{center|Great andamanese {{sic}} is classified as Critically Endangered according to the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''<ref>{{cite report |title=Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |publisher=UNESCO |edition=3rd |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026/PDF/187026eng.pdf.multi |date=2010 |page=31}}</ref>}}
| script = [[Devanagari]]
| map = Languages_and_dialects_of_the_Andaman_Islands_at_British_contact.png
| mapcaption = {{legend|#288aed|Aka-Jeru}}
}}

'''Jeru''', or '''''Akajeru''''' (also known as ''Yerawa'', not to be confused with [[Jarawa language (Andaman Islands)|Järawa]]), is a moribund dialect of the [[Northern Andamanese language]], and the last surviving variety of the [[Great Andamanese languages|Great Andamanese]] language family.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zamponi |first=Raoul |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10137813/1/A-Grammar-of-Akajeru.pdf.pdf |title=A grammar of Akajeru: fragments of a traditional North Andamanese dialect |last2=Comrie |first2=Bernard |date=2021 |publisher=UCL Press |isbn=978-1-80008-093-5 |series=Grammars of world and minority languages |location=London}}</ref> Jeru was spoken in the interior and south coast of [[North Andaman]] and on Sound Island. A ''[[Mixed Great Andamanese|koiné]]'' of the Northern Andamanese dialects, based principally on Akajeru, was once spoken on [[Strait Island]]; the last semi-fluent speaker of this, Nao Jr., died in 2009.<ref name=e23b>{{e23|gac|Mixed Great Andamanese}}</ref>

Akajeru, [[Akachari dialect|Akachari]], [[Akakhora dialect|Akakhora]] and [[Akabo dialect|Akabo]] were dialects of a singular language, termed [[Northern Andamanese language|Northern Andamanese]], with lexical correspondency between Akajeru and Akachari at 93%.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Zamponi |first=Raoul |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10137813/1/A-Grammar-of-Akajeru.pdf.pdf |title=A grammar of Akajeru: fragments of a traditional North Andamanese dialect |last2=Comrie |first2=Bernard |date=2021 |publisher=UCL Press |isbn=978-1-80008-093-5 |series=Grammars of world and minority languages |location=London}}</ref>

==History==
As the numbers of Great Andamanese progressively declined over the succeeding decades, the various Great Andamanese tribes either disappeared altogether or became amalgamated through intermarriage. By 1994, the 38 remaining Great Andamanese who could trace their ancestry and culture back to the original tribes belonged to only three of them ([[Jeru people|Jeru]], [[Bo people (Andaman)|Bo]], and [[Cari people|Cari]]).<ref name="gob">A. N. Sharma (2003), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WEztW7c0CqQC&pg=PA75 Tribal Development in the Andaman Islands]'', page 75. Sarup & Sons, New Delhi.</ref>

The resulting mixture produced a [[koiné]] of the dialects of Northern Andamanese, based principally on Jeru. The last fluent speaker, Nao, died in 2009. <ref>{{Ethnologue18|akj|Aka-Jeru}} {{ethnologue18|gac|Mixed Great Andamanese}}</ref>

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
Aka-Jeru has the following consonants:<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" |
! [[Labial consonants|Labial]]
! [[Dental consonants|Dental]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Retroflex consonants|Retroflex]]
! [[Palatal consonants|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonants|Velar]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPAlink|m}}
|
|{{IPAlink|n}}
|
| {{IPAlink|ɲ}}
| {{IPAlink|ŋ}}
|-
! rowspan="3" | [[Plosive]]
! {{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| {{IPAlink|p}}
| {{IPAlink|t̪|t}}
|
| {{IPAlink|ʈ}}
|
| {{IPAlink|k}}
|-
! {{small|[[Aspirated consonant|voiceless aspirated]]}}
| {{IPAlink|pʰ}}
| {{IPAlink|tʰ}}
|
| {{IPAlink|ʈʰ}}
|
| {{IPAlink|kʰ}}
|-
! {{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{IPAlink|b}}
| {{IPAlink|d̪|d}}
|
| {{IPAlink|ɖ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Affricate]]
!{{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|tʃ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|dʒ}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
|
|
|{{IPAlink|r}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
|{{IPAlink|l}}
|
|{{IPA link|j}}
|
|}

=== Vowels ===
Aka-Jeru has the following vowels:<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |[[Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" |[[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" |[[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
!short
![[Vowel length|long]]
!short
![[Vowel length|long]]
!short
![[Vowel length|long]]
|-
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|{{IPA link|i}}
|{{IPA link|iː}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|u}}
|{{IPA link|uː}}
|-
![[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
|{{IPA link|e}}
|{{IPA link|eː}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|o}}
|{{IPA link|oː}}
|-
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
|{{IPA link|ɛ}}
|{{IPA link|ɛː}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|ɔ}}
|{{IPA link|ɔː}}
|-
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|a|a}}
|{{IPA link|aː|aː}}
|
|
|}

== Grammar ==
See [[Great Andamanese languages]] for more general grammatical description.

Proclitics based on words for parts of the body pervade the grammatical system of the language, a pattern not attested from any other known language.<ref>{{citation |author=Anvita Abbi |title=A sixth language family of India: Great Andamanese, its historical status and salient present-day features |year=2018 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347913959 |publisher=UCT Press}}</ref><ref>{{citation |author=Anvita Abbi |title=Body divisions in Great Andamanese: Possessive classification, the semantics of inherency and grammaticalization |year=2011 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233603670 |publisher=UJBPC}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Seven basic zones in the partonomy of the body and grammaticalisation process in Akajeru{{cn|date=December 2024}}
|-
! Classes !! Partonomy of human body !! Body division markers !! Verbs !! Adjectives !! Adverbs
|-
| 1 || mouth and its semantic extension || a= || mouth-related activity, origin, e.g. a=ɟire 'abuse', a=kopho 'sprout' || mouth-related attributive quality of a person, e.g. a=mu 'mute', a=tutlup 'greedy' || deictic meaning of front or back, anteriority of an action, e.g. a=karap 'behind', a=kaulu 'prior to'
|-
| 2 || major external body parts || ɛr= || activity in which the front part of the body is involved. e.g. er=luk 'weigh' || attribute of size, external beauty, e.g. er=buŋoi 'beautiful' || deictic meaning of adjacency, uncontrollable actions/emotions, e.g. er=betto:ʃo 'adjacent to/near X', er=achil 'surprised'
|-
| 3 || extreme ends of the body like toes and fingernails || oŋ= || hand-related activity, action to do with extremities of body, e.g. oŋ=cho 'stitch', oŋ=tuɟuro 'trembling of hands' || attributes related to limbs, e.g. oŋ=karacay 'lame', 'handicapped', oŋ=toplo 'alone' || Indicating manner, e.g. oŋ=kocil 'fast', 'hurriedly'
|-
| 4 || bodily products and part-whole relationship || ut= || directional, away from the ego, experiential, e.g. ut=cone 'leave', ut=ʈheʈhe-bom 'be hungry' || attributive quality of an X after a part is taken out of it, e.g. ut=lile 'decay', ut=lɔkho 'bare' || emerging out of something, deictic meaning of 'towards X', e.g. ot=le, 'seaward' ot=bo 'backwards'
|-
| 5 || organs inside the body || e=, ɛ= || internalised action, when the effect of an action can be seen on the object, or experienced, e.g. e=lɛco 'suck', ɛ=rino 'tear' || inherent attribute of X, e.g. e=sare 'salty', ɛ=bɛn 'soft' || deictic meaning of 'in the middle of X' e.g. te=khil, e=kotra 'inside'
|-
| 6 || parts designating round shape/sexual organs || ara= || action that involves side or middle portion of the body, e.g. ara=ɖelo 'be pregnant' || attribute of size, 'time' and belly-related, e.g. ara=pheʈkhetɔ 'big bellied', ara=kaʈa 'stout/dwarf' || deixis of immediate vertical or horizontal space, e.g. ara=balo 'behind X', tara=tal 'right under X'
|-
| 7 || parts for legs and related terms || o= ~ ɔ= || action which results in roundish object or in a definite result, e.g. o=cɔrno 'make nest', o=beo 'sting' || external attribute of an X, shape or structure, e.g. o=baloŋ 'round', o=phelala 'slippery' || temporal deixis relating to 'sun rise' or directional deixis, e.g. o=ʈɔ: 'day break', o=kara 'sunset'
|}

==Sample text==
The following is a sample text in Present Great Andamanese, in Devanagari, the Latin script, and [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]].

{{fs interlinear|indent=2
|कूरोतोनमीका मोम मीरीतलाऽ, बीलीक लौकौएमात, पेआकार आतलो तोपछीके आत लैचे लेछलीन आ, कोतीक आ औकौकोडाऽकछीने आतलो कारातताऽताकेमीऽन।
|Kuro-t'on-mika mom miritlaa, bilik laukoemat, peakar aatlo topchhike aat laiche lechhlin aa, kotik aa aukaukodaakchhine aatlo Karat-tatak-emin.
|kurot̪onmikɑ mom mirit̪lɑː, bilik lɔkɔemɑt̪, peɑkɑr ɑt̪lo topcʰike ɑt lɑice lecʰlin ɑ, kot̪ik ɑ ɔkɔkodɑːkcʰine ɑt̪lo kɑrɑt̪t̪ɑːt̪ɑkemiːn.
|Mr. Pigeon stole a firebrand at Kuro-t'on-mika, while God was sleeping. He gave the brand to the late Lech, who then made fires at Karat-tatak-emin.}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite-book
|author=Raoul Zamponi
|author2=Bernard Comrie
|title=A Grammar of Akajeru: Fragments of a traditional North Andamanese dialect
|isbn=978-90-04-23527-4
|doi=10.14324/111.9781800080935
|location=London
|publisher=UCL Press
|year=2021}}

==External links==
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094120/http://andamanese.net/index.html Vanishing Voices of the Great Andamanese]}}- VOGA
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/akajeru.htm Aka-Jeru language]- Omniglot

{{Andamanese languages}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aka-Jeru Language}}
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Great Andamanese languages]]
[[Category:Extinct languages of Asia]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages extinct in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Languages written in Devanagari]]

2018 Atrocities Act protests

2026-04-07T18:43:33Z

KateCurmi92: Done...

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = April 2018 caste protests in India
| image =
| caption =
| date = 2 April 2018
| place = [[India]]
| coordinates =
| causes = The [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] order on the [[Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989|Atrocities Act]]
| goals = To prevent the dilution of the Atrocities Act
| methods = [[Protesting]], [[mobbing]], [[Bandh]]
| status =
| result = Parliament of India passes SC/ST Amendment act 2018, to overrule Supreme Court judgement
| leadfigures1 =
| leadfigures2 =
| leadfigures3 =
| howmany1 =
| howmany2 =
| howmany3 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| injuries =
| fatalities = 14<ref name=":1"/>
| arrests = 100 (Haryana)<ref name="Haryana"/> about 10000 (Uttar Pradesh)/>
| detentions =
| charged =
| fined =
| casualties_label =
| notes =
| map_type =
| map_label =
| map_caption =
| sidebox =
}}
In early April 2018, thousands of people belonging to [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] (SC/ST) protested across India against an order of the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] on the dilution of [[Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989|Atrocities Act]]. In subsequent violence, 14 people died and hundreds were injured.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-not-against-scst-act-don-t-want-innocents-to-suffer-sc-while-hearing-review-petition-2600638|title=SC refuses to stay its order on SC/ST Act; to hear matter|date=3 April 2018|work=dna|access-date=3 April 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India's Lower-Caste Dalits Lead Nationwide Protests Against Court Judgment|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/04/02/world/asia/02reuters-india-caste.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407185622/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/04/02/world/asia/02reuters-india-caste.html|archivedate=7 April 2018|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=The New York Times|agency=REUTERS|date=April 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Anger in India as Lowest Caste Protests Supreme Court Order|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/04/02/world/asia/ap-as-india-caste-protests.html|work=The New York Times|agency=THE ASSOCIATED PRESS|date=April 2, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407190009/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/04/02/world/asia/ap-as-india-caste-protests.html|archivedate=7 April 2018|accessdate=15 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Eight dead in massive India caste protests|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43616242|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=BBC|date=2 April 2018}}</ref>

Later, the [[Parliament of India]] passed the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act, 2018, which reversed the Supreme Court judgement.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/house-clears-bill-reverse-sc-686669.html|title=House clears bill to reverse SC verdict on SC/ST Act|access-date=10 August 2020|language=en}}</ref> The amendment act was upheld by the Supreme Court in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sc-verdict-sc-st-atrocities-act-6259976/|title=Supreme Court upholds constitutional validity of SC & ST Amendment Act, 2018|access-date=10 February 2020|language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
The [[Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989]] protects the SC/ST caste groups. The act does not allow the court to grant [[anticipatory bail]] to accused person. The police must file a [[First Information Report]] (FIR) and arrest the accused on receiving a complaint.<ref name=itt/> In 2016, the conviction rate under the act was 25.7% in cases of atrocities against SC and 20.8% in cases against ST in 2016, according to the [[National Crime Records Bureau]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/article/873072/supreme-court-says-sc-st-atrocities-act-is-misused-so-what-explains-the-low-conviction-rates|title=Supreme Court says SC/ST Atrocities Act is misused. So what explains the low conviction rates?|last=Johari|first=Aarefa|work=Scroll.in|access-date=3 April 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> On 20 March 2018, the [[Supreme Court of India]] ruled that no arrests can be made without prior permission and allowed a court to grant an anticipatory bail if it, [[prima facie]], finds the complaint an abuse of the law.<ref name=itt>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/dalit-fury-and-what-led-up-to-it/articleshow/63596287.cms|title=Dalit fury and what led up to it|work=The Times of India|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref> The [[Attorney General of India]], on behalf of the [[Government of India]], filed a [[review petition]] against the order of the Supreme Court.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sc-st-act-centre-files-review-petition-says-data-shows-weak-execution-of-law-not-its-misuse/story-UYTUwgBR9DtRzcWkjWgSsN.html|title=SC/ST Act: Centre files review petition, says data shows weak execution of law, not its misuse|date=2 April 2018|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=3 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>

==Protests==
The people from [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] (SC/ST) protested against the Supreme Court order.<ref>{{citation |title='Bharat Bandh' against SC's ruling on SC/ST Act: Top developments |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bharat-bandh-against-the-scs-ruling-on-sc/st-act-top-developments/articleshow/63584287.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 April 2018 }}</ref> Thousands of people took to the streets on 2 April 2018, when a national strike was announced by representatives of the SC/ST caste groups in protest of the decision. The protests turned violent across several states in India as the protestors blocked trains, damaged property, and clashed with police and other civilians. There were also incidents involving [[arson]], vandalism and gunfire. At least fourteen people were killed: nine in [[Madhya Pradesh]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Naveen|first1=P|title=Bharat bandh: Death toll in Madhya Pradesh hits 7, 51 FIRs lodged|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/bharat-bandh-death-toll-in-madhya-pradesh-hits-7-51-firs-lodged/articleshow/63595081.cms|accessdate=5 April 2018|work=Times of India|date=3 April 2018}}</ref> Three in [[Uttar Pradesh]], two in [[Rajasthan]]; hundreds of others were injured.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news|last1=Wu|first1=Huizhong|title=10 killed as widespread Indian caste protests turn violent|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/02/asia/dalit-protests-india-intl/index.html|accessdate=5 April 2018|work=CNN|date=3 April 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Bharat Bandh: 9 killed in Dalits protest over SC, ST act; train, internet services hit; top highlights|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/bharat-bandh-9-killed-in-dalits-protest-over-sc-st-act-train-internet-services-hit-top-highlights/1119347/|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Financial Express|date=April 3, 2018}}</ref> Violent incidents were also reported in the states [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]], [[Gujarat]], [[Haryana]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Delhi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/bharat-bandh-live-will-bring-modi-govt-to-its-knees-says-mayawati-as-five-die-in-violent-protests-1705153.html|title=Bharat Bandh LIVE: Nine Dead; 1,700 Anti-riot Police Personnel Sent to Violence-hit States|date=2 April 2018|work=News18|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bharat-bandh-live-mobile-internet-services-suspended-security-clampdown-in-punjab/story-4pBLmzsxGa2aRyKYBlmQ0K.html|title=Bharat bandh highlights: Dalit protests spread across north India; 9 killed in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, UP|date=2 April 2018|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=3 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>

Suspected non-Dalit groups, who were angered by the rampage, targeted Dalit slums in retaliation and burnt the house of [[Bharosi Lal Jatav]], a former MLA [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) legislator, and ransacked the home of [[Rajkumari Jatav]], a MLA [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) legislator from [[Hindaun]], Rajasthan. A curfew was imposed in Hindaun following the violence, and later extended.<ref name="Hindaun">{{cite news|last1=Goswami|first1=Rakesh|title=Dalit protests: Normalcy returns to Rajasthan's Hindaun but curfew remains|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dalit-protests-normalcy-returns-to-rajasthan-s-hindaun-but-curfew-remains/story-sBezApOM4SxDEYov0s80uI.html|accessdate=5 April 2018|work=Hindustan Times|date=4 April 2018}}</ref>

Twenty four government vehicles and sixty private vehicles were damaged in Haryana.<ref name="Haryana" /> 84 police officials and eight civilians were injured during the violence on 2 April in Haryana.<ref name="Haryana"/> Nine policemen were injured in [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="Ghaziabad"/>

==Response==
Thousands of protesters were arrested and [[curfew]] was imposed in several places. 1700 anti-riot police were sent to states by the Government of India.<ref name=":0" /> [[Section 144]] of the [[Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (India)|Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC)]] (which prohibits assembly of more than four people) was imposed in [[Haridwar]], [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Bharat Bandh: Section 144 imposed in Haridwar|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/bharat-bandh-section-144-imposed-in-haridwar-118040300027_1.html|accessdate=5 April 2018|work=Business Standard|agency=ANI|date=3 April 2018}}</ref> Police had filed reports against 5,000 unidentified and 285 named miscreants, while 32 agitators were arrested under various sections of the [[Indian Penal Code]] in Ghaziabad.<ref name="Ghaziabad">{{cite news|title=Dalit protests: 5,000 booked, 32 arrested for violence and arson in Ghaziabad|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/dalit-protests-5000-booked-32-arrested-for-violence-and-arson-in-ghaziabad-5122906/|accessdate=5 April 2018|work=The Indian Express|agency=PTI|date=4 April 2018}}</ref> At least fifteen FIRs were registered by the police in [[Ludhiana]], Punjab against hundreds of unidentified protesters for alleged road blockades and for causing obstructions.<ref name="Ludhiana">{{cite news|title=Dalit protests: 15 FIRs against protesters in Ludhiana|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/dalit-protests-15-firs-against-protesters-in-ludhiana-5122510/|accessdate=5 April 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=4 April 2018}}</ref> The Haryana Police booked around 4,000 persons and 100 others were arrested for indulging in violence while as many as 47 FIRs were lodged.<ref name="Haryana">{{cite news|title=Violence during Bharat Bandh: 100 arrested in Haryana|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/violence-during-bharat-bandh-100-arrested-in-haryana-5122513/|accessdate=5 April 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=4 April 2018}}</ref> The internet services were suspended in Punjab and Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dalits in India hold protests against 'dilution' of SC/ST Act|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/04/dalits-india-hold-protests-dilution-scst-act-180402082213061.html|accessdate=5 April 2018|work=Al Jazeera|date=2 April 2018}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
The Supreme Court held hearing on the review petition on 3 April 2018 but did not [[Stay of execution|stay]] the order and have called to hear the matter in ten days<ref name=":1" />


Later, the [[Parliament of India]] passed the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act, 2018, which reversed the Supreme Court judgement.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/house-clears-bill-reverse-sc-686669.html|title=House clears bill to reverse SC verdict on SC/ST Act|access-date=10 August 2020|language=en}}</ref> The amendment act was upheld by the Supreme Court in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sc-verdict-sc-st-atrocities-act-6259976/|title=Supreme Court upholds constitutional validity of SC & ST Amendment Act, 2018|access-date=10 February 2020|language=en}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reservation in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Caste protests in India, 2018 04}}
[[Category:2018 in India]]
[[Category:2018 protests]]
[[Category:April 2018 in India]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in India]]
[[Category:Protests in India]]
[[Category:Dalit politics|2018 protests]]
[[Category:Dalit history|2018 protests]]
[[Category:2010s in Madhya Pradesh]]

Sumita Ghose

2026-04-07T09:54:02Z

KateCurmi92: done!

{{short description|Indian entrepreneur}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sumita Ghose
| image = Sumita Ghose (cropped).jpg
| caption = receiving the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Kolkata
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| education = Mumbai
| employer =
| occupation =
| boards =
| spouse = Sanjay Ghose
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| relatives =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sumita Ghose''', is an Indian entrepreneur who started the Rangsutra collective and won the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] award from the [[president of India]]. Hundreds of artisans co-own Rangsutra and through the company they sell their goods bridging the gap to global customers such as Ikea.

==Life==
Ghose was born in Kolkata, and she graduated in Mumbai before taking a master's degree in economics. She was married to Sanjoy Ghose, and they worked with rural communities trying to improve health education in Rajasthan. Her husband was kidnapped in Assam by the [[United Liberation Front of Assam]] and he never returned.<ref name=bhasker>{{Cite web|date=2015-09-08|title=जिद को जुनून बनाने से मिलती है जीत, रंगसूत्र : 50 देशों में करोड़ों का कारोबार|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/EDUC-LAK-founder-of-rangsutra-craft-india-sumita-ghosh-special-story-5107505-NOR.html|access-date=2020-07-11|website=Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi}}</ref>

For many years she worked in rural areas of India trying to improve their society and economy.<ref name=alli>{{Cite web|title=Sumita Ghose|url=https://resource-alliance.org/speakers/sumita-ghose/|access-date=2020-07-11|website=The Resource Alliance|language=en}}</ref> In 2007, Ghose decided that she would establish a business to assist rural artisans to find better paid work and the first task was to establish some working capital. She did not have that kind of money, and the banks could see that she had no collateral to offer to secure a loan. Ghose decided that she would persuade the artisans to invest and in exchange they would own shares in the emerging company. It worked although some of the investors now owned share certificates, and this was their only possession as everything else in their lives belonged to their husbands. The new business was the Rangsutra collective.<ref name=better>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-04|title=One Woman Is Changing Lives of 3,000 Artisans from Remote Indian Villages with Their Own Help|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/80816/rangsutra-artisan-crafts-sumita-ghose/|access-date=2020-07-11|website=The Better India|language=en-US}}</ref>

Ghose was chosen to receive the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] on International Women's Day in 2016.<ref name="merged1">{{cite tweet |author=Ministry of WCD |author-link=Ministry of WCD |user=MinistryWCD |number=747029167749816321 |date=2016-06-26 |title=Ms. Sumita Ghose from Delhi won the prestigious #NariShakti Award for her work in rural India #TransformingIndia https://t.co/ypv5Z4O4rj |language=en |access-date=2022-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316114548/https://twitter.com/ministrywcd/status/747029167749816321 |archive-date=2022-03-16 |url-status=live}}</ref> The award was made by President [[Pranab Mukherjee]] at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan|Presidential palace]] in New Delhi. Another fourteen women and seven institutions were honoured that day.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-03-08|title=Give women freedom to exercise choices at home, workplace: President Pranab Mukherjee|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/give-women-freedom-to-exercise-choices-at-home-workplace-president-pranab-mukherjee/articleshow/51312597.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2020-07-09}}</ref> At the time Rangsutra had 2,000 artisan investors in the collective.<ref name=alli/>

In 2020, [[Ikea]] launched its Botanisk range created by their designers in collaboration with social entrepreneurs in Thailand, Romania, Jordan and India. Rangsutra, which Ghosh still leads, was one of their India suppliers together with Industree, and Ramesh Flowers. Rangsutra is supplying cushion covers made from sustainable materials fitting in with the botanical theme. They and Ikea are creating work for hand loom weavers and other rural artisans.<ref name=bridge>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-18|title=IKEA India unveils BOTANISK, a handcrafted series created in collaboration with six social entrepreneurs|url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/ikea-india-unveils-botanisk-handcrafted-series-in-collaboration-with-six-social-entrepreneurs/|access-date=2020-07-11|website=Architectural Digest India|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Awards==
Ghosh has also been awarded grants and fellowships. She has been in the [[Fulbright Program]], and the [[Aspen Institute]].<ref name="merged1"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Sumita}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]

Satara Lok Sabha constituency

2026-03-29T07:50:07Z

KateCurmi92:

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| constituency_no =
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Maharashtra/Satara.map}}
| map_caption = Satara Lok Sabha Constituency map
| incumbent_image = Udayraje Bhosale.jpg
| established = 1951
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| mp = [[Udayanraje Bhosale]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| assembly_cons = [[Wai Assembly constituency|Wai]] [[Koregaon Assembly constituency|Koregaon]] [[Karad North Assembly constituency|Karad North]] [[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South]] [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan]] [[Satara Assembly constituency|Satara]]
| name = Satara
| preceded_by = [[Shriniwas Patil]]
| electors = 18,60,239
| reservation = None
}}

'''Satara Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 48 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]], in [[Satara district]].

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Satara Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following six legislative assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website|access-date=30 November 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|archive-date=25 February 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
!colspan=2 |Leading {{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|256
|[[Wai Assembly constituency|Wai]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Satara District|Satara]]
|[[Makrand Jadhav - Patil|Makrand Jadhav Patil]]
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party- Sharadchandra Pawar|NCP(SP)]]
|-
|257
|[[Koregaon Assembly constituency|Koregaon]]
|[[Mahesh Shinde]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|259
|[[Karad North Assembly constituency|Karad North]]
|[[Manoj Ghorpade]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party- Sharadchandra Pawar|NCP(SP)]]
|-
|260
|[[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South]]
|[[Atulbaba Suresh Bhosale]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|261
|[[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan]]
|[[Shambhuraj Desai]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party- Sharadchandra Pawar|NCP(SP)]]
|-
|262
||[[Satara Assembly constituency|Satara]]
|[[Shivendra Raje Bhosale]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[1951 Indian general election|1951]]
| Ganesh Altekar{{efn|Satara North}}
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|Venkantrao Pawar{{efn|Satara South}}
|-
| [[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
| [[Nana Patil]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
| Kisan Mahadeo Veer alias Abasaheb Veer
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|-
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color| Indian National Congress (U)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Prataprao Baburao Bhosale|Prataprao Bhosale]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| [[Hindurao Naik Nimbalkar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|-
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| Abhaysinhraje Bhosale
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Laxmanrao Pandurang Patil|Laxmanrao Jadhav-Patil]]
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Udayanraje Bhosale]]
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2019 elections in India|2019]]^
|[[Shriniwas Patil]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Udayanraje Bhosale]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=1}}
|}
^denotes By-polls
{{Notelist}}

==Election results==

===General elections 1951===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1951 Indian general election]]: North Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF 1951 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ganesh Sadashiv Altekar
|votes = 91,319
|percentage = 45.95
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Peasants and Workers Party of India
|candidate = Ramchandra Manohar Nalavade
|votes = 54,095
|percentage = 27.22
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dinkar Dagdoba Deshmukh
|votes = 41,159
|percentage = 20.71
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ramchandra Dattatraya Dixit
|votes = 12,166
|percentage = 06.12
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 37,224
|percentage = 18.73
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,98,739
|percentage = 55.25
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin | title=[[1951 Indian general election]]: South Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF 1951 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Vyankatrao Pirajirao Pawar
|votes = 1,33,915
|percentage = 59.80
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Peasants and Workers Party of India
|candidate = Dhondaji Pandurang Patil
|votes = 59,705
|percentage = 26.66
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ganesh Kondo Godbole
|votes = 17,651
|percentage = 07.88
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Abasaheb Hanumantrao Kharedekar
|votes = 12,684
|percentage = 05.66
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 74,210
|percentage = 33.13
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,23,955
|percentage = 60.69
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1957===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1957 Indian general election]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf 1957 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = [[Nana Patil|Nana Ramchandra Patil]]
|votes = 1,45,194
|percentage = 65.42
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ganesh Sadashiv Altekar
|votes = 76,745
|percentage = 34.58
|change = -11.37
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 68,449
|percentage = 30.84
|change = +12.11
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,21,939
|percentage = 60.54
|change = +05.29
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Communist Party of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1962===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Indian general election]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf 1962 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kisan Mahadeo Veer
|votes = 1,65,879
|percentage = 64.07
|change = +29.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = [[Nana Patil|Nana Ramchandra Patil]]
|votes = 62,188
|percentage = 24.02
|change = -41.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Socialist Party
|candidate = Bapurao Bhaurao Kachare
|votes = 17,324
|percentage = 06.69
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ramrao Subhanrao Barge
|votes = 10,164
|percentage = 03.93
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Swatantra Party
|candidate = Babasaheb Jagdeorao Shinde
|votes = 3,360
|percentage = 01.30
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,03,691
|percentage = 40.04
|change = +09.20
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,58,915
|percentage = 63.83
|change = +03.29
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1967===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Indian general election]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf 1967 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Yashwantrao Chavan|Yashwantrao Balawantrao Chavan]]
|votes = 2,07,895
|percentage = 68.78
|change = +04.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Peasants and Workers Party of India
|candidate = Keshavrao Patloji Pawar
|votes = 80,059
|percentage = 26.49
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = D. S. Rasal
|votes = 14,322
|percentage = 04.74
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,27,836
|percentage = 42.29
|change = +02.25
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 3,02,276
|percentage = 69.10
|change = +05.27
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1971===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1971 Indian general election]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf 1971 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Yashwantrao Chavan|Yashwantrao Balawantrao Chavan]]
|votes = 2,46,100
|percentage = 77.22
|change = +08.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Peasants and Workers Party of India
|candidate = Keshavrao Patloji Pawar
|votes = 69,270
|percentage = 21.74
|change = -04.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Pandurang Kondiba Borate
|votes = 3,325
|percentage = 01.04
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,76,830
|percentage = 55.48
|change = +13.19
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 3,18,695
|percentage = 66.39
|change = -02.71
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1977===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1977 Indian general election]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf 1977 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Yashwantrao Chavan|Yashwantrao Balawantrao Chavan]]
|votes = 2,60,562
|percentage = 76.38
|change = -0.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = Nitin Jagannath Lavangare
|votes = 68,961
|percentage = 20.21
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Vasant Krishna Thakur
|votes = 6,808
|percentage = 02.00
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shyamsundar Anant Sahastrabudhe
|votes = 4,807
|percentage = 01.41
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,91,601
|percentage = 56.16
|change = +0.68
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 3,41,138
|percentage = 60.60
|change = -05.79
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1980===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1980 Indian general election]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf 1980 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress (Urs)
|candidate = [[Yashwantrao Chavan|Yashwantrao Balawantrao Chavan]]
|votes = 2,23,213
|percentage = 53.95
|change = -22.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress (Indira)
|candidate = [[Shalini Patil|Shalinitai Vasantrao Patil]]
|votes = 1,70,180
|percentage = 41.13
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Vasant Krishna Thakur
|votes = 7,822
|percentage = 01.89
|change = -0.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shamrao Banduji Jagadale
|votes = 5,066
|percentage = 01.22
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Bajirao Dadasaheb Chavan
|votes = 2,601
|percentage = 0.63
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Balkrishna Bhaskar Paranjape
|votes = 2,097
|percentage = 0.51
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shyamsundar Anant Sahastrabudhe
|votes = 1,713
|percentage = 0.41
|change = -01.00
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shrirang Ramchandra Rokade
|votes = 1,065
|percentage = 0.26
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 53,033
|percentage = 12.81
|change = -43.35
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 4,13,757
|percentage = 64.47
|change = +03.87
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress (Urs)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1984===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1984 Indian general election]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf 1984 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Prataprao Baburao Bhosale]]
|votes = 2,70,110
|percentage = 58.48
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian Congress (Socialist)
|candidate = Dadaraje Khardekar
|votes = 1,74,590
|percentage = 37.80
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Rashid Abdulkakarim Bhagwan
|votes = 8,988
|percentage = 01.95
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Nivruti Ishawara Gaikwad
|votes = 3,783
|percentage = 0.82
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Raghunath Balwant Dupate
|votes = 2,374
|percentage = 0.51
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shoukatalli Babalal Mulla
|votes = 950
|percentage = 0.21
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Bapurao Bhaurao Kachare
|votes = 697
|percentage = 0.15
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dilawar Badshah Shaikh
|votes = 390
|percentage = 0.08
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 95,520
|percentage = 20.68
|change = +07.87
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 4,61,882
|percentage = 66.45
|change = +01.98
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1989===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Indian general election]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf 1989 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Prataprao Baburao Bhosale]]
|votes = 3,69,467
|percentage = 81.94
|change = +23.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal
|candidate = D.D. Ranavare
|votes = 52,476
|percentage = 11.64
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Laxman Waman Jadhav
|votes = 5,773
|percentage = 01.28
|change = N/A
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Balavant Waman Kakade
|votes = 3,636
|percentage = 0.81
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dastagirbhai Kadarbhai Metkari
|votes = 3,452
|percentage = 0.77
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Doordarshi Party
|candidate = Ramcharan Bikanu Kumbhar
|votes = 3,283
|percentage = 0.73
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Dalit Muslim Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh
|candidate = Shaukatalli Babalal Mulla
|votes = 2,723
|percentage = 0.60
|change = +0.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Arvind Bapurao Pawar
|votes = 2,561
|percentage = 0.57
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Maruti Shankar Lokhande
|votes = 2,184
|percentage = 0.48
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Balkrishna Ramchandra Mane
|votes = 2,101
|percentage = 0.47
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Balu Sadashiv Phalke
|votes = 1,436
|percentage = 0.32
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dattatraya Nivruti Barge
|votes = 1,194
|percentage = 0.26
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Suryakant Anandrao Jarad
|votes = 622
|percentage = 0.14
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,16,991
|percentage = 70.30
|change = +49.62
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 4,50,908
|percentage = 50.96
|change = -15.49
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1991===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf 1991 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate =[[Prataprao Baburao Bhosale]]
|votes = 2,61,129
|percentage = 66.85
|change = -15.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = [[Hindurao Naik Nimbalkar]]
|votes = 1,01,917
|percentage = 26.09
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal
|candidate = D.D. Ranavare
|votes = 12,675
|percentage = 03.24
|change = -08.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = K.B. Jamadade
|votes = 5,248
|percentage = 01.34
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Bharatiya Krishi Udyog Sangh
|candidate = Laxman Waman Jadhav
|votes = 4,219
|percentage = 01.08
|change = -0.20
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dastagirbhai Kadarbhai Metkari
|votes = 1,856
|percentage = 0.48
|change = -0.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Kondiram Dhondiba Shelar
|votes = 1,218
|percentage = 0.31
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shivaji Krishnarao Ghadge
|votes = 970
|percentage = 0.25
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Doordarshi Party
|candidate = Pandurang Janardhan Patange
|votes = 709
|percentage = 0.18
|change = -0.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dattatraya Nivruti Barge
|votes = 662
|percentage = 0.17
|change = -0.09
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,59,212
|percentage = 40.76
|change = -29.54
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 3,90,603
|percentage = 42.73
|change = -08.23
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf 1996 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = [[Hindurao Naik Nimbalkar]]
|votes = 1,90,526
|percentage = 35.66
|change = +09.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Prataprao Baburao Bhosale]]
|votes = 1,78,717
|percentage = 33.45
|change = -33.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Udayanraje Bhosale]]
|votes = 1,13,685
|percentage = 21.28
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = R. D. Nikam
|votes = 20,917
|percentage = 03.92
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Parth Marippa Polke
|votes = 5,886
|percentage = 01.10
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = MPKP
|candidate = Laxman Waman Jadhav
|votes = 5,765
|percentage = 01.08
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sonappa Rangu Narale
|votes = 5,567
|percentage = 01.04
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh
|candidate = Shoukat Alli Babalal Mulla
|votes = 2,210
|percentage = 0.41
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Bapurao Bhaurao Kachare
|votes = 2,186
|percentage = 0.41
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)
|candidate = Vitthalrao Shankarrao Jadhav
|votes = 1,915
|percentage = 0.36
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ganesh Digambar Inamdar
|votes = 1,653
|percentage = 0.31
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Gulabrao Ramchandra Mane
|votes = 1,623
|percentage = 0.30
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Chanbassayya Murgayya Hiremath
|votes = 1,237
|percentage = 0.23
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dagadoba Baburao Yadav
|votes = 1,180
|percentage = 0.22
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shamsundar Anant Sahastrabuddhe
|votes = 619
|percentage = 0.12
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Jagnnath Ramchandra Nunekar
|votes = 541
|percentage = 0.10
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 11,809
|percentage = 02.21
|change = -38.55
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 5,34,227
|percentage = 57.77
|change = +15.04
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Shiv Sena
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf 1998 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Abhaysinh Shahumaharaj Bhosale
|votes = 3,89,238
|percentage = 65.20
|change = +31.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = [[Hindurao Naik Nimbalkar]]
|votes = 2,07,762
|percentage = 34.80
|change = -0.86
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,81,476
|percentage = 30.40
|change = +28.19
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 5,97,000
|percentage = 62.70
|change = +04.93
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Shiv Sena
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1999===
{{Election box begin |title=[[1999 Indian general election]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf 1999 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = [[Laxmanrao Pandurang Jadhav (Patil)]]
|votes = 3,13,325
|percentage = 46.82
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = [[Hindurao Naik Nimbalkar]]
|votes = 1,88,554
|percentage = 28.17
|change = -06.63
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Yashwantrao Appasaheb Khardekar Nimbalkar
|votes = 1,59,953
|percentage = 23.90
|change = -41.30
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Maharashtra Pradesh Krantikari Party
|candidate = Laxman Waman Jadhav
|votes = 3,571
|percentage = 0.53
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Laxman Sopan Jadhav
|votes = 2,535
|percentage = 0.38
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sangita Jagdish Gaikwad
|votes = 1,323
|percentage = 0.20
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,24,771
|percentage = 18.64
|change = -11.76
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 6,69,261
|percentage = 71.41
|change = +08.71
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Nationalist Congress Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf 2004 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = [[Laxmanrao Pandurang Jadhav (Patil)]]
|votes = 2,81,577
|percentage = 41.71
|change = -05.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = [[Hindurao Naik Nimbalkar]]
|votes = 2,77,620
|percentage = 41.11
|change = +12.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Suryajirao Alias Chimanrao Shankarao Kadam
|votes = 62,492
|percentage = 09.25
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
|candidate = Bajarang Subhedar Khatake
|votes = 28,325
|percentage = 04.19
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Amar Raghunath Gaikwad
|votes = 13,502
|percentage = 02.00
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Lok Rajya Party
|candidate = Dr. Bhagawan Khanderao Yadav
|votes = 11,496
|percentage = 01.70
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,957
|percentage = 0.58
|change = -18.06
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 6,75,012
|percentage = 58.73
|change = -12.68
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Nationalist Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf 2009 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = [[Udayanraje Bhosale|Udayanraje Pratapsinh Bhosale]]
|votes = 5,32,583
|percentage = 65.22
|change = +23.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Purushottam Bajirao Jadhav
|votes = 2,35,068
|percentage = 28.78
|change = -12.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Prashant Vasant Chavan
|votes = 25,112
|percentage = 03.08
|change = +01.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Alankrita Abhijit Awade-Bichukale
|votes = 12,662
|percentage = 01.55
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
|candidate = Bhausaheb Gangaram Wagh
|votes = 11,221
|percentage = 01.37
|change = -02.82
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,97,515
|percentage = 36.44
|change = +35.86
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,16,646
|percentage = 52.81
|change = -05.92
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Nationalist Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Satara
<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf 2014 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = [[Udayanraje Bhosale|Udayanraje Pratapsinh Bhosale]]
|votes = 5,22,531
|percentage = 53.50
|change = -11.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Purushottam Bajirao Jadhav
|votes = 1,55,937
|percentage = 15.97
|change = -12.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Rajendra Madhukar Chorage
|votes = 82,489
|percentage = 08.45
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Republican Party of India (Athvale)
|candidate = Ashok Waman Gaikwad
|votes = 71,808
|percentage = 07.35
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sandip Amrutrao Mozar
|votes = 18,215
|percentage = 01.86
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Subhash Nivrutti Shilewant
|votes = 15,073
|percentage = 01.54
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Prashant Vasant Chavan
|votes = 14,523
|percentage = 01.49
|change = -01.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Altaf Abdulgani Shikalgar
|votes = 13,760
|percentage = 01.41
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh
|candidate = Chandrakant Tatu Khandait
|votes = 12,270
|percentage = 01.26
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Suhas Vishwasrao Deshmukh
|votes = 12,122
|percentage = 01.24
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Pandurang Ramchandra Shinde
|votes = 11,304
|percentage = 01.16
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 10,589
|percentage = 01.08
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sagar Uttamrao Kadam
|votes = 10,047
|percentage = 01.03
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Varsha Madgulkar
|votes = 9,405
|percentage = 0.96
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Umesh Mukund Waghmare
|votes = 4,711
|percentage = 0.48
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dr. Vijaysinha Diliprao Patil
|votes = 3,654
|percentage = 0.37
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Abhijit Vamanrao Bichukale
|votes = 3,644
|percentage = 0.37
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sukhdev Bhanudas Gawde
|votes = 2,435
|percentage = 0.25
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dr. Prakash Shamrao Pawar
|votes = 2,164
|percentage = 0.22
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,66,594
|percentage = 37.53
|change = +01.09
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 9,76,681
|percentage = 56.78
|change = +03.97
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Nationalist Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Satara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = [[Udayanraje Bhosale|Udayanraje Pratapsinh Bhosale]]
|votes = 5,79,026
|percentage = 51.91
|change = -1.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Narendra Annasaheb Patil
|votes = 4,52,498
|percentage = 40.57
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi
|candidate = Sahadeo Kerappa Aiwale
|votes = 40,673
|percentage = 3.65
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 9,227
|percentage = 0.83
|change = -0.25
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,26,528
|percentage = 11.34
|change = -26.19
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,17,757
|percentage = 60.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Nationalist Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Bye-Election 2019===
{{Election box begin | title= Bye-election, 2019: Satara
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = [[Shriniwas Patil]]
|votes = 6,36,620
|percentage = 51.04
|change = -0.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Udayanraje Bhosale]]
|votes = 5,48,903
|percentage = 44.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shivajirao Jadhav
|votes = 26,407
|percentage = 2.12
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi
|candidate = Chandrakant Khandait
|votes = 17,203
|percentage = 1.38
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 10,159
|percentage = 0.81
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 87,717
|percentage = 7.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 12,49,151
|percentage = 67.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Nationalist Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2024===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: Satara<ref name="Lok Sabha 2024 election results: Satara">{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha 2024 election results: Satara |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1345.htm |accessdate=18 January 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118131113/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1345.htm |archivedate=18 January 2025}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Udayanraje Bhosale]]|votes=571134|percentage=47.67|change={{up}}3.66}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|candidate=[[Shashikant Shinde]]|votes=5,38,363|percentage=44.94|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Independent
|candidate = Sanjay Kondiba Gade
|votes =37,062
|percentage =3.09
|change =''New''
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi
|candidate = Prashant Raghunath Kadam
|votes =11,912
|percentage =1.00
|change =''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Anand Ramesh Thorwade
|votes =6,485
|percentage =0.50
|change =''New''
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes =5,522
|percentage = 0.46
|change ={{down}}0.35
}}
{{Election box majority||votes=32,771|percentage=2.74|change={{down}}4.28}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =12,00,184
|percentage =63.19
|change ={{down}}3.54
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =Nationalist Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Satara district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[Satara Assembly constituency]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/maharashtra/satara/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Satara lok sabha constituency election 2019 results details]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
|-
{{s-vac | last = [[Buxar Lok Sabha constituency|Buxar]] | reason = since 1970 No [[Official opposition]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Constituency represented by the [[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha|leader of the opposition]]|years=1977 – 1978}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Idukki Lok Sabha constituency|Idukki]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Idukki Lok Sabha constituency|Idukki]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Constituency represented by the [[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha|leader of the opposition]]|years=1979}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sasaram Lok Sabha constituency|Sasaram]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{Satara district topics}}
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[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Satara district]]

Eloji

2026-03-28T01:49:53Z

KateCurmi92:

{{Short description|Folk deity of Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = hindu
| name = Eloji (Eloba)
| image = File:Eloji.jpg
| caption = Statute of Eloji
| god_of = Village deity ([[Gramadevata|Gram-devta]])
| symbols =
| festivals = [[Holi]]
| temples =
}}

'''Eloji''' or '''Eloba''' is a [[Grāmadevatā|''Gram-devta'']] (god of village) [[folk deity]]. Statues of Eloji can be found in villages of [[Rajasthan]]. He is said to be the lover of [[Hiranyakashipu|Hiranyakashipu's]] sister [[Holika]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.webdunia.com/love-stories/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-107041900029_1.htm|title=इलोजी-होलिका की प्रेम कहानी|website=hindi.webdunia.com}}</ref>

==Holi folklore==
[[Holi]] is a festival of abandonment and acknowledgement of animal instincts. In Indian society, honestly discussing sex is still taboo; public expression of love or sexual desire is condemned.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Danik bhasker |title=eloji baraat |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/rajasthan/jalore/news/rajasthan-news-the-procession-of-iloji-came-out-in-jalore-the-citizens-welcomed-the-enthusiasm-in-bhinmal39s-scam-084031-6821137.html}}</ref> The love story of Eloji and [[Holika]] is famous in traditional folklore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zindagitoday.com/eloji-holika-love-story-2/|title=कौन थे इलोजी देवता? होलिका - इलोजी की प्रेम कहानी का इतिहास - इलोजी का इतिहास - जिंदगी टुडे - Zindagi Today - Hindi Me Jankari Ka Khajana|date=18 July 2021|access-date=24 March 2022|archive-date=2 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702141946/https://zindagitoday.com/eloji-holika-love-story-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Culture of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Religion in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Folk deities of Rajasthan]]

Indian Legion

2026-03-24T01:56:43Z

KateCurmi92:

{{Short description|Indian volunteer unit in Nazi Germany}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Free India Legion
| native_name = {{langx|de|Legion Freies Indien}}
| image = Flag of the Indian Legion.svg{{!}}border
| image_size =
| caption = Flag of the Indian Legion
| country = {{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}}
| allegiance = {{flagicon image|1931 Flag of India.svg}} [[Azad Hind]]
| dates = 1941 – May 1945
| branch = {{army|Nazi Germany}} (1941–1944) {{flagicon image|Flag Schutzstaffel.svg}} [[Waffen-SS]] (1944–1945)
| type = [[Infantry]]
| role =
| size = 4,500 (maximum){{sfn|Müller|2009|p=55}}
| nickname = "Tiger Legion" "Azad Hind Fauj"
| command_structure =
| garrison = {{unbulleted list|[[Königsbrück]]|[[Lager Heuberg]]}}
| battles =
{{tree list}}
* [[World War II]]
** [[Atlantic Wall]]
** [[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italian Front]]
** [[Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine|Retreat from France]]
** [[Battle of Berlin]]
{{tree list/end}}
| battles_label = Engagements
| notable_commanders = {{plainlist|
* [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]
* Heinz Bertling
}}
| identification_symbol = [[File:Indische Legion Shield.svg|80px]]
| identification_symbol_label = Badge
| identification_symbol_2 = [[File:Indische Legion.svg|80px]]
| identification_symbol_2_label = Banner
}}

The '''Indian Legion''' ({{langx|de|Indische Legion}}), officially the '''Free India Legion''' ({{langx|de|Legion Freies Indien}}) or '''950th (Indian) Infantry Regiment''' ({{langx|de|Infanterie-Regiment 950 (indisches)}}), was a military unit raised during the [[Second World War]] initially as part of the [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German Army]] and later the ''[[Waffen-SS]]'' from August 1944. Intended to serve as a liberation force for [[British Raj|British-ruled India]], it was made up of Indian [[prisoners of war]] and [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|expatriates]] in Europe. Owing to its origins in the [[Indian independence movement]], it was known also as the "Tiger Legion", and the "Azad Hind Fauj". As part of the ''[[Waffen-SS]]'' it was known as the '''Indian Volunteer Legion of the Waffen-SS''' ({{langx|de|Indische Freiwilligen Legion der Waffen-SS}}). The transfer to the Waffen-SS was never fully executed and many members of the division refused to wear the new uniforms and insignia.{{sfn|Hartog|2001|p=208}}

Indian independence leader [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] initiated the legion's formation, as part of his efforts to win India's independence by waging war against Britain, when he came to [[Berlin]] in 1941 seeking German aid. The initial recruits in 1941 were volunteers from the Indian students resident in Germany at the time, and a handful of the Indian prisoners of war who had been captured during the [[North African campaign]]. It later drew a larger number of Indian prisoners of war as volunteers.

Though it was initially raised as an assault group that would form a pathfinder to a German–Indian joint invasion of the western frontiers of [[British India]], only a small contingent was ever put to its original intended purpose. A small contingent, including much of the Indian officer corps and enlisted leadership, was transferred to the [[Indian National Army]] in [[South-East Asian theatre of World War II|South-East Asia]]. The majority of the troops of the Indian Legion were given only non-combat duties in the Netherlands and in France until the [[Invasion of Normandy|Allied invasion]]. They saw action in the retreat from the [[Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine|Allied advance across France]], fighting mostly against the [[French Resistance]]. One company was sent to Italy in 1944, where it saw action against British and Polish troops and undertook anti-[[partisan (military)|partisan]] operations.

At the time of the surrender of Nazi Germany in 1945, the remaining men of the Indian Legion made efforts to march to neutral Switzerland over the [[Alps]], but they were captured by American and French troops and eventually shipped back to India to face charges of [[Treason#United Kingdom|treason]]. However, [[Indian National Army trials|the courts-martial of Indians who served with the Axis]] were not completed due to widespread outrage among soldiers and civilians.

==Background==
{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=440|caption_align=center
| align = right
|image_style = border:none;
|background color =
| title =
| image1 = Bundesarchiv Bild 101III-Alber-064-03A, Subhas Chandra Bose bei Heinrich Himmler.jpg
| image2 = Subhas Chandra Bose meeting Adolf Hitler.jpg
| footer = (left) Bose with [[Heinrich Himmler]], the Nazi Minister of Interior, head of the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]], and the [[Gestapo]], 1942; (right) Subhas Bose meeting [[Adolf Hitler]]
}}
The idea of raising an armed force that would fight its way into India to bring down the [[British Raj]] goes back to the [[First World War]], when the [[Ghadar Party]] and the then nascent [[Indian Independence League]] formulated [[Hindu–German Conspiracy|plans to initiate rebellion]] in the [[British Indian Army]] from [[Punjab region|Punjab]] to [[Hong Kong]] with German support. This plan failed after information leaked to British intelligence, but only after many attempts at mutiny, and a [[1915 Singapore Mutiny|1915 mutiny of Indian troops in Singapore]].<ref>{{Cite journal | first = Amit K.| year = 1997| title = Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897–1938 |volume=25 |issue=9/10 |pages=3–27 | doi = 10.2307/3517678 | last1 = Gupta | journal = Social Scientist | jstor = 3517678}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| first= Thomas G. |date=April 1977| title = Germany and Indian Revolution, 1914–18|volume=12|issue=2|pages=255–272| doi = 10.1177/002200947701200203| last= Fraser| journal = Journal of Contemporary History|s2cid=161813088}}</ref> During World War II, all three of the major [[Axis powers]] sought to support armed revolutionary activities in India, and aided the recruitment of a military force from Indian [[prisoners of war]] (POWs) captured while serving in the British Indian Army, and [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian expatriates]].<ref name=Douds>{{cite journal|last=Douds |first=G.J. |title=The men who never were: Indian POWs in the Second World War|journal=South Asia|year=2004|doi=10.1080/1479027042000236634|volume=27|issue=2 |pages=183–216|s2cid=144665659 }}</ref>

The most notable and successful Indian force to fight with the Axis was the [[Indian National Army]] (INA) in southeast Asia, that [[First Indian National Army|came into being]] with the support of the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese Empire]] in April 1942. [[Kingdom of Italy#Fascist regime (1922–1943)|Fascist Italy]] also created the [[Battaglione Azad Hindoustan|Azad Hindustan Battalion]] ({{langx|it|Battaglione Azad Hindoustan}}) in February 1942. This unit was formed from Indian POWs from their ''Centro I'' POW camp, and Italians previously resident in India and Persia, and ultimately served under the ''Ragruppamento Centri Militari'' alongside units of Arabs and colonial Italians. However, the effort had little acceptance from the Indians in the unit, who did not wish to serve under Italian officers.{{sfn|Lundari|1989|p=90}}{{sfn|Littlejohn|1994|p=127}} After Italy lost the [[Second Battle of El Alamein]], the Indians mutinied when told to fight in Libya. Consequently, the remnants of the battalion were disbanded in November 1942.<ref name="Public Relations Office"/>{{sfn|James|1997|p=598}}

Although the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), the organisation leading the struggle for Indian independence, had passed resolutions conditionally supporting the fight against fascism,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Indian National Congress|title=The Congress and the Freedom Movement: World War II and the Congress|url=http://www.aicc.org.in/the_congress_and_the_freedom_movement.htm#the|work=AICC.org.in|access-date=20 July 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507091651/http://www.aicc.org.in/the_congress_and_the_freedom_movement.htm#the|archive-date=7 May 2006}}</ref> some Indian public opinion was more hostile toward Britain's unilateral decision to declare India a belligerent on the side of the Allies. Among the more rebellious Indian political leaders of the time was [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], a former INC president, who was viewed as a potent enough threat by the British that he was arrested when the war started.{{sfn|James|1997|p=554}} Bose escaped from house arrest in India in January 1941 and made his way through Afghanistan to the [[Soviet Union]], with some help from Germany's military intelligence service, the [[Abwehr]]. Bose, ideologically a [[Communism|Communist]] was inclined to the Soviet Union for aid.

Once he reached [[Moscow]], he did not receive the expected Soviet support for his plans for a popular uprising in India. The Soviets were navigating a complex geopolitical and strategic web and did not want to break any potential alliance with the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] in case of an impending German invasion. The German [[ambassador]] in Moscow, [[Count von der Schulenberg]], soon arranged for Bose to go to [[Berlin]]. He arrived at the beginning of April 1941, and he met with foreign minister [[Joachim von Ribbentrop]] and later [[Adolf Hitler]].{{sfn|Kurowski|1997|p=136}} In Berlin, Bose set up the [[Free India Centre]] and [[Azad Hind Radio]], which commenced broadcasting to Indians on [[shortwave radio]] frequencies, reaching tens of thousands of Indians who had shortwave receivers.{{sfn|James|1997|p=555}}<ref name=Syonan/> Soon Bose's aim became to raise an army, which he imagined would march into India with German forces and trigger the downfall of the Raj.{{sfn|Günther|2003|p=24}}

==Origin==
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-2004-0198, Nordafrika, kriegsgefangene britische Soldaten aus Indien.jpg|thumb|Indian POWs in [[Derna, Libya|Derna]], Libya, 1941.]]
The first troops of the Indian Legion were recruited from Indian POWs captured at El Mekili, [[Libya]] during the [[Siege of Tobruk|battles for Tobruk]]. The German forces in the Western Desert selected a core group of 27 POWs as potential officers and they were flown to Berlin in May 1941, to be followed, after the ''Centro I'' experiment, by POWs being transferred from the Italian forces to Germany.{{sfn|Weale|1994|p= 213}} The number of POWs transferred to Germany grew to about 10,000 who were eventually housed at Annaburg camp, where Bose first met with them. A first group of 300 volunteers from the POWs and Indians expatriates in Germany were sent to Frankenberg camp near [[Chemnitz]], to train and convince arriving POWs to join the legion.{{sfn|Davis|1994|pp=21–22}}

As the numbers of POWs joining the legion swelled, the legion was moved to [[Königsbrück]] for further training.{{sfn|Davis|1994|pp=21–22}} It was at Königsbrück that uniforms were first issued, in German ''[[feldgrau]]'' with the badge of the leaping tiger of ''Azad Hind''. The formation of the Indian National Army was announced by the [[Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda|German Propaganda Ministry]] in January 1942. It did not, however, take oath until 26 August 1942, as the ''Legion Freies Indien'' of the German Army. By May 1943, the numbers had swelled, aided by the enlistment as volunteers of Indian expatriates.{{sfn|Weale|1994|p= 213}}

Overall, there were about 15,000 Indian POWs in Europe, primarily held in Germany by 1943. While some remained loyal to the King-Emperor and treated Bose and the Legion with contempt, most were at least somewhat sympathetic to Bose's cause{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}. While approximately 2,000 became legionnaires, some others did not complete their training owing to various reasons and circumstances.{{sfn|Weale|1994|p= 213}}<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1017/S1356186312000600 |title= Reviews of Books: ''Subhas Chandra Bose in Nazi Germany: Politics, Intelligence and Propaganda 1941–43''. By Romain Hayes|first=Anton|last=Copley|journal= Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |series=Third Series|volume=22|issue=3–4|pages=616–618|date=12 October 2012|s2cid= 154324415}}</ref> The maximum size of the Legion was 4,500.{{sfn|Müller|2009|p=55}}

Bose sought and obtained agreement from the [[Oberkommando der Wehrmacht|German High Command]] for the rather remarkable terms under which the Legion would serve in German military. German soldiers would train the Indians in all branches of infantry and motorized units in using weapons under the strictest military discipline, in the same way a German formation was trained; the Indian legionnaires were not to be mixed with any German structures; they were not to be sent to any front other than in India for fighting against the British, but would be allowed to fight in self-defence at any other place. In all other respects, the legionnaires would enjoy the same facilities and amenities regarding pay, clothing, food, leave, etc., as German soldiers. As for the unit's eventual deployments in the Netherlands and France, they were ostensibly for training purposes, according to Bose's plans for the unit to be trained in some aspects of [[Coastal defence and fortification|coastal defence]].{{sfn|Ganpuley|1959|page=153}} After the invasion of France by the Allies, the unit was ordered back to Germany, so that it would not participate in fighting for German military interests.

==Organization==

===Composition===
{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=440|caption_align=center
| align = left
|image_style = border:none;
|background color =
| title =
| image1 = Legion Free India Soldiers1.jpg
| image2 = A Sikh Soldier of the Azad Hind Fauj at a function in Berlin.jpg
| footer = (left) Soldiers of the Indian Legion, circa 1943; (right) A [[Sikh]] Soldier of the Azad Hind Fauj at a function in [[Berlin]]
}}
The [[British Indian Army]] organised regiments and units on the basis of religion and regional or caste identity. Bose sought to end this practice and build up one unified Indian identity among the men who would fight for independence. Consequently, the Indian Legion was organised as mixed units so that [[Hindus]], Muslims, [[Sikhs]] all served side by side.{{sfn|Littlejohn|1994|p=127}} Sources gave varying demographics for the Legion. Most sources put the demographics at two third Hindus, and one third other religions such as Muslims, Sikhs and Christians.{{sfn|Hartog|2001|p=66}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-08 |title=A FORGOTTEN ARMY: THE LEGION FREIES INDIEN {{!}} Salute |url=https://salute.co.in/a-forgotten-army-the-legion-freies-indien/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Panag |first=Lt Gen H. S. |date=2017-11-21 |title=The Other Indian National Army |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2017/11/21/the-other-indian-national-army-colours-the-free-india-legion |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Newslaundry}}</ref> According to reports the unit consisted of 59 percent Hindus, 25 percent Muslims, 14 percent Sikhs and 2 percent Christians and Buddhists. (The proportion of Sikhs later rose to as high as 20 per cent). Compared to the distribution in the British Indian Army fighting the Germans, where Muslims made up 34 percent, Hindus 41 percent, and Sikhs 11 percent with Gurkhas and others making up 14 percent, the Indian Legion had a high proportion of Hindus and Sikhs and comparatively few Muslims.{{sfn|Hartog|2001|p=86}} (In fact, the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] was the only major Indian Independence movement that supported the British war effort.)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harrell |first1=Daniel |title=A Man Alone: Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the All- India Muslim League’s Support for the British during World War II |url=https://history.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/804/2019/05/Harrell_AManAlone.pdf |website=history.unc.edu |access-date=13 April 2025}}</ref>

The success of Bose's idea of developing a unified national identity was evident when [[Heinrich Himmler]] proposed in late 1943, after Bose's departure, that the Muslim soldiers of the I.R. 950 be recruited into the new [[13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)|''Handschar'' Division]]. The commander of the [[SS-Hauptamt|SS Head Office]], [[Gottlob Berger]], was obliged to point out that while the Bosnians of the "Handschar" perceived themselves as European, Indian Muslims perceived themselves as Indians.{{sfn|Lepre|1997|p=117}} Hitler, however, showed little enthusiasm for the I.R. 950, at one stage insisting that their weapons be handed over to the newly created [[18th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Horst Wessel|18th SS ''Horst Wessel'' Division]], exclaiming that "…the Indian Legion is a joke!"{{sfn|Littlejohn|1994|p=127}}

===Uniform and standard===
The uniform issued to the Indian Legion were the standard German Army uniform of ''[[feldgrau]]'' in winter and ''[[khaki]]'' in summer. Additionally, the troops wore on their right upper arm a specially designed arm badge in the shape of a shield with three horizontal stripes of saffron, white, and green and with a leaping tiger on the white middle band. The legend ''Freies Indien'' was inscribed in black on a white background above the tricolor. A saffron, white, and green transfer was also worn on the left side of their [[Stahlhelm|steel helmets]], similar to the black, white, and red decal German soldiers wore on their helmets. Sikhs in the legion were permitted to wear a turban as dictated by their religion instead of the usual peaked field cap, of a colour appropriate to their uniform.

The Legion's transfer to the Waffen-SS meant they would be issued new uniforms and insignia. These were to follow the trend among foreign, largely non-Germanic SS units of having their own insignia as opposed to the standard SS runes. In the case of the Indian Legion, this meant most of its members would have a blank collar tab alongside their rank insignia. There was a proposal for the Legion to have their unique collar insignia featuring a tiger's head, though extremely few of these collar tabs were actually manufactured and even less were worn by the Legion's members.

The standard of the Indian Legion, presented as the unit's colours in late 1942 or early 1943, used the same design as the arm badge previously issued to the men of the Legion. It consisted of saffron, white and green horizontal bands, from top to bottom; the white middle band was approximately three times the width of the coloured bands. The words "Azad" and "Hind" in white were inscribed over the saffron and green bands respectively, and over the white middle band was a leaping tiger. This is essentially the same design that the [[Azad Hind Government]] later adopted as their flag (although photographic evidence shows that the Indian National Army, at least during the Burma Campaign, used the ''Swaraj'' flag of the INC instead).{{sfn|Davis|1994|p=42}}

===Decorations===
{{Main|Decorations of Azad Hind}}

In 1942, Bose instituted several medals and orders for service to Azad Hind. As was typical for German decorations, crossed swords were added when they were issued for action in combat. Nearly half of the soldiers of the legion received one of these decorations.{{sfn|Littlejohn|1994|pp=130–132}}

===Structure and units===
The Indian Legion was organised as a standard German army infantry regiment of three battalions of four companies each, at least initially with exclusively German commissioned officers. It has been later referred to as ''Panzergrenadier Regiment 950 (indische)'', indicating the unit was partially motorised.{{sfn|Davis|1994|p=22}} It was equipped with 81 motor vehicles and 700 horses.{{sfn|Caballero Jurado|1983|p=31}} In this structure, the legion came to consist of:
* ''I. Bataillon'' – infantry companies 1 to 4
* ''II. Bataillon'' – infantry companies 5 to 8
* ''III. Bataillon'' – infantry companies 9 to 12
* ''13. Infanteriegeschütz Kompanie'' (infantry-gun company – armed with six [[7.5 cm leichtes Infanteriegeschütz 18]])
* ''14. Panzerjäger Kompanie'' (anti-tank company – armed with six ''[[Panzerabwehrkanone]]'')
* ''15. Pionier Kompanie'' (engineer company)
* ''Ehrenwachkompanie'' (honour guard company)

It also included hospital, training, and maintenance staff.{{sfn|Caballero Jurado|1983|p=31}}

==Operations==
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-J16796, Rommel mit Soldaten der Legion "Freies Indien".jpg|thumb|Field Marshal [[Erwin Rommel]] inspecting a unit of the Indian Legion at the [[Atlantic Wall]] in France, 10 February 1944.]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-J16696, Soldaten der Legion "Freies Indien".jpg|thumb|Shooting at sea targets from the [[Atlantic Wall]] in France, February 1944.]]
It is doubtful that Subhas Chandra Bose envisaged the Free India Legion would ever be an army sufficient or strong enough to conduct an effective campaign across [[Persia]] into India on its own. Instead, the IR 950 was to become a pathfinder, preceding a larger Indo-German force in a Caucasian campaign into the western frontiers of British India, that would encourage public resentment of the Raj and incite the [[British Indian Army]] into revolt.

Following German defeat in Europe at [[Battle of Stalingrad|Stalingrad]] and in North Africa at [[Second Battle of El Alamein|El Alamein]], it became clear that an Axis assault through Persia or even the Soviet Union was unlikely. Meanwhile, Bose had travelled to the [[Far East]], where the Indian National Army was able to engage the Allies alongside the Japanese Army in Burma, and ultimately in northeastern India. The [[Oberkommando der Marine|German Naval High Command]] at this time made the decision to transfer much of the leadership and a segment of the Free India Legion to South Asia, and on 21 January they were formally made a part of the Indian National Army. Most troops of the Indian Legion, however, remained in Europe through the war and were never utilised in their originally planned role.

Adrian Weale has written that about 100 members of the Indian Legion were parachuted into eastern Persia in January 1942 tasked with infiltrating [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioners Province)|Baluchistan Province]] as [[Operation Bajadere]].{{sfn|Weale|1994|pp=137–138}} However, Adrian O'Sullivan has described such an operation as being "mythical", as it was logistically impossible, and there is no documentary evidence of it taking place.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2015|p=171}}

===Netherlands and France===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-263-1580-05, Atlantikwall, Soldaten der Legion "Freies Indien".jpg|thumb|Troops of the Indian Legion at the [[Atlantic Wall]] near Bordeaux, France, March 1944.]]
The legion was transferred to [[Zeeland]] in the Netherlands in April 1943 as part of the [[Atlantic Wall]] and later to France in September 1943, attached to the [[344th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|344th Infantry Division]] and later the [[159th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|159th Infantry Division]] of the ''Wehrmacht''. From Beverloo in Belgium, the 1st Battalion was reassigned to [[Zandvoort]] in May 1943 where they stayed until relieved by the [[Georgian Legion (1941–1945)|Georgian Legion]] in August. In September 1943, the battalion was deployed on the Atlantic coast of [[Bordeaux]] on the [[Bay of Biscay]]. The 2nd Battalion moved from Beverloo to the island of [[Texel]] in May 1943 and stayed there until relieved that September. From here, it was deployed to [[Les Sables-d'Olonne]] in France.{{sfn|Houterman|1997|p= 63}} The 3rd Battalion remained at [[Oldebroek]] as Corps Reserve until the end of September 1943,{{sfn|Houterman|1997|p= 63}} where they gained a "wild and loathsome"<ref name=Thomson/> reputation amongst the locals.

===Transfer to the ''Waffen-SS''===
The legion was stationed in the [[Lacanau]] (near [[Bordeaux]]) at the time of the [[Normandy landings]], and remained there for up to two months after [[D-Day]]. In July 1944, the legion was tasked with suppressing the [[French Resistance]] and capturing civilians for [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]]. Whilst suppressing the French resistance in August 1944, 25 legionaries deserted to the French Resistance. Despite being promised that they would be handed over to Allied Forces, the group of legionaries were executed by anarchist elements of the resistance.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oesterheld |first1=Joachhim |title=The Last Chapter of the Indian Legion |journal=Focus: South Asia and the World Wars |date=2015 |url=https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/18452/9147/34.pdf?sequence=1}}</ref> On 8 August 1944 Himmler authorised the legion's control to be transferred to the ''[[Waffen-SS]]'', as was that of every other foreign volunteer unit of the German Army.{{sfn|Littlejohn|1994|p=127}}

The unit was renamed the ''Indische Freiwilligen Legion der Waffen-SS''. Command of the legion was very shortly transferred from [[Obersturmbannführer]] Kurt Krapp to ''Oberführer'' Heinz Bertling. The Indian personnel noticed a change of command was at hand and started to complain. Noting he wasn't "wanted", Bertling soon agreed to be relieved of command.{{sfn|Munoz|2002}} On 15 August, the unit pulled out of Lacanau to make its way back to Germany. On the second leg of this journey, from [[Poitiers]] to [[Châteauroux]], it suffered its first combat casualty, Lieutenant Ali Khan, while engaging French regular forces in the town of [[Dun-le-Poëlier|Dun]]. The unit also engaged with Allied [[armoured forces|armour]] at [[Nuits-Saint-Georges]] while retreating across the [[Loire]] to [[Dijon]]. It was regularly harassed by the French Resistance, suffering two more casualties (Lieutenant Kalu Ram and Captain Mela Ram). The unit moved from [[Remiremont]] through [[Alsace]] to [[Lager Heuberg|Camp Heuberg]] in Germany in the winter of 1944,{{sfn|Davis|1994|p=22}} where it stayed until March 1945.

===Italy===
The 9th Company of the Legion (from the 2nd Battalion) also saw action in Italy. Having been deployed in the spring of 1944, it faced the British [[V Corps (United Kingdom)|V Corps]] and the Polish [[II Corps (Poland)|II Corps]], until it was withdrawn from the front to be used in [[Anti-partisan operations in World War II|anti-partisan operations]]. It surrendered in Italy to the Allied forces in April 1945.{{sfn|Munoz|2002}}

===End of the Legion===
With the defeat of the Third Reich imminent in May 1945, the remainder of the Indian Legion stationed in Germany sought sanctuary in neutral Switzerland. They undertook a desperate {{convert|2.6|km|mi|adj=on}} march along the shores of [[Lake Constance]], attempting to enter Switzerland via the alpine passes. This was unsuccessful, and the legion was captured by US and French forces and delivered to British and Indian forces in Europe.<ref name=Augsburger>{{cite news|url=http://uk-muenchen.de/pdfPresse/20000819_AZ.pdf |title=Subhas Chandra Bose: Er wollte Freiheit für Indien|language=de|newspaper= Augsburger Zeitung|date=19 August 2000}}</ref> The captured troops were later shipped back to India, where a number were tried for treason.{{sfn|Davis|1994|p=22}} After the uproar [[Indian National Army trials|the trials of Indians who served with the Axis]] caused among civilians and the military of British India, the legion members' sentences were commuted.

==Legacy==
{{further|Indian National Army trials}}

The integral association of the Free India Legion with Nazi Germany and the other Axis powers means its legacy is seen from two viewpoints, similarly to other nationalist movements that were aligned with Germany during the war, such as the Russian [[Russian Liberation Movement|Vlasov movement]]. One viewpoint sees it as a collaborationist unit of the Third Reich; the other views it as the realisation of a liberation army to fight against the British Raj.<ref name=DIL>{{cite journal|title=Die indische Legion – Ein Stück Deutsche Geschichte|first= Urmila|last= Goel|url=http://www.urmila.de/UDG/Biblio/legion.html|journal=Südasien|language=de|year= 2003|issue=4|pages=27–30}}</ref>

Unlike the Indian National Army, conceived with the same doctrine,<ref name=Syonan>{{cite news|title=Axis War Makes Easier Task of Indians. Chandra Bose's Berlin Speech|newspaper=Syonan Sinbun|date=26 January 1943}}</ref> it has had little exposure since the end of the war, even in independent India. This is because it was far removed from India, unlike Burma, and because the Legion was so much smaller than the INA and was not engaged in its originally conceived role.<ref name=DIL/> Bose's plans for the Legion, and even the INA, were too grandiose for their military capability, and their fate was too strongly tied to that of the Axis powers.{{sfn|Lebra|1971|pp=190–191}} Looking at the legacy of Azad Hind, however, historians consider both movements' military and political actions (of which the Legion was one of the earliest elements, and an integral part of Bose's plans) and the indirect effect they had on the era's events.

In German histories of the Second World War, the Legion is noted less than other foreign volunteer units. Film-maker and author {{ill|Merle Kröger|de}}, however, made the 2003 mystery novel ''Cut!'' about soldiers from the Legion in France. She said she found them an excellent topic for a mystery because scarcely any Germans had heard of the Indians who volunteered for the German Army.<ref name=DIL/>

===Perceptions as collaborators===
In considering the history of the Free India Legion, the most controversial aspect is its integral link to Nazi Germany, with a widespread perception that they were [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy|collaborators with Nazi Germany]] by virtue of their uniform, oath and field of operation. The views of the founder and leader of the Azad Hind movement, Subhas Chandra Bose, were, however, somewhat more nuanced than straightforward support for the Axis. During the 1930s Bose had organised and led protest marches against Japanese imperialism, and wrote an article attacking Japanese imperialism, although expressing admiration for other aspects of the Japanese regime.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bose|first=Subhas|title=Japan's Role in the Far East|journal=Modern Review |date= October 1937|quote=Japan has done great things for herself and for Asia. Her reawakening at the dawn of the present century sent a thrill throughout our Continent. Japan has shattered the white man's prestige in the Far East and has put all the Western imperialist powers on the defensive – not only in the military but also in the economic sphere. She is extremely sensitive – and rightly so – about her self-respect as an Asiatic race. She is determined to drive out the Western powers from the Far East. But could not all this have been achieved without Imperialism, without dismembering the Chinese Republic, without humiliating another proud, cultured and ancient race? No, with all our admiration for Japan, where such admiration is due, our whole heart goes out to China in her hour of trial.}}, cited in {{harvnb|Bose|Bose|1997|p=190}}</ref> Bose's correspondence prior to 1939 also showed his deep disapproval of the racist practices and annulment of democratic institutions by the Nazis.<ref>Bose to Dr. Thierfelder of the Deutsche Akademie, Kurhaus Hochland, Badgastein, 25 March 1936. "Today I regret that I have to return to India with the conviction that the new nationalism of Germany is not only narrow and selfish but arrogant. The recent speech of Herr Hitler in Munich gives the essence of Nazi philosophy…The new racial philosophy which has a very weak scientific foundation stands for the glorification of the white races in general and the German race in particular. Herr Hitler has talked of the destiny of white races to rule over the rest of the world. But the historical fact is that up till now the Asiatics have dominated Europe more than have the Europeans dominated Asia. One only has to consider the repeated invasions of Europe by [[Mongols]], the Turks, the Arabs ([[Moors]]), the [[Huns]] and other Asiatic races to understand the strength of my argument…", cited in {{harvnb|Bose|Bose1997|p=155}}</ref> He nonetheless expressed admiration for the authoritarian methods which he saw in Italy and Germany during the 1930s, and thought they could be used in building an independent India.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sen|first=S. |year=1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305012751/http://www.andaman.org/book/app-m/textm.htm |title=Subhas Chandra Bose 1897–1945|url=http://www.andaman.org/book/app-m/textm.htm|publisher=Andaman Association |archive-date=5 March 2005}}</ref>

Bose's view was not necessarily shared by the men of the Free India Legion, and they were not wholly party to Nazi ideology or in collaboration with the Nazi machinery. The Legion's volunteers were not merely motivated by the chance to escape imprisonment and earn money. Indeed, when the first POWs were brought to Annaburg and met with Subhas Chandra Bose, there was marked and open hostility towards him as a Nazi propaganda puppet.{{sfn|Toye|1959|p=63}} Once Bose's efforts and views had gained more sympathy, a persistent query among the POWs was 'How would the legionary stand in relation to the German soldier?'.{{sfn|Toye|1959|p=63}} The Indians were not prepared to simply fight for Germany's interests, after abandoning their oath to the King-Emperor. The Free India Centre—in charge of the legion after the departure of Bose—faced a number of grievances from legionaries. The foremost were that Bose had abandoned them and left them entirely in German hands, and a perception that the ''Wehrmacht'' was now going to use them in the Western Front instead of sending them to fight for independence.{{sfn|James|1997|p=553}}

The attitude of the Legion's soldiers was similar to that of the Italian ''[[Battaglione Azad Hindoustan]]'', which had been of dubious loyalty to the Axis cause—it was disbanded after a mutiny.<ref name="Public Relations Office"/>{{sfn|James|1997|p=598}} In one instance, immediately prior to the first deployment of the Legion in the Netherlands in April 1943, after the departure of the 1st Battalion from Königsbrück, two companies within the 2nd Battalion refused to move until convinced by Indian leaders.{{sfn|James|1997|p=553}} Even in Asia, where the Indian National Army was much larger and fought the British directly, Bose faced similar obstacles at first. All of this goes to show that many of the men never possessed loyalty to the Nazi cause or ideology; the motivation of the Legion's men was to fight for India's independence.{{sfn|James|1997|p=553}} The unit did allegedly participate in atrocities, especially in the Médoc region in July 1944,{{sfn|Lormier|1998|pages=35–36}} and in the region of Ruffec, including rapes and child murder,<ref name=Thomson>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3684288.stm|publisher= BBC|title= Hitler's Secret Indian Army|work=BBC News|first=Mike|last=Thomson|date= 23 September 2004 }}</ref> and in the department of [[Indre]] during their retreat,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alaingievis.chez.com/HINDOUS/hindou.html|title= Le passage des Hindous dans le département de l'Indre (fin août 1944)|publisher= French official public archives, presented and annotated by Jean-Louis Laubry|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403001912/http://alaingievis.chez.com/HINDOUS/hindou.html|archive-date=3 April 2012}}</ref> and some elements of the unit also undertook anti-partisan operations in Italy.

=== Role in Indian independence ===
However, events that occurred within India after the war indicate that in political terms Bose may have been successful.<ref name="Public Relations Office">Public Relations Office, London. War Office. 208/761A</ref>{{sfn|James|1997|p=598}} After the war, the soldiers and officers of the Free India Legion were brought as prisoners to India, where they were to be brought to trial in [[courts-martial]] along with Indians who had been in the INA. Their stories were seen as so inflammatory that, fearing mass revolts and uprisings across the empire, the British government forbade the [[BBC]] from broadcasting about them after the war.<ref name=Thomson/> Not much is known of any charges made against Free India Legion soldiers, but sentences issued following the [[Indian National Army trials]] that were initiated were commuted, or charges dropped, after widespread protest and several mutinies.

As a condition of independence readily agreed to by the INC, members of the Free India Legion and INA were not allowed to serve in the post-independence Indian military, but they were all released before independence.{{sfn|Günther|2003|pp=112–113}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Germany}}
*[[Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind]]
*[[Battaglione Azad Hindoustan]]
*[[British Free Corps]]
*[[Free Arabian Legion]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Works cited ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|first=Judith |last=Brown|title=Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|year= 1999|series= The Short Oxford History of the Modern World |edition=2nd}}
* {{cite book|title=The Essential Writings of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose|editor-last=Bose|editor-first=Sisir K.|editor-link2=Sugata Bose|editor2-last=Bose|editor2-first= Sugata|location=Delhi|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1997}}
* {{cite book|last=Caballero Jurado|first=Carlos|year=1983|title= Foreign Volunteers of the Wehrmacht 1941–45|publisher=Osprey|location=Oxford|isbn= 0850455243}}
* {{cite book|last=Davis|first=Brian L.|year=1994|title=Flags of the Third Reich 2: Waffen-SS|publisher=Osprey|location=Oxford}}
* {{cite book|last=Ganpuley|first= N. G.|title=Netaji in Germany: A Little-known Chapter|location=Bombay|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|year= 1959}}
* {{cite book|last=Günther|first=Luther|year=2003|title=Von Indien nach Annaburg: Indische Legion und Kriegsfegangene in Deutschland|location=Berlin|publisher=verlag am park|isbn=3-89793-065-X|language=de}}
* {{cite book|first=Rudolf |last=Hartog|title=The Sign of the Tiger: Subhas Chandra Bose and His Indian Legion in Germany, 1941–45|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=347sV7u6JqIC|year=2001|publisher=Rupa & Company|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7167-547-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Houterman|first=J. N.|title=Eastern Troops in Zeeland, The Netherlands, 1943–1945: Hitler's Osttruppen in the West|publisher= Academic Publishing Group |location= New York |isbn= 1891227009 |year=1997}}
* {{cite book|last=James|first= Lawrence|title= Raj: Making and Unmaking of British India|publisher= Abacus | location= Preston, Lancashire |year= 1997}}
* {{cite book|last=Kurowski|first=F.|publisher= [[J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing|J.J. Fedorowicz]]|location=Winnipeg|title=The Brandenburgers: Global Mission|others=trans. D. Johnston|year=1997|isbn= 092199138X}}
* {{cite book|last=Lebra|first=Joyce C.|title=Jungle Alliance: Japan and the Indian National Army|year=1971|location=Singapore|publisher=Asia Pacific Library }}
* {{cite book|last=Lepre|first= George|title=Himmler's Bosnian Division: The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943–1945|year=1997|publisher= [[Schiffer Publishing|Schiffer Military History]]|location= Atglen, Pennsylvania|isbn= 0764301349}}
* {{cite book|last=Littlejohn|first=David|title=Foreign Legions of the Third Reich|publisher=R. James Bender|location=San Jose, California|orig-year=1987|edition=2nd|year=1994|volume=IV: Poland, the Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, Free India, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland and Russia|isbn=0-912138-36-X}}
* {{cite book|first=Dominique|last= Lormier|title=La poche du Médoc|publisher=Éditions CMD|location= Montreuil-Bellay|isbn= 2909826716 |language=fr|year=1998}}
* {{cite book|last=Lundari|first=G.|title=I Paracadutisti Italiani 1937/45|year=1989|language=it|publisher= Editrice Militare Italiana|location=Milan}}
* {{cite book|last=Munoz|first=A. J.|title=The East Came West: Muslim, Hindu & Buddhist Volunteers in the German Armed Forces, 1941–1945|isbn= 978-1891227394|publisher=Academic Publishing Books|year= 2002}}
*{{cite book|last1=O'Sullivan|first1=Adrian|title=Espionage and Counterintelligence in Occupied Persia (Iran): The Success of the Allied Secret Services, 1941-45|date=2015|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1137555571}}
* {{cite book|first=Rolf-Dieter|last= Müller|chapter=Afghanistan als militärisches Ziel deutscher Außenpolitik im Zeitalter der Weltkriege|editor-first= Bernhard |editor-last=Chiari |publisher=Auftrag des MGFA|title=Wegweiser zur Geschichte Afghanistans|location=Paderborn |year=2009|isbn= 978-3-506-76761-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Toye|first=Hugh|title=The Springing Tiger|location= London|publisher= Cassell|year=1959}}
* {{cite book|last=Weale|first=Adrian|year=1994|title=Renegades: Hitler's Englishmen|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|isbn= 0297814885 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commonscatinline}}
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3684288.stm Hitler's secret Indian army] – BBC News
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2m_pl1-V6hk&list=TLPQMDgwODIwMjCWuHIBF1qoeQ&index=1 The Free India Legion, Hitler's Indian soldiers] – France 24
{{Indian National Army}}
{{Subhas Chandra Bose|state=collapsed}}
{{Indian independence movement}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Disbanded armies]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in India]]
[[Category:Foreign volunteer units of the Wehrmacht]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Infantry regiments of Germany]]
[[Category:Legions of the Waffen-SS]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1942]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1945]]
[[Category:National liberation armies]]
[[Category:Subhas Chandra Bose]]
[[Category:Fascism in India]]
[[Category:Fascist movements]]
[[Category:Indian collaborators with Nazi Germany]]

2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election

2026-03-20T07:21:03Z

KateCurmi92:

{{short description|Indian state election}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2021 Keralam Legislative Assembly election
| country = India
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 2016
| outgoing_members = 14th Kerala Assembly
| election_date = {{start date|2021|04|06|df=yes}}
| elected_members = 15th Kerala Assembly
| next_election = 2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 2026
| seats_for_election = All [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly|140 seats]] in the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 71
| opinion_polls = #Opinion polls
| registered = 27,503,768<ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13827-kerala-general-legislative-election-2021/|title=General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Kerala, 2021|work=Election Commission of India|accessdate=24 February 2026}}</ref>
| turnout = 76% ({{decrease}} 1.53 [[percentage point|pp]])
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan 2023.tif|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=5|oTop=10}}
| leader1 = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| party1 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| alliance1 = Left Democratic Front (Kerala)
| leader_since1 = 2016
| leaders_seat1 = [[Dharmadam Assembly constituency|Dharmadam]]
| last_election1 = 58
| seats1 = '''62'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 4
| popular_vote1 = '''10,555,616'''
| percentage1 = '''25.38%'''
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Ramesh-chennithala-3453.jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=5|oTop=0}}
| leader2 = [[Ramesh Chennithala]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| alliance2 = United Democratic Front (Kerala)
| leader_since2 = 2016
| leaders_seat2 = [[Haripad Assembly constituency|Haripad]]
| last_election2 = 22
| seats2 = 22
| seat_change2 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote2 = 8,196,813
| percentage2 = 25.12%
| 1blank = Alliance seats
| 1data1 = '''99'''
| 1data2 = 41
| 2blank = Alliance seat change
| 2data1 = {{increase}} 8
| 2data2 = {{decrease}} 6
| map_image = {{Switcher|[[File:2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election results by constituency.svg|300px]]|Results by constituency (shaded)|[[File:2021 Kerala election result.svg|300px]]|Results by constituency (winners)|[[File:2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly Election Alliance Wise Result Map.svg|300px]]|Alliance wise result}}
| map2_image = [[File:Niyamasabha 2021.svg|300px]]
| map2_caption = Composition of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] after the election
| title = [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| before_party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| after_election = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| after_party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
}}

The '''2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election''' was held in [[Kerala]] on 6 April 2021 to elect 140 [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|member]]s to the 15th [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]. The results were declared on 2 May.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/assembly-election-dates-announcement-live-updates/article33941087.ece|title=Kerala, TN, Puducherry to go to polls on April 6; 3 phase polling for Assam, 8-phase elections for Bengal|newspaper=The Hindu|date=26 February 2021|access-date=28 February 2021|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503124445/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/assembly-election-dates-announcement-live-updates/article33941087.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

The election saw the incumbent [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front (LDF)]] in a historic win retaining power with 99 seats, 8 more than in the [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|previous election]], marking the first time that an alliance won consecutive terms in the state since [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]].<ref name = "TH34223850">{{Cite news|last=Govind|first=Biju|date=2021-04-02|title=Will anti-incumbency be the joker in the Kerala poll?|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/will-anti-incumbency-be-the-joker-in-the-kerala-poll/article34223850.ece|access-date=2021-05-01|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206090853/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/will-anti-incumbency-be-the-joker-in-the-kerala-poll/article34223850.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front (UDF)]] won the remaining 41 seats, 6 less than in the previous election. The [[National Democratic Alliance|National Democratic Alliance (NDA)]] received a dip in vote share and lost their lone seat.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Assembly Election Results 2021|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/result/kerala-assembly-election-2021/|access-date=2021-05-02|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502134449/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/result/kerala-assembly-election-2021/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] became the first [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister of Kerala]] to be re-elected after completing a full, five-year term in office.<ref>{{Cite news|title=LDF shatters Kerala's 40-year record, Pinarayi Vijayan now the Marxist Helmsman|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/kerala/ldf-shatters-keralas-40-year-record-pinarayi-vijayan-now-the-marxist-helmsman/articleshow/82359214.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-05-03|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206100814/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/kerala/ldf-shatters-keralas-40-year-record-pinarayi-vijayan-now-the-marxist-helmsman/articleshow/82359214.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Happy Anniversary മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി പിണറായി വിജയനും ഭാര്യ കമലയ്ക്കും വിവാഹ വാര്‍ഷിക ആശംസകളുമായി മുഹമ്മദ് റിയാസ്|url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/kerala/muhammed-riyas-wedding-anniversary-wishes-to-pinarayi-vijayan-and-kamala-as-281719.html|access-date=2021-04-21|website=News 18 Malayalam|date=2 September 2020 |language=ml|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502160732/https://malayalam.news18.com/amp/news/kerala/mp-abdusamad-samadani-wins-malappuram-lok-sabha-by-election-jk-377869.html?pv_candidate=1|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Background ==
Kerala has a unicameral house of legislation, Niyamasabha, consisting of 140 members elected from individual constituencies and one nominated member from the [[Anglo-Indian|Anglo-Indian community]]. Members are elected for a period of five years, unless the assembly is dissolved earlier. Fourteen and two constituencies respectively are reserved for members belonging to [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST)]]. The tenure of the members of the [[14th Kerala Assembly|14th Legislative Assembly]] in the state ended on 1 June 2021.<ref name="el1">{{cite web|url=https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/|title=Term of houses in Indian legislatures|access-date=23 September 2020|archive-date=28 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328103956/https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As with all assembly elections in India, Kerala uses [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]] election system. Voters are given a provision to vote NOTA (None Of The Above). State Election Commission, Kerala conducts the assembly election and is overseen by [[Election Commission of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CEO Kerala :: About Us |url=http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/aboutus.html |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=www.ceo.kerala.gov.in |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309181717/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/aboutus.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Changes in alliance compositions ===
In the previous election in 2016, the LDF bagged 91 seats in the assembly, defeating the incumbent UDF, led by the [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]], which could only win 47 seats in the election. The remaining seat was won by an independent, [[P. C. George]], who later formed the party [[Kerala Janapaksham (Secular)]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/assembly-elections/live-assembly-poll-results-counting-of-votes-in-tamil-nadu-kerala-assam-west-bengal-puducherry/story-nmYc0zJVdyQ25jUFRZsGrN.html|title=As it happened: TMC, AIADMK retain power; BJP takes Assam, Left Kerala|date=19 May 2016|newspaper=Hindustan Times|access-date=11 August 2019|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629120216/https://www.hindustantimes.com/assembly-elections/live-assembly-poll-results-counting-of-votes-in-tamil-nadu-kerala-assam-west-bengal-puducherry/story-nmYc0zJVdyQ25jUFRZsGrN.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

After being suspended from UDF, [[Kerala Congress (M)]], led by [[Jose K. Mani]], joined LDF. However, a faction of the party, led by [[P. J. Joseph]], remained in UDF and formed [[Kerala Congress]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=UDF suspends Jose Mani faction of Kerala Congress (M), leaves door open for LDF to make a move|url=https://theprint.in/politics/udf-suspends-jose-mani-faction-of-kerala-congress-m-leaves-door-open-for-return-to-ldf/451855/|first=Vinod|last=Mathew|date=30 June 2020|access-date=22 September 2020|work=The print|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030123456/https://theprint.in/politics/udf-suspends-jose-mani-faction-of-kerala-congress-m-leaves-door-open-for-return-to-ldf/451855/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Led by Jose K Mani, Kerala Congress (M) faction switches to LDF|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala/kerala-congress-m-to-join-ldf-jose-k-mani-to-quit-rajya-sabha-6724564/|last=Philip|first=Shaju|date=15 October 2020|access-date=15 October 2020|work=The Indian Express|archive-date=25 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025135825/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala/kerala-congress-m-to-join-ldf-jose-k-mani-to-quit-rajya-sabha-6724564/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Another major change that occurred after 2016 was the entry of 4 parties, including [[Loktantrik Janata Dal]] and [[Indian National League]], into LDF.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 December 2018 |title=Kerala: Four new parties find berths in LDF |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/four-new-parties-find-berths-in-ldf/articleshow/67263056.cms |access-date=22 September 2020 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506121133/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/four-new-parties-find-berths-in-ldf/articleshow/67263056.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2020 local elections ===
In the [[2020 Kerala local elections]] held in December, LDF performed strong, including a lead in 11 out of 14 [[District council (India)|district panchayats]] in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-16 |title=Explained: Why Kerala local body election results are a victory for Pinarayi Vijayan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/kerala-local-body-election-results-explained-pinarayi-vijayan-ldf-7107149/ |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=20 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520100841/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/kerala-local-body-election-results-explained-pinarayi-vijayan-ldf-7107149/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The induction of Kerala Congress (M) gave inroads to LDF in the traditional UDF strongholds of [[Kottayam district]] and nearby areas with large number of [[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian]] voters.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-19 |title=Explained: Why has Kerala Congress (M) decided to switch to the LDF? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-why-has-udf-veteran-k-m-manis-son-jose-decided-to-switch-to-the-ldf-in-kerala-6724890/ |access-date=2021-04-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=4 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504030729/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-why-has-udf-veteran-k-m-manis-son-jose-decided-to-switch-to-the-ldf-in-kerala-6724890/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

After the local elections, [[A. Vijayaraghavan]], the new state secretary of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], repeatedly alleged that UDF had secret alliance with the fundamentalist organisations like [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind|Jamaat-e-Islami]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 January 2021 |title=UDF expanding ties with fundamentalists: CPI(M) |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/udf-expanding-ties-with-fundamentalists-cpim/article33698231.ece |access-date=20 May 2021 |archive-date=2 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302155248/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/udf-expanding-ties-with-fundamentalists-cpim/article33698231.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=6 February 2021 |title=Communal discourse in run-up to Kerala elections |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/editorials/2021/feb/06/communal-discourse-in-run-up-to-kerala-elections-2260264.html |access-date=20 May 2021 |archive-date=20 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520102112/https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/editorials/2021/feb/06/communal-discourse-in-run-up-to-kerala-elections-2260264.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2021 ===
In February 2021, [[Nationalist Congress Party|Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)]] leader [[Mani C. Kappan]], the sitting MLA of [[Pala Assembly constituency|Pala constituency]], switched to the UDF after the LDF denied his request to contest in Pala constituency in the election. This resulted in his expulsion from NCP, following which he formed a new political party named [[Nationalist Congress Kerala]] (NCK).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mani C Kappan announces new party 'NCK' |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/mani-c-kappan-announces-new-party-nck--1.5461082 |website=Mathrubhumi |date=22 February 2021 |access-date=2 May 2021 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422070324/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/mani-c-kappan-announces-new-party-nck--1.5461082 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2021, R. Balasankar, leader of [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] from [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]], claimed that the Kerala leadership of BJP had struck a secret deal with [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] to weaken and ensure the defeat of UDF, a claim denied by BJP.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=18 March 2021 |title=Balashankar insists there's a secret BJP-CPM deal in select seats |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/balashankar-insists-theres-a-secret-bjp-cpm-deal-in-select-seats/articleshow/81557375.cms |access-date=20 May 2021 |archive-date=20 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520144349/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/balashankar-insists-theres-a-secret-bjp-cpm-deal-in-select-seats/articleshow/81557375.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |title=BJP rejects Balashankar's charge of secret deal with CPI(M) in some constituencies in Kerala |work=Deccan Herald |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/bjp-rejects-balashankars-charge-of-secret-deal-with-cpim-in-some-constituencies-in-kerala-963038.html |access-date=20 May 2021 |archive-date=20 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520144354/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/bjp-rejects-balashankars-charge-of-secret-deal-with-cpim-in-some-constituencies-in-kerala-963038.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 17 March 2021, [[P. C. Thomas]] announced the merger of his party with P. J. Joseph's Kerala Congress, with him being its Deputy Chairman.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=P C Thomas to quit NDA; to merge with P J Joseph |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/p-c-thomas-to-quit-nda-to-merge-with-p-j-joseph-1.5522785 |access-date=2021-03-17 |website=Mathrubhumi |date=17 March 2021 |language=en |archive-date=17 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317042813/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/p-c-thomas-to-quit-nda-to-merge-with-p-j-joseph-1.5522785 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Schedule==
[[File:Legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala.svg|thumbnail|List of constituencies]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! scope="col" | Election event
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Day
|----
| Date of issue of gazette notification || 12/03/2021 || Friday
|-
| Last date for filing nomination || 19/03/2021 || Friday
|-
| Scrutiny of nomination || 20/03/2021 || Saturday
|-
| Last date of withdrawal of candidature || 22/03/2021 || Monday
|-
| Date of polling || 06/04/2021 || Tuesday
|-
| Date of counting || 02/05/2021 || Sunday
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Final voters list for 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
!Group of voters
!Voters population
|-
|Male
|13,283,724
|-
|Female
|14,162,025
|-
|Transgender
|290
|-
|'''Total voters'''
|'''27,446,039'''
|}
<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-03-22|title=2,74,46,039 voters in Kerala|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/27446039-voters-in-state/article34134477.ece|access-date=2021-04-08|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=4 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404092419/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/27446039-voters-in-state/article34134477.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Parties and alliances ==
The Left Democratic Front (LDF) is a coalition of [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] political parties, led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPIM). The United Democratic Front (UDF) is an alliance of [[Centrism|centrist]] to [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] political parties led by the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC). The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) led by [[Bharatiya Janata party|Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) is a coalition of [[Centrism|centrist]] to [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] parties.

=== Left Democratic Front ===

{{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[Left Democratic Front]]}}

An alliance of [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] political parties, the LDF is currently in power. The coalition consists of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]], [[Communist Party of India|CPI]], and several smaller parties.

[[File:Constituencies contested by LDF allies.png|alt=LDF's seat sharing map for the 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|thumb|291x291px| Left Democratic Front seat sharing map]]

{| class="wikitable" width="60%" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Photo
! Seats contested
! Male
! Female
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|50px]]
| [[A. Vijayaraghavan]]
| [[File:A. Vijayaraghavan.jpg|center|frameless|50px]]
| 77
| 65
| 12
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
| [[File:CPI-banner.svg|50px]]
| [[File:CPI symbol.svg|60px]]
| [[Kanam Rajendran]]
| [[File:KANAM RAJENDRAN DSC 0121.A.JPG|alt=|center|frameless|50px]]
| 23
| 21
| 2
|-
| {{party color cell|Kerala Congress (M)}}
| [[Kerala Congress (M)|KEC(M)]]
| [[File:Kerala-Congress-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian election symbol two leaves.svg|50px]]
| [[Jose K Mani|Jose K. Mani]]
| [[File:Jose K. Mani, MP.jpg|center|frameless|50px]]
| 12
| 11
| 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
| [[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]]
| [[File:JD(S) Flag.png|50px]]
| [[File:Indian election symbol female farmer.svg|50px]]
| [[Mathew T. Thomas]]
| [[File:Mathew-T-Thomas.jpg|center|frameless|50px]]
| 4
| 4
| 0
|-
| {{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| [[File:NCP-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Nationalist Congress Party Election Symbol.png|50px]]
| [[T. P. Peethambaran]]
| [[File:T.P. Peethambaran.jpg|center|frameless|50px]]
| 3
| 3
| 0
|-
| {{party color cell|Loktantrik Janata Dal}}
| [[Loktantrik Janata Dal|LJD]]
| [[File:Loktantrik Janata Dal Flag.png|50px]]
|
| [[M. V. Shreyams Kumar]]
| [[File:MV Shreyams Kumar.jpg|center|frameless|50px]]
| 3
| 3
| 0
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National League}}
| [[Indian National League|INL]]
| [[File:INL FLAG.png|50px]]
|
| A. P. Abdul Wahab
| [[File:AbdulWahab-INL.jpg|center|frameless|50px]]
| 3
| 3
| 0
|-
| {{party color cell|Congress (Secular)}}
| [[Congress (Secular)|CON(S)]]
| [[File:Congress (Secular) Flag.png|50px]]
|
| [[Kadannappalli Ramachandran]]
| [[File:Kadannappally Ramachandran.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|50px]]
| 1
| 1
| 0
|-
| {{party color cell|Kerala Congress (B)}}
| [[Kerala Congress (B)|KEC(B)]]
| [[File:Kerala-Congress-flag.svg|frameless|50px]]
|
| [[R. Balakrishna Pillai]]
| [[File:R Balakrishna Pillai.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|50px]]
| 1
| 1
| 0
|-
| {{party color cell|Janadhipathya Kerala Congress}}
| [[Janadhipathya Kerala Congress|JKC]]
| [[File:Kerala-Congress-flag.svg|frameless|50px]]
|
| [[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]
| [[File:Dr K C Joseph.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|50px]]
| 1
| 1
| 0
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent politician}}
| [[Independent politician|Independents]]
|
|
|
|
| 12
| 12
| 0
|-
|
| colspan="4" | '''Total'''
|
| 140
| 125
| 15
|}

=== United Democratic Front (Kerala) ===

{{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)]]}}

It is an alliance of [[Centrism|centrist]] to [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] political parties in the state, founded by the prominent Congress party leader [[K. Karunakaran]] in 1978.
[[File:Kerala UDF allies Constituency Sharing map.png|alt=UDF's seat sharing map for the 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|thumb|291x291px|United Democratic Front seat sharing map]]

{| class="wikitable" width="60%" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Photo
! Seats contested
! Male
! Female
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:INC Hand.svg|50px]]
| [[Mullappally Ramachandran]]
| [[File:Shri Mullappally Ramachandran taking over the charge of the Minister of State for Home Affairs, in New Delhi on May 30, 2009.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|50px]]
| 93
| 83
| 10
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian Union Muslim League}}
| [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]
| [[File:Flag of the Indian Union Muslim League.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lader.svg|50px]]
| [[Sayed Hyderali Shihab Thangal]]
| [[File:Sayed Hyderali Shihab Thangal BNC.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|50px]]
| 25
| 24
| 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Kerala Congress}}
| [[Kerala Congress|KEC]]
| [[File:Kerala-Congress-flag.svg|50px]]
|
| [[P. J. Joseph]]
| [[File:P.J Joseph.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|50px]]
| 10
| 10
| 0
|-
| {{party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]
| [[File:RSP-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png|50px]]
| [[A. A. Aziz]]
| [[File:A A Azeez.JPG|alt=|center|frameless|50px]]
| 5
| 5
| 0
|-
| {{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
| [[Nationalist Congress Kerala|NCK]]
|
|
| [[Mani C. Kappan]]
| [[File:Mani C.Kappan.JPG|center|frameless|50px]]
| 2
| 2
| 0
|-
| {{party color cell|Kerala Congress (Jacob)}}
| [[Kerala Congress (Jacob)|KEC(J)]]
| [[File:Kerala-Congress-flag.svg|50px]]
|
| [[Anoop Jacob]]
| [[File:Anoop jacob.JPG|alt=|center|frameless|50px]]
| 1
| 1
| 0
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Marxist Party}}
| [[Communist Marxist Party|CMP]]
| [[File:CMP-banner.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Battery-Torch.png|50px]]
| [[C. P. John]]
| [[File:C.P.John.jpg|center|frameless|50px]]
| 1
| 1
| 0
|-
| {{party color cell|Revolutionary Marxist Party of India}}
| [[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India|RMPI]]
| [[File:RMPI flag.jpg|50px]]
|
| N. Venu
| [[File:N. Venu.jpg|center|frameless|50px]]
| 1
| 0
| 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent politician}}
| [[Independent politician|Independents]]
|
|
|
|
| 2
| 2
| 0
|-
|
| colspan="4" | '''Total'''
|
| 140
| 128
| 12
|}

=== National Democratic Alliance ===

{{legend2|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|[[National Democratic Alliance]]}}

It is an alliance of [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] parties. NDA Kerala unit was constituted in 2016. The coalition consists of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[Bharath Dharma Jana Sena]],[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] and a variety of other smaller parties.<ref>{{Cite news|title=NDA constitutes its unit in Kerala|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/NDA-constitutes-its-unit-in-Kerala/article15000965.ece|date=27 September 2016|access-date=22 September 2020|work=The Hindu|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108103336/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/NDA-constitutes-its-unit-in-Kerala/article15000965.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Constituencies contested by NDA allies.png|alt=NDA's seat sharing map for the 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|thumb|291x291px|National Democratic Alliance seat sharing map]]
{| class="wikitable" width="60%" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Photo
! Seats contested
! Male
! Female
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]
| [[K. Surendran (politician)|K. Surendran]]
| [[File:K. Surendran (Kerala politician).jpg|alt=|center|frameless|100px]]
| 113
| 98
| 15
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharath Dharma Jana Sena}}
| [[Bharath Dharma Jana Sena|BDJS]]
| [[File:Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Flag.png|50px]]
|
| Thushar Vellapally
| [[File:Thushar Vellapally.png|center|frameless|100px]]
| 21
| 17
| 4
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
| [[File:AIADMK Flag.svg|50px]]
|
| G. Shobakumar<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/aiadmk-plans-tn-model-alliance-in-state/article33955761.ece "AIADMK plans T.N. model alliance in State"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228193807/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/aiadmk-plans-tn-model-alliance-in-state/article33955761.ece |date=28 February 2021 }}. ''The Hindu''. 28 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.</ref>
|
| 2
| 1{{Efn|NDA endorsed a dummy AIADMK candidate after their initially chosen candidate had their nomination papers rejected.}}
| 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Kerala Kamaraj Congress}}
| [[Kerala Kamaraj Congress|KKC]]
| [[File:Kerala Kamaraj Congress Flag.png|50px]]
|
| Vishnupuram Chandrasekharan
| [[File:Vishnupuram Chandrasekharan.jpg|center|frameless|100px]]
| 1
| 1
| 0
|-
| {{party color cell|Janadhipathya Rashtriya Sabha}}
| [[Janadhipathya Rashtriya Sabha|JRP]]
| [[File:JRS color.jpg|50px]]
|
| [[C. K. Janu]]
| [[File:CK janu.jpg|center|frameless|100px]]
| 1
| 0
| 1
|-
|
| colspan="4" | '''Total'''
|
| 138
| 117
| 21
|}

== Campaign ==
On 28 February 2021, the Left Democratic Front (LDF) released its campaign slogan for the Assembly election, "Urappanu LDF"<ref>{{Cite web |title=LDF releases new tagline for election campaign |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/ldf-releases-new-tagline-for-election-campaign-1.5477780 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313071426/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/ldf-releases-new-tagline-for-election-campaign-1.5477780 |archive-date=13 March 2021 |access-date=2021-03-20 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref> (Malayalam: ഉറപ്പാണ് LDF) which translates to "LDF for sure". The alliance released its manifesto on 19 March.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-19 |title=Kerala Assembly Elections {{!}} LDF manifesto balances growth, social welfare |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/ldf-manifesto-balances-growth-social-welfare/article34110478.ece |access-date=2021-03-20 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320131230/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/ldf-manifesto-balances-growth-social-welfare/article34110478.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

The United Democratic Front (UDF) released their campaign slogan "Naadu Nannakan UDF" (നാട് നന്നാകാൻ UDF) which roughly translates to 'UDF for Kerala's Advancement'.<ref>{{Cite web |title='UDF for Kerala's Advancement' {{!}} Congress-led front unveils campaign slogan |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/kerala/top-news/2021/03/04/udf-slogan-for-kerala-assembly-elections-2021.html |access-date=2021-03-20 |website=OnManorama |archive-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218174320/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/03/04/udf-slogan-for-kerala-assembly-elections-2021.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The UDF released their election manifesto on 20 March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-20 |title=Ministry of happiness, focus on NYAY: UDF releases manifesto for Kerala polls |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/kerala-assembly-election/ministry-of-happiness-focus-on-nyay-udf-releases-manifesto-for-kerala-polls-101616237764657.html |access-date=2021-04-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=30 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330133607/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/kerala-assembly-election/ministry-of-happiness-focus-on-nyay-udf-releases-manifesto-for-kerala-polls-101616237764657.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The BJP- led National Democratic Alliance released their campaign slogan "Puthiya Keralam Modikkoppam" (Malayalam: പുതിയ കേരളം മോദിക്കൊപ്പം) which roughly translates to 'New Kerala with Modi.'<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-08 |title='New Kerala with Modi': NDA releases Assembly campaign slogan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/kerala-assembly-election/new-kerala-with-modi-nda-releases-assembly-campaign-slogan-101615168577880.html |access-date=2021-03-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320172258/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/kerala-assembly-election/new-kerala-with-modi-nda-releases-assembly-campaign-slogan-101615168577880.html |url-status=live }}</ref> BJP pledged to ban [[Love Jihad]] if elected to power.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2021 |title=Will bring in law to prevent 'love jihad' in Kerala if voted to power: BJP |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/will-bring-in-law-to-prevent-love-jihad-in-kerala-if-voted-to-power-bjp-7207570/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-date=18 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318035056/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/will-bring-in-law-to-prevent-love-jihad-in-kerala-if-voted-to-power-bjp-7207570/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Candidates ==
{{main|List of candidates in the 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election}}
Many parties, including the CPI(M), the INC and the CPI, did not give tickets to most sitting MLAs who had already served two terms. A third of selected candidates had prior experience in local bodies.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kerala elections: One-third of candidates started out in local bodies|first=Shaju|last=Philip|place=Thiruvananthapuram|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/one-third-of-kerala-candidates-started-out-in-local-bodies-7236489/|date=2021-03-20|access-date=2021-03-24|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=20 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320040240/https://indianexpress.com/elections/one-third-of-kerala-candidates-started-out-in-local-bodies-7236489/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Indian Union Muslim League fielded a female candidate - Noorbeena Rasheed in [[Kozhikode South Assembly constituency|Kozhikode South]] - for the first time in 25 years.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kerala: IUML's First Female MLA Nominee in 25 Years Triggers Debate on Women in Politics|last=Rajeev Ramachandran|place=|url=https://thewire.in/politics/kerala-assembly-elections-iuml-noorbina-rashid-women-politics-representation|date=2021-03-16|access-date=2021-03-24|website=The Wire|language=en|archive-date=19 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319082300/https://thewire.in/politics/kerala-assembly-elections-iuml-noorbina-rashid-women-politics-representation|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Kerala elections: Meet Noorbina Rasheed, IUML's first woman candidate in 25 years|first=Shaju|last=Philip|place=Thiruvananthapuram|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/who-is-noorbina-rasheed-7233822/|date=2021-03-18|access-date=2021-03-24|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=22 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322045908/https://indianexpress.com/elections/who-is-noorbina-rasheed-7233822/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Kerala polls: IUML fields woman candidate after 25 years, hopeful of making it to Assembly|first=Arjun|last=Raghunath|place=|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/kerala-polls-iuml-fields-woman-candidate-after-25-years-hopeful-of-making-it-to-assembly-965113.html|date=2021-03-22|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|archive-date=24 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324023205/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/kerala-polls-iuml-fields-woman-candidate-after-25-years-hopeful-of-making-it-to-assembly-965113.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Anannyah Kumari Alex, contesting from [[Vengara Assembly constituency|Vengara]], became the first ever transgender candidate to be nominated for Kerala assembly election,<ref>{{Cite news|title=In A First, Transgender Candidate To Contest Kerala Assembly Polls|last=|place=Malappuram|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kerala-election-2021-anannyah-kumari-alex-kerala-transgender-candidate-2396648|date=2021-03-22|access-date=2021-03-24|website=NDTV|language=en|archive-date=24 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324033433/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kerala-election-2021-anannyah-kumari-alex-kerala-transgender-candidate-2396648|url-status=live}}</ref> However, she suspended her campaign after alleged harassment from her party members.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-04|title=First transgender candidate backs out of Kerala polls, alleges discrimination from party|url=https://theprint.in/politics/first-transgender-candidate-backs-out-of-kerala-polls-alleges-discrimination-from-party/633730/|access-date=2021-04-07|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|archive-date=5 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405094918/https://theprint.in/politics/first-transgender-candidate-backs-out-of-kerala-polls-alleges-discrimination-from-party/633730/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Nominations of NDA candidates in [[Thalassery Assembly constituency|Thalassery]], [[Guruvayur Assembly constituency|Guruvayur]] and [[Devikulam Assembly constituency|Devikulam]] were rejected by the Election Commission, citing incomplete nomination papers. Hence, the alliance offered support Democratic Social Justice Party (DSJP) candidate in Guruvayur, AIADMK candidate in Devikulam<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=21 March 2021 |title=Kerala elections: Nominations for 3 NDA candidates rejected |language=en |newspaper=The New Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/kerala-elections-nominations-for-3-nda-candidates-rejected-7237746/ |access-date=1 April 2021 |archive-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321041615/https://indianexpress.com/elections/kerala-elections-nominations-for-3-nda-candidates-rejected-7237746/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and for an independent candidate in Thalassery, however the latter rejected the support.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2021 |title=പേരിന് മാത്രമുള്ള പിന്തുണ വേണ്ട: തലശ്ശേരിയിൽ ബിജെപിയെ തള്ളി സിഒടി നസീർ, ത്രിശങ്കുവിലായി പാർട്ടി |url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/news/kannur/cot-naseer-denies-bjp-s-support-to-contests-from-thalassery-in-kerala-assembly-poll-285832.html |access-date=5 April 2021 |website=Oneindia.com |language=ml |archive-date=1 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401133956/https://malayalam.oneindia.com/news/kannur/cot-naseer-denies-bjp-s-support-to-contests-from-thalassery-in-kerala-assembly-poll-285832.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Opinion polls ==
{{Chart|definition=Difference between LDF and majority mark in the 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election.chart|data=Difference between LDF and majority mark in the 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election.tab|Width=400}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:20px"
! rowspan="2" width="150px" |Date published
! rowspan="2" width="250px" |Polling agency
! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |
! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |
! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}}" |
! rowspan="2" width="75px" |Lead
! rowspan="2" |Ref.
|-
! style="width:75px;"|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
! style="width:75px;"|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
! style="width:75px;"|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
|-
|29 March 2021
|[[Asianet News]]–C fore
|style="background:#FF7676;"|'''82–91'''
|46–54
|3–7
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|12–21
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=82 മുതൽ 91 സീറ്റുകൾ വരെ; എൽഡിഎഫിന് വൻജയം പ്രവചിച്ച് ഏഷ്യാനെറ്റ് ന്യൂസ് - സീഫോര്‍ സര്‍വേ|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/analysis-election/asianet-news-c-fore-election-pre-poll-survey-predicts-victory-for-ldf-qqqooy|access-date=2021-03-29|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=ml|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430192240/https://www.asianetnews.com/analysis-election/asianet-news-c-fore-election-pre-poll-survey-predicts-victory-for-ldf-qqqooy|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|24 March 2021
|[[Mathrubhumi]]–[[CVoter]]
|style="background:#FF7676;"|'''73–83'''
|56–66
|0–1
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|3–13
|<ref>{{cite web|title=എല്‍.ഡി.എഫിന് ഭരണത്തുടര്‍ച്ച, ലഭിക്കുക 73-83 സീറ്റ്; മാതൃഭൂമി ന്യൂസ്-സീ വോട്ടര്‍ രണ്ടാംഘട്ട സര്‍വേ|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/election/2021/kerala-assembly-election/mathrubhumi-c-voter-second-phase-opinion-poll-1.5541350|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Mathrubhumi|language=ml|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430204933/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/election/2021/kerala-assembly-election/mathrubhumi-c-voter-second-phase-opinion-poll-1.5541350|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Manorama News]]–VMR
|style="background:#FF7676;"|'''77–82'''
|54–59
|0–3
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|7–12
|<ref>{{cite web|title=77 മുതല്‍ 82 വരെ സീറ്റുകളില്‍ എല്‍ഡിഎഫ്; ഭരണത്തുടർച്ച പ്രവചിച്ച് സർവേ|url=https://www.manoramanews.com/news/breaking-news/2021/03/24/manoramanews-pre-poll-survey-final-result-24.html|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Manorama News|language=ml|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430162535/https://www.manoramanews.com/news/breaking-news/2021/03/24/manoramanews-pre-poll-survey-final-result-24.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Times Now]]–[[CVoter]]
|style="background:#FF7676;"|'''77'''
|62
|1
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|7
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Times Now's Kerala Opinion Poll 2021 projects win for LDF in upcoming Assembly Elections 2021|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/kerala/article/kerala-election-opinion-poll/736689|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Times Now|date=24 March 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430230322/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/kerala/article/kerala-election-opinion-poll/736689|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|19 March 2021
|[[Mathrubhumi News]]–[[CVoter]]
|style="background:#FF7676;"|'''75-83 (79)'''
|55–60 (57)
|0–2 (1)
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|5–13 (8)
|<ref>{{cite web|title=ഭരണത്തുടര്‍ച്ച പ്രവചിച്ച് മാതൃഭൂമി-സിവോട്ടര്‍ അഭിപ്രായ സര്‍വേ: ഇടതുപക്ഷം 75-83 സീറ്റുകള്‍ നേടും|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/election/2021/kerala-assembly-election/mathrubhumi-news-c-voter-opinion-poll-2021-1.5528351|access-date=2021-03-19|website=Mathrubhumi|language=ml}}{{Dead link|date=June 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|15 March 2021
|[[ABP News]]–[[CVoter]]
|style="background:#FF7676;" |'''77–85'''
|54–62
|0–2
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|7–15
|<ref>{{cite web|title=ABP CVoter Opinion Poll 2021: Pinarayi Vijayan-Led LDF Likely To Return To Power, BJP Fails To Impress|url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/abp-news-cvoter-opinion-poll-2021-results-kerala-opinion-poll-results-2021-congress-bjp-cpim-vote-share-seat-wise-details-1448595|access-date=2021-03-15|website=ABP Live|date=15 March 2021|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501135119/https://news.abplive.com/news/india/abp-news-cvoter-opinion-poll-2021-results-kerala-opinion-poll-results-2021-congress-bjp-cpim-vote-share-seat-wise-details-1448595|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[MediaOne TV|MediaOne]]–P-Marq (Politique Marquer)
|style="background:#FF7676;"|'''74–80'''
|58–64
|0–2
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|4–10
|<ref>{{cite web|title=കേരളം ഇടതുപക്ഷത്തിനൊപ്പമെന്ന് മീഡിയവൺ പൊളിറ്റിക്യു സർവേ ഫലം|url=https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/media-one-politique-survey-result-announced-777188|access-date=2021-03-15|website=Madhyamam|date=15 March 2021|language=ml|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430232535/https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/media-one-politique-survey-result-announced-777188|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|8 March 2021
|[[Times Now]]–[[CVoter]]
|style="background:#FF7676;"|'''82'''
|56
|1
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|11
|<ref>{{cite news|title=LDF to retain power in Kerala, no gains for BJP: Times Now-CVoter opinion poll|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/kerala/ldf-to-retain-power-in-kerala-no-gains-for-bjp-times-now-cvoter-opinion-poll/articleshow/81395663.cms|access-date=2021-03-08|website=The Times of India|date=8 March 2021|archive-date=17 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317081835/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/kerala/ldf-to-retain-power-in-kerala-no-gains-for-bjp-times-now-cvoter-opinion-poll/articleshow/81395663.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|28 February 2021
|24 News
|style="background:#FF7676;"|'''72–78'''
|63–69
|1–2
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|2–8
|<ref>{{cite news|title=24 കേരള പോൾ ട്രാക്കർ സർവേ; കേരളത്തിൽ എൽഡിഎഫിന് തുടർഭരണമെന്ന് ഭൂരിപക്ഷം|url=https://www.twentyfournews.com/2021/02/28/24-kerala-poll-tracker-survey-21.html|access-date=2021-02-28|website=24 News|language=ml|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414134058/https://www.twentyfournews.com/2021/02/28/24-kerala-poll-tracker-survey-21.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|27 February 2021
|[[ABP News]]–[[CVoter]]
|style="background:#FF7676;"|'''83–91'''
|47–55
|0–2
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|13–21
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.abplive.com/news/abp-news-c-voter-opinion-poll-kerala-elections-2021-opinion-poll-results-kaun-banega-kerala-cm-congress-bjp-cpim-1446197|title=ABP Kerala Opinion Poll: Pinarayi Vijayan-Led LDF Likely To Sweep Kerala Elections, BJP Fails To Make Impact|publisher=ABP News|date=27 February 2021|access-date=28 February 2021|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227141042/https://news.abplive.com/news/abp-news-c-voter-opinion-poll-kerala-elections-2021-opinion-poll-results-kaun-banega-kerala-cm-congress-bjp-cpim-1446197|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|25 February 2021
|Lok Poll
|style="background:#FF7676;"|'''75–80'''
|60–65
|0–1
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|5–10
|<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1364886094546837506|user=LokPoll|title=Our second assessment for Kerala Legislative Assembly Elections 2021. We are projecting a LDF win.… |date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|21 February 2021
|Spick Media - MCV Network Survey
|style="background:#FF7676;"|'''85'''
|53
|2
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|14
|<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Spick Media Network |user=Spick_Media |number=1363521364963983360 |date=21 February 2021 |title=Spick & MCV Network Opinion Poll - Kerala LDF: 85 Seats (42.23%) UDF: 53 Seats (35.27) NDA: 02 Seats (17.05%) - Detailed Report Part 1: https://t.co/2YjXGWYJ9N Part 2: https://t.co/2mCAWniJq3 Part 3: https://t.co/G3wBSRZiGv PDF: https://t.co/mkdQoMR3yI #KeralaElection2021 #FOKL https://t.co/45jaEFg47t |language=en |access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
|24 News
|'''68–78'''
|62–72
|1–2
|style="background:gray; color:white" |Hung
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2021|title=Pre-poll surveys predict return of LDF|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/pre-poll-surveys-predict-return-of-ldf/articleshow/81158920.cms|access-date=2021-02-23|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224141708/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/pre-poll-surveys-predict-return-of-ldf/articleshow/81158920.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Asianet News]]–C fore
|style="background:#FF7676;"|'''72–78'''
|59–65
|3–7
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"|2–8
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=പിണറായി ചരിത്രം തിരുത്തും; ഭരണത്തുടർച്ച പ്രവചിച്ച് ഏഷ്യാനെറ്റ് ന്യൂസ് സീ ഫോർ സർവേ ഫലം|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/election-news/pinarayi-lead-ldf-to-retain-kerala-assembly-election-2021-asianetnews-c-fore-pre-poll-survey-result-qovykd|access-date=2021-02-23|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=ml|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221155003/https://www.asianetnews.com/election-news/pinarayi-lead-ldf-to-retain-kerala-assembly-election-2021-asianetnews-c-fore-pre-poll-survey-result-qovykd|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|18 January 2021
|[[ABP News]]–[[CVoter]]
|style="background:#FF7676;"|'''81–89'''
|41–47
|0–2
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" |11–19
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-18|title=ABP-CVoter Election 2021 Opinion Poll LIVE: People In Bengal Satisfied With Mamata, TMC To Regain Power|url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/abp-news-c-voter-2021-opinion-poll-live-updates-kaun-banega-mukhyamantri-assembly-election-5-states-wb-election-opinion-poll-kerala-election-opinion-poll-puducherry-tamil-nadu-manipur-opinion-poll-results-stats-1439900|access-date=2021-01-18|website=ABP Live|language=en|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309161207/https://news.abplive.com/news/india/abp-news-c-voter-2021-opinion-poll-live-updates-kaun-banega-mukhyamantri-assembly-election-5-states-wb-election-opinion-poll-kerala-election-opinion-poll-puducherry-tamil-nadu-manipur-opinion-poll-results-stats-1439900|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|6 January 2021
|Lok Poll
|style="background:#FF7676;" |'''73–78'''
|62–67
|0–1
|style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" |3–8
|<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Lok Poll |user=LokPoll |number=1346781327148761089 |date=6 January 2021 |title=Our assessment for Kerala Legislative Assembly Elections 2021. We are projecting a LDF win in a close contest. #KeralaElections2021 #Kerala #Elections2021 #ElectionsWithLokPoll #LokPoll #AssemblyElections2021 #KeralaPolls2021 #OpinionPoll https://t.co/sc3Yn3IDPl |language=en |access-date=3 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106113123/https://twitter.com/LokPoll/status/1346781327148761089 |archive-date=6 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|4 July 2020
|[[Asianet News]]–C fore
|style="background:#FF7676;" |'''77–83'''
|54–60
|3–7
| style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" |7–13
|<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=നിയമസഭയിൽ ട്വിസ്റ്റ്: ചരിത്രത്തിലാദ്യമായി വീണ്ടും എൽഡിഎഫ് കേരളം പിടിക്കുമെന്ന് സർവേ|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/kerala-news/asianet-news-c-fore-survey-2020-who-will-get-majority-in-next-assembly-elections-qcyd22|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=ml|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421112833/https://www.asianetnews.com/kerala-news/asianet-news-c-fore-survey-2020-who-will-get-majority-in-next-assembly-elections-qcyd22|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

=== Asianet News–C fore Survey (July 2020) ===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! colspan="7" |Vote share predicted by Asianet C-Fore Survey [04/07/2020]<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Eluvangal|first=Sreejiraj|date=2020-07-04|title=Asianet News Opinion Poll predicts LDF win in Kerala assembly polls|url=https://ultra.news/s-e/50842/asianet-news-opinion-poll-predicts-ldf-win-in-kerala-assembly-polls|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Ultra News|language=en-US|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806170955/https://ultra.news/s-e/50842/asianet-news-opinion-poll-predicts-ldf-win-in-kerala-assembly-polls|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Social group
! class="unsortable" style="width:60px;" |LDF
! class="unsortable" style="width:60px;" |UDF
! class="unsortable" style="width:60px;" |NDA
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" style="width:60px;" |Others
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" style="width:60px;" |Lead
|-
! class="unsortable" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; width:60px;" |
! class="unsortable" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; width:60px;" |
! class="unsortable" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; width:60px;" |
|-
| colspan="2" |Total vote
| style="text-align:right; background:#FFA5A5;" |42
| style="text-align:right;" |39
| style="text-align:right;" |18
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |3
|-
| colspan="2" |Seats
| style="text-align:right; background:#FF7676;" |79
| style="text-align:right;" |56
| style="text-align:right;" |5
| style="text-align:right;" |0
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |23
|-
! colspan="7" |Region
|-
|North
| rowspan="3" |Vote Share
| style="text-align:right; background:#FFA5A5;" |43
| style="text-align:right;" |39
| style="text-align:right;" |18
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |4
|-
|Central
| style="text-align:right;" |39
| style="text-align:right; background:#A3DEFF;" |42
| style="text-align:right;" |18
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right; background: {{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |3
|-
|South
| style="text-align:right; background:#FFA5A5;" |41
| style="text-align:right;" |38
| style="text-align:right;" |20
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |3
|-
|North
| rowspan="3" |Seats
| style="text-align:right; background:#FF7676;" |'''41'''
| style="text-align:right;" |17
| style="text-align:right;" |2
| style="text-align:right;" |0
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |24
|-
|Central
| style="text-align:right;" |18
| style="text-align:right; background:#A3DEFF;" |23
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right;" |0
| style="text-align:right; background: {{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |5
|-
|South
| style="text-align:right; background:#FFA5A5;" |20
| style="text-align:right;" |16
| style="text-align:right;" |2
| style="text-align:right;" |0
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |4
|-
! colspan="7" |Gender
|-
| colspan="2" |Men
| style="text-align:right; background:#FF7676;" |'''41'''
| style="text-align:right;" |34
| style="text-align:right;" |16
| style="text-align:right;" |9
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |7
|-
| colspan="2" |Women
| style="text-align:right;" |34
| style="text-align:right; background:#A3DEFF;" |35
| style="text-align:right;" |13
| style="text-align:right;" |18
| style="text-align:right; background: {{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |1
|-
! colspan="7" |Caste and Religion
|-
| colspan="2" |Muslims
| style="text-align:right; background:#FF7676;" |'''49'''
| style="text-align:right;" |31
| colspan="2" style="text-align:right;" |20
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |18
|-
| colspan="2" |Ezhava
| style="text-align:right; background:#FF7676;" |'''47'''
| style="text-align:right;" |23
| style="text-align:right;" |24
| style="text-align:right;" |6
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |23
|-
| colspan="2" |Jacobite/Orthodox/Marthoma/Latin
| style="text-align:right;" |29
| style="text-align:right; background:#7CCAFF;" |'''58'''
| style="text-align:right;" |4
| style="text-align:right;" |9
| style="text-align:right; background: {{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |19
|-
| colspan="2" |Syro-Malabar Catholic Christians
| style="text-align:right;" |24
| style="text-align:right; background:#7CCAFF;" |'''61'''
| style="text-align:right;" |3
| style="text-align:right;" |12
| style="text-align:right; background: {{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |37
|-
| colspan="2" |Dalits
| style="text-align:right; background:#FF7676;" |'''37'''
| style="text-align:right;" |25
| style="text-align:right;" |22
| style="text-align:right;" |16
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |12
|-
| colspan="2" |Nairs
| style="text-align:right;" |24
| style="text-align:right; background:#7CCAFF;" |'''42'''
| style="text-align:right;" |27
| style="text-align:right;" |7
| style="text-align:right; background: {{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |15
|-
| colspan="2" |Other castes
| style="text-align:right;" |17
| style="text-align:right; background:#7CCAFF;" |'''40'''
| style="text-align:right;" |33
| style="text-align:right;" |10
| style="text-align:right; background: {{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |7
|-
! colspan="7" |Employment
|-
| colspan="2" |Students
| style="text-align:right; background:#FF7676;" |'''44'''
| style="text-align:right;" |29
| style="text-align:right;" |15
| style="text-align:right;" |12
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |15
|-
| colspan="2" |Government employees
| style="text-align:right; background:#FF7676;" |'''51'''
| style="text-align:right; " |21
| style="text-align:right;" |7
| style="text-align:right;" |21
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |30
|-
| colspan="2" |Farmers
| style="text-align:right; background:#FF7676;" |'''58'''
| style="text-align:right;" |25
| style="text-align:right;" |15
| style="text-align:right;" |2
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |33
|-
| colspan="2" |Homemakers
| style="text-align:right;" |36
| style="text-align:right; background:#A3DEFF;" |38
| style="text-align:right;" |11
| style="text-align:right;" |15
| style="text-align:right; background: {{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |2
|-
| colspan="2" |Unemployed
| style="text-align:right;" |27
| style="text-align:right; background:#7CCAFF;" |'''51'''
| style="text-align:right;" |16
| style="text-align:right;" |6
| style="text-align:right; background: {{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |24
|-
| colspan="2" |Private employees
| style="text-align:right;" |25
| style="text-align:right; background:#7CCAFF;" |'''42'''
| style="text-align:right;" |18
| style="text-align:right;" |15
| style="text-align:right; background: {{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |17
|-
| colspan="2" |Entrepreneurs
| style="text-align:right;" |4
| style="text-align:right; background:#7CCAFF;" |'''54'''
| style="text-align:right;" |32
| style="text-align:right;" |10
| style="text-align:right; background: {{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |22
|-
! colspan="7" |Age
|-
| colspan="2" |18-25
| style="text-align:right; background:#FF7676;" |'''43'''
| style="text-align:right;" |30
| style="text-align:right;" |15
| style="text-align:right;" |12
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |13
|-
| colspan="2" |26-35
| style="text-align:right;" |31
| style="text-align:right; background:#7CCAFF;" |'''38'''
| style="text-align:right;" |17
| style="text-align:right;" |14
| style="text-align:right; background: {{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |7
|-
| colspan="2" |36-50
| style="text-align:right; background:#FF7676;" |'''40'''
| style="text-align:right; " |31
| style="text-align:right;" |16
| style="text-align:right;" |13
| style="text-align:right; background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |9
|-
| colspan="2" |50+
| style="text-align:right;" |36
| style="text-align:right; background:#7CCAFF;" |'''44'''
| style="text-align:right;" |5
| style="text-align:right;" |15
| style="text-align:right; background: {{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |8
|}

== Exit polls ==
Exit polls were published after 7:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] on 29 April, as per orders from Election Commission of India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=No Conducting Exit Polls, Publishing Results Between March 27 And April 29: ECI|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/current-affairs-trends/no-conducting-exit-polls-publishing-results-between-march-27-and-april-29-eci-6699771.html|access-date=2021-04-16|website=Moneycontrol|date=26 March 2021|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416105835/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/current-affairs-trends/no-conducting-exit-polls-publishing-results-between-march-27-and-april-29-eci-6699771.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:20px"
! rowspan="2" width="150px" |Date published
! rowspan="2" width="250px" |Polling agency
! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |
! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |
! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}}" |
! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Others}}" |
! rowspan="2" width="75px" |Lead
! rowspan="2" |Ref.
|-
! style="width:75px;"|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
! style="width:75px;"|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
! style="width:75px;"|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
! style="width:75px;"|Others
|-

| rowspan="11" | 29 April 2021
| ''India News iTV - Jan Ki Baat''
| '''64– 76'''
| 61–71
| 2–4
| –
| style="background:gray; color:white;" |''Hung''
| <ref>{{cite tweet|number=1387834050333736962|user=jankibaat1|title=Jan Ki Baat Kerala Exit Poll: Rahul...|date=29 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''Patriotic Voter''
| style="background:#FF7676;" |'''84–92'''
| 45–51
| 2–4
| 0–1
| style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" |14–22
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sites.google.com/view/patvot/surveys/kerala-2021|title=Kerala 2021|access-date=7 September 2021|archive-date=7 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907185751/https://www.sites.google.com/view/patvot/surveys/kerala-2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''India Today - Axis My India''
| style="background:#FF7676;" |'''104–120'''
| 20–36
| 0–2
| 0–2
| style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" |34–50
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala exit poll: LDF likely to win 104-120, Congress-led UDF 20-36, NDA 0-2, predicts India Today-Axis My India|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/kerala-exit-poll-ldf-likely-to-win-104-120-congress-led-udf-20-36-nda-0-2-predicts-india-today-axis-my-india/ar-BB1gbrVn|access-date=2021-04-29|website=MSN|language=en|archive-date=29 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429144923/https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/kerala-exit-poll-ldf-likely-to-win-104-120-congress-led-udf-20-36-nda-0-2-predicts-india-today-axis-my-india/ar-BB1gbrVn|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Manorama News - VMR''
|'''68–78'''
| 59–70
| 0–2
| 0–1
| style="background:gray; color:white;" |''Hung''
| <ref>https://www.manoramanewsonline.com/2021/04/29/399715.html{{Dead link | date=November 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
|-
| ''News24 - Today's Chanakya''
| style="background:#FF7676;" |'''93 - 111'''
| 26–44
| 0–6
| 0–2
| style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" |23–41
| <ref name="TQ" />
|-
|''DB Live''
| 54–61
| style="background:#0078FF;" | '''74–80'''
|2–7
| –
| style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" |4–10
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CuEiTtUmZzo|title=Exit poll 2021 : west bengal, assam, kerala, tamilnadu, puducheri election &#124; #DBLIVE exit poll|date=29 April 2021 |via=www.youtube.com|access-date=2 May 2021|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513041027/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=CuEiTtUmZzo&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Reporter TV - P-MARQ''
| style="background:#FF7676;" |'''72–79'''
| 60–66
| 0–3
| 0–1
| style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" |2–8
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reporterlive.com/pinarayi-vijayan-led-ldf-will-get-second-term-says-reporter-tv-survey/99314/|title=ഭരണ തുടര്‍ച്ച പ്രവചിച്ച് റിപ്പോര്‍ട്ടര്‍ -പി മാര്‍ക്ക് പോസ്റ്റ് പോള്‍ സര്‍വ്വേ; എല്‍ഡിഎഫിന് 79 സീറ്റുകള്‍ വരെ, യുഡിഎഫ് 60-66|date=29 April 2021|website=Reporter Live|access-date=30 April 2021|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430040636/https://www.reporterlive.com/pinarayi-vijayan-led-ldf-will-get-second-term-says-reporter-tv-survey/99314/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| ''Republic - CNX''
| style="background:#FF7676;" |'''72– 80'''
| 58–64
| 1–5
| –
| style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" |2–9
| <ref name="TQ" />
|-
| ''Sudarshan News''
| '''70– 80'''
| 59–65
| 2–6
| 1–3
| style="background:gray; color:white;" |''Hung''
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sudarshannews.in/news-detail.aspx?id=20887|title=#SudarshanExitPoll केरल में सलामत रहा लाल सलाम.. यहां वामपंथी किला अभेद्य|website=www.sudarshannews.in|access-date=2 May 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502044952/https://www.sudarshannews.in/news-detail.aspx?id=20887|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Times Now / ABP - C-Voter''
| style="background:#FF7676;" |'''71–77'''
| 62–68
| 0–2
| –
| style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white" |1–7
| <ref name="TQ">{{Cite web|title=Kerala: 4 Major Exit Polls Predict Left Return, Big Defeat For UDF|url=https://www.thequint.com/kerala-elections/kerala-assembly-election-exit-poll-results-2021-live-updates|access-date=2021-04-29|website=The Quint|date=29 April 2021|language=en|archive-date=29 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429144925/https://www.thequint.com/kerala-elections/kerala-assembly-election-exit-poll-results-2021-live-updates|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''TV9 Bharatvarsh - POLSTRAT''
| '''70– 80'''
| 59–69
| 0–2
| –
| style="background:gray; color:white;" |''Hung''
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/elections/kerala-elections-2021/kerala-exit-poll-result-2021-leftist-government-can-be-formed-again-in-kerala-in-leadership-of-pinarayi-vijayan-636349.html|title=Kerala Exit poll 2021: देश से नहीं होगा लेफ्ट का सूपड़ा साफ, केरल में फिर बन सकती है वामपंथी सरकार|author=Rohit Ojha|language=hi|date=29 April 2021|website=TV9 Hindi|access-date=30 April 2021|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430040635/https://www.tv9hindi.com/elections/kerala-elections-2021/kerala-exit-poll-result-2021-leftist-government-can-be-formed-again-in-kerala-in-leadership-of-pinarayi-vijayan-636349.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Election ==
===Voting===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Districts
! colspan="4" |Voter turnout
|-
! {{nowrap|District wise map of Kerala}}
!District
! colspan="2" |%
|-
| rowspan ="14"| [[File:Political map of Kerala.svg|300px]]
|[[Kasaragod district|Kasargod]]
|''76.64''
|-
|[[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|''80.17''
|-
|[[Wayanad district|Wayanad]]
|''76.72''
|-
|[[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
|''80.50''
|-
|[[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|''75.80''
|-
|[[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
|''77.85''
|-
|[[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
|''75.71''
|-
|[[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|''75.85''
|-
|[[Idukki district|Idukki]]
|''71.97''
|-
|[[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]
|''74.32''
|-
|[[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
|''76.94''
|-
|[[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]]
|''69.64''
|-
|[[Kollam district|Kollam]]
|''75.16''
|-
|[[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|''72.06''
|-
! colspan="2" |Kerala
! colspan="2" |75.60
|}

== Result ==

=== Summary ===

{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; width:70.7%;" | '''99'''
| style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}};color:white;29.3%;" | '''41'''
|-
| {{color|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|'''LDF'''}}
| {{color|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|'''UDF'''}}
|}

The incumbent [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] retained power with 99 seats, 8 more than in the previous election. This marks the first time an alliance has won consecutive terms in the state since 1977.<ref name = "TH34223850"/> The [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] won 41 seats, 6 less than before, although their vote share increased.<ref name="r2021"/><ref name="r2016"/> The [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] lost their lone seat in [[Nemom Assembly constituency|Nemom]] and suffered a significant loss in vote-share.<ref name="r2021"/><ref name="r2016"/> [[P. C. George]], Kerala Janapaksham (Secular) candidate in [[Poonjar Assembly constituency|Poonjar]] and the only MLA not part of any alliance, lost his sitting seat to the LDF, coming second.

Besides Poonjar, Kunnathunad, Perumbavoor, Kochi, Vypin, Kothamangalam and Muvattupuzha the NDA dropped to fourth position in [[Vengara Assembly constituency|Vengara]], where an independent candidate overtook the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] to become third. The [[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India]] opened its account in the State Legislative assembly, winning from [[Vadakara Assembly constituency|Vadakara]], a left-socialist stronghold, with outside support of UDF.<ref name="r2021"/> In [[Pala Assembly constituency|Pala]], Mani C. Kappen won as a UDF Independent candidate.

[[K. K. Shailaja]], who as Health Minister had won plaudits for her handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, was re-elected in [[Mattanur Assembly constituency|Mattanur]] with a record majority of 67,013 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/9-ministers-including-kk-shailaja-kadakampally-join-pinarayi-s-victory-parade-kerala-1.5637266|title=9 ministers including KK Shailaja, Kadakampally join Pinarayi's 'victory parade'|date=3 May 2021|access-date=4 May 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504053049/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/9-ministers-including-kk-shailaja-kadakampally-join-pinarayi-s-victory-parade-kerala-1.5637266|url-status=live}}</ref> K. A. Shaji of ''Down to Earth'' pointed to the LDF government's success in minimising covid deaths and reducing economic hardship of people affected by the lockdown as the primary cause for its re-election.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/governance/ldf-s-handling-of-covid-19-in-kerala-helped-it-retain-power-76778|title=LDF's handling of COVID-19 in Kerala helped it retain power|date=3 May 2021 |access-date=4 May 2021|archive-date=26 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526203055/https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/governance/ldf-s-handling-of-covid-19-in-kerala-helped-it-retain-power-76778|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the aftermath of the election, leaders of LDF and UDF have alleged collusion of one another with BJP in an effort to undermine theirs.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kerala BJP sold votes to UDF for cash, alleges Pinarayi|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-bjp-sold-votes-to-udf-for-cash-alleges-pinarayi/article34473591.ece|date=3 May 2021|work=The Hindu|access-date=20 May 2021|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520095758/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-bjp-sold-votes-to-udf-for-cash-alleges-pinarayi/article34473591.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="rc">{{Cite news|title=UDF and BJP deny vote trade allegations in Kerala|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/election/kerala/udf-and-bjp-deny-vote-trade-allegations-in-kerala-982310.html|date=4 May 2021|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=20 May 2021|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520095758/https://www.deccanherald.com/election/kerala/udf-and-bjp-deny-vote-trade-allegations-in-kerala-982310.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{wide image|2021 Kerala election result.svg|838x768px|Map displaying constituencies won by parties}}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Alliance
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party
! rowspan="2" |Abbr.
! colspan="3" |Popular vote<ref name="r2021">{{Cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/partywiseresult-S11.htm?st=S11|title=GENERAL ELECTION TO KERALA NIYAMA SABHA TRENDS & RESULT MAY-2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=3 May 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502034330/https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/partywiseresult-S11.htm?st=S11|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="r2016">{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016/|title=Kerala General Legislative Election 2016|website=eci.gov.in|date=20 August 2018|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=3 May 2021|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506000521/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016/|url-status=live}}</ref>
! colspan="3" |Seats
|-
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
|-
|-
|rowspan=9 bgcolor="{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}"|
!rowspan="9"style="background:#FFE6E6"|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|CPI(M)
|{{formatnum:5288507}}
|25.38
|{{nowrap|{{decrease}}1.14}}
|75
|62
|{{nowrap|{{increase}}4}}
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|CPI
|1,579,235
|7.58
|{{decrease}}0.54
|23
|17
|{{decrease}}2
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}"|
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
|KC(M)
|684,363
|3.28
|{{decrease}}0.71
|12
|5
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}"|
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|JD(S)
|265,789
|1.28
|{{decrease}}0.17
|4
|2
|{{decrease}} 1
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|NCP
|206,130
|0.99
|{{decrease}}0.18
|3
|2
|{{increase}}{{decrease}} 0
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Loktantrik Janata Dal}}"|
|[[Loktantrik Janata Dal]]
|LJD
|193,010
|0.93
|New
|3
|1
|''New''
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National League}}"|
|[[Indian National League]]
|INL
|138,587
|0.66
|{{increase}}0.11
|3
|1
|{{increase}} 1
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Congress (Secular)}}"|
|[[Congress (Secular)]]
|Cong(S)
|60,313
|0.29
|
|1
|1
|{{increase}}{{decrease}} 0
|-
!colspan=2 style="background:#FFE6E6"|Total
!
! style="background:#FFE6E6" |10,555,616
!style="background:#FFE6E6"|45.43
!style="background:#FFE6E6"|{{increase}} 1.95
!style="background:#FFE6E6"|140
!style="background:#FFE6E6"|99
!style="background:#FFE6E6"|{{increase}} 8
|-
|rowspan=7 bgcolor="{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}"|
!rowspan=7|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|INC
|5,233,429
|25.12
|{{increase}}1.42
|93
|22
|{{increase}}{{decrease}} 0
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}"|
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|IUML
|1,723,593
|8.27
|{{increase}}0.87
|25
|15
|{{decrease}} 3
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Kerala Congress}}"|
|[[Kerala Congress]]
|KEC
|554,115
|2.66
|{{increase}}2.48
|10
|2
|{{increase}} 2
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}"|
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|RSP
|244,388
|1.17
|{{increase}}0.10
|5
|0
|{{increase}}{{decrease}} 0
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Kerala Congress (Jacob)}}"|
|[[Kerala Congress (Jacob)]]
|KC(J)
|85,056
|0.41
|{{increase}}0.04
|1
|1
|{{increase}}{{decrease}} 0
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Revolutionary Marxist Party of India}}"|
|[[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India]]
|RMPI
|65,093
|0.031
|New
|1
|1
|New
|-
!colspan="2"style="background:#ADD8E6"|Total
!
! style="background:#ADD8E6" |8,196,813
!style="background:#ADD8E6"|39.47
!style="background:#ADD8E6"|{{increase}} 0.66
!style="background:#ADD8E6"|140
!style="background:#ADD8E6"|41
!style="background:#ADD8E6"|{{decrease}} 6
|-
|rowspan=4 bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}}"|
!rowspan=4 |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|BJP
|2,354,468
|11.30
|{{increase}}0.77
|113
|0
|{{decrease}} 1
|-
|bgcolor="maroon"|
|[[Bharath Dharma Jana Sena]]
|BDJS
|217,445
|1.06
|{{decrease}}2.94
|21
|0
|{{increase}}{{decrease}}0
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:#007500" |
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|AIADMK
|10,376
|0.05
|{{decrease}}0.12
|1
|0
|{{increase}}{{decrease}}0
|-
!colspan="2"style="background:#fef3e8"|Total
!
! style="background:#fef3e8" |2,354,468
!style="background:#fef3e8"|12.41
!style="background:#fef3e8"|{{decrease}} 2.55
!style="background:#fef3e8"|140
!style="background:#fef3e8"|0
!style="background:#fef3e8"|{{decrease}} 1
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" |None
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}"|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|BSP
|48,379
|0.23
|{{decrease}}0.01
|72
|0
|{{increase}}{{decrease}} 0
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Twenty20 Kizhakkambalam}}" |
|[[Twenty20 Kizhakkambalam|Twenty Twenty Party]]
|TTP
|145,664
|0.71
|{{increase}}0.71
|8
|0
|{{increase}}{{decrease}} 0
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of India}}" |
|[[Social Democratic Party of India]]
|SDPI
|75,566
|0.36
|{{increase}}
|40
|0
|{{increase}}{{decrease}} 0
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|None of the Above}}" |
|[[None of the Above in Indian Elections|NOTA]]
|
|97,693
|0.47
|{{decrease}}0.06
|{{no change}}
|{{no change}}
|{{no change}}
|- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan = 4|Total
!
! 20,833,888<ref name="poll">{{Cite web|url=http://ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/GE-2021/VoterTurnout2021.pdf|title=End of Poll - Kerala|website=ceo.kerala.gov.in|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Kerala|access-date=3 May 2021|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427042955/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/GE-2021/VoterTurnout2021.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> !! style="text-align:center;" |100.00
!
!style="text-align:center;" |
!140
!
|-
! colspan="11" |
|-
| style="text-align:right;" colspan="4" |Valid votes
|
|20,833,888
|99.67{{n/a}}
| colspan="4" rowspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
| style="text-align:right;" colspan="4" |Invalid votes
|0.33{{n/a}}
|-
| style="text-align:right;" colspan="4" |'''Votes cast / turnout'''
|
|'''20,903,233'''<ref name="poll"/>
|'''76.00'''<ref name="poll"/>
|-
| style="text-align:right;" colspan="4" |'''Registered voters'''
|
|'''27,503,768'''<ref name="poll"/>
| colspan="1" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
|}

=== By alliance ===

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Seat Share (By alliance)
|label1 = [[Left Democratic Front|LDF]]
|value1 = 70.71
|color1 = {{Party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}
|label2 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
|value2 = 29.29
|color2 = {{Party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}
|label3 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|value3 = 0.00
|color3 = {{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}
}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Vote Share (By alliance)
|label1 = [[Left Democratic Front|LDF]]
|value1 = 45.43
|color1 = {{Party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}
|label2 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
|value2 = 39.47
|color2 = {{Party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}
|label3 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|value3 = 12.41
|color3 = {{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|label4 = Others
|value4 = 2.69
|color4 = Silver
}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="65%" style="text-align:center; border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid; font-size: x-big"
! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |LDF
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |SEATS
! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |SEATS
! colspan="2" style="background:#FF9933; color:white;" |NDA
! style="background:#FF9933; color:white;" |SEATS
|-
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|''62''
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|''21''
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|''0''
|-
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|''17''
|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}" |
|''15''
|[[Bharath Dharma Jana Sena|BDJS]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharath Dharma Jana Sena}}" |
|''0''
|-
|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}" |
|''5''
|[[Kerala Congress|KEC]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Kerala Congress (Joseph)}}" |
|''2''
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|''0''
|-
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}" |
|''2''
|[[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India|RMPI]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Revolutionary Marxist Party of India}}" |
|''1''
|KKC
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Kerala Kamaraj Congress}}" |
|''0''
|-
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|''2''
|[[Nationalist Congress Kerala|NCK]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Marxist Party (John)}}" |
|''1''
|[[Janadhipathya Rashtriya Sabha|JRS]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|''0''
|-
|[[Kerala Congress (B)|KC(B)]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Kerala Congress (B)}}" |
|''1''
|[[Kerala Congress (Jacob)|KC(Ja)]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Kerala Congress (Jacob)}}" |
|''1''
|[[National Democratic Party (Kerala)|DSJP]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|''0''
|-
|[[Indian National League|INL]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National League}}" |
|''1''
|[[Communist Marxist Party|CMP]]
| width="3px" style="background-color:#008080" |
|''0''
|
|
|
|-
|[[Loktantrik Janata Dal|LJD]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Loktantrik Janata Dal}}" |
|1

|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}" |
|''0''
|
|
|
|-
|[[Congress (Secular)|C(S)]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Congress (Secular)}}" |
|''1''
|[[Independent Politician|IND]]
|
|0
|
|
|
|-
|[[Janadhipathya Kerala Congress|JKC]]
| width="3px" style="background-color:#FF3D00" |
|''1''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent Politician|IND]]
| width="3px" style="background-color:#FF3D00" |
|6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" style="background:#ffe6e6;" |Total
| style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |99
| colspan="2" style="background:#ADD8E6" |Total
| style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |41
| colspan="2" style="background:#FAD6A5" |Total
| style="background:#FF9933; color:white;" |0
|-
| colspan="2" style="background:#ffe6e6;" |Change
| style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |+8
| colspan="2" style="background:#ADD8E6" |Change
| style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |-6
| colspan="2" style="background:#FAD6A5" |Change
| style="background:#FF9933; color:white;" |-1
|-
| colspan="2" style="background:#ffe6e6;" |Vote Share
| style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |45.43%
| colspan="2" style="background:#ADD8E6" |Vote Share
| style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |39.47%
| colspan="2" style="background:#FAD6A5" |Vote Share
| style="background:#FF9933; color:white;" |12.41%
|-
| colspan="2" style="background:#ffe6e6;" |Vote Share Change
| style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |+ 1.95
| colspan="2" style="background:#ADD8E6" |Vote Share Change
| style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |+ 0.66
| colspan="2" style="background:#FAD6A5" |Vote Share Change
| style="background:#FF9933; color:white;" |- 2.55
|}

=== By region ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:centre;"
!{{nowrap|Region wise map of Kerala}}
!Region
!Total seats
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |LDF
! style="background:#FF9933; color:white;" |NDA
! style="background:grey; color:white;" |OTH
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Regions of Kerala.svg|416x416px]]
|North Kerala
|32
|8
|style="background:#FF0000|'''24'''
|0
|0
|-
|Central Kerala
|55
|24
|style="background:#FF0000|'''31'''
|0
|0
|-
|South Kerala
|53
|9
|style="background:#FF0000|'''44'''
|0
|0
|}

=== By district ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:centre;"
!{{nowrap|District wise map of Kerala}}
!District
!Total seats
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;" |LDF
! style="background:#FF9933; color:white;" |NDA
! style="background:grey; color:white;" |OTH
|-
| rowspan="14" |[[File:Political map of Kerala.svg|416x416px]]
|[[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]]
|5
|2
|style="background:#FF0000|'''3'''
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|11
|2
|style="background:#FF0000|'''9'''
|0
|0
|-
|[[Wayanad district|Wayanad]]
|3
|style="background:#1E90FF|'''2'''
|1
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
|13
|2
|style="background:#FF0000|'''11'''
|0
|0
|-
|[[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|16
|style="background:#1E90FF|'''12'''
|4
|0
|0
|-
|[[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
|12
|2
|style="background:#FF0000|'''10'''
|0
|0
|-
|[[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
|13
|1
|style="background:#FF0000|'''12'''
|0
|0
|-
|[[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|14
|style="background:#1E90FF|'''9'''
|5
|0
|0
|-
|[[Idukki district|Idukki]]
|5
|1
|style="background:#FF0000|'''4'''
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]
|9
|4
|style="background:#FF0000|'''5'''
|0
|0
|-
|[[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
|9
|1
|style="background:#FF0000|'''8'''
|0
|0
|-
|[[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]]
|5
|0
|style="background:#FF0000|'''5'''
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kollam district|Kollam]]
|11
|2
|style="background:#FF0000|'''9'''
|0
|0
|-
|[[Thiruvananthapuram district|Trivandrum]]
|14
|1
|style="background:#FF0000|'''13'''
|0
|0
|}

=== By constituency ===
{{Category see also |Kerala MLAs 2021–2026}}
{{further|Performance of candidates from major alliances of the 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! rowspan="2" |Turnout<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/GE-2021/statistical_report.pdf |title=Legislative Assembly 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260121075941/https://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/GE-2021/statistical_report.pdf |website=ceo.kerala.gov.in |archive-date=21 January 2026|url-status=live}}</ref>(%)
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Margin
|-
!#
!Name
!Candidate
!Party
!Alliance
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
!Candidate
!Party
!Alliance
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
|-
| colspan="16" bgcolor="grey" align="center" |[[Kasaragod district|'''Kasaragod district''']]
|-
!1
|[[Manjeshwar Assembly constituency|Manjeshwar]]
|77.93
|[[A. K. M. Ashraf]]
|{{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,758
|38.14
|[[K. Surendran (politician)|K. Surendran]]
|{{legend2|#FF9933|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#F98C1F|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,013
|37.70
| style="background:#0078FF|'''745'''
|-
!2
|[[Kasaragod Assembly constituency|Kasaragod]]
|72.05
|[[N. A. Nellikkunnu]]
|{{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|63,296
|43.80
|K. Shreekanth
|{{legend2|#FF9933|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#F98C1F|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|50,395
|34.88
| style="background:#0078FF|'''12,901'''
|-
!3
|[[Udma Assembly constituency|Udma]]
|77.37
|[[C. H. Kunhambu]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|78,664
|47.58
|Balakrishnan Periye
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,342
|39.52
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''13,322'''
|-
!4
|[[Kanhangad Assembly constituency|Kanhangad]]
|76.44
|[[E. Chandrasekharan]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|84,615
|50.72
|P. V. Suresh
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|57,476
|34.45
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''27,139'''
|-
!5
|[[Thrikaripur Assembly constituency|Thrikaripur]]
|79.4
|[[M. Rajagopalan]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|86,151
|53.71
|M. P. Joseph
|{{legend2|#CC6600|[[Kerala Congress|KC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|60,014
|37.41
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''26,137'''
|-
| colspan="16" bgcolor="grey" align="center" |[[Kannur district|'''Kannur district''']]
|-
!6
|[[Payyanur Assembly constituency|Payyanur]]
|81.87
|[[TI. Madhusoodannan (CPI-M)|TI. Madhusoodanan]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|93,695
|62.49
|M. Pradeep Kumar
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|43,915
|29.29
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''49,780'''
|-
!7
|[[Kalliasseri Assembly constituency|Kalliasseri]]
|78.86
|[[M. Vijin]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|88,252
|60.62
|Brijesh Kumar
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|43,859
|30.13
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''44,393'''
|-
!8
|[[Taliparamba Assembly constituency|Taliparamba]]
|83.44
|[[M. V. Govindan]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|92,870
|52.14
|Abdul Rasheed V. P.
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|70,181
|39.4
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''22,689'''
|-
!9
|[[Irikkur Assembly constituency|Irikkur]]
|78.2
|[[Sajeev Joseph]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|76,764
|50.33
|Saji Kuttiyanimattom
|{{legend2|#CC9900|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|66,754
|43.77
|style="background:#0078FF|'''10,010'''
|-
!10
|[[Azhikode Assembly constituency|Azhikode]]
|79.85
|[[K. V. Sumesh]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,794
|45.41
|[[K. M. Shaji]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|59,653
|41.17
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''6,141'''
|-
!11
|[[Kannur Assembly constituency|Kannur]]
|77.29
| [[Kadannappalli Ramachandran]]
| {{legend2|#FF7F7F|[[Congress (Secular)|Con(S)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|60,313
|44.98
|[[Satheeshan Pacheni]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|58,568
|43.68
| style="background:#ED1C24|'''1,745'''
|-
!12
|[[Dharmadam Assembly constituency|Dharmadam]]
|83.33
|[[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|95,522
|59.61
|C. Raghunath
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|45,399
|28.33
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''50,123'''
|-
!13
|[[Thalassery Assembly constituency|Thalassery]]
|76.13
| [[A. N. Shamseer]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|81,810
|61.52
|M. P. Aravindakshan
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|45,009
|33.84
| style="background:#ED1C24|'''36,801'''
|-
!14
|[[Kuthuparamba Assembly constituency|Kuthuparamba]]
|80.37
|[[K. P. Mohanan]]
|{{legend2|#2E8B57|[[Loktantrik Janata Dal|LJD]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|70,626
|45.36
|P. K. Abdulla
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|61,085
|39.23
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''9,541'''
|-
!15
|[[Mattanur Assembly constituency|Mattannur]]
|82.11
| [[K. K. Shailaja]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|96,129
|61.97
|Illikkal Agasthy
|{{legend2|#FF4A4A|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|35,166
|22.67
| style="background:#ED1C24|'''60,963'''
|-
!16
|[[Peravoor Assembly constituency|Peravoor]]
|80.41
|[[Sunny Joseph (politician)|Sunny Joseph]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|66,706
|46.93
|Sakeer Hussain
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|63,534
|44.7
| style="background:#0078FF|'''3,172'''
|-
| colspan="16" bgcolor="grey" align="center" |[[Wayanad district|'''Wayanad district''']]
|-
!17
|[[Mananthavady Assembly constituency|Mananthavady]] (ST)
|78.33
|[[O. R. Kelu]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|72,536
|47.54
|[[P. K. Jayalakshmi]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|63,254
|41.46
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''9,282'''
|-
!18
|[[Sulthan Bathery Assembly constituency|Sulthan Bathery]] (ST)
|75.99
|[[I. C. Balakrishnan]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| <div style="text-align: left;">{{legend2|#0078FF |[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}</div>
|81,077
|48.42
|M. S. Viswanathan
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|69,255
|41.36
| style="background:#0078FF|'''11,822'''
|-
!19
|[[Kalpetta Assembly constituency|Kalpetta]]
|75.84
|[[T Siddique|T. Siddique]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|70,252
|46.15
|[[M. V. Shreyams Kumar]]
|{{legend2|#2E8B57|[[Loktantrik Janata Dal|LJD]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|64,782
|42.56
| style="background:#0078FF|'''5,470'''
|-
| colspan="16" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |[[Kozhikode district|'''Kozhikode district''']]
|-
!20
|[[Vadakara Assembly constituency|Vadakara]]
|81.9
|[[K. K. Rema]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India|RMPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,093
|47.63
|Manayath Chandran
|{{legend2|#2E8B57|[[Loktantrik Janata Dal|LJD]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|57,602
|42.15
| style="background:#0078FF|'''7,491'''
|-
!21
|[[Kuttiady Assembly constituency|Kuttiady]]
|83.94
|[[K. P. Kunhammadkutty]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|80,143
|47.2
|[[Parakkal Abdulla]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|79,810
|47.01
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''333'''
|-
!22
|[[Nadapuram Assembly constituency|Nadapuram]]
|81.14
|[[E. K. Vijayan]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|83,293
|47.46
|K.Praveen Kumar
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|79,258
|45.16
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''4,035'''
|-
!23
|[[Quilandy Assembly constituency|Koyilandy]]
|78.64
|[[Kanathil Jameela]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|75,628
|46.66
|N. Subramanian
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|67,156
|41.43
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''8,472'''
|-
!24
| [[Perambra Assembly constituency|Perambra]]
|82.86
| [[T. P. Ramakrishnan]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|86,023
|52.54
|C. H. Ibrahimkutty
|{{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|63,431
|38.74
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''22,592'''
|-
!25
| [[Balussery Assembly constituency|Balussery]] (SC)
|80.91
| [[K. M. Sachin Dev]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|91,839
|50.47
|[[Dharmajan Bolgatty]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|71,467
|39.28
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''20,372'''
|-
!26
|[[Elathur Assembly constituency|Elathur]]
|80.68
|[[A. K. Saseendran]]
|{{legend2|#00B2B2|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|83,639
|50.89
|Sulfikar Mayoori
|{{legend2|#00B2B2|[[Nationalist Congress Kerala|NCK]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|45,137
|27.46
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''38,502'''
|-
!27
|[[Kozhikode North Assembly constituency|Kozhikode North]]
|75.98
|[[Thottathil Raveendran]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|59,124
|42.98
|K. M. Abhijith
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|46,196
|33.58
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''12,928'''
|-
!28
|[[Kozhikode South Assembly constituency|Kozhikode South]]
|75.62
|[[Ahamed Devarkovil]]
|{{legend2|#008000|[[Indian National League|INL]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|52,557
|44.15
|P. K. Noorbeena Rasheed
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|40,098
|33.68
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''12,459'''
|-
!29
|[[Beypore Assembly constituency|Beypore]]
|79.4
| [[P. A. Mohammed Riyas]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|82,165
|49.73
|P. M. Niyas
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|53,418
|32.33
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''28,747'''
|-
!30
|[[Kunnamangalam Assembly constituency|Kunnamangalam]]
|83.57
| [[P. T. A. Rahim]]
| {{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|85,138
|43.93
|Dinesh Perumanna
|{{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|74,862
|38.62
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''10,276'''
|-
!31
|[[Koduvally Assembly constituency|Koduvally]]
|82.44
|[[M. K. Muneer]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|72,336
|47.86
|[[Karat Razak]]
|{{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,992
|43.66
| style="background:#0078FF|'''6,344'''
|-
!32
|[[Thiruvambady Assembly constituency|Thiruvambady]]
|79.4
| [[Linto Joseph]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|67,867
|47.46
|C. P. Cheriya Muhammed
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|63,224
|44.21
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''5,596'''
|-
| colspan="16" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |[[Malappuram district|'''Malappuram district''']]
|-
!33
|[[Kondotty Assembly constituency|Kondotty]]
| 80.25
| [[T. V. Ibrahim]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|82,759
|50.42
|Sulaiman Haji
| {{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,093
|39.66
| style="background:#0078FF|'''17,666'''
|-
!34
|[[Eranad Assembly constituency|Eranad]]
| 79.69
|[[P. K. Basheer]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|78,076
|54.49
|K. T. Abdurahman
| {{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|55,530
|38.76
|style="background:#0078FF|'''22,546'''
|-
!35
|[[Nilambur Assembly constituency|Nilambur]]
|76.71
| [[P. V. Anvar]]
| {{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|81,227
|46.9
|V. V. Prakash
| {{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|78,527
|45.34
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''2,700'''
|-
!36
|[[Wandoor Assembly constituency|Wandoor]] (SC)
|75.17
| [[A. P. Anil Kumar]]
| {{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|87,415
|51.44
|P. Midhuna
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|71,852
|42.28
| style="background:#0078FF|'''15,563'''
|-
!37
|[[Manjeri Assembly constituency|Manjeri]]
|75.95
|[[U. A. Latheef]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|78,836
|50.22
|P. Dibona Nassar
| {{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|64,263
|40.93
| style="background:#0078FF|'''14,573'''
|-
!38
|[[Perinthalmanna Assembly constituency|Perinthalmanna]]
|76.15
|[[Najeeb Kanthapuram]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|76,530
|46.21
|K. P. Mustafa
| {{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|76,492
|46.19
| style="background:#0078FF|'''38'''
|-
!39
|[[Mankada Assembly constituency|Mankada]]
|77.32
| [[Manjalamkuzhi Ali]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 83,231
| 49.46
|T. K. Rasheed Ali
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 76,985
| 45.75
| style="background:#0078FF|'''6,246'''
|-
!40
|[[Malappuram Assembly constituency|Malappuram]]
|76.56
|[[P. Ubaidulla]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|93,166
|57.57
|P. Abdurahman
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|57,958
|35.82
|style="background:#0078FF|'''35,208'''
|-
!41
|[[Vengara Assembly constituency|Vengara]]
|71.09
| [[P. K. Kunhalikutty]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|70,381
|53.5
|P. Jiji
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|39,785
|30.24
| style="background:#0078FF|'''30,596'''
|-
!42
|[[Vallikunnu Assembly constituency|Vallikkunnu]]
|76.27
| [[P. Abdul Hameed]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|71,823
|47.43
|A. P. Abdul Wahab
| {{legend2|#008000|[[Indian National League|INL]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|57,707
|38.11
| style="background:#0078FF|'''14,116'''
|-
!43
|[[Tirurangadi Assembly constituency|Tirurangadi]]
|75.07
| [[K. P. A. Majeed]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|73,499
|49.74
|Niyas Pulikkalakath
| {{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|63,921
|43.26
| style="background:#0078FF|'''9,578'''
|-
!44
|[[Tanur Assembly constituency|Tanur]]
|77.87
| [[V. Abdurahiman|V. Abdurahman]]
| {{legend2|green|[[National Secular Conference|NSC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|70,704
|46.34
|P. K. Firos
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|69,719
|45.7
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''985'''
|-
!45
|[[Tirur Assembly constituency|Tirur]]
|74.45
|[[Kurukkoli Moideen]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|82,314
|48.21
|Ghafoor P. Lillis
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|75,100
|43.98
| style="background:#0078FF|'''7,214'''
|-
!46
|[[Kottakkal Assembly constituency|Kottakkal]]
|74.01
|[[K. K. Abid Hussain Thangal]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|81,700
|51.08
|N. A. Muhammad Kutty
| {{legend2|#00B2B2|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,112
|40.71
| style="background:#0078FF|'''16,588'''
|-
!47
|[[Thavanur Assembly constituency|Thavanur]]
|75.39
|[[K. T. Jaleel]]
| {{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|70,358
|46.46
|Firoz Kunnumparambil
| {{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|67,794
|44.77
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''2,564'''
|-
!48
|[[Ponnani Assembly constituency|Ponnani]]
|70.9
| [[P. Nandakumar]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|74,668
|51.35
|A. M. Rohit
| {{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|57,625
|39.63
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''17,043'''
|-
| colspan="16" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |[[Palakkad district|'''Palakkad district''']]
|-
!49
|[[Thrithala Assembly constituency|Thrithala]]
|78.54
|[[M. B. Rajesh]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|69,814
|45.84
|[[V. T. Balram]]
| {{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|66,798
|43.86
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''3,016'''
|-
!50
|[[Pattambi Assembly constituency|Pattambi]]
|78.06
|[[Muhammed Muhsin]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|75,311
|49.58
|Riyas Mukkoli
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|57,337
|37.74
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''17,974'''
|-
!51
|[[Shornur Assembly constituency|Shornur]]
|78.32
|[[P. Mammikutty]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|74,400
|48.98
|T. H. Feroz Babu
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|37,726
|24.83
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''36,674'''
|-
!52
|[[Ottapalam Assembly constituency|Ottapalam]]
|77.54
|[[K. Premkumar (politician)|K. Premkumar]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|74,859
|46.45
|P. Sarin
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|59,707
|37.05
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''15,152'''
|-
!53
|[[Kongad Assembly constituency|Kongad]] (SC)
|76.83
|[[K. Shanthakumari]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|67,881
|49.01
|[[U. C. Raman]]
|{{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|40,662
|29.36
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''27,219'''
|-
!54
|[[Mannarkkad Assembly constituency|Mannarkkad]]
|76.75
|[[N. Samsudheen|N. Shamsudheen]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|71,657
|47.11
|K. P. Suresh Raj
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,787
|43.25
| style="background:#0078FF|'''5,870'''
|-
!55
|[[Malampuzha Assembly constituency|Malampuzha]]
|76.94
| [[A. Prabhakaran]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 75,934
| 46.41
| C. Krishnakumar
| {{legend2|#FF9933|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#F98C1F|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 50,200
| 30.68
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''25,734'''
|-
!56
| [[Palakkad Assembly constituency|Palakkad]]
|75.44
| [[Shafi Parambil]]
| {{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 54,079
| 38.06
| [[E. Sreedharan]]
| {{legend2|#FF9933|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#F98C1F|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 50,220
| 35.34
| style="background:#0078FF|'''3,859'''
|-
!57
|[[Tarur Assembly constituency|Tarur]] (SC)
|77.12
| [[P. P. Sumod]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 67,744
| 51.58
| K. A. Sheeba
| {{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 43,213
| 32.90
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''24,531'''
|-
!58
|[[Chittur Assembly constituency|Chittur]]
|80.88
|[[K. Krishnankutty]]
|{{legend2|#138808|[[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|84,672
|55.38
|Sumesh Achuthan
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|50,794
|33.22
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''33,878'''
|-
!59
|[[Nenmara Assembly constituency|Nenmara]]
|78.64
|[[K. Babu (CPI-M politician)|K. Babu]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|80,145
|52.89
|C. N. Vijayakrishnan
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Marxist Party|CMP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|51,441
|33.95
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''28,704'''
|-
!60
|[[Alathur Assembly constituency|Alathur]]
|79.1
|[[K. D. Prasenan]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|74,653
|55.15
|Palayam Pradeep
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|40,535
|29.94
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''34,118'''
|-
| colspan="16" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |[[Thrissur district|'''Thrissur district''']]
|-
!61
| [[Chelakkara Assembly constituency|Chelakkara]] (SC)
|77.46
| [[K. Radhakrishnan (politician)|K. Radhakrishnan]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|83,415
|54.41
|C. C. Sreekumar
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|44,015
|28.71
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''39,400'''
|-
!62
|[[Kunnamkulam Assembly constituency|Kunnamkulam]]
|78.24
|[[A. C. Moideen]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|75,532
|48.78
|K. Jayasankar
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|48,901
|31.58
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''26,631'''
|-
!63
|[[Guruvayur Assembly constituency|Guruvayur]]
|69.65
|[[N. K. Akbar]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|77,072
|52.52
|[[K. N. A. Khader]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|58,804
|40.07
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''18,268'''
|-
!64
|[[Manalur Assembly constituency|Manalur]]
|75.63
|[[Murali Perunelly]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|78,337
|46.77
|Vijay Hari
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|48,461
|28.93
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''29,876'''
|-
!65
|[[Wadakkanchery Assembly constituency|Wadakkanchery]]
|78.18
|[[Xavier Chittilappilly]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|81,026
|47.7
|[[Anil Akkara]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,858
|38.77
| style="background:#ED1C24|'''15,168'''
|-
!66
|[[Ollur Assembly constituency|Ollur]]
|75.45
|[[K. Rajan (politician)|K. Rajan]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|76,657
|49.09
|Jose Valloor
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|55,151
|35.31
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''21,506'''
|-
!67
|[[Thrissur Assembly constituency|Thrissur]]
|70.78
|[[P. Balachandran (politician)|P. Balachandran]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|44,263
|34.25
|Padmaja Venugopal
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|43,317
|33.52
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''946'''
|-
!68
|[[Nattika Assembly constituency|Nattika]] (SC)
|73.14
|[[C. C. Mukundan]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|72,930
|47.49
|Sunil Lalur
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|44,499
|28.98
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''28,431'''
|-
!69
|[[Kaipamangalam Assembly constituency|Kaipamangalam]]
|78.82
|[[E. T. Taison]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|73,161
|53.76
|Sobha Subin
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|50,463
|37.08
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''22,698'''
|-
!70
|[[Irinjalakuda Assembly constituency|Irinjalakuda]]
|77.17
|[[R. Bindu]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|62,493
|40.27
|[[Thomas Unniyadan]]
|{{legend2|#CC6600|[[Kerala Congress|KC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|56,544
|36.44
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''5,949'''
|-
!71
|[[Puthukkad Assembly constituency|Puthukkad]]
|77.86
|[[K. K. Ramachandran]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|73,365
|46.94
|Sunil Anthikad
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|46,012
|29.44
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''27,353'''
|-
!72
|[[Chalakudy Assembly constituency|Chalakudy]]
|74.42
|[[T. J. Saneesh Kumar Joseph]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|61,888
|43.23
|Dennis Antony
|{{legend2|#CC9900|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|60,831
|42.49
| style="background:#0078FF|'''1,057'''
|-
!73
|[[Kodungallur Assembly constituency|Kodungallur]]
|77.38
|[[V. R. Sunil Kumar]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|71,457
|47.99
|M. P. Jackson
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|47,564
|31.94
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''23,893'''
|-
| colspan="16" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |[[Ernakulam district|'''Ernakulam district''']]
|-
!74
|[[Perumbavoor Assembly constituency|Perumbavoor]]
|78.37
|[[Eldhose Kunnappilly]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|53,484
|37.1
|Babu Joseph
|{{legend2|#CC9900|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|50,585
|35.09
|style="background:#0078FF|'''2,899'''
|-
!75
|[[Angamaly Assembly constituency|Angamaly]]
|78.16
|[[Roji M John|Roji M. John]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|71,562
|51.86
|[[Jose Thettayil]]
|{{legend2|#138808|[[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|55,633
|40.31
|style="background:#0078FF|'''15,929'''
|-
!76
|[[Aluva Assembly constituency|Aluva]]
|76.72
|[[Anwar Sadath]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|73,703
|49.00
|Shelna Nishad
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|54,817
|36.44
|style="background:#0078FF|'''18,886'''
|-
!77
|[[Kalamassery Assembly constituency|Kalamassery]]
|77.42
|[[P. Rajeev (Kerala)|P. Rajeev]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|77,141
|49.49
|V. E. Gafoor
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|61,805
|39.65
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''15,336'''
|-
!78
|[[Paravur Assembly constituency|Paravur]]
|79.02
|[[V. D. Satheesan]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|82,264
|51.87
|M. T. Nixon
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|60,963
|38.44
|style="background:#0078FF|'''21,301'''
|-
!79
|[[Vypin (State Assembly constituency)|Vypin]]
|76.18
|[[K. N. Unnikrishnan]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|53,858
|41.24
|Deepak Joy
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|45,657
|34.96
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''8,201'''
|-
!80
|[[Kochi Assembly constituency|Kochi]]
|70.93
|[[K. J. Maxi]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|54,632
|42.45
|Tony Chammany
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|40,553
|31.51
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''14,079'''
|-
!81
|[[Thrippunithura Assembly constituency|Thrippunithura]]
|73.83
|[[K. Babu]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,875
|42.14
|[[M. Swaraj]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|64,883
|41.51
|style="background:#0078FF|'''992'''
|-
!82
|[[Ernakulam Assembly constituency|Ernakulam]]
|66.87
|[[T. J. Vinod]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|45,930
|41.72
|Shaji George
|{{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|34,960
|31.75
| style="background:#0078FF|'''10,970'''
|-
!83
|[[Thrikkakara Assembly constituency|Thrikkakara]]
|70.36
|[[P. T. Thomas]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|59,839
|43.82
|J. Jacob
|{{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|45,510
|33.32
|style="background:#0078FF|'''14,329'''
|-
!84
|[[Kunnathunad Assembly constituency|Kunnathunad]] (SC)
|82.93
|[[P. V. Sreejin|P. V. Sreenijin]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|52,351
|33.79
|[[V. P. Sajeendran]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|49,636
|32.04
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''2,715'''
|-
!85
|[[Piravom Assembly constituency|Piravom]]
|74.85
|[[Anoop Jacob]]
|{{legend2|#CC6600|[[Kerala Congress (Jacob)|KC(J)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|85,056
|53.8
|Sindhumol Jacob
|{{legend2|#CC9900|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|59,692
|37.76
|style="background:#0078FF|'''25,364'''
|-
!86
|[[Muvattupuzha Assembly constituency|Muvattupuzha]]
|75.83
|[[Mathew Kuzhalnadan]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|64,425
|44.63
|[[Eldo Abraham]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|58,264
|40.36
|style="background:#0078FF|'''6,161'''
|-
!87
|[[Kothamangalam Assembly constituency|Kothamangalam]]
|79.4
|[[Antony John]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|64,234
|46.99
|Shibu Thekkumpuram
|{{legend2|#CC6600|[[Kerala Congress|KC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|57,629
|42.16
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''6,605'''
|-
| colspan="16" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |[[Idukki district|'''Idukki district''']]
|-
!88
| [[Devikulam Assembly constituency|Devikulam]] (SC)
|68.53
| [[A. Raja (Kerala politician)|A. Raja]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 59,049
| 51.00
| D. Kumar
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 51,201
| 44.22
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''7,848'''
|-
!89
| [[Udumbanchola Assembly constituency|Udumbanchola]]
|74.84
| [[M. M. Mani]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|77,381
|61.80
|E. M. Augusthy
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|39,076
|31.21
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''38,305'''
|-
!90
|[[Thodupuzha Assembly constituency|Thodupuzha]]
|72.76
|[[P. J. Joseph]]
|{{legend2|#CC6600|[[Kerala Congress|KC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|67,495
|48.63
|K. I. Antony
|{{legend2|#CC9900|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|47,236
|34.03
|style="background:#0078FF|'''20,259'''
|-
!91
| [[Idukki Assembly constituency|Idukki]]
|70.64
| [[Roshy Augustine]]
| {{legend2|#CC9900|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|62,368
|47.48
|[[Francis George (Kerala politician)|Francis George]]
|{{legend2|#CC6600|[[Kerala Congress|KC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|56,795
|43.24
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''5,573'''
|-
!92
|[[Peerumade Assembly constituency|Peerumade]]
|73.06
|[[Vazhoor Soman]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|60,141
|47.25
|Syriac Thomas
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|58,306
|45.81
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''1,835'''
|-
| colspan="16" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |[[Kottayam district|'''Kottayam district''']]
|-
!93
|[[Pala Assembly constituency|Pala]]
|75.26
|[[Mani C. Kappan]]
|{{legend2|#00B2B2|[[Nationalist Congress Kerala|NCK]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|69,804
|50.43
|[[Jose K. Mani]]
|{{legend2|#CC9900|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|54,426
|39.32
|style="background:#0078FF|'''15,378'''
|-
!94
|[[Kaduthuruthy Assembly constituency|Kaduthuruthy]]
|70.48
|[[Monce Joseph]]
|{{legend2|#CC6600|[[Kerala Congress|KC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|59,666
|45.4
|Stephen George
|{{legend2|#CC9900|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|55,410
|42.17
| style="background:#0078FF|'''4,256'''
|-
!95
|[[Vaikom Assembly constituency|Vaikom]] (SC)
|77.69
|[[C. K. Asha]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|71,388
|55.96
|P. R. Sona
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|42,266
|33.13
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''29,122'''
|-
!96
|[[Ettumanoor Assembly constituency|Ettumanoor]]
|75.45
|[[V. N. Vasavan]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|58,289
|46.2
|Prince Lukose
|{{legend2|#CC6600|[[Kerala Congress|KC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|43,986
|34.86
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''14,303'''
|-
!97
|[[Kottayam Assembly constituency|Kottayam]]
|74.48
|[[Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,401
|53.72
|K. Anilkumar
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|46,658
|38.33
| style="background:#0078FF|'''18,743'''
|-
!98
|[[Puthuppally Assembly constituency|Puthuppally]]
|75.35
|[[Oommen Chandy]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|63,372
|48.08
|Jaick C. Thomas
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|54,328
|41.22
|style="background:#0078FF|'''9,044'''
|-
!99
|[[Changanassery Assembly constituency|Changanassery]]
|71.98
|[[Job Michael]]
|{{legend2|#CC9900|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|55,425
|44.85
|V. J. Laly
|{{legend2|#CC6600|[[Kerala Congress|KC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|49,366
|39.94
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''6,059'''
|-
!100
|[[Kanjirappally Assembly constituency|Kanjirappally]]
|73.96
|[[N. Jayaraj]]
|{{legend2|#CC9900|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|60,299
|43.79
|[[Joseph Vazhackan]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|46,596
|33.84
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''13,703'''
|-
!101
|[[Poonjar Assembly constituency|Poonjar]]
|74.21
|[[Sebastian Kulathunkal]]
|{{legend2|#CC9900|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|58,668
|41.94
|[[P. C. George]]
|{{legend2|#FFFF00|[[Kerala Janapaksham (Secular)|KJ(S)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| ''N/A''
|41,851
|29.92
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''16,817'''
|-
| colspan="16" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |[[Alappuzha district|'''Alappuzha district''']]
|-
!102
|[[Aroor Assembly constituency|Aroor]]
|82.58
|[[Daleema|Daleema Jojo]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|75,617
|45.97
|[[Shanimol Usman]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|68,604
|41.71
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''7,013'''
|-
!103
|[[Cherthala Assembly constituency|Cherthala]]
|83.8
|[[P. Prasad]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|83,702
|47.00
|S. Sarath
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|77,554
|43.55
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''6,148'''
|-
!104
|[[Alappuzha Assembly constituency|Alappuzha]]
|78.43
|[[P. P. Chitharanjan]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|73,412
|46.33
|K. S. Manoj
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|61,768
|38.98
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''11,644'''
|-
!105
|[[Ambalappuzha Assembly constituency|Ambalappuzha]]
|76.82
|[[H. Salam]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|61,365
|44.79
|M. Liju
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|50,240
|36.67
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''11,125'''
|-
!106
|[[Kuttanad Assembly constituency|Kuttanad]]
|74.86
|[[Thomas K. Thomas]]
|{{legend2|#00B2B2|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|57,379
|45.67
|Jacob Abraham
|{{legend2|#CC6600|[[Kerala Congress|KC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|51,863
|41.28
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''5,516'''
|-
!107
|[[Haripad Assembly constituency|Haripad]]
|76.6
|[[Ramesh Chennithala]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|72,768
|48.31
|R. Sajilal
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|59,102
|39.24
|style="background:#0078FF|'''13,666'''
|-
!108
|[[Kayamkulam Assembly constituency|Kayamkulam]]
|75.47
|[[Prathiba Hari|U. Prathibha]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|77,348
|47.97
|Aritha Babu
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|71,050
|44.06
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''6,298'''
|-
!109
|[[Mavelikara Assembly constituency|Mavelikara]] (SC)
|73.28
|[[M. S. Arun Kumar]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|71,743
|47.61
|K. K. Shaju
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|47,026
|31.21
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''24,717'''
|-
!110
|[[Chengannur Assembly constituency|Chengannur]]
|70.59
|[[Saji Cherian]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|71,502
|48.58
|M. Murali
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|39,409
|26.78
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''32,093'''
|-
| colspan="16" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |[[Pathanamthitta district|'''Pathanamthitta district''']]
|-
!111
|[[Thiruvalla Assembly constituency|Thiruvalla]]
|65.88
|[[Mathew T. Thomas]]
|{{legend2|#138808|[[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|62,178
|44.56
|Kunju Koshy Paul
|{{legend2|#CC6600|[[Kerala Congress|KC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|50,757
|36.37
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''11,421'''
|-
!112
|[[Ranni Assembly constituency|Ranni]]
|65.95
|[[Pramod Narayan]]
|{{legend2|#CC9900|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|52,669
|41.22
|Rinku Cheriyan
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|51,384
|40.21
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''1,285'''
|-
!113
|[[Aranmula Assembly constituency|Aranmula]]
|68.13
|[[Veena George]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|74,950
|46.3
|[[K. Sivadasan Nair]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|55,947
|34.56
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''19,003'''
|-
!114
|[[Konni Assembly constituency|Konni]]
|73.83
|[[K. U. Jenish Kumar]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|62,318
|41.62
|Robin Peter
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|53,810
|35.94
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''8,508'''
|-
!115
|[[Adoor Assembly constituency|Adoor]] (SC)
|74.4
|[[Chittayam Gopakumar]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|66,569
|42.83
|M G Kannan
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|63,650
|40.96
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''2,919'''
|-
| colspan="16" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |[[Kollam district|'''Kollam district''']]
|-
!116
|[[Karunagappally Assembly constituency|Karunagappally]]
|80.85
|[[C. R. Mahesh]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|94,225
|54.38
|R. Ramachandran
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,017
|37.52
|style="background:#0078FF|'''29,208'''
|-
!117
|[[Chavara Assembly constituency|Chavara]]
|78.5
|[[Sujith Vijayanpillai]]
|{{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|63,282
|44.29
|[[Shibu Baby John]]
|{{legend2|#FF4A4A|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|62,186
|43.52
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''1,096'''
|-
!118
|[[Kunnathur, Kerala Assembly constituency|Kunnathur]] (SC)
|77.69
|[[Kovoor Kunjumon]]
|{{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|69,436
|43.13
|Ullas Kovoor
|{{legend2|#FF4A4A|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|66,646
|41.4
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''2,790'''
|-
!119
|[[Kottarakkara Assembly constituency|Kottarakkara]]
|74.6
|[[K. N. Balagopal]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|68,770
|45.98
|Resmi R.
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|57,956
|38.75
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''10,814'''
|-
!120
|[[Pathanapuram Assembly constituency|Pathanapuram]]
|74.18
|[[K. B. Ganesh Kumar]]
|{{legend2|#CC6600|[[Kerala Congress (B)|KC(B)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|67,276
|49.09
|Jyothikumar Chamakkala
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|52,940
|38.63
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''14,336'''
|-
!121
|[[Punalur Assembly constituency|Punalur]]
|71.03
|[[P. S. Supal]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|80,428
|54.99
|[[Abdurahiman Randathani]]
| {{legend2|green|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|43,371
|29.66
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''37,057'''
|-
!122
|[[Chadayamangalam Assembly constituency|Chadayamangalam]]
|73.23
|[[J. Chinchu Rani]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|67,252
|45.69
|M. M. Naseer
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|53,574
|36.4
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''13,678'''
|-
!123
|[[Kundara Assembly constituency|Kundara]]
|75.91
|[[P. C. Vishnunath]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|76,405
|48.85
|[[J. Mercykutty Amma]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|71,882
|45.96
|style="background:#0078FF|'''4,523'''
|-
!124
|[[Kollam Assembly constituency|Kollam]]
|74.05
|[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]]
| {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|58,524
|44.86
|Bindhu Krishna
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|56,452
|43.27
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''2,072'''
|-
!125
|[[Eravipuram Assembly constituency|Eravipuram]]
|72.38
|[[M. Noushad]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|71,573
|56.25
|[[Babu Divakaran]]
|{{legend2|#FF4A4A|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|43,452
|34.15
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''28,121'''
|-
!126
|[[Chathannoor Assembly constituency|Chathannoor]]
|74.39
|[[G. S. Jayalal]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 59,296
| 43.12
| B. B. Gopakumar
| {{legend2|#FF9933|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#F98C1F|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 42,090
| 30.61
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''17,206'''
|-
| colspan="16" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |[[Thiruvananthapuram district|'''Thiruvananthapuram district''']]
|-
!127
|[[Varkala Assembly constituency|Varkala]]
|72.16
|[[V. Joy]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|68,816
|50.89
|B. R. M. Shefeer
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|50,995
|37.71
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''17,821'''
|-
!128
|[[Attingal Assembly constituency|Attingal]] (SC)
|72.93
|[[O. S. Ambika]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|69,898
|47.35
|P. Sudheer
|{{legend2|#FF9933|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#F98C1F|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|38,262
|25.92
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''31,636'''
|-
!129
|[[Chirayinkeezhu Assembly constituency|Chirayinkeezhu]] (SC)
|73.26
|[[V. Sasi]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|62,634
|43.17
|B. S. Anoop
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|48,617
|33.51
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''14,017'''
|-
!130
|[[Nedumangad Assembly constituency|Nedumangad]]
|73.8
|[[G. R. Anil]]
|{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|72,742
|47.54
|P. S. Prasanth
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|49,433
|32.31
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''23,309'''
|-
!131
|[[Vamanapuram Assembly constituency|Vamanapuram]]
|73.14
|[[D. K. Murali]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|73,137
|49.91
|Anad Jayan
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|62,895
|42.92
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''10,242'''
|-
!132
|[[Kazhakootam Assembly constituency|Kazhakootam]]
|71.37
|[[Kadakampally Surendran]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|63,690
|46.04
|[[Sobha Surendran]]
|{{legend2|#FF9933|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#F98C1F|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|40,193
|29.06
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''23,497'''
|-
!133
|[[Vattiyoorkavu Assembly constituency|Vattiyoorkavu]]
|66.19
|[[V. K. Prasanth]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|61,111
|41.44
|V.V. Rajesh
|{{legend2|#FF9933|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#F98C1F|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|39,596
|28.77
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''21,515'''
|-
!134
|[[Thiruvananthapuram Assembly constituency|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|63.03
|[[Antony Raju]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Janadhipathya Kerala Congress|JKC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|48,748
|38.01
|[[V. S. Sivakumar]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|41,659
|32.49
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''7,089'''
|-
!135
|[[Nemom Assembly constituency|Nemom]]
|71.49
|[[V. Sivankutty]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|55,837
|38.24
|[[Kummanam Rajasekharan]]
|{{legend2|#FF9933|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#F98C1F|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|51,888
|35.54
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''3,949'''
|-
!136
|[[Aruvikkara Assembly constituency|Aruvikkara]]
|75.39
|[[G. Stephen]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|66,776
|45.83
|[[K. S. Sabarinathan]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|61,730
|42.37
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''5,046'''
|-
!137
|[[Parassala Assembly constituency|Parassala]]
|74.24
|[[C. K. Hareendran]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|78,548
|48.16
|Sajitha Ressal
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|52,720
|32.23
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''25,828'''
|-
!138
|[[Kattakada Assembly constituency|Kattakkada]]
|74.39
|[[I. B. Sathish]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|66,293
|45.49
|Malayinkeezhu Venugopal
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|43,062
|29.55
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''23,231'''
|-
!139
|[[Kovalam Assembly constituency|Kovalam]]
|72.81
|[[M. Vincent]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|74,868
|47.06
|[[Neelalohithadasan Nadar]]
|{{legend2|#138808|[[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|63,306
|39.79
| style="background:#0078FF|'''11,562'''
|-
!140
|[[Neyyattinkara Assembly constituency|Neyyattinkara]]
|74.7
|[[K. Ansalan]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|65,497
|47.02
|[[R. Selvaraj (politician)|R. Selvaraj]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|51,235
|36.78
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''14,262'''
|}

==By-elections==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Margin
|-
!#
!Name
!Candidate
!Party
!Alliance
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
!Candidate
!Party
!Alliance
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
|-
|-
!83
|[[Thrikkakara Assembly constituency|Thrikkakara]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://keralaassembly.org/bypoll/byelection.php?no=83 |title=Kerala Assembly By-election Results |website=keralaassembly.org |access-date=17 December 2023 |archive-date=17 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217104205/http://keralaassembly.org/bypoll/byelection.php?no=83 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Uma Thomas]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|72,770
|53.76%
|Jo Joseph
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|47,754
|35.28%
|style="background:#0078FF|'''25,016'''
|-
!98
|[[Puthuppally Assembly constituency|Puthuppally]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Results of Bye Elections to Assembly Constituencies-Sept 2023|work=Election Commission Official Site|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeSeptNew2023/candidateswise-S1198.htm|access-date=2023-09-20|archive-date=21 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921095125/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeSeptNew2023/candidateswise-S1198.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Chandy Oommen]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|80,144
|61.38%
|Jaick C Thomas
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|42,425
|32.49%
|style="background:#0078FF|'''37,719'''
|-
!56
|[[Palakkad Assembly constituency|Palakkad]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/ConstituencywiseS1156.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229011741/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/ConstituencywiseS1156.htm |archive-date=2024-12-29 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=results.eci.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Rahul Mamkootathil]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|58,052
|42.27%
|C. Krishna Kumar
|{{legend2|#FF9933|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#F98C1F|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|39,549
|28.26%
|style="background:#0078FF|'''18,840'''
|-
!61
|[[Chelakkara Assembly constituency|Chelakkara]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://keralaassembly.org/bypoll/byelection.php?no=61 |title=Kerala Assembly By-election Results |website=keralaassembly.org |access-date=13 November 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2024 |archive-url=https://keralaassembly.org/bypoll/byelection.php?no=61 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[U. R. Pradeep]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|64,827
|41.44%
|[[Ramya Haridas]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|52,626
|33.64%
|style="background:#ED1C24|'''12,201'''
|-
!35
|[[Nilambur Assembly constituency|Nilambur]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://keralaassembly.org/bypoll/byelection.php?no=35 |title=Kerala Assembly By-election Results |website=keralaassembly.org |access-date=23 June 2025 |archive-date=23 June 2025 |archive-url=https://keralaassembly.org/bypoll/byelection.php?no=35 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Aryadan Shoukath]]
|{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| {{legend2|#0078FF|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|77,737
|44.17%
|[[M. Swaraj]]
|{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|{{legend2|#ED1C24|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
|66,660
|37.88%
|style="background:#0078FF|'''11,077'''
|-
|}

== Aftermath ==

=== Government formation ===
The incumbent Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan was sworn in on 20 May along with 20 other cabinet members, 18 of whom were fresh faces. The exclusion of incumbent Health Minister K. K. Shailaja from the cabinet drew criticism from the public and from some CPI(M) members.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kerala: Covid-Warrior KK Shailaja dropped as CPM changes all ministers|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-warrior-shailaja-dropped-as-cpm-changes-all-ministers/articleshow/82750391.cms|access-date=2021-05-20|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520101704/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-warrior-shailaja-dropped-as-cpm-changes-all-ministers/articleshow/82750391.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The swearing-in ceremony, which was restricted to 500 participants due to a state-wide [[lockdown]], was not attended by opposition MLAs and representatives from Central government, citing COVID protocol concerns.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 20, 2021|first1=Vivek|last1=Rajagopal|first2=P. S. Gopikrishnan|last2=Unnithan|title=Kerala opposition to not attend Pinarayi Vijayan govt's swearing-in today due to Covid|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-opposition-pinarayi-vijayan-swearing-in-ceremony-covid-1804637-2021-05-20|access-date=2021-05-20|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520102605/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-opposition-pinarayi-vijayan-swearing-in-ceremony-covid-1804637-2021-05-20|url-status=live}}</ref>

V. D. Satheesan replaced Ramesh Chennithala as the Leader of the Opposition in the Niyamasabha, after the decision was made by the [[Congress Working Committee|Congress High Command]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=VD Satheesan to be leader of opposition in Kerala|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/vd-satheesan-to-be-leader-of-opposition-in-kerala-kerala-1.5685192|access-date=2021-05-22|website=Mathrubhumi|date=22 May 2021|language=en|archive-date=22 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522055717/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/vd-satheesan-to-be-leader-of-opposition-in-kerala-kerala-1.5685192|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Kodakara hawala scandal===
A few weeks after announcement of election results, allegations were raised against [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] leadership of Kerala for carrying illegal [[Indian black money|black money]] ([[hawala]]), in relation to the 2021 election.<ref name="kodakara">{{Cite news|title=Kodakara hawala heist case: Complainant files claim report in court seeking release of seized cash|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kodakara-hawala-heist-case-complainant-files-claim-report-in-court-seeking-release-of-seized-cash-1.5735303|last=|date=9 June 2021|work=Mathrubhumi|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-date=9 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609102639/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kodakara-hawala-heist-case-complainant-files-claim-report-in-court-seeking-release-of-seized-cash-1.5735303|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kerala Police]] seized ₹3.5 [[crore]] in cash at [[Kodakara]] 3 days before the election. The money was allegedly looted and was to be used for BJP's election campaign.<ref name="kodakara" /> BJP state president [[K. Surendran (politician)|K. Surendran]] was the chief accused in the case.<ref name="ks">{{Cite news |date=6 June 2021 |title=Kodakara black money case: Police to quiz BJP chief K Surendran's son |work=Onmanorama |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/06/06/kodakara-black-money-case-surendran-driver-secretary-questioned.html |access-date=24 June 2021 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204646/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/06/06/kodakara-black-money-case-surendran-driver-secretary-questioned.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The case was later handed over to [[Enforcement Directorate]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=7 June 2021 |title=Kerala police handed over Kodakara hawala heist case details to ED: Pinarayi |work=The News Minute |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kerala-police-handed-over-kodakara-hawala-heist-case-details-ed-pinarayi-150237 |access-date=24 June 2021 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624212359/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kerala-police-handed-over-kodakara-hawala-heist-case-details-ed-pinarayi-150237 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Other events ===
On 20 March 2023, [[Kerala High Court]] nullified the election in Devikulam, where elected members are required to belong to Scheduled Castes (SC), after establishing that the elected MLA, A. Raja of CPI(M), did not belong to SC community and was hence deemed ineligible to be elected from the constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala HC calls off Devikulam Assembly election result, disqualifies CPM MLA A Raja |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-hc-calls-off-devikulam-assembly-election-result-cpm-mla-disqualified-1.8407119 |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |date=20 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320100306/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-hc-calls-off-devikulam-assembly-election-result-cpm-mla-disqualified-1.8407119 |url-status=live }}</ref> The court has stayed the decision to allow Raja to file an appeal to the Supreme Court.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cong leader approaches SC against HC's interim stay on order cancelling Devikulam election result |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/cong-leader-approaches-sc-against-hc-s-interim-stay-on-order-cancelling-devikulam-election-result-1.8410710 |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |date=21 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325172910/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/cong-leader-approaches-sc-against-hc-s-interim-stay-on-order-cancelling-devikulam-election-result-1.8410710 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala elections}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kerala Legislative Assembly election - 2021}}
[[Category:2021 State Assembly elections in India]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Kerala]]
[[Category:2020s in Kerala]]

Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh

2026-03-18T09:02:46Z

KateCurmi92: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1957)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1957|1|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| residence = Vishnoharpur, [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]]
| death_place =
| constituency = [[Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kaiserganj]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 16 May 2009
| predecessor = [[Beni Prasad Verma]]
| successor = [[Karan Bhushan Singh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (1987–2008, 2014–present) [[Samajwadi Party]] (2008–2014)
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Ketki Devi Singh]]|1981}}
| website = {{URL|http://brijbhushansingh.in}}
| footnotes =
| date = 29 June|
| year = 2025|
| source = https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/brijbhushan-sharan-singh
| children = 4, including [[Prateek Bhushan Singh]] and [[Karan Bhushan Singh]]
| constituency1 = [[Balrampur Lok Sabha constituency|Balrampur]]
| predecessor1 = [[Rizwan Zaheer]]
| termstart1 = 17 May 2004
| termend1 = 16 May 2009
| successor1 = Constituency Demolished Now [[Shravasti Lok Sabha constituency|Shravasti]]
| constituency2 = [[Gonda Lok Sabha constituency|Gonda]]
| termstart2 = 10 October 1999
| termend2 = 6 February 2004
| predecessor2 = [[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]
| successor2 = [[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]
| constituency3 = [[Gonda Lok Sabha constituency|Gonda]]
| predecessor3 = [[Anand Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Raja Anand Singh]]
| successor3 = [[Ketki Devi Singh]]
| termstart3 = 20 June 1991
| termend3 = 10 May 1996
| term_end = 4 June 2024
| office4 = [[Wrestling Federation of India|President of Wrestling Federation of India]]
| termstart4 = 5 April 2012
| termend4 = 21 December 2023
| predecessor4 = [[Deepender Singh Hooda]]
| successor4 = Sanjay Singh
| alma_mater = [[M.A.]], [[L.L.B.]]
| father = Jagdamba Sharan Singh
| mother = Pyari Devi
| nickname = '''Neta Ji'''
}}

'''Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh''' (born 8 January 1957) is an Indian politician and a six-term former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] (MP) as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ara |first=Ismat |date=7 February 2023 |title=Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh: The bahubali neta |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/profile-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-the-bahubali-neta/article66458120.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430154111/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/profile-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-the-bahubali-neta/article66458120.ece |archive-date=30 April 2023 |access-date=30 April 2023 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Mayank |date=21 January 2023 |title=BJP MP accused of harassing wrestlers is a controversial bahubali with a wide fanbase |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-mp-accused-of-harassing-wrestlers-is-a-controversial-bahubali-with-a-wide-fanbase/article66417592.ece |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421153006/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-mp-accused-of-harassing-wrestlers-is-a-controversial-bahubali-with-a-wide-fanbase/article66417592.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He has also served as the president of the [[Wrestling Federation of India]] (WFI).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wrestling Federation of India |url=https://uww.org/about-uww/national-federation/wrestling-federation-india |access-date=9 May 2023 |website=United World Wrestling |language=en |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509134611/https://uww.org/about-uww/national-federation/wrestling-federation-india |url-status=live }}</ref>

His political career is marked by [[History-sheeter|many controversies]]; he was arrested in the [[demolition of the Babri Masjid]] case and booked under the anti-terrorism law [[Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act|TADA]] for harbouring the shooters of the [[Dawood Ibrahim]] gang.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Misra |first=Shubhangi |date=19 January 2023 |title='Don of all dons, murderer, wrestling reformer' — WFI chief & MP Brij Bhushan's colourful life |url=https://theprint.in/india/don-of-all-dons-murderer-wrestling-reformer-wfi-chief-mp-brij-bhushans-colourful-life/1323788/ |access-date=29 April 2023 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429201758/https://theprint.in/india/don-of-all-dons-murderer-wrestling-reformer-wfi-chief-mp-brij-bhushans-colourful-life/1323788/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, he was later acquitted in both cases.<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web |date=28 April 2023 |title=Even a murder case against Brij Bhushan: Kapil Sibal to Supreme Court |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/brij-bhushan-has-40-cases-against-him-kapil-sibal-to-supreme-court-101682678494923.html |access-date=29 April 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430100136/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/brij-bhushan-has-40-cases-against-him-kapil-sibal-to-supreme-court-101682678494923.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="the-wire-profile-of-brij-bhushan">{{cite news |last1=Goswami |first1=Deepak |date=25 April 2023 |title=Who Is BJP MP Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh, at the Heart of Serious Charges By Wrestlers? |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |url=https://thewire.in/politics/brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-profile |access-date=9 May 2023 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425083323/https://thewire.in/politics/brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-profile |url-status=live }}</ref>

He was at the centre of accusations of [[sexual harassment]] of India's top female wrestlers before getting cleared of the charges.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-27 |title=Brij Bhushan Singh: India's ex-wrestling chief cleared of sexually harassing girl |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2qd4k0nwqo |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Seven female wrestlers, including one minor, had testified against him in a [[first information report]] (FIR).<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=India's top female wrestlers are camping on the streets of New Delhi. Here's why |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/02/india/india-wrestlers-protest-sexual-assault-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512212921/https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/02/india/india-wrestlers-protest-sexual-assault-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Why are top Indian wrestlers protesting on the streets? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/4/why-are-top-indian-wrestlers-protesting-on-the-streets |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512111309/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/4/why-are-top-indian-wrestlers-protesting-on-the-streets |url-status=live }}</ref> These accusations led to the 2023 [[2023 Indian wrestlers' protest|wrestlers' protests]] at [[Jantar Mantar]] in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2023 |title=Delhi Police register FIRs in wrestlers' case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/will-file-fir-in-wrestlers-sexual-harassment-case-delhi-police-informs-sc/article66788971.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501174116/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/will-file-fir-in-wrestlers-sexual-harassment-case-delhi-police-informs-sc/article66788971.ece |archive-date=1 May 2023 |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=www.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Anand |first1=Nisha |title=Who is BJP MP Brij Bhushan Singh, wrestling body chief accused of sexual harassment |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/brij-bhushan-singh-accused-of-sexual-harassment-by-top-wrestlers-who-is-he-vinesh-phogat-101682329661541.html |access-date=9 May 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=25 April 2023 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509082531/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/brij-bhushan-singh-accused-of-sexual-harassment-by-top-wrestlers-who-is-he-vinesh-phogat-101682329661541.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh was born on 8 January 1957 in the [[Rajput]] family of Shri Jagdamba Sharan Singh and Smt. Pyari Devi Singh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members: Lok Sabha |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=438 |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=164.100.47.194 |archive-date=18 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220918092640/http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=438 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Supriya |title=In Uttar Pradesh, big dons aren't afraid to cry in public |url=http://scroll.in/article/661744/in-uttar-pradesh-big-dons-arent-afraid-to-cry-in-public |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=Scroll.in |date=14 April 2014 |language=en-US |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502122835/https://scroll.in/article/661744/in-uttar-pradesh-big-dons-arent-afraid-to-cry-in-public |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=21 January 2023 |title=BJP MP accused of harassing wrestlers is a controversial bahubali with a wide fanbase |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-mp-accused-of-harassing-wrestlers-is-a-controversial-bahubali-with-a-wide-fanbase/article66417592.ece |url-status=live |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421153006/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-mp-accused-of-harassing-wrestlers-is-a-controversial-bahubali-with-a-wide-fanbase/article66417592.ece |archive-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> He studied law at [[K.S. Saket P.G. College|Saket P.G. College]] in Ayodhya.<ref name="the-wire-profile-of-brij-bhushan" />

==Family==
He married [[Ketki Devi Singh]] in 1981; they have three sons and a daughter. In 2004, their elder son, Shakti Sharan Singh, committed suicide at the age of 23. Reportedly, he shot himself with a licensed pistol and blamed his father's selfish attitude in a suicide note.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh, the controversial WFI president |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2023/01/21/who-is-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-the-controversial-wfi-president.html |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=The Week |language=en |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518162446/https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2023/01/21/who-is-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-the-controversial-wfi-president.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=In death, a signal to a VIP father - Frustrated by indifference, MP's son kills himself |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/in-death-a-signal-to-a-vip-father-frustrated-by-indifference-mp-s-son-kills-himself/cid/737927 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518162445/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/in-death-a-signal-to-a-vip-father-frustrated-by-indifference-mp-s-son-kills-himself/cid/737927 |url-status=live }}</ref> His other sons are [[Prateek Bhushan Singh]], who has been the BJP MLA of [[Gonda Assembly constituency|Gonda]] since 2017, and [[Karan Bhushan Singh]], who is the vice president of WFI and is succeeding Brij Bhushan as the BJP's MP candidate from [[Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kaiserganj]].<ref name="livemint.com">{{cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=BJP drops Brij Bhushan Singh, fields his son Karan Bhushan Singh from Kaiserganj |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024-bjp-brij-bhushan-singh-son-karan-bhushan-singh-kaiserganj-constituency-11714648648084.html}}</ref><ref name="newslaundry.com">{{cite web |date=23 January 2023 |title='Baahubali', braggart, all-round bigwig: Why WFI chief Brij Bhushan Singh thinks he's above the law |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/01/23/baahubali-braggart-all-round-bigwig-why-wfi-chief-brij-bhushan-singh-thinks-hes-above-the-law}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh is a six-time [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], five times as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and once as a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref name="the-wire-profile-of-brij-bhushan"/> In his early political career, he was closely associated with the erstwhile [[Anand Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Raja of Mankapur, Anand Singh]], serving as a junior aide for several years. Following differences, he broke away and contested against [[Anand Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Anand Singh]] in the 1989 Uttar Pradesh Sugarcane Federation elections. Drawing on the political experience gained during this period, he later challenged Anand Singh again in the 1991 Lok Sabha elections on a [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ticket taking advantage of the [[Ram Janmabhoomi|Ram Janmabhoomi movement]]. In 1991, he was elected to the [[10th Lok Sabha]] from [[Gonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gonda]] constituency in [[Uttar Pradesh]] as the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate. He was re-elected to the [[13th Lok Sabha]] in 1999 from the same constituency. In 2004, he was re-elected to [[14th Lok Sabha]] from [[Balrampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balrampur constituency]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] state on the BJP ticket.

On 20 July 2008, he joined the [[Samajwadi Party]] after the BJP expelled him for cross-voting in the parliament during the [[2008 Lok Sabha vote of confidence]].<ref name="the-wire-profile-of-brij-bhushan" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=20 June 2022 |title=Bal Thackeray's Legacy: How 'Reluctant Politician' Uddhav Has Mastered The Art Of Politics As Raj Looks The Other Way |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/bal-thackeray-s-legacy-from-a-reluctant-politician-how-uddhav-has-mastered-the-art-of-politics-as-raj-looks-the-other-way-news-203395 |access-date=8 July 2022 |magazine=Outlook India |language=en |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708094101/https://www.outlookindia.com/national/bal-thackeray-s-legacy-from-a-reluctant-politician-how-uddhav-has-mastered-the-art-of-politics-as-raj-looks-the-other-way-news-203395 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2009, he was re-elected to [[15th Lok Sabha]] from [[Kaiserganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaiserganj constituency]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] state. He rejoined the BJP months before the 16th general election and is currently a member of [[List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha|17th Lok Sabha]] from BJP. He was the President of [[Wrestling Federation of India]] (WFI) from 2012 to 2023.

== Positions held==
Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh was elected 6 times as Lok Sabha MP from 3 different constituencies.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! # !! From !! To !! Position
!Constituency!! Party
|-
| 1.
| 1991
| 1996
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (1st term) in [[10th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Gonda Lok Sabha constituency|Gonda]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| 2.
| 1999
| 2004
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (2nd term) in [[13th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Gonda Lok Sabha constituency|Gonda]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| 3.
| 2004
| 2009
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (3rd term) in [[14th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Balrampur Lok Sabha constituency|Balrampur]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| 4.
| 2009
| 2014
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (4th term) in [[15th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kaiserganj]]
| [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|-
| 5.
| 2014
| 2019
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (5th term) in [[16th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kaiserganj]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| 6.
| 2019
| 2024
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (6th term) in [[17th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kaiserganj]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|}

==Controversies==
According to police records, 38 criminal cases were lodged against Brij Bhushan Singh between 1974 and 2007.<ref name="hindustantimes.com" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vaishnav |first=Milan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0nJDQAAQBAJ |title=When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics |date=24 January 2017 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-22474-0 |language=en |access-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514014855/https://books.google.com/books?id=g0nJDQAAQBAJ&newbks=0 |archive-date=14 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> In particular, the [[First information report|FIRs]] were filed under the stringent Gangsters<ref>{{Cite web |title=सासद ने कहा गाधी नहीं माफिया हूं मैं - |url=https://www.jagran.com/news/national-i-am-not-gandhi-i-am-a-mafia-man-sp-mp-brij-bhushan-9710174.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512212224/https://www.jagran.com/news/national-i-am-not-gandhi-i-am-a-mafia-man-sp-mp-brij-bhushan-9710174.html |archive-date=12 May 2023 |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=I am not Gandhi, I am a mafia man: SP MP |url=https://www.news18.com/videos/politics/sp-mp-sot-512775.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512212224/https://www.news18.com/videos/politics/sp-mp-sot-512775.html |archive-date=12 May 2023 |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> and Goonda Acts<ref>{{Cite news |title=A Wrestle For Justice At Jantar Mantar |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/a-wrestle-for-justice-magazine-285017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512212224/https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/a-wrestle-for-justice-magazine-285017 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |access-date=12 May 2023 |work=Outlook India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 May 2014 |title=Brij Bhushan shares space with Advani and Dawood in CBI files |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/brij-bhushan-shares-space-with-advani-and-dawood-in-cbi-files/articleshow/34611371.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428170515/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/brij-bhushan-shares-space-with-advani-and-dawood-in-cbi-files/articleshow/34611371.cms |archive-date=28 April 2023 |access-date=12 May 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> for various charges, including theft, [[dacoity]], murder, criminal intimidation, attempt to murder and kidnapping, though he was acquitted in most of the cases according to his election affidavit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Salaria |first=Shikha |date=8 May 2023 |title=History sheeter with no convictions — muscle power & the alleged crimes of Brij Bhushan |url=https://theprint.in/?p=1559187 |access-date=8 May 2023 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2022 |title=BJP MP Brij Bhushan, two others acquitted in 29-year-old case |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/bjp-mp-brij-bhushan-two-others-acquitted-in-29-year-old-case-101671473598364.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508191540/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/bjp-mp-brij-bhushan-two-others-acquitted-in-29-year-old-case-101671473598364.html |archive-date=8 May 2023 |access-date=8 May 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KAISERGANJ(UTTAR PRADESH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/loksabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=11448 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505191826/https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=11448 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=8 May 2023 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

===Legal issues===
Singh encountered as many as 38 cases against him under various charges including theft, criminal intimidation, murder, attempt to murder, rioting, and kidnapping.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://theprint.in/india/history-sheeter-with-no-convictions-muscle-power-the-alleged-crimes-of-brij-bhushan/1559187/ |access-date=29 May 2023 |publisher=The Print |date=8 May 2023 |title=History sheeter with no convictions — muscle power & the alleged crimes of Brij Bhushan |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529202154/https://theprint.in/india/history-sheeter-with-no-convictions-muscle-power-the-alleged-crimes-of-brij-bhushan/1559187/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1992, he was involved in the [[Babri Masjid]] Demolition case and, along with 39 other people, was arrested by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI). He was the prime suspect but was acquitted by the [[Supreme Court of India]] in 2020. According to ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'', he later said, "During the movement, I was the first person from the area to be arrested by Mulayam Singh. I was also the first person arrested by the CBI after the controversial structure was demolished."<ref name="the-wire-profile-of-brij-bhushan" />

In 1993, under the [[Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act]], he was charged with helping associates of Dawood Ibrahim, who allegedly organised the J.J Hospital Shootout in Mumbai. He was acquitted after spending several months in jail.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ranjan |first=Mukesh |date=29 January 2023 |title=Wrestling Federation of India chief and BJP MP Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh no stranger to controversies |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/wfi-chief-brij-bhushan-no-stranger-to-controversies-474835 |access-date=5 May 2023 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505032434/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/wfi-chief-brij-bhushan-no-stranger-to-controversies-474835 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="the-wire-profile-of-brij-bhushan" />

===Corruption allegations===
In his Lok Sabha 2019 affidavit, Singh declared his total liabilities and assets amounting to around {{INR}}11 crore.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2023 |title=Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KAISERGANJ(UTTAR PRADESH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=11448 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224143331/https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=11448 |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023}}</ref> Nevertheless, he reportedly owns two helicopters, one private jet, as well as a number of schools, colleges, hotels, and hospitals.<ref>{{cite news |title=Helicopters, luxury vehicles, over 50 schools, colleges: Vast property owned by embattled WFI boss Brij Bhushan Singh |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-helicopters-luxury-vehicles-over-50-schools-colleges-vast-property-owned-by-embattled-wfi-boss-brij-bh-3018671 |access-date=24 December 2023 |work=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Shukla |first1=Ram Shiromani |date=14 May 2023 |title=Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh: The Power Broker Who Also Wrestles |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-the-power-broker-who-also-wrestles |access-date=24 December 2023 |work=National Herald |language=en}}</ref>

===Admitting to committing murder===
In a video interview with the web portal ''[[The Lallantop]]'' in 2022, Brij Bhushan stated, "I have committed a murder in the past. Whatever people may say, I did commit a murder. I immediately shot and killed the person who had shot Ravinder dead". Ravinder Singh was his close friend.<ref name="the-wire-profile-of-brij-bhushan" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Watch: When WFI President Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh said on camera that he murdered a person |url=https://www.dailyo.in/news/watch-when-wfi-president-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-said-on-camera-that-he-murdered-a-person-38648 |work=www.dailyo.in |language=en |access-date=30 May 2023 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530031431/https://www.dailyo.in/news/watch-when-wfi-president-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-said-on-camera-that-he-murdered-a-person-38648 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== As president of WFI ===
After he became the president of the [[Wrestling Federation of India]] (WFI), in an interview with ''[[The Indian Express]]'', he said, "They [wrestlers] are strong boys and girls. You need someone strong to control them. Is there anyone stronger than me here?"<ref name="the-wire-profile-of-brij-bhushan" /><ref name="indian-express-wrestler-protests">{{cite news |last1=Manral |first1=Mahender Singh |last2=Vasavda |first2=Mihir |date=24 April 2023 |title=Sexual harassment: Wrestlers cite incidents dating back to 2012, allege some took place at Brij Bhushan's MP bungalow |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/wrestlers-police-complaint-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-sexual-harassment-8571598/ |access-date=25 April 2023 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424204226/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/wrestlers-police-complaint-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-sexual-harassment-8571598/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2021, during a Junior Wrestling Tournament, he was caught on camera slapping a wrestler on stage.<ref name="the-wire-profile-of-brij-bhushan" /><ref name="slapping on stage">{{cite news |title=Ranchi: BJP MP Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh loses cool, slaps young wrestler on stage {{!}} News - Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/ranchi-bjp-mp-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-loses-cool-slaps-young-wrestler-on-stage/videoshow/88352772.cms |work=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=30 May 2023 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530033136/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/ranchi-bjp-mp-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-loses-cool-slaps-young-wrestler-on-stage/videoshow/88352772.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Allegations of sexually assaulting female wrestlers===
{{Main|2023 Indian wrestlers' protest}}
In January 2023, a group of Olympians and international wrestlers including [[Vinesh Phogat]], [[Sakshi Malik]], [[Bajrang Punia]], and others organised a sit-in demanding disbanding of the federation due to alleged sexual harassment of female wrestlers by Brij Bhushan. The protests resumed in April 2023 due to government inaction. The protestors demanded that police file an FIR against Brij Bhushan and called for his immediate arrest. The incidents of sexual harassment cited by protestors ranged from 2012 to 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Head of Indian wrestling federation accused of sexual harassment |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/19/head-of-indian-wrestling-federation-accused-of-sexual-harassment |access-date=25 April 2023 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |agency=Reuters in Delhi |date=19 January 2023 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424204226/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/19/head-of-indian-wrestling-federation-accused-of-sexual-harassment |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Manral |first1=Mahender Singh |last2=Vasavda |first2=Mihir |title=Sexual harassment: Wrestlers cite incidents dating back to 2012, allege some took place at Brij Bhushan's MP bungalow |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/wrestlers-police-complaint-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-sexual-harassment-8571598/ |access-date=25 April 2023 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=24 April 2023 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424204226/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/wrestlers-police-complaint-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-sexual-harassment-8571598/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian wrestlers demand arrest of federation chief at sit-in |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2023/4/24/indian-wrestlers-resume-protest-against-federation-chief |access-date=25 April 2023 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=24 April 2023 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424170115/https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2023/4/24/indian-wrestlers-resume-protest-against-federation-chief |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 28 April 2023, only after the intervention of the Supreme Court, the Delhi Police registered two FIRs against him. One of the FIRs was registered under the [[Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act|POCSO Act]] (The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012) for offences against a minor. A second FIR was registered on similar grounds on the complaint of the remaining six adult female wrestlers.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports-blogs/wrestlers-protest-delhi-police-registers-two-fir-against-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-8581881/ | title=After SC prodding, 2 FIRs; wrestlers say won't rest until WFI chief arrested | date=28 April 2023 | access-date=28 April 2023 | archive-date=28 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428175315/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports-blogs/wrestlers-protest-delhi-police-registers-two-fir-against-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-8581881/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

According to a report by the ''[[Indian Express]]'', two female wrestler complainants described the way Brij Bhushan used to touch their breasts and stomach sexually on the pretext of checking their breath, in a police complaint on 21 April 2023. One of these women alleged that Brij Bhushan lifted her training jersey without her consent in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Manral |first1=Mahender Singh |last2=Koshie |first2=Nihal |title=On pretext of checking breath, Brij Bhushan touched breast, stomach: 2 wrestlers to police |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/on-pretext-of-checking-breath-brij-bhushan-touched-breast-stomach-2-wrestlers-to-police-8594157/ |access-date=10 May 2023 |newspaper=[[Indian Express]] |date=7 May 2023 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509182801/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/on-pretext-of-checking-breath-brij-bhushan-touched-breast-stomach-2-wrestlers-to-police-8594157/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhar |first1=Aniruddha |title=WFI's Brij Bhushan touched inappropriately, 2 wrestlers tell Delhi Police: Report |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/wfi-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-touched-breast-stomach-wrestlers-protest-bajrang-punia-sakshi-malik-vinesh-phogat-101683448228791.html |access-date=10 May 2023 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=7 May 2023 |archive-date=10 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510103205/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/wfi-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-touched-breast-stomach-wrestlers-protest-bajrang-punia-sakshi-malik-vinesh-phogat-101683448228791.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 12 May, the Delhi Police recorded a statement from Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh regarding the sexual harassment charges levelled against him by female wrestlers<ref>{{cite news |title=SIT formed to probe sexual harassment charges against Brij Bhushan Singh, Delhi Police tell court |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1049003/sit-formed-to-probe-sexual-harassment-charges-against-brij-bhushan-singh-delhi-police-tell-court |access-date=12 May 2023 |work=[[scroll.in]] |date=12 May 2023 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512092922/https://scroll.in/latest/1049003/sit-formed-to-probe-sexual-harassment-charges-against-brij-bhushan-singh-delhi-police-tell-court |url-status=live }}</ref> and stated that a female DCP would head a SIT (Special Investigation Team) of 10 people against him.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

The FIRs in the case mention allegations against Brij Bhushan and WFI secretary Vinod Tomar. The allegations include demanding sexual favours for professional assistance in at least two cases, at least 15 incidents of sexual harassment which include inappropriate touching by running hands over breasts, touching the navel, several instances of intimidation including stalking, and a shared sense of fear and trauma.<ref name="indianexpress-list-of-allegations">{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Jignasa |date=2 June 2023 |title=Demands for sexual favours, at least 10 cases of molestation detailed in 2 FIRs against Brij Bhushan |work=[[Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/demands-for-sexual-favours-at-least-10-cases-of-molestation-detailed-in-2-firs-against-brij-bhushan-8641505/ |access-date=2 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="ThePrint allegations">{{cite news |last1=Mandhani |first1=Apoorva |title='Left our rooms in groups to avoid being alone with him' — what FIRs against Brij Bhushan allege |url=https://theprint.in/india/left-our-rooms-in-groups-to-avoid-being-alone-with-him-what-firs-against-brij-bhushan-allege/1606612/ |access-date=1 June 2023 |work=[[ThePrint]] |date=1 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="thehindu-allegations-in-fir">{{cite news |last1=Tewari |first1=Samridhi |title=In FIR, wrestlers narrate traumatic experiences of sexual harassment by WFI chief Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/in-fir-wrestlers-narrate-traumatic-experiences-of-sexual-harassment-by-singh/article66921286.ece |access-date=2 June 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Manral |first1=Mahender Singh |title=He offered to buy me supplements if I gave in to sexual advances: wrestler |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/he-offered-to-buy-me-supplements-if-i-gave-in-to-sexual-advances-wrestler-8641492/ |access-date=2 June 2023 |work=[[Indian Express]] |date=2 June 2023}}</ref> The incidents range from years 2012 to 2022 at different places at restaurant, in the WFI office, at tournaments and at a warm-up. Incidents occurred during domestic as well as international tournaments abroad.<ref name="ThePrint allegations" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Manral |first1=Mahender Singh |last2=Koshie |first2=Nihal |title=On pretext of checking breath, Brij Bhushan touched breast, stomach: 2 wrestlers to police |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/on-pretext-of-checking-breath-brij-bhushan-touched-breast-stomach-2-wrestlers-to-police-8594157/ |access-date=9 May 2023 |work=[[Indian Express]] |date=7 May 2023 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509182801/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/on-pretext-of-checking-breath-brij-bhushan-touched-breast-stomach-2-wrestlers-to-police-8594157/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Vinesh Phogat]], who has won multiple medals at the [[World Wrestling Championships]], claimed she was "mentally harassed, tortured and threatened to be killed" by Brij Bhushan for complaining against him to Prime Minister Narendra Modi and then sports minister Anurag Thakur. She was made to face widespread media scrutiny under the guise of missing out on a medal at the [[2020 Summer Olympics|Tokyo Olympics in 2021]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sud |first1=Vedika |last2=Mogul |first2=Rhea |last3=Farooqui |first3=Sania |title=India's top female wrestlers are camping on the streets of New Delhi. Here's why |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/02/india/india-wrestlers-protest-sexual-assault-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=9 May 2023 |work=[[CNN]] |date=4 May 2023 |archive-date=10 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510090623/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/02/india/india-wrestlers-protest-sexual-assault-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinesh Phogat Gets Death Threats, Accuses WFI President Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh For Sexually Exploiting Women Wrestlers |url=https://www.india.com/sports/vinesh-phogat-gets-death-threats-accuses-wfi-president-brij-bhushan-sharan-singh-for-sexually-exploiting-women-wrestlers-5860052/ |access-date=31 May 2023 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Khare |first1=Vineet |title=Vinesh Phogat: India wrestler says she told PM Modi about harassment |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65478707 |access-date=31 May 2023 |work=[[BBC]] |date=4 May 2023}}</ref>

On 27 May 2025, Singh was cleared in one count of sexual harassment by a court in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news|title=India's ex-wrestling chief cleared in minor's sexual harassment case |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2qd4k0nwqo |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=[[BBC]]}}</ref>

On 7th July, Singh visited the village in Haryana, [[Charkhi Dadri]] which is the home district of Vinesh Phogat who was the main face in the protest against the singh. His visit created a widespread distress in the area to the people of Khap Panchayat. The panchayat opposed Singh’s visit citing rising tensions and they also issued a warning against the visit.<ref>https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/punjab-and-haryana/gurgaon/brijbhushan-sharan-singh-charkhi-dadri-visit-sparks-anger-on-vinesh-phogat-home-turf/articleshow/122286828.cms</ref>

Despite the opposition, Singh visited the village and shared the stage with
Olympian Indian wrestler [[Yogeshwar Dutt]] and also gave a speech. His visit was supported by some local organisations as well as a fraction of people from that village only.<ref>https://www.bhaskar.com/local/haryana/charkhi-dadri/news/haryana-charkhi-dadri-indian-wrestling-federation-former-president-brijbhushan-protest-farmer-organizations-khap-panchayats-anger-vinesh-phogat-insult-brotherhood-is-spoilt-rajput-sabha-135378148.html</ref>

==See also==
* [[Wrestling Federation of India]]
* [[2023 Indian wrestlers' protest]]

==References==
<references />

{{17th LS members from Uttar Pradesh}}{{16th LS members from Uttar Pradesh|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Brij Bhushan Sharan}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Gonda, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:People from Balrampur district]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Bahraich district]]
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Indian gangsters]]
[[Category:Crime in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sexual assault in sports]]
[[Category:Sexual misconduct allegations]]
[[Category:Sex crimes in India]]
[[Category:Sexual abuse cover-ups]]
[[Category:Indian crime bosses]]
[[Category:Criminals from Uttar Pradesh]]

The Ten Principal Upanishads

2026-03-13T04:13:22Z

KateCurmi92:

{{Short description|English translation of Sanskrit texts}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox book
| name = The Ten Principal Upanishads
| image = File:William Butler Yeats.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Photograph of W. B. Yeats during the long translation process for him and Swami's version of the Upanishads, c. 1933.
| author = [[W. B. Yeats]] 
[[Shri Purohit Swami]]
| title_orig =
| orig_lang_code =
| language = [[English language|English]]
| subject =
| genre =
| published = 1938
| pages =
| oclc =
| dewey =
| congress =
| native_wikisource =
| wikisource =
}}
'''''The Ten Principal Upanishads''''' is an English version of the [[Upanishads]] translated by the Irish poet [[W. B. Yeats]] and the [[Indian people|Indian]]-born [[sadhu|mendicant]]-teacher [[Shri Purohit Swami]]. The translation process occurred between the two authors throughout the 1930s and the book was published in 1938; it is one of the final works of W. B. Yeats.

==Background==
Irish [[theosophy|theosophist]]-writer [[George William Russell]] (also known as Æ) would often quote passages of the Upanishads to Yeats during their forty-year friendship and each time Yeats would say to himself: "Some day I will find out if he knows what he is talking about." The translations Yeats read (probably those by [[Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron|Anquetil-Duperron]], themselves based on the ''[[Sirr-i-Akbar]]'', a [[Persian language|Persian]] version by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]-mystic [[Dara Shukoh]]) left him incredulous, so upon meeting Shri Purohit Swami he proposed that the two of them translate the ancient text as though the original was written in common English,<ref>{{cite book |last=Yeats |first=W. B. |date=2003 |title=The Ten Principal Upanishads |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ii_XwAEACAAJ |location=New Delhi |publisher=Rupa Publications |page= |isbn=9789386869487}}
</ref> quoting the following line from [[Aristotle]] as part of his motivation:

{{blockquote|To write well, express yourself like the common people, but think like a wise man.}}

W.B. Yeats could not travel to India as planned, so the bulk of translation took place on the [[Mediterranean Sea|Western Mediterranean]] island of [[Majorca]] between the years 1935-1936, with the book finally being published in 1938. This bulk was during a time of rejuvenation for the health and creativity of W.B. Yeats (following a [[Eugen Steinach|Steinach operation]] in 1934, performed by Australian [[sexologist]]-physician [[Norman Haire|Dr. Norman Haire]]), as he notes in a 1935 letter: "I find my present weakness made worse by the strange second puberty the operation has given me, the ferment that has come upon my imagination. If I write poetry it will be unlike anything I have done".<ref>Letter to Dorothy Wellesley, 17 June 1935; cited [[Richard Ellmann|Ellmann]], "Yeats's Second Puberty", ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', 9 May 1985</ref>

While Yeats only knew English, Shri Purohit Swami knew [[Sanskrit]] as well as [[English language|English]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], and [[Marathi language|Marathi]]. Yeats and Swami also communicated with one another via letters between the years 1931–1938. Although much of the correspondence concerns their translation of the Upanishads, W.B. Yeats also inquired about Shree Purohit Swami's life (including his nine-year pilgrimage across India) and the two shared conversation on many other topics, exhibiting a fond friendship cemented together by their mutual interests in mystical principles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://library.udel.edu/special/findaids/view?docId=ead/mss0126.xml;tab=print |title=William Butler Yeats papers |author= |date= |website=library.udel.edu |publisher=University of Delaware |access-date=30 October 2020 |quote=}}</ref> On 28 January 1939, Yeats passed away in [[Menton]], [[France]], less than a year after the publication of his and Shri Purohit Swami's translation of the Upanishads.<ref name="NYTObit">Obituary. "[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0D1FF73958127A93C2AA178AD85F4D8385F9 W. B. Yeats Dead]". ''The New York Times'', 30 January 1939. Retrieved on 21 May 2007.</ref>

==Contents==
The chapters are listed as follows:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
#''The Lord ([[Isha Upanishad|Eesha-Upanishad]])''
#''At Whose Command? ([[Kena Upanishad|Kena-Upanishad]])''
#''From the Kāthak Branch of the Wedas ([[Katha Upanishad|Katha-Upanishad]])''
#''Questions ([[Prashna Upanishad|Prashna-Upanishad]])''
#''At the Feet of the Monk ([[Mundaka Upanishad|Mundaka-Upanishad]])''
#''At the Feet of Master Mandooka ([[Mandukya Upanishad|Māndookya-Upanishad]])''
#''From the Taittireeya Branch of the Wedas ([[Taittiriya Upanishad|Taittireeya-Upanishad]])''
#''At the Feet of Master Aitareya ([[Aitareya Upanishad|Aitareya-Upanishad]])''
#''The Doctrine of the Chhāndôgyas ([[Chandogya Upanishad|Chhāndôgya-Upanishad]])''
#''Famous Debates in the Forest ([[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad|Brihadāranyaka-Upanishad]])''
{{div col end}}

==See also==
*[[Mukhya Upanishads]]
*[[List of works by William Butler Yeats]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{W. B. Yeats|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ten Principal Upanishads}}
[[Category:Works by W. B. Yeats]]
[[Category:Upanishads]]

Savithri Sreedharan

2026-03-10T13:37:02Z

KateCurmi92:

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Savithri
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = Actress
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| years_active = 2018–present
}}

'''Savithri Sreedharan''' is an Indian theatre and film actress. She has been a part of several [[Calicut]]-based theatre groups for over forty years and made her film debut in 2018 in the film ''[[Sudani from Nigeria]]'' which earned her a [[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)|Special Mention]] at the [[66th National Film Awards]].<ref name="nationalaward">{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/savithri-sreedharan-and-joju-george-on-top-of-the-world/article28953828.ece |title=Savithri Sreedharan and Joju George on top of the world |newspaper=The Hindu |location=Chennai |author=Praveen, S.R. |date=9 August 2019 |access-date=10 August 2019 |archive-date=13 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313163808/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/savithri-sreedharan-and-joju-george-on-top-of-the-world/article28953828.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Her other major films are ''[[Virus (2019 film)|Virus]]'' (2019) and ''[[Dakini (2018 film)|Dakini]]'' (2018).<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Savithri-Sreedharan |title=Savithri Sreedharan: Latest News, Videos and Photos of Savithri Sreedharan |website=Times of India |access-date=11 June 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708034727/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Savithri-Sreedharan |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life==

She is permanent professional drama actress last forty years in Malayalam drama world. Her association was Kozhikode-based drama theatres such as Kalimga, Sangamam, Stage Inda, Chiranthana theaters<ref name="mathrubhumi">{{cite web |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/features/sudani-from-nigeria-mother-s-savithri-sreedharan-sarasa-balussery-ktc-abudllah-soubin-shahir-1.2708533 |author=സോഹിൽ പി. |title=ഈ ഉമ്മമാരോട് എല്ലാവരും ചോദിക്കുന്നു; ഇത്രയും കാലം എവിടെയായിരുന്നു? | sudani from nigeria mother characters | sudani from nigeria umma| samuel ebola robinson |website=mathrubhumi.com |date=30 March 2018 |access-date=11 June 2019 |archive-date=7 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007121256/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/features/sudani-from-nigeria-mother-s-savithri-sreedharan-sarasa-balussery-ktc-abudllah-soubin-shahir-1.2708533 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Filmography==
*''All films are in [[Malayalam]] language unless otherwise noted''.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Savithri Sreedharan film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
|1991 || ''[[Kadavu (film)|Kadavu]]'' ||||
|-
|2010 || ''[[Valiyangadi (film)|Valiyangadi]]'' || Antharjanam ||
|-
|2013 || ''Breakfast'' || Old train passenger || Short film
|-
|2015 || ''[[The Mango People]]'' || Sarojini Nair || Short film
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018 || ''[[Sudani from Nigeria]]''|| Jameela ||
|-
| ''Dakini'' || Rosemary ||
|-
| rowspan="5" |2019 || ''[[Mera Naam Shaji]]'' || Pankajam ||
|-
| ''[[Virus (2019 film)|Virus]]'' || Jameela ||
|-
| ''[[Mohabbathin Kunjabdulla]]'' || Alima's neighbour ||
|-
| ''[[Ittymaani: Made in China]]'' || Inmate at old age home ||
|-
| ''Oru Kadathu Katha''|| Subaida ||
|-
|2020 || ''Urmila'' || Grandmother || Musical album
|-
|2021 || ''Ice Orathi'' || Nalini ||
|-
| rowspan="6" |2022 || ''[[Pada (film)|Pada]]'' || Kunji ||
|-
| ''Madappally United''|| Grandmother ||
|-
| ''Maahi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Paappan]]''|| Chacko's mother ||
|-
| ''Beyond 7 Seas''|| – ||
|-
| ''[[Mei Hoom Moosa]]'' || Narayani ||
|-
|2023 || ''[[Christy (2023 film)|Christy]]'' || Accama Tharian||
|-
|2024 || ''[[Vayasethrayaayi? Muppathiee..!!]]''||Vilasini ||<ref name="zeenews.releasedate">{{cite web |script-title=ml:Vayasethrayayi Muppathi: - 'വയസെത്രയായി'..... ഇമ്പമാർന്ന ഗാനങ്ങളുമായി പുതിയ ചിത്രം; റിലീസ് മാർച്ച് 29നു |url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/vayasethrayayi-muppathi-movie-release-on-march-29-180861 |trans-title=Vayasethrayayi Muppathi: 'How old are you'... A new film with melodious songs; The film will be released on March 29. (machine translation) |language=ml |publisher=[[Zee News]] |access-date=24 January 2024 |date=24 January 2024 |archive-date=1 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201085238/https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/vayasethrayayi-muppathi-movie-release-on-march-29-180861 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
{{Pending films key}}

==Dramas==
* Rajyasabha
* Ithu Bhoomiyanu
* Khafar
* Srishti
* Deepasthambham Mahascharyam
* Ijj Nalloru Manissanakan Nokk
* Pakida 12
* Padanilam
* Medapathu
* Akkarapacha
* Aalmarattam
* Karutha Vella
* Nottukal
* Thazhvara
* Thathwamasi
* Vazhiyambalam
* Kshanikkunnu Kudumbasametham

==Advertisements==
* Double Horse
* Sunlight

==Awards==
* 1977 – Kerala State Award for Best Theatre Artist<ref name="Savithri Sreedharan">{{cite web |title=Savithri Sreedharan – Character artist who played lovable Umma in 'Sudani From Nigeria' |date=14 April 2019 |url=http://mywordsnthoughts.com/myworld/all-about-kerala/savithri-sreedharan-character-artist-who-played-lovable-umma-in-sudani-from-nigeria/ |access-date=1 September 2019 |archive-date=23 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223232754/http://mywordsnthoughts.com/myworld/all-about-kerala/savithri-sreedharan-character-artist-who-played-lovable-umma-in-sudani-from-nigeria/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 1993 – Kerala State Award for Best Theatre Artist<ref name="Savithri Sreedharan"/>
* 2009 – [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] for Drama<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/drama-a-ksna/465 |title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award: Drama |publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628154909/http://www.keralaculture.org/drama-a-ksna/465 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 2018 – [[National Film Award - Special Mention (Feature Film)|National Film Award – Special Mention]]: ''[[Sudani from Nigeria]]''
* 2018 – [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Character Actress]]: ''[[Sudani from Nigeria]]''
* 2018 – Asianet Film Award for Best Supporting Actress: ''[[Sudani from Nigeria]]''
* 2018 – Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam: ''[[Sudani from Nigeria]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|9721988}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/features/sudani-from-nigeria-mother-s-savithri-sreedharan-sarasa-balussery-ktc-abudllah-soubin-shahir-1.2708533 |author=സോഹിൽ പി. |title=ഈ ഉമ്മമാരോട് എല്ലാവരും ചോദിക്കുന്നു; ഇത്രയും കാലം എവിടെയായിരുന്നു? | sudani from nigeria mother characters | sudani from nigeria umma | samuel ebola robinson |website=mathrubhumi.com |date=30 March 2018 |access-date=11 June 2019 |ref=none}}
* {{cite web |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/02/27/kerala-state-film-awards-2019-winners.html |title=Kerala State Film Awards | Jayasurya, Soubin, Nimisha are top winners | Manorama English | Entertainment |website=english.manoramaonline.com |access-date=11 June 2019 |ref=none}}

{{National Film Award Special Mention feature film}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sreedharan, Savithri}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam theatre]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Special Mention (feature film) National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]

Njananikshepam

2026-03-10T09:20:11Z

KateCurmi92: Creating A Info Needs Work

{{Short description|Malayalam-language magazine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox magazine
| title = {{lang|ml-latn|Njananikshepam}} ({{gloss|The Treasury of Knowledge}})
| logo =
| logo_size =
| image_file = Njananikshepam_Cover_Page.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = October 2014 cover page
| editor = Rev. Viju Varkey
| editor_title = Chief editor
| previous_editor =
| staff_writer =
| photographer =
| category = Magazine
| frequency = [[wikt:Monthly|Monthly]]
| circulation =
| publisher = [[Diocese of Madhya Kerala]]
| founder = [[Archdeacon K. Koshy]] and Reverend [[George Mathan]]
| founded = 1848
| firstdate = {{Start date|1848|11}}
| company =
| country = India
| based = [[Kottayam]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| website = 
| issn =
| oclc =
}}

'''{{Lang|ml-latn|Njananikshepam}}''' ([[Malayalam]]: {{Lang|ml|ജ്ഞാനനിക്ഷേപം}}) is one of the earliest printed magazines in the [[Malayalam]] language. The magazine is now published by the [[Madhya Kerala Diocese]] of [[Church of South India]].

==History==
{{Lang|ml-latn|Njananikshepam}} is one of the earliest publications from [[Kerala]] state. The magazine began publishing in 1848. Initially, the magazine had eight pages and was printed at the [[C.M.S. Press]], [[Kottayam]]. [[Archdeacon K. Koshy]] and the Reverend [[George Mathan]] were behind the publication.<ref>[http://pressacademy.org/content/history-media-kerala History of Media in Kerala]</ref>

==Content==

The magazine publishes various articles related to Christian theology, the history of the [[Church of South India]] and news about [[Madhya Kerala Diocese]]. Every edition includes a letter from the current bishop of the diocese, describing its activities. News articles from church organizations, i.e. women's fellowship, lay fellowship, youth movement, [[Bethel Ashram, Thiruvalla|Bethel Ashram]], choristers association, and the educational board are published every month. A news column named "Loka Jalakam", detailing major world news events, is also published every month.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Media in Kerala]]

[[Category:Monthly magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1848]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language magazines]]
[[Category:Christian magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Christian media in Kerala]]

Ali Mohammed Khan

2026-03-08T02:11:25Z

KateCurmi92: update intro and improved wording

{{Short description|Nawab of Katehir (c. 1707–1748)}}
{{Distinguish|Ali Muhammad Khan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = [[Nawab]] Ali Mohammed [[Khan (title)|Khan]] [[Bahadur (title)|Bahadur]] Rohilla
| title = [[Nawab]] of [[Rohilkhand|Katehir]] [[Nawab]] of [[Budaun|Badaun]] [[Nawab]] of [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]] [[Nawab]] of [[Bareilly]] [[Nawab]] of [[Moradabad]] [[Nawab]] of [[Aonla, Uttar Pradesh|Aonla]] [[Sardar]] of the [[Barech|Barech tribe]] [[Tribal chief|Chief]] of the [[Rohilla]]
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| succession = [[Rohilkhand]]
| moretext =
| reign = 1721–1748
| reign-type =
| coronation =
| cor-type =
| predecessor = Sardar Daud Khan Rohilla
| pre-type =
| successor = [[Abdullah Khan of Rohilkhand|Nawab Abdullah Khan Bahadur Rohilla]]
| succession1 = [[Badaun]]
| moretext1 =
| reign1 = 1721–1748
| reign-type1 =
| coronation1 =
| cor-type1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Rohilla|Sardar Daud Khan Rohilla]]
| pre-type1 =
| successor1 = [[Abdullah Khan of Rohilkhand|Nawab Abdullah Khan Bahadur Rohilla]]
| succession2 = [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]]
| moretext2 =
| reign2 = 1741–1748
| reign-type2 =
| coronation2 =
| cor-type2 =
| predecessor2 = Raja Ram Singh of Katehr
| pre-type2 =
| successor2 = [[Faizullah Khan|Nawab Faizullah Khan Bahadur Rohilla]]
| suc-type2 =
| regent2 =
| reg-type2 =
| succession3 = [[Bareilly]]
| moretext3 =
| reign3 = 1741–1748
| reign-type3 =
| coronation3 =
| cor-type3 =
| predecessor3 = Nawab Abd Un Nabi Khan
| pre-type3 =
| successor3 = [[Muhammad Yar Khan of Bareilly|Nawab Muhammad Yar Khan Bahadur Rohilla]]
| succession4 = [[Moradabad]]
| moretext4 =
| reign4 = 1741–1748
| reign-type4 =
| coronation4 =
| cor-type4 =
| predecessor4 = Raja Harnand
| pre-type4 =
| successor4 = [[Saadullah Khan of Rohilkhand|Nawab Saadullah Khan Bahadur Rohilla]]
| succession5 = [[Aonla, Uttar Pradesh|Aonla]]
| moretext5 =
| reign5 = 1721–1748
| reign-type5 =
| coronation5 =
| cor-type5 =
| predecessor5 =
| pre-type5 =
| successor5 = [[Abdullah Khan of Rohilkhand|Nawab Abdullah Khan Bahadur Rohilla]]
| birth_name = Prem Singh<ref name="Khoja">Khoja, Neelam. 2018. [https://dash.harvard.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/726de724-b17a-4c33-ab36-19509894d45e/content Sovereignty, Space, and Identity: The Politics of Power in Eighteenth Century Punjab]. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences.</ref>
| birth_date = 1707
| birth_place = [[Jansath]]
| death_date = 15 September 1748
| death_place = [[Aonla, Uttar Pradesh|Aonla]]
| burial_date =
| burial_place = [[Aonla, Uttar Pradesh|Aonla]]
| consort = 
| full name =
| era name =
| era dates =
| regnal name = Ali Muhammad Khan
| house = [[Rohilla Dynasty|Rohilla]] ''(by adoption from Nain/Nano Jats)<ref name="nain">{{cite book |title=Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society Volume 42 |date=1994 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society |page=24 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Journal_of_the_Pakistan_Historical_Socie/w_htAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&dq=jat+boy+by+the+name+of+prem+singh+nano&printsec=frontcover |quote= Among the captives was one handsome Jat boy by the name of Prem Singh Nano. Da'ud Khan was so attracted towards him that he adopted him as his son, initiated him into the Islamic belief, and named him Ali Muhammad Nano. Later, when the boy reached adulthood, Daud Khan declared him as his successor. Thus began the pedigree of the Nawwabs of Rampur.}}</ref>''
| house-type =
| father =
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| occupation = [[Subahdar]] of [[Sirhind-Fategarh|Sirhind]] and [[Rohilkhand]]
}}

'''Ali Muhammad Khan''' ({{circa}} 1707 – 15 September 1748), born as '''Prem Singh Nain''',<ref name="Khoja" /><ref name="nain" /> was the founder of the [[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]], and progenitor of the [[Rohilla dynasty]]. He succeeded his foster father, Daud Khan Barech, as chief of the [[Rohilla]]s at the age of fourteen, and was generally regarded as a non-oppressive ruler to the masses.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Strachley |first1=Sir John |title=Hastings and the Rohilla |page=14}}</ref> He was granted the right to use India's highest [[insignia]], the [[Mahseer#In_heraldry_(and_other_official_representations)|Mahseer]], by [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Muhammad Shah|Emperor Muhammad Shah]].{{cn|date=July 2025}}

His early death led to the [[regency]] of [[Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech]], despite Rehmat Khan's solemn oath on the [[Quran]] to fulfill the dying Ali Muhammad's will.{{cn|date=July 2025}}

== Early life ==
Ali Muhammad Khan, originally named Prem Singh Nain,<ref name="Khoja" /><ref name="nain" /> was born around 1707 into a [[Hindu Jats|Jat]] family.<ref>{{bulleted |1={{cite book |last1=Sastri |first1=K. A. Nilakanta |last2=Srinivasachari |first2=G. |author1-link=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri |title=Advanced history of India |year=1971 |publisher=Allied Publishers |oclc=976740387 |page=572 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dvkgAAAAMAAJ |quote=Ali Muhammad Khan, a converted Jat, built up a large principality with its seat at Aonla, 18 miles north-west of Bareilly city and gained recognition from the Delhi court.}} |2={{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Ishwari |author-link=Ishwari Prasad |title=India in the Eighteenth Century |date=1973 |publisher=Chugh Publications |oclc=732111 |page=152 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CmG2uojMOcC |quote=Daud was an adventurer of considerable ability and warlike spirit and in a short time gathered around himself a large number of followers. Ali Muhammad who was born of Jat parents was brought up by him as a child and converted to Islam.}} |3={{cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |author-link=Hari Ram Gupta |title=History of the Sikhs |volume=III: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire (1764–1803) |year=1999 |orig-year=1980 |publisher=[[Munshiram Manoharlal]] |isbn=978-81-215-0213-9 |oclc=165428303 |edition=2nd rev. |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82wwAQAAIAAJ |quote=The real founder of the Rohilla power was Ali Muhammad, from whom sprang the present line of the Nawabs of Rampur. Originally a Hindu Jat, who was taken prisoner when a young boy by Daud in one of his plundering expeditions, at village Bankauli in the parganah of Chaumahla, and was converted to Islam and adopted by him.}} |4={{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Bisheshwar |editor1-last=Banerjee |editor1-first=A. C. |editor2-last=Ghosh |editor2-first=D.K. |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume= 9 (1712–1772) |year=1978 |publisher=People's Publishing House |oclc=1405593320 |page=140 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggduAAAAMAAJ |chapter=Ruhelkhand and Farrukhabad |quote=There he is reported to have captured a Jat boy of about eight years whom he brought up as his son and named Ali Muhammad Khan, who lived to be his successor and the founder of the state of Ruhelkhand.}} |5={{cite book |last=Rashid |first=Abdur |editor-last=Husain |editor-first=Mahmud |display-editors=etal |title=A History of the Freedom Movement |volume=I: 1707–1831 |year=1957 |publisher=[[Pakistan Historical Society]] |oclc=1129482853 |page=304 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mo-GvHjoH-cC |chapter=The Rohillas |quote=Amongst other prisoners he obtained a young Jat boy of eight years.1 Daud took a fancy to him and adopted him as his son and named him 'Ali Muhammad Khan.}} |6={{cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ashirbadi Lal |author-link=Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava |title=The First Two Nawabs of Oudh |year=1954 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala & Co. Ltd. |oclc=678892685 |page=103 |edition=2nd rev. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUQeAAAAIAAJ |quote=While in the service of Mudar Shah of Madhkar, 13 miles east of Chandausi, Daud took part in an expedition against the ruler of Bankauli, 26 miles north of Bareilly, where fell into his hands among other things a handsome Jat boy of seven or eight years of age. He converted the boy into Islam, named him Ali Muhammad Khan and adopted him as his son.}} |7={{cite book |last=Khan |first=Iqbal Ghani |editor-last=Barnett |editor-first=Richard B. |title=Rethinking Early Modern India |year=2002 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-7304-308-6 |page=271 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jJuAAAAMAAJ |chapter=Technology and the Question of Elite Intervention in Eighteenth-Century North India |quote=Thus we witness the Ruhelas accepting an exceptionally talented non-Afghan, an adopted Jat boy, as their nawab, purely on the basis of his military leadership; ...}}}}</ref>{{Efn|Abdur Rashid notes that while the rest of the sources describe him as a Jat, one source states that he was an Ahir.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rashid |first=Abdur |title=History of the Muslims of Indo-Pakistan Sub-continent, 1707-1806 |publisher=Pakistan Research Society |year=1978 |volume=1 |pages=297 |quote=According to the Siyar-ul-Mutakhkhirin⁸ Ali Muhammad Khan was an Ahir by birth. According to others he was of Jat parentage.}}</ref> [[Jos J. L. Gommans]] also notes that he is mostly described as a Jat or an Ahir in contemporary sources.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gommans |first=Jos J. L.|author-link=Jos Gommans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-2TH8UYeAaoC&dq=most+of+the+contemporary+sources+call+him+a+jat+or+ahir&pg=PA120 |title=The Rise of the Indo-Afghan Empire: C. 1710-1780 |date=1995 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-10109-8 |page=120 |language=en |quote="Most of the contemporary sources, however, call him a Jat or an Ahir."}}</ref> Iqbal Husain states, "It is acknowledged on all hands that 'Ali Muḥammad Khan was not an Afghan. That he was a Saiyed is at best dubious; that he was a Jat, or of some other local peasant caste is more than probable."<ref name="Husain">{{cite book |last=Husain |first=Iqbal |title=The Ruhela Chieftaincies: The Rise and Fall of Ruhela Power in India in the Eighteenth Century |year=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563068-8 |page=41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hnRuAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>|group=note}} As a child, he was captured by Daud Khan Barech, the [[Barech]] chief, during a conflict with rival [[Zamindar]]s. Impressed by the boy, Daud chose to adopt him, convert him to [[Islam]], and give him a new name.<ref name="Irvine 1971 p.118 ">{{cite book | last=Irvine | first=W. | title=Later Mughal | publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri | year=1971 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC | access-date=2022-07-30 | page=118 | quote= Once Daud was sent against the village of Bankauli, in pargana Chaumahla, with which his employer was at feud. Along with the plunder taken on this occasion Daud obtained possession of a Jat boy seven or eight years of age, whom he caused to be circumcised and then adopted under the name of Ali Muhammad Khan.}}</ref>

According to the Inradus Sa'adat, Ali was a [[Hanafi]] Muslim belonging to the [[Qadiriyya|Qadiri]] Sufi Order, which was considered by them to be more closer to pure Islam than any other [[Tariqa|mystic order]] prevailing in India.<ref>{{Cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MGdXAAAAMAAJ&q=Nawab+%27+Ali+Muhammad+Khan+was+Hanafi+Muslim+belonging+to+Qadria+order+of+the+Muslim+sufis+,+which+conforms+more |title=Life of Hafiz Rahmat Khan (Hayat-I-Hafiz Rahmat Khan).|author= Altaf Ali Brelvi |date=1966 |publisher=Academy of Educational Research, All Pakistan Education Conference }}</ref>{{Vn|date=December 2025}}

== Reign ==
{{further|Kingdom of Rohilkhand|Rohilla dynasty}}
He succeeded Daud Khan and develop Rohilkhand into a powerful nation, which became independent in 1721. Ali Muhammad Khan distinguished himself by helping in suppressing the rebellion of the [[Sadaat-e-Bara|Barah Sayyids]] under the chief Saifudddin Barha who had put the Mughal governor Marhamat Khan and all of his followers to death.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9jaXsOc-tEC&dq=saif+ali+jansath&pg=PA605 |title= Statistical, Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India: 3.:Meerut division part 2 · Volume 3 |page= 605 |date= 1876 |author= Edwin Thomas Atkinson |publisher= National Central Library of Florence }}</ref> As a reward Ali Muhammad Khan was given the title of Nawab by Muhammad Shah in 1737. In 1746, due to an altercation over the collection of wood between the construction workers of [[Safdarjung|Safdar Jang]] with the forest guards of Ali Muhammad Khan, Safdar Jang decided to eliminate him.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://rekhta.org/ebooks/akhbar-us-sanadeed-volume-001-mohammad-najmul-gani-khan-ebooks|title=Akhbar-us-Sanadeed, vol. 1|last=Khan|first=Muhammad Najm-ul-Ghani|publisher=Munshi Nawal Kishore|year=1918|location=Lucknow|pages=146–152}}</ref> [[Safdarjung|Safdar Jang]] of [[Oudh]] informed the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor of India [[Muhammad Shah]]<ref>Muhammad Shah (1702–1748) was a Mughal emperor of India between 1719 and 1748</ref> (ruled 1719–1748), through [[Itimad-ad-Daula, Qamar-ud-Din Khan|Qamar-ud-Din Khan]]<ref name=":0" /> about Ali Mohammed Khan's supposed intentions to create his own [[Sultanate]]. Mohammed Shah sent an expedition against him, as a result of which Muhammad Khan was imprisoned. Later he was pardoned and made governor of [[Sirhind]].<ref name=":0" /> After [[Nadir Shah]], the conqueror of [[Iran]], took control of [[Kabul]] and sacked [[Delhi]] in 1739, Ali Mohammed Khan returned to his homeland and ruled the independent state of Rohilkhand until his death in 1748.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

[[Faizullah Khan]] was the second son of Ali Muhammad Khan. He assumed rule of the Rohillas after Nawab Saidullah Khan.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

==Descendants==
In the 19th century, the descendants of Ali, specifically the [[Nawabs of Rampur]], claimed he was a [[Barha dynasty|Barha Sayyid]] and began using the title of [[Sayyid]]. However, they could not present any [[pedigree chart|pedigree]] or valid historical proof to support this claim.<ref name=":2" /> The Nawabs even hired a prominent [[Mawlawi (Islamic title)|maulvi]] of Rampur, Najmul Ghani, for establishing ancestry from [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]], which was generally rejected.<ref name="Srivastava">{{cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ashirbadi Lal |author-link=Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava |title=The First Two Nawabs of Oudh |year=1954 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala & Co. Ltd. |oclc=678892685 |page=103 |edition=2nd rev. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUQeAAAAIAAJ |quote=Contemporary Persian authorities say that Ali Muhammad Khan was of Jat parents. See Gulistan. 7; Abdulkarim, 88b, Ashob, 424; Siyar. II 480, A partisan attempt has, however, been made in modern times to prove that he was a Sayyid. Najmul Ghanl of Rampur has invented a false pedigree of the Khan, tracing it to Muhammad. The Maulvi’s discussion is altogether unconvincing and ridiculous. His object seems to be to prove that the present ruler of Rampur is a Sayyid.}}</ref>

The following is a list of his children:
* Nawab [[Abdullah Khan of Rohilkhand|Abdullah Khan]], first son from his wife Marghalari Begum (from Matni tribe)
* Nawab [[Faizullah Khan]], second son from his wife Marghalari Begum, would later found the [[Rampur State]]
* Nawab [[Saadullah Khan of Rohilkhand|Saadullah Khan]], from his wife Sarah Begum (of Bunerwal)
* Nawab [[Muhammad Yar Khan of Bareilly|Muhammad Yar Khan]], son from his wife Lado Begum
* Nawab Alah-Yar Khan, son from his wife Raj Begum - He died of consumption around the same time that his younger brother Murtaza died.
* Murtaza Khan, son - disgusted by Hafiz Rehmat Khan's unfair treatment, he left for Secunderabad where he died.
* Shah Begum, daughter, from wife Marghalari Begum (wife of Inayat Khan son of [[Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech|Hafiz Rehmat Khan]])
* Niyaz Begum, daughter [and wife of Shah Muhammad Khan brother of [[Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech|Hafiz Rehmat Khan]]],
* Masoom Begum, daughter, [and wife of [[Zabita Khan]]]
* Inayat Begum, daughter, [wife of Bahadur Khan Kamal Zai]
* a daughter, name unknown, who died in childhood and was engaged to a son of [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asif Jah I|Qamar-ud-din Khan]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://rekhta.org/ebooks/akhbar-us-sanadeed-volume-001-mohammad-najmul-gani-khan-ebooks|title=Akhbar-us-Sanadeed, vol. 1|last=Khan|first=Mohammad Najm-ul-Ghani Khan|publisher=Munshi Nawal Kishore|year=1918|location=Lucknow|pages=195–196}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Rohillas]]
* [[Rohilla dynasty]]
* [[Muslim Jats]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist|group=note}}


==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali Mohammed Khan}}
[[Category:18th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:Rohilla]]
[[Category:Pardon recipients]]
[[Category:1706 births]]
[[Category:1748 deaths]]
[[Category:Nawabs of India]]
[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Rohilkhand]]

Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay

2026-03-06T13:47:39Z

KateCurmi92: Minor edits and structural improvements

{{short description|Engagements near the end of the Burma Campaign during WWII}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Central Burma
| partof = the [[Burma campaign]], [[South-East Asian theatre of World War II|South-East Asian]] and [[Pacific War|Pacific Theaters]] of [[World War II]]
| image = SE 003071 Shermans driving on Meiktila.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = [[M4 Sherman|Sherman]] tanks and trucks of 63rd Motorised Brigade advancing from Nyaungyu to Meiktila, March 1945
| date = January – March 1945
| place = Central [[Burma]]
| result = Allied victory
| combatant1 = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
* {{flag|British India}}
{{flag|United States|1912}}
| combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}
* {{flagdeco|India|1931}} [[Azad Hind]]
([[Indian National Army]])
| commander1 = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim|William Slim]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Empire of Japan|army}} [[Heitarō Kimura]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 = 2,307 killed 15,888 wounded and missing<ref name=Allen_638>Allen (1984), p.638</ref>
| casualties2 = 6,513 killed 6,299 wounded and missing<ref name=Allen_638/>
| campaignbox =
{{Campaignbox Burma}}
}}
The concurrent '''Battle of Meiktila''' and '''Battle of Mandalay''' were decisive engagements near the end of the [[Burma campaign]] during [[World War II]]. Collectively, they are sometimes referred to as the '''Battle of Central Burma'''. Despite logistical difficulties, the Allies were able to deploy large armoured and mechanised forces in Central Burma, and also possessed [[air supremacy]]. Most of the Japanese forces in Burma were destroyed during the battles, allowing the Allies to later recapture the capital, [[Yangon|Rangoon]], and reoccupy most of the country with little organised opposition.

==Background==

===Japanese situation===
In 1944, the Japanese had sustained several defeats in the mountainous frontier regions of Burma and India. In particular, at the [[Battle of Imphal]] and [[Battle of Kohima]], the [[Japanese Fifteenth Army]] had suffered disastrous losses, mainly resulting from disease and starvation.

The heavy Japanese defeat prompted them to make sweeping changes among their commanders and senior staff officers in Burma. On 1 September 1944, Lieutenant General [[Hyotaro Kimura]] was appointed commander of the [[Japanese Burma Area Army|Burma Area Army]], succeeding Lieutenant General [[Masakazu Kawabe]] whose health had broken down. At this stage of the war, the Japanese were in retreat on most fronts and were concentrating their resources for the defence of the homeland. Kimura had formerly been Vice-Minister for War, and had held other posts with responsibility for mobilising Japanese industry for the war effort. It was hoped that he could use the rice fields, factories and oil wells of Burma to make the Japanese forces there logistically self-sufficient.<ref>Allen, pp.390-391</ref>

Lieutenant General Shinichi Tanaka was appointed to be Kimura's Chief of Staff, with day-to-day responsibility for operations. He had formerly commanded the [[18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|18th Infantry Division]] in Northern Burma, and had a reputation for inflexible determination.{{#tag:ref|In December 1942 Tanaka, then the Chief of Operations on the IJA General Staff, physically assaulted other officers who wished to withdraw from the [[Guadalcanal campaign]]. On that occasion Kimura, Vice Minister for War, was conciliatory and accepted blame for providing insufficient transport.<ref>{{cite book| last=Cox| first=Jeffrey R.| title=Blazing Star, Setting Sun| publisher=Bloomsbury| year=2020| pages=453-455| isbn=978 1 4728 4047 9}}</ref>|group=nb}} (In a reversal of roles in the aftermath of the Imphal disaster, the former Chief of Staff of the Burma Area Army, Lieutenant General [[Eitaro Naka]], was transferred to command the 18th Division.)<ref>Allen, p.386</ref>

Japanese losses in Burma and India in 1944 had been catastrophic. They were made up with drafts of conscripts, many of whom were not of the best physical categories. Kimura's staff decreed that their divisions in Burma should have a strength of 10,000 (compared with their paper establishment of nearer 25,000), but most divisions mustered barely half this reduced strength.<ref>Allen, p.392</ref> Furthermore, they lacked anti-tank weapons. To face massed Allied armour, they would be forced to deploy their field artillery in the front line, which would affect their ability to give concentrated fire support to the infantry. Expedients such as [[lunge mine]]s (an explosive charge on the end of a long pole), or suicide attacks by men wearing explosive charges, were not effective if the enemy tanks were closely supported by infantry.

Other losses handicapped the Japanese. Their 5th Air Division, deployed in Burma, had been reduced to only a few dozen aircraft to face 1,200 Allied aircraft. Their 14th Tank Regiment possessed only 20 tanks.<ref>Allen, p.393</ref>

Kimura accepted that his forces stood little chance against the numerically and materially superior Allies in open terrain. He therefore intended that while the [[Twenty-Eighth Army (Japan)|Twenty-Eighth Army]] defended the coastal [[Arakan Province]], relying on the difficult terrain to slow the Allied advances, and the [[Thirty-Third Army (Japan)|Thirty-Third Army]] continued to fight rearguard actions against the American and [[History of the Republic of China|Chinese]] forces which were trying to open a land route from India to China, the [[Fifteenth Army (Japan)|Fifteenth Army]] would withdraw behind the [[Irrawaddy River]].<ref>Allen, pp.392-393</ref> He hoped that the Allies would be overstretched trying to overcome this obstacle, perhaps to the point where the Japanese might even attempt a counteroffensive.

===Allied situation===
[[File:Allied Third Burma Campaign June 1944-May 1945.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Series of maps showing the progress of the battles and their relation to the South East Asian theatre of war]]

The Allied [[South East Asia Command]] had begun making plans to reconquer Burma as early as June 1944 (while the Battle of Imphal was still being fought, although its outcome was clear). Three main options were proposed. One was to reoccupy Northern Burma only, to allow the [[Ledo Road]] to be completed, thus linking India and China by land. This was rejected, as it could use only a fraction of the available forces and fulfilled only an out-of-date strategic aim. A second option was to capture Rangoon, the capital and main seaport, by a seaborne invasion. This was also impractical, as it would require landing craft and other resources which would not be available until the end of the War in Europe. By default, the plan adopted was for an offensive into Central Burma by the [[British Fourteenth Army]] under Lieutenant General [[William Slim]], to reconquer Burma from the north. The operation, originally codenamed ''[[Operation Capital]]'', which was intended to capture [[Mandalay]] in Central Burma, was renamed ''[[Operation Extended Capital]]'' to encompass a subsequent pursuit to Rangoon.<ref>Slim, pp.368-369</ref>

In support of Fourteenth Army's offensive, the [[XV Corps (British India)|Indian XV Corps]] would advance in the coastal province of [[Rakhine State|Arakan]]. The corps was also ordered to seize or construct airfields on the coast and on islands just offshore, which could be supplied by sea and which would be used as bases from which aircraft would supply Slim's troops. The American-led [[Northern Combat Area Command]], consisting mainly of Chinese troops, would continue its advance to link up with Chinese armies attacking from [[Yunnan]] province in south-west China and thus complete the Ledo Road linking China and India. It was hoped that XV Corps and the NCAC would distract as many Japanese forces as possible from the decisive front in Central Burma.

The chief problems which Fourteenth Army would face were logistical. The advancing troops would need to be supplied over crude roads stretching for far greater distances than were ever encountered in Europe. Although expedients such as locally constructed river transport and temporary all-weather coverings for roads (made from coarse [[Hessian (cloth)|hessian]] sacking material impregnated with bitumen and diesel oil) were to be used, transport aircraft were to be vital for supplying the forward units. Disaster threatened as early as 16 December 1944, when 75 American transport aircraft were abruptly transferred to China, where the Japanese [[Operation Ichi-Go]] was threatening American airfields.<ref name=Allen400>Allen, p.400</ref> Although aircraft were hastily transferred from the [[Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of World War II|Mediterranean theatre]] to replace those despatched to China, continuing threats to deprive Fourteenth Army of the support of American transport aircraft were to be a constant concern for Slim during the forthcoming battles.<ref>Slim, p.387</ref>

The Fourteenth Army was supported by 221 Group [[Royal Air Force|RAF]], which operated [[B-25 Mitchell]] bombers, [[Hawker Hurricane]] and [[P-47 Thunderbolt]] fighters and long-range [[Bristol Beaufighter]] fighter-bombers.<ref>McLynn, p.379</ref> They could also call upon the [[B-24 Liberator]] heavy bombers of the Far Eastern Strategic Air Force. The most important aspect of air support was probably the Combat Cargo Task Force, which included both British and American squadrons of transport aircraft, in particular the ubiquitous [[C-47 Skytrain|C47]]. Fourteenth Army required 7,000 sorties by transport aircraft every day during the maximum intensity of the fighting.<ref name=Allen400/>

Most of Slim's divisions were on a mixed Animal and Mechanical Transport establishment, which allowed them to operate in difficult terrain but restricted their tactical speed of movement to that of marching men or mules. In anticipation of fighting in the open country of Central Burma, Slim reorganised two of his divisions ([[5th Indian Infantry Division|Indian 5th Division]] and [[17th Indian Infantry Division|Indian 17th Division]]) as partly [[Motorized infantry]] and partly [[Airlift#Tactical airlift|Airportable infantry]] formations.<ref>Slim, p.379</ref>

At this stage of the war, few British infantry reinforcements were available. In spite of expedients such as drafting anti-aircraft gunners into infantry units, the strength of Fourteenth Army's British formations and of the British units in its Indian formations was dropping, and Indian and Gurkha units were increasingly to bear the brunt of the actions which followed.<ref>Slim, p.370</ref>

===Intelligence===
In the coming campaign, both the Allies and Japanese were to suffer from lack of intelligence about the enemy, and make incorrect assumptions about their opponent's intentions.

The Allies had undisputed air superiority. In addition to the results of aerial reconnaissance, they also received reports from behind enemy lines from the reconnaissance units [[V Force]] and [[Z Force (Burma)|Z Force]] and the resistance liaison organisation [[Force 136]]. However, they lacked the detailed information available to commanders in Europe through [[Ultra (cryptography)|Ultra]] radio intercepts. Japanese radio security was good; rather than cipher machines such as the [[Enigma machine]], which the Ultra operation was able to decipher on a large scale, they used "code books and then extremely tough enciphering methods to conceal the coded text..."<ref name=Hastings512>Hastings (2015), p.512</ref> Japanese formation headquarters also sent far less compromising radio traffic than their German (or Allied) counterparts.<ref name=Hastings511>Hastings (2015), pp.511-512</ref> Only near the end of the battle, when the Japanese signal and staff arrangements largely collapsed, did the Allies gain significant [[signals intelligence]]. Also, the Allied armies in the field had too few Japanese linguists, to translate intercepted messages and captured documents.<ref>Allen, pp.394-396</ref><ref name=Hastings511/>

On the other hand, the Japanese were almost blind. They had very few aircraft with which to fly air reconnaissance missions, and they would receive little information from the Burmese population which was becoming disillusioned and restive under Japanese military control. Some formations had set up their own intelligence organisations; for example, Twenty-Eighth Army had created a branch of the [[Hikari Kikan]], known as ''Hayate Tai'', whose agents lived deep under cover in the frontier regions of Burma and in some of the remoter regions of Southern Burma.<ref>Allen, p.501-503</ref> However, these agents could not acquire or report information quickly enough to be tactically useful in a fast-moving mechanised battle.

==Campaign==
As the monsoon season ended in late 1944, the Fourteenth Army had established two bridgeheads across the [[Chindwin River]], using prefabricated [[Bailey bridge]]s. Based on past Japanese actions, Slim assumed that the Japanese would fight in the Shwebo Plain, as far forward as possible between the Chindwin and Irrawaddy Rivers. On 29 November, [[19th Indian Infantry Division|Indian 19th Division]] launched [[IV Corps (United Kingdom)|British IV Corps]]' attack from the northern bridgeheads at [[Sittaung, Sagaing|Sittaung]] and [[Mawlaik]], and on 4 December, [[20th Indian Infantry Division|Indian 20th Division]] under [[XXXIII Corps (British India)|Indian XXXIII Corps]] attacked out of the southern bridgehead at [[Kalewa]].

Both divisions made rapid progress, with little opposition. The 19th Division in particular, under Major General [[Thomas Wynford Rees|"Pete" Rees]] was approaching the vital rail centre of Indaw, {{convert|80|mi|km}} east of Sittaung, after only five days. Slim realised at this point that his earlier assumption that the Japanese would fight forward of the Irrawaddy was incorrect. As only one of IV Corps' divisions had so far been committed, he was able to make major changes to his original plan. The 19th Division was transferred to XXXIII Corps, which was to continue to clear the Shwebo plain and attack towards Mandalay. The remainder of IV Corps, strengthened by Fourteenth Army's reserve divisions, was switched from the army's left flank to its right. Its task was now to advance down the Gangaw Valley ''west'' of the Chindwin, cross the Irrawaddy near [[Pakokku]] and seize the vital logistic and communication centre of [[Meiktila]] by a rapid armoured thrust. By seizing Meiktila he would strangle all supplies going north towards Mandalay and hasten the end of that battle and consequently the recapture of the whole of Burma. To persuade the Japanese that IV Corps was still advancing on Mandalay, a dummy corps HQ was set up near Sittaung. All radio traffic to 19th Division was relayed through this installation.

To allow the main body of their divisions to retreat across the Irrawaddy, the Japanese had left rearguards in several towns in the Shwebo Plain. During January, the Indian 19th Division and [[British 2nd Infantry Division|British 2nd Division]] cleared [[Shwebo, Sagaing|Shwebo]], while the Indian 20th Division had a hard battle to take [[Monywa]], a major river port on the east bank of the Chindwin. The Japanese rearguards were largely destroyed.<ref>Allen, pp.402, 409-410</ref> The Japanese also retained a foothold in the [[Sagaing]] hills, north of the Irrawaddy near Mandalay.

Meanwhile, IV Corps began its advance down the Gangaw Valley. To conceal the presence of heavy units of IV Corps as long as possible, the advance of [[7th Indian Infantry Division]], which was intended to launch the assault across the Irrawaddy, was screened by the East African 28 Infantry Brigade and the improvised [[Lushai Brigade]]. Where these two lightly equipped formations met Japanese resistance at [[Pauk, Myanmar|Pauk]], the town was heavily bombed by Allied aircraft to soften up the defenders.

The route used by IV Corps required upgrading in several places to allow heavy equipment to pass. At one point, the trail of vehicles stretched from Pauk to Kohima, {{convert|350|mi|km}} to the north by road.<ref>Allen, p.415</ref>

===Crossing the Irrawaddy===
{{Main|Battle of Pokoku and Irrawaddy River operations}}
The 19th Indian Division had slipped units across narrow stretches of the Irrawaddy at [[Thabeikkyin]] on 14 January 1945 and [[Kyaukmyaung (Sagaing)|Kyaukmyaung]] {{convert|20|mi|km}} south (and {{convert|40|mi|km}} north of Mandalay) the next day. They faced a stiff fight for some weeks against attempts by the reinforced [[15th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|Japanese 15th Division]] to counter-attack their bridgeheads. The crossings downstream, where the river was much wider, would require more preparation. The assault boats, ferries and other equipment for the task were in short supply in Fourteenth Army, and much of this equipment was worn out, having already seen service in other theatres.

Slim planned for 20th Division of XXXIII Corps and 7th Division of IV Corps to cross simultaneously on 13 February, so as to further mask his ultimate intentions. On XXXIII Corps' front, 20th Division crossed {{convert|20|mi|km}} west of Mandalay. It successfully established small bridgeheads, but these were counter-attacked nightly for almost two weeks by the [[31st Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|Japanese 31st Division]]. Orbiting patrols of fighter-bombers knocked out several Japanese tanks and guns. Eventually 20th Division expanded its footholds into a single firmly-held bridgehead.<ref>Allen, pp.413-414</ref>

In IV Corps's sector, it was vital for Slim's overall plan for 7th Division to seize the area around [[Pakokku]] and establish a firm bridgehead quickly. The area was defended by the Japanese 72nd Mixed Brigade and units of the 2nd Division of the [[Indian National Army]], under [[Shah Nawaz Khan (general)|Shah Nawaz Khan]]. The 214th Regiment of the Japanese 33rd Division held a bridgehead at Pakokku.

The crossing by Indian 7th Division (which was delayed for 24 hours to repair the assault boats), was made on a wide front. The 28th East African Brigade made a feint towards [[Yenangyaung]] to distract the Japanese 72nd Brigade while another brigade attacked Pakokku. However, both the main attack at [[Nyaungu]] and a secondary crossing at [[Bagan|Pagan]] (the former capital, and the site of many [[Buddhist]] temples) were initially disastrous. Pagan and Nyaungu were defended by two battalions of the INA's 4th Guerrilla Regiment, with one held in reserve.<ref name=Fay330>Fay (1993), p.330</ref> At Nyaungu, 2/[[South Lancashire Regiment]] suffered heavy losses as their assault boats broke down under machine-gun fire which swept the river.<ref>Fay (1993), p.332</ref> Eventually, support from tanks of the 116 Regiment [[Royal Armoured Corps]]{{#tag:ref|formerly the 5/9 (Strathbogie, Garioch and Strathdon) Battalion of the [[Gordon Highlanders]], formed by the amalgamation of two territorial battalions in 1941<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ordersofbattle.com/Units/UnitHistory?UniX=10507| title=Orders of Battle.com| access-date=24 November 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126002918/http://www.ordersofbattle.com/Units/UnitHistory?UniX=10507| archive-date=26 November 2016| url-status=dead}}</ref>|group=nb}} firing across the river and massed artillery suppressed the INA machine gun positions and allowed 4/[[15th Punjab Regiment]] to reinforce a company of the South Lancashire who had established a precarious foothold. The next day, the remaining defenders were sealed into a network of tunnels.<ref>Allen (1984), p.418</ref> At Pagan, 1/[[11th Sikh Regiment]]'s crossing fell into disorder under machine gun fire from the INA's 9th battalion,<ref>Fay (1993), p.333</ref> but a boat carrying a white flag was seen leaving Pagan. The defenders wished to surrender, and the Sikhs occupied Pagan without resistance.<ref>Allen (1984), pp.418-419</ref>

Slim noted in his memoirs that this action was "the longest opposed river crossing attempted in any theatre of the Second World War."<ref name=Fay330/><ref>Slim (1961), p.425</ref> Unknown to the Allies, Pagan was the boundary between the Japanese Fifteenth and Twenty-Eighth Armies. This delayed the Japanese reaction to the crossing.

Starting on 17 February, [[255th Indian Tank Brigade]] and the motorised infantry brigades of 17th Division began crossing into 7th Division's bridgehead. To further distract Japanese attention from this area, the British 2nd Division began crossing the Irrawaddy only {{convert|10|mi|km}} west of Mandalay on 23 February. This crossing also threatened to be a disaster due to leaky boats and faulty engines, but one brigade crossed successfully and the other brigades crossed into its bridgehead.

===Orders of battle===
At this point, the Japanese were hastily reinforcing their Central Front with units from the northern front (where the American-led Northern Combat Area Command had largely ceased its operations as its Chinese units were recalled to China) and with reserve units from Southern Burma.

{| class="wikitable"
! Japanese Order of Battle
![[Allies of World War II|Allied]] Order of Battle
|-
|valign="top" width="500"|
* [[Burma Area Army]] (Lieutenant General [[Hyotaro Kimura]])
** (under army command)
*** [[2nd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|2nd Division]] (being withdrawn to [[French Indo-China]])
*** [[49th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|49th Division]] (moving from Southern to Central Burma)
*** 14th Tank Regiment
*** 4th Artillery Regiment
** [[Fifteenth Army (Japan)|Fifteenth Army]] (Lieutenant General [[Shihachi Katamura]])
*** [[15th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|15th Division]] (north of Mandalay)
*** [[31st Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|31st Division]] (west of Mandalay)
*** [[33rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|33rd Division]] (Myingyan)
*** [[53rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|53rd Division]] (in local reserve, south of Mandalay)
** [[Twenty-Eighth Army (Japan)|Twenty-eighth Army]] (Lieutenant General [[Shozo Sakurai]])
*** [[54th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|54th Division]] (Arakan)
*** [[55th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|55th Division]] (Arakan and Southern Burma)
*** 72nd Independent Mixed Brigade (Lower Irrawaddy Valley)
** [[Thirty-Third Army (Japan)|Thirty-third Army]] (Lieutenant General [[Masaki Honda]])
*** [[18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|18th Division]] (moving to Central Burma)
*** [[56th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|56th Division]] (Shan States) NB
*** [[24th Mixed Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army)|24th Independent Mixed Brigade]] (withdrawing to [[Mawlamyaing|Moulmein]]) NB
** [[Indian National Army]]
*** 2nd Division ([[Mount Popa]])

NB unit did not participate in battle in Central Burma
|valign="top" width="500"|
* [[Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom)|British Fourteenth Army]] (Lieutenant General [[William Slim]])
** (under army command)
*** [[5th Indian Infantry Division]] (''motorised/air-transportable'') (joining IV Corps)
** [[IV Corps (United Kingdom)|IV Corps]] (Lieutenant General [[Frank Messervy]])
*** [[7th Indian Infantry Division]]
**** 28th (East African) Infantry Brigade
**** [[Lushai Brigade]] (being withdrawn to India)
*** [[17th Indian Infantry Division]] (''motorised/air-transportable'')
*** [[255th Indian Tank Brigade]] ([[M4 Sherman]] tanks)
** [[XXXIII Corps (British India)|XXXIII Corps]] (Lieutenant General [[Montagu Stopford]])
*** [[British 2nd Infantry Division]] (''motorised'')
*** [[19th Indian Infantry Division]]
*** [[20th Indian Infantry Division]]
*** [[268th Indian Infantry Brigade]] (''motorised'')
*** [[254th Indian Tank Brigade]] ([[M3 Lee|Grant]] and [[Stuart tank|Stuart]] tanks)
|}

===Capture of Meiktila===
[[File:Rajputana Rifles assault on Meiktila.jpg|right|thumb|[[Rajput Regiment|6/7th Rajput Regiment]] and tanks attack near Meiktila.]]
[[File:The War in the Far East- the Burma Campaign 1941-1945 SE3094.jpg|thumb|Punjab Rifles advance toward Meiktila under cover of a Sherman tank.]]
The Indian 17th Division, under Major General [[David Tennant Cowan]], sallied from the Nyaungu bridgehead on 20 February and reached [[Taungtha, Mandalay|Taungtha]], halfway to Meiktila, by 24 February. The division consisted of the [[48th Indian Infantry Brigade]] and [[63rd Indian Infantry Brigade]]s, both of which were fully motorised, with the 255th Indian Tank Brigade (less a regiment left with 7th Division) under command.

At the same time, on 24 February, a Japanese high-level staff meeting was taking place in Meiktila, to discuss the possibility of a counter-attack north of the Irrawaddy.<ref>Allen, pp.428-429</ref> The Japanese command was undoubtedly surprised by the Allied attack. An agitated officer on Mount Popa signalled that 2,000 vehicles were moving on Meiktila. Staff at Fifteenth Army or Burma Area Army assumed this to be a mistake and deleted one of the zeroes, thinking that the attack was merely a raid.<ref>Allen, p.432</ref> Burma Area Army had also ignored an earlier air reconnaissance report of a vast column of vehicles moving down the Gangaw Valley.<ref>Allen, p.416</ref>

On 26 February, the Japanese became aware of the true size of the threat, and began preparing Meiktila for defence. The town lay between lakes to the north and south, constricting any attackers' front. The defenders numbered about 4,000 and consisted of the bulk of Japanese 168th Regiment from the 49th Division, and anti-aircraft and line of communication troops. While they attempted to dig-in, the Indian 17th Division captured an airstrip {{convert|20|mi|km}} to the northwest at [[Thabutkon]]. The air-portable Indian 99th Brigade were flown in to the captured airstrip, and fuel was dropped by parachute for the armoured brigade.

Three days later, on 28 February, 17th Division attacked Meiktila from all sides, supported by massed artillery and air strikes. The 63rd Indian Brigade proceeded on foot to establish a roadblock southwest of the town to prevent Japanese reinforcements reaching the garrison, while the main body of the brigade attacked from the west. The 48th Indian Brigade attacked from the north down the main road from Thabutkon, although it was delayed by a strong position around a monastery on the edge of the town.<ref name=Slim434>Slim (1956), p.434</ref> The 255th Armoured Brigade, with two infantry battalions and a battery of [[Sexton (artillery)|Sexton]] self-propelled 25-pounder guns under command, left another roadblock to the northeast and made a wide sweep around the town to capture the airfields to the east and attack the town from the southeast. The bulk of the division's artillery (in a harbour northwest of the town, protected by units of the 99th Brigade) and air strikes were assigned to support 255th Brigade's attack.<ref name=Slim434/>

After the first day, Cowan pulled the tanks out of the town during the night, although he left patrols to defend the area already captured. The next day, 1 March, Cowan had the Corps commander (Lieutenant General [[Frank Messervy]]) and General Slim watching anxiously over his shoulder at his headquarters, both worried that the Japanese might hold out for weeks. In the event, in spite of desperate resistance, the town fell in less than four days. Although the Japanese had plenty of artillery, they were unable to concentrate their fire sufficiently to stop any single attacking brigade. Lack of anti-tank weapons gravely handicapped the defenders. Slim later described watching two platoons from 1/[[7th Gurkha Rifles]] supported by a single [[M4 Sherman]] tank overrun several Japanese bunkers and eliminate their defenders in a few minutes, with only a few casualties to themselves.<ref>Slim (1956), pp.436-439</ref> In an attempt to improvise anti-tank defences, some Japanese soldiers crouched in trenches, clutching {{convert|250|kg|lb|abbr=on}} aircraft bombs, with orders to strike the detonator when an enemy tank loomed over the trench. Most were shot by an officer of 255 Brigade and Indian soldiers.<ref>Allen, p.438</ref>

===Japanese siege of Meiktila===
The Japanese troops hastening to reinforce Meiktila were dismayed to find that they now had to recapture the town. The Japanese forces engaged were:

:49th Division
::106th Infantry Regiment
::168th Infantry Regiment (remnants only)
::49th Artillery Regiment

:18th Division
::55th Infantry Regiment
::56th Infantry Regiment
::18th Mountain Artillery Regiment
::214th Infantry Regiment (attached from 33rd Division)
::119th Infantry Regiment (attached from 53rd Division)
::"Naganuma Artillery Group" (attached)

:[[4th Infantry Regiment (Imperial Japanese Army)|4th Infantry Regiment]] (from 2nd Infantry Division)
:"Mori Special Force" (a battalion-sized long-range raiding force)

Many of the Japanese regiments, especially those of the 18th Division, were already weak after heavy combat in the preceding weeks. They numbered perhaps 12,000 men in total, with 70 guns. The Japanese divisions had no contact with each other, and lacked information on the enemy and even proper maps.<ref>Allen, pp.443, 446</ref> In Meiktila, the Indian 17th Division mustered 15,000 men, about 100 tanks and 70 guns, and were to be further reinforced during the battle.

Even as the Japanese forces arrived, columns of motorised Indian infantry and tanks sallied out of Meiktila and attacked concentrations of Japanese troops, while attempting to clear a land route back to Nyaungu. There was hard fighting for several villages and other strong points. The attempt to clear the roads failed, and 17th Division withdrew into Meiktila.

[[File:The British Army in Burma 1945 SE3302.jpg|thumb|A Burmese family living in a dug-out share tea with a British soldier in Meiktila, 10 March 1945]]

The first attacks by the Japanese 18th Division (commanded by Lieutenant General Eitaro Naka) from the north and west failed, with heavy losses.<ref>Allen, pp.443-445</ref> From 12 March onwards, they attacked the airfields east of the town, through which the defenders were supplied by aircraft. [[9th Indian Infantry Brigade]] (from [[5th Indian Infantry Division|Indian 5th Division]]) were flown into the airfields from 15 March to reinforce the defenders of Meiktila. The landings were made under fire, but only two aircraft were destroyed, with 22 casualties. The Japanese fought their way steadily closer to the airfields and from 18 March, Cowan suspended air landings (although casualties could still be evacuated in light aircraft from a separate, smaller, landing strip) and supplies were dropped by parachute to his division.<ref>Allen, pp.447, 453</ref>

Meanwhile, on 12 March, Kimura had ordered Lieutenant General [[Masaki Honda]], commanding the Japanese Thirty-third Army, to take command of the battle for Meiktila. Honda's HQ staff took control on 18 March, but without their signal units, they could not coordinate the attacking divisions properly. Attacks continued to be disjointed. They were further disjointed by the "attack-minded" defence; the defenders would sally out every day to attack any gathering concentration of Japanese in the surrounding villages, followed by an all round defence of the ground taken as this was then attacked in its turn by new concentrations of freshly arrived Japanese, before pulling back to the main town again.{{cn|date=November 2022}} As this was happening all around the town, the defence of Meiktila soon resembled a Neapolitan Ice-cream with concentric circles of opposing forces with the result that nowhere could the Japanese form up in sufficient strength to mount a successful attack.{{cn|date=November 2022}} The Japanese were using their artillery in the front line with their infantry, which accounted for several enemy tanks, but also resulted in the loss of many guns. During a major attack on 22 March, the Japanese attempted to use a captured British tank, but this was destroyed and the attack was repelled with heavy losses.<ref>Allen, pp.451-452</ref>

The strategic goal was achieved with the Japanese forces fighting in the north of the country cut off from any supplies and quickly withering on the vine.

Lieutenant [[Karamjeet Singh Judge]] of the 4th Battalion, [[15th Punjab Regiment]], [[British Indian Army]] was posthumously awarded the [[Victoria Cross]] (VC) for his deeds on 18 March during the battle.

===Yenangyaung and Myingyan===
While Meiktila was besieged, the other major unit of British IV Corps, the Indian 7th Division, was engaged in several battles to maintain its own bridgehead, capture the important river port of [[Myingyan]], and assist 28th (East African) Brigade against counter-attacks on the west bank of the Irrawaddy. As Major General [[Tsunoru Yamamoto]]'s 72nd Independent Mixed Brigade (reinforced by some units from the Japanese 54th Division from the Arakan), tried to retake the British foothold at Nyaungu, the 2nd Infantry Regiment of the Indian National Army under [[Prem Sahgal]], reinforced by the remaining troops of the 4th Guerrilla regiment which had opposed the initial crossings of the Irrawaddy, were now tasked with protecting the exposed flank of Kimura's forces, as well as pin down British forces around Nyaungyu and Popa. Lacking heavy arms or artillery support, Sahgal's forces used guerrilla tactics, working in conjunction with small units from the Kanjo Butai (a regiment detached from the Japanese 55th Division), and were successful for some time.<ref>Fay (1993), pp.342-352</ref>

The Indian 7th Division now faced the additional task of reopening the lines of communication to the besieged Indian 17th Division through the two roads that ran through the region and was forced to call off the attack on Myingyan. Around the middle of March, the leading motorised brigade of Indian 5th Division reinforced them, and began clearing the Japanese and the INA troops from their strongholds in and around Mount Popa to clear the land route to Meiktila.<ref>Fay (1993), p.348</ref>

Once contact was established with the defenders of Meiktila, the Indian 7th Division resumed the attack on Myingyan, which was captured after four days' fighting from 18 to 22 March. As soon as it was captured, the port and the Myingyan-Meiktila railway were repaired and brought back into use for supply vessels using the Chindwin.<ref>Slim (1956), p.444</ref>

===Fall of Mandalay===
[[File:The British Army in Burma 1945 SE3270.jpg|right|thumb|Infantry of [[19th Infantry Division (India)|19th Indian Division]] along with a Lee tank in Mandalay, 9–10 March 1945]]
[[File:The War in the Far East- the Burma Campaign 1941-1945 IND4457.jpg|right|thumb|Troops of [[19th Infantry Division (India)|19th Indian Division]] survey Japanese positions on [[Mandalay Hill]].]]
[[File:The War in the Far East- the Burma Campaign 1941-1945 IND4550.jpg|thumb|Indian troops clear a Japanese foxhole at Mandalay.]]
During late January, Indian 19th Division had cleared the west bank of the Irrawaddy, and transferred its entire strength into its bridgeheads on the east bank. By the middle of February, the Japanese 15th Division opposed to them was very weak and thinly spread, and General Rees launched an attack southwards from his division's bridgeheads in mid-February. By 7 March, his leading units were within sight of Mandalay Hill, crowned by its many pagodas and temples.<ref>Allen, pp.404-406</ref>

Lieutenant General [[Seiei Yamamoto]], commanding the Japanese 15th Division, was opposed to defending the city, but received uncompromising orders from higher headquarters to defend Mandalay to the death. Lieutenant General Kimura at Burma Area Army was concerned about the loss of prestige should the city be abandoned.<ref>Allen, p.407</ref> Also, there were still large supply dumps south of the city, which could not be moved but which the Japanese could not afford to abandon.

A Gurkha battalion (4/[[4th Gurkha Rifles]]), commanded by an officer who had served in Mandalay before the war, stormed Mandalay Hill on the night of 8 March. Several Japanese held out in tunnels and bunkers underneath the pagodas, and were slowly eliminated over the next few days, although most of the buildings survived substantially intact.
[[File:The British Army in Burma 1945 SE3484.jpg|thumb|Admiral [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Mountbatten]] addressing men of the [[Royal Armoured Corps]] in Mandalay, 21 March 1945]]
Fighting its way further into the city, Rees's division was stopped by the thick walls of [[Mandalay Palace|Fort Dufferin]] (as the ancient citadel was named by the British), surrounded by a moat. Medium artillery and bombs dropped from low altitude failed to make much impression on the walls and an assault via a railway tunnel near the angle of the north and west walls was driven back. An attempt was made to breach the walls by "skip bombing", using 2,000 lb bombs,<ref>Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy p.535</ref> but this created a breach only 15 feet wide. The 19th Division prepared to make another assault via the sewers on 21 March, but before the assault could be made, the Japanese abandoned the fort, also via the sewers.<ref>Allen, p.423</ref> King [[Thibaw Min]]'s teak palace inside the fort had burned down during the siege, only one of many historic buildings destroyed.

Elsewhere on XXXIII Corps's front, 20th Indian Division launched an attack southwards from its bridgehead. The Japanese 31st Division (with part of the 33rd Division) facing them had been weakened by casualties and detachments to the fighting elsewhere and was thrown into disorder. A tank regiment and a reconnaissance regiment from the 20th Division, grouped as "Claudecol", drove almost as far south as the Meiktila fighting, before turning north against the rear of the Japanese facing the bridgeheads. The British 2nd Division also broke out of its bridgehead and attacked Mandalay from the west. By the end of March, the Japanese Fifteenth Army had been reduced to uncoordinated remnants trying to move southwards to regroup in the Shan States.

==Aftermath==
On 28 March, Lieutenant General Shinichi Tanaka, Kimura's Chief of Staff, conferred with Honda at Thirty-third Army HQ. Honda's staff told him that the army had destroyed about 50 British and Indian tanks, half the number of tanks in Meiktila. In doing so, the army had suffered 2,500 casualties and lost 50 guns, and had only 20 artillery pieces left. Tanaka accepted the responsibility of ordering Honda's army to break off the siege of Meiktila<ref>Allen, p.454</ref> and prepare to resist further Allied advances to the south.

It was already too late. The Japanese armies in Central Burma had lost most of their equipment, and their cohesion. They would be unable to stop the Fourteenth Army exploiting to within striking distance of Rangoon. Furthermore, with the loss of Mandalay, the Burmese population finally turned against the Japanese. Uprisings by guerilla forces and a revolt by the [[Burma National Army]], which the Japanese had formed two years previously, would contribute to the eventual Japanese defeat.

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|group=nb}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{Cite book|last=Allen|first=Louis|title=Burma: The Longest War|publisher=Dent Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-460-02474-4}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fay|first=Peter W.|author-link=Peter W. Fay|title=The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence, 1942-1945|publisher=University of Michigan Press|location=Ann Arbor|year=1993|isbn=0-472-08342-2}}
* Fraser, George MacDonald (2014) ''Quartered Safe Out Here: A Harrowing Tale of World War II''. [[Skyhorse Publishing]]; reprint edition. {{ISBN|1-629-14203-4}}.
* {{cite book| last=Hastings| first=Max| author-link=Max Hastings| title=The Secret War| url=https://archive.org/details/secretwarspiesco0000hast| url-access=registration|publisher=William Collins| location=London| year=2015| isbn=978-0-00-750390-2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Latimer|first=Jon|author-link=Jon Latimer|title=Burma: The Forgotten War|location=London|publisher=John Murray|year=2004|isbn=0-7195-6576-6}}
* {{cite book|last=McLynn|first=Frank|title=The Burma Campaign|publisher=Vintage|year=2011|location=London|isbn=978-0-099-55178-2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Slim|first=William|author-link=William Slim|title = Defeat into Victory|publisher=David McKay|location=New York|year=1961|isbn=1-56849-077-1}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131105132404/http://dtctravelblog.com/2012/12/31/the-battle-for-meiktila-march1945/ DCT Travel blog]

{{Indian National Army}}

{{coord missing|Myanmar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Meiktila And Mandalay, Battle Of}}
[[Category:Burma campaign (1944–1945)]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1945]]
[[Category:1945 in Burma]]
[[Category:Land battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom|Meiktila and Mandalay]]
[[Category:January 1945 in Asia]]
[[Category:February 1945 in Asia]]
[[Category:March 1945 in Asia]]
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving Japan]]
[[Category:Battles and operations of World War II involving India]]
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving the United States]]

Murali Reddy Saritha

2026-03-05T09:32:18Z

KateCurmi92: created new bio nd citations

{{short description|Indian chess player}}
{{Infobox chess player
| name = Saritha Reddy
| image = Reddy Saritha 1992 Manila.jpg
| caption = Saritha Reddy in 1992
| full_name =
| country = [[India]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1972|6|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| title = [[FIDE titles#Woman International Master (WIM)|Woman International Master]] (1990)
| worldchampion =
| womensworldchampion =
| rating =
| peakrating = 2235 (January 1998)
| FideID = 5001056
}}

'''Murali Reddy Saritha''' (born 10 June 1972) is an [[India]]n [[chess]] player who holds the title of [[FIDE titles#Woman International Master (WIM)|Woman International Master]] (1990). She won the [[Indian Chess Championship|Indian Women's Chess Championship]] in 1987. She holds the distinction of winning [[Indian Chess Championship|National Premier Chess Championship]], [[National Junior Girls Chess Championship (India)]] and [[Indian Youth Chess Championship]] (Sub Junior category) in 1987.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cocssJlrAIM</ref>

==Biography==
Saritha Reddy won the [[Indian Chess Championship|Indian Women's Chess Championship]] in 1987 at the age of 15.<ref>[https://www.chessbase.in/news/Evolution-of-womens-chess-in-India The evolution of women's chess in India]</ref><ref>[https://www.chessbase.in/news/MPL-47th-National-Women-Round-9-report 16-year-old Divya Deshmukh clinches MPL 47th National Women Chess Championship 2022]</ref>

Reddy played for India in the [[Women's Chess Olympiad]]s:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olimpbase.org/playersw/bn3p1rbh.html|title=OlimpBase :: Women's Chess Olympiads :: M. Reddy Saritha|website=www.olimpbase.org}}</ref>
* In 1990, at first reserve board in the [[29th Chess Olympiad|29th Chess Olympiad (women)]] in [[Novi Sad]] (+4, =3, -4),
* In 1992, at second board in the [[30th Chess Olympiad|30th Chess Olympiad (women)]] in [[Manila]] (+3, =3, -5),
* In 1994, at first reserve board in the [[31st Chess Olympiad|31st Chess Olympiad (women)]] in [[Moscow]] (+2, =0, -4),
* In 1996, at third board in the [[32nd Chess Olympiad|32nd Chess Olympiad (women)]] in [[Yerevan]] (+6, =0, -4).

In 1990, she was awarded the FIDE Women International Master (WIM) title.

After 1999, Saritha Reddy rarely participated in chess tournaments. Subsequently, she worked as a chess coach in [[Bangalore]].<ref>[https://in.linkedin.com/in/saritha-murali-reddy-a63b1284 Saritha Murali Reddy]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{fide|id=5001056}}
*{{chessgames player|id=102894}}
*{{365Chess.com player|M_Reddy_Saritha}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cocssJlrAIM Vishy Anand was the first person to congratulate me - WIM Saritha M Reddy]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saritha, Murali Reddy}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian chess players]]
[[Category:Indian female chess players]]
[[Category:Chess Woman International Masters]]
[[Category:Chess Olympiad competitors]]
[[Category:Chess coaches]]

{{India-chess-bio-stub}}

Amla Junction railway station

2026-03-04T11:02:17Z

KateCurmi92: fix section for consistency and improved wording

{{About||similarly named entities|AMLA (disambiguation)|and|Amla (disambiguation)}}
{{short description|Railway station in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Amla Junction
| native_name = आमला जंक्शन
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| custom_header = Amla Junction
| image =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| image_caption = Amla Junction
| address = [[Amla, Madhya Pradesh|Amla]], [[Betul district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| country = {{flagu|India}}
| coordinates = {{coord|21.9196|78.1232|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| map_type = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| operator =
| line = [[Bhopal–Nagpur section]] [[Amla–Chhindwara section]]
| other = Auto stand
| elevation = {{convert|733|m|ft}}
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| platform = 6
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 9
| parking = Yes
| bicycle = Yes
| opened = 1905
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible = {{Access icon|20px}} Available
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = AMLA
| zone = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Nagpur CR}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| zone =
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent = 78%
| pass_system = Yes
| mpassengers =
| pass_rank =
| services = 
| logo railways logo =
| Indian railways =
| railways Ndian =
}}

'''Amla Junction railway station''' is a main railway station in [[Betul district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Its code is '''AMLA'''. It serves [[Amla, Madhya Pradesh|Amla]] city. The station consists of six platforms.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/amla-junction-amla/16| title=AMLA/Amla Junction| website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/betul-ytbt-b-huju-dtydt-mtih-wsto-tkx-ciq-b-yt-6205935| title=आमला में रेलवे लगाएगा सौर उर्जा प्लांट, बैतूल में ऑटोमेटिक टिकिट वेंडिंग मशीन| website=Nai Dunia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/hoshangabad-hosangabad-news-6070210| title=लीडःइटारसी से छिनेंगी दक्षिण जाने वाली पांच गाड़ियां, जबलपुर से गोदिंया होकर चलाने की तैयारी| website=Nai Dunia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.patrika.com/chhindwara-news/railway-will-not-be-able-to-travel-train-from-here-to-delhi-5829778/| title=Railway: आज से पांच दिनों तक नहीं कर पाएंगे यहां से दिल्ली तक ट्रेन यात्रा| website=Patrika}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.raildrishti.in/raildrishti/IRDBStationPDF.jsp?stncode=AMLA| title=Amla Junction (AMLA): Passenger Amenities Details As on : 31/03/2018, Division : Nagpur| website=Raildrishti}}</ref>

Amla Junction is on broad-gauge lines which connects to [[Itarsi]] in the north, [[Nagpur]] in the southeast and [[Chhindwara]] in the east.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news-srh/MP-OTH-MAT-latest-multai-news-065540-2631413-NOR.html| website=Bhasker news| title=आमला तक चले नई ट्रायल ट्रेनें रेलकर्मियों को मिलेगी सुविधा| language=hi| trans-title=Amla new trial lasted trains will feature the railwaymen| date=12 September 2015| access-date=16 March 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322062557/http://www.bhaskar.com/news-srh/MP-OTH-MAT-latest-multai-news-065540-2631413-NOR.html| archive-date=22 March 2016| url-status=live| df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Trains ==
* [[Andaman Express]]
* [[Gomti Sagar Express]]
* [[Chhattisgarh Express]]
* [[Panchvalley Passenger]]
* [[Deekshabhoomi Express]]
* [[Patalkot Express]] (via Amla)
* [[Nagpur–Rewa Superfast Express]]
* [[Jaipur–Secunderabad Express]]
* [[Amla–Betul Passenger]]
* [[Betul–Chhindwara Passenger]]
* [[Itarsi–Nagpur Passenger]]
* [[Amla–Chhindwara Passenger]]
* [[Amla–Nagpur Passenger]]
* [[Dakshin Express]]
* [[Gorakhpur–Secunderabad Express]]
* [[Amravati–Jabalpur Superfast Express]]
* [[Ahilyanagari Express]]
* [[Dr. Ambedkar Nagar–Nagpur Superfast Express]]
* [[Dadadham Intercity Express]] (via [[Itarsi]])
* [[Gorakhpur–Yesvantpur Express]]
* [[Gondwana Express|Bhusaval–Hazrat Nizamuddin Gondwana Superfast Express]]
* [[Gondwana Express|Hazrat Nizamuddin–Raigarh Gondwana Superfast Express]]
* [[Thiruvananthapuram Swarna Jayanti Express]]
* [[Grand Trunk Express]]
* [[Raptisagar Express]]
* [[Indore–Nagpur Tri Shatabdi Express]]
* [[Visakhapatnam–Hazrat Nizamuddin Link Superfast Express]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1891]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Betul district]]
[[Category:Nagpur CR railway division]]
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Madhya Pradesh]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-railstation-stub}}

Srinivasa Kalyanam (1987 film)

2026-03-03T20:17:45Z

KateCurmi92: new!

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Srinivasa Kalyanam
| image = Srinivasa Kalyanam 1987 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Kodi Ramakrishna]]
| producer = [[K. Murari]]
| screenplay = [[Kodi Ramakrishna]]
| writer = [[G. Satyamurthy]]
| starring = [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] [[Bhanupriya]] [[Gautami]] [[Mohan Babu]]
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| cinematography = Nandamuri Mohan Krishna
| editing = Suresh Tata
| studio = Yuva Chitra Arts<ref>{{cite web |url= http://telugumoviepedia.com/banner/filmography/129/yuva-chitra-arts-filmography.html|title= Yuva Chitra Arts | publisher= telugumoviepedia.com |accessdate=6 September 2014 }}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1987|9|25}}
| country = India
| runtime = 143 minutes
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Srinivasa Kalyanam''''' ({{Translation|The Marriage of Srinivasa}}) is a 1987 Telugu-language [[romance film]] directed by [[Kodi Ramakrishna]]. It stars [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], [[Bhanupriya]], [[Gautami]], and [[Mohan Babu]] and music composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bharatmovies.com/telugu/info/srinivasa-kalyanam.htm| title = Srinivasa Kalyanam| publisher= bharatmovies.com |accessdate=11 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/movies/srinivasa-kalyanam.html | title = Srinivasa Kalyanam | publisher= Oneindia |access-date=11 February 2013}}</ref> The film was produced by [[K. Murari]] under the Yuva Chitra Arts banner. The film was a ''Super Hit'' at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/venkatesh-centers.html|title= Success and centers list – Venkatesh|publisher= [[idlebrain.com]] |accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref>

==Plot==
Srinivas ([[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]]), an educated unemployed guy and his sister Lakshmi (Varalakshmi) lost their parents in childhood while saving a landlord Sridhar Rao (Vankayala). They stay with their uncle Nagayah ([[Suthi Velu]]), who is a chronic drinker, takes away all the money given by Sridhar Rao and sells them. Srinivas's cousin Saroja ([[Gautami]]), daughter of Nagayah helps them to get away from that place and she stays back. They are adopted by a couple ([[Gollapudi Maruthi Rao]] and Y. Vijaya) in the city. Srinivas does all kinds of jobs like [[paperboy|newspaper delivery boy]], auto driver and runs a dance school, where he gets introduced to Lalitha ([[Bhanupriya]]), who will be looking for a job staying at the house of her sister (Anitha) and her brother-in-law Yenimdakula Venkatrao ([[Prasad Babu]]), who is a bad person. Srinivas gives Lalitha a job in his dance school and both of them fall in love. Meanwhile, Saroja changes her name to Swapna and comes to rent Srinivas' house not knowing that he's her cousin.

Bokka Lambodharam ([[Mohan Babu]]), the proprietor of a 5-star hotel, is a big womanizer. Incidentally, Srinivas' uncle Nagayya works as an assistant to him as Nisachara. He sees Lalitha in a dance program and is attracted to her. After a few days, Swapna knows the truth, which restarts her childhood love with Srinivas. At the same time, Bokka Lambodharam traps Lalitha's brother-in-law Venkatrao to get her. To protect her, Srinivas brings her home and tells her that he wants to marry her. After hearing that, Swapna sacrifices her love; while they are making marriage arrangements, Lalitha also knows the truth and decides to go away by accompanying Swapna with Srinivas. She takes the help of Bokka Lambodharam to stop the marriage, he agrees to that if she accepts his condition. Meanwhile, Swapna listens to everything and goes in place of Lalitha. Now Lalitha reveals the truth to Srinivas that Swapna is only Saroja, even Nagayah also recognizes his daughter. Srinivas goes and protects Swapna. Finally, Swapna/Saroja makes the marriage of Srinivas and Lalitha and she also stays along with them.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] as Srinivas
*[[Bhanupriya]] as Lalitha
*[[Gautami]] as Swapna / Saroja
*[[Mohan Babu]] as Bokka Lambodharam
*[[Gollapudi Maruthi Rao]]
*[[Suthi Velu]] as Nagayya / Nisachara
*[[Prasad Babu]] as Yenimdakula Venkatrao
*[[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as Rajesh
*Vankayala Satyanarayana as Sridhar Rao
*Bhimeswara Rao as Narasimham
*Gadiraju Subba Rao
*Varalakshmi as Lakshmi
*[[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Srilakshmi]]
*Mamatha as [[item number]]
*Anitha as Lalitha's Sister
*Kalpana Rai as Sukumari
*[[Y. Vijaya]]
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Srinivasa Kalyanam
| type = film
| artist = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1987
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 31:43
| label = [[Lahari Music]]
| producer = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| prev_title = [[Sirivennela]]
| prev_year = 1987
| next_title = Muvva Gopaludu
| next_year = 1987
}}

Music composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]] was released on [[Lahari Music]] Company.<ref name = "Srinivasa Kalyanam Indiancinema">{{cite web | url = https://indiancine.ma/ACHB/info | website = indiancine.ma | title = Srinivasa Kalyanam | access-date = 28 May 2023 | archive-date = 28 May 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230528125346/https://indiancine.ma/ACHB/info | url-status = live}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Track list<ref name = "Srinivasa Kalyanam Indiancinema" />
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 31:41

| title1 = Kadalika Kavalika
| lyrics1 = [[Veturi|Veturi Sundararama Murthy]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length1 = 4:48

| title2 = Tholi Poddullo
| lyrics2 = Veturi Sundararama Murthy
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]
| length2 = 4:39

| title3 = Vathsayana
| lyrics3 = [[Jonnavittula Ramalingeswara Rao]]
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
| length3 = 4:29

| title4 = Endaaka Egirevammaa
| lyrics4 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
| length4 = 4:35

| title5 = Tummeda O Tummeda
| lyrics5 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
| length5 = 4:35

| title6 = Jaabili Vacchi
| lyrics6 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
| length6 = 4:37

| title7 = Anukoni Anukoni
| lyrics7 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra7 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]
| length7 = 4:22
}}

==Others==
* VCDs & DVDs on - VOLGA Videos, [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt1279240}}

{{Kodi Ramakrishna}}

[[Category:1987 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kodi Ramakrishna]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:1987 Telugu-language films]]

Pellaina Kothalo

2026-03-03T18:10:39Z

KateCurmi92: refined intro additionally and updated info as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pellaina Kothalo
| image = Pellaina Kothalo.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Madan (film director)|Madan]]
| producer = Madan
| writer = Madan
| starring = [[Jagapati Babu]] [[Priyamani]]
| music = Agastya
| cinematography = T. Surendra Reddy
| editing = Nandamuri Hari
| studio = Aa Naluguru Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2006|12|8}}
| runtime = 151 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Pellaina Kothalo''''' ({{translation|While just married}}) is a 2006 Indian Telugu-language [[romance film]], produced and directed by [[Madan (film director)|Madan]] on Aa Naluguru Films banner. The film stars [[Jagapati Babu]], [[Priyamani]], and music composed by Agastya.<ref name="Story">{{cite web|url=http://movies.fullhyderabad.com/pellaina-kothalo/telugu/pellaina-kothalo-movie-reviews-1532-2.html|title=Pellaina Kothalo Movie Review|publisher=fullhyd}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins with two software engineers, Veeramachineni Harikrishna & Lakshmi, who are pantophobic and testy. Moreover, the two consistently rely on their best friends, Bhagawan & Janaki. A dominating wife & husband invariably suppress their spouse Satyabhama & Chalapati, respectively. Elders formally arrange Hari & Lakshmi's matchmaking, ''Pelli Choopulu,'' and they like each other and knit each other. But their trains indoctrinate their mindset in the name of ascendancy and personal freedom. Additionally, it advises that the ' first night' is the right time to keep the partner under the toe.

Once Lakshmi's old mate, Prakash, arrives to arouse her husband, Lakshmi pretends to be close to him. Fortuitously, his wife Astha is Hari's previous salsa tutor and has an infatuation with him. So, he also repeats the same, which enrages their ego, and silly squabbles launch. Eventually, the couple decide to split. Simultaneously, Hari's grandparents arrive from their village and Hari & Lakshmi enact affinity to gratify them. The elders invite the twosome to the town to conduct a heritage ritual, ''Dampatya Vratam.''

Accordingly, they proceed and start the ritual. As a result, intimacy and friendliness emerge between the couple. Parallelly, Bhagawan & Janaki know that it is just their consort's virtue to surrender to them and transform. Besides, Hari & Lakshmi discover the entire ritual is fake, forged by old men, and freak out. At that point, the older people affirm that being conscious of their marital life, they made this play. Thus, to impress upon them that nuptial is neither agreement nor adjustment, it is holy bondage. Hearing it, soul-searching starts inside the duet, who realizes the eminence of marriage and the importance of the better half. Finally, the movie ends happily with the first night of Hari & Lakshmi.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Jagapati Babu]] as Veeramachineni Harikrishna "Hari"
* [[Priyamani]] as Lakshmi "Lucky"/Lucy
* Astha Singhal as Astha "Chintu"
* [[Raju Sundaram]] as Prakash
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Veeraraju, Hari's grandfather
* [[Brahmanandam]]
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Chalapathi
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Ali
* [[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]] as Priest
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as Lakshmi's uncle
* [[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]] as Venu Madhav
* [[Giribabu]]
* [[Ahuti Prasad]] as Hari's father
* [[Krishna Bhagawan]] as Bhagawan
* [[Shankar Melkote]] as Ali's boss
* Madhu
* [[Geetanjali (actress)|Geetanjali]] as Hari's grandmother
* [[Kovai Sarala]]
* [[Anchor Jhansi|Jhansi]] as Janaki
* [[Hema (actress)|Hema]] as Satya Bhama
* [[Gundu Sudarshan]] as Traffic Police Officer
* [[Rajitha]] as Lakshmi's aunt
* Madhumani
* Devisri
* Sushma
* Waheeda Rehman as a servant at Hari's grandfather's house
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Pellaina Kothalo
| type = film
| artist = Agashtya
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2006
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 25:53
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = Agashtya
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Music composed by Agashtya. Music released on ADITYA Music Company.
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 25:53
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Siri Siri Muvvalle
| lyrics1 = [[Vennelakanti]]
| extra1 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length1 = 5:03

| title2 = Chelivo
| lyrics2 = Chaitanya Prasad
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Rita
| length2 = 4:35

| title3 = Harilo Ranga Hari
| lyrics3 = Uma Maheswar
| extra3 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], Maya
| length3 = 4:44

| title4 = Salsa Samba
| lyrics4 = Chaitanya Prasad
| extra4 = Tippu, Rajyalakshmi
| length4 = 4:20

| title5 = Manasu Kannu
| lyrics5 = [[Veturi]]
| extra5 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length5 = 6:08

| title6 = Sapta Jagathi
| lyrics6 = Chaitanya Prasad
| extra6 = Chorus
| length6 = 1:13
}}

== Reception ==
Jeevi of idlebrain.com wrote that the film "showcases Jagapati Babu’s brilliance as an actor all over again".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-pellainakothalo.html | title=Pellaina Kothalo - Telugu cinema Review - Jagapati Babu & Priyamani }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1580000}}

[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2006 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2006 Telugu-language films]]

1991 Kunan Poshpora incident

2026-02-25T12:30:47Z

KateCurmi92:

{{Short description|Mass rape in Kashmir}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir}}
The '''Kunan Poshpora incident''' was a [[mass rape]] that occurred on 23 February 1991 when a unit of the [[India]]n security forces, after being fired upon by militants, launched a search operation in the twin villages of Kunan and Poshpora, located in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Kashmir]]'s remote [[Kupwara district]].<ref name=":0">
{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/unravelling-a-mass-rape/article4892195.ece|title=Unravelling a 'mass rape'|last=Jha|first=Prashant|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-05-13|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227130251/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/unravelling-a-mass-rape/article4892195.ece|archive-date=2017-02-27|url-status=live}}
</ref><ref name="nyt">
{{cite news |last1=Crossette |first1=Barbara |date=7 April 1991 |title=India Moves Against Kashmir Rebels |page=3 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/07/world/india-moves-against-kashmir-rebels.html?pagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm |access-date=2017-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002143347/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/07/world/india-moves-against-kashmir-rebels.html?pagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm |archive-date=2018-10-02}}
</ref> While the [[first information report]] filed in the local police station after a visit by the local magistrate reported the number of women who reported rape as 23, the [[Human Rights Watch]] assessed the number of survivors to be up to 100.<ref name= "abdication">{{cite book|title=Abdication of Responsibility: The Commonwealth and Human Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_QTz5PCDvjEC|year=1991|publisher=Human Rights Watch|isbn=978-1-56432-047-6|pages=13–20}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=International Human Rights Organisation|title=Indo-US shadow over Punjab|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MWluAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=International Human Rights Organisation}}''"...reports that Indian armymen belonging to the 4th Rajputana Rifles of the 68 Mountain Division entered a settlement at Kunan Poshpora in Kupwara district on the night of February 23–24, 1991 and gangraped a minimum of 23 and a maximum of 100 women of all ages and in all conditions."''</ref>

The accusations were denied by the Indian army as the government "determined that the evidence was not sufficient" and issued a statement condemning the accusations as "terrorist [[propaganda]]".<ref name="Reuters001" />

The government's investigations into the incident rejected the reports as "baseless".<ref name="Reuters001">{{Cite news |agency=Global Press Institute |date=7 March 2012 |title=Mass Rape Survivors Still Wait for Justice in Kashmir |url=https://news.trust.org/item/20120307023000-i7m26/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207122324/https://news.trust.org//item/20120307023000-i7m26/ |archive-date=7 February 2021 |access-date=2023-07-04 |work=Thomson Reuters Foundation}}</ref> However, international human rights organizations have expressed serious doubts about the integrity of these investigations and the manner in which they were conducted. Human Rights Watch stated that the government had launched a "campaign to acquit the army of charges of human rights violations and discredit those who brought the charges."<ref name="HRW_India_1992_001">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/WR92/ASW-07.htm |title=Human Rights Watch World Report 1992 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |work=World Report 1992 |date=1 Jan 1992 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012082133/http://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/WR92/ASW-07.htm |archive-date=12 October 2012 }}</ref><ref name="UNRefWorld_HRWWR1992_India">
{{cite web | url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/467fca501a.html | title=Human Rights Watch World Report 1992 - India | publisher=UNHCR Refworld | date=1 Jan 1992 | access-date=2008-12-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521060258/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/467fca501a.html | archive-date=2011-05-21 | url-status=live }}
</ref>

==Incident==
The ''[[New York Times]]'' had quoted the residents of the Kunan Poshpora neighbourhood stating that militants had fired on security forces nearby, which prompted the search operation by the forces.<ref name="nyt"/> On 23 February 1991 the paramilitary troops of the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] and the [[Border Security Force]] cordoned off the twin villages of Kunan and Poshpora to conduct a search operation for the militants. The men in the village were assembled outside and interrogated about the militant activity while the village was searched. After the search operation was over, villagers complained that many women were raped by soldiers that night.<ref name="nyt"/>

Later on the local leader of the Hizb-e-Islami militant group gave an interview to the ''New York Times'' in which he denied the claim that the group had shot first, but added that his commandos were armed to fight the forces off.<ref name="nyt"/>

== Investigations ==
The [[Press Council of India]] investigated the case in summer 1991 and concluded that the rape reports could not be proven. Following that, the government declared the case as "unfit for launching criminal prosecution" in September 1991 and closed it a month later.{{cn|date=November 2025}}

The Press Council's conclusions were criticised by the Human Rights Watch which stated that the results of the examinations still raised questions about the activity of the Indian army in Kunan Poshpora. According to HRW, the Press Council's investigative committee had dismissed any evidence that may contradict the government version of events. The HRW report accused the committee of being focused on shielding the Indian government from criticism rather than uncovering truth.<ref name="abdication" />

The [[United States Department of State]], in its 1992 report on international human rights, stated that there was "credible evidence" that supports the mass rape charges against the army unit at Kunan Poshpora.<ref name="NYT002">
{{cite news |last1=Crossette |first1=Barbara |title=State Department Cites China and Other Nations for Human-Rights Abuses |work=The New York Times |page=6 |date=1 February 1992 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/01/world/state-department-cites-china-and-other-nations-for-human-rights-abuses.html?pagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002180555/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/01/world/state-department-cites-china-and-other-nations-for-human-rights-abuses.html?pagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm |archive-date=2018-10-02 |access-date=2017-09-02 }}
</ref>

== Litigation ==
In 2004, one of the alleged victims approached the [[J&K State Human Rights Commission]] seeking a reinvestigation of the case. In 2007, more women asked the SHRC to reopen of the case. The villagers from the two villages formed Kunan-Poshpora Coordination Committee (KCC) headed by 70-year-old man Ghulam Ahmad Dar to seek justice for the victims.<ref name="TheIndianExpress" />

In October 2011, the [[Jammu & Kashmir Human Rights Commission]] asked the J&K government to reinvestigate the reported mass rape case and compensate the victims.<ref name="NewsOct2011_001">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/shrc-wants-jammu-and-kashmir-army-mass-rape-case-reopened-143852-2011-10-20 |title=Human rights panel asks Jammu and Kashmir govt to reopen army mass rape case |newspaper=India Today |date=21 October 2011 |last=Ganai |first=Naseer}}</ref>

A writ petition filed in the [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]] in 2013 alleged that more than 30 women had been raped. The charges had not been proved and there had been no progress in trial. The High Court observed that it hoped the committee appointed by the J&K government would examine and quickly implement the recommendations of the SHRC.<ref name="newindianexpressSC"/>

In December 2017, the J&K government approached the [[Supreme Court of India]] against orders of the High Court. The top court directed that the appeals should be heard expeditiously.<ref name="newindianexpressSC">
{{cite news |title=1991 Kunan Poshpora mass rape incident: Supreme Court admits Jammu and Kashmir's plea |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/dec/04/1991-kunan-poshpora-mass-rape-incident-supreme-court-admits-jammu-and-kashmirs-plea-1718371.html |access-date=4 October 2018 |publisher=newindianexpress.com |date=4 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005071903/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/dec/04/1991-kunan-poshpora-mass-rape-incident-supreme-court-admits-jammu-and-kashmirs-plea-1718371.html |archive-date=2018-10-05 |url-status=live }}
</ref>

==Social impact==
''[[The Indian Express]]'' reported on 21 July 2013 that the victims and their families were being socially ostracised by other villagers in the locality.<ref name="TheIndianExpress">
{{cite news|title=The Silence of a Night|author=Bashaarat Masood|author2=Rifat Mohidin|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-silence-of-a-night/1144455/|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=2013-07-21|pages=10, 11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727034414/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-silence-of-a-night/1144455|archive-date=2013-07-27|url-status=live}}
</ref> The only government school in the two affected villages teaches up to standard eight. The students going for higher education in the nearby Trehgam and Kupwara were taunted due to the incident and most of them choose to drop out after class eight.<ref name="TheIndianExpress"/> Families not involved in the incident at the same villages have disassociated socially with the victims' families. Villagers claimed that it was difficult to find grooms for their children.<ref name="TheIndianExpress"/>

In February 2026, [[Azim Premji University]] [[Sarjapura]] was vandalized by [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] for allowing a reading circle to conduct a discussion program titled ''Kunan Poshpora'' in the campus.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* ''[[Do You Remember Kunan Poshpora?]]''
* [[Rape during the Kashmir conflict]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Social issues in India}}
{{Sexual abuse}}
{{Rape in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kunan Poshpora Incident}}
[[Category:1990s in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Rape in the 1990s]]
[[Category:Indian military scandals]]
[[Category:1991 crimes in India]]
[[Category:Indian war crimes in the Kashmir conflict]]
[[Category:Rape in India]]
[[Category:Mass sexual assault]]
[[Category:Wartime sexual violence in Asia]]
[[Category:February 1991 in India]]
[[Category:February 1991 crimes]]
[[Category:Kupwara district]]

Dharma Manikya I

2026-02-25T10:59:20Z

KateCurmi92: Creating a post

{{Short description|Maharaja of Tripura from 1431 to 1462}}
{{Infobox royalty
|type = monarch
|name = Dharma Manikya I
|succession = [[Twipra Kingdom|Maharaja of Tripura]]
|title =
|image =
|alt =
|caption =
|reign = 1431–1462
|predecessor = [[Maha Manikya]]
|successor = [[Ratna Manikya I]]
|spouse = Nanua{{sfnp|Ray|1976|p=6}}
|issue = Raja Fa{{sfnp|Bhattacharyya|1986|p=16}} Agar Fa{{sfnp|Bhattacharyya|1986|p=16}} [[Ratna Manikya I]] ''Fifteen other sons''
|father = [[Maha Manikya]]
|house = [[Manikya dynasty]]
|death_date =
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}
{{Kingdom of Tripura}}

'''Dharma Manikya I''', also known as '''Dangar Fa''', was the [[Maharaja]] of [[Twipra Kingdom|Tripura]] from 1431 to 1462. His reign was notable for its territorial expansions as well as for his religious and cultural contributions.

==Ascension==
The eldest of the five sons of his father [[Maha Manikya]], Dharma was not initially intended to inherit the throne. According to court histories, he had originally decided on a monastic life, abandoning material desires and embarking on pilgrimages as an itinerant mendicant.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=39}} It was while he was visiting the holy city of [[Benares]] in 1431 that he received news of his father's death, as well as of the violent struggle for the vacant throne which had ensued among his brothers and the military leaders. The story continues that accompanied by eight [[Brahmin]]s, Dharma hastened back to Tripura. There he was welcomed by the people and unanimously chosen as the next ruler.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=40}}

==Reign==
Early in Dharma's reign, his territories were invaded by the [[Bengal Sultanate|Sultan of Bengal]], [[Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah]], who compelled a tribute of money and elephants. In turn, Dharma launched his own assault, occupying and plundering the city of [[Sonargaon]].{{sfnp|Singh|1980|p=42}}{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=40}} Further Bengali lands were attacked by his armies, with Patrikara, Gangamandal, Meherkul and Khandal all being annexed into Tripura.{{sfnp|Ghoshal|2018|p=333}} Around this time, [[Min Saw Mon]], the exiled ruler of [[Kingdom of Mrauk U|Arakan]], visited the royal court. Dharma contributed both financially and militarily to the former's reconquest of his kingdom.{{sfnp|Goswami|1996|p=20}}

Traditions describe Dharma as a powerful administrator as well as a patron of learning and culture; the latter of which is most evident in his commissioning of the ''[[Rajmala]]'', a history of the [[Manikya dynasty]]. His religious zeal is also notable, shown both through donations of large amounts of lands to [[Brahmin]]s, as well as by his construction projects, which include temples and the famous [[Dharmasagar (pond)|Dharmasagar]] [[Temple tank|tank]] in [[Comilla]].{{sfnp|Gan-Chaudhuri|1980|p=20}}{{sfnp|Chib|1988|p=7}}

==Overthrow and death==
Numismatic evidence suggests that Dharma is identical to the Tripura ruler referred to in the ''Rajmala'' as "Dangar Fa". This is due to coins bearing the name of Dangar Fa's supposed son and successor, [[Ratna Manikya I]] (mistakenly identified as Dharma's great-grandfather in the text),{{sfnp|Sur|1986|p=220}} place the latter's reign as being immediately ''after'' that of Dharma. This would suggest that Dharma was in fact Ratna Manikya's father and that episodes linked with "Dangar Fa" in the ''Rajmala'' are instead associated with him.{{sfnp|Gan-Chaudhuri|1980|p=20}}{{sfnp|Saha|1986|p=168}}

Thus, according to the events narrated in the chronicle, Dharma divided his kingdom into seventeen parts, each to be parcelled to all but the youngest of his eighteen sons.{{NoteTag|This was presumably done in fear of another fratricidal struggle over the succession.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=44}}}} The shunned son, Ratna, was instead given as a hostage to the Sultan of Bengal, [[Rukunuddin Barbak Shah]]. However, Ratna allied with the Sultan and launched an invasion of Tripura, defeating his father and brothers.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=44}} While his other sons were imprisoned, Dharma himself was expelled from the kingdom by the new monarch. He eventually died in exile on the Thanamchi hill, to the east of Tripura.{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=48}}{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=53}}{{NoteTag|The Rajmala makes no mention of Dharma being overthrown and exiled, instead merely stating that he had died of [[smallpox]].{{sfnp|Durlabhendra|Sukheshwar|Baneshwar|1999|p=60}}}}

==Notes==
{{notefoot}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last=Bhattacharyya|first=Banikantha|title=Tripura Administration: The Era of Modernisation, 1870–1972|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WmgrZgspJbIC&pg=PA16|year=1986|publisher=Mittal Publications|location=Delhi}}
*{{cite book|last=Chib|first=Sukhdev Singh|title=Tripura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMItAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Ess Ess Publications|isbn=978-81-7000-039-6}}
*{{Citation|author1=Durlabhendra|author2=Sukheshwar|author3=Baneshwar|translator1=Kailāsa Candra Siṃha|translator2=N.C. Nath|title=Sri Rajmala|volume=I–IV|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cD9uAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Tribal Research Institute, Govt. of Tripura|location=[[Agartala]]}}
*{{cite book|last=Gan-Chaudhuri|first=Jagadis|title=Tripura, the land and its people|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SFFuAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Leeladevi Publications|isbn=9788121004480}}
*{{cite book|last=Ghoshal|first=Anindita|editor=Tejimala Gurung|title=In the Belly of the Tiger, almost: Mughal-Tripura Interface in the Eighteenth Century|url=https://www.academia.edu/35110955|journal=The Falling Polities: Crisis and Decline of States in North-East India in the Eighteenth Century|year=2018|publisher=DVS Publishers|isbn=978-93-85839-12-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Goswami|first=Debabrata |title=Military History of Tripura, 1490–1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fMQmAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Tripura State Tribal Cultural Research Institute & Museum, Government of Tripura|location=Agartala}}
*{{cite book|last=Ray|first=Ajay|title=Tripura, the Enchanting Land|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UerLKLME_wC|year=1976|publisher=Directorate of Public Relations & Tourism, Government of Tripura}}
*{{cite book|last=Saha|first=Sudhanshu Bikash|title=Tribes of Tripura: A Historical Survey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ioMiAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Rupali Book House|location=Agartala}}
*{{cite book|last=Sarma|first=Ramani Mohan|title=Political History of Tripura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bmpuAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Puthipatra}}
*{{cite book|last=Singh|first=G. P.|title=The Turko-Afghan and Mughal invasions of Tripura (Hill-Tipperah) Raj (1240–1733 A.D.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H15DAAAAYAAJ|series=The Journal of the Assam Research Society|year=1980|publisher=Kāmarūpa Anusandhān Samiti}}
*{{cite book|last=Sur|first=Hirendra Kumar|title=British Relations with the State of Tripura, 1760–1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSouAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Saraswati Book Depot}}

[[Category:Kings of Tripura]]

Kattikkulam

2026-02-18T14:06:06Z

KateCurmi92: added first pg nd citations

{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kattikkulam
| native_name = (Kartikulam)
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Wayanad District|Wayanad]]
| image_skyline = File:Kattikulam Wayanad Paddy fields.jpg

| image_caption = Paddy Fields on the sides of Kattikkulam Mysore road.
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Kerala India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.84683|76.06313|display=inline,title}}
| timezone = [[indian standard time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:25
| postal_code_type = [[postal code|PIN]]
| postal_code = 670646
}}
'''Kattikkulam''' (Kartikulam) is a small town near [[Mananthavady]] in [[Wayanad]] district, Kerala, [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – India: Final Population Totals |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref> The office of the Thirunelly Gramapanchayath is located at Kartikulam.

This small town serves as the connection point for most of the tourists and pilgrims from Kerala and Karnataka who come to visit places like [[Thirunelli Temple]], Bavali [[Maqam (shrine)|Maqam]], Padamala church, [[Kuruvadweep]], Tholpetty, Panavalli, Coorg, Mysore etc.

It is very well connected by road with [[Mananthavady]], Mysore and with the district of [[Kodagu district|Coorg]]. Almost all the buses plying from [[Kozhikode]] (Calicut) and [[Kannur]] to [[Mysore]] and vice versa during night have to pass this town because the [[National Highway 766 (India)|NH 766]] connecting Kozhikode (Calicut) and Mysore through [[Sultan Bathery|Sulthan Bathery]] closes at 9 pm.

It is being developed as a more or less satellite town of Mananthavady. Many new infrastructure facilities are being added to this town every year.

There are a few good restaurants and hotels available in this town. Many homestays, lodges and resorts are also available in and around this area.

Two petrol bunks are functioning inside the town.

Three ATM counters run by the Kerala State Co-operative Bank, [[Kerala Gramin Bank]] and ESAF bank also functions here.

==Important Organizations==
* Kattikkulam Govt. Higher Secondary School
* Thirunelly Panchayath Office
* Thirunelly Panchayath Bus Stand
* RTO Checkpost, Kartikulam
* Thirunelly Police Aid Post, Kartikulam
* Post Office Kartikulam (PIN-670646)
* Thirunelly Panchayath Community Hall
* Primary Health Center, Begur, Kartikulam
* Kerala Gramin Bank & ATM
* Kerala State Co-operative Bank & ATM
* Thirunelly Service Co-operative Bank
* Holiday Hill Hotel
* Govt. Homoeo Dispensary
* Thrissilery Village Office
* Kartikulam veterinary hospital
* Kartikulam agricultural office
* Water treatment plant KWA
* ESAF bank & ATM
* KSEB Kartikulam Section Office

==Places to visit==
'''[[Kuruvadweep]]''' is a 950 acre protected river delta on the Kabini River in the Wayanad district. It is home for a variety of species of birds and animals. It is about 6 km from Kattikulam town. Buses are available regularly.

'''[[Thirunelli Temple|Thirunelly Temple]]''' is an ancient temple and pilgrimage which is about 22 km from Kartikulam. Buses ply from Mananthavady on regular intervals.

'''[[Pakshi Pathalam]]''' is a trekking site some seven kilometers from [[Thirunelli]] temple. There is an ancient cave on the hillock with plenty of birds.

'''[[Tholpetty Wildlife Sanctuary]]''' is a very famous trekking spot which is located at a distance of 16 km from Kartikulam. Buses are available regularly.

'''[[Irupp Falls]]''' is located in the Kodagu district of Karnataka bordering the [[Wayanad]] district of Kerala. It is located at a distance of 26 km from Kartikulam.

==Transportation==
Kattikkulam can be accessed from Mananthavady, Mysore and Coorg.

Road distance from nearest towns:

Mananthavady -10 km

Kalpetta-33 km

Sulthan Bathery-39 km

[[Kannur]]- 96 km

Kozhikode-103 km

Mysore -100 km

Madikeri-100 km

Gudalur- 88 km

Ooty-132 km

The shortest route which connects Mananthavady with Mysore passes through Kartikulam. This road passing through Bavali usually closes after 6 pm. But the road along Kartikulam-Kutta-Gonikoppal-Mysore is open 24 hours.

The nearest railway station is at Thalassery (80 km)

Kozhikode railway station is at a distance of 106 km

Mysore railway station is at distance of 102 km

Nearest airport which is in operation is the [[Kannur International Airport]]-73 km. The next nearest airport available is [[Calicut International Airport]] (128km).Mysore Airport at a distance of 103km.

== Location ==
{{Geographic Location
| title = '''Location of Kattikkulam'''
|Northwest = [[Thirunelly]] Forest
|North = [[Kutta]]
|Northeast = Nalkeri Forest
|West = [[Boys Town, Mananthavady|Boys Town]]
|Centre = Kattikkulam Junction
|East = [[Mysore]] city
|Southwest = [[Mananthavady]]
|South = [[Panamaram]]
|Southeast = [[Pulpally]]
}}
Located on the north eastern side of Wayanad district along the road connecting Mananthavady and Mysore at a distance of 9 km from Mananthavady.

==See also==
[[Thirunelly|Thirunelli]]

[[Bavali River|Bavali]]

[[Mananthavady]]

[[Kutta]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Wayanad district}}
[[Category:Mananthavady Area]]

Guru Nanak Gurpurab

2026-02-14T23:22:45Z

KateCurmi92: improved structure for accuracy also and corrected details

{{Short description|Sikh festival}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Nanak Gurpurab ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਰਪੁਰਬ
| image = Akal Takht illuminated, in Harmandir Sahib complex, Amritsar.jpg
| imagesize = 220px
| caption = [[Akal Takht]] illuminated on [[Guru Nanak]]'s Birthday, in [[Harmandir Sahib]] complex, [[Amritsar]].
| official_name = Guru Nanak Gurpurab Bal
| nickname = Parkash Purab Guru Nanak
| observedby = [[Sikhism|Sikhs]], [[Nanakpanthi]] and many non-Sikhs
| significance = Commemoration of the nativity of Nanak
| date = [[Katak]] [[Purnima|Puranmashi]] 1469
| date2019 = 12 November<ref name="nanakshahi">{{cite web |title=Movable Holidays |url=https://nanakshahi.net/calendar/movable/ |website=nanakshahi.net |access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-date=30 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830130425/https://nanakshahi.net/calendar/movable/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| date2020 = 30 November<ref>{{cite web |title=Movable Holidays |url=https://nanakshahi.net/calendar/movable/ |website=nanakshahi.net |access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-date=30 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830130425/https://nanakshahi.net/calendar/movable/ |url-status=dead |at=Set year to 2020, and click "Get Dates" }}</ref>
| date2021 = 19 November<ref>{{cite web |title=Movable Holidays |url=https://nanakshahi.net/calendar/movable/ |website=nanakshahi.net |access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-date=30 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830130425/https://nanakshahi.net/calendar/movable/ |url-status=dead |at=Set year to 2021, and click "Get Dates" }}</ref>
| observances = Festival
| type = Religious, cultural, international
| date2022 = 8 November<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.qppstudio.net/global-holidays-observances/guru-nanak-jayanti.htm | title=When is Guru Nanak Jayanti for the next 10 years (2022 to 2032) ? | date=27 November 2023 }}</ref>
| date2023 = 27 November<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.qppstudio.net/global-holidays-observances/guru-nanak-jayanti.htm | title=When is Guru Nanak Jayanti for the next 10 years (2022 to 2032) ? | date=27 November 2023 }}</ref>
| date2024 = 15 November<ref>{{cite news |title=Stock Market Holiday: Are NSE, BSE Open Or Closed On November 15 For Guru Nanak Jayanti? Check Here |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/markets/stock-market-holiday-are-nse-bse-open-or-closed-on-november-15-for-guru-nanak-jayanti-check-here-article-115322022 |access-date=15 November 2024 |work=Times Now |date=15 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
| date2025 = 5 November<ref>{{cite web |title=Guru Nanak Jayanti 2024, 2025 and 2026 |url=https://publicholidays.in/guru-nanak-jayanti/ |website=Public Holidays |access-date=16 November 2024}}</ref>
| celebrations = gift-giving, gurdwara services
| startedby = Nanak
}}
{{Sikhism sidebar}}
'''Guru Nanak Gurpurab''' (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਰਪੁਰਬ {{Small|([[Gurmukhi]])}}), also known as '''Guru Nanak Prakash Utsav''' (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਉਤਸਵ) and '''Guru Nanak Jayanti''' (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਜਯੰਤੀ), celebrates the birth of the first [[Sikh gurus|Sikh guru]], [[Guru Nanak]].<ref name="Purewal">{{cite web|url=http://www.purewal.biz/gnsbirthdateall.pdf|title=Birth Date of Guru Nanak Sahib|first=Pal|publisher=Pal Singh Purewal|author=Singh Purewal|work=Purewal's Page|access-date=16 June 2017|archive-date=22 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222084945/http://www.purewal.biz/gnsbirthdateall.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> One of the most celebrated and important Sikh gurus and the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak is highly revered by the Sikh community.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-30|title=Happy Gurpurab 2020: Guru Nanak Jayanti Wishes Images, Status, Quotes, Wallpapers, Messages, Photos|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/happy-gurpurab-2020-guru-nanak-jayanti-wishes-images-status-quotes-wallpapers-messages-photos-7066085/|access-date=2020-11-30|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> This is one of the most sacred festivals in [[Sikhism]], or Sikhi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guru Nanak Jayanti 2019: History, significance and traditions|date=11 November 2019 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/guru-nanak-jayanti-2019-history-significance-and-traditions/story-Opf6s8eSEPtGNZgV0SbPyL.html|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214044920/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/guru-nanak-jayanti-2019-history-significance-and-traditions/story-Opf6s8eSEPtGNZgV0SbPyL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The festivities in the Sikh religion revolve around the anniversaries of the 10 Sikh Gurus. These Gurus were responsible for shaping the beliefs of the Sikhs. Their birthdays, known as ''[[Gurpurb|Gurpurab]],'' are occasions for celebration and prayer among the Sikhs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guru Nanak Ji and Sikh 10 Gurus|url=https://sikhipictureframes.wordpress.com/2020/05/03/guru-nanak-dev-ji-and-sikh-10-gurus/|date=2020-05-03|website=Sikh legendaries|language=en|access-date=2020-05-05|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128120807/https://sikhipictureframes.wordpress.com/2020/05/03/guru-nanak-dev-ji-and-sikh-10-gurus/|url-status=live}}</ref>

It is one of three [[List of Sikh festivals|Sikh celebrations]] still calculated using the traditional [[Vikram Samvat|Bikrami]] calendar, alongside [[Vaisakhi]] and [[Bandi Chhor Divas]], where as the rest are determined now as per the [[Nanakshahi calendar]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations |date=Sep 13, 2011 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9781598842067 |editor-last=Melton |editor-first=J. Gordon |pages=162–163 |quote=While most Sikh holidays are now set by the Nanakshahi calendar, there are three holidays that Sikhs celebrate that remain linked to celebrations in the larger Hindu community. These three continue to be set annually according to the Hindu lunar calendar–Hola Mohalla (tied to the Hindu holiday called Holi), Bandi Chhor Divas (which coincides with the Hindu Festival called Diwali), and Guru Nanak's Birthday, a national holiday in India.}}</ref>

== Background ==
[[File:The Birth of Guru Nanak, by the artist Sardul Singh.png|thumb|The Birth of Guru Nanak, by the artist Sardul Singh in 1910.]]Guru Nanak, the founder of [[Sikhism]], was born on Puranmashi of Kattak in 1469, according to the [[Vikram Samvat]] calendar<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh Purewal|first1=Pal|title=Vaisakhi Dates Range According To Indian Ephemeris By Swamikannu Pillai – i.e. English Date on 1 Vaisakh Bikrami|url=http://www.purewal.biz/PastVaisakhiDates.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004232123/http://www.purewal.biz/PastVaisakhiDates.pdf|archive-date=2018-10-04|url-status=live}}</ref> in Rai-Bhoi-di Talwandi in the present [[Shekhupura District]] of [[Pakistan]], now [[Nankana Sahib]].<ref name=ref2>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/gurus/nanak1.html|title=Guru Nanak ji (1469–1539)|access-date=26 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830205721/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/gurus/nanak1.html|archive-date=30 August 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is a [[Public holidays in India|Gazetted holiday]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guru Nanak Jayanti in India|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/india/guru-nanak-jayanti|access-date=2020-11-28|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en}}</ref> The controversial [[Bhai Bala]] Janamsakhi claims Guru Nanak was born on the Full Moon ([[Purnima|Pooranmashi]]) of the Indian Lunar Month Kartik.<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh Mehboob|first=Harinder|title=As the Sun of Suns Rose: The Darkness of the Creeds Was Dispelled|url={{Google books|_yKiDQAAQBAJ|keywords=katak|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> The Sikhs have been celebrating Guru Nanak's Gurpurab around November for this reason, and it has been ingrained in Sikh Traditions.<ref name="Purewal" /><ref name="Purewal2">{{cite web|last1=Singh Purewal|first1=Pal|title=Movable Dates of Gurpurbs|url=http://www.purewal.biz/gurpurbs_movable_dates.pdf|website=www.purewal.biz|access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref>

However, some scholars and organizations believe the Birthday should be celebrated on [[Vaisakhi]], which falls on 27 November according to the [[Mool Nanakshahi Calendar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhnet.com/news/mool-nanakshai-calendar-mnc-implementation-conference|title=Mool Nanakshai Calendar (MNC) Implementation Conference|website=SikhNet|date=16 November 2017 |access-date=28 November 2020}}</ref> Other people and organizations would like to keep the traditional date by celebrating on the [[Full moon day]], called Pooranmashi or [[Purnima]], of the Lunar Month Kartik. The [[Nanakshahi calendar|Nanakshahi Calendar]] follows the Gregorian calendar and celebrates it on [[Kartik Purnima]].

The different dates reflect a mismatch between different time units. The problem with designing an accurate calendar is that the three natural units of time – the day, the month and the year – are based on different movements – the Earth's rotation about its axis, the Moon's revolution around the Earth and the Earth's revolution around the Sun. Their periods are not integer multiples of each other. The challenge in aligning solar and lunar calendars arises from the discrepancy in their respective durations. A solar year spans approximately 365.25 days, while a lunar month is around 29.53 days. The sum of twelve lunar months falls short of a solar year by 11 days, 1 hour, 31 minutes, and 12 seconds. Over three years, this discrepancy nearly equals one month. The Moon's orbit takes about 27.3 days, causing it to lag behind the Earth's orbit around the sun, resulting in a 10.87-day difference between a lunar year (354.372 days) and a solar year (365.2422 days).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Luni-Solar Calendar and the Concept of Adhik-Maas (Extra-Month)|url=https://www.prl.res.in/~rajiv/planexnews/oldarticles/Volume%20-3,%20Issue-3.18-23.pdf|publisher=planexnews.org |access-date=17 November 2023 }}</ref>

== Significance ==
Guru Nanak preached that any person could connect to God by worshipping with a clear conscience.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-08 |title=Guru Nanak Jyanti- Guru Parab |url=https://bollymoviereviewtech.com/web-stories/guru-nanak-jyanti-guru-parab/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=Bolly Movie Review Tech |language=en-US}}</ref> His teachings are included in Guru Granth Sahib.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-17|title=Guru Nanak Jayanti 2021: When is Gurpurab? Date, significance, history and all you need to know|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/festivals/guru-nanak-jayanti-2021-when-is-gurpurab-date-significance-history-and-all-you-need-to-know-101637147962347.html|access-date=2021-11-20|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

==The festival==
[[File:Nankana Sahib.JPG|thumb|280px|left|Gurdwara [[Nankana Sahib]], [[Pakistan]], the birthplace of Guru Nanak]]

The celebration is generally similar for all Sikhs; only the hymns are different. The celebrations usually commence with Prabhat Pheris. Prabhat Pheris are early morning processions that begin at the Gurudwaras and proceed around the localities singing hymns. Generally, two days before the birthday, ''[[Akhand Path]]'' (a forty-eight-hour non-stop reading of the ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'', the holy book of the Sikhs) is held in the ''[[Gurdwaras]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 24, 2020|first=Faryal|last=Rumi|title='Prabhat pheri' to set off from Patna Sahib gurdwara today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/prabhat-pheri-to-set-off-from-patna-sahib-gurdwara-today/articleshow/79374943.cms|access-date=2020-11-24|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125090901/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/prabhat-pheri-to-set-off-from-patna-sahib-gurdwara-today/articleshow/79374943.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The day prior to the birthday, a procession, referred to as Nagarkirtan,<ref name="ref6">{{cite web|title=GURPURBS|url=http://www.sgpc.net/festivals/index.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601221718/http://www.sgpc.net/festivals/index.asp|archive-date=1 June 2009}}</ref> is organised. This procession is led by the ''Panj Pyaras'' (Five Beloved Ones).<ref name="ref5">{{Cite web|url=http://sikhpoint.wpengine.com/|title=What's your point?|website=Sikhpoint.com|access-date=12 November 2019|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922203139/http://sikhpoint.wpengine.com/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/sikhism/gurunanak.shtml|title=Guru Nanak|access-date=26 December 2011|archive-date=8 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108013617/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/sikhism/gurunanak.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> They head the procession carrying the Sikh flag, known as the ''[[Nishan Sahib]]'' and the ''Palki'' (Palanquin) of Guru Granth Sahib.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 27, 2020|title=Gurpurab 2020 date: All you need to know about Guru Nanak Jayanti |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/astrology/rituals-puja/guru-nanak-jayanti-2020-all-you-need-to-know-about-gurpurab/articleshow/79367073.cms|access-date=2020-11-30|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> They are followed by teams of singers singing hymns<ref name="ref3" /> and devotees sing the chorus. There are brass bands playing different tunes and 'Gatka' teams display their swordsmanship through various martial arts and as mock battles using traditional weapons.<ref name="ref5" /><ref name="ref6" /> The procession pours into the streets of the town. The passage is covered with banners and gates are decorated flags and flowers, for this special occasion.<ref name="ref5" /><ref name="ref6" /> The leaders spreading the message of Guru Nanak.<ref name="ref5" />
[[File:Palki.jpg|thumb|upright|Guru Nanak Gurpurab 2010 at [[Pune]], Maharashtra, India]]

On the day of the Gurpurab, the celebrations commence/begin early in the morning at about 4 to 5 a.m.<ref name=ref6/><ref name=ref5/> This time of the day is referred to as ''[[Amrit Vela]]''. The day begins with the singing of ''Asaa-Ki-Vaar'' (morning hymns).<ref name=ref6/><ref name=ref5/> This is followed by any combination of ''Katha''<ref name=ref6/> (exposition of the scripture) and ''Kirtan'' (hymns from the Sikh scriptures), in the praise of the Guru.<ref name=ref5/> Following that is the ''Langar'', a special community lunch, which is arranged at the ''Gurudwaras'' by volunteers. The idea behind the free communal lunch is that everyone, irrespective of gender, caste, class or creed,<ref name=ref4>{{Cite web|url=http://www.festivalsofindia.in/gurupurab/|title=Guru Purab|access-date=26 December 2011|archive-date=24 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224161348/http://www.festivalsofindia.in/gurupurab/|url-status=live}}</ref> should be offered food in the spirit of ''seva'' (service) and ''bhakti'' (devotion).

Night prayer sessions are also held in some Gurudwaras, which begin around sunset when Rehras (evening prayer) is recited, followed by Kirtan till late at night.<ref name=ref5/> The congregation starts singing Gurbani at about 1:20 a.m., which is the actual time of birth of Guru Nanak. The celebrations culminate at around 2 a.m.<ref name=ref5/> Guru Nanak Gurpurab is celebrated by the Sikh community all over the world and is one of the most important festivals in the Sikh calendar. The celebrations are especially colorful in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], Haryana, and [[Chandigarh]] and many more locations like in parts of Pakistan and England. Even some Sindhis celebrate this festival.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Satpathy|first=Kriti Saraswat|date=2016-11-14|title=Guru Nanak Jayanti: Why and how Gurpurab is celebrated in India|url=https://www.india.com/travel/articles/guru-nanak-jayanti-why-and-how-gurpurab-is-celebrated-in-india-3231424/|access-date=2020-11-25|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128120810/https://www.india.com/travel/articles/guru-nanak-jayanti-why-and-how-gurpurab-is-celebrated-in-india-3231424/|url-status=live}}</ref> Celebrating the auspicious day, the Punjab government has announced that it will install chairs dedicated to the great saint in 11 universities. The announcement was made on 11 November 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/punjab-government-to-install-chair-dedicated-to-guru-nanak-dev-in-11-universities/story-8uekfSMGLM65DHJy0LF1DN.html|title=Punjab government to install chair dedicated to Guru Nanak in 11 universities|date=11 November 2019|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=12 November 2019|archive-date=12 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112075938/https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/punjab-government-to-install-chair-dedicated-to-guru-nanak-dev-in-11-universities/story-8uekfSMGLM65DHJy0LF1DN.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Public Holiday ===
Guru Nanak Gurpurab is celebrated as public holiday in the following places:
{| class="wikitable"
!Country
!States/Provinces
|-
|India <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publicholidays.in/guru-nanak-jayanti/|title=Guru Nanak Jayanti 2020, 2021 and 2022|website=PublicHolidays.in|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-28|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930202415/https://publicholidays.in/guru-nanak-jayanti/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Assam
|}

== See also ==

* {{anl|Gurpurb}}
* {{anl|Guru Gaddi}}
* {{anl|Joti Jot}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

*[https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/holydays/gurpurbs.shtml Gurpurab] [[BBC]]

{{Sikhism}}
{{Punjabi fairs and festivals}}
{{Winter solstice}}

[[Category:Birthdays of religious leaders]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals in India]]
[[Category:Memorials to Guru Nanak]]
[[Category:November observances]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]
[[Category:Sikh festivals]]

Military career of Bhoja

2026-02-02T20:06:42Z

KateCurmi92: basic reworked lead as per guidelines and updated info

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
[[File:Statue of Raja Bhoja 01.jpg|thumb|right|A statue of Bhoja in [[Bhopal]]]]

The 11th century [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] king [[Bhoja]] ruled from his capital at [[Dhara (city)|Dhara]] (Dhar in present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]], India). The period of his reign is dated approximately 1010 CE to 1055 CE, although some historians believe that he ascended the throne before 1010 CE. Bhoja inherited a kingdom centered around the [[Malwa]] region, and made several attempts to expand it varying results. He managed to annex territories as far as northern parts of [[Konkan]], but these territorial gains were short-lived. He fought wars against several of his neighbours, including the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukyas of Gujarat]], the [[Chalukyas of Lata]], the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani]] (Western Chalukyas), the [[Chandelas of Jejakabhukti]], the [[Kachchhapaghata dynasty|Kachchhapaghatas]] of [[Gwalior]], the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]], the [[Chahamanas of Naddula]], and the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]]. He also conflicted with [[Ghaznavids|Gaznavid Turk]] Invaders,{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=155-156}} Mahmud's desecration of the Somnath temple in Gujarat motivated Bhoja to lead an army against him, however after Somnath raid, [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Mahmud Gazhnavi]] chose a more dangerous route via [[Sindh]], to avoid facing the invading powerful armies of Bhoja.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=162-163}}{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|pp=60-62}}

Apart from epigraphic records, much of the information about Bhoja's military campaigns comes from legendary accounts, including [[Hemachandra]] (12th century), Merutunga's ''[[Prabandha-Chintamani]]'' (14th century), Rajavallabha's ''Bhoja-Charitra'' (15th century), and Ballala's ''Bhoja-Prabandha'' (17th century).

== Chaulukyas: Vallabha and Durlabha ==

The kingdom of the [[Chaulukya|Chaulukyas of Gujarat]] (also known as Chaulukyas) was located to the west of [[Malwa]], the Paramara territory. Several legendary accounts talk of a rivalry between the two kingdoms during the reigns of the Chaulukya rulers Vallabha and Durlabha. Some historians, who date the start of Bhoja's reign before 1010 CE, believe that this conflict happened during the early years of his reign.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=130-131}}{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=39}}

According to the 12th century writer [[Hemachandra]], who was patronized by the Chaulukyas, Bhoja's predecessor [[Sindhuraja]] invaded the Chaulukya kingdom, but was forced to retreat by [[Chamundaraja (Chaulukya dynasty)|Chamunda-raja]]. Abhayatilaka's commentary on Hemachandra's work states that Chamunda later retired and set on a pilgrimate to [[Varanasi|Kashi]]. On the way, he passed through Malwa, whose king forced him to give up his royal insignia. According to Hemachandra, Chamunda returned to the Chaulukya capital [[Anahilavada]], and asked his son and successor [[Vallabharaja|Vallabha-raja]] to avenge his humiliation. Vallabha set out against Bhoja with an army, but died of [[smallpox]] on the way. His army then retreated to his Anahilavada.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=130-131}}{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=38}}

The 14th century writer Merutunga claims that it was Vallabha's successor [[Durlabharaja (Chaulukya dynasty)|Durlabha-raja]] who passed through Malwa on his way to Kashi, and [[Vakpati Munja|Munja]] was the Paramara king at the time. However, this account is historically inaccurate, because Munja died nearly a decade before Durlabha's ascension.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=135}} ''Sukrita Sankirtana'' by Arisimha and ''Sukrita-Kirti-Kallolini'' by [[Udayaprabha Suri]], both written under the patronage of Chaulukyas and their successors, claim that Vallabha defeated the king of Malwa. These claims are not supported by any historical evidence either. Only the fact that Vallabha marched against Malwa appears to be historically true, as suggested by the ''[[Vadnagar]] Prashasti'' inscription of the later Chaulukya king [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]]. This inscription claims that the king of Malwa felt a quake on hearing about Vallabharaja's march against him.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=132}}

Durlabha became the Chaulukya king around 1009 CE, so Vallabha's invasion of Malwa must have happened before this time. Some scholars, such as D. C. Ganguly and K. N. Seth identify Vallabha's rival as Bhoja, who according to them, had just assumed the throne of Malwa around 1008 CE.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=130-131}}{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=39}} Other scholars, such as Mahesh Singh, believe that Bhoja's ascension took place after 1009 CE, and therefore Vallabha's rival must have been Bhoja's predecessor Sindhuraja.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=40}}

According to a legend mentioned by Hemachandra, Vallabha's successor Durlabha also fought against the ruler of Malwa. According to this account, Mahendra-raja, the [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Chahamana]] ruler of [[Nadol]], organized a ''[[swayamvara]]'' (husband-choosing ceremony) for his sister Durlabha-devi. Besides Durlabha-raja, he invited the rulers of [[Anga]], [[Andhra Pradesh|Andhra]], Kashi, [[Kuru kingdom|Kuru]], [[Mathura]] and [[Ujjayini]] to this ceremony. Durlabha-devi chose Durlabha-raja as her husband. Out of jealousy, the other invitees formed a confederacy and attacked his contingent, while he was returning to his capital. Durlabha-raja defeated their combined army.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=40}} The contemporary ruler of Ujjayini (which is located in Malwa) would have been Bhoja. The king was young at the time, so his participation in a ''swayamvara'' does not sound far-fetched. However, Durlabha's defeat of such a strong confederacy seems unlikely, and there is no historical evidence of a war between Bhoja and Durlabha.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=133-134}}{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=41}} Moreover, the chief of Naddula was a relatively insignificant ruler, and it is unlikely that so many major rulers left their kingdoms to attend his ceremony at a time when northern India was under attacks from [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]. Therefore, this legend does not seem to be historically accurate.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=40-41}}

== Chalukyas of Lata ==

Bhoja's first military aggression appears to be his invasion of the [[Lata (region)|Lata region]] (in present-day [[Gujarat]]), around 1018 CE. Durlabha, the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya]] (Chalukya) king of Gujarat, had plundered Lata in 1018 CE. Soon after this, Bhoja also invaded Lata.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=136}} Bhoja's victory over the ruler of Lata is attested by epigraphic records, as well as literary and epigraphic records, including the ''Prabandha-Chintamani'', the ''[[Udaipur (Madhya Pradesh)|Udaipur]] Prashasti'' inscription and the [[Kalyan]] [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|copper plate inscription]].{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=43}}

The ruler defeated by Bhoja appears to be Kirtiraja, who belonged to a [[Chalukyas of Lata|Chalukya branch]], and whose [[Surat]] grant is dated 1018 CE.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=136}} A copper-plate grant of his grandson Trilochana-pala seems to corroborate Bhoja's victory, when it states that Kirtiraja's fame was taken away briefly by his enemies.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=20}} According to [[Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi|K M Munshi]], Kirtiraja was the vassal of the [[Western Chalukya]]s, but K N Seth believes that he was an independent ruler at the time of Bhoja's invasion.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=137}}

Bhoja did not depose the Chalukyas of Lata: the epigraphic evidence suggests that the dynasty continued even after this defeat. Kirtiraja may have become independent after serving as a feudatory of Bhoja for a brief period.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=137}}{{sfn|Sailendra Nath Sen|1999|p=320}}

== Shilaharas of Konkana ==

Bhoja's invasion of Lata brought him close to the [[Shilahara]] kingdom of northern [[Konkana kingdom|Konkana]], which was located to the south of Lata.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=136}} By this time, the Shilaharas had been weakened by a [[Western Chalukya]] invasion, and probably acknowledged their suzerainty.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=138}}

In 1017 CE, the Shilahara king [[Arikesarin|Arikesari]] was independent of Bhoja, as suggested by his 1017 CE inscription discovered at [[Thane]]. The [[Inscriptions of Bhoja#1020 CE Betma inscription|Betma copper-plate inscription]] of Bhoja, dated 3 January 1020 CE, indicates that northern Konkana was under the Paramara control by this date. Therefore, Bhoja must have invaded Konkan sometime during 1017-1020 CE.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=139}} Bhoja's conquest of Konkana was a first for a Paramara king in this region. He celebrated this victory in a big way by making generous donations to [[Brahmin]]s. His 1020 CE inscription states that he organized a ''Konkana-Grahana Vijaya Parva'' ("Konkan Victory Festival").{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=140-141}}

The Shilaharas probably continued to administer Konkana as Bhoja's vassals.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=46}} By the end of his reign, Bhoja had lost the control of this territory. According to D. B. Diskalkar, the Western Chalukya king [[Jayasimha II (Western Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha II]] conquered this region from Bhoja. The 1024 CE [[Miraj]] inscription of Jayasimha states that after subduing the lords of "the seven Konkanas", he encamped near Kolhapur in order to conquer the northern regions. Diskalkar believed that the term "northern regions" here refers to northern Konkana, which Jayasimha must have captured some time before 1024 CE. The critics of this theory point out that the Miraj inscription only refers to a plan, not the actual conquest of the northern regions. Moreover, none of the Chalukya inscriptions refer to their victory over the Paramaras in Konkana, although they mention their other successes against Bhoja. According to [[Pandurang Vaman Kane|P. V. Kane]], the lords defeated by Jayasimha were the [[Kadambas of Goa]].{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=141-142}} K. N. Seth believes that it was Jayasimha's successor [[Someshvara I]], who evicted the Paramaras from northern Konkana, around 1047 CE.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=144}}

== Chalukyas of Kalyani: Jayasimha II ==

The [[Chalukyas of Kalyani]], also known as the Western Chalukyas, were the southern neighbours and bitter rivals of the Paramaras. Their king [[Tailapa II]] had defeated and killed Bhoja's uncle [[Vakpati Munja|Munja]]. Sometime before 1019 CE, Bhoja formed an alliance against them with [[Rajendra Chola]] and Gangeyadeva [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri]]. At this time, [[Jayasimha II (Western Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha II]] was the Chalukya king.{{sfn|M. C. Choubey|2006|p=63}} The triple alliance engaged the Chalukyas at their northern and southern frontiers simultaneously.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=144-145}} The extent of Bhoja's success in this campaign is not certain, as both Chalukya and Paramara [[panegyric]]s claimed victory.{{sfn|Saikat K. Bose|2015|p=27}}

The Chalukya inscriptions state that they forced Bhoja's army to retreat. The 1019 CE [[Balligavi]] inscription of his feudatory states that Jayasimha was like a moon to the lotus Bhoja (that is, Jayasimha humbled Bhoja like a moon-rise causes a day-blooming lotus to close its petals). It claims that Jayasimha forced the Malwa army to flee the battlefield.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=145}}{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=48}} Jayasimha's 1028 CE Kulenur inscription claims that he routed the elephant army of (Rajendra) Chola, Gangeya and Bhoja.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=145}} In this battle, Jayasimha's vassal Bachiraja seems to have played an important role: he claims to have embarrassed Bhoja.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=19}} On the other hand, the [[Inscriptions of Bhoja#Kalwan inscription|Kalvan copper plates]] of Bhoja's feudatory Yashovarman as well as the ''[[Udaipur (Madhya Pradesh)|Udaipur]] Prashasti'' inscription of Bhoja's descendants claim that he defeated the Karnatas (that is, the Chalukyas of Kalyani).{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=145}}

D. C. Ganguly believes that Bhoja achieved some early victories against the Chalukyas, but was ultimately defeated. Others, including D. B. Diskalkar and [[Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri|H. C. Ray]], believe that Bhoja was defeated by Jayasimha after some early successes, but ultimately emerged victorious against the Chalukyas after 1028 CE. According to [[Georg Bühler]], the struggle probably ended with some advantage for Bhoja, which might have been exaggerated into a great victory by the Paramara poets.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=50}}

Swati Datta notes that the 1022 CE Depalpur inscription of Bhoja records the grant of a village to a [[Brahmin]] named Vacchala. The record states that Vacchala had migrated from [[Manyakheta]] (which was in Jayasimha's territory) to Malwa. Datta theorizes that by this time, Jayasimha's kingdom was under attack from the Chola-Kalachuri-Paramara confederacy. The Cholas had previously attacked the Chalukya kingdom during the reign of Jayasimha's ancestor [[Satyashraya]]. During this invasion, they are said to have killed the Brahmin men and married off Brahmin girls to the men from other castes. According to Datta, Vacchala might have feared a repeat of this episode in case of a Chalukya defeat. This might have motivated him to seek shelter with Bhoja, who was reputed as a patron of learned Brahmins. Datta believes that Jayasimha was able to repulse the invasion by 1024 CE.{{sfn|Swati Datta|1989|p=99}}

A ''Bhoja-Charitra'' legend claims that shortly after becoming the king, Bhoja saw a play which depicted the killing of his uncle Munja by Tailapa. An enraged Bhoja launched an expedition against Tailapa, captured him, humiliated him and finally executed him. The story is historically inaccurate, as Tailapa died before Bhoja ascended the throne.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=146}}

== Indraratha ==

The ''Udaipur Prashasti'' states that Bhoja defeated a ruler named Indraratha. A king with the same name is also mentioned in [[Rajendra Chola]]'s 1018 CE [[Thiruvalangadu]] and 1025 CE [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Tirumalai]] inscriptions. According to the Chola inscriptions, Indraratha belonged to the Somavamshi dynasty, and was defeated at Adinagara. The defeated king is identified with Indranatha of the [[Somavaṃśī dynasty|Somavamshi]] dynasty of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]], and Adinagara is identified with present-day [[Mukhalingam]]. Historians believe that the king defeated by Bhoja and Rajendra Chola was the same person. There is no evidence of Bhoja having led an independent campaign against Indraratha: he may have played a secondary role in the Chola campaign as part of an alliance.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=167-168}}{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|pp=56-57}}

== Ghaznavids ==

The [[Ghaznavids]], a Muslim dynasty of [[Turkic people|Turkic]] origin, invaded north-western India in the 11th century, led by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]. The ''Udaipur Prashasti'' claims that Bhoja's mercenaries defeated the Turushkas (Turkic people).{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=155-156}} There are some legendary accounts of Bhoja's military successes against the foreign invaders identified with the Ghaznavids. However, there is no clear evidence to show that Bhoja fought against the Ghaznavids or any other Muslim army.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=60}} Nevertheless, the legends suggest that Bhoja was not a silent spectator to the Ghaznavid campaigns in north-western India. The invaders did not reach Malwa during Bhoja's reign. So if Bhoja's soldiers did fight against them, the battle would have happened outside Malwa.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=155}}

According to the 16th century Muslim historian [[Firishta]], Mahmud of Ghazni invaded the Hindu [[Hindu Shahi|Kabul Shahi]] kingdom in 1008 CE. Its ruler [[Anandapala]] requested help from other Hindu kings. In response, the kings of Ajmer, Delhi, Gwalior, Kalinjar, Kannauj and Ujjain formed a confederacy with Anandapala. Mahmud defeated this coalition army. However, none of the earlier Muslim historians mention the contribution of other Hindu kings to Anandapala's defence, and therefore modern historians consider Firishta's claim as an exaggeration.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=157}} It is, however, possible that some of these kings supplied troops to Anandapala. Since Ujjain is in Malwa, the king of Ujjain referred by Firishta could have been Bhoja. Some years later, Anandapala's son Trilochanapala was also defeated by Mahmud, and is said to have been granted asylum by Bhoja.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=158}}

Mahmud attacked the [[Somnath]] Hindu temple around 1024 CE. ''Kitab Zainu'l-Akhbar'' (c. 1048 CE) by 'Abd al-Hayy Gardizi states that after the Somnath raid, Mahmud chose to avoid a confrontation with a powerful Hindu ruler called Param Dev. Mahmud was carrying back a large amount of looted wealth, which might have been his motivation behind avoiding a battle. He did not return to [[Multan]] via the same route he had arrived. Instead, he chose a more dangerous route via [[Sindh]], to avoid facing Param Dev: he passed through a desert, where the scarcity of food and water killed a large number of his soldiers and animals. The 16th century ''Tabaqat-i-Akbari'' by [[Nizamuddin Ahmad]] and Firishta's writings also mention this incident.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=162-163}}{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|pp=60-62}} Firishta identified Param Dev with [[Bhima I]], the Chaulukya king of Gujarat. However, this identification is contested by modern historians. Bhima had ascended the throne relatively recently, and was not a powerful ruler at the time of Mahmud's raid. In fact, according to Muslim historians, during Mahmud's invasion, he fled his capital [[Anahilavada]] and took shelter in Kandahat (identified with [[Kanthkot Fort|Kanthkot]]). Moreover, Mahmud defeated the Chaulukya army in January 1025 CE. The Muslim historians before Firishta, such as Gardizi and Nizamuddin Ahmad, mention the king of Naharawala (Anhailavada) as distinct from Param Dev. Unlike Bhima, Bhoja was a powerful and famous ruler at that time. Bhoja was also a Shaivite, and according to the ''Udaipur Prashasti'', had constructed a temple dedicated to Somnath (an aspect of Shiva). Thus Mahmud's desecration of the Somnath temple in Gujarat would have motivated Bhoja to lead an army against him. Based on these evidences, modern scholars identify Param Dev with Bhoja. According to this theory, Param Dev may be a corruption of Paramara-Deva or of Bhoja's title ''Parameshvara-Paramabhattakara''.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=163-165}}{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|pp=61-62}}

Firishta also states that in 1043 CE, the Raja of Delhi formed an alliance with other Hindu kings to re-capture the territories lost to Mahmud of Ghazni. The allies expelled Mahmud's governors from [[Hansi]], [[Thanesar]] and their dependencies. After a 4-month long siege they also took control of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Nagarkot]]. Next, they unsuccessfully besieged [[Lahore]] for 7 months. The Raja of Delhi is identified with [[Tomar dynasty|Tomar]] ruler Mahipal, but it is unclear who his allies were. Based on the Udaipur Prashasti's claim of Bhoja's successes against the Turushkas, historians such as K. N. Seth and S. N. Sen suggest that Bhoja was a member of this confederacy.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=166}}{{sfn|Sailendra Nath Sen|1999|p=320}}

{{anchor|Mahamada}}
A ''[[Bhavishya Purana]]'' legend also narrates Bhoja's campaign against the Muslims, describing him a descendant of the legendary kings [[Vikramaditya]] and [[Shalivahana]]. It states that Bhoja defeated several [[mleccha]] (foreign) kings after reaching the [[Indus River]]. During this campaign, he came into contact with a mleccha named Mahamada (a character modeled on [[Muhammad]], possibly combined with [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]). Lord [[Shiva]] told Bhoja that Mahamada had been doing the work of the [[pishacha]]s (demons). The poet [[Kalidasa]], who accompanied Bhoja, turned Mahamada into ash with his chants and prayers. Mahamada's disciples took the ashes, and returned to the Vahika country, where they established the ''Mada-hina'' city (literally, "without intoxication"; identified with [[Medina]]). One night, Mahamada magically took on a [[pishacha]] body and appeared before Bhoja. He told Bhoja that the pishachas will practice [[khitan (circumcision)|ritual circumcision]], keep beards but not [[sikha|topknots]] (unlike Hindus), and [[cow protection movement|eat cows]]. He further said that they will use a ''musala'' ([[mortar and pestle|pestle]]) for their rites, thus explaining the etymology of the term "[[Muslim]]". Bhoja came home and established [[Sanskrit]] language among the top three [[varna in Hinduism|varnas]] and [[Prakrit]] language among the [[Shudra]]s. During his 50-year reign, [[Aryavarta]] (the land between the [[Himalayas]] and the [[Vindhyas]]) became a blessed land where the varna system was established. On the other hand, caste mixture took place beyond the Vindhyas (that is, in [[South India]]).{{sfn|Alf Hiltebeitel|2009|pp=273-275}} This is an imaginary account not supported by any historical evidence.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=60}}

== Chandelas and Kachchhapaghatas ==

The [[Chandelas of Jejakabhukti]] were the eastern neighbours of the Paramaras. The [[Mahoba]] inscription of the Chandelas claims that Bhoja and "Kalachuri Chandra" ([[Gangeyadeva|Gangeya-deva]]) waited upon the Chandela king [[Vidyadhara (Chandela ruler)|Vidyadhara]], who had "caused the destruction of the king of [[Kanyakubja]]" (that is, the [[Gurjara-Pratihara]] king Rajyapala).{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=20}} According to one theory, this suggests that Bhoja, possibly aided by Gangeya-deva, unsuccessfully invaded Vidyadhara's territory. However, some scholars such as [[K. M. Munshi]] believe that the statement in the Mahoba inscription is merely a boastful exaggeration.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=69}} Historian [[V. V. Mirashi]] interpreted it to mean that Bhoja participated as an ally in Vidyadhara's campaign against Rajyapala.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=20}}

Bhoja was able to extend his influence among the Chandela feudatories, possibly after Vidyadhara's death. The [[Kachchhapaghata dynasty|Kachchhapaghatas]] of Dubkund were the northern neighbours of the Paramaras. During Arjuna's reign, they were Chandela vassals. However, Arjuna's successor Abhimanyu accepted Bhoja's suzerainty. The 1088 CE Dubkund inscription of Abhimanyu's grandson Vikramasimha states that the intelligent and illustrious king Bhoja-deva praised Abhimanyu's skills as a general.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|pp=172-173}}

The 1092 CE [[Sasbahu Temple, Gwalior|Sasbahu Temple]] inscription of the [[Kachchhapaghata dynasty|Kachchhapaghata]] ruler Mahipala states that his ancestor Kirtiraja defeated the prince of Malava, whose soldiers fled the battlefield, leaving behind their spears. Earlier scholars identified the defeated king as Bhoja, but it is more likely that this king was his predecessor Sindhuraja.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=19}}

== Gurjaras ==

According to the ''Udaipur Prashasti'' inscription, Bhoja defeated the [[Gurjaradesa|Gurjara]] king. The identity of this king is debated by the historians. D. C. Ganguly identified him with a [[Branches of Rashtrakuta dynasty#Rashtrakuta branches|Rashtrakuta of Kannauj]]. However, no Rashtrakuta king is known to have been referred to as a "Gurjara". According to K. N. Seth, the Gurjara king can be identified with the [[Gurjara-Pratihara]] ruler Trilochanapala of [[Kannauj]] (whose last known inscription is dated 1027 CE).{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=174-175}}

The Gurjara-Pratihara capital was located at Kanyakubja (Kannauj). After their decline, the area around Kanyakubja was controlled by the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri]]s and the [[Gahadavala]]s. The 1104 CE Basahi inscription of the Gahadavalas states that their king [[Chandradeva]] emerged as the saviour of the land after the death of Bhoja and the destruction of [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Karna]]'s fame. Since the Gurjara-Pratihara king [[Mihira Bhoja]] had died more than two centuries earlier, "Bhoja" here must refer to the Paramara king.{{sfn|Roma Niyogi|1959|p=43-44}} This corroborates the theory that Bhoja's influence extended to Kanyakubja.{{sfn|Roma Niyogi|1959|p=15}}

In any case, historical evidence indicates that Bhoja could not retain control of Kannauj for a long time, if at all.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=174-175}} In his campaign against the Gurjaras, Bhoja may have been aided by Satyaraja, a Paramara of the [[Vagada]] branch. The Panhera inscription of Satyaraja states that he defeated the Gurjaras, and received a fortune from Bhoja.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=175}}

== Sahavahana ==

The [[Inscriptions of Bhoja#1046 CE Tilakwada inscription|1046 CE Tilakawada copper plate inscription]] states that Bhoja's general Suraditya stabilized his royal fortune by slaughtering one Sahavahana in a battle.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=175}}

Earlier scholars, including D. C. Ganguly and K. M. Munshi, identified Sahavahana with Sahila Verman of [[Chamba State|Chamba]]'s Mushana dynasty. This identification is not correct, as Sahila Verman's reign ended in the mid-10th century, much before Bhoja's ascension. Another theory identifies Sahavahana with Salavahana, a descendant of Sahila Verman. However, it is unlikely that the small hill state of Chamba could gather an army formidable enough to destabilize Bhoja's kingdom, located nearly 1,500 km away from Chamba.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=175-176}}

D. B. Diskalkar believed "Sahavahana" to be a variant of "[[Chahamana]]", and identified the defeated king as a [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Nadol Chahamana]] ruler. H. V. Trivedi disagreed with this theory, arguing that there is no philological connection between the two words. He theorized that "Sahavahana" is a variant of [[Satavahana]], and may have been used as a generic term for the southern kingdoms (possibly the [[Western Chalukya]]s in this case).{{sfn|Harihar Vitthal Trivedi|1991|p=52}}

According to K. N. Seth, Sahavahana might not have been a king at all, as the inscription does not mention his title. He might have been a general of one of Bhoja's rivals, possibly the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri]] king Karna.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=176}}

== Chahamanas ==

The various branches of the [[Chahamana]]s occupied territories to the north of Bhoja's kingdom. Later texts such as ''Surjana-Charita'', ''Hammira-Kavya'' and ''[[Prabandha Kosha]]'' claim that the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Shakambhari Chahamana]] king [[Vakpatiraja II|Vakpati II]] defeated Bhoja. These sources provide also provide some fictitious details about the supposed conflict. However, this claim is not reliable.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=34}} According to the ''[[Prithviraja Vijaya]]'', Bhoja defeated and killed Vakpati's successor [[Viryarama]]. If Vakpati had indeed defeated Bhoja, Bhoja's campaign against Viryarama may have been aimed at avenging this defeat.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=20}}

Encouraged by this success, he also waged a war against the [[Chahamanas of Naddula]] ([[Nadol]]). But in this second campaign, his army was forced to retreat, and his general Sadha was killed in a battle against [[Anahilla]].{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=177}}

== Chalukyas of Kalyani: Someshvara I ==

During the last years of Bhoja's reign, Jayasimha's son and successor [[Someshvara I]] invaded Malwa, and sacked his capital [[Dhara (city)|Dhara]]. S. N. Sen dates this invasion to some time after 1042 CE.{{sfn|Sailendra Nath Sen|1999|p=320}}

Multiple Chalukya inscriptions dated between 1058 and 1067 CE state that Someshvara invaded Malwa, and plundered its important cities, including Dhara, Ujjayni and [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandapa]]. ''Vikramankadeva-Charita'' by [[Bilhana]], a court-poet of Someshvara's son [[Vikramaditya VI]], states that Bhoja deserted his capital Dhara, which was then sacked by Someshvara. ''Kuvalayananda'' of the 16th century philosopher [[Appayya Dikshita]] also appears to refer to this attack on Malwa by Kuntaleshvara ("Lord of Kuntala", presumably Someshvara I).{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=151-153}}

Someshvara's generals in this expedition included Gundamaya, Jomarasa, Madhusudana (Madhuva) and Nagadeva.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=153}} The 1058 CE Nagai inscription of Madhusudana states that the Chalukya king burned Dhara and Ujjayini. It credits Madhusudana with forcing the ruler of Dhara to flee the city. A 1059-1060 CE states that Nagadeva was like "a [[garuda]] to the serpent Bhoja". A 1060 CE inscription names Gundamaya as the general who captured the Mandapa fort. The 1067 CE Hottur inscription of Jomarasa describes him as "a flame of doom to Bhoja".{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=154}}

[[K. A. Nilakantha Sastri]] speculated that Bhoja might have become a Chalukya vassal as a result of this invasion. But this is not supported by historical evidence: Bhoja re-established his control over Malwa soon after the departure of the Chalukya army. Nevertheless, the defeat was a major setback for the Paramaras.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=56}} It pushed back the southern boundary of the Paramara kingdom from [[Godavari River|Godavari]] to [[Narmada River|Narmada]].{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=154}}

== Kalachuris of Tripuri: Gangeya ==

The [[Kalwan|Kalvan]] inscription, the ''Udaipur Prashasti'' and Merutunga's ''Prabandha-Chintamani'' state that Bhoja defeated the ruler of [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi]]. These sources do not name the defeated king, but at that time, the Chedi region was ruled by the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]].{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=168-169}} The contemporary Kalachuri king was [[Gangeyadeva|Gangeya-deva]]. ''Parijata-Manjari'' (c. 1213 CE) by Bala Saraswati Madana specifically identifies the defeated ruler as Gangeya. A verse engraved on a stone slab in [[Bhoj Shala]] also suggests that Bhoja defeated Gangeya of Tripuri.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=168-169}} The 1223 CE Dhar inscription of the Bhoja's descendant [[Arjunavarman]] also mentions Bhoja's victory over Gangeya.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=64}}

Bhoja and Gangeya were once part of an alliance against the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani]]. It is not certain when they turned into enemies. According to one theory, Bhoja defeated Gangeya before his Chalukya campaign, in which Gangeya must have fought as a Paramara vassal. [[V. V. Mirashi]] believed that Bhoja may have subjugated Gangeya before 1019 CE. This is based on his reading of the 1019 CE Mukundpur inscription of Gangeya, in which the Kalachuri king is titled as ''Maharha-Maha-Mahattaka''. According to Mirashi, this title is not as high as that of the traditional ''Maharajadhiraja'', and therefore, it appears that Gangeya was a vassal of another king (Bhoja) by this time.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=170}}

A contradictory theory is that the two turned enemies after their Chalukya campaign.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=65}} Based on an inscription found at [[Mahoba]], [[K. M. Munshi]] theorized that the two remained allies at least until 1025 CE. Based on the 1028 [[Kulenur]] inscription, K. N. Seth and Mahesh Singh believe that the Chalukyas and the Paramaras did not fight between 1028 CE and 1042 CE (after which Someshvara attacked Malwa). They believe that Bhoja may have used this time to launch an expedition against Gangeya.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=171}}{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=66}}

The Hindi-language [[aphorism]] "''Kahaan Raja Bhoj, kahan Gangu Teli''" ("where is King Bhoj, where is Gangu Teli") contrasts something very important with something very inconsequential. According to K. N. Seth, the term "[[Gangu Teli]]" may have derived from Bhoja's victory over Gangeya ("Gangu") and the ruler of Telangana ("Teli").{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=170}}

The ''Udaipur Prashasti'' also claims that Bhoja defeated one Togglala.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=36}} S. K. Bose identifies this person with Gangeya's predecessor [[Kokalla II]].{{sfn|Saikat K. Bose|2015|p=281}}

== Last days ==

=== Chaulukyas: Bhima ===

According to Merutunga, the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya]] king Durlabha's son [[Bhima I]] had cordial relations with Bhoja during the early part of his reign. Bhoja, however, decided to expand his kingdom by capturing Bhima's territories in Gujarat.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=178}} When Bhima learned of the planned invasion, he sent his diplomat Damara to Bhoja's court. A play poking fun at other kings was being staged at Bhoja's court at the time. In one scene, the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukya]] king [[Tailapa II|Tailapa]] and another king were shown in Paramara prison. The other king asked Tailapa to move to another corner in the prison, but Tailapa refused to vacate his place, calling it his ancestral residence. At the end of this scene, Bhoja sought Damara opinion on the script, expecting him to praise the witty humour. Damara replied that the scene was indeed witty, but reminded Bhoja that Tailapa was still renowned for killing his uncle [[Vakpati Munja|Munja]]. Bhoja then abandoned his plans to attack Gujarat, and instead launched a campaign against [[Telangana|Tilanga]] (ruled by the Chalukyas of Kalyani).{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=148-150}}

Bhima launched an expedition against the Paramara branch at [[Mount Abu|Abu]], some time before 1031 CE. Dhandhuka, the ruler of Abu, had to seek shelter with Bhoja as a result. Bhima installed Vimala of the Pragvata family as his governor in Abu. The shrine of Adinatha in Abu was commissioned by Vimala in 1031 CE, so Bhima must have defeated Dhandhuka before this year. According to Jinaprabha Suri's ''Tirtha Kalpa'', Bhima later restored Dhandhuka as his vassal.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=180-181}}

[[Hemachandra]] states that Bhima was once engaged in a campaign at the [[Sindh]] frontier. Taking advantage of his absence, Bhoja's general Kulachandra sacked the Chaulukya capital Anahillalpataka ([[Anahilavada]]).{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=179-180}} After his return from Sindh, Bhima dispatched his soldiers to raid Malwa several times. Merutunga's ''Prabandha-Chintamani'' states that once two such soldiers - Aluya and Akoluya - attacked Bhoja in the vicinity of his capital [[Dhara (city)|Dhara]], but the Paramara king escaped unhurt.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=181}}

=== Kalachuris of Tripuri: Karna ===

[[Lakshmikarna|Karna]], the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri king of Tripuri]] and the successor of Gangeya, attacked the Paramara kingdom during the last years of Bhoja's reign, or after his death. According to a legend mentioned by Merutunga, Karna challenged Bhoja to either a war or a palace-building contest. Bhoja, who was an old man by this time, chose the second option. The contest involved construction of a palace of pre-determined height in the shortest time possible. Karna managed to build his palace in [[Varanasi|Kashi]], while Bhoja's palace in [[Ujjain]] remained incomplete. The loser of the contest was supposed to accept the victor's suzerainty, but Bhoja went back on his words. Therefore, Karna, in alliance with Bhima of Gujarat, invaded Malwa. According to Merutunga, Bhoja died of a disease at the same time the allied army attacked his kingdom.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=182}}{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|pp=66-67}}

=== Alliance of Bhima and Karna ===

The historicity of Merutunga's legend is doubtful, but it might have some historical basis.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=183}} The Nagpur inscription of Bhoja's grandson Udayaditya mentions that he removed the "clouds of difficulties" which had spread over the Paramara capital Dhara after Bhoja's death. It appears that the alliance of Bhima and Karna attacked Malwa shortly before Bhoja died or after his death.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=67}}

The [[Vadnagar]] Prashasti inscription of the Bhima's descendant [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]] states that Bhima captured the Paramara capital [[Dhara (city)|Dhara]].{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|pp=66-67}} Bhima's victory of Bhoja is also mentioned in several literary works written under Chaulukya patronage, such as ''Kirti-Kaumudi'' by Someshvara, ''Sukrita Sankirtana'' by Arisimha and ''Kumarapala-Charita'' by Jayasimha. ''Kirti-Kaumudi'' claims that Bhima captured Bhoja, but generously released him and spared his life. The legends in these literary works cannot be taken literally, as they are not corroborated by historical evidence.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=184}}

Some historians, such as [[R. D. Banerji]] and [[Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri|H. C. Raychaudhuri]], proposed that Bhoja died while facing a defeat at the hands of the enemy confederacy. According to Raychaudhuri, besides Karna and Bhima, the confederacy may have included Someshvara (Chalukya of Kalyani) and Trilochanapala (Chalukya of Lata).{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=67}} However, other historians believe that the Karna-led invasion of Dhara happened after Bhoja's death.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=68}}{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=183}}

== See also ==
* [[Bhoja]]
* [[Paramara dynasty]]
* [[History of Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[List of rulers of Malwa]]
* [[List of Rajput dynasties and states]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book |author=Alf Hiltebeitel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMFdosx0PokC&pg=PA263 |title=Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics: Draupadi among Rajputs, Muslims, and Dalits |author-link=Alf Hiltebeitel |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2009 |isbn=9780226340555 |pages=254–275 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Arvind K. Singh |title=Interpreting the History of the Paramāras |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=22 |issue=1 |year=2012 |pages=13–28 |jstor=41490371 }}
* {{cite book|author=Asoke Kumar Majumdar |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffAdAAAAMAAJ |year=1956 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |oclc=4413150 }}
* {{cite book|author=Dasharatha Sharma|author-link=Dasharatha Sharma|title=Early Chauhān Dynasties|publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass|year=1959|isbn=9780842606189|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book |author=Harihar Vitthal Trivedi |title=Inscriptions of the Paramāras, Chandēllas, Kachchapaghātas, and two minor dynasties |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ybQrQEACAAJ |year=1991 |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] }}
* {{cite book |author=Krishna Narain Seth |title=The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q4dAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Progress |year=1978 |oclc=8931757 }}
* {{cite book |author=M. C. Choubey |title=Tripurī, history and culture |year=2006 |publisher=Sharada |isbn=9788188934287 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axpuAAAAMAAJ }}
* {{cite book |last=Dikshit |first=R. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9j9ZJGJOV0C&pg=PA25 |title=The Candellas of Jejākabhukti |publisher=Abhinav |year=1976 |isbn=9788170170464 }}
* {{cite book |last=Mitra |first=Sisirkumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=irHN2UA_Z7gC&pg=PA27 |title=The Early Rulers of Khajurāho |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1977 |isbn=9788120819979 }}
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Mahesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPsgAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhoja Paramāra and His Times |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan |year=1984 }}
* {{cite book |author=Mahesh Singh |title=Bhoja Paramāra and His Times |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan |year=1984 |oclc=11786897 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPsgAAAAMAAJ }}
* {{cite book |author=Roma Niyogi |title=The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty |publisher=Oriental |year=1959 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJQBAAAAMAAJ |oclc=5386449 }}
* {{cite book |author=Sailendra Nath Sen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA172 |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |publisher=New Age International |year=1999 |isbn=9788122411980 }}
* {{cite book |author=Swati Datta |title=Migrant Brāhmaṇas in Northern India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pKAb9DPUCCcC&pg=PA28 |year=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0067-0 }}
* {{cite book |author=Saikat K. Bose |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywfsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT281 |title=Boot, Hooves and Wheels: And the Social Dynamics behind South Asian Warfare |publisher=Vij Books |year=2015 | isbn=978-9-38446-454-7 }}

{{refend}}

[[Category:Bhoja]]
[[Category:Military careers by individual|Bhoja]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]

Fingrowth Co-operative Bank

2026-01-31T05:16:15Z

KateCurmi92: Creating a data - done

{{short description|Urban Co-operative Bank}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=October 2020}}
{{One source|date=October 2021}}
{{Primary sources|date=October 2021}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Fingrowth Co-operative Bank
| logo =
| type = [[Cooperative]]
| location = [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1959|df=y}}
| area_served = [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]]
| key_people =
| industry = [[Banking]]
| products =
| num_employees =
| homepage = {{URL| http://fingrowthbank.com/}}
}}

'''Fingrowth Co-operative Bank Ltd.''' (formerly The '''Urban Co-operative Bank Ltd''') is a multi-state co-operative Bank. Its area of operation extends to the state of Rajasthan and Gujarat. The bank was founded in 1959 at Jaipur.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fingrowthbank.com/ |title=Fingrowth Co-operative Bank |website=fingrowthbank.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Banks of India]]
[[Category:Cooperative banks of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Rajasthan]]

{{Asia-bank-stub}}
{{India-company-stub}}

Moka Assembly constituency

2026-01-31T00:45:44Z

KateCurmi92:

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| map_image = Moka Assembly constituency map.svg
| name = Moka
| state = [[Nagaland]]
| type = SLA
| district = [[Mon district|Mon]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]
| established = 1974
| constituency_no = 48
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[A. Nyamnyei Konyak]]
| party = {{Party index link|National People's Party (India)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:18039}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
}}
'''Moka''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=Nagaland Legislative Assembly |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Mon district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1974]] || Anden || {{Full party name with color|Nagaland Nationalist Organisation}}
|-
| [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Manwai Awang || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || rowspan=2 | [[A. Nyamnyei Konyak]]|| {{Full party name with color|Naga National Democratic Party}}
|-
| [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || K. Kiko Konyak
|-
| [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || rowspan=2 | [[A. Nyamnyei Konyak]]
|-
| [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || rowspan=4 | E. E. Pangteang || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[A. Nyamnyei Konyak]]|| {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Moka<ref>{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042608/https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |archive-date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[A. Nyamnyei Konyak]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=8,857 |percentage=50.70% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=E. E. Pangteang|party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|votes=8,301|percentage=47.51%|change=-1.91%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=D. Yongnyak Konyak|party=Naga People's Front|votes=288|percentage=1.65%|change=-48.75%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=25|percentage=0.14%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=556 |percentage=3.18% |change=2.21% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=17,471|percentage=96.85%|change=2.39%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,039 |change =11.76% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 0.30% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Moka<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3652-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2018/?do=download&r=8575&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=0b619cd94134dd7b05162acdebe1ba9f|title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2018 - Nagaland - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |date= |author= |accessdate= December 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=E. E. Pangteang |party=Naga People's Front |votes=7,684 |percentage=50.40% |change=-14.17% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Kiko Konyak |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=7,536 |percentage=49.43% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=27 |percentage=0.18% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=148 |percentage=0.97% |change=-28.28% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,247 |percentage=94.46% |change= -2.11% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,141 |change =-5.49% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -14.17% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Moka<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=E. E. Pangteang |party=Naga People's Front |votes=10,649 |percentage=64.56% |change=11.32% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Longang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,824 |percentage=35.31% |change=-4.61% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,825 |percentage=29.25% |change=15.93% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,494 |percentage=96.57% |change= 2.19% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,079 |change =3.96% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 11.32% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Moka<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=E. E. Pangteang |party=Naga People's Front |votes=8,256 |percentage=53.24% |change=7.18% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[A. Nyamnyei Konyak]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=6,190|percentage=39.92%|change=6.13%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=K. Kiko Konyak|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=1,139|percentage=7.35%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,066 |percentage=13.32% |change=1.05% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=15,507|percentage=94.86%|change=-5.04%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,429 |change =27.00% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 7.18% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Moka<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=E. E. Pangteang |party=Naga People's Front |votes=5,837 |percentage=46.06% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[A. Nyamnyei Konyak]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=4,282|percentage=33.79%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=P. Longang|party=Nationalist Democratic Movement|votes=2,554|percentage=20.15%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,555 |percentage=12.27% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=12,673|percentage=99.43%|change=99.43%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,936 |change =8.51% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Independent politician |swing= -8.89% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Moka<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128160926/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 9th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 1998 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=[[A. Nyamnyei Konyak]] |party=Independent politician |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,921 |change =-2.69% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Moka}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[A. Nyamnyei Konyak]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,684 |percentage=54.95% |change=-6.56% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=E. E. Pangteang|party=Naga People's Front|votes=5,480|percentage=45.05%|change=6.56%}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,204 |percentage=9.90% |change=-13.12% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=12,164|percentage=99.58%|change=0.70%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,250 |change =46.27% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -6.56% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1989 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Moka}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Kiko Konyak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,064 |percentage=61.51% |change=25.04% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[A. Nyamnyei Konyak]]|party=Naga People's Front|votes=3,169|percentage=38.49%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,895 |percentage=23.02% |change=20.85% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=8,233|percentage=98.88%|change=-0.02%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,375 |change =0.01% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 25.04% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1987 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Moka}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[A. Nyamnyei Konyak]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,017 |percentage=36.46% |change=27.76% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=K. Kiko Konyak|party=Independent politician|votes=2,838|percentage=34.30%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=E. E. Pangteang|party=Naga National Democratic Party|votes=2,419|percentage=29.24%|change=-11.22%}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=179 |percentage=2.16% |change=-9.88% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=8,274|percentage=98.90%|change=9.22%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,374 |change =10.20% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Naga National Democratic Party |swing= -3.99% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1982 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Moka}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[A. Nyamnyei Konyak]] |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=2,724 |percentage=40.45% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=K. Kiko Konyak|party=Independent politician|votes=1,913|percentage=28.41%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Engopangtiang Konyak|party=Independent politician|votes=1,511|percentage=22.44%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Awang Manwal|party=Indian National Congress|votes=586|percentage=8.70%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=811 |percentage=12.04% |change=-2.34% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=6,734|percentage=89.68%|change=0.24%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,599 |change =36.40% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga National Democratic Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= -6.96% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Moka}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Manwai Awang |party=Independent politician |votes=2,304 |percentage=47.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pangtiang |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,605 |percentage=33.02% |change=6.14% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Nyamnyei Konyak |party=National Convention of Nagaland |votes=951 |percentage=19.57% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=699 |percentage=14.38% |change=-9.05% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,860 |percentage=89.45% |change= 23.74% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,571 |change =-4.80% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |swing= -2.91% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1974 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Moka}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Anden |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=1,840 |percentage=50.31% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Manwai |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=983 |percentage=26.88% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akai |party=Independent politician |votes=834 |percentage=22.81% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=857 |percentage=23.43% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,657 |percentage=65.70% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,852 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Mon district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}

{{coord|26.31|94.99|display=title}}

[[Category:Mon district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1974]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Nagaland]]

Bishunpur, Gumla

2026-01-27T21:53:24Z

KateCurmi92: Creating entry - done

{{Other uses|Bishunpur (disambiguation){{!}}Bishunpur}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bishunpur
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.381484|N|84.371667|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gumla district|Gumla]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1309
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages *
| demographics1_title1 = [[Official language|Official]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 835231
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD code]]
| area_code = 06524
| registration_plate = JH 07
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 79.52%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Bishunpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bishunpur]]
| website = {{URL|gumla.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bishunpur''' is a village in the [[Bishunpur block|Bishunpur]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the [[Gumla subdivision]] of the [[Gumla district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=350| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|23|6|0|N|84|32|0|E}}| float=right|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Gumla district in South Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre, T: tourist centre, B: Bauxite mining centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

|mark-coord1={{coord|22|52|32|N|84|49|27|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Basia | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Basia, Gumla]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|14|6|N|84|53|25|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Bharno| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Bharno]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|22|53|N|84|22|18|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Bishunpur| numbered3=R| mark-title3= Bishunpur, Gumla (R) |shape-color3=black| label-size3=13|label-color3=black 
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|8|8|N|84|14|21|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Chainpur| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Chainpur, Gumla]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|10|8|N|84|8|10|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Dumri| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Dumri, Gumla (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|3|15|N|84|12|16|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Jari| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Jari, Gumla]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|54|45|N|84|54|58|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7= Kamdara| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Kamdara]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|52|28|N|84|38|43|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Palkot| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Palkot]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|57|19|N|84|27|17|E}} | label-pos9=top|label9= Raidih| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Raidih]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|10|9|N|84|45|37|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Sisai| numbered10=R| mark-title10=[[Sisai, Gumla]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|2|40|N|84|32|30|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Gumla| numbered11=M| mark-title11= [[Gumla]] (M) |label-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|16|17|N|84|33|6|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Ghaghra | numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Ghaghra]] (CT) |shape-color12= #A40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|8|43|N|84|30|13|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Toto | numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Toto, Gumla]] (CT) |shape-color13= #A40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|19|26|N|84|15|9|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Gurdari| numbered14=B| mark-title14=[[Gurdari]] (B) |shape-color14= #A40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|25|26|N|84|25|21|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Jalim| numbered15=B| mark-title15=[[Jalim]] (B) |shape-color15= #A40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|21|50|N|84|27|13|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Serangdag| numbered16=B| mark-title16=[[Serangdag]] (B) |shape-color16= #A40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|56|29|N|84|28|39|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Marda| numbered17=H| mark-title17=[[Marda, Gumla]] (H) | shape-color17=#AA6666
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|6|35|N|84|47|1|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Navratangarh| numbered18=H| mark-title18=[[Navratangarh]] (H) | shape-color18=#AA6666
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|7|31|N|84|40|52|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Nagfeni| numbered19=H| mark-title19=[[Nagfeni]] (H) | shape-color19=#AA6666
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|17|35|N|84|13|30|E}} | label-pos20= right|label20=Sadni |labela20= Falls| numbered20=T| mark-title20= [[Sadni Falls]] (T) |shape-color20= #74C365
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|44|40|N|84|35|10|E}} | label-pos21= top|label21=Palkot |labela21= Wildlife|labelb21= Sanctuary | numbered21=T| mark-title21= [[Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary]] (T) |shape-color21= #74C365
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|46|0|N|84|52|0|E}} |label22= South Koel |labela22= River |label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22= 20| label-pos22=top| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22 =none
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|3|0|N|84|18|0|E}} |label23= Sankh River |label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23= 40| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|0|0|N|85|3|0|E}} |label24= North Karo |labela24= River |label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24= -60| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|22|58|0|N|84|7|0|E}}|arc-textA= CHHATTISGARH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-125| arc-gapA=2.5| arc-radiusA=0.5}}

===Location===
Bishunpur is located at {{coord|23.381484|N|84.371667|E|display=inline}}

Bishunpur is 51 km west of [[Lohardaga]] on the Ranchi- Netarhat road.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 67-68: Brief Description of places of Religious, Historical and Archaeological importance in villages and places of Tourist interest in the Towns of the District |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 October 2021}}</ref>

===Area overview===
The map alongside presents a rugged area, consisting partly of flat-topped hills called ''pat'' and partly of an undulating plateau, in the south-western portion of [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. Three major rivers – the [[Sankh River|Sankh]], [[South Koel River|South Koel]] and [[North Karo River|North Karo]] - along with their numerous tributaries, drain the area. The hilly area has large deposits of [[Bauxite]]. 93.7% of the population lives in rural areas.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A| work= page 7: Natural Divisions, Page 38: 2011 Census Findings–Population and its Distribution |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 29 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britannica.com/place/Chota-Nagpur |title = Chota Nagpur plateau |publisher= Britannica| access-date = 29 October 2021}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Civic administration==
There is a police station at Bishunpur.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/gumla| title = District Police Profile - Gumla| publisher = Jharkhand Police| access-date = 25 October 2021| archive-date = 5 October 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211005032328/https://jhpolice.gov.in/gumla| url-status = dead}}</ref>

The headquarters of Bishunpur CD block are located at Bishunpur village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Gumla district on the third page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 October 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Bishunpur had a total population of 1,309, of which 652 (50%) were males and 657 (50%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 181. The total number of literate persons in Bishunpur was 897 (79.52% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2021_PART_B_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 375502, page 54-55|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 October 2021}}</ref>

(*For language details see [[Bishunpur block#Language and religion]])

==Education==
S.S. High School Bishunpur is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1957. It has facilities for teaching from class VII to class XII. It has a playground and a library with 500 books.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/gumla/20160106104/ss-hs-bishunpur.html | title = SS HS Bishunpur | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 25 October 2021}}</ref>

[[Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya]] is a Hindi-medium girls only institution established in 2007. It has facilities for teaching from class VI to class XII. The school has a playground, a library with 328 books and has 9 computers for learning and teaching purposes.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/gumla/20160106105/kgbv-bishunpur.html | title = KGBV Bishunpur | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 25 October 2021}}</ref>

Project Girls High School is a Hindi-medium girls only institution established in 1981. It has facilities for teaching in classes IX and X. The school has a library with 252 books.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/gumla/20160106103/pro-girls-hs-bishunpur.html | title = PRO Girls HS Bishunpur | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 25 October 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{South Chotanagpur Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Gumla district]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Jharkhand-geo-stub}}

Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women

2026-01-25T03:55:27Z

KateCurmi92: Stub

{{short description|Medical College for women in Haryana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}
{{coord|29.1505202|76.8104364|display=title}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women
| other_name = BPS Government Medical College for Women, Sonepat
| image =
| type = [[Medical College]] and hospital
| established = {{Start date and age|2013}}
| director = Dr. J. C. Dureja
| address = [[Sonepat]], Haryana, India
| country = India
| colors =
| affiliations = [[Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.bpsgmckhanpur.ac.in/}}
}}
'''Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women''' is a [[public university|public]] women's [[medical school|medical college]] at Khanpur Kalan in the [[Gohana]] in [[Sonepat district]] of [[Haryana]] in India. It is the first women's Government Medical College of [[independent India]] and the first such institution in [[North India]] since Delhi's [[Lady Hardinge Medical College]] that was established in 1914. The college was inaugurated on [[International Women's Day]], 2013 by [[Sonia Gandhi]], congress party chief.<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|title=Sonia inaugurates first all-women medical college|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/sonia-inaugurates-first-allwomen-medical-college/article4490212.ece|access-date=9 March 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sonia Gandhi inaugurates Women Medical College in Haryana|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/HAR-congress-president-and-upa-chairperson-sonia-gandhi-inaugurates-medical-college--4202206-NOR.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207121732/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/HAR-congress-president-and-upa-chairperson-sonia-gandhi-inaugurates-medical-college--4202206-NOR.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 December 2014|access-date=9 March 2013|newspaper=Daily Bhaskar|date=9 March 2013}}</ref>

== History ==
In 2008, the [[Chief Minister of Haryana]], [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]] first announced the plan for establishing a women's medical college under the [[Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila Vishwavidyalaya|Bhagat Phool Singh Women's University]] at Khanpur Kalan<ref>{{cite news|title=Hooda promises medical college for women|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/28/stories/2008122855480700.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411035744/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/28/stories/2008122855480700.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2013|access-date=9 March 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=28 December 2008}}</ref> but got affiliation from [[Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences]] which was established in 2008 and became affiliating university of all Medical Colleges of [[Haryana]] state. On 1 March 2009, [[Sonia Gandhi]] laid the foundation stone of this college. The associated hospital of this college became operational in 2011 with 100 beds and a team of 21 doctors. This number has since grown to 450 beds and 211 doctors as of March 2013.<ref name="thehindu" />

==Campus==
The college is spread over 88 acres of land and was set up at a cost of {{INR}} 700 crores.<ref name="thehindu" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Haryana to get medical college for women|url=http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/haryana-to-get-medical-college-for-women/254/46898/|access-date=9 March 2013|newspaper=The Sunday Indian|date=5 March 2013|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603020524/http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/haryana-to-get-medical-college-for-women/254/46898/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Courses and Affiliation==
Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women undertakes the education and training of students in MBBS courses. The college is recognised by [[National Medical Commission]] and is affiliated with the [[Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Colleges, National Medical Commission|url=https://www.nmc.org.in/information-desk/for-students-to-study-in-india/list-of-college-teaching-mbbs/}}</ref> Like all other Indian medical colleges, student admission in this college happens on the basis of merit through [[National Eligibility and Entrance Test]].

==Notable alumni==
*[[Manushi Chhillar]] – winner of [[Miss World 2017]] pageant and actress.

==See also==

{{Portal|India}}
* [[List of medical colleges in India#Haryana|List of medical colleges in Haryana]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.bpsgmckhanpur.ac.in/ Official Website]

{{Universities in Haryana}}
{{Haryana}}

[[Category:Hospitals in Haryana]]
[[Category:Medical colleges in Haryana]]
[[Category:Teaching hospitals in India]]
[[Category:Sonipat district]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 2011]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2013]]

Remya Suresh

2026-01-24T23:29:40Z

KateCurmi92: Creating A Post W/ Sources

{{Short description|Indian film actress (born 1982)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Remya Suresh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|10|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kottayam]], [[Kerala]], India
| alma_mater = K.G. College of Nursing
| occupation = Actress
| yearsactive = 2018–present
| relatives =
| parents = {{ubl|Purushothaman Nair|Rajalakshmi}}
}}

'''Remya Suresh''' is an Indian actress who works in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film industry]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/1001-nunakal-trailer-promises-an-intriguing-drama-filled-with-emotions/articleshow/102563423.cms|title='1001 Nunakal' trailer promises an intriguing drama filled with emotions|newspaper=The Times of India |date=9 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/malayalam-actress-remya-suresh-breaks-down-files-complaint-against-morphed-content-1810466-2021-06-03|title=Malayalam actress Remya Suresh breaks down, files complaint against morphed content|website=India Today|date=3 June 2021 }}</ref> She made her debut in 2018 and gained recognition for her performance in ''[[Kuttanpillayude Sivarathri]]''<nowiki/>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/features/remya-suresh-actress-interview-padavettu-film-nivin-pauly-her-struggle-to-get-in-to-character-1.8005329|title=പടവെട്ടിലെ പുഷ്പ ആകാൻ വീട്ടിൽ പശുവിനെ മേടിച്ചു, തെങ്ങുകയറ്റം പഠിച്ചു; രമ്യ സുരേഷ് അഭിമുഖം|date=31 October 2022|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.doolnews.com/remya-suresh-talks-about-her-favorite-characters-64-123.html | title=ആ ക്യാരക്ടർ ചെയ്യണമെന്ന് ആഗ്രഹമുണ്ടായിരുന്നു; പൃഥ്വിരാജിന്റെ ഭാര്യയാകണോ എന്ന് പറഞ്ഞ് ട്രോളരുത്; രമ്യ സുരേഷ് }}</ref> Remya has since portrayed notable characters in several Malayalam films, including the critically acclaimed ''[[Njan Prakashan]]'' (2018), ''[[Paapam Cheyyathavar Kalleriyatte]]'' (2020), ''[[Yuvam]]'' (2021), [[Nizhal (film)|''Nizhal'']] (2021), ''[[Jan. E. Man]]'' (2021), and ''[[Archana 31 Not Out]]'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/actress-remya-suresh-about-controversial-comment-about-her-youtube-reviewer-akhil-marar-1.8407876|title='ദാരിദ്ര്യം പിടിച്ച നടി' എന്ന പരാമർശം വേദനിപ്പിച്ചിട്ടില്ല- രമ്യ|date=20 March 2023|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/remya-suresh-actress-padavettu-interview-rki4rp | title='പടവെട്ടി'ലെ പുഷ്പ; രമ്യ സുരേഷിന് ഇനിയും വേണം കാമ്പുള്ള വേഷങ്ങൾ }}</ref>

== Education ==
Remya Suresh earned a nursing degree from K.G. College of Nursing.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

She first gained public attention for her role as Raji Maami in the 2018 Malayalam film ''[[Kuttanpillayude Sivarathri]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/celebrity-news/actress-remya-suresh-about-her-movies/articleshow/95398863.cms|title=ആ രമ്യ സുരേഷ് ഞാനല്ല, കോസ്റ്റ്യൂമുമായി എനിക്ക് യാതൊരു ബന്ധവുമില്ല; സിനിമയ്ക്ക് വേണ്ടി നാട്ടില്‍ എത്തിയത് റിസ്ക്കായിരുന്നു - നടി രമ്യ സുരേഷ്|website=Samayam Malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/videos/interviews/actress-remya-suresh-interview-on-talkies-1.8951029|title=സൈബർ ആക്രമണങ്ങളാണ് എനിക്ക്‌ സിനിമാ മോഹം നൽകിയത്‌ - രമ്യ സുരേഷ്|date=1 October 2023|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/celebrity-news/actress-remya-suresh-s-live-goes-viral-on-social-media/articleshow/83164545.cms|title=ഒറ്റയടിക്ക് കണ്ടാൽ ഞാൻ ആണെന്നെ പറയൂ; പക്ഷേ സത്യം നിങ്ങൾ അറിയണം; പ്രചരിക്കുന്ന അശ്ലീല വീഡിയോക്ക് പിന്നിലെ യാഥാർഥ്യം; രമ്യ സുരേഷ് പറയുന്നു!|website=Samayam Malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2021/06/07/actress-remya-suresh-about-fake-video-and-case-detials.html|title=പെൺകുട്ടികളുടെ വ്യാജ നഗ്നവിഡിയോ വൻ വിലയ്‌ക്ക്; നടി രമ്യ പറയുന്നു: ആ ഗ്രൂപ്പാണ് പിന്നിൽ|website=www.manoramaonline.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/celebrity-news/akhil-marar-supports-actress-remya-suresh-viral-post/articleshow/97816802.cms|title=ഇവരെ കണ്ടാല്‍ ദാരിദ്ര്യം പിടിച്ച നടിയെന്ന് തോന്നുന്നുണ്ടോ? വിമർശനത്തിന് അഖിൽ മാരാരുടെ മറുപടി!|website=Samayam Malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/malayalam-actress-remya-suresh-s-morphed-porn-video-goes-viral-here-s-how-the-actress-reacted-read-details-syt-qu7tvi|title=Malayalam actress Remya Suresh's morphed porn video goes viral; here's how the actress reacted; Read details|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref><ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/malayalam/malayalam-actress-remya-suresh-breaks-down-while-talking-about-morphed-video-files-complaint-with-police-and-cyber-cell/videoshow/83214759.cms|title=Malayalam actress Remya Suresh breaks down while talking about morphed video, files complaint with police and cyber cell | Malayalam Movie News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Remya Suresh married Suresh S. Nair on 1 January 2004. The couple has two children: a son, Navaneeth, and a daughter, Nivedhya.

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}
*''All films are in [[Malayalam]], unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Remya Suresh film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2018 || ''[[Kuttanpillayude Sivarathri]]'' || Raji Maami ||Debut film ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''[[Njan Prakashan]]'' || Salomi's mother || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Paapam Cheyyathavar Kalleriyatte]]'' || Stella || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2021 || ''[[Yuvam]]'' || Ramani || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''[[Nizhal (film)|Nizhal]]'' || Bhanu || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''[[Jan. E. Man]]'' || Nancy|| ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| rowspan=7 | 2022 || ''[[Archana 31 Not Out]]'' || Vanaja || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''[[Malayankunju]]'' || Head Nurse || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''Sabaash Chandra Bose'' || Prameela || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''[[Visudha Mejo]]'' || Mejo's mother || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''[[Padavettu]]'' || Pushpa || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''[[Saudi Vellakka]]'' || Kala || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''[[1001 Nunakal]]'' || Indu || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2023 || ''[[Christopher (film)|Christopher]]'' || Annie's mother || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''[[Aalankam]]'' || Seethamma || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''[[Vellari Pattanam]]'' || Yashoda || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''[[Pachuvum Athbutha Vilakkum]]'' || Sulochana || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2024 || ''[[Aanandhapuram Diaries]]'' || Malini Mother || ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''[[Vayasethrayaayi? Muppathiee..!!]]'' || Sakhavu Vanaja|| ||<ref name=auto/>
|-
| ''Kunddala Puranam'' || Leela || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-28 |title=Kunddala Puranam Review: The Right Dose Of Feel-good That Can Be Enjoyed At Every Watch |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/kunddala-puranam-review-the-right-dose-of-feel-good-that-can-be-enjoyed-at-every-watch-review-111337815 |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vettaiyan]]'' || Saranya's mother || rowspan="2" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ||
|-
| rowspan=5 |2025 ||''[[Retro (film)|Retro]]'' || Lakshmi ||<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-31 |title=Suriya-Karthik Subbaraj's Retro clears censorship formalities |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/17/suriya-karthik-subbarajs-retro-clears-censorship-formalities |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Randam Yaamam'' || Naniyamma || ||<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 September 2025|title=കേന്ദ്ര കഥാപാത്രമായി സ്വാസിക; 7 മാസത്തിനിപ്പുറം ആ ചിത്രം ഒടിടിയിലേക്ക് |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/randaam-yaamam-movie-ott-release-date-announced-swasika-nemom-pushparaj-articleshow-gngligq |access-date=10 November 2025|website=Asianet News|language=ml}}</ref>
|-
| ''A Pan Indian Story'' || Beena || ||<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 October 2025|title=A Pan Indian Story out on OTT: Here's where to enjoy Dharmajan Bolgatty's acclaimed film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/a-pan-indian-story-out-on-ott-heres-where-to-enjoy-dharmajan-bolgattys-acclaimed-film/571d26fce9815 |access-date=10 November 2025|website=OTTPlay|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sarkeet]]'' || || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-03-31 |title=Asif Ali's Sarkeet gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Mar/31/asif-alis-sarkeet-gets-a-new-release-date |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sirai (2025 film)|Sirai]]'' || Abdul's mother || Tamil film ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-12-25 |title=Soori: Sirai is an honest film |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Dec/25/soori-sirai-is-an-honest-film |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Issues ==
{{Excessive citations|section|date=August 2024}}
Remya Suresh filed a complaint after a [[Deepfake pornography|deepfake pornographic]] video of her was leaked on social media.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://admin.tellychakkar.com/movie/movie-news/shocking-actress-breaks-down-over-morphed-video-files-complaint-210604|title=SHOCKING! This actress breaks down over morphed video; files complaint|website=admin.tellychakkar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2021/06/03/malayalam-actress-remya-suresh-morphed-pornographic-video.html|title=Malayalam actress Remya Suresh opens up about morphed pornographic video|website=The Week}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/malayalam-actor-remya-suresh-files-complaint-over-fake-video-150142|title=Malayalam actor Remya Suresh files complaint over fake video|first=T. N. M.|last=Staff|date=5 June 2021|website=The News Minute}}</ref> In an emotional Facebook post, she tearfully addressed the incident, stating that she had lodged a complaint with the Alappuzha Police and Cyber Cell. She wrote: "I am Remya Suresh. I have nothing to do with the video that is spreading on the internet. Legal action has been taken regarding the same video. Please don't spread it."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/malayalam-actor-remya-suresh-breaks-down-over-morphed-video-7342491/|title=Malayalam actor Remya Suresh breaks down over morphed video|date=3 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/malayalam-actress-remya-suresh-breaks-down-as-she-opens-up-about-her-morphed-pornographic-video-going-viral-1839866/|title=Malayalam actress Remya Suresh breaks down as she opens up about her morphed pornographic video going viral|date=3 June 2021|website=Bollywood Life}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/shestars/remya-suresh-viral-video-fake/|title=10 Things To Know About Malayalam Actor Remya Suresh's Morphed Video Controversy|first=Jessica|last=Vanlalfaki|website=www.shethepeople.tv}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|7881478}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suresh, Remya}}
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{India-film-actor-1980s-stub}}

Chakwali, Uttar Pradesh

2026-01-20T19:28:02Z

KateCurmi92: Creating biography - done

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2025}}
'''Chakwali''' is a [[village]] situated in [[Saharanpur district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state, [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=चकवाली की प्रधान लिख रहीं विकास की नई इबारत |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/chakwali-s-head-is-writing-a-new-chapter-of-development-saharanpur-news-mrt5902955185 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> The village is notable for its 'Bharat Sarovar' pond, which is built in the shape of a map of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharat Sarovar Saharanpur: भारत के नक्शे जैसा सरोवर… सहारनपुर का छोटा सा गांव बना देशभक्ति की बड़ी मिसाल! |url=https://www.gnttv.com/offbeat/story/lake-like-the-map-of-india-a-small-village-in-saharanpur-becomes-a-great-example-of-patriotism-1276000-2025-09-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Good News Today |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=भारद्वाज |first=अनिल |last2=UPTAK |date=2025-09-11 |title=मिलिए सहारनपुर के उस युवा से जो देश के नक्शे के आकार का बनवा रहा तालाब... कहानी 'भारत सरोवर' की |url=https://www.uptak.in/neighbouring-news/saharanpur/story/meet-the-youth-from-saharanpur-who-is-building-a-pond-in-the-shape-of-the-countrys-map-in-this-village-story-of-bharat-sarovar-3201215-2025-09-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=UP Tak |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-21 |title=भारत के नक्शे वाला तालाब, दूर-दूर से फोटो खिंचवाने आते हैं लोग, आप भी देखें तस्वीरें |url=https://hindi.cnbctv18.com/photos/business/pond-made-like-india-amazing-work-of-chakli-village-saharanpur-proud-moment-best-tourist-place-33136.htm |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=CNBC Awaaz |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-30 |title=भारत के नक्शे के रूप में बने तालाब को संवारेगा पर्यटन विभाग |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/story-tourism-department-to-develop-unique-map-shaped-pond-in-saharanpur-201743343904829.html |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-20 |title=देशभक्ति हो तो ऐसी... जिस जगह कभी जाने से डरते थे लोग, अब वहां है भारत के नक्शे का तालाब |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur-there-is-a-pond-of-the-map-of-india-in-rakhwali-village-of-saharanpur-5918237.html |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{coord|29|46|45|N|77|30|30|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city}}

[[Category:Villages in Saharanpur district]]

{{UttarPradesh-geo-stub}}

Kalyan Airstrip

2025-12-31T11:39:15Z

KateCurmi92:

{{Short description|Former airport of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Kalyan Airstrip
| nativename =
| nativename-a =
| nativename-r =
| ensign =
| image = Remains of NE-SW Runway of RAF Kalyan.png
| image-width =
| caption = Remains of the abandoned NE-SW Runway of RAF Kalyan as seen in May 2022.
| type = Defunct
| owner =
| operator = [[Royal Air Force]] (1942–1947)
| city-served = [[Mumbai Metropolitan Area]]
| location = [[Kalyan]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| built =
| used =
| elevation-f = 60
| elevation-m = 20
| coordinates = {{coord|19|10|27.8|N|073|08|10.8|E|region:IN_type:airport|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India
| pushpin_label = Kalyan
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
| website =
| r1-number = 08/26
| r1-length-f = 6000
| r1-length-m = 1830
| r1-surface = [[Concrete]]/[[Dirt]]
| r2-number = 03/21
| r2-length-f = 6000
| r2-length-m = 1830
| r2-surface = Concrete/Dirt
| stat-year =
| stat1-header =
| stat1-data =
| stat2-header =
| stat2-data =
}}

'''Kalyan Airstrip''' was located at Nevali village, {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of [[Kalyan]] railway station and {{convert|55|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport]].<ref>People, India Parliament House of the; Sabha, India Parliament Lok (August-2007). Lok Sabha Debates. Lok Sabha Secretariat. [https://books.google.com/books?id=s4Dcmi7gMZoC&q=%22Kalyan%22 p. 115]. Retrieved 10 September 2020.</ref> It was the primary landing ground for the nearby city of Bombay (now [[Mumbai]]) as early as 1920, much before the airfields of [[Juhu Aerodrome|Juhu]] and [[RAF Santa Cruz]] were established.[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1920/1920%20-%200152.html]

As a [[Royal Air Force]] station during [[World War II]] in [[British India]], the airfield served as '''RAF Kalyan''' from 1942 to 1947 and was abandoned after the war. It is owned by the Ministry of Defence but has been encroached upon.<ref>{{cite news|title=Protest against proposed airport turns violent near Kalyan, several policemen injured|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/several-policemen-injured-as-protest-turns-violent-near-kalyan/article19124434.ece|accessdate=4 May 2018|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 June 2017}}</ref>

Several Fighter Squadrons and support units were stationed at Kalyan from 1942 to 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafweb.org/Stations/Stations-K.htm#Kalyan |title=RAF Kalyan|publisher= www.rafweb.org |date=9 January 2011 |accessdate= 29 March 2013}}</ref> The field was abandoned after the war.

==History==
The airfield at Nevali was used by the RAF pilots during World War II to give operational cover to the Bombay region. The total area of the Nevali air base was over {{convert|1800|acre|km2}}. Post-Independence, ownership of the land was transferred to the Ministry of Defence. In June 2017, the Navy began constructing a boundary wall to protect the remaining land from further encroachment, since around 400 acres of the land was encroached upon over the years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/8821691_Farmers-stir-ag--st-building-wall-around-defence-land--12-cops |title=Farmers stir against building wall around defence land|publisher=PTI News |date=22 June 2017 |accessdate=4 May 2018}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Unit
!Dates
!Aircraft
|-
|[[No. 20 Squadron RAF]]
|1945–1946
|[[Supermarine Spitfire]], [[Hawker Tempest]]
|-
|[[No. 110 Squadron RAF]]
|March 1942
|[[Vultee A-31 Vengeance|Vultee Vengeance]], [[de Havilland Mosquito]]
|-
|No. 7110 Servicing Echelon
|30 Sep – 6 Oct 1944
|
|-
|No. 3 Mobile Parachute Servicing Unit
|1945 – Jan 1946
|
|-
|No 129 [[Staging post]]
|31 Jan – 7 Apr 1945
|
|}

==Proposal to use site for International Airport==
In October 2006 the Government of Maharashtra first proposed the Kalyan-Nevali site as a candidate for a second airport for the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]].<ref name="ET1">{{cite web |date=29 October 2006 |title=Maharashtra seeks approval for another airport |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/maharashtra-seeks-approval-for-another-airport/articleshow/214703.cms |access-date=20 May 2020 |publisher=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> However, the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]] was not very keen on the idea and wanted to focus on the second airport in Navi Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-state-seeks-an-airport-in-kalyan-1060976 |title=State seeks an airport in Kalyan |work=[[Daily News & Analysis]] |date= 29 October 2006 |access-date= 20 May 2020}}</ref> The Kalyan site was proposed because, compared to the Panvel site, the total area of the Nevali Airbase was over {{convert|1800|acre|km2}} relatively free of any natural obstacles and, unlike the Panvel site, there was no possibility of CRZ (Coastal Regulatory Zone) violations, flattening of mountains or diversion of any rivers. The Union Ministry of Environment and Forests had raised environmental objections on the proposed location of the [[Navi Mumbai International Airport]] near Kopra [[Panvel]] area, because the construction of the airport would involve reclamation of low-lying areas in an ecologically fragile zone as well as destruction of several hectares of mangroves. Hence the State Government proposed several alternate sites, one of which centred on a {{convert|1800|acre|km2}} piece of land owned by the Airports Authority of India near Kalyan<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_state-seeks-an-airport-in-kalyan_1060976] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820004215/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_state-seeks-an-airport-in-kalyan_1060976|date=20 August 2010}}</ref>

In August 2007, the national security advisor (NSA) had communicated to the state chief minister that the airport could not be developed on the 1,800 acres of defence ministry land due to safety and security reasons because a R&D laboratory of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) was being constructed in the adjacent area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/nsa-had-rejected-kalyan-site-for-mumbai-airport-in-2007-110082000099_1.html |title=NSA had rejected Kalyan site for Mumbai airport in 2007 | Business Standard News |publisher=Business-standard.com |date= |accessdate=2015-10-31}}</ref>
The proposal was also opposed by farmers in the Kalyan-Ambarnath belt who contended that the project would require more land than what was available with AAI, thus affecting around 22,000 farmers from 18 villages in the vicinity of the site.<ref>{{cite news|title=Farmers oppose Kalyan airport|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mumbai/farmers-oppose-kalyan-airport/article1-588755.aspx|accessdate=5 April 2014|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=19 August 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407102119/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mumbai/farmers-oppose-kalyan-airport/article1-588755.aspx|archivedate=7 April 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The state government dropped the idea of examining alternative sites in February 2014 as it had secured all necessary approvals for the Panvel site.<ref name="MINT">{{cite news |date=19 February 2014 |title=At least 12 foreign firms expected to bid for Navi Mumbai airport |url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/PotyBJzZjDRLYFzptqXEyK/At-least-12-foreign-firms-expected-to-bid-for-Navi-Mumbai-ai.html |accessdate=2 March 2014 |newspaper=Live Mint}}</ref>

==Current use==
[[File:RAF Kalyan and Kalyan Array.jpg|thumb|261x261px|Satellite image overlaid onto the historical locations of the Kalyan Airstrip (RAF Kalyan) and its two abandoned runways.]]

The site is located on Haji Malang Road at Nevali village, {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of [[Kalyan, India|Kalyan]] railway station and {{convert|55|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport]] at [[Sahar, Maharashtra|Sahar]] in [[Mumbai]]. It lies close to urban areas of the [[Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation]]. The nearest railway station is [[Kalyan Junction railway station]] on the Central Railway of the [[Central Line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Mumbai suburban railway network]].

The site can also be accessed from State Highway 2 (Kalyan-[[Murbad]]-[[Ahmednagar]] highway) and the [[National Highway 160 (India)|NH 160]] ([[Nashik]]-[[Thane]] national highway) which was earlier numbered [[National Highway 3 (India, old numbering)|NH 3]] before [[List of National Highways in India by highway number|renumbering]] of all national highways by [[National Highway Authority of India]] in 2010 year.

The two abandoned runways have been encroached upon by local population and now host dirt roads serving nearby villages. The southern end of the site now hosts a research and development laboratory of the [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] (BARC).<ref>{{cite news |author=Sanjay Jog |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/nsa-had-rejected-kalyan-site-for-mumbai-airport-in-2007-110082000099_1.html |title=NSA had rejected Kalyan site for Mumbai airport in 2007 |work=Business Standard News |date=20 January 2013 |accessdate=2015-10-31}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121103045441/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-10-29/india/27794348_1_maha-govt-gvk-sa-consortium-proposal Maha govt seeks approval for another airport this one in Kalyan]
*[http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dorab-r-sopariwala-no-way-to-build-an-airport/405107/ 2nd Airport for Mumbai and how not to build it by Dorab Sopariwala]

{{Royal Air Force}}
{{Airports in India}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:RAF Kalyan}}
[[Category:Royal Air Force stations in Asia|Kalyan]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force stations of World War II in Asia|Kalyan]]
[[Category:World War II airfields in India]]
[[Category:Airports in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Airports in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Defunct airports in India]]
[[Category:Kalyan-Dombivli]]
[[Category:1920s establishments in India]]
[[Category:Airports established in the 1920s]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

List of gotras

2025-12-29T23:28:56Z

KateCurmi92: updated

{{short description|List of lineages in Hinduism}}

In [[Hindu culture]], a [[gotra]] is equivalent to a [[Lineage (anthropology)|lineage]], akin to a family name, but the given name of a family is often different from its gotra, and may reflect the traditional occupation, place of residence or other important family characteristic rather than the lineage.

People belonging to a particular gotra may not be of the same caste (as there are many gotras which are part of different castes) in the [[Hindu]] social system. However, there is a notable exception among matrilineal [[Tulu language|Tulu]] speakers, for whom the lineages are the same across the castes.

People of the same gotra are generally not allowed to marry. At weddings, the gotras of the bride and the groom are read aloud to verify that they are not breaking this rule.

== Main Brahmin Gotras ==
A list of major Brahmin gotras according to the [[Sutra]]s:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brough |first=John |title=The Early Brahmanical System of Gotra and Pravara: A Translation of the Gotra-Pravara-Mañjarī of Puruṣottama-Paṇḍita |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1953 |pages=31–37}}</ref>{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Bhrgu|Bhr̥gu]] ([[Jamadagni]])
** [[Bhrgu|Bhārgava]]
** [[Chyavana|Cyāvana]]
** [[Aurva]]
** [[Jamadagni|Jāmadagnya]]
** [[Vatsa|Vātsa]]
* [[Bhrgu|Kevala Bhr̥gu]]
** [[Bhrgu|Bhārgava]]
** [[Divodasa|Daivodāsa]]
** [[Vena (Hindu king)|Vainya]]
** [[Prthu|Pārtha]]
** [[Shaunaka|Śaunaka]]
** [[Gritsamada|Gārtsamada]]
* [[Gautama Maharishi|Gautama]]
** [[Angiras|Āṅgirasa]]
** [[Gautama Maharishi|Gautama]]
** [[Kakshivat|Kākṣīvata]]
** [[Dirghatamas|Dairghatamasa]]
** [[Ushanas|Auśanasa]]
* [[Bharadvaja|Bharadvāja]]
** [[Angiras|Āṅgirasa]]
** [[Brihaspati|Bārhaspatya]]
** [[Bharadvaja|Bhāradvāja]]
** [[Garga (sage)|Gārgya]]
* [[Angiras|Kevala Aṅgiras]]
** [[Angiras|Āṅgirasa]]
** [[Ambarisha|Āmbarīṣa]]
** [[Mandhatri|Māndhātra]]
** [[Kutsa|Kautsa]]
** [[Kanva|Kāṇva]]
** [[Mudgala|Maudgalya]]
** [[Sankriti|Sāṁkr̥tya]]
** [[Shakti (sage)|Śāktya]]
* [[Atri]]
** [[Atreya|Ātreya]]
* [[Viśvāmitra]]
** [[Vishvamitra|Vaiśvāmitra]]
** [[Devarata|Daivarāta]]
** [[Madhuchhanda|Mādhucchandasa]]
** [[Kaushik|Kauśika]]
** [[Gādhi|Gāthina]]
** [[Indra|Aindra]]
* [[Kaśyapa]]
** [[Kashyapa|Kāśyapa]]
** [[Avatsara|Āvatsāra]]
** [[Asita|Āsita]]
** [[Shandilya|Śāṇḍila]]
** [[Devala|Daivala]]
* [[Vasiṣṭha]]
** [[Vasishtha|Vāsiṣṭha]]
** [[Mitra-Varuna|Maitrāvaruṇa]]
** [[Upamanyu|Aupamanyava]]
** [[Parashara|Pārāśarya]]
** [[Shakti (sage)|Śāktya]]
** [[Sankriti|Sāṁkr̥tya]]
* [[Agastya]]
** [[Agastya|Āgastya]]


{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gotras}}
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Gotras]]
[[Category:Kinship and descent]]
[[Category:Indian culture-related lists]]

Murugan Ashwin

2025-12-24T10:09:45Z

KateCurmi92: minor rework structure for clarity also and cleaned formatting for consistency

{{short description|Indian cricketer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Indian name|Ashwin|Murugan}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Murugan Ashwin
| image = M Ashwin.jpg
| caption = Ashwin during the [[2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy]]
| country = India
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|9|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| heightft =
| heightinch =
| heightm =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[leg break]]
| role = [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowler]]
| club1 = [[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
| year1 = 2012–2022
| club2 = [[Rising Pune Supergiant]]
| year2 = 2016
| club3 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| year3 = 2018
| club4 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| year4 = 2019–2021
| club5 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| year5 = 2022
| club6 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| year6 = 2023
| club7 = [[Chandigarh cricket team|Chandigarh]]
| year7 = 2023–2024
| year8 = 2025
| club8 = [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]

| columns = 3
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches1 = 7
| runs1 = 82
| bat avg1 = 16.40
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 27
| deliveries1 = 861
| wickets1 = 1
| bowl avg1 = 582.00
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 1/176
| catches/stumpings1 = 1/–
| column2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches2 = 29
| runs2 = 113
| bat avg2 = 9.41
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 25[[not out|*]]
| deliveries2 = 1,140
| wickets2 = 28
| bowl avg2 = 39.53
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 3/14
| catches/stumpings2 = 12/–
| column3 = [[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches3 = 105
| runs3 = 146
| bat avg3 = 7.30
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0
| top score3 = 34[[Not out|*]]
| deliveries3 = 2,163
| wickets3 = 101
| bowl avg3 = 26.01
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 3/8
| catches/stumpings3 = 31/–

| date = 23 May 2024
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/528067.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Murugan Ashwin''' (born 8 September 1990) is an Indian [[cricket]]er who plays for [[Chandigarh cricket team|Chandigarh]] having previously represented [[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/528067.html |title=Murugan Ashwin |access-date=22 December 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==Domestic career==
Ashwin made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut on 11 December 2015 in the [[2015–16 Vijay Hazare Trophy]].<ref name="ListA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/901943.html |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy, Group A: Mumbai v Tamil Nadu at Hyderabad, Dec 11, 2015 |access-date=22 December 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut on 2 January 2016 in the [[2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]].<ref name="T20">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/902091.html |title=Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, Group A: Haryana v Tamil Nadu at Nagpur, Jan 2, 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==Indian Premier League==
Ashwin was bought at the [[2016 Indian Premier League]] auction by the [[Rising Pune Supergiants]] for INR 4.5 crores from his base price of INR 10 lakhs.<ref name="IPL2016">{{Cite web |title=List of players sold and unsold at IPL auction 2016 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/list-of-players-sold-and-unsold-at-ipl-auction-2016-969473 |access-date=8 February 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In February 2017, in the 2017 IPL auction, Ashwin was bought by the [[Delhi Daredevils]] team for the [[2017 Indian Premier League]] for INR 1 crore.<ref name="IPL">{{cite web |title=List of players sold and unsold at IPL auction 2017 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/list-of-players-sold-and-unsold-at-ipl-auction-2017-1083407 |access-date=20 February 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In January 2018, Ashwin was bought by the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] in the [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2018 IPL auction]].<ref name="IPL2018">{{cite web |title=List of sold and unsold players |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2018-player-auction-list-of-sold-and-unsold-players-1134446 |access-date=27 January 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In December 2018, he was bought by the [[Kings XI Punjab]] for the base price of INR 20 lakh in the [[List of 2019 Indian Premier League personnel changes|player auction]] for the [[2019 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2019 auction: The list of sold and unsold players |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2019-auction-the-list-of-sold-and-unsold-players-1166896 |access-date=18 December 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-auction-2019-who-got-whom/articleshow/67144375.cms |title=IPL 2019 Auction: Who got whom |work=The Times of India |access-date=18 December 2018}}</ref>

In February 2022, he has been bought by the [[Mumbai Indians]] in the [[2022 Indian Premier League]] auction.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2022-auction-list-of-players-purchased-by-mumbai-indians-on-day-1-and-purse-left-101644673405400.html|title=IPL2022 Auction}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=528067}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashwin, Murugan}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Royal Challengers Bengaluru cricketers]]
[[Category:Rising Pune Supergiant cricketers]]
[[Category:India Red cricketers]]
[[Category:Punjab Kings cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Mumbai Indians cricketers]]
[[Category:Rajasthan Royals cricketers]]
[[Category:Chandigarh cricketers]]

C. V. Kunhiraman

2025-12-04T20:21:55Z

KateCurmi92: further expanded information per standard format further and updated info

{{short description|Indian journalist and social reformer (1871–1949)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = C. V. Kunhiraman
| image =
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1871|02|06|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mayyanad, Kollam, Kerala]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1949|04|10|1871|02|06|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| education =
| occupation = {{hlist|Social reformer|Journalist}}
| known_for = {{ubl|[[Kerala reformation movement]]|[[Kerala Kaumudi]]}}
| spouse = Kunjikkavu
| parents =
| children = 3, including [[K. Sukumaran (journalist)|K. Sukumaran]] (son)
| relatives = [[C. Kesavan]] (son-in-law)
| awards =
}}
{{Reformation in Kerala}}

'''C. V. Kunhiraman''' (6 February 1871{{snd}}10 April 1949) was an Indian social reformer, journalist and the founder of ''[[Kerala Kaumudi]]'' daily. A follower of [[Sree Narayana Guru]], Kunhiraman was the author of a number of books covering the genres of novels, short story, poetry, biographies and essays. He was one of the leaders involved in the [[Vaikom Satyagraha]] of [[Kerala reformation movement|Reformation movement in Kerala]] which led to the [[Temple Entry Proclamation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nastiknation.org/product/c-v-kunjuraman/|title=C V Kunjuraman – Nastik Nation}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Kunhiraman was born on 6 February 1871 at [[Mayyanad]] in [[Kollam district]] of the south Indian state of [[Kerala]] to Vasudevan of Njarakkal house, an astrologer and magician, and Kunjichali of Kallumpurathu house.<ref name="Leaders of Renaissance in Kerala - C V Kunhiraman">{{Cite web |url=https://www.keralapscgk.com/2017/11/kerala-psc-leaders-of-renaissance-in_70.html |title=Leaders of Renaissance in Kerala - C V Kunhiraman |last=Nair |first=Santhosh |date=2019-04-20 |website=keralapscgk.com |access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref> After early education at Mayyanad L. M. S. School, he joined the Government High School, Kollam but had to discontinue studies after 8th standard and started his career at the Forest department in 1893 as a clerk during which time he resumed his studies to pass the teachers' examination to become a teacher in 1894 at Vellamanal School, Mayyanad.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/CVKunhiraman/Html/CVKunhuramangraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-04-20 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref> He taught at a number of schools at Kollam, [[Kadakkavoor]], Kayikkara and [[Paravur, Kollam|Paravur]] before returning to Vellamanal school by which time he had passed the lawyers' examination and resigned from the school in 1913 to take up the career of a lawyer by practising at the Magistrate Court at Paravur. In between, he founded ''[[Kerala Kaumudi]]'' daily in 1911 and later, he shifted his base to Kollam, after quitting his career as a lawyer, resuscitated ''Kerala Kaumudi'' daily in 1920 with the assistance of his son, [[K. Sukumaran (journalist)|K. Sukumaran]].<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /> His early journalistic articles were published in ''Sujananadini'', run by [[:ml:പരവൂർ വി. കേശവനാശാൻ|Paravoor Kesavan Asan]], where he became a sub-editor in due course and wrote poems and articles, mostly on social affairs.<ref name="C. V. Kunhiraman on Veethi">{{Cite web |url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/c._v._kunhiraman-profile-5618-22.htm |title=C. V. Kunhiraman on Veethi |date=2019-04-20 |website=veethi.com |access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref>

Kunhiraman was married to Kunjikkavu<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /> and the couple had two sons, K. Sukumaran and K. Damodaran and a daughter, Vasanthi, who was married to [[C. Kesavan]], former chief minister of [[Travancore-Cochin]].<ref name="DEATH ANNIVERSARY OF EX-CM C KESAVAN OBSERVED">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ezhavainternational.com/2015/07/death-anniversary-of-ex-cm-c-kesavan.html |title=DEATH ANNIVERSARY OF EX-CM C KESAVAN OBSERVED |date=2019-04-21 |website=www.ezhavainternational.com |access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref> He died on 10 April 1949 at the age of 78.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

== Legacy ==
=== ''Kerala Kaumudi'' ===
To launch a newspaper of his own was his all-time dream. In 1911, Kunhiraman launched ''[[Kerala Kaumudi]]'' as a weekly newspaper. He was the proprietor, editor, printer, publisher and even the proofreader. Started in 1911, in Mayyanad, it had grown over the years as one of the most influential dailies in [[Malayalam]]<ref name="NATARAJAN1955">{{cite book|author=J. NATARAJAN|title=History of Indian Journalism|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofindianj00nata|year=1955|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|oclc=1046590747|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofindianj00nata/page/320 320]}} {{isbn|978-81-230-2638-1}}</ref> with nine editions from [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kollam]], [[Alappuzha]], [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Kottayam]], [[Kochi]], [[Thrissur]], [[Kozhikode]] and [[Kannur]].<ref name="Kerala Kaumudi Online - About Us">{{Cite web |url=https://www.keralakaumudi.com/news |title=Kerala Kaumudi Online - About Us |last=Online |first=Kerala Kaumudi |date=2019-04-21 |website=www.keralakaumudi.com |language=ml |access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref>

=== Other journalistic contributions ===
Kunhiraman was also the editor of ''[[Malayalarajyam]], Navajeevan, Kathamalika, [[Yukthivadi]], Navasakthi'' and ''[[Vivekodayam]]''. He had the rare distinction in [[Malayalam]] journalism being the founder of ''[[Kerala Kaumudi]]'' and founder editor of ''Malayalarajyam''. He had been on the editorial board of ''Malayalarajyam, Navajeevan, Navasakthi, [[Malayala Manorama]], [[Bhashaposhini]], Kathamalika, Vivekodayam'' and ''Yukthivadi''.<ref name="C.V. Kunhuraman (1871-1949)">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cvkunhuraman.com/Profile.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070908174940/http://www.cvkunhuraman.com/Profile.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-09-08 |title=C.V. Kunhuraman (1871-1949) |last=Sreevarahom Balakrishnan |date=2007-09-08 |access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref>

=== Literary contributions ===
Kunhiraman's oeuvre comprises 14 books, covering the genres of novel, short story, poetry, biography and other works including the condensed versions of ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and ''[[Ramayana]]'',<ref name="List of works">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/CVKunhiraman/Html/CVKunhiramanBooks.htm |title=List of works |date=2019-04-21 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref> of which ''Valmiki Ramayanam'', a prose rendering of the epic, was his first work to come out in print, in 1901, followed by ''Vyasabharatam'', ''Panchavadi'' and other works. This include four novels, a short story anthropology, a book of poetry and his reminiscences of [[Kumaran Asan]].<ref name="List of works" />

=== Social activities ===
Kunhiraman was a close associate of [[Narayana Guru]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cvkunhuraman.com/|title=Welcome to C.V. Kunhuraman.com|website=www.cvkunhuraman.com|access-date=2017-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703034652/http://www.cvkunhuraman.com/|archive-date=3 July 2007|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and an active participant in the intellectual and social activities of [[Sivagiri Mutt]].<ref name="Social Uplift">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sreenarayanaguru.in/book/export/html/586 |title=Social Uplift |website=www.sreenarayanaguru.in |access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref> He was one of the leaders of the [[Vaikom Satyagraha]], a social protest against [[untouchability]], centred around the [[Vaikom Temple|Shiva temple at Vaikom]] during 1924–25.<ref name="Perry">{{cite book|author=Richard Perry|title=At the turn of the tide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bu5DleCmksAC&pg=PA124|publisher=Lakshmi Raghunandan|pages=124–|id=GGKEY:A9UEU5JTT0P}}</ref> He continued to be a part of the agitation which resulted in the [[Temple Entry Proclamation]] of 1936.<ref name="Leaders of Renaissance in Kerala - C V Kunhiraman" /> He was a part of the [[Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam]] and served as its general secretary during 1928–29 and 1931–32.<ref name="Sree Narayana.com ... My Guru My Lord">{{Cite web |url=http://sreenarayana.com/Sndp_Yogam_General_Secretaries.html |title=Sree Narayana.com ... My Guru My Lord |website=sreenarayana.com |access-date=2019-04-21 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410140750/http://sreenarayana.com/Sndp_Yogam_General_Secretaries.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Raman2010">{{cite book|author=K. Ravi Raman|title=Development, Democracy and the State: Critiquing the Kerala Model of Development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CF2LAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT89|date=14 April 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-15005-1|pages=89–}}</ref> He started a school for low caste Hindus at Vellamanal, Mayyanad, Quilon and became its headmaster.<ref name="C. V. Kunhiraman on Veethi" /> He was also a member of the [[Sree Moolam Popular Assembly]].<ref name="Kunhiraman CV - Kerala Media Academy">{{Cite web |url=http://archive.keralamediaacademy.org/tags/kunhiraman-cv |title=Kunhiraman CV - Kerala Media Academy |date=2019-04-01 |website=archive.keralamediaacademy.org |access-date=2019-04-01 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401080946/http://archive.keralamediaacademy.org/tags/kunhiraman-cv |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Honours ==
C. V. Kunhiraman Foundation, an eponymous organisation which had [[O. N. V. Kurup]] as the founder chairman,<ref name="The Hindu : C. V. Kunhiraman foundation to be formed">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/2001/09/12/stories/0412404q.htm |website=[[The Hindu]] |title=C. V. Kunhiraman foundation to be formed |date=2001-09-12 |access-date=2019-04-20}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> has instituted an annual award, C. V. Kunhiraman Literary Award,<ref name="Changder">{{cite book|author=Mr Narayan Changder|title=One lakh current affairs MCQ's BOOK: GK and CA|date=January 2020|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MXiQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA307|publisher=Changder Outline|pages=307–|id=GGKEY:CU2J8JHRU5E}}</ref> to recognise excellence in [[Malayalam literature]],<ref name="Poet Sugathakumari bags CV Kunhiraman Literary Prize">{{Cite web |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/books/books-news/poet-sugathakumari-bags-cv-kunhiraman-literary-prize--1.3683279 |title=Poet Sugathakumari bags CV Kunhiraman Literary Prize |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en |access-date=2019-04-20 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420181204/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/books/books-news/poet-sugathakumari-bags-cv-kunhiraman-literary-prize--1.3683279 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[M. Sukumaran]], the writer,<ref name="M Sukumaran chosen for CV Kunhiraman Literary Prize">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/m-sukumaran-chosen-for-cv-kunhiraman-literary-prize-1458617052-1 |title=M Sukumaran chosen for CV Kunhiraman Literary Prize |date=2016-03-22 |website=Jagranjosh.com |access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref> and [[Sugathakumari]], the noted poet, feature among the recipients of the award which carries a purse of {{INR}} 10,001, a citation and a statuette designed by noted artist B. D. Dathan.<ref name="Honour for Sugathakumari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2019/mar/26/honour-for-sugathakumari-1955845.html |title=Honour for Sugathakumari |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* ''Oru Noottandinu Munpu'' (short stories)
* ''Shree karthikodayam'' (poetry)
* ''Panchavadi'' (novel)
* ''Ragaparinamam'' (novel)
* ''Sreekovil'' (novel)
* ''Somanathan'' (novel)
* ''Njan'' (memoirs)
* ''Asan Smaranakal'' (biography)
* ''Valmiki Ramayanam'' (condensed prose)
* ''Vysabharatham'' (condensed prose)
* ''Sree Narayana'' Smruthi (reminiscences)
* ''Thiruvithamkoor Ezhava Rashtriya Mahasabha Adhyaksha Prasangam'' (speech)
* ''Unniyarcha, Oru Pdanam'' (essay)
* ''Chekavar'' (essay)
* ''Radharani'' (Novel)
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* [[List of Malayalam-language authors by category]]
* [[List of Malayalam-language authors]]
* [[Ayyathan Gopalan]]
{{div col end}}
{{Portal|India|Literature}}

=== Other social reformers of Kerala ===

* [[Narayana Guru|Sree Narayana Guru]]
* [[Padmanabhan Palpu|Dr. Palpu]]
* [[Kumaran Asan|Kumaranasan]]
* [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Rao Sahib Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan]]
* [[Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi]]
* [[Vagbhatananda|Vaghbhatananda]]
* [[Mithavaadi Krishnan]]
* [[Moorkoth Kumaran]]

* [[Ayyankali]]
* [[Ayya Vaikundar]]
* [[Pandit Karuppan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703034652/http://www.cvkunhuraman.com/ C.V. Kunhuraman Foundation]
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/CVKunhiraman/Html/CVKunhiraman.htm |title=Portrait commissioned by Kerala Sahitya Akademi |date=2019-04-15 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-04-15}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/CVKunhiraman/Html/CVKunhuramanScript.htm |title=Handwriting |date=2019-04-15 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-04-15}}

{{Narayana Guru}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kunhiraman, C. V.}}
[[Category:Malayalam-language journalists]]
[[Category:1871 births]]
[[Category:1949 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Kollam]]
[[Category:Journalists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Narayana Guru]]
[[Category:Activists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kollam district]]

Samudrika Naval Marine Museum

2025-11-13T19:37:03Z

KateCurmi92: improve section also and cleaned formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox museum
| name = Samudrika Naval Marine Museum
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| alt =
| map_type =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| map_size =
| coordinates = {{coord|11.672|92.726|display=title,inline}}
| established =
| dissolved =
| location = [[Port Blair]], [[India]]
| type =
| collection =
| visitors =
| director =
| president =
| owner =
| curator = [[Indian Navy]]<ref name="PlanetBlasi2017">{{cite book|author1=Lonely Planet|author2=Abigail Blasi|author3=Michael Benanav, Lindsay Brown, Mark Elliott, Paul Harding, Anna Kaminski, Anirban Mahapatra, Bradley Mayhew, John Noble, Kevin Raub, Sarina Singh, Iain Stewart, Isabella Noble|title=Lonely Planet India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLU7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT2656|date=1 October 2017|publisher=Lonely Planet Global Limited|isbn=978-1-78701-199-1|pages=2656–}}</ref>
| publictransit =
| car_park =
| network =
| website =
}}
'''Samudrika Naval Marine Museum''' is a museum situated near the [[Andaman Teal House]] at [[Port Blair]] in [[India]], designed to create awareness on various aspects of the [[marine ecosystem|oceanic environment]].<ref name="Ghosh1998">{{cite book|author=G. K Ghosh|title=Tourism Perspective in Andaman and Nicobar Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s2f3FvQvcpUC&pg=PA130|year=1998|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-978-8|pages=130–}}</ref> The museum is maintained by the [[Indian Navy]].<ref name="PlanetNoble2017">{{cite book|author1=Lonely Planet|author2=Isabella Noble|author3=Paul Harding, Kevin Raub, Sarina Singh, Iain Stewart|title=Lonely Planet South India & Kerala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=psw6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1016|date=1 October 2017|publisher=Lonely Planet Global Limited|isbn=978-1-78701-239-4|pages=1016–}}</ref> The museum has five sections presenting history of Andaman Islands, geographical information, people of Andaman, archaeology, and marine life.<ref>[http://www.andamans.gov.in/html/portblair.html Samudrika (Naval Marine Museum)].andamans.gov.in</ref> It also houses a vast collection of cells, corals and a few species of colourful fishes of the sea around the islands.

==See also==

* [[National Maritime Heritage Complex]] (Lothal in Gujarat)
* [[Naval Aircraft Museum]] (Kolkata)
* [[Naval Aviation Museum (India)|Naval Aviation Museum]] (Goa)

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Naval museums in India]]
[[Category:Port Blair]]
[[Category:Indian Navy]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]

{I love Anisha}

Gopachal rock-cut Jain monuments

2025-09-16T16:03:35Z

KateCurmi92: Creating a page - done

{{Short description|Rock-cut Jain reliefs in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Gopachal Parvat Gopachal Rock-Cut Jain Monuments Gopachal Jain Colossi
| image = File:Gopachal (4).jpg
| alt = Tirthankar carving at GopachalParvat
| caption = Carving of a Tirthankar
| map_type = India Madhya Pradesh
| religious_affiliation = [[Jainism]]
| coordinates = {{coord|26|12|55.1|N|78|10|02.9|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Gwalior]]
| location = [[Gwalior Fort]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Tirthankara|Tīrthaṅkaras]]
| sect = [[Digambara]]
| architecture_style = [[Jainism]]
| established = 14th century (Kirti Singh Tomar)
| year_completed = 15th century (Dungar Singh Tomar)
| creator = [[Tomaras of Gwalior|Tomaras]]
| website =
}}

The '''Gopachal Rock-Cut Jain Monuments''', or '''Gopachal Jain Colossi''', also called '''Gop Parvat Jaina Monuments''', are a group of gigantic and large proportionate [[Jain]] [[Indian rock-cut architecture|rock-cut carvings]] dated to between the 14th and 15th centuries. They are located around the walls of the [[Gwalior Fort]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]. They depict [[Tirthankara]]s in seated [[Lotus position|Padmasana]] posture as well as standing [[Kayotsarga]] posture, in the typical naked form of Jain iconography.

The number of Jain rock shrines at Gwalior, with numerous monumental statues, is unmatched anywhere else. [[James Burgess (archaeologist)|James Burgess]] wrote: "In the 15th century, during the reign of the [[Tomaras of Gwalior|Tomar kings]], the Jains seem to have been seized with an uncontrollable impulse to convert the cliff that sustains the fort into a great shrine in honour of their religion, and in a few years excavated the most extensive series of Jaina caves known to exist anywhere."{{sfn|Burgess|2013|p=509}}

The Gopachal Jain Collosi is one of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]'s Adarsh Smarak Monument along with other monuments in the Gwalior Fort.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://asiconservationportal.nic.in/public-dashboard/rcps?page=45&sort=Regions.name&direction=asc | title=Adarsh Smarak Monument | publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] | access-date=19 July 2021 | archive-date=13 August 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813172747/http://asiconservationportal.nic.in/public-dashboard/rcps?page=45&sort=Regions.name&direction=asc | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Location==
[[File:GwaliorFortplan1901.jpg|thumb|Gwalior Fort plan 1901 showing locations of the five groups of monuments|left]]

The Gopachal rock-cut Jain monuments are located on the rock cliffs of the hill topped by the [[Gwalior Fort]], Madhya Pradesh. Gopgiri or Gop Parvat is the old designation of the [[Gwalior Fort]].

There are five clusters of monuments that surround the hill, as can be seen in the 1901 map.<ref>Ramjeet Jain, Gwalior Vaibhav Gopachal, 3rd edition, 2004.</ref><ref>T. V. G Sastri, The Jain sanctuaries of the fortress of Gwalior, Kunda Kunda Jñānapīṭha, 1997</ref>

* South-East Group: Popularly referred to as Ek Patthar Ki Bawadi group, the cluster is now termed the "Gopachal Siddha Kshetra" by the local Jain community.<ref>[https://www.bhaskar.com/mp/gwalior/news/mp-news-24-tirthankars-of-jain-society-on-the-same-rock-072608-4361333.html?sld_seq=1 एक ही चट्‌टान पर जैन समाज के 24 तीर्थंकर, Bhaskar News Network, Apr 17, 2019]</ref> The group includes 26 caves in a row spanning about half a mile. There are 13 inscriptions from 1468-1473 AD.{{sfn|Cunningham|1871|p=367}} The entrance to the site is close to the Dindayal City Mall.
* South-West Group: Now termed Trishalagiri.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} The group is the first one encountered when driving to the Urvai Gate, just outside the fortifications. There are the oldest Jain monuments in Gwalior from the post-Gupta period. Archaeologist L.B. Singh dates them to 6th to 8th cent AD.<ref>L. B. Singh, Puratattva, May 2005</ref>
* Urvahi group: In both sides of the road, just before entering the hilltop fort gate. These are the most visited since they are visible from the road itself. There are six inscriptions from 1440–1453.
* North-West group: Now termed Naminath Giri group after Lord Naminath. They are hard to access. There is an inscription of 1470. The group appears to have escaped the destruction by Babur, and thus the monumental image of Lord Naminath is in its pristine form.
* North-East group: Now termed Naimgir group after Lord Neminath.

[[Alexander Cunningham]] noted a Jain temple converted into a mosque just north of the Sas-Bahu temples in the fort containing a Jain inscription of AD 1108.{{sfn|Cunningham|1871|p=360}} Also within the fort there is an abandoned Jain temple which is now within the [[Scindia School]] playground and thus no longer accessible. Several large Jain sculptures are placed within the [[Teli ka Mandir]] compound.

The Gwalior city and the fort is connected to other Indian cities by major highways NH 44 and 46 (Asian Highway 43 and 47), a railway station and airport ([[IATA]]: GWL). It is located near other historic Hindu and Jain temples from the medieval era.{{sfn|Titze|Bruhn|1998|p=106}}<ref>[http://asibhopal.nic.in/monument/morena_padhavali_groupoftemplesatbatesar.html Group of temples at Batesar], ASI Bhopal Circle (2014)</ref><ref>[http://asibhopal.nic.in/monument/morena_naresar_temples1to22.html Naresar Temples], ASI Bhopal Circle (2014)</ref>

==History==
[[File:Gopachal - Parshvanatha.jpg|thumb|The cave temple housing {{convert|47|ft}} idol of Parshvanatha]]

The Gopachal rock-cut monuments are a part of nearly 100 Jain monuments found in and around the Gwalior city, but these are dated earlier than the [[Siddhachal Caves]] located about {{Convert|2|km}} north of these monuments. Both monuments were defaced and desecrated around 1527 when the Emperor [[Babur]] ordered their destruction.,{{sfn|Cunningham|1871|pp=364-370}}{{sfn|Titze|Bruhn|1998|pp=101-102}} Quote: "In 1527, the Urvahi Jinas were mutilated by the Mughal emperor Babar, a fact he records in his memoirs".{{sfn|Ring|Watson|Schellinger|2012|p=314}} Centuries later, the Jain community restored many of the statues by adding back stucco heads on the top of the damaged idols.{{sfn|Cunningham|1871|pp=364-370}}

The prolific [[Apabhramsha]] author [[Raidhu]] was responsible for consecrating many of the Jain rock carved images as attested by multiple inscriptions.{{sfn|Phyllis Granoff|2006|p=31}} These include the two colossal images of [[Rishabhanatha|Shri Adinatha]] (57 feet) and [[Chandraprabha|Shri Chandraprabhu]].{{sfn|Phyllis Granoff|2006|p=32}}

[[Qutb ud-Din Aibak]] captured the fort from [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty|Pratihara]] in 1196 and held it until his death in 1210. Altmash captured the fort in 1232 and built the fortifications at the Urvahi gate. The Tomars acquired control in 1394 and held it until 1517.

Mughal Emperor [[Babur]] conquered Gwalior in AD 1527. Babar ordered the destruction of the Jain statues, as he mentions in his memoirs. The heads of the statues at Urvahi gate and the Ek Patthat ki Bawadi were damaged. The Urvahi gate sculptures were repaired at some later time by the local Jains. The South-West Group and North West group sculptures survived because they were in inconspicuous and hard to reach places and the Mughals kept control until [[Muhammad Shah]]. [[Scindia]]s, took control in 1731. Shortly before that, Jain temples were constructed again in Gwalior city in 1704, including the Jain Golden Temple, Gwalior.<ref>[https://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-GWA-HMU-digambar-jain-golden-temple-in-gwalior-5099064-PHO.html देश का इकलौता जैन स्वर्ण मंदिर, इसकी दीवारों में जड़ा है करोड़ों का सोना, Dainik Bhaskar, Aug 31, 2015]</ref>

== Description ==
The Gopachal rock-cut monuments depict the Tirthankaras in seated or standing meditating positions. They are not as colossal as some of those found in the Siddhachal Caves, but they are big. The Gopachal monuments include standing and seated Shri [[Rishabhanatha]] (Adinatha), [[Neminatha]], [[Parshvanatha]] and Shri [[Mahavira]]svami.{{sfn|Cunningham|1871|pp=364-370}}<ref name=asifortjain>[http://asibhopal.nic.in/monument/gwalior_gwalior_gwaliorfort_more.html Gwalior Fort], Archaeological Survey of India, Bhopal Circle, India (2014)</ref>{{sfn|Titze|Bruhn|1998|p=106}}

The mulnayak of the complex is a {{convert|47|ft}} idol of Parshvanatha, the largest idol of Parshvanatha in lotus position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gwalior.nic.in/Tourism.html|title=Welcome to official website of District Administration Gwalior (M.P.) India|website=gwalior.nic.in|access-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207111541/http://gwalior.nic.in/Tourism.html|archive-date=7 December 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to Jains, Tirthankara Parshvanath delivered his discourse ([[deshna]]) on this hill.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Gopachal - Tirthankar statues.jpg|Jain Tirthankar statues, Ek Pathar ki Bavadi
File:Gopachal - Tirthankar statue (2).jpg|Seated in lotus position
File:Gopachal - Tirthankar statue (1).jpg|Seated in kayotsarga position
File:Damaged and restored Parshvanatha sculpture at Ek Pathar ki Bavadi (Gopachal Parvat), Gwalior Fort India.jpg|Parshvanatha
File:Jain Tirthankar statues (15698552263).jpg|Jain Tirthankar statues, Ek Pathar ki Bavadi
File:Babur visiting the Urvah valley in Gwalior 1.jpg|[[Babur]] visiting the Urvah valley in Gwalior, from an illustrated ''[[Baburnama]]'', showing the carvings
File:8th or 9th century ruined Teli ka Mandir Gwalior fort, Madhya Pradesh 01.jpg|Jain statues in [[Teli ka Mandir]] compound, [[Lala Deen Dayal]] in 1882
File:The Rock-cut Jain monuments of Gwalior (Urvai Group).jpg|Jain Tirthankar Statues
</gallery>

== Transport ==
The nearest airport is Gwalior.

==See also==
* [[Jain art]]
* [[List of colossal sculptures in situ]]
* [[Gwalior]]
* [[Siddhachal Caves]] [[Gwalior Fort]] Urwahi Valley/Gate area
*[[Raidhu]], the Gopachal Prathishacharya

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{cite book | last=Burgess | first=James | author-link=James Burgess (archaeologist) | title=The Cave Temples Of India | url={{Google books|bVXa9JyxOw4C|page=509|plain-url=true}} | series=Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | date=6 May 2013 | orig-date=1880 | isbn=9781108055529 }}
* {{cite book | last=Cunningham | first=Alexander | author-link=Alexander Cunningham | url={{Google books|3s4OAAAAQAAJ|page=PA360-IA2|plain-url=true}} | title=Four Reports Made During the Years: 1862-65 | volume=2 | publisher=Government Central Press | year=1871 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Phyllis Granoff |author-link=Phyllis Granoff |title=Mountains of Eternity: Raidhū and the Colossal Jinas of Gwalior |journal=Rivista di Studi Sudasiatici |volume=1 |year=2006 |publisher=Firenze University Press |url=http://fupress.net/index.php/rss/article/viewFile/2455/2290 |doi=10.13128/RISS-2455 |pages=31–50 |access-date=26 August 2022 |archive-date=22 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422145713/http://www.fupress.net/index.php/rss/article/viewFile/2455/2290 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite book | last1=Ring | first1=Trudy | last2=Watson | first2=Noelle | last3=Schellinger | first3=Paul | title=Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places|url={{Google books|voerPYsAB5wC|page=314|plain-url=true}} | year=2012 | publisher=[[Routledge]] | isbn=978-1-136-63979-1 }}
* {{cite book | last1=Titze | first1=Kurt | last2=Bruhn | first2=Klaus |title=Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-violence|url={{Google books|loQkEIf8z5wC|page=101|plain-url=true}} | year=1998 | publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] | location=[[New Delhi]] |isbn=978-81-208-1534-6}}

==External links==
* [https://kevinstandagephotography.wordpress.com/2019/03/25/the-rock-cut-jain-monuments-of-gwalior-introduction/ The Rock-cut Jain Monuments of Gwalior – Introduction, Kevin Standage, MARCH 25, 2019]
* [https://www.google.com/maps/@26.2144784,78.1673986,3a,75y,3.46h,89.15t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNNd54SXY5IY1BBCuprKAwCRcRpE3qLvcg1B4oX!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.auusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNNd54SXY5IY1BBCuprKAwCRcRpE3qLvcg1B4oX%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya253.71689-ro0-fo100!7i4608!8i2304 Gopachal Ek Patthar Ki Bavadi Streetview]
{{commons category|Gopachal}}

{{Jainism topics}}

{{Jain Caves in India}}

[[Category:Hills of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Gwalior]]
[[Category:7th-century Jain temples]]
[[Category:Jain temples in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Jain rock-cut architecture]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Gwalior]]
[[Category:Colossal Jain statues in India]]

Pushkar Lal Dangi

2025-08-18T06:18:23Z

KateCurmi92: Creating Initial Info First Draft

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pushkar Lal Dangi
| office = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Mavli Assembly constituency|Mavli]]
| birth_place = [[Mavli]], [[Udaipur district]], Rajasthan
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| predecessor = [[Dharmnarayan Joshi]]
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1966}}
| term_start = 2023
| prior_term = 1
| term = 2008–2013
}}

'''Pushkar Lal Dangi''' (born 1966)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pushkar Lal Dangi(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- MAVLI(UDAIPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Rajasthan2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=309 |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Rajasthan]]. He is a member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from Mavli Assembly constituency in [[Udaipur district]]. He won the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mavli Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Mavli Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly-election/mavli-constituency/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Dangi is from [[Mavli]], Udaipur district, Rajasthan. He is the son of Mangilal Dangi. He studied Class 10 and passed the examination in 1984 conducted by the Secondary Education Board of Rajasthan.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Dangi won from [[Mavli Assembly constituency]] representing the Indian National Congress in the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election. He polled 77,696 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Krishnagopal Paliwal of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 1,567 votes. In the [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]], he lost to Dharmnarayan Joshi of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and to [[Dalichand Dangi|Dali Chand Dangi]] in the [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rathore |first=Monika |last2=Bhati |first2=Harshita |last3=Goswami |first3=Shashank |date=2019 |title=Modelling Rajasthan Assembly Election: Sentimental Analysis of Rajasthan Political Twitter Data |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3363097 |journal=SSRN Electronic Journal |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3363097 |issn=1556-5068|url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=लाइव |first=एबीपी |date=2023-12-03 |title=Mavli Election Result 2023 Live: Inc के Pushkar Lal Dangi की हुई जीत, Ind के Dinesh Purohit रहें दूसरे नंबर पर |url=https://www.abplive.com/elections/mavli-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-bjp-congress-bsp-aap-rajasthan-assembly-election-results-news-2551211 |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pushkar Lal Dangi , Cong Election Results LIVE: Latest Updates On Pushkar Lal Dangi , Assembly Election Constituency Seat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/rajasthan/assembly-election-candidates-list-2023/pushkar-lal-dangi-20154-2 |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dangi, Pushkar Lal}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Udaipur district]]

Chitrakoot Dham

2025-06-21T02:52:35Z

KateCurmi92:

{{Short description|City in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{About|the municipality in [[Uttar Pradesh]]|other uses|Chitrakoot (disambiguation)}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chitrakoot Dham
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|photo1a = Government Polytechnic - Bargarh - Chitrakoot 2014-07-06 7257.JPG
|photo2a = Chitrakoot bathing ghats on the Mandakini River INDIA.jpg
|photo1b = 100 Bedded Hospital - Chitrakoot - Uttar Pradesh - 2014-07-04 5725.JPG
| spacing = 6
| position =
| color_border = Black
| color = white
| size = 280
| foot_montage = }}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Polytechnic college, Karwi, Ramghat at Chitrakoot (top); Hospital at Chitrakoot (bottom)
| nickname = City of many Hills
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|25.2|N|80.9|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chitrakoot district|Chitrakoot]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Municipal Council
| leader_title1 = Chairman
| leader_name1 = Narendra Gupta
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 137
| population_total = 66426
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = <nowiki>[[Hindi language|Hindi]]</nowiki>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 210205
| area_code_type = +915198
| area_code = +915198
| registration_plate = UP-96
| website = https://chitrakoot.nic.in/
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| leader_name = Anil Pradhan
| leader_title = MLA
| leader_party = Samajwadi Party
| elevation_max_m = 700
}}

'''Chitrakoot Dham''' is a city in the [[Chitrakoot district]], in the India state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is the headquarters of the Chitrakoot district. Situated in the [[Baghelkhand]] region, it holds great cultural, historical, religious and archaeological importance and it is said that [[Rama]], a major deity in Hinduism, spent 11 years of exile in Chitrakoot.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} It is connected to the town of [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh|Chitrakoot]], situated in the [[Satna district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUqk7TWF4wC Uttar Pradesh in Statistics]," Kripa Shankar, APH Publishing, 1987, ISBN 9788170240716</ref><ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC|date=23 April 2017}}," Sudha Pai (editor), Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Pearson Education India, 2007, ISBN 9788131707975</ref>

==Geography==
The city is bounded by Kaushambi in the north, Satna (M.P.) and Rewa (M.P.) in the south, Prayagraj and Banda in the east and west respectively. Chitrakoot Dham is situated on the bank of the Mandakini (Payaswini) river, with mountainous terrain.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

==Demographics==
As of the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]], Chitrakoot Dham had a population of 66,426, with 54% being male, and 46% female. The city has an average literacy rate of 67%, with male literacy at 75% and female literacy of 58%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801059-chitrakoot-dham.html|title=Chitrakoot Dham Population Census 2011 – 2020|website=census2011.co.in|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref>

==Educational institutes==
* Baijnath Bharadwaj Saraswati Vidya Mandir
* Chitrakoot Inter College (CIC)
* Gyan Bharti School
* [[Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University]], Sitapur
* Sanskrit College, Taronha<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Colleges/Universities {{!}} District Chitrakoot, An Official Website of District Chitrakoot {{!}} India |url=https://chitrakoot.nic.in/public-utility-category/colleges/ |access-date=2023-06-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Goshwami Tulshidas Government College, Bedi Pulia<ref name=":0" />
* Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya University
* Seth Moolchand Vidya Mandir
* St Thomas Sr. Sec. school

==Hospitals==
* District Hospital Chitrakoot<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hospitals {{!}} District Chitrakoot, An Official Website of District Chitrakoot {{!}} India |url=https://chitrakoot.nic.in/public-utility-category/hospitals/ |access-date=2023-06-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Transport==

=== Roads ===
The [[National Highway 35 (India)|National Highway 35]] (NH35) and National Highway 731A (NH731A) runs through Chitrakoot Dham Karwi. NH35 gives connectivity to [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]] and [[Jhansi district|Jhansi]]. NH731A gives connectivity to [[Kausambi]], Pratapgarah, and [[Raebareli]]. The [[Bundelkhand Expressway]] begins in the city, a 296 km long expressway, connected to the [[Agra–Lucknow Expressway]], which connects to Delhi.

=== Railways ===
[[Chitrakutdham Karwi railway station]] is part of the Manikpur–Jhansi/Kanpur main line, served by the North-Central division of Indian Railways. It to Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, [[Bhopal]], [[Raipur]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Kanpur]], [[Khajuraho]], [[Lucknow]], [[Durg]] and [[Varanasi]].

=== Airport ===
[[Chitrakoot Airport]] is the nearest airport to the city.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V10_306.gif ''Chitrakoot, Karwi tehsil'', The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 10, p. 300]

{{Chitrakoot district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Chitrakoot district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Uttar Pradesh]]

2014 Delhi Daredevils season

2025-06-13T23:39:31Z

KateCurmi92: New...

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club =[[Delhi Daredevils]]
| season =2014
| coach = [[Gary Kirsten]]
| captain = [[Kevin Pietersen]]
| ground = [[Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| comp1 = [[2014 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = 8th
| most runs = [[Jean Paul Duminy]] (410)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=8827;type=tournament|title=Indian Premier League, 2014/ Records / Most runs|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419092039/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=8827%3Btype%3Dtournament|archivedate=19 April 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| most wickets =[[Imran Tahir]] (9)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-t20-league-2014/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=8827;type=tournament|title=Indian Premier League, 2014/ Records / Most runs|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515015645/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-t20-league-2014/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=8827%3Btype%3Dtournament|archivedate=15 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| prevseason = [[Delhi Daredevils in 2013|2013]]
| nextseason = [[Delhi Daredevils in 2015|2015]]
}}

[[Delhi Daredevils]] (DD) are a franchise cricket team based in [[Delhi]], India, which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They were one of the eight teams that competed in the [[2014 Indian Premier League]]. They were captained by [[Kevin Pietersen]]. Delhi Daredevils finished eighth in the IPL and did not qualify for the Champions League T20.

==IPL==
===Standings===
Delhi Daredevils finished last in the league stage of IPL 2014.
{{2014 Indian Premier League Points table|team=DD}}

===Match log===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Date
!Opponent
!Venue
!Result
! class="unsortable" | Scorecard
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 1 || {{dts|1=2014|2=4|3=17|format=dmy}} || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah]] || Lost by 8 wickets|| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/729281.html Score Card]
|-style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 2 || {{dts|1=2014|2=4|3=19|format=dmy}} || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium|Dubai]] || Won by 4 wickets; MoM – [[JP Duminy]] 52* (35) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/729289.html Score Card ]
|-style="background:#fbb;"
| 3 || {{dts|1=2014|2=4|3=21|format=dmy}} || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium|Abu Dhabi]] || Lost by 93 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/729293.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 4 || {{dts|1=2014|2=4|3=25|format=dmy}} || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium|Dubai]] || Lost by 5 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/729301.html Score Card]
|-style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 5 || {{dts|1=2014|2=4|3=27|format=dmy}} || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah]] || Won by 6 wickets; MoM – [[Murali Vijay]] 40 (34) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/729309.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 6 || {{dts|1=2014|2=5|3=3|format=dmy}} || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|New Delhi]] || Lost by 7 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/733975.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 7 || {{dts|1=2014|2=5|3=5|format=dmy}} || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|New Delhi]] || Lost by 8 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/733981.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 8 || {{dts|1=2014|2=5|3=7|format=dmy}} || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|New Delhi]] || Lost by 8 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/733985.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 9 || {{dts|1=2014|2=5|3=10|format=dmy}} || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|New Delhi]] || Lost by 8 wickets (D/L method) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/733993.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 10 || {{dts|1=2014|2=5|3=13|format=dmy}} || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bengaluru]] || Lost by 16 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/734005.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 11 || {{dts|1=2014|2=5|3=15|format=dmy}} || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Ahmedabad]] || Lost by 63 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/734011.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 12 || {{dts|1=2014|2=5|3=19|format=dmy}} || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|New Delhi]] || Lost by 4 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/734019.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 13 || {{dts|1=2014|2=5|3=23|format=dmy}} || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]] || Lost by 16 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/734031.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 14 || {{dts|1=2014|2=5|3=25|format=dmy}} || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium|Mohali]] || Lost by 7 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/734039.html Score Card]
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Overall record: 2–12. Failed to advance.
|}

== Statistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Most runs
!Player
!Runs
|-
|[[JP Duminy]]
|410
|-
|[[Dinesh Karthik]]
|325
|-
|[[Kevin Pietersen]]
|294
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Most wickets
!Player
!Wickets
|-
|[[Imran Tahir]]
|9
|-
|[[Jaydev Unadkat]]
|9
|-
|[[Shahbaz Nadeem]]
|8
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Delhi Daredevils}}

[[Category:2014 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Delhi Capitals seasons]]