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Miss Grand India 2026

2026-05-04T15:50:58Z

Kanna chan: new.

{{short description|4th Miss Grand India pageant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox beauty pageant
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| date = 12 May 2026
| venue = [[Talkatora Stadium]], [[New Delhi]]
| presenters =
| entrants = 29
| placements =
| acts =
| broadcaster =
| debuts = {{hlist|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]|[[Andhra Pradesh]]|[[Chandigarh]]|[[Haryana]]|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]|[[Lakshadweep]]|[[Manipur]]|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]|[[Tamil Nadu]]|[[Uttarakhand]]}}
| withdrawals = {{ hlist|[[Indian Canadians|Indian Diaspora in Canada]]|[[Madhya Pradesh]]|[[Mizoram]]}}
| returns = {{hlist|[[Kerala]]|[[Meghalaya]]|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]}}
| winner = ''TBD''
| award1 label =
| award1 =
| award2 label =
| award2 =
| photogenic =
| congeniality =
| before = [[Miss Grand India 2025|2025]]
| next =
}}
'''Miss Grand India 2026''' will be the 4th edition of the [[Miss Grand India]] pageant, scheduled to be held on 12 May 2026 at [[Talkatora Stadium]], New Delhi.

Vishakha Kanwar of [[Rajasthan]] will crown her successor at the end of the event. The winner will represent India at the [[Miss Grand International 2026]] pageant, scheduled to be held in October 2026 in India.<ref name=mgi26host>{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniverso.com/entretenimiento/redes-sociales/india-sera-sede-del-miss-grand-international-2026-que-se-celebrara-en-octubre-nota/|title=India será sede del Miss Grand International 2026, que se celebrará en octubre|trans-title=India will host Miss Grand International 2026 in October|date=18 October 2025|language=es|publisher=El Universo|archivedate=18 October 2025|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20251018150725/https://www.eluniverso.com/entretenimiento/redes-sociales/india-sera-sede-del-miss-grand-international-2026-que-se-celebrara-en-octubre-nota/}}</ref><ref name=h26>{{cite web|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/634219/emma-tiglao-gives-ph-its-back-to-back-win-at-miss-grand-international-2025|title=Emma Tiglao gives PH a back-to-back win at Miss Grand International 2025|author=Armin P. Adina|date=18 October 2025|accessdate=19 October 2025|website=entertainment.inquirer.net|archive-url=https://archive.today/20251018185932/https://entertainment.inquirer.net/634219/emma-tiglao-gives-ph-its-back-to-back-win-at-miss-grand-international-2025|archive-date=2025-10-18}}</ref>

==Background==
===Location and date===
On 22 April 2026 the Miss Grand India Organization officially announced the final schedule.The organizers announced [[Talkatora Stadium]], New Delhi as the venue of pageant.The event will take place from 29 April to 12 May, with the Grand Final planned for 12 May 2026.

=== Schedule ===
On 22 April 2026, the Miss Grand India Organization announced their official activities during the competition, which are included:

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|+ Miss Grand India 2026: Schedule of Activities
|-
! Date !! Event
|-
| April 29 || Arrival Day
|-
| April 30 || Talent round
|-
| May 1 || Orientation & Sashing Ceremony
|-
| May 2 || Closed Door Interview
|-
| May 3 || Rehearsals
|-
| May 4 || Welcome Ceremony & Press Conference
|-
| May 5 || Swimsuit Competition
|-
| May 6 || NGO Visit
|-
| May 7 || Fashion Week
|-
| May 8 || Rehearsals
|-
| May 9 || Bollywood Theme Gala Night
|-
| May 10 || National Costume Competition
|-
| May 11 || Rehearsals
|-
| May 12 || Grand Final
|}

==Selection of contestants==
This year’s competition will follow a multi-tier selection process, beginning with state-level competitions conducted nationwide. Representative from each state and union territory are selected to advance to the national-level competition.

===Debuts and returns===
This edition marks the debuts of union territories [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Lakshadweep]] and [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], and the states[[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Haryana]], [[Manipur]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Uttarakhand]]. Additionally, this edition features the returns of [[Kerala]], [[Meghalaya]], and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] which all last competed in 2024.

===Withdrawals and replacements===
For this edition, there were no representative from [[Indian Canadians|Indian Diaspora in Canada]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Mizoram]].

On March 6, the state organization of Miss Grand Arunachal Pradesh announced on instagram that Geyir Gongo has resigned from her title due to personal reason and Yeshi Lhamu is appointed as new representative.<ref name=aru>{{cite web|url=https://arunkhabar.in/geyir-gongo-crowned-miss-grand-arunachal-2026/|title=Geyir Gongo crowned Miss Grand Arunachal 2026|work=The Arun Khabar|date=19 January 2026|access-date=26 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="Namgey Tsering congratulates Yeshi Lhamu on Miss Grand India Arunachal 2026 title">{{Cite news|date=7 March 2026|title=Namgey Tsering congratulates Yeshi Lhamu on Miss Grand India Arunachal 2026 title|url=https://arunkhabar.in/namgey-tsering-congratulates-yeshi-lhamu-on-miss-grand-india-arunachal-2026-title/|work=Arun Khabar|language=en|access-date=28 March 2026}}</ref>.Honli Konyak Miss Grand Nagaland 2026 resigned due to personal reason and replaced by Lovikali Swu.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mokokchungtimes.com/honli-a-konyak-crowned-miss-grand-nagaland-2026/ |title=Honli A. Konyak crowned Miss Grand Nagaland 2026 |website=Mokokchung Times |date=21 December 2025 |access-date=26 April 2026| language=en}}</ref>

Additionally Miss Grand Bihar 2026 Nidhi Singh, Miss Grand West Bengal 2026 Kodila Bagchi, Miss Grand Punjab 2026 Ashita Banarwal and Miss Grand Jammu and Kashmir 2026 Muskan Devi are replaced with Sherya Verma, Reshmi Deokota, Guramrit Kaur and Simran Randhawa respectively for unknown reasons.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bihar’s Nidhi Singh Crowned Miss Grand Bihar 2026, Set to Represent State on Miss Grand India 2026 National Stage|url=https://starentertainmentproduction.com/bihars-nidhi-singh-crowned-miss-grand-bihar-2026-set-to-represent-state-on-miss-grand-india-2026-national-stage/|website=Star Entertainment Production|access-date=23 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/beauty-pageant-miss-grand-west-bengal-2026-organised-in-kolkata-pbd-2554272.html
|title=বিউটি পেজেন্ট: কলকাতায় মিস গ্র্যান্ড ওয়েস্ট বেঙ্গল ২০২৬, বিজয়ী কোডিলা বাগচী
|trans-title=Beauty pageant: Miss Grand West Bengal 2026 held in Kolkata, winner Kodila Bagchi |website=News18 Bangla |language=bn |date=23 February 2026 |access-date=26 April 2026}}</ref>

==Contestants==
The following contestants have been confirmed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260426192029/https://mgi.starentertainmentproduction.com/voting/vote-for-your-favorite-finalist/ |title=Vote for your favorite finalist – Miss Grand India 2026 |website=Star Entertainment Production |access-date=26 April 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|+
! State/Territory

! Contestant
|-
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|{{sortname|Khushi|Dey|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{sortname|Divya|Varanasi|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite news|date=14 February 2026|title=Divya Varanasi crowned ‘Miss Grand Andhra Pradesh 2026|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/visakhapatnam/divya-varanasi-crowned-miss-grand-andhra-pradesh-2026-1048344|work=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=22 February 2026}}</ref>
|-
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|{{sortname|Yeshi|Lhamu|nolink=}}<ref name="Namgey Tsering congratulates Yeshi Lhamu on Miss Grand India Arunachal 2026 title"/>
|-
|[[Assam]]
|{{sortname|Mrigashree|Baruah|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite web |date=24 April 2026 |title=Assam's Mrigashree Baruah to shine on national stage at Miss Grand India 2026|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/assams-mrigashree-baruah-to-shine-on-national-stage-at-miss-grand-india-2026-14003981.html |publisher=Firstpost |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260502152746/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/assams-mrigashree-baruah-to-shine-on-national-stage-at-miss-grand-india-2026-14003981.html |archive-date=2 May 2026 |access-date=3 May 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bihar]]
|{{sortname|Shreya|Verma|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Chandigarh]]
|{{sortname|E.R.|Aishwarya|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|{{sortname|Praveena|Mandal|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Delhi]]
|{{sortname|Bhoomika|Lalwani|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite web |title=मिस ग्रैंड दिल्ली 2026 बनकर चमकी भूमिका लालवानी |trans-title=Bhoomika Lalwani shines as Miss Grand Delhi 2026 |url=https://lokpathlive.com/bhumika-lalwani-crowned-miss-grand-delhi-2026-set-to-represent-capital-at-nationals/ |website=Lokpath Live |language=hi |access-date=26 April 2026}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Gujarat]]
|{{sortname|Zahabiya|Daginawala|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Haryana]]
|{{sortname|Gopika|Saji|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|{{sortname|Simran|Randhawa|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Jharkhand]]
|{{sortname|Neha|Kisku|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite news |title=नेहा किस्कू बनी मिस ग्रैंड झारखंड-2026|url=https://azadsipahi.in/02/2026/neha-kisku-became-miss-grand-jharkhand-2026.html|work=Azad Sipahi|date=15 February 2026|language=hi|access-date=25 February 2026}}</ref>
|-
|[[Karnataka]]
|{{sortname|Chalana|Agnihotri|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Kerala]]
|{{sortname|K.S.|Aswini|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite news|date=29 January 2026|url=https://www.muvattupuzhanews.in/miss-grand-kerala-2026-ks-ashwani-a-student-of-annur-dental-college-muvattupuzha-won-the-crown/ |title=മിസ് ഗ്രാന്റ് കേരള 2026| trans-title=Miss Grand Kerala 2026 |website = www.muvattupuzhanews.in|access-date=29 January 2026|language = ml}}</ref>
|-
|[[Lakshadweep]]
|{{sortname|Ann Shiya|Aneesh|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]
|{{sortname|Nishita|Tahilramani|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Manipur]]
|{{sortname|Babina|Thokchom|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite web|date=2 February 2026|title=Babina Thokchom crowned first-ever Miss Grand Manipur 2026|url=https://www.thenortheastpost.com/2026/02/babina-thokchom-crowned-first-ever-miss.html|work=www.thenortheastpost.com|access-date=4 February 2026|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Meghalaya]]
|{{sortname|Tanvi|Marak|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Nagaland]]
|{{sortname|Lovikali|Swu|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Puducherry Union Territory|Puducherry]]
|{{sortname|Shamaritha|Sugumar|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite news
|title=மிஸ் கிராண்ட் புதுச்சேரி-2026 பட்டம் பெற்ற சமரித்தா முதல்வர் ரங்கசாமி வாழ்த்து
|trans-title=Chief Minister Rangasamy congratulates Samaritha, who was crowned Miss Grand Puducherry 2026|url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news/puducherry/chief-minister-rangasamy-congratulates-samaritha-who-was-crowned-miss-grand-puducherry-2026/4148632|work=Dinamalar|date=12 February 2026|language=ta|access-date=23 February 2026}}</ref>
|-
|[[Punjab state|Punjab]]
|{{sortname|Guramrit|Kaur|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite web |date=21 March 2026 |title=चंडीगढ़: गुरअमृत कौर रायपुरी बनीं मिस ग्रैंड पंजाब |trans-title=Chandigarh: Guramrit Kaur Raypuri became Miss Grand Punjab |url=https://newsam.in/chandigarh-gur-amrit-kaur-raypuri-became-miss-grand/ |website=NewsAm |language=hi |access-date=26 April 2026 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Rajasthan]]
|{{sortname|Meenakshi|Chhapola|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hindi |first=Sangri Today |date=2026-04-18 |title=जयपुर की मीनाक्षी छापोला बनीं मिस ग्रांड राजस्थान 2026, अब मिस ग्रांड इंडिया में करेंगी प्रदेश का प्रतिनिधित्व |url=https://hindi.sangritoday.com/lifestyle/meenakshi-chhapola-miss-grand-rajasthan-2026-miss-grand-india |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Sangri Today Hindi |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sikkim]]
|{{sortname|Sneha|Tamang|nolink=1}}<ref name=sik>{{cite web |date=22 January 2026 |author=Nirmal Mangar |title=Sneha Tamang Crowned Miss Grand Sikkim 2026, Set to Represent State at National Level |url=https://www.thesikkimchronicle.com/sneha-tamang-crowned-miss-grand-sikkim-2026-set-to-represent-state-at-national-level/ |access-date=26 January 2026 |work=www.thesikkimchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|{{sortname|Lakshitha|Thilagaraj|nolink=1}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 March 2026|title=லட்சிதா திலகராஜ் – மிஸ் கிராண்ட் தமிழ்நாடு 2026 பட்டம் வென்றார்|trans-title=Lakshita Thilagaraj wins the Miss Grand Tamil Nadu 2026 title|url=https://jananaayakan.com/lakshita-thilagaraj-miss-grand-tamil-nadu-2026/|work=Jananaayakan|language=ta|access-date=28 March 2026}}</ref>
|-
|[[Telangana]]
|{{sortname|Sapna|Chaubey|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Tripura]]
| {{sortname|Hritwika|Majumder|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=Tripura girl Hritwika Majumder advances as Miss Grand India 2026 finalist |url=https://tripuratribune.in/tribunenews/tripura-girl-hritwika-majumder-advances-as-miss-grand-india-2026-finalist-2195.html |website=Tripura Tribune |access-date=26 April 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|{{sortname|Saanjh|Khurana|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|{{sortname|Manisha|Singh|nolink=1}}
|-
|[[West Bengal]]
|{{sortname|Reshmi|Deokota|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite web |date=24 April 2026 |title=মিস গ্র্যান্ড ইন্ডিয়া ২০২৬-এর মঞ্চে বাংলার গর্ব রেশমি দেওকোটা
|trans-title=Reshmi Deokota, the pride of Bengal on the stage of Miss Grand India 2026|url=https://www.purbottar.in/west-bengal-beauty-reshmi-deokota-eyes-national-crown-at-miss-grand-india-2026/
|website=Purbottar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260501162211/https://www.purbottar.in/west-bengal-beauty-reshmi-deokota-eyes-national-crown-at-miss-grand-india-2026/ |archive-date=1 May 2026 |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=bn}}</ref>
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Portal bar|India}}
{{Miss Grand International titleholders}}
{{Navboxes|
| title = [[Miss Grand International]] participating countries and territories
| list =
{{Miss Grand national pageants in Africa}}
{{Miss Grand national pageants in Asia and Oceania}}
{{Miss Grand national pageants in Europe}}
{{Miss Grand national pageants in North America}}
{{Miss Grand national pageants in South America}}
}}

[[Category:Miss Grand India]]
[[Category:2026 beauty pageants|Grand India]]
[[Category:2026 in India]]

Aizawl North 2 Assembly constituency

2026-05-02T09:47:41Z

Kanna chan: started initial pg needs work

{{Short description|Constituency of the Mizoram legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Aizawl North 2
| type = SLA
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Mizoram (Aizawl North 2 highlighted).png
| constituency_no = 11
| state = [[Mizoram]]
| district = [[Aizawl district|Aizawl]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mizoram Lok Sabha constituency|Mizoram]]
| established = 1987
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Vanlalthlana]]
| party = [[Zoram People's Movement|ZPM]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:20524}}
}}
'''Aizawl North 2''' is one of the 40 [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Mizoram]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Assembly Elections December 2013 Results |work=ECI |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=http://eciresults.ap.nic.in |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215221429/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ |archivedate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=elections.in>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/mizoram/assembly-constituencies|title=Mizoram Assembly Constituency List|publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref>

It is part of [[Aizawl district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1987 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| [[Laldenga]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Mizo National Front}}
|-
|[[1989 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[H. Thansanga]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1993 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan=2|[[F. Malsawma]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Mizo National Front|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1998 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
|[[2003 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| rowspan=2|[[H. Liansailova]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2008 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
|[[2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| [[Lalthanliana]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Mizoram People's Conference}}
|-
|[[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|rowspan=2|[[Vanlalthlana]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Zoram People's Movement|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
===2023===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Aizawl North 2}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Vanlalthlana|Dr. Vanlalthlana]]
|party = Zoram People's Movement
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vanlalsawma
|party = Mizo National Front
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = R. Lalrinmawia
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Aizawl North 2<ref>{{cite web|title=Mizoram Legislative Election 2018- Statistical Report|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9687-mizoram-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Vanlalthlana]]
|party = Zoram People's Movement
|votes = 7775
|percentage = 42.93
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Laltlanzova Khiangte
|party = Mizo National Front
|votes = 5974
|percentage = 32.98
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[H. Liansailova]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 4106
|percentage = 22.67
|change = {{decrease}}16.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Lalhrilzeli Hlawndo
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 98
|percentage = 0.54
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = C. Lalnunziri
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 69
|percentage = 0.38
|change = {{increase}}0.02
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Rochungnunga
|party = PRISM
|votes = 39
|percentage = 0.22
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 51
|percentage = 0.28
|change = {{decrease}}0.46
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1801
|percentage = 9.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 18112
|percentage = 80.01
|change = {{decrease}}0.10
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Zoram People's Movement
|loser = Mizoram People's Conference
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Aizawl North 2<ref name=Miz2013>{{cite web |url= http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm |title= Assembly Elections December 2013 Results |publisher= Election Commission of India |access-date= 8 October 2021 |archive-date= 15 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131215065208/http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Lalthanliana]]
|party = Mizoram People's Conference
|votes = 6875
|percentage = 41.53
|change = {{increase}}6.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[H. Liansailova]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 6564
|percentage = 39.65
|change = {{increase}}3.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Lalchhanhima Pautu
|party = Zoram Nationalist Party
|votes = 2931
|percentage = 17.71
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = C. Lalnunziri
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 60
|percentage = 0.36
|change = {{decrease}}0.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 123
|percentage = 0.74
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 311
|percentage = 1.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 16553
|percentage = 80.11
|change = {{decrease}}0.09
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Mizoram People's Conference
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2008===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2008 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Aizawl North 2<ref name="eci">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3666-mizoram-2008/ |title=Mizoram 2008 - Mizoram - Election Commission of India |date= |author= |accessdate= 8 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[H. Liansailova]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 5207
|percentage = 36.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Lalthanliana]]
|party = Mizoram People's Conference
|votes = 4941
|percentage = 34.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Lalchamliana
|party = Mizo National Front
|votes = 3944
|percentage = 27.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = C. Lalnunziri
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 87
|percentage = 0.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Gabriel Lalruathlua
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|votes = 80
|percentage = 0.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 266
|percentage = 1.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 14259
|percentage = 80.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Mizoram}}

{{coord|23.738|92.728|display=title}}

[[Category:Aizawl district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Aizawl]]
[[Category:Politics of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1987]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Mizoram]]

Belur Gopalkrishna

2026-04-28T15:09:42Z

Kanna chan: started new pg initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Belur Gopalkrishna''' (born 1964) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is a three time [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Sagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Sagar Assembly constituency]] in [[Shimoga district]] representing [[Indian National Congress]]. He won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gopala Krishna Beluru in Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/karnataka/gopala-krishna-beluru-sagar-candidate-s10a117c009/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

He was Appointed as chairman for Karnataka State Forest Industries Corporation on 26 January 2024.<ref name="Karnataka: 34 MLAs made chiefs of boards, Shanti Nagar MLA gets BDA">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=27 January 2024 |title=Karnataka: 34 MLAs made chiefs of boards, Shanti Nagar MLA gets BDA |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2024/Jan/27/karnataka-34-mlas-made-chiefs-of-boards-shanti-nagar-mla-gets-bda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120155042/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2024/Jan/27/karnataka-34-mlas-made-chiefs-of-boards-shanti-nagar-mla-gets-bda |archive-date=20 January 2025 |access-date=20 January 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Gopalkrishna is from [[Sagara, Karnataka|Sagar]]. His father Keriyappa is a farmer. He completed his Pre University Course in 1982 at the Government PU College, Sagar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gopala Krishna Beluru(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- SAGAR(SHIMOGA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=8255 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> He is the nephew of [[Kagodu Thimmappa]].

== Career ==
Gopalkrishna won from [[Sagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Sagar Assembly constituency]] representing [[Indian National Congress]] in the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election. He polled 88,988 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Hartalu Halappa]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] by a margin of 16,022 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sagar (karnataka) Elections Results 2014, Current MLA, Candidate List |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/sagar.html |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Elections in India}}</ref> He has hopped parties in the past but managed to get the Congress nomination from Sagar Assembly constituency for the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]], despite opposition from the local Congress cadre, who demanded the nomination of former minister [[Kagodu Thimmappa]]'s daughter Raja Nandini.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-26 |title=Karnataka assembly elections: Embarrassment for Kagodu Thimmappa as Sagar ticket given to Gopalakrishna Belur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/karnataka-assembly-elections-embarrassment-for-kagodu-thimmappa-as-sagar-ticket-given-to-gopalakrishna-belur/articleshow/99003832.cms |access-date=2024-08-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2004, he followed his mentor S. Bagarappa and joined Bharatiya Janata Party. He first won as an MLA representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] winning the [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] defeating three time MLA and his uncle, Kagodu Thimmappa of Indian National Congress, by a margin of 15,173 votes. Later, he stayed back in BJP when Bangarappa left the party and retained the Sagar Assembly constituency for Bharatiya Janata Party in the [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] as he polled 57,706 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Kagodu Thimmappa]] of [[Indian National Congress]], by a narrow margin of 2,845 votes.<ref name="Friends or relatives, election makes no difference">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Friends or relatives, election makes no difference |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2013/Apr/30/friends-or-relatives-election-makes-no-difference-472848.html |access-date=11 April 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=30 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411141508/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2013/Apr/30/friends-or-relatives-election-makes-no-difference-472848.html |archive-date=11 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

He was denied congress ticket in 2013 Elections later joined [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] and unsuccessfully contested on JD(S) ticket.<ref name="Denied tickets by BJP & Congress, leaders join JD(S)">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Denied tickets by BJP & Congress, leaders join JD(S) |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2013/Apr/13/denied-tickets-by-bjp--congress-leaders-join-jds-467486.html |access-date=11 April 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=13 April 2013 |language=en}}</ref> He joined [[Indian National Congress]] in 2018.<ref name="Bengaluru: Former MLA Belur Gopalakrishna joins Congress, says BJP's promises 'bogus'">{{cite news |title=Bengaluru: Former MLA Belur Gopalakrishna joins Congress, says BJP's promises 'bogus' |url=https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=506254 |access-date=11 April 2025 |work= |publisher=Daiji World |date=2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411141947/https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=506254 |archive-date=11 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gopalkrishna, Belur}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Shimoga district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]

Saraipali Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:21:09Z

Kanna chan: started!

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Saraipali
| mla = [[Chaturi Nand]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mahasamund (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahasamund]]
| established = 2003
| reservation = SC
| electors = {{formatnum:205107}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| constituency_no = 39
| map_image = Saraipali Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Saraipali''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceoMap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|[[Ravishankar Shukla]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Jaideo Gadadhar
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Rajmahendra Bahadur Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|J. Satpathi
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|V. B. Singh
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="2" |Mohanlal Ramprasad
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Pukhraj Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Narasingh Pradhan
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Mohanlal Choudhary
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<ref name=election1998>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3737-madhya-pradesh-1998/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|Devendra Bahadur Singh
|-
! colspan=4|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3882-chhattisgarh-2003/ |title=State Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate= 31 December 2021}}</ref>
|Trilochan Patel
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3883-chhattisgarh-2008/ |title=State Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate= 31 December 2021}}</ref>
|Haridas Bharadwaj
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3884-chhattisgarh-2013/ |title=State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate= 31 December 2021}}</ref>
|Ramlal Chouhan
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018" />
|Kismat Lal Nand
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name="election2023"/>
|[[Chaturi Nand]]
|}

== Election results ==
===2023===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Saraipali<ref name="election2023"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Chaturi Nand]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 100,503
|percentage = 59.57
|change = -3.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sarla Kosaria|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=58,615|percentage=34.74|change=+4.42}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kismat Lal Nand|party=Janta Congress Chhattisgarh|votes=2,747|percentage=1.63|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jay Narayan Kishor|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,694|percentage=1.00|change=-0.17}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=1,559|percentage=0.92|change=-1.15}}
{{Election box majority|votes=41,888|percentage=24.83|change=-8.19}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=168,706|percentage=82.25|change=-0.79}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Saraipali<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=Statistical data of General Election to Chhatisgarh Assembly - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kismat Lal Nand
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 100,302
|percentage = 63.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shyam Tandi
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 48,014
|percentage = 30.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Chhabilal Ratre
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,849
|percentage = 1.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 3,270
|percentage = 2.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 52,288
|percentage = 33.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 158,348
|percentage = 83.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Mahasamund district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|21.32|83.02|display=title}}

[[Category:Mahasamund district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2003]]

Sembanarkoil Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:52:03Z

Kanna chan: started

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| established = 1967
| district = [[Mayiladuthurai district|Mayiladuthurai]]
| loksabha_cons =
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| mla = Sampath T. V.
| name = Sembanarkoil
| electors= 81,142
| reservation = None
| abolished= 1971
}}
'''Sembanarkoil''' is a [[Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu|state assembly]] constituency in [[Mayiladuthurai district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It existed from 1967 to 1971.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
|style="text-align: center;" colspan="4"|'''Madras State'''
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]||Sampath T. V. || {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]||S. Ganesan|| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.28}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|65.29}}
}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Sembanarkoil<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Sampath T. V. |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=33,937 |percentage=56.28% |change=-9.01% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sambandam K. R. |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,447 |percentage=32.25% |change=-2.46% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Muthusamy V. K. |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=6,914 |percentage=11.47% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,490 |percentage=24.03% |change=-6.55% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=60,298 |percentage=77.51% |change= -5.86% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,142 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -9.01% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Sembanarkoil<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=S. Ganesan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=40,453 |percentage=65.29% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Ramalingam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,506 |percentage=34.71% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,947 |percentage=30.58% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=61,959 |percentage=83.37% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,750 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coords|11.11|79.74|display=title}}

[[Category:Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1971]]
[[Category:1971 disestablishments in India]]

{{Mayiladuthurai-geo-stub}}
{{India-constituency-stub}}

Vikarabad Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T02:14:48Z

Kanna chan: started!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Vikarabad
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (55-Vikarabad highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Vikarabad Assembly constituency within Telangana
| state = [[Telangana]]
| mla = [[Gaddam Prasad Kumar]]
| established = 1951
| district = [[Vikarabad District|Vikarabad]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chevella Lok Sabha constituency|Chevella]]
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image = Gaddam Prasad Kumar.jpg
| electors = 1,95,906
| party = {{party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| latest_election_year = 2023
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 55
}}
'''Vikarabad Assembly constituency''' is constituency of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], in India. It is one of four constituencies in the [[Vikarabad district]]. It is part of [[Chevella Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

[[Gaddam Prasad Kumar]] of [[Indian National Congress]] the seat in the 2023 assembly election.

==Mandals==
The assembly constituency comprises the following mandals:
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Vikarabad]]
|-
| [[Marpalle]]
|-
| [[Mominpet]]
|-
| [[Dharur, Ranga Reddy|Dharur]]
|-
| [[Bantwaram]]
|-
|Kotpalli
|-
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
===Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[Marri Chenna Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|rowspan =2|A. Ramaswamy
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan=2|VB. THIRUMALAIAH
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| VB.THIRUMALAIAH
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan =5|A. Chandra Shekar<ref name="BJP leader and five-time MLA resigns, all set to join Congress">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |title=BJP leader and five-time MLA resigns, all set to join Congress |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/bjp-leader-and-five-time-mla-resigns-all-set-to-join-congress/article67190391.ece |access-date=13 August 2023 |date=13 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813143923/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/bjp-leader-and-five-time-mla-resigns-all-set-to-join-congress/article67190391.ece |archive-date=13 August 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Gaddam Prasad Kumar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

===Telangana Legislative Assembly===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| B. Sanjeeva Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| Anand Methuku
|-
|[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Gaddam Prasad Kumar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
===2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Vikarabad}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Gaddam Prasad Kumar]]|votes=86,885|percentage=49.85|change={{increase}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi
| candidate =Anand Methuku
| votes = 73,992
| percentage =42.46
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate=Peddinti Naveen Kumar
|votes=7132
|percentage=4.09
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=None of the above
|candidate=[[None of the Above]]
|votes=1,412
|percentage=0.81|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=12,893|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,74,282|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharat Rashtra Samithi
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Vikarabad<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9691-telangana-general-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Telangana General Legislative Election 2018 - Statistical Report |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 20 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate =Anand Methuku
| votes = 60,574
| percentage = 39.40
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Gaddam Prasad Kumar]]
| votes = 57,581
| percentage = 37.46
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = All India Forward Bloc
| candidate = Agam Chandra Sekhar
| votes = 24,282
| percentage = 15.80
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Forward Bloc
| candidate = Pendyala Ananthaiah
| votes = 3,247
| percentage = 2.11
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Raipally Sai Krishna
| votes = 1,988
| percentage = 1.29
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = [[None of the Above]]
| votes = 1,531
| percentage = 1.00
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 2,993
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,53,722
| percentage = 74.18
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Vikarabad<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4055-andhra-pradesh-2014/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate =B.Sanjeeva Rao
| votes =64,592
| percentage =47.2%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Gaddam Prasad Kumar]]
| votes = 54,520
| percentage = 39.8%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Vadla Ramulu
| votes = 6,513
| percentage = 4.8%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate =Pushpa Leela Kondru
| votes =6,335
| percentage =4.6%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 10,072
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,37,901
| percentage = 70.4%
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Vikarabad]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}
{{coord|17.34|77.90|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Ranga Reddy district]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

13th Andhra Pradesh Assembly

2026-03-30T16:10:38Z

Kanna chan:

{{Short description|13th lower house of the andhra Pradesh Legislature (2009–2014)}}
{{Multiple issues|{{more citations needed|date=June 2022}}{{more footnotes needed|date=June 2022}}}}

{{Infobox legislative term
| name = 13th Legislative Assembly of the Andhra Pradesh
| before = [[12th Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|12th Legislative Assembly]]
| after = [[14th Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|14th Legislative Assembly]]
| image = Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Assembly Building [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| body = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislature]]
| election = [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]
| government = [[Second Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry]] [[Konijeti Rosaiah Ministry]] [[Kiran Kumar Reddy ministry]]
| opposition = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| term_start = 3 June 2009
| term_end = 28 April 2014
| website = 
| chamber2 = Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
| chamber2_image = [[File:Andhra 13th Assembly Seats.svg|350px]]
| chamber2_image_size = 350px
| chamber2_alt =
| membership2 = 294
| control2 = [[Indian National Congress]]
| chamber2_leader1_type = Speaker
| chamber2_leader1 = [[Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
[[Nadendla Manohar]]
| chamber2_leader2_type = Leader of the House ([[List of Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]])
| chamber2_leader2 = [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]] [[Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
| chamber2_leader4_type = Leader of the Opposition
| chamber2_leader4 = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| chamber1 = [[Governor (India)|Nominal Executive]]
| chamber1_leader1_type = [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor]]
| chamber1_leader1 = [[N. D. Tiwari]]
| chamber1_alt =
| membership1 =
| control1 =
}}

{{Politics of India}}
The '''thirteen Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh''' was formed by the members elected in the [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=AP elections result 2014: All you need know about Andhra Pradesh Lok Sabha and Assembly polls |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/article/ap-elections-result-2014-all-you-need-know-about-andhra-pradesh-lok-sabha-and-assembly-polls/397280 |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=www.timesnownews.com |language=en}}</ref> Election to [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] took place in single phase on 7 May 2014 by the [[Election Commission of India]]. Counting started officially on the morning of 16 May 2009 and the results were declared on the same day.

==Members==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Designation !! Name
|-
| [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor]]|| [[N. D. Tiwari]]
|-
| Speaker ||[[Nadendla Manohar]]
|-
| Deputy Speaker || [[Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka]] 
|-
| Leader of the House (Chief Minister of State)||[[Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
|-
| Leader of the Opposition || [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
|-
| Secretary - AP Legislature ||
|}

=== Party-wise distribution of seats ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Party wise distribution as of 2009
! colspan=2| Party !! Abbr. !! Seats !! Leader in Assembly
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" | || align=left|[[Indian National Congress]] || align=left|INC || 156 || [[Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" | || align=left|[[Telugu Desam Party]] || align=left|TDP || 92 || [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Praja Rajyam Party}}| | || align=left| [[Praja Rajyam Party]] || align=left|PRAP || 18 || [[Chiranjeevi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}" | || align=left|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] || align=left|TRS || 10 || [[Etela Rajender]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}" | || align=left|Others || align=left|Oth || 8 ||
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}" | || align=left|[[Communist Party of India]] || align=left|CPI || 4 ||
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}" | || align=left|[[Independent politician]] || align=left|IND || 3 ||
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || align=left|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || align=left|BJP || 2 ||
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" | || align=left|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] || align=left|CPM || 1 ||
|-
| colspan="3" | '''TOTAL''' || 294 ||{{dash}}
|-
|}

== See also==

* [[Andhra Pradesh Legislature]]
{{portal|India}}

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://eci.gov.in/ Official website] of the [[Election Commission of India]]

{{Andhra Pradesh Legislature}}
{{Andhra Pradesh elections}}

[[Category:2010s in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Terms of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2009–2014| ]]

Surrey, British Columbia

2026-03-29T17:36:38Z

Kanna chan: minor cleanup

{{Short description|City in Canada}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=April 2012}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Surrey
| official_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Surrey Central (2025).jpg
| photo2a = Cresbeach-groyne.jpg
| photo2b = Holland Park, Surrey BC.jpg
| photo3a = Surrey City Hall (22248765831).jpg
| photo3b = Newton Town Ctr 72 Avenue.jpg
| spacing = 1
| size = 250
| color = white
| color_border = white
| foot_montage = From top, left to right: [[Surrey City Centre]] skyline, [[Crescent Beach, British Columbia|Crescent Beach]], Holland Park, Surrey City Hall, [[Newton Town Centre]]
}}
| image_flag = Flag of Surrey BC.svg
| image_shield = Surrey-COA.png
| image_blank_emblem = City of Surrey logo.png
| blank_emblem_type = Logo
| nickname = City of Parks
| motto = {{force singular}} {{lang|la|Progressio per diversitatem}} "Progress through diversity"<ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Surrey [Civil Institution] |date=November 12, 2020 |url=https://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=1679&ShowAll=1 |accessdate=February 19, 2021 |archive-date=November 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119191714/https://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=1679&ShowAll=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| image_map = Surrey in Metro Vancouver.svg
| mapsize =
| map_caption = Location of Surrey in Metro Vancouver
| coordinates = {{coord|49|11|24|N|122|50|56|W|region:CA-BC|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Canada
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_type2 = [[Regional district]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[British Columbia]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Metro Vancouver Regional District|Metro Vancouver]]
| established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]<ref name="surreyhistory">{{Cite web |title=The Development of Surrey |url=https://surreyhistory.ca/development.html |access-date=August 23, 2022 |website=surreyhistory.ca |archive-date=April 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401234608/https://www.surreyhistory.ca/development.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| established_date = November 10, 1879 (municipality status)
| established_title1 =  
| established_date1 = September 11, 1993 (city status)
| named_for = [[Surrey]]
| seat = Surrey City Hall
| government_footnotes = <ref name="citycouncil" /><ref name="surrey_connect">{{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Lauren |date=January 7, 2020 |title=Hundial and Locke's new slate looks to 'Connect' with Surrey residents |url=https://www.surreynowleader.com/news/hundial-and-lockes-new-slate-looks-to-connect-with-surrey-residents/ |access-date=April 30, 2020 |website=Surrey Now-Leader |archive-date=March 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315072857/https://www.surreynowleader.com/news/hundial-and-lockes-new-slate-looks-to-connect-with-surrey-residents/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| government_type = [[Mayor-council government]]
| governing_body = [[Surrey City Council]]
| leader_party = Surrey Connect
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = [[Brenda Locke]]
| area_footnotes = <ref name="2021census">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Data table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Surrey, City (CY) [Census subdivision], British Columbia |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Surrey&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915004&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=February 10, 2022 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |archive-date=February 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209140305/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=surrey&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915004&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| area_land_km2 = 316.11
| area_rank = 3rd in British Columbia
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_min_m = 0
| elevation_max_m = 134
| population_total = 568322
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2021census" />
| population_density_km2 = 1797.9
| population_est = 700459
| pop_est_as_of = 2024
| pop_est_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |last=Services |first=Ministry of Citizens' |title=Population Estimates - Province of British Columbia |url=https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/population-estimates |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=www2.gov.bc.ca |archive-date=2024-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703194926/https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/population-estimates |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_rank = {{plainlist|
* [[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population|11th in Canada]]
* [[List of cities in British Columbia|2nd in British Columbia]]
* 2nd in Metro Vancouver
}}
| population_demonym = Surreyite<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demonyms—From coast to coast to coast |url=http://www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca/bien-well/fra-eng/vocabulaire-vocabulary/demonyms-eng.html |website=Language Portal of Canada |publisher=Government of Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319144340/http://www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca/bien-well/fra-eng/vocabulaire-vocabulary/demonyms-eng.html |archive-date=March 19, 2012 |access-date=February 5, 2023}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]]
| utc_offset = −08:00
| timezone_DST = [[Pacific Time Zone|PDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = −07:00
| postal_code_type = [[Canadian postal code#Forward sortation areas|Forward sortation area]]
| postal_code = [[List of V postal codes of Canada|V3R–V3X, V3Z–V4A, V4N–V4P]]
| area_code = [[Area code 604|604]], [[Area codes 778, 236, and 672|778, 236, 672]]
| area_code_type = [[Area codes]]
| website = {{URL|https://surrey.ca}}
| leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list
| title = List of MLAs

| [[Garry Begg]] ([[British Columbia New Democratic Party|NDP]])
[[Surrey-Guildford]]
| [[Jagrup Brar]] (NDP)
[[Surrey-Fleetwood]]
| [[Brent Chapman]] ([[Conservative Party of British Columbia|BCC]])
[[Surrey South]]
| [[Mandeep Dhaliwal]] (BCC) 
[[Surrey North (provincial electoral district)|Surrey North]]
| [[Trevor Halford]] (BCC)
[[Surrey-White Rock]]
| [[Linda Hepner]] (BCC)
[[Surrey-Serpentine River]]
| [[Amna Shah]] (NDP)
[[Surrey City Centre]]
| [[Elenore Sturko]] (BCC)
[[Surrey-Cloverdale]]
| [[Jessie Sunner]] (NDP)
[[Surrey-Newton (provincial electoral district)|Surrey-Newton]]

| [[Bryan Tepper]] (BCC)
[[Surrey-Panorama]]

}}
| leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list
| title = List of MPs
| [[Sukh Dhaliwal]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]])
[[Surrey Newton (federal electoral district)|Surrey Newton]]
| [[Tamara Jansen]] ([[Conservative Party of Canada|CPC]])
[[Cloverdale—Langley City]]
| [[Ernie Klassen]] (LPC)
[[South Surrey—White Rock]]
| [[Jill McKnight]] (LPC)
[[Delta (federal electoral district)|Delta]]
| [[Gurbux Saini]] (LPC)
[[Fleetwood—Port Kells]]
| [[Randeep Sarai]] (LPC)
[[Surrey Centre]]
| [[Tako van Popta]] (CPC)
[[Langley Township—Fraser Heights]]
}}
| leader_name4 = {{Collapsible list
| title = List of trustees
| Terry Allen (Surrey First Education)
| Bob Holmes (Surrey First Education)
| Laurie Larsen (Surrey First Education)
| Laurae McNally (independent – represents City of White Rock)
| Garry Thind (Surrey First Education)
| Gary Tymoschuk (Surrey First Education)
| Shawn Wilson (Surrey First Education)
}}
| leader_title2 = [[Legislative Assembly of British Columbia|MLAs]]
| leader_title3 = [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|MPs]]
| leader_title4 = [[Surrey School Board]]
}}

'''Surrey''' is a city in [[British Columbia]], Canada. It is located south of the [[Fraser River]] on the [[Canada–United States border]]. It is a member municipality of the [[Metro Vancouver]] regional district and metropolitan area. Mainly a suburban city, Surrey is the province's second-largest by population after [[Vancouver]] and the third-largest by area after [[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford]] and [[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]]. Seven neighbourhoods in Surrey are designated [[town centre]]s: [[Cloverdale, Surrey|Cloverdale]], [[Fleetwood, Surrey|Fleetwood]], [[Guildford, British Columbia|Guildford]], [[Newton, Surrey|Newton]], [[South Surrey]], and City Centre encompassed by [[Whalley, Surrey|Whalley]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surrey Communities |url=https://www.surrey.ca/community/6798.aspx |access-date=February 1, 2019 |archive-date=January 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082934/https://www.surrey.ca/community/6798.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==

Surrey was incorporated in 1879 and sits upon the lands of a number of Indigenous nations, namely the [[Katzie]] and the [[Kwantlen First Nation|Kwantlen]] (who speak [[Halkomelem]]) and the [[Semiahmoo people|Semiahmoo]] (who speak the [[North Straits Salish language]], similar to the [[Saanich people]]).<ref name="City of Surrey 2019 h652">{{cite web | title=History of Surrey, BC | website=City of Surrey | date=December 11, 2019 | url=https://www.surrey.ca/about-surrey/history-of-surrey | access-date=August 15, 2023 | archive-date=August 15, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815175029/https://www.surrey.ca/about-surrey/history-of-surrey | url-status=live }}</ref> When Englishman H.J. Brewer looked across the [[Fraser River]] from [[New Westminster]] and saw it was reminiscent of his native [[County of Surrey]] in England, the settlement of Surrey was placed on the map.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.surreynowleader.com/news/whats-in-a-name/ |title=What's in a name? |date=November 20, 2013 |website=Surrey Now-Leader |accessdate=December 28, 2021 |archive-date=December 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203075721/https://www.surreynowleader.com/news/whats-in-a-name/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The area then comprised forests of [[Douglas fir]], [[fir]], [[Thuja plicata|red cedar]], [[tsuga|hemlock]], [[blackberry]] bushes, and [[cranberry]] bogs. A portion of present-day Whalley (named after Harry Whalley, who owned and operated a gas bar at the bend in King George Blvd, (formerly King George Highway) at 108 Avenue, "Whalley's Corner") was used as a burial ground by the [[Kwantlen First Nation|Kwantlen]] (or Qw'ontl'en) Nation.

Settlers arrived first in Cloverdale and parts of South Surrey, mostly to farm, fish, harvest oysters, or set up small stores. Once the [[Pattullo Bridge]] was erected in 1937, the way was open for Surrey to expand. In the post-war 1950s, North Surrey's neighbourhoods filled with single-family homes and Surrey (not yet a city) became a bedroom community, absorbing commuters who worked in Burnaby or Vancouver.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the city witnessed unprecedented growth, as people from different parts of Canada and the world, particularly Asia, began to make the municipality their home. In 2013, it was projected to surpass the city of Vancouver as the most populous city in BC within the following 10 to 12 years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Jill |date=June 18, 2013 |title=Surrey's population projected to surpass Vancouver's |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/653206/surreys-population-projected-to-surpass-vancouvers/ |access-date=September 29, 2015 |website=Global News |archive-date=October 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017001357/http://globalnews.ca/news/653206/surreys-population-projected-to-surpass-vancouvers/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:King George Hub District, Surrey 2018.jpg|thumb|left|Whalley City Centre]]
The city is characterized by low population density [[urban sprawl]], typical of North American cities, which includes areas of residential housing, light industry and commercial centres and is prone to strip development and malls. Approximately {{convert|6091|acre|ha|order=flip}} or 27 percent of the land area is designated as part of the [[Agricultural Land Reserve]] and can only be used for farming.<ref>{{Cite web |title=B.C. Fraser Valley Farm Start-up Guide |url=https://investsurrey.ca/sites/default/files/docs/bc_fraser_valley_farm_start-up_guide.pdf |access-date=December 4, 2020 |publisher=City of Surrey |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222184655/https://investsurrey.ca/sites/default/files/docs/bc_fraser_valley_farm_start-up_guide.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The city is mostly hills and flatland, with most of the flatland in Tynehead, Hazelmere, the south of Cloverdale, and Colebrook.
{{Clear left}}

=== Climate ===
Surrey has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Cfb]]) typical of the inter-coastal [[Pacific Northwest]]: rainy, wet winters, often with heavy rainfall lasting into early spring. Winters are chilly but not frigid, summers are mild and sunny, and autumns are cool and cloudy.

{{Weather box
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Surrey (1981–2010)
| source = [[Environment Canada]]<ref name="climate">{{Cite web |title=Surrey Newton, British Columbia |url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=surrey&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=876&dispBack=0 |access-date=February 17, 2015 |website=Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 |archive-date=June 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629034709/https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=surrey&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=876&dispBack=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| Jan record high C = 15.5
| Feb record high C = 19.4
| Mar record high C = 25.0
| Apr record high C = 29.0
| May record high C = 34.5
| Jun record high C = 33.3
| Jul record high C = 35.0
| Aug record high C = 34.5
| Sep record high C = 34.5
| Oct record high C = 29.0
| Nov record high C = 21.0
| Dec record high C = 16.7
| year record high C = 35.0
| Jan high C = 6.7
| Feb high C = 8.7
| Mar high C = 11.7
| Apr high C = 14.6
| May high C = 17.9
| Jun high C = 20.4
| Jul high C = 23.1
| Aug high C = 23.6
| Sep high C = 20.9
| Oct high C = 14.5
| Nov high C = 8.7
| Dec high C = 6.1
| year high C = 14.7
| Jan mean C = 3.8
| Feb mean C = 5.1
| Mar mean C = 7.5
| Apr mean C = 10.0
| May mean C = 13.0
| Jun mean C = 15.6
| Jul mean C = 17.9
| Aug mean C = 18.2
| Sep mean C = 15.5
| Oct mean C = 10.4
| Nov mean C = 5.9
| Dec mean C = 3.4
| year mean C = 10.5
| Jan low C = 0.9
| Feb low C = 1.4
| Mar low C = 3.3
| Apr low C = 5.3
| May low C = 8.0
| Jun low C = 10.8
| Jul low C = 12.5
| Aug low C = 12.7
| Sep low C = 10.0
| Oct low C = 6.3
| Nov low C = 3.1
| Dec low C = 0.6
| year low C = 6.2
| Jan record low C = -17.2
| Feb record low C = -13.5
| Mar record low C = -8.3
| Apr record low C = -2.8
| May record low C = -1.1
| Jun record low C = 2.2
| Jul record low C = 2.8
| Aug record low C = -1.1
| Sep record low C = -2.2
| Oct record low C = -6.5
| Nov record low C = -15.0
| Dec record low C = -18.9
| year record low C = -18.9
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 186.4
| Feb precipitation mm = 124.8
| Mar precipitation mm = 121.8
| Apr precipitation mm = 109.8
| May precipitation mm = 87.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 72.1
| Jul precipitation mm = 49.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 42.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 59.7
| Oct precipitation mm = 138.5
| Nov precipitation mm = 225.0
| Dec precipitation mm = 182.1
| year precipitation mm = 1399.1
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 172.0
| Feb rain mm = 117.4
| Mar rain mm = 120.0
| Apr rain mm = 109.5
| May rain mm = 87.9
| Jun rain mm = 72.1
| Jul rain mm = 49.0
| Aug rain mm = 42.0
| Sep rain mm = 59.7
| Oct rain mm = 138.1
| Nov rain mm = 223.4
| Dec rain mm = 169.9
| year rain mm = 1360.8
| snow colour =
| Jan snow cm = 14.5
| Feb snow cm = 7.4
| Mar snow cm = 1.8
| Apr snow cm = 0.3
| May snow cm = 0.0
| Jun snow cm = 0.0
| Jul snow cm = 0.0
| Aug snow cm = 0.0
| Sep snow cm = 0.0
| Oct snow cm = 0.4
| Nov snow cm = 1.6
| Dec snow cm = 12.2
| year snow cm = 38.2
| unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 19.3
| Feb precipitation days = 16.0
| Mar precipitation days = 17.8
| Apr precipitation days = 16.2
| May precipitation days = 14.3
| Jun precipitation days = 12.7
| Jul precipitation days = 8.4
| Aug precipitation days = 7.4
| Sep precipitation days = 8.3
| Oct precipitation days = 16.3
| Nov precipitation days = 22.2
| Dec precipitation days = 19.4
| year precipitation days = 178.0
| unit rain days = 0.2 mm
| Jan rain days = 18.4
| Feb rain days = 15.1
| Mar rain days = 17.8
| Apr rain days = 16.2
| May rain days = 14.3
| Jun rain days = 12.7
| Jul rain days = 8.4
| Aug rain days = 7.4
| Sep rain days = 8.3
| Oct rain days = 16.2
| Nov rain days = 22.1
| Dec rain days = 18.1
| year rain days = 174.7
| unit snow days = 0.2 cm
| Jan snow days = 2.2
| Feb snow days = 1.6
| Mar snow days = 0.55
| Apr snow days = 0.10
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.11
| Nov snow days = 0.56
| Dec snow days = 2.4
| year snow days = 7.4
| date = August 2010
}}

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations
| title = Population history
| type = Canada
| align = right
| footnote = ''Source: [[Statistics Canada]]''<ref name="1991census">{{Cite web |title=Population Estimates |url=http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/StatisticsBySubject/Demography/PopulationEstimates.aspx |access-date=October 13, 2014 |publisher=Province of British Columbia |archive-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811224942/http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/statisticsbysubject/Demography/PopulationEstimates.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="2001census">{{Cite web |title=Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Divisions, 2001 and 1996 Censuses – 100% Data (British Columbia) |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Surrey&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=October 13, 2014 |publisher=Statistics Canada |archive-date=April 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410082306/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Surrey&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="2006census">{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2007 |title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses – 100% data (British Columbia) |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Surrey&SearchType=Contains&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=October 13, 2014 |publisher=Statistics Canada |archive-date=October 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017001357/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Surrey&SearchType=Contains&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2011census">{{Cite web |date=January 13, 2014 |title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=51&O=A&RPP=9999&PR=48&CMA=0 |access-date=October 13, 2014 |publisher=Statistics Canada |archive-date=July 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722143610/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=51&O=A&RPP=9999&PR=48&CMA=0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2021census" />
| 1921|5814
| 1931|8388
| 1941|14840
| 1951|33670
| 1956|49366
| 1961|70838
| 1966|81826
| 1971|98601
| 1976|116497
| 1981|147138
| 1986|181447
| 1991|245173
| [[Canada 1996 Census|1996]]|304477
| [[Canada 2001 Census|2001]]|347825
| [[Canada 2006 Census|2006]]|394976
| [[Canada 2011 Census|2011]]|468251
| [[Canada 2016 Census|2016]]|517887
| [[Canada 2021 Census|2021]]|568322
}}

In the [[2021 Canadian census]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Surrey had a population of 568,322 living in 185,671 of its 195,098 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:568322-517887}}|517887|1}} from its 2016 population of 517,887. With a land area of {{cvt|316.11|km2}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|568322|316.11|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name="2021census" />

Surrey is the 11th largest city in Canada, and is also the fifth-largest city in Western Canada (after [[Calgary]], [[Edmonton]], [[Winnipeg]] and [[Vancouver]]). Surrey forms an integral part of Metro Vancouver as it is the largest city in the region by land area, albeit while also serving as the secondary economic core of the metropolitan area. When combined with the City of Vancouver, both cities account for nearly 50 percent of the region's population. In recent years, a rapidly expanding urban core in [[Whalley, Surrey|Downtown Surrey]], located in [[Whalley, Surrey|Whalley]] has transformed the area into the secondary downtown core in [[Metro Vancouver]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=British Columbia's Second City |newspaper=Bloomberg |date=February 16, 2012 |url=https://www.citylab.com/life/2012/02/british-columbias-second-city/1250/ |access-date=November 10, 2018 |archive-date=November 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110160114/https://www.citylab.com/life/2012/02/british-columbias-second-city/1250/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The New Surrey: The city's not-so-secret weapon |url=https://vancouversun.com/technology/surrey+city+secret+weapon/8069958/story.html |accessdate=January 27, 2021 |archive-date=September 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909222927/http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/surrey+city+secret+weapon/8069958/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Ethnicity ===
Within the City of Surrey itself feature many neighbourhoods including City Centre, Whalley, [[Newton, Surrey|Newton]], [[Guildford, British Columbia|Guildford]], [[Fleetwood, Surrey|Fleetwood]], [[Cloverdale, Surrey|Cloverdale]] and [[South Surrey]]. Each neighbourhood is unique and includes ethnically diverse populations. While Europeans and South Asians can be found in large numbers across the city, areas which house a large proportion of the former include South Surrey (72 percent) and Cloverdale (69 percent), with Newton (58 percent) and Whalley (51 percent) being home to large numbers of the latter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Surrey |url=https://www.surrey.ca/files/Neighbourhood-Profile-South-Surrey.pdf |access-date=July 26, 2019 |archive-date=October 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022000348/https://www.surrey.ca/files/Neighbourhood-Profile-South-Surrey.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cloverdale |url=https://www.surrey.ca/files/Neighbourhood-Profile-Cloverdale.pdf |access-date=July 26, 2019 |archive-date=January 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128083227/https://www.surrey.ca/files/Neighbourhood-Profile-Cloverdale.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Newton |url=https://www.surrey.ca/files/Neighbourhood-Profile-Newton.pdf |access-date=July 26, 2019 |archive-date=January 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128083017/https://www.surrey.ca/files/Neighbourhood-Profile-Newton.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Whalley |url=https://www.surrey.ca/files/Neighbourhood-Profile-Whalley.pdf |access-date=July 26, 2019 |archive-date=October 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021215423/https://www.surrey.ca/files/Neighbourhood-Profile-Whalley.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Immigration to Surrey has drastically increased since the 1980s; this has created a more ethnically and linguistically diverse city. 52 percent do not speak English as their first language, while approximately 38 percent of the city's inhabitants are of [[South Asian Canadians in Greater Vancouver|South Asian]] heritage. Beginning in the 1990s, an influx of South Asians began moving to the city from the [[Punjabi Market, Vancouver|Punjabi Market]] neighbourhood of South Vancouver due to rising housing costs and rapidly increasing rent costs for businesses.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vancouversun.com/News/surrey/change-in-the-air-at-the-punjabi-market-as-businesses-depart-for-surrey?r |title=Change in the air at the Punjabi Market as businesses depart for Surrey |date=February 3, 2013 |access-date=August 2, 2021 |archive-date=August 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802230604/https://vancouversun.com/News/surrey/change-in-the-air-at-the-punjabi-market-as-businesses-depart-for-surrey?r |url-status=live }}</ref> The outflow of these residents combined with increased immigration from the [[South Asia|Indian Subcontinent]] therefore established in Surrey one of the largest concentrations of South Asian residents in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mapping Ethnicity Part One: South Asia In Surrey |url=https://vancouversun.com/sports/Mapping+ethnicity+Part+South+Asia+Surrey/5547648/story.html |accessdate=January 27, 2021 |archive-date=October 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016021700/http://www.vancouversun.com/sports/Mapping+ethnicity+Part+South+Asia+Surrey/5547648/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Other significant groups which reside in the city include [[East Asian Canadians|East Asians]]{{efn|name=EastAsian}} (10.9 percent) and Southeast Asians{{efn|name=SoutheastAsian}} (9.7 percent).<ref name="SurreyCityMinority2021" /> Forming nearly 2.3 percent of the total population, the [[Black Canadians|Black]] community of Surrey is small, though the city is home to the largest Black population in British Columbia;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810035204 |title=Visible minority by gender and age: Census subdivisions with a population of 5,000 or more by province or territory |first=Statistics Canada |last=Government of Canada |date=June 21, 2023 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |accessdate=May 24, 2025}}</ref> roughly 21 percent of the entire Black population of the province resides in Surrey.<ref name="SurreyCityMinority2021" /> Similar to most cities across [[English Canada|English-speaking Canada]], a large majority (64 percent) of Surrey residents of [[European Canadians|European]] heritage can trace their roots to the [[British Isles]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic+origin&TABID=1&type=0 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Surrey, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |first=Statistics Canada |last=Government of Canada |date=February 8, 2017 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |accessdate=December 28, 2021 |archive-date=December 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229003921/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic+origin&TABID=1&type=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Further|Demographics of Metro Vancouver#Historic trends}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable "
|+ [[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] groups in Surrey (2001–2021)
! rowspan="2" |[[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] group
! colspan="2" |2021<ref name="indigenous2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title=Indigenous identity by Registered or Treaty Indian status: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810026601 |access-date=October 26, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027012129/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810026601 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SurreyCityMinority2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Surrey, City (CY) British Columbia [Census subdivision] Visible minority |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915004&HEADERlist=30&SearchText=surrey |access-date=October 26, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027064057/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915004&HEADERlist=30&SearchText=surrey |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2016<ref name="indigenous2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=June 17, 2019 |title=Aboriginal Identity (9), Age (20), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census – 25% Sample Data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110511&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=122&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=October 6, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926132326/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110511&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=122&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SurreyCityMinority2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 27, 2021 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Surrey, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Greater Vancouver, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia Visible Minority |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&SearchText=surrey&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=October 6, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007001310/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&SearchText=surrey&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1&type=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="indigenous2011">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=January 23, 2019 |title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Aboriginal Identity (8), Age Groups (20), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census divisions and Census subdivisions, 2011 National Household Survey |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=107504&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=94&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=October 6, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006094011/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=107504&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=94&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SurreyCityMinority2011">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=November 27, 2015 |title=NHS Profile, Surrey, CY, British Columbia, 2011 Visible Minority |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Data=Count&SearchText=surrey&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Visible%20minority&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=October 6, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007001312/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Data=Count&SearchText=surrey&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Visible%20minority&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2006<ref name="SurreyCity2006">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=August 20, 2019 |title=2006 Community Profiles Surrey British Columbia (City) |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=surrey&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=October 6, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007001315/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=surrey&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="SurreyCity2001">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=July 2, 2019 |title=2001 Community Profiles Surrey British Columbia (City) |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=surrey&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=October 6, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007001312/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=surrey&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]]
| 212,680
| {{Percentage | 212680 | 562565 | 2 }}
| 168,040
| {{Percentage | 168040 | 511540 | 2 }}
| 142,445
| {{Percentage | 142445 | 463340 | 2 }}
| 107,810
| {{Percentage | 107810 | 392450 | 2 }}
| 75,680
| {{Percentage | 75680 | 345780 | 2 }}
|-
| [[European Canadians|European]]{{efn|Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.|name=euro}}
| 173,155
| {{Percentage | 173155 | 562565 | 2 }}
| 198,835
| {{Percentage | 198835 | 511540 | 2 }}
| 208,625
| {{Percentage | 208625 | 463340 | 2 }}
| 203,815
| {{Percentage | 203815 | 392450 | 2 }}
| 211,870
| {{Percentage | 211870 | 345780 | 2 }}
|-
| [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.|name=EastAsian}}
| 61,360
| {{Percentage | 61360 | 562565 | 2 }}
| 52,025
| {{Percentage | 52025 | 511540 | 2 }}
| 39,270
| {{Percentage | 39270 | 463340 | 2 }}
| 29,965
| {{Percentage | 29965 | 392450 | 2 }}
| 23,600
| {{Percentage | 23600 | 345780 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Southeast Asia]]n{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.|name=SoutheastAsian}}
| 54,635
| {{Percentage | 54635 | 562565 | 2 }}
| 44,875
| {{Percentage | 44875 | 511540 | 2 }}
| 39,560
| {{Percentage | 39560 | 463340 | 2 }}
| 25,795
| {{Percentage | 25795 | 392450 | 2 }}
| 16,440
| {{Percentage | 16440 | 345780 | 2 }}
|-
| [[African-Canadian|African]]
| 12,870
| {{Percentage | 12870 | 562565 | 2 }}
| 9,455
| {{Percentage | 9455 | 511540 | 2 }}
| 6,150
| {{Percentage | 6150 | 463340 | 2 }}
| 5,015
| {{Percentage | 5015 | 392450 | 2 }}
| 3,810
| {{Percentage | 3810 | 345780 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.|name=MiddleEastern}}
| 12,620
| {{Percentage | 12620 | 562565 | 2 }}
| 9,485
| {{Percentage | 9485 | 511540 | 2 }}
| 5,615
| {{Percentage | 5615 | 463340 | 2 }}
| 3,595
| {{Percentage | 3595 | 392450 | 2 }}
| 2,300
| {{Percentage | 2300 | 345780 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]]
| 12,175
| {{Percentage | 12175 | 562565 | 2 }}
| 13,460
| {{Percentage | 13460 | 511540 | 2 }}
| 10,955
| {{Percentage | 10955 | 463340 | 2 }}
| 7,630
| {{Percentage | 7630 | 392450 | 2 }}
| 6,895
| {{Percentage | 6895 | 345780 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]]
| 8,830
| {{Percentage | 8830 | 562565 | 2 }}
| 7,065
| {{Percentage | 7065 | 511540 | 2 }}
| 5,340
| {{Percentage | 5340 | 463340 | 2 }}
| 3,785
| {{Percentage | 3785 | 392450 | 2 }}
| 3,315
| {{Percentage | 3315 | 345780 | 2 }}
|-
| Other/[[Multiracial people|multiracial]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, {{abbr|n.i.e.|not included elsewhere}}" and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.|name=Other}}
| 14,240
| {{Percentage | 14240 | 562565 | 2 }}
| 8,315
| {{Percentage | 8315 | 511540 | 2 }}
| 5,385
| {{Percentage | 5385 | 463340 | 2 }}
| 5,050
| {{Percentage | 5050 | 392450 | 2 }}
| 1,880
| {{Percentage | 1880 | 345780 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total responses
! 562,565
! {{Percentage | 562565 | 568322 | 2 }}
! 511,540
! {{Percentage | 511540 | 517887 | 2 }}
! 463,340
! {{Percentage | 463340 | 468251 | 2 }}
! 392,450
! {{Percentage | 392450 | 394976 | 2 }}
! 345,780
! {{Percentage | 345780 | 347825 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total population
! 568,322
! {{Percentage | 568322 | 568322 | 2 }}
! 517,887
! {{Percentage | 517887 | 517887 | 2 }}
! 468,251
! {{Percentage | 468251 | 468251 | 2 }}
! 394,976
! {{Percentage | 394976 | 394976 | 2 }}
! 347,825
! {{Percentage | 347825 | 347825 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="11" | {{small|Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses}}
|}

=== Religion ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Surrey (2021)<ref name="SurreyCityReligion2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Surrey, City (CY) British Columbia [Census subdivision] Religion |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915004&HEADERlist=32&SearchText=surrey |access-date=October 26, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027072924/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915004&HEADERlist=32&SearchText=surrey |url-status=live }}</ref>
|label1 = [[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]]
|value1 = 30.2
|color1 = dodgerblue
|label2 = [[Irreligion in Canada|No religion]]
|value2 = 28.8
|color2 = honeydew
|label3 = [[Sikhism in Canada|Sikhism]]
|value3 = 27.4
|color3 = #e9ce1e
|label4 = [[Islam in Canada|Islam]]
|value4 = 5.5
|color4 = green
|label5 = [[Hinduism in Canada|Hinduism]]
|value5 = 5.4
|color5 = coral
|label6 = [[Buddhism in Canada|Buddhism]]
|value6 = 1.9
|color6 = yellow
|label7 = [[Judaism in Canada|Judaism]]
|value7 = 0.2
|color7 = aqua
|label8 = [[Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous]]
|value8 = 0.1
|color8 = deeppink
|label9 = Other religions
|value9 = 0.5
|color9 = darkorchid
}}

Proportionally, Surrey has the largest Sikh population percentage (27.4 percent) out of all subdivisions in Canada.

[[2021 Canadian census|As of 2021]], the top five most reported religious affiliations in Surrey were [[Christianity]] (170,115 or 30.2 percent), [[Irreligion]] (161,860 or 28.6 percent), [[Sikhism]] (154,415 or 27.4 percent), [[Islam]] (31,095 or 5.5 percent), and [[Hinduism]] (30,455 or 5.4 percent).<ref name="SurreyCityReligion2021" />

=== Language ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Languages with over 2,500 speakers<ref name="2021census" />
|- style="background:darkGrey;"
! Mother tongue
! Population
! Percentage
|-
| English
| 243,510
| 43.2%
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| 128,305
| 22.7%
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
| [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]
| 28,080
| 5.0%
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
| [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]
| 18,640
| 3.3%
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| 14,540
| 2.6%
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
| [[Korean language|Korean]]
| 8,690
| 1.5%
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
| [[Cantonese]]
| 8,165
| 1.4%
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
| [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| 7,565
| 1.3%
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]
| 6,860
| 1.2%
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
| [[Arabic]]
| 6,135
| 1.1%
|-
|[[Urdu]]
|5,820
|1.0%
|-
|[[Persian language|Persian]] (including [[Dari]])
|3,115
|0.6%
|-
|[[French language|French]]
|2,910
|0.5%
|-
|[[German language|German]]
|2,860
|0.5%
|}
{{Clear left}}

=== Economic indicators ===

As of 2010, Surrey had the highest median family income of {{CAD|78,283|link=yes}}, while the BC provincial median was $71,660, and the national median was $74,540. The average family income was $85,765.<ref name="StatsCan">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=NHS Profile, Surrey, CY, British Columbia, 2011 |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Data=Count&SearchText=Surrey&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=59&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=February 14, 2015 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |archive-date=June 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609063641/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Data=Count&SearchText=Surrey&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=59&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> South Surrey area had the highest average household income of all six town centres in Surrey, with an average of $86,824 as of 2010. Median household income was also high at $62,960.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Community Profile 2010 |url=http://www.surrey.ca/files/health_profile_south_surrey.pdf |access-date=February 14, 2015 |publisher=Fraser Health |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924112055/http://www.surrey.ca/files/health_profile_south_surrey.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> South Surrey's neighbourhood of Rosemary Heights is the richest in Surrey and throughout the Metro Vancouver area, with a median income more than twice the regional average.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skelton |first=Chad |date=March 1, 2012 |title=Rosemary Heights in Surrey is richest place in Metro Vancouver |url=https://vancouversun.com/Rosemary+Heights+Surrey+richest+place+Metro+Vancouver/6236922/story.html |access-date=February 14, 2015 |website=Vancouver Sun |archive-date=June 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615112905/http://www.vancouversun.com/Rosemary+Heights+Surrey+richest+place+Metro+Vancouver/6236922/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

As of 2010, the median household income of Surrey was $67,702 (versus the national median of $76,437), where 29.4 percent of households in Surrey earned a household total income of $100,000 or more, which is above the national average of 25.9 percent.<ref name="StatsCan" /><ref name="National Survey">{{Cite web |title=National Survey |date=May 8, 2013 |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=February 14, 2015 |publisher=StatsCan |archive-date=December 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231181021/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Surrey aerial view.JPG|thumb|right|Partial view of Surrey from a plane]]

== Economy ==

[[File:Sfusurrey.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Central City (Surrey, British Columbia)|Central City]], the tallest building in Surrey from 2003 to 2017]]
Surrey is one of the largest industrial centres within British Columbia, with a burgeoning high technology, clean energy, advanced manufacturing, health, education, agriculture, and arts sector.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Key Sectors |url=http://www.surrey.ca/business-economic-development/4958.aspx |access-date=February 14, 2015 |publisher=City of Surrey |archive-date=February 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215065927/http://www.surrey.ca/business-economic-development/4958.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Increase in filming activity in Surrey resulted in 189 productions, including 15 at the city hall plaza, in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Another record-breaking year ensures Surrey is part of Hollywood North |work=CBC News |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/surrey-hollywood-north-1.4473248 |access-date=January 4, 2018 |archive-date=January 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105012145/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/surrey-hollywood-north-1.4473248 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2018, Surrey opened a $68 million biofuel facility, the first in North America.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Janet |date=March 9, 2018 |title=North America's first bio-fuel facility opens in Surrey |work=Global News Radio |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4074601/north-americas-first-bio-fuel-facility-opens-in-surrey/ |access-date=March 20, 2018 |archive-date=March 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321064119/https://globalnews.ca/news/4074601/north-americas-first-bio-fuel-facility-opens-in-surrey/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

There were six employers in Surrey in 2017 each with more than 1,000 staff across BC: [[Fraser Health]] with 25,000; [[School District 36 Surrey|School District 36]] with 10,560; City of Surrey with 3,400; [[Coast Capital Savings]] with 1,738; Starline Windows Group with 1,400; [[Kwantlen Polytechnic University]] with 1,332.<ref name="BiV">{{Cite book |title=Book of Lists |date=2018 |publisher=Business In Vancouver |page=76}}</ref>

=== Agriculture ===

Farming has strongly been attached to the economic well-being of Surrey, as the city of Surrey itself fostered and cemented a robust culture of farming. Approximately a third of Surrey's land is preserved and designated as farmland that is utilized for the local production of food to cater the city's growing population as well as increasing employment opportunities via the creation of local jobs. Agriculture continues to invigorate Surrey's economy employing 3300 people or 1.6 percent of Surrey's overall labour force. Manufacturing is also a highly diversified sector where products are produced for developed and emerging industries that range from the cutting of lumber for various BC logging firms to constructing wind turbines as many Surrey-based environmental firms are capitalizing on the city's initiatives for the clean energy sector.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic Development |url=http://www.surrey.ca/business-economic-development/3506.aspx |access-date=February 14, 2015 |publisher=City of Surrey |archive-date=February 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215065730/http://www.surrey.ca/business-economic-development/3506.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Farming |url=http://www.surrey.ca/files/Agriculture_Sector_Profile_LORES.pdf |access-date=February 14, 2015 |publisher=City of Surrey |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924112038/http://www.surrey.ca/files/Agriculture_Sector_Profile_LORES.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Health care ===

The health sector makes a significant contribution to Surrey's economy. Surrey is home to almost 900 health-related businesses where major focuses in several life science sub-sectors that include infectious diseases, marine bio-science, neuroscience, oncology and regenerative medicine. [[Surrey Memorial Hospital]] is the second largest employer in the City of Surrey with an annual operating budget of $149.2{{nbsp}}million while the health care organization, [[Fraser Health]] employs more than 4,100 people and an additional 350 active physicians at SMH.<ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Surrey Health |url=http://www.surrey.ca/files/10618_Health_Sector_Profile_Brochure__LORES.pdf |access-date=February 14, 2015 |publisher=City of Surrey |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924112034/http://www.surrey.ca/files/10618_Health_Sector_Profile_Brochure__LORES.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Due to population growth in the region, a new hospital in Surrey is planned to be built in Cloverdale; it is projected to be completed in 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fraserhealth.ca/news/2019/Dec/its-official-second-hospital-coming-for-people-in-surrey |title=Its official second hospital coming for people in Surrey |website=www.fraserhealth.ca |accessdate=December 28, 2021 |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228225736/https://www.fraserhealth.ca/news/2019/Dec/its-official-second-hospital-coming-for-people-in-surrey |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Technology ===

Although not as large as Vancouver's technology sector, Surrey also has an emerging tech sector with a highly anticipated incubator that will potentially act as a base to jump-start ideas into various start-up companies from local innovators, inventors, investors and entrepreneurs.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

== Government and politics ==

Surrey is governed by the elected [[Surrey City Council]] comprising a mayor and eight councillors. As of the [[2022 British Columbia municipal elections#Surrey|October 15, 2022, election]], the mayor is [[Brenda Locke]] and city councillors are Linda Annis, Harry Bains,{{efn|No relation to the [[Harry Bains|provincial MLA of the same name]] from Surrey-Newton<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zytaruk |first1=Tom |title=Lawyer Harry Bains, who shares name with long-time MLA, running for Surrey council - Maple Ridge News |url=https://www.mapleridgenews.com/news/lawyer-harry-bains-who-shares-name-with-long-time-mla-running-for-surrey-council/ |access-date=June 14, 2023 |work=www.mapleridgenews.com |date=September 7, 2022 |archive-date=August 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815170808/https://www.mapleridgenews.com/news/lawyer-harry-bains-who-shares-name-with-long-time-mla-running-for-surrey-council/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} Mike Bose, Doug Elford, Gordon Hepner, Pardeep Kooner, Mandeep Nagra, and Rob Stutt.<ref name="citycouncil">{{Cite web |title=City Council |url=https://www.surrey.ca/city-government/2999.aspx |access-date=June 14, 2023 |website=www.surrey.ca |date=December 11, 2019 |archive-date=August 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811094022/https://www.surrey.ca/city-government/2999.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2004, when [[Gurmant Grewal]]'s wife [[Nina Grewal|Nina]] was elected to parliament, they became the first married couple to serve Canadian parliament concurrently.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Winters |first1=Nellie |title=Parliamentary Relatives: Spouses |date=June 14, 2022 |url=http://www.revparlcan.ca/en/parliamentary-relatives-spouses/ |publisher=Canadian Parliamentary Review |access-date=March 10, 2024 |archive-date=March 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310040818/http://www.revparlcan.ca/en/parliamentary-relatives-spouses/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the [[2015 Canadian federal election|2015 federal election]], the [[Liberal Party of Canada]] won three of Surrey's four seats in the [[House of Commons of Canada]]. Conservative MP [[Dianne Watts]] resigned her [[South Surrey—White Rock]] seat in 2017 to compete for the leadership of the BC Liberal Party. In the subsequent 2017 by-election, the Liberal candidate [[Gordie Hogg]] defeated former Conservative MP and federal cabinet minister [[Kerry-Lynne Findlay]].

{|class="wikitable" style="width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"
|+Surrey federal election results<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rep/off/44gedata&document=bypro&lang=e |title=Official Voting Results Raw Data (poll by poll results in Surrey) |publisher=Elections Canada |access-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305223518/https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rep/off/44gedata&document=bypro&lang=e |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Year
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[New Democratic Party|New Democratic]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Green Party of Canada|Green]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal}}|
! [[2021 Canadian federal election|2021]]
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | '''44%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"| ''91,045''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | 30%
| style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"| ''60,927''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} | 21%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''42,791''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|background}} | 1%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''1,729''
|-
! [[2019 Canadian federal election|2019]]
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | '''39%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"| ''83,925''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | 32%
| style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"| ''69,931''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} | 22%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''46,759''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|background}} | 5%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''11,853''
|-
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"
|+Surrey provincial election results<ref>{{cite web |url=https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/44914a35-de9a-4830-ac48-870001ef8935 |title=Official Voting Results by polling station (poll by poll results in Surrey) |publisher=Elections BC |access-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-date=March 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307004320/https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/44914a35-de9a-4830-ac48-870001ef8935 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Year
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[British Columbia New Democratic Party|New Democratic]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[British Columbia Liberal Party|BC Liberal]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Green Party of British Columbia|Green]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: {{Canadian party colour|BC|NDP}}|
! [[2020 British Columbia general election|2020]]
| {{Canadian party colour|BC|NDP|background}} | '''54%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''94,084''
| {{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal|background}} | 37%
| style="text-align:right; background:#A51B12;"| ''63,251''
| {{Canadian party colour|BC|Green|background}} | 7%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''11,781''
|-
! [[2017 British Columbia general election|2017]]
| {{Canadian party colour|BC|NDP|background}} | '''47%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''85,738''
| {{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal|background}} | 41%
| style="text-align:right; background:#A51B12;"| ''75,056''
| {{Canadian party colour|BC|Green|background}} | 10%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''19,064''
|-
|}

== Culture ==

=== Attractions ===

[[File:City of Surrey Museum 2010a.jpg|right|thumb|Surrey Museum in [[Cloverdale, Surrey|Cloverdale]]]]
The Museum of Surrey is affiliated with [[Canadian Museums Association|CMA]], [[Canadian Heritage Information Network|CHIN]], and [[Virtual Museum of Canada]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} It reopened as the Museum of Surrey on September 29, 2018, after a renovation which added {{convert|12000|sqft}} to the previous {{convert|24000|sqft|adj=on}} building.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chan |first=Kenneth |date=April 24, 2018 |title=$16-million expansion of Museum of Surrey to open this fall |work=Daily Hive |url=http://dailyhive.com/vancouver/surrey-museum-expansion-opening-2018 |access-date=September 29, 2018 |archive-date=September 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929080424/http://dailyhive.com/vancouver/surrey-museum-expansion-opening-2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Museum of Surrey |url=https://www.surrey.ca/culture-recreation/2372.aspx |access-date=September 29, 2018 |website=www.surrey.ca |archive-date=September 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929080424/https://www.surrey.ca/culture-recreation/2372.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>

Surrey Art Gallery is the second largest public art museum in the Metro Vancouver region.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2018 |title='Interactive Art Museum' Proposed For Surrey City Centre |url=https://604now.com/interactive-art-museum-downtown-surrey/ |access-date=July 6, 2021 |website=604 Now |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190017/https://604now.com/interactive-art-museum-downtown-surrey/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It opened on September 13, 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2020 |title=September 13, 1975: Official Opening of the Surrey Art Gallery – Opening Exhibition |publisher=City of Surrey |url=https://www.surrey.ca/arts-culture/surrey-art-gallery/exhibitions/september-13-1975-official-opening-of-surrey-art |access-date=July 6, 2021 |website=www.surrey.ca |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184811/https://www.surrey.ca/arts-culture/surrey-art-gallery/exhibitions/september-13-1975-official-opening-of-surrey-art |url-status=live }}</ref>

The historic Surrey Municipal Hall complex includes the Cenotaph in Heritage Square, the Surrey Museum, and Cloverdale Library. The [[Surrey City Centre Public Library]] located at Whalley / City Centre is the second largest library in terms of size in Metro Vancouver.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reid |first=Marelle |date=November 17, 2010 |title=City Centre Library: not just books |url=https://surreycitycentrelibrary.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/nov17leader-focus-on-the-future.pdf |website=The Surrey City Centre Library Blog |access-date=July 17, 2017 |archive-date=October 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014091032/https://surreycitycentrelibrary.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/nov17leader-focus-on-the-future.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bob Prittie Metrotown – Burnaby Public Library |url=http://www.bpl.bc.ca/locations-hours/bob-prittie-metrotown |access-date=February 27, 2018 |website=www.bpl.bc.ca |archive-date=February 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203064218/https://www.bpl.bc.ca/locations-hours/bob-prittie-metrotown |url-status=live }}</ref>

"REMEMBRANCE" by [[André Gauthier (sculptor)|André Gauthier]] in Heritage Square, is an oversized bronze statue depicting a World War I kneeling soldier, helmet in hand, in remembrance of his fallen comrades.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembrance |url=http://www.surrey.ca/culture-recreation/1661.aspx |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215015446/http://www.surrey.ca/culture-recreation/1661.aspx |archivedate=February 15, 2013 |accessdate=January 27, 2021}}</ref>

=== Events ===

[[File:2022 Surrey Fusion Festival.jpg|thumb|Fusion Festival at [[Holland Park, Surrey|Holland Park]]]]
Attracting 15,000 people every February since 2004, WinterFest is a day of live music, sporting activities, food, and fireworks, held at the [[Central City (Surrey, British Columbia)|Central City Plaza]].

Since 1888, the town centre of [[Cloverdale, Surrey|Cloverdale]] has hosted the annual [[Cloverdale Rodeo and Country Fair]] at the [[Cloverdale Fairgrounds]] every [[Victoria Day|May long weekend]]. The Fair is Canada's second largest [[rodeo]],{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} and it features {{convert|150|acre|km2}} of family-oriented entertainment including agricultural/horticultural exhibits, a western tradeshow, parade, community stages, and the Pacific Northwest Firefighter Combat Challenge.

Every year on April 13, the Sikh community celebrates [[Vaisakhi]], which often includes a ''nagar kirtan'', or parade, and free food is often handed out. It is the largest Vaisakhi parade outside India, growing from 100,000 attendees in 2008<ref>{{Cite web |title=100,000 in Vaisakhi parade |url=http://www.canada.com/surreynow/multimedia/story.html?id=80aba4d4-7694-4d56-bc1a-55c5afd54464 |access-date=May 29, 2008 |website=Surrey Now |archive-date=November 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108155716/http://www.canada.com/surreynow/multimedia/story.html?id=80aba4d4-7694-4d56-bc1a-55c5afd54464 |url-status=live }}</ref> to over 500,000 in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surrey's Vaisakhi parade sees more than 500,000 people, setting new attendance record |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5187517/surrey-vaisakhi-parade-record/ |access-date=May 16, 2019 |archive-date=May 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517005228/https://globalnews.ca/news/5187517/surrey-vaisakhi-parade-record/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Every October since 1991, Surrey has hosted the [[Surrey International Writers' Conference]]. This event brings established writers, agents, editors and publishers from all over the world to the Comfort Inn & Suites Surrey Hotel and Sheraton Vancouver Guildford Hotel in [[Guildford Town Centre]].

There are presently three live theatre venues in the City of Surrey in British Columbia as of January 2013: the Bell Centre for Performing Arts, the [[Chandos Pattison Auditorium]] and the Surrey Arts Centre.<ref>Kelly Sinoski, The New Surrey: Developing six cities at once: Surrey must build and link town centres while maintaining their unique traits, [[Vancouver Sun]], January 26, 2013, p.A12</ref>

One of the lesser-known events in Surrey is the annual Nicomekl River Race. Every year, in early June, teams of four meet at Nicomekl Park in [[Langley, British Columbia (city)|Langley, British Columbia]] to begin the race. Unlike most traditional boat races, the Nicomekl River Race requires that all boats be made by the participants. The racecourse extends from Nicomekl Park to Blackie Spit Park at Crescent Beach. The first team to reach the mouth of the river is awarded a prize of $1,000. Additional prizes are awarded to the most creative boat and costume. All proceeds go towards the BC Cancer society.

{{wide image|Cloverdalefairgrounds-pano.jpg|750px|Panorama of the Cloverdale Fairgrounds}}

=== News media ===

In addition to news media from [[Vancouver]], the community is served by ''[[The Now (newspaper)|The Surrey Now-Leader]]'' newspaper, and the ''[[Peace Arch News]]'' newspaper (for South Surrey). The city is also home to South Asian Broadcasting's ethnic radio station [[CKYE-FM|ReD-FM]] and the ''Asian Journal'' newspaper.

The first Surrey-based English-language radio station, [[107.7 FM Surrey, British Columbia|My Surrey FM 107.7 FM]], was licensed by the CRTC in 2014<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cahute |first=Larissa |date=August 25, 2014 |title=A first for Surrey radio fans: English-language station will try to fill the good-news gap |work=Vancouver Desi |url=http://www.vancouverdesi.com/news/a-first-for-surrey-radio-fans-english-language-station-will-try-to-fill-the-good-news-gap/784293/ |access-date=September 25, 2014 |archive-date=January 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109054638/http://www.vancouverdesi.com/news/a-first-for-surrey-radio-fans-english-language-station-will-try-to-fill-the-good-news-gap/784293/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and is now Pulse FM 107.7 reporting about South of the Fraser news. [[Radio India]], another Indo-Canadian radio station, has its offices in Surrey.<ref>"[http://radioindia.ca/mgmt.htm Management]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150219041451/http://radioindia.ca/mgmt.htm Archive]). [[Radio India]]. Retrieved on April 14, 2015. "Address: #201, 12830-80 Ave, Surrey, B.C. V3S3M6, Canada"</ref>

== Sports and recreation ==

Every summer, Surrey hosts the [[Canada Cup (softball)|Canada Cup]] International Women's Fastpitch Tournament. It began in 1993 as an international women's [[softball|fastpitch]] developmental softball [[tournament]] to help teams prepare for the [[summer Olympics|Olympics]] by facing top-calibre competition. The event continues to be a fan favourite with gate attendance reaching 93,000 for the nine-day tournament in 2004.

The [[British Columbia Hockey League|BCHL]] [[Surrey Eagles]] [[ice hockey|hockey]] team plays at the South Surrey Arena in Surrey. The Eagles won the BCHL championship, the [[Fred Page Cup]], in 1997, 1998, 2005, 2013 and 2024; the western championship, the [[Doyle Cup]], in 1997 and 1998; and the national championship, the [[Royal Bank Cup]], in 1998.

The [[Pacific Junior Hockey League|PJHL]] [[Surrey Knights]] relocated to the North Surrey Sport and Ice Complex from [[Langley, British Columbia (city)|Langley]] in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PJHL - Pacific Junior Hockey League |url=https://www.pjhl.net/stats/standings |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=www.pjhl.net |language=en-US}}</ref> The league expanded to two Surrey teams in 2025 with the creation of the [[Cloverdale Junior Hockey Club|Cloverdale Hockey Club]]. The new team plays out of the Cloverdale Sport & Ice Complex.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PJHL - Pacific Junior Hockey League |url=https://www.pjhl.net/stats/standings?standingstype=division&context=overall&specialteams=false&season=49&sortkey=points&league=1 |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=www.pjhl.net |language=en-US}}</ref>

Surrey hosted the Canadian national qualifying tournament in 2006, and sends a local team to compete for a spot in the [[Little League World Series]] in [[Williamsport, Pennsylvania]].

Surrey is also home to Canada's first [[kabaddi]]-specific stadium.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Premier Officially Opens Surrey Kabaddi Stadium |date=September 9, 2006 |publisher=Government of British Columbia |url=http://www.gov.bc.ca/premier/media_gallery/events/2006/sept/premier_officially_opens_surrey_kabaddi_stadium_2006_09_09_35643_o.html |access-date=January 12, 2008 |archive-date=June 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603002933/http://www.gov.bc.ca/premier/media_gallery/events/2006/sept/premier_officially_opens_surrey_kabaddi_stadium_2006_09_09_35643_o.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Although not considered a sport, the globally acclaimed dance company known as "Brotherhood" won gold trophies at the [[World Hip Hop Dance Championships]] in 2013 and 2014 for the varsity and adult divisions. The affiliated dance production team known as "PraiseTEAM" had taken home the silver trophy at the world finals in 2013 as well. Both dance companies are from Surrey.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada & New Zealand win big at the 2013 World Hip Hop Dance Championship. – HIP HOP INTERNATIONAL |url=http://www.hiphopinternational.com/2013/10/10/canada-new-zealand-win-big-at-the-2013-world-hip-hop-dance-championship/ |access-date=February 27, 2018 |website=www.hiphopinternational.com |archive-date=November 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115230546/http://www.hiphopinternational.com/2013/10/10/canada-new-zealand-win-big-at-the-2013-world-hip-hop-dance-championship/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Cricket is also played in Surrey. There are more than 85 teams registered with British Columbia Mainland Cricket League. There are more than 20 cricket pitches across Surrey,{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} though the only turf pitch is in West Newton.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

Other notable sporting events held by Surrey include:
* [[2016 Women's Softball World Championship]]

==Transportation==
===History===
The first non-Indigenous settlement of Surrey was founded near [[Crescent Beach, Surrey|Crescent Beach]], located in [[South Surrey]]; another was founded near Bridgeview/[[Brownsville, British Columbia|Brownsville]], located in North Surrey. Early trails and roads helped to encourage the settlement of Surrey. The first trail built by a settler was the 1861 the [[Kennedy Trail]]. James Kennedy built the trail to provide a route between New Westminster and the natural pasture land on the Mud Bay Flats next to the Serpentine River.<ref>Early Trails and Roads in the Lower Fraser Valley, W. N. Draper, British Columbia Historical Quarterly, January 1943, Vol. 7, p. 49-56.</ref> The Semiahmoo Wagon Road was built in 1873 between Brownsville (opposite New Westminster) and Semiahmoo (Blaine).<ref>The Semiahmoo Trail: Myths Makers Memories by Ron Dowle, Surrey Historical Society, 1998.</ref> The first regular ferry service across the Fraser River started in 1882 on the steam ferry ''K de K'', with the point of departure at Brownsville.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 11, 1993 |title=Surrey History |url=http://members.shaw.ca/jack_brown/surrey.html |access-date=March 9, 2011 |website=Members.shaw.ca |archive-date=June 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090613034316/http://members.shaw.ca/jack_brown/surrey.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The ferry landed on the Surrey side at the start of Old Yale Road, which connected directly inland to Yale and was a major gold rush trail.

The [[New Westminster Bridge|New Westminster Rail Bridge]] was opened in 1904, allowing personal vehicles to cross the [[Fraser River]] on the upper deck. The lower deck, for rail, enabled [[British Columbia Electric Railway|BC Electric Railway]] to finally construct the Interurban line, an electric suburb commuter rail route connecting Chilliwack to Vancouver. It opened for service in 1910, and ran through Kennedy, [[Newton Town Centre|Newton]], Sullivan, and [[Cloverdale, Surrey|Cloverdale]]. Two of the BCER cars (1225 & 1304) are restored and are operated by the [[Fraser Valley Heritage Railway Society]] on the mainline between Cloverdale and Sullivan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fraser Valley Heritage Railway Society |url=http://www.fvhrs.org/ |access-date=August 1, 2012 |website=Fvhrs.org |archive-date=July 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720053612/http://www.fvhrs.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1937, the then two-lane [[Pattullo Bridge]] linking [[New Westminster]] and Surrey was opened.

In the early 1950s, the BC Electric Railway ceased operating its interurban line, thus increasing the number of vehicles on Surrey roads. [[British Columbia Highway 10|Highway 10]] was built in 1953, and [[British Columbia Highway 15|Highway 15]] in 1957. In 1964, the provincial government completed Highway 401 and the [[Port Mann Bridge]]; that section of roadway would later be renamed [[British Columbia Highway 1|Highway 1]]. In 1959, the [[George Massey Tunnel]] was opened, along with what is known as [[British Columbia Highway 99|Highway 99]]. With the completion of the new Highways 1 and 99, the Fraser Highway and King George Boulevard became major arteries.

In the early 1990s, Surrey saw the return of rail transit with the [[SkyTrain (Vancouver)|SkyTrain]] [[Expo Line (TransLink)|Expo Line]] expansion into Surrey. The four stations added were [[Scott Road station|Scott Road]], [[Gateway station (SkyTrain)|Gateway]], [[Surrey Central station|Surrey Central]] and [[King George station|King George]].

In 2026, the four-lane [[stal̕əw̓asəm Bridge]] opened to replace the Pattullo Bridge as the link between New Westminster and Surrey.<ref name="PAN20250525">{{cite news |last=Brockman |first=Charles |date=February 13, 2026 |title=Pattullo Bridge replacement fully open |newspaper=[[CityNews]] |url=https://vancouver.citynews.ca/2026/02/13/pattullo-bridge-replacement-to-fully-open-saturday/ |access-date=March 17, 2026}}</ref>

===Current transportation network===
[[File:CMBC-B18032.jpg|thumb|The [[R1 King George Blvd]] provides frequent bus service between Newton, Guildford and Surrey City Centre.]]
[[File:King George platform level, March 2019.jpg|thumb|An [[Expo Line (TransLink)|Expo Line]] train at [[King George station]]; service to Downtown Vancouver begins at this station.]]
Public transit in Surrey, as with the rest of Metro Vancouver, is operated by [[TransLink (British Columbia)|TransLink]], which provides frequent bus service throughout Surrey, and to other Metro Vancouver municipalities. Metro Vancouver's metropolitan rail system, SkyTrain, provides Surrey with an Expo Line service to [[Downtown Vancouver]] via four stations: Scott Road, Gateway, Surrey Central, and King George.

The [[Canadian National Railway]], [[Canadian Pacific Railway]], [[BNSF Railway]], and [[Southern Railway of British Columbia]] have trackage running through Surrey.<ref>{{Cite web |title=COSMOS |url=http://cosmos.surrey.ca/external/ |access-date=August 2, 2018 |website=cosmos.surrey.ca |archive-date=August 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804073521/http://cosmos.surrey.ca/external/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Vancouver International Airport]] is located {{convert|28|km|mi}} west of Surrey. Vancouver International Airport offers direct daily service to destinations in Canada, North America, Europe, and Asia.

[[Bellingham International Airport]] is located {{convert|32|km|mi}} south of Surrey, and offers connections to Seattle, Las Vegas, and Hawaii.

[[Abbotsford International Airport]] is located {{convert|24|km|mi}} east of Surrey, and offers daily flights to Calgary and Edmonton.
[[File:CMBC-H18051.jpg|thumb|The [[R6 Scott Rd]] provides frequent bus service between [[Scott Road station|Scott Road Skytrain Station]] and [[Newton Exchange]].]]
[[Seaport]] facilities are available at the Fraser River Docks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DP World Fraser Surrey | Pacific Rim Stevedoring |url=http://www.fsd.bc.ca/,%20http://www.fsd.bc.ca/ |accessdate=January 27, 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Future transportation===
Funding a [[Surrey LRT|light rail transit]] (LRT) line linking both [[Newton, Surrey|Newton]] and Guildford with [[Surrey City Centre]] was agreed to by both BC's provincial government and the federal government. The project was unpopular, and after electing a new mayor and council in October 2018, who had run on a platform to cancel the LRT line in favour of extending the existing SkyTrain line to Langley, made it their first order of business.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surrey council passes motions to scrap LRT, start municipal police force – CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/mccallum-first-day-as-mayor-1.4893538 |access-date=November 6, 2018 |archive-date=November 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107042135/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/mccallum-first-day-as-mayor-1.4893538 |url-status=live }}</ref> TransLink's Mayors' Council, who has the ultimate authority over the project, responded to this decision by indefinitely suspending work on the light rail project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Vancouver mayors agree to suspend Surrey LRT, start process for SkyTrain to Langley – CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/metro-vancouver-mayors-council-first-meeting-mccallum-1.4907048 |access-date=November 16, 2018 |archive-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204173558/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/metro-vancouver-mayors-council-first-meeting-mccallum-1.4907048 |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2019, a {{convert|7|km|adj=on}} Expo Line extension from King George station to 166 Street and [[Fraser Highway]] in [[Fleetwood, Surrey|Fleetwood]] was approved and is estimated to be completed by 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chan |first=Kenneth |date=December 9, 2018 |title=TransLink could open new 16-km SkyTrain in Surrey by 2025 |work=Daily Hive |url=https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/translink-skytrain-surrey-potential-timeline-december-2018 |url-status=live |access-date=March 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209224310/https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/translink-skytrain-surrey-potential-timeline-december-2018 |archive-date=December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chan |first=Kenneth |date=July 25, 2019 |title=Mayors' Council approves first phase of new Surrey-Langley SkyTrain up to Fleetwood |url=https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/surrey-langley-fraser-highway-skytrain-fleetwood-july-25-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728040900/https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/surrey-langley-fraser-highway-skytrain-fleetwood-july-25-2019 |archive-date=July 28, 2019 |access-date=July 28, 2019 |website=Daily Hive}}</ref> However, the plan is now to take the SkyTrain the entire way to Langley in one phase by 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surrey-to-Langley SkyTrain won't be up and running until 2028 |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8205897/surrey-to-langley-skytrain-2028-finish-date/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |website=Global News |archive-date=September 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922052446/https://globalnews.ca/news/8205897/surrey-to-langley-skytrain-2028-finish-date/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Sustainable development ==

In 2008, Surrey City Council created and adopted the Surrey Sustainability Charter:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sustainability Charter: a commitment to sustainability |url=http://www.surrey.ca/files/Sustainability_Charter.pdf |access-date=February 13, 2013 |publisher=City of Surrey |archive-date=August 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818092829/http://www.surrey.ca/files/Sustainability_Charter.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> a comprehensive document spanning 72 pages that takes a comprehensive look at all facets of society and creates an overarching document to guide the urban development of the city for the next 50 years. In 2011, the city council released the second update to the 2008 document indicating the progress made in the three years since the inception of the report.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sustainability Charter update 2011 |url=http://www.surrey.ca/files/2011FinalSustainabilityReport_web.pdf |access-date=February 13, 2013 |publisher=City of Surrey |archive-date=May 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513120432/http://surrey.ca/files/2011FinalSustainabilityReport_web.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Issues ===
{{Anchor|Hurdles}}

==== Suburban sprawl and the Gateway Program ====
[[File:Holland Park, Surrey BC2.jpg|thumb|Holland Park and Residential towers in Surrey]]
{{See also|Urban sprawl|Gateway Program}}

Surrey currently{{when|date=December 2025}} faces the problem of urban sprawl, the phenomenon that is characterized by the low density residential, with almost no commercial or industrial zoning. This results in a heavy outflow of traffic in the morning, and inflow in the evening.

The announcement of the Gateway Program in 2005 by the [[British Columbia Ministry of Transportation]] meant a large expenditure in transportation infrastructure. Despite the oppositions by the [[Metro Vancouver]] and several mayoral councils,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burnaby Public Consultation on Provincial Gateway Program |url=http://www.burnaby.ca/Assets/city+services/roads+and+traffic/Transportation+-+Gateway+-+January+15+2007+Council+Report.pdf |access-date=February 13, 2013 |publisher=City of Burnaby |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101816/http://www.burnaby.ca/Assets/city+services/roads+and+traffic/Transportation+-+Gateway+-+January+15+2007+Council+Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Standing Committee Minutes |url=http://vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/cclerk/20060606/documents/ttmin.pdf |access-date=February 13, 2013 |publisher=City of Vancouver}}</ref> the project went ahead to create the [[South Fraser Perimeter Road]] and the Port Mann Bridge, both which pass through major portions of Surrey. It has been criticized to be contradictory to not only Metro Vancouver's Sustainable Region Initiative,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Proposed twinning of the Port Mann Bridge and Highway 1 expansion |url=http://www.livableregion.ca/pdf/PortMannBriefingJune06.pdf |access-date=February 13, 2013 |publisher=David Suzuki Foundation |archive-date=June 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626210338/http://www.livableregion.ca/pdf/PortMannBriefingJune06.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> but also Surrey's Sustainability Charter. Studies have shown that with an increase in road capacity, ''generated traffic'' increases, that is traffic that is diverted (shifted in time and route) and induced travel (increased total motor vehicle travel).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Litman |first=Todd |date=September 10, 2012 |title=Generated Traffic and Induced Travel Implications for Transport Planning |url=http://www.vtpi.org/gentraf.pdf |access-date=February 11, 2013 |publisher=Victoria Transport Policy Institute |archive-date=March 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310045906/http://www.vtpi.org/gentraf.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> With the construction of the 10 lane Port Mann Bridge, the problem of suburban sprawl is exacerbated not only with the additional capacity, but [[RapidBus (TransLink)|RapidBus]] service was also cancelled despite expectations of a stop in Surrey.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 23, 2012 |title=Dianne Watts angry Surrey dropped from RapidBus plans |work=News 1130 |url=http://www.news1130.com/2012/11/23/dianne-watts-angry-surrey-dropped-from-rapidbus-plans/ |access-date=February 13, 2013 |archive-date=May 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522004406/http://www.news1130.com/2012/11/23/dianne-watts-angry-surrey-dropped-from-rapidbus-plans/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Transportation and land use ====

The Sustainability Charter hinges on a large reduction on [[automobile dependency]] requiring a well established transit infrastructure to the multiple districts of Surrey. In 2008, [[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]] announced the extension of the [[Expo Line (TransLink)|Expo Line]] beyond the current terminus to as far as Langley.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 16, 2008 |title=More Skytrains for Surrey |work=Surrey Leader |id={{ProQuest|373127516}}}}</ref> However, financial shortfall came upon Translink shortly after, and many of the announced plans came to a halt. Plans to expand northward via the [[Evergreen Extension|Evergreen extension]] came to fruition prior to the vision of extending [[light rail]] out to Guildford, Newton and Langley. Mayor Watts attempted impose equal tolling across the region to assist with funding transit to reduce car reliance.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 15, 2012 |title=A better Surrey hinges on halted transit plans |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/a-better-surrey-hinges-on-halted-transit-plans/article4279109/ |access-date=February 13, 2013 |archive-date=May 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520082048/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/a-better-surrey-hinges-on-halted-transit-plans/article4279109/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Protecting agricultural land reserves also play an important part in the charter of sustainability. The idea behind the agricultural land reserves is to encourage and increase the role of urban agriculture, thus reducing the reliance of food transport and increasing the quality and availability of food to local people. The Charter takes the idea one step further by encouraging food processing [[agribusiness]] to complete the supply chain circle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sustainability Charter: a commitment to sustainability |url=http://www.surrey.ca/files/Sustainability_Charter.pdf |access-date=February 13, 2013 |publisher=City of Surrey |pages=20 |archive-date=August 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818092829/http://www.surrey.ca/files/Sustainability_Charter.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In a case study of Toronto completed by Pierre Filion, he claims that while transit and natural area conservation are successful at achieving their respective immediate objectives, they "do not modify metropolitan-wide relations between transportation and land use...in a fashion that is consistent with smart growth". Filion identifies that the largest obstacles are [[NIMBY]] reactions from the public and the limited finances from the public sector.<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Vojnovic |editor-first=Igor |url=http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781609173470/ |title=Urban sustainability : a global perspective |publisher=Michigan State University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9781611860559 |location=East Lansing |pages=509–523 |access-date=February 13, 2013 |archive-date=October 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017001357/http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781609173470/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Education ==

[[File:Surrey center library.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Surrey Central Library]]
Of the city's population over the age of 25, 23.7 percent hold a bachelor's degree or higher, slightly below the national average of 25.8 percent. 47.2 percent work in professional and managerial jobs, compared with the national average of 52.7 percent.<ref name="StatsCan" /><ref name="National Survey" />

=== Schools ===
[[School District 36 Surrey]] oversees 100 public elementary and 21 public secondary schools in Surrey, making it the largest public school district in [[British Columbia]], as well as the largest employer in Surrey.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surrey Schools Fact Sheet |url=https://media.surreyschools.ca/media/Default/medialib/surrey-schools-fact-sheet.100fca69428.pdf |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=SurreySchools.ca}}</ref> The ''[[Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique]]'' operates one Francophone school in the city: ''[[École Gabrielle-Roy (Surrey)|École Gabrielle-Roy]]'', which includes primary and secondary levels.<ref>"[http://www.csf.bc.ca/ecoles/en-colombie-britannique/carte-des-ecoles/ Carte des écoles] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817050550/http://www.csf.bc.ca/ecoles/en-colombie-britannique/carte-des-ecoles/ |date=August 17, 2015 }}." ''[[Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britanique]]''. Retrieved on January 22, 2015.</ref>

==== Old Anniedale School ====
The Old Anniedale School, built in 1891,<ref name="HistoricPlaces">{{Cite web |title=Old Anniedale School |url=https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=1917 |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=HistoricPlaces.ca |publisher=Canadian Register of Historic Places}}</ref> is one of the earliest schools in Surrey. It was designed by the British Columbia Department of Lands and Works and constructed by Samuel Edge.

The school is associated with the development of the Tynehead and Anniedale neighbourhoods, first settled in the 1860s along the Coast Meridian Road (168th Street).<ref name="HistoricPlaces" /> Now located on the grounds of the modern Anniedale Elementary School, it hosts re-enactments of 19th-century lessons. It was saved from demolition in 1975 by the Anniedale Parent Teacher Association and renovated with government grants and community support.<ref name="HistoricPlaces" /> The building was restored again in 2019 by Gibraltar Construction.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heritage buildings moved across Surrey last year to receive $729K in restorations |url=https://www.surreynowleader.com/news/heritage-buildings-moved-across-surrey-last-year-to-receive-729k-in-restorations-2952620 |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Surrey Now-Leader}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-05 |title=Old Anniedale School & Surrey Town Hall Restoration - Gibraltar Construction |url=https://gibraltar.ca/portfolio/old-anniedale-school-surrey-town-hall-restoration/ |access-date=2025-02-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Higher education ===
Surrey's local higher education needs are met by the two major research universities in the neighbouring municipalities of the [[Metro Vancouver|Vancouver Metropolitan Area]], the [[University of British Columbia]] and [[Simon Fraser University]]. In addition to several career, community, and junior colleges that offer [[Vocational school|vocational]] and [[Institute of technology|polytechnic]] education throughout the city, [[trade school|trades]] and [[technical school|technical career education]] is mainly provided by [[College (Canada)|colleges]] such as [[Kwantlen Polytechnic University]] in the Cloverdale and Newton area and by the [[British Columbia Institute of Technology]] in the neighbouring municipality of Burnaby.

Surrey is home to the third satellite campus of [[Simon Fraser University]], the SFU Surrey Campus, which opened its doors in 2002, acting as a satellite campus operating as a public research university as well as providing further impetus for shaping the city. SFU took over the space and programming that was initially built for [[Technical University of British Columbia|TechBC]], a technical university proposed for south of the [[Fraser River]] by the [[British Columbia New Democratic Party|NDP]] provincial government of the 1990s. SFU Surrey offers a number of programs, including TechOne and Explorations; first-year cohort options; and studies in Health Science, Applied Sciences, Natural Sciences, Liberal Arts, Business Administration, and Interactive Arts and Technology.

On November 28, 2022, Premier [[David Eby]] announced plans to launch a new medical school at Simon Fraser University's Surrey campus by September 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2022 |title=New medical school at SFU's Surrey campus to train next generation of doctors: Premier |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/new-bc-medical-school-simon-fraser-university |website=Vancouver Sun}}</ref> Eby announced a provincial earmark of $4.9{{Nbsp}}million in start-up financing to support the potential opening.<ref name="Vancouver Sun-2022">{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2022 |title=New medical school at SFU's Surrey campus to train next generation of doctors: Premier |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/new-bc-medical-school-simon-fraser-university |website=Vancouver Sun |access-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-date=November 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129012715/https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/new-bc-medical-school-simon-fraser-university |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Simpson-2022">{{Cite web |last=Simpson |first=Beau |date=November 28, 2022 |title=Promised new SFU Surrey medical school to be ready by 2026, B.C. announces |url=https://www.terracestandard.com/news/promised-new-sfu-surrey-medical-school-to-be-ready-by-2026-b-c-announces/ |website=Terrace Standard |access-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423214544/https://www.terracestandard.com/news/promised-new-sfu-surrey-medical-school-to-be-ready-by-2026-b-c-announces/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The inauguration of the school in 2026 will mark the planned opening of Western Canada's first new medical school in 55 years.<ref name="Vancouver Sun-2022"/><ref name="Simpson-2022"/>

Surrey is also the home of [[Kwantlen Polytechnic University]], an undergraduate polytechnic university that opened its doors in the [[Newton Town Centre]] of Surrey in 1981 as a response to the growing need for expanded vocational training across the Fraser Valley. In 2008, Kwantlen Polytechnic University was conferred a university designation from the BC provincial government, upgrading itself from a community college to an official academic teaching institution that has become renowned in applied research.<ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Surrey education |url=http://www.surrey.ca/files/Education_Sector_Profile_Brochure__LORES.pdf |access-date=February 14, 2015 |publisher=City of Surrey |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924112044/http://www.surrey.ca/files/Education_Sector_Profile_Brochure__LORES.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="canada.com">{{Cite news |date=April 22, 2008 |title=Kwantlen granted full university status |work=Surrey Now |publisher=CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc. |url=http://www.canada.com/surreynow/news/story.html?id=a327a555-2a5f-409b-98f0-0cb675c2b8a9&k=80441 |access-date=April 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101151135/http://www.canada.com/surreynow/news/story.html?id=a327a555-2a5f-409b-98f0-0cb675c2b8a9&k=80441 |archive-date=January 1, 2011}}</ref><ref name="leg.bc.ca">Queen's Printer, Victoria. [http://www.leg.bc.ca/38th4th/votes/progress-of-bills.htm Votes and Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305120024/http://www.leg.bc.ca/38th4th/votes/progress-of-bills.htm |date=March 5, 2012 }} 4th Session, 38th Parliament, May 29, 2008. Retrieved on: September 6, 2008</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=An Overview of B.C.'s Public Post-secondary Institutions |url=http://www.aved.gov.bc.ca/institutions/welcome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925032807/http://www.aved.gov.bc.ca/institutions/welcome.htm |archive-date=September 25, 2009 |access-date=August 17, 2017}}</ref> Since then, Kwantlen has expanded to various satellite campuses in [[Richmond, British Columbia|Richmond]], [[Langley, British Columbia (city)|Langley]], and as well as a trades and technology centre in the [[Cloverdale, Surrey|Cloverdale Town Centre]]. The Kwantlen Surrey campus offers university transfer, career-training and academic-upgrading programs with focuses on science, business, arts, and health, including a publicly accessible wellness centre, while the Cloverdale campus offers vocational training through apprenticeships, citations, certificates, and diplomas for skilled trades and technical careers.

In November 2021, the [[University of British Columbia]] announced plans to establish a location in Surrey just north of [[Surrey Memorial Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 2, 2021 |title=UBC expanding presence in Surrey with $70M land acquisition |work=UBC News |url=https://news.ubc.ca/2021/11/02/ubc-expanding-presence-in-surrey-with-70m-land-acquisition/ |access-date=April 14, 2022 |archive-date=July 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702011259/https://news.ubc.ca/2021/11/02/ubc-expanding-presence-in-surrey-with-70m-land-acquisition/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Besides Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey is also home to numerous community and junior colleges providing [[vocational education]], including [[Brighton College (Canada)|Brighton College]], [[Sprott Shaw College]], [[PACE Canada College]], Pacific Link College, [[CDI College]], Western Community College, Sterling College, Stenberg College, Academy of Learning, Surrey Community College, Discovery Community College and [[Vancouver Career College]].

== Notable people ==

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Carolyn Arends]], singer-songwriter and author
* [[Karan Aujla]], singer, songwriter and rapper
* [[Arshdeep Bains]], professional hockey player
* [[Harry Bains]], politician
* [[Nuvraj Bassi]], professional football player
* [[Jagrup Brar]], politician
* [[Jean-Luc Bilodeau]], actor
* [[Margaret Bridgman]], politician
* [[Lisa Brokop]], singer
* [[Laurent Brossoit]], professional hockey goaltender
* [[Chuck Cadman]], politician
* [[Dona Cadman]], Member of Parliament and widow of Chuck Cadman
* [[Gulzar Singh Cheema]], physician and politician
* [[Eleanor Collins]], jazz singer, TV host and civic leader
* [[Ryan D'Arcy]], neuroscientist researcher
* [[Narima dela Cruz]], politician
* [[Baltej Singh Dhillon]], first [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] officer allowed to wear a turban
* [[Ranj Dhaliwal]], author
* [[Sukh Dhaliwal]], politician
* [[Brenden Dillon]], professional hockey player
* [[Emmalyn Estrada]], singer, songwriter, actress and sister of Elise Estrada
* [[Elise Estrada]], singer, songwriter, actress and sister of Emmalyn Estrada
* [[Kevin Falcon]], politician
* [[Peter Fassbender]], politician
* [[Colin Fraser (ice hockey)|Colin Fraser]], professional ice hockey player
* [[Curtis Fraser]], professional ice hockey player
* [[Gurmant Grewal]], politician
* [[Nina Grewal]], politician
* [[Scott Hannan]], professional hockey player
* [[Dave Hayer]], politician
* [[Kamal Heer]], Punjabi singer
* [[Russ Hiebert]], politician
* [[Jacob Hoggard]], lead singer of [[Hedley (band)|Hedley]]
* [[Britt Irvin]], actress, singer, voice-over artist
* [[Daniel Igali]], 2000 Olympic gold medalist for freestyle wrestling
* [[Mark Janssens]], professional hockey player
* [[Tristan Jarry]], professional hockey goaltender
* [[Jujhar Khaira]], professional hockey player
* [[Sydney Leroux]], professional soccer player<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sydney Leroux Biography |url=http://www.uclabruins.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=30500&ATCLID=207924914 |access-date=March 25, 2016 |website=uclabruins.com |archive-date=May 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530025429/http://www.uclabruins.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=30500&ATCLID=207924914 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Adam Loewen]], former professional baseball player
* [[Harbhajan Mann]], Punjabi singer
* [[Alen Marcina]], professional soccer player and coach
* [[Laura Mennell]], actress
* [[Merkules]], rapper Cole Stevenson
* [[Tyler Joe Miller]], [[country music|country]] singer, songwriter, and humanitarian
* [[Victoria Moors]], gymnast at the [[2012 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Gary Nylund]], professional hockey player
* [[Shallon Olsen]], Olympic artistic gymnast
* [[Missy Peregrym]], actress and former fashion model
* [[Penny Priddy]], politician
* [[Michael Rasmussen (ice hockey)|Michael Rasmussen]], NHL player for the [[Detroit Red Wings]]
* [[Paul Rodgers]], vocalist with [[Free (band)|Free]] and [[Bad Company]]
* [[Gordon Rice]], artist
* [[Jasbir Sandhu]], politician
* [[Linus Sebastian]], videographer, founder and chief vision officer of [[Linus Media Group]]
* [[Geroy Simon]], professional football player
* [[Jinny Sims]], politician
* [[Lauren Southern]], internet personality, writer, and political activist
* [[Tony Stevens (Canadian singer)|Tony Stevens]], [[country music|country]] singer and songwriter
* [[Kalib Starnes]], professional mixed martial artist
* [[Heather Stilwell]], politician and activist
* [[John Tenta]], professional wrestler nicknamed "Earthquake"
* [[Aaron Voros]], professional hockey player
* [[Chris and Patrick Vörös]], professional wrestlers and social media personalities<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/tanyachen/da-vinki-tik-tok-meme-twins-are-in-on-the-joke |title=The TikTok Twins Who Went Viral For Saying "Da Vinki?!" Fully Understand You Think They're Dumb — And That's What They Wanted |last=Chen |first=Tanya |date=September 23, 2020 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 16, 2024 |archive-date=August 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813000942/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/tanyachen/da-vinki-tik-tok-meme-twins-are-in-on-the-joke |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Manmohan Waris]], Punjabi singer
* [[Joel Waterman]], soccer player<ref>{{cite web |title=Joel Waterman |url=https://canadasoccer.com/profile/?id=13480&teamId=2120 |website=[[Canadian Soccer Association]] |access-date=November 9, 2025}}</ref>
* [[Nolan Watson]], businessman, philanthropist, and humanitarian
* [[Dianne Watts]], politician; first female Mayor of Surrey
* [[Parker Wotherspoon]], professional ice hockey player
* [[Jessie Sunner]], politician{{Div col end}}

== Affiliated cities and municipalities ==

Surrey has two [[Sister City|sister cities]]:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country
! City
! Date
! {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| Japan
| [[Kōtō]]
| April 20, 1989
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/sistercity-jumelage.aspx?lang=eng |title=List of Canada-Japan Sister and Friendship Cities |first=Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada |last=Government of Canada |date=October 30, 2009 |website=www.canadainternational.gc.ca |accessdate=December 28, 2021 |archive-date=December 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218144829/https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/sistercity-jumelage.aspx?lang=eng |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| China
| [[Zhuhai]]
| July 8, 1987
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada China Twinning Relationships |url=https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/china-chine/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/twinning_relationships_relations_jumelage.aspx?lang=eng |website=www.canadainternational.gc.ca |accessdate=January 27, 2021 |archive-date=March 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320053151/http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/china-chine/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/twinning_relationships_relations_jumelage.aspx?lang=eng |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

Surrey also has six "friendship cities":<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 6, 2013 |title=Sister & Friendship Cities: The City of Surrey, British Columbia |url=http://surrey.ca/12562.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806001232/http://surrey.ca/12562.aspx |archive-date=August 6, 2013 |access-date=February 27, 2018}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country
! City
! Date
|-
| China
| [[Ningbo]]
| 1999
|-
| South Korea
| [[Dongjak District|Dongjak]]
| 2000
|-
| China
| [[Taicang]]
| 2004
|-
| India
| [[Ludhiana District|Ludhiana]]
| 2005
|-
| India
| [[Jalandhar]]
| 2005
|-
| China
| [[Jincheng]]
| 2006
|}

==See also==
* {{portal-inline|Pacific Northwest}}
*[[List of tallest buildings in Surrey, British Columbia|List of tallest buildings in Surrey]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* Sinoski, Kelly. "[https://vancouversun.com/technology/Surrey+secret+weapon/8069958/story.html The New Surrey: The city's not-so-secret weapon]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20151017001357/http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/Surrey+secret+weapon/8069958/story.html Archive]). ''[[Vancouver Sun]]''. March 9, 2013.

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Surrey (British Columbia)|Surrey}}

{{Geographic location
| NW = [[New Westminster]]
| North = [[Coquitlam]] / [[Port Coquitlam]] / [[Pitt Meadows]]
| NE = [[Metro Vancouver Electoral Area A|Electoral Area A]] ([[Barnston Island]])
| W = [[Delta, British Columbia|Delta]]
| Centre = Surrey
| E = [[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley District]] [[Langley, British Columbia (city)|Langley City]] [[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley District]]
| SW = ''[[Boundary Bay]]''
| South = [[White Rock, British Columbia|White Rock]] / [[Semiahmoo Indian Reserve|Semiahmoo IR]] / [[Blaine, Washington]] {{Flagicon|US}}
}}
{{Surrey, British Columbia}}
{{Subdivisions of British Columbia|city=yes}}
{{Greater Vancouver}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Surrey, British Columbia| ]]
[[Category:Cities in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Ethnic enclaves in Canada]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1879]]
[[Category:Populated places in Greater Vancouver]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Fraser River]]
[[Category:Sikh enclaves]]

Ratneshwar Mahadev temple

2026-03-28T17:32:26Z

Kanna chan:

{{Short description|Temple in India}}
{{confuse|Shree Ratneshwar Mahadev Temple, Karachi}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Ratneshwar Mahadev Mandir
| image = Matri-rin Temple in Varanasi.jpg
| alt = Ratneshwar Mahadev Temple
| caption = Ratneshwar Mahadev Temple
| map_type =
| map_caption = Temple location on [[Varanasi district]] map
| coordinates = {{coord|25.3119|83.01603|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| native_name =
| country = India
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]]
| location = [[Manikarnika Ghat]], Varanasi
| elevation_m = 25<ref name="Elevation">{{cite news|title=Elevation|publisher=Elevation finder|url=https://thelogicalindian.com/fact-check/ratneshwar-temple-leaning-tower-pisa-varanasi-lean-22847}}</ref>
| deity = [[Shiva]]
| facade_direction =
| temple_tank =
| tower =
| festivals = [[Mahashivratri]]
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 19th century based upon records, earlier by legend
| creator =
| website = 
}}
'''Ratneshwar Mahadev Mandir''' (also known as Matri-rin Mahadev, or ''Leaning temple of Varanasi'') is one of the most photographed [[Hindu temple]]s in the holy city of [[Varanasi]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. The temple, while apparently well-preserved, leans significantly towards the back side (north-west), and its [[garbhagriha]] is generally below the water much of the year, except for a few months during the summer. The Ratneshwar Mahadev Temple is situated at Manikarnika Ghat, Varanasi. The temple has developed a nine-degree slant.<ref>[https://www.bhaskar.com/news/up-var-ratneshwar-mahadev-mandir-looks-alike-leaning-tower-of-pisa-in-varanasi-5112299-pho.html पीसा की मीनार क तरह झुका हुआ है ये मंदिर, आज तक नहीं खुल पाया रहस्य dainikbhaskar.com, 14 September 2015]</ref><ref name="GSF">{{Cite web |date=2020-10-06 |title=Ratneshwar Mahadev - The Leaning Temple of Kashi |url=https://www.varanasiguru.com/ratneshwar-mahadev-temple/ |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=Varanasi Guru |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Architecture==
It was built by Aman Dev. The temple is elegantly constructed in the classical style with a [[Hindu temple architecture#Nagara (नागर) architecture|Nagara Shikhara]] and [[Samvarna]] [[mandapa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=iasmania |date=2016-01-12 |title=Temples Styles in North India (Nagara Style) Iasmania - Civil Services Preparation Online ! UPSC & IAS Study Material |url=https://iasmania.com/temples-styles-in-india/ |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=Iasmania - Civil Services Preparation Online ! UPSC & IAS Study Material |language=en-US}}</ref> The site of the temple is very unusual. Unlike all other temples in Varanasi on the banks of Ganga, the temple is built at a very low level. In fact, the water level can reach the shikhara part of the temple.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7uEV0Xpd54 Kashi Vishwanath JyotirLinga Temple Darshan in Varanasi - Part 1, at 8:28]</ref>

It is constructed at a very low spot; the builder must have known that its garbhagriha would be underwater for much of the year. In spite of much of the temple being underwater during most of the year, it is well preserved, except for the lean that can be noted in 20th century photos.

A number of online posts have falsely stated that the temple is 74 m high, however the actual height is estimated to be somewhere around 13 m <ref>[https://thelogicalindian.com/fact-check/ratneshwar-temple-leaning-tower-pisa-varanasi-lean-22847 Fact Check: Varanasi's Ratneshwar Temple Leans More Than Tower Of Pisa? - The Logical Indian]</ref>

==History==
The Temple is also known as Kashi Karvat (Kashi is the ancient name for Varanasi and karvat means leaning in Hindi). The actual time of construction is unknown.

[[James Prinsep]], who was an assay master at the [[Banaras Mint]] from 1820 to 1830,<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Prinsep {{!}} English antiquarian {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Prinsep |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> created a series of drawings, one of which includes the Ratneshwar Mahadev temple. He commented that when the temple entrance was underwater, the priest used to dive in the water to conduct worship.

Photographs from 1860s do not show the building leaning. Modern photographs show a lean of about nine degrees. The building is likely leaning due to waterlogged foundation.<ref name="GSF" />

A lightning strike in 2015 caused slight damage to some of the elements of the [[shikhara]].<ref name="GSF" />

=== Theory related to its origin ===
The priests claim that it was built by an unnamed servant of Raja [[Man Singh]] for his mother Ratna Bai about 500 years ago.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/leaning-temple-of-varanasi-beats-the-leaning-tower-of-pisa-this-is-how/as77548716.cms |title=Leaning Temple of Varanasi beats the Leaning Tower of Pisa, this is how {{!}} Times of India Travel |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815070710/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/leaning-temple-of-varanasi-beats-the-leaning-tower-of-pisa-this-is-how/as77548716.cms |archive-date=2020-08-15}} </ref> According to the revenue records, it was constructed from 1825 to 1830. However, according to Dr. Ratnesh Varma of District Cultural Committee, it was constructed by the [[Amethi Estate|Amethi]] royal family.<ref>[https://www.bhaskar.com/news/UP-VAR-myths-of-ratneshwar-mahadev-temple-varanasi-5274569-PHO.html किसके श्राप से टेढ़ा हुआ था यह मंदिर, भरा रहता है कीचड़, पढ़ें 5 MYTHS, dainikbhaskar.com | 14 March 2016]</ref>

Some sources claim that was built by Queen Baija Bai of Gwalior in the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.varanasiguru.com/ratneshwar-mahadev-temple/ | title=Ratneshwar Mahadev - the Leaning Temple of Kashi | date=6 October 2020 }}</ref> According to another story, it was built by a female servant of Ahilya Bai of Indore, named Ratna Bai. Ahilya Bai cursed it to lean because her servant had named it after herself.<ref name="GSF" />

==Location==
The temple in [[Manikarnika Ghat]] is located in front to the Tarkeshwar Mahadev Mandir<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-05 |title=Manikarnika Ghat - The Burning Ghat of Varanasi |url=https://www.varanasiguru.com/manikarnika-ghat/ |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=Varanasi Guru |language=en-US}}</ref> built in 1795 by Ahilyabai Holkar,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Manikarnika Ghat - Wikiversity |url=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/The_Varanasi_Heritage_Dossier/Manikarnika_Ghat |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=en.wikiversity.org |language=en}}</ref> where [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] is said to recite the Taraka Mantra (salvation mantra). Between the two temple is a spot that was termed as the holiest spot in Banaras by [[James Prinsep]] in 1832.<ref>{{Citation |last=Prinsep |first=James |title=English: "Benares, A Brahmin placing a garland on the holiest spot in the sacred city" - (aka: Varanasi) |date=2011-04-25 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benares_A_Brahmin_placing_a_garland_on_the_holiest_spot_in_the_sacred_city_by_James_Prinsep_1832.jpg |access-date=2022-05-21}}</ref> An 1865 photograph terms one of the temples as the Vishnupad temple. It is likely the Ganesh temple with the Charan Paduka of Lord Vishnu near it (only distinguished individuals can be cremated at the spot).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parry |first=Jonathan P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r10f4uwzcosC&dq=charan+paduka+manikarnika&pg=PA50 |title=Death in Banaras |date=1994-07-07 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-46625-7 |language=en}}</ref> The same spot is said to have been the site of a Sati in a 1903 print.<ref>{{Citation |last=Library |first=Boston Public |title=Local Accession Number: 06_11_003882 |date=2013-09-25 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22Suttee%22_pillar_where_Hindu_widows_were_burned,_Benares,_India_(14671460675).jpg |access-date=2022-05-21}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Munikurnuka Ghat Benares from the river by James Prinsep 1832.jpg|{{center|[[Manikarnika Ghat]] Benares from the river by James Prinsep, 1832. Tarakeshwar temple on the left.}}.
File:Benares A Brahmin placing a garland on the holiest spot in the sacred city by James Prinsep 1832.jpg|{{center|A Brahmin placing a garland on the holiest spot in the sacred city by James Prinsep 1832. Tarakeshwar temple on the left and Baba Mashan Nath temple in the center.}}.
File:Vishnu Pud and Other Temples near the Burning Gat, Benares, Photo by Samuel Bourne.jpg|{{center| Vishnu Pud and Other Temples near the Burning Gat, Benares. Acquired by King Edward VII when Prince of Wales, 1865. The ghats are apparently under construction.}}
File:"Suttee" pillar where Hindu widows were burned, Benares, India (14671460675).jpg|{{center|"Suttee" pillar, 1903 Stereograph}}.
File:Banaras, 1953 (9224068841).jpg|{{center|1953}}
File:Submerged Shiva temple 02.jpg|{{center|Submerged temple, 2011. Taken from an angle that does not show the lean.}}
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Hinduism|India
}}
* [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]]
* [[Shree Ratneshwar Mahadev Temple, Karachi]]
* [[Hindu temples in Varanasi]]
* [[Shree Kashi Karvat Mandir]]
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

{{Temples in Varanasi}}
{{Hindu Culture and Epics}}
{{Hindu temples in Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Varanasi]]

Sushil Koirala

2026-03-27T23:16:00Z

Kanna chan: cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Short description|Prime Minister of Nepal from 2014 to 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Sushil Prasad Koirala
| native_name = {{nobold|सुशील प्रसाद कोइराला}}
| image = The Prime Minister of Nepal, Mr. Sushil Koirala, on the sidelines of the third Summit of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), at Nay Pyi Taw.jpg
| caption = Koirala in 2014
| office = [[Prime Minister of Nepal]]
| term_start = 11 February 2014
| term_end = 11 October 2015
| president = [[Ram Baran Yadav]]
| deputy = [[Bam Dev Gautam]] [[Prakash Man Singh]]
| predecessor = [[Khil Raj Regmi]] {{small|(Interim)}}
| successor = [[K. P. Sharma Oli]]
| office1 = [[Leader of the Opposition (Nepal)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| term_start1 = 11 October 2015
| term_end1 = 9 February 2016
| prime_minister1 = K. P. Sharma Oli
| predecessor1 = [[Pushpa Kamal Dahal]]
| successor1 = [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]
| office2 = 6th President of the [[Nepali Congress]]
| term_start2 = 22 September 2010
| term_end2 = 9 February 2016
| predecessor2 = [[Girija Prasad Koirala]]
| successor2 = Sher Bahadur Deuba
| office3 = Member of the [[2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assembly / Legislature Parliament]]
| term_start3 = 21 January 2014
| term_end3 = 9 February 2016
| predecessor3 = [[Sarbadev Ojha]]
| successor3 = [[Nanda Lal Roka Chhetri]] {{small|(as Member of [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|Parliament]])}}
| constituency3 = [[Banke 3 (constituency)|Banke 3]]
| office4 = [[Pratinidhi Sabha|Member of Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha]]
| term_start4 = 28 April 2006
| term_end4 = 18 January 2008
| predecessor4 = ''Himself'' (2002)
| successor4 = [[Mohammad Ishtiyaq Rayi]] {{small|(as Member of the [[1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assembly]])}}
| constituency4 = [[Banke 2]]
| term_start5 = 23 June 1999
| term_end5 = 22 May 2002
| predecessor5 = Shanti SJB Rana
| successor5 = ''Himself'' (2006)
| constituency5 = [[Banke 2]]
| term_start6 = 20 June 1991
| term_end6 = 11 July 1994
| predecessor6 = ''Constituency created''
| successor6 = Shanti SJB Rana
| constituency6 = [[Banke 2]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1939|08|12|}}
| birth_place = [[Biratnagar]], [[Kingdom of Nepal]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2016|02|09|1939|08|12|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
| party = [[Nepali Congress]]
| parents = Bodh Prasad Koirala {{small|(father)}} Kumudini Koirala {{small|(mother)}}
| nickname = ''Sushil Da'' {{small|({{Langx|ne|सुशील दा}})}}
}}

'''Sushil Prasad Koirala''' ({{Langx|ne|सुशीलप्रसाद कोइराला}}; 12 August 1939 – 9 February 2016) was a [[Nepalis|Nepalese]] politician and the [[Prime Minister of Nepal]] from 11 February 2014 to 10 October 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Koirala elected new PM|url=http://ekantipur.com/2014/02/10/top-story/koirala-elected-new-pm/385172.html|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|access-date=10 February 2016|archive-date=2 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302040505/http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/02/10/top-story/koirala-elected-new-pm/385172.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was also President of the [[Nepali Congress]] from 2010 to 2016, having earlier served in various capacities in the party.<ref name="Resume">{{cite web|title=Personal Resume|url=http://www.nepalicongressoffice.org.np/Bio-data/Sushil%20Koirala.htm|publisher=[[Nepali Congress]]|access-date=10 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321163024/http://www.nepalicongressoffice.org.np/Bio-data/Sushil%20Koirala.htm|archive-date=21 March 2012}}</ref>

==Early life==
Koirala was born to Bodh Prasad and Kumudini Koirala on 12 August 1939 in [[Biratnagar]], the second-largest city of Nepal.<ref name=Resume/> A member of the politically prominent [[Koirala family]], he was the cousin (his mother was the sister of [[Krishna Prasad Koirala]]'s wife) brother of former prime ministers [[Matrika Prasad Koirala]], [[B. P. Koirala|Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]] and [[Girija Prasad Koirala]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Parashar|first1=Utpal|title=Nepali Congress looks at future without a Koirala at its helm|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/nepali-congress-looks-at-future-without-a-koirala-at-its-helm/story-n2uXKRofDi6fHDmN0hKnKN.html|access-date=10 February 2016|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=9 February 2016}}</ref>

==Political career==
Koirala entered politics in 1954 inspired by the social-democratic ideals of the [[Nepali Congress]]. In 1958, he keenly participated in ''Bhadra Abagya Aandalon'' (Civil Disobedience Movement) launched by the Nepali Congress. In 1959, he actively involved himself in the party's objective of carrying out the democratic elections. The election saw [[B. P. Koirala|Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]] become the first elected prime minister of the country. However, [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra]] planned and executed a coup in December 1960 and expelled the elected government led by B.P. Koirala. This resulted in the exile of several members of the [[Nepali Congress]] to India, which included Sushil Koirala. He remained in political exile in India for 16 years following the [[1960 Nepal coup d'état|royal takeover]] of 1960. Koirala also spent three years in Indian prisons for his involvement in [[1973 Nepal plane hijack|a plane hijacking in 1973]].<ref name=kath/> While in exile, Koirala was the editor of ''Tarun'' in [[Varanasi]], the official party publication. He has been a member of the Central Working Committee of the party since 1979 and was appointed General Secretary of the party in 1996 and Vice President in 1998.{{fact|date=September 2024}}

In 2001, he lost the leadership ballot for Nepali Congress' parliamentary party to former prime minister [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]. Koirala was appointed acting president of the party in 2008 by president [[Girija Prasad Koirala]]. The [[12th General Convention of the Nepali Congress|12th general convention]] of the Nepali Congress, on 22 September 2010, elected him party president.<ref name=kath>{{cite news|last1=Bhattarai|first1=Kamal Dev|title=ADIOS SUSHIL DA (1939-2016)|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2016-02-10/adios-sushil-da-1939-2016.html|access-date=10 February 2016|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|date=10 February 2016}}</ref>

The Nepali Congress emerged as the largest party in the [[2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|2013 Constituent Assembly elections]] under Koirala's leadership. He was elected leader of the Congress' parliamentary party securing 105 out of 194 votes against former prime minister Deuba's 89 votes, and on 10 February 2014, he was nominated as prime minister by the [[2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly|constituent assembly]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Koirala elected as NC PP leader|url=http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=68598|access-date=26 January 2014|newspaper=[[República (Nepalese newspaper)|My Republica]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ghimire|first=Binod|title=For PMship, Koirala to be PP leader first|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/01/03/top-story/for-pmship-koirala-to-be-pp-leader-first/383325.html|access-date=7 January 2014|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|date=3 January 2014}}</ref> During his tenure as prime minister, his government was criticized for its slow aid response to the [[April 2015 Nepal earthquake]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Subramanian|first1=Samanth|title=Anger rises in Nepal over government's response to earthquake|url=http://www.thenational.ae/world/south-asia/anger-rises-in-nepal-over-governments-response-to-earthquake|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502040142/http://www.thenational.ae/world/south-asia/anger-rises-in-nepal-over-governments-response-to-earthquake|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2015|access-date=10 February 2016|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|date=30 April 2015}}</ref> A historic agreement among the country's four major political parties was also made that year, which paved the way for the promulgation of [[Constitution of Nepal|a new constitution]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jha|first1=Prashant|title=Why Sushil Koirala leaves a contested legacy in Nepal|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/why-sushil-koirala-leaves-a-contested-legacy-in-nepal/story-vCtuo5VgrPapSCOcuIq3YM.html|access-date=10 February 2016|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=9 February 2016}}</ref> Due his major role, he is also known as the "Father of the Constitution" Honouring a pledge to stand down as prime minister once the new constitution came into effect, Koirala resigned on 10 October 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/nepal-pm-koirala-resigns-pm-seeks-election-151010160207623.html|title=Nepal's Koirala resigns as PM and seeks re-election|access-date=10 February 2016|work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> He sought re-election but was defeated by [[K. P. Sharma Oli]], leader of Congress' former coalition partners, the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)|CPN (UML)]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Communist party leader elected as Nepal's new prime minister|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/11/nepal-communist-party-leader-elected-new-prime-minister-khadga-prasad-oli|access-date=10 February 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

==Electoral history==
Koirala was elected to the [[Pratinidhi Sabha]] from the [[Banke 2 (constituency)|Banke–2]] constituency in [[1991 Nepalese general election|1991]] and [[1999 Nepalese general election|1999]], while he was defeated in [[1994 Nepalese general election|1994]]. He lost in the [[2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|2008 Constituent Assembly election]] from [[Banke 3 (constituency)|Banke–3]], finishing third behind the candidates of the MJFN and the UCPN (Maoist).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.election.gov.np/reports/CAResults/reportBody.php?selectedMenu=Constituency%20Wise%20Top%203%20Candidate%28English%29&rand=1315196378|title=Ca Election report}}</ref> He contested and won from both Banke–3 and Chitwan–4 in the [[2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|2013 Constituent Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ca Election report|url=http://election.gov.np/CA2070/CAResults/reportBody.php?selectedMenu=5&rand=1384967216|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402152402/http://election.gov.np/CA2070/CAResults/reportBody.php?selectedMenu=5&rand=1384967216|archive-date=2015-04-02}}</ref> He later relinquished the Chitwan–4 seat and represented Banke–3 in the [[2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly|2nd Constituent Assembly]].<ref>{{cite news|date=5 February 2014|title=Top leaders give up seats from Chitwan, Kailali, Kathmandu|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/02/05/top-story/top-leaders-give-up-seats-from-chitwan-kailali-kathmandu/384951.html|access-date=5 February 2014}}</ref>

Only the top two candidates are shown below.

'''<big>1991 Pratinidhi Sabha Election</big>'''

'''Banke–2'''<ref>{{Cite web| title=1991 election constituency results | url=https://nepalresearch.org/politics/background/elections_old/election_1991_constituency_results_english.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722052218/http://nepalresearch.org/politics/background/elections_old/election_1991_constituency_results_english.pdf | archive-date=2011-07-22}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !! Candidate !! Votes !! Status
|-
| [[Nepali Congress]]|| Sushil Koirala || 14,409 || Elected
|-
|[[Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)|CPN (UML)]]
|–
|5,926
|Lost
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Result'''|| colspan="2" bgcolor="#d0f0c0" | Congress '''win'''
|}

'''<big>1994 Pratinidhi Sabha Election</big>'''

'''Banke–2'''<ref name="Top Two">{{cite web|url=http://www.election.gov.np/EN/toptwo.html|title=Finalised Constituencies With Top Two Candidates|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305180248/http://www.election.gov.np/EN/toptwo.html|archive-date=2008-03-05}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !! Candidate !! Votes !! Status
|-
|[[Rastriya Prajatantra Party|RPP]]|| Shanti Shamsher Rana || 15,711 || Elected
|-
| Congress|| Sushil Koirala || 10,222 || Lost
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Result'''|| colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffcccb" | RPP '''gain''' from Congress
|}

'''<big>1999 Pratinidhi Sabha Election</big>'''

'''Banke–2'''<ref name="Top Two" />

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !! Candidate !! Votes !! Status
|-
| Congress|| Sushil Koirala || 15,256 || Elected
|-
| [[Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) (1998)|CPN (ML)]]|| Rijwan Ahammad Sah || 6,185 ||Lost
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Result'''|| colspan="2" bgcolor="#d0f0c0" | Congress '''gain''' from RPP
|}

'''<big>2008 Constituent Assembly Election</big>'''

'''Banke–3'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.election.gov.np/reports/CAResults/reportBody.php?selectedMenu=Constituency%20Wise%20Top%203%20Candidate%28English%29&rand=1315247220|title=Ca Election report}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !! Candidate !! Votes !! Status
|-
| [[Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal|MJF – Nepal]] || Sarbadev Prasad Ojha || 14,900 || Elected
|-
|[[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)|UCPN (Maoist)]]|| Parma Nanda Kurmi || 6,970 ||Lost
|-
| Congress || Sushil Koirala || 5,969 ||Lost
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Result'''|| colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffcccb" | MJFN '''gain''' from Congress
|}

'''<big>2013 Constituent Assembly Elections</big>'''

'''Banke–3'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !! Candidate !! Votes !! Status
|-
| Congress || Sushil Koirala || 10,753 || Elected
|-
| [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal|RPP – Nepal]]|| Dhawal Shumsher Rana || 8,809 ||Lost
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Result'''|| colspan="2" bgcolor="#d0f0c0" | Congress '''gain''' from MJFN
|}

'''Chitwan–4'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !! Candidate !! Votes !! Status
|-
| Congress || Sushil Koirala || 20,760 || Elected
|-
| UCPN (Maoist)|| Chitra Bahadur Shrestha || 10,739 ||Lost
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Result'''|| colspan="2" bgcolor="#d0f0c0" | Congress '''gain''' from UCPN(M)
|}
'''<big>2015 Parliamentary Prime Minister Election</big>'''
{| class="wikitable"
!Party
!Candidate
!Votes
!Status
|-
|CPN (UML)
|KP Sharma Oli
|338
|Elected
|-
|Congress
|Sushil Koirala
|249
|Lost
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Result'''|| colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffcccb" | CPN (UML) '''gain''' from Congress
|}

==Personal life==
Koirala remained unmarried throughout his life and was known to live a simple life.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sushil shifts to GPK's apartment|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2010/04/06/capital/sushil-shifts-to-gpks-apartment/311853.html|access-date=10 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722140241/http://www.ekantipur.com/2010/04/06/capital/sushil-shifts-to-gpks-apartment/311853.html|archive-date=22 July 2015}}</ref> He was fondly known among his friends and supporters as '<nowiki/>''Sushil daa'''. Although Koirala was believed to have completed formal education with an Intermediate of Commerce (I. Comm.) degree from a college in India according to his sister-in-law, he refuted those claims and maintained to have only received informal education.

=== Illness and death ===
A heavy smoker, Koirala was diagnosed with [[tongue cancer]] in 2006 and [[lung cancer]] in June 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal PM Sushil Koirala has lung cancer|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-28038866|access-date=10 February 2016}}</ref> He died on 10 February 2016 at 12:50 AM of [[pneumonia]] in [[Kathmandu]], at the age of 76.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ex-PM Sushil Koirala passes away|url=http://myrepublica.com/feature-article/story/36678/sushil-koirala-passes-away.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215234857/http://myrepublica.com/feature-article/story/36678/sushil-koirala-passes-away.html|archive-date=15 February 2016|access-date=10 February 2016|newspaper=[[República (Nepalese newspaper)|My Republica]]}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last1=Koirala |first1=Sushil |title=Nepal's Foreign Policy: From Expediency to Pragmatism |date=2017 |publisher=B.P. Koirala Memorial Trust|editor=Dinesh Bhattarai}}

==See also==
*[[Sushil Koirala Memorial Foundation]]
*[[Koirala cabinet, 2013]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Girija Prasad Koirala]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Nepali Congress]]|years=22 September 2010 – 9 February 2016}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Khil Raj Regmi]] {{small|Acting}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Prime Ministers of Nepal|Prime Minister of Nepal]]|years=11 February 2014 – 10 October 2015}}
{{s-aft|after=[[KP Sharma Oli]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mohammed Nasheed]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Host leader of the [[18th SAARC summit|SAARC summit]]|years=26–27 November 2014}}
{{s-aft|after=TBA}}
{{s-end}}

{{Prime Ministers of Nepal}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koirala, Sushil}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Nepal]]
[[Category:Nepali Congress politicians from Lumbini Province]]
[[Category:People from Biratnagar]]
[[Category:Koirala family|S]]
[[Category:Nepalese Hindus]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Nepal]]
[[Category:Deaths from lung cancer in Nepal]]
[[Category:Nepal MPs 1991–1994]]
[[Category:Nepal MPs 1999–2002]]
[[Category:Members of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly]]
[[Category:Ministers of defence of Nepal]]
[[Category:Nepalese expatriates in India]]
[[Category:Nepalese exiles]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of India]]
[[Category:Politicians from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition (Nepal)]]
[[Category:21st-century prime ministers of Nepal]]

Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act, 1947

2026-03-25T18:51:53Z

Kanna chan:

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox legislation
|short_title = Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act, 1947
|legislature = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Council|Madras Legislative Council]]
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagealt =
|caption =
|long_title =
|citation =
|territorial_extent = [[South India]]
|enacted_by = [[Madras Presidency]]
|date_enacted = 9 October 1947
|date_passed =
|enacted_by2 =
|date_enacted2 =
|date_passed2 =
|date_assented =
|royal_assent =
|date_signed =
|date_commenced =
|date_of_expiry =
|date_repealed =
|administered_by =
|bill = Devadasi Abolition Bill
|bill_citation =
|bill_date =
|introduced_by = [[O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar]], [[Muthulakshmi Reddi]]
|1st_reading =
|2nd_reading =
|3rd_reading =
|conf_committee_passed =
|bill2 =
|bill_citation2 =
|bill_date2 =
|introduced_by2 =
|1st_reading2 =
|2nd_reading2 =
|3rd_reading2 =
|conf_committee_passed2 =
|date_conf_committee =
|white_paper =
|committee_report =
|amendments =
|repeals =
|related_legislation = 1956 Madras Anti-Devadasi Act
|summary = Gave [[devadasi]]s the [[Marriage law|legal right to marry]] and made it illegal to dedicate girls to [[Hindu temple]]s
|keywords = Devadasi, [[prostitution in India]]
|status = in force
}}
The '''Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act, 1947''' (also called the '''Tamil Nadu Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act, 1947''' or the '''Madras Devadasi Act, 1947''') is a law that was enacted on 9 October 1947 just after [[Independence Day (India)|India became independent from British rule]].<ref>{{Cite book|page=264|title=Woman, Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation|author=B. S. Chandrababu|author2=L. Thilagavathi|publisher=Bharathi Puthakalayam|year=2009|isbn=978-8189909970}}</ref> The law was passed in the [[Madras Presidency]] and gave [[devadasi]]s the [[Marriage law|legal right to marry]] and made it illegal to dedicate girls to [[Hindu temple]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|page=21|title=Immoral Traffic: Prostitution in India|author=V. Sithannan|year=2006|publisher=JEYWIN Publications|isbn=978-8190597500}}</ref> The [[Bill (law)|bill]] that became this [[Act (document)|act]] was the '''Devadasi Abolition Bill'''.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|author=Parvathi Menon|title=Ideals, Images and Real Lives: Women in Literature and History|editor1=Alice Thorner |editor2=Maithreyi Krishnaraj|year=2000|volume=18|issue=16|url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1816/18160740.htm|accessdate=27 May 2013}}</ref>

[[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]] was part in passing the Devadasi Abolition Bill but, owing to strong protests from devadasis across Madras Presidency, he suggested that the bill be introduced only as a [[private bill]] and not a [[public bill]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Political Behaviour of Women in Tamil Nadu|author=Vadivelu Rajalakshmi|year=1985|publisher=Inter-India Publications|isbn=978-8121000208}}</ref>

[[Muthulakshmi Reddi]] proposed the bill to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Council|Madras Legislative Council]] as early as 1930 but was passed on only during the Premiership of [[O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar]] (a.k.a. Omandur Reddy's Congress led government) on 9 October 1947.<ref>{{Cite book|page=173|title=Butting Out: Reading Resistive Choreographies Through Works by Jawole Willa Jo Zollar and Chandralekha|author=Ananya Chatterjea|author-link=Ananya Chatterjea|publisher=[[Wesleyan University Press]]|year=2004|isbn=978-0819567338}}</ref>

Some devadasis objected to the bill because they considered themselves [[Sophistication|sophisticated]] and [[Learning|learned]] artists rather than prostitutes.<ref>{{Cite book|page=100|author=Moovalur A. Ramamrithammal|chapter=Lobbying for Devadasi Abolition: From Artiste to Prostitute|title=The Other Half of the Coconut: Women Writing Self-respect History|publisher=[[Zubaan]]|year=2003|isbn=978-8186706503 | editor= K. Srilata}}</ref> The Madras Devadasi Act was not as strict as subsequent related laws.<ref>{{Cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/westernsociologi00mada/page/351 351]|title=Western Sociologists on Indian Society: Marx, Spencer, Wever, Durkheim, Pareto|author=Gurmukh R. Madan|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|year=1979|isbn=978-0710087829|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/westernsociologi00mada/page/351}}</ref> Because the Madras Devadasi Act was specific to devadasis, prostitution continued in [[South India]], particularly along the coast in [[Andhra Pradesh]], until the Madras Anti-Devadasi Act was passed on 14 August 1956.<ref>{{Cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/unfinishedgestur00sone/page/n124 110]|title=Unfinished Gestures: Devadasis, Memory, and Modernity in South India|url=https://archive.org/details/unfinishedgestur00sone|url-access=limited|author=Davesh Soneji|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|year=2012|isbn=978-0226768090}}</ref> The Madras Devadasi Act is one of several laws passed in the [[presidencies and provinces of British India]] and the subsequent [[states and territories of India]] that made prostitution illegal, including the 1934 Bombay Devadasi Protection Act, the 1957 Bombay Protection (Extension) Act, and the 1988 Andhra Pradesh Devadasi (Prohibition of Dedication) Act.<ref>{{Cite book|page=97|title=Promoting Women's Rights As Human Rights|publisher=United Nations|year=1999|isbn=978-9211200034}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Prostitution in India]]
[[Category:Madras Presidency]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu state legislation]]
[[Category:Indian criminal law]]
[[Category:Sex laws in India]]
[[Category:Sex crimes in India]]
[[Category:Human rights abuses in India]]
[[Category:Indian family law]]
[[Category:Women's rights legislation]]
[[Category:1947 controversies]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1947 in Indian law]]
[[Category:1947 in women's history]]
[[Category:History of women in India]]

Sanctuary Falls

2026-03-25T11:35:35Z

Kanna chan: started!

{{short description|Waterfall in Nagaland, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox waterfall
| name = ''Sanctuary Falls''
| photo =
| photo_caption =
| location = [[Khonoma]], [[Kohima district|Kohima District]], [[Nagaland]], India
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.591771|94.013271|display=inline,title|type:waterbody_region:IN|format=dms}}
| watercourse = Dzüko River
| type =
| height =
| number_drops =
| average_flow_rate =
}}

The '''Sanctuary Falls''' are a waterfall located in [[Khonoma]] in the Indian state of [[Nagaland]]. It lies within the [[Khonoma Nature Conservation and Tragopan Sanctuary]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://morungexpress.com/from-meetings-to-melodies-nagaland-tourism-policy-charts-diverse-development-path|title=FROM MEETINGS TO MELODIES: Nagaland Tourism Policy charts diverse development path|date=14 April 2024|newspaper=[[The Morung Express]]|access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/bodies-of-drowned-students-retrieved|title=Bodies of drowned students retrieved|date=30 December 2014|newspaper=[[Eastern Mirror]]|access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref>

== Location ==
Sanctuary Falls is situated along the borders between Nagaland and [[Manipur]].

== See also ==
* [[List of waterfalls]]
* [[List of waterfalls in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Hydrography of North-east India}}
{{North East India}}
{{Nagaland}}

[[Category:Waterfalls of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Geography of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Nagaland]]

{{Nagaland-geo-stub}}

Pottikku Potti

2026-03-25T10:39:57Z

Kanna chan: post

{{Short description|Indian reality television show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| native_name = {{Infobox name module|போட்டிக்கு போட்டி நீங்கள் தயாரா?}}
| image =
| genre = {{Plainlist|
* Reality
* [[Game show]]
}}
| starring =
| presenter = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bhavana Balakrishnan]]
}}
| judges = {{plainlist|
* [[Baba Bhaskar]]
* [[Sridhar (choreographer)|Sridhar]]
* [[Kala (choreographer)|Kala]]}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 33
| location = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| runtime = approx.42-45 minutes per episode
| company =
| network = [[Colors Tamil]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2022|4|3}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2022|7|24}}
| voices =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| related =
}}

'''Pottikku Potti.. R U Ready ???''' (போட்டிக்கு போட்டி நீங்கள் தயாரா?) is a 2022 Indian-[[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language reality television show, which premiered on 3 April 2022 and broadcast on [[Colors Tamil]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://businessnewsthisweek.com/entertainment/colors-tamil-launches-an-enthralling-new-non-fiction-game-show-pottikku-potti-r-u-ready/|title=Colors Tamil launches an enthralling new non-fiction game show Pottikku Potti: R U Ready|website=businessnewsthisweek.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/04/colors-tamil-launches-new-non-fiction-game-show-pottikku-potti-r-u-ready|title=Colors Tamil launches new non-fiction game show 'Pottikku Potti: R U Ready??'|website=bestmediainfo.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/regional/colors-tamil-announces-reality-game-show-pottikku-potti-220331|title=Colors Tamil has announced the premiere of its new reality game show "Pottikku Potti: R U Ready?"|website=indiantelevision.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adgully.com/colors-tamil-launches-new-game-show-pottikku-potti-r-u-ready-115891.html|title=Colors Tamil launches new game show Pottikku Potti: R U Ready??|website=www.adgully.com|language=en}}</ref> [[Baba Bhaskar]], [[Sridhar (choreographer)|Sridhar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-colors-tamil-reality-show-pottiku-potti-choreographer-sridhar-master-will-be-seen-playing-the-role-of-super-audience-768195.html|title=கலர்ஸ் தமிழின் 'போட்டிக்கு போட்டி' ... நடுவராக இணைந்த ஸ்ரீதர் மாஸ்டர்!|website=tamil.news18.com|date=7 July 2022 |language=ta}}</ref> and [[Kala (choreographer)|Kala]] as the judges,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-choreographer-kala-master-to-judge-for-colors-tamil-reality-show-pottiku-potti-selv-ghta-745457.html|title='போட்டிக்கு போட்டி' நிகழ்ச்சிக்கு நடுவர் இவரா.? கலர்ஸ் தமிழ் ரசிகர்கள் உற்சாகம்.!|website=tamil.news18.com|date=16 May 2022 |language=ta}}</ref> television host [[Bhavana Balakrishnan]] as the hosts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.searcharoundweb.com/article/entertainment/tamil-tv-show-colors-new-game-show--2344|title=போட்டிக்கு போட்டி: R U Ready? கலர்ஸ் தமிழில் ஒரு கலகலப்பான கேம் ஷோ! |website=www.searcharoundweb.com|language=ta}}</ref>

The show aired from 3 April 2022,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-tamils-new-reality-game-show-pottikku-potti-r-u-ready-premieres-on-3rd-april/|title=Colors Tamil's new reality game show 'Pottikku Potti: R U Ready??' premieres on 3rd April|website=www.medianews4u.com|date=31 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/reality-show-pottiku-potti-to-premiere-on-april-3/articleshow/90565513.cms|title=Reality show 'Pottiku Potti' to premiere on April 3|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=31 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> on Sunday at 19:00, and from 9 April, aired every Saturday and Sunday aired at 20:00 and ended with 33 episodes on 24 July 2022 and available for streaming in selected markets on [[Voot]]. The First Season was won by [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|the Valli Thirumanam]] Series Team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-colors-tamil-pottikku-potti-grand-finale-pottikku-potti-r-u-ready-game-show-title-winner-valli-thirumanam-serial-crew-778118.html|title=கலர்ஸ் தமிழின் போட்டிக்குப் போட்டி.. இறுதிச் சுற்றில் வெற்றிவாகை சூடியது யார் தெரியுமா?|website=tamil.news18.com|date=28 July 2022 |language=ta}}</ref>

==Overview==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Season
! style="padding: 0 8px" rowspan="2" | Episodes
! colspan="2" | Original Broadcast
! rowspan="2" |Winner
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px" | First Aired
! style="padding: 0 8px" | Last Aired
|-
|style="background:#FBF373"|
|align="center"| '''[[Pottikku Potti#Season 1|1]]'''
|align="center"| 33
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2022|4|3}}
|{{end date|df=yes|2022|7|24}}
|style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]
|-
|}

==Judges and hosts==
===Judges===
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
!scope="col" style ="background: #FF0000;"style="background: #FF7F00 ;color:black" colspan="2" |season
!scope="col" style ="background: #4da6ff;"style="background: #FF7F00 ;color:black"| Judges
!scope="col" style ="background: #4da6ff;"style="background: #FF7F00 ;color:black"| Notes
!scope="col" style ="background: #4da6ff;"style="background: #FF7F00 ;color:black"| Episodes
|-
| style="background: #FBF373"|
|rowspan="3" |1
|[[Baba Bhaskar]]
|Indian dance choreographer, director, and actor who works mainly in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] language films in addition to some Hindi, Malayalam, Kannada films.
| 1-25
|-
| style="background: #FBF373"|
|[[Kala (choreographer)|Kala]]
|Indian choreographer. She is the director of the Indian reality dance talent show, [[Maanada Mayilada]] – where she is one of the three judges.
| 12–33
|-
| style="background: #FBF373"|
|[[Sridhar (choreographer)|Sridhar]]
|Indian [[choreographer]] who has worked in across India's several regional film industries.
| 26–33
|-
|}

===Host===
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
!scope="col" style ="background: #FF0000;"style="background: #FF7F00 ;color:black" colspan="2" |season
!scope="col" style ="background: #4da6ff;"style="background: #FF7F00 ;color:black"| Judges
!scope="col" style ="background: #4da6ff;"style="background: #FF7F00 ;color:black"| Notes
!scope="col" style ="background: #4da6ff;"style="background: #FF7F00 ;color:black"| Episodes
|-
| style="background: #FBF373"|
|1
|[[Bhavana Balakrishnan]]
|Indian television anchor, cricket commentator, video jockey, playback singer and dancer.
| 1-33
|-
|}

==Episodes==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!scope="col" style ="background: #4da6ff;"style="background: #FF7F00 ;color:black"| Episodes
!scope="col" style ="background: #4da6ff;"style="background: #FF7F00 ;color:black"| Airing
!scope="col" style ="background: #FF0000;"style="background: #FF7F00 ;color:black" colspan="2" | Team
!scope="col" style ="background: #4da6ff;"style="background: #FF7F00 ;color:black"| Round
|-
| 1
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|4|3}}
| colspan="2" style= | The Grand Launch
|
|-
| 2
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|4|9}}
| Sillunu Oru Kaadhal
| [[Idhayathai Thirudathe]]
|
|-
| 3
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|4|10}}
| [[Meera (2022 TV series)|Meera]]
| [[Idhu Solla Marandha Kadhai]]
|
|-
| 4
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|4|16}}
| [[Amman (TV series)|Amman 3]]
| [[Namma Madurai Sisters]]
|
|-
| 5
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|4|17}}
| [[Abhi Tailor]]
| [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]
|
|-
| 6
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|4|23}}
| Sillunu Oru Kaadhal
| [[Abhi Tailor]]
|
|-
| 7
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|4|24}}
| [[Idhu Solla Marandha Kadhai]]
| [[Amman (TV series)|Amman 3]]
|
|-
| 8
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|4|30}}
| [[Idhayathai Thirudathe]]
| [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]
|
|-
| 9
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|5|1}}
| [[Idhu Solla Marandha Kadhai]]
| [[Namma Madurai Sisters]]
|
|-
| 10
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|5|7}}
| Sillunu Oru Kaadhal
| [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]
|
|-
| 11
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|4|17}}
| [[Meera (2022 TV series)|Meera]]
| [[Namma Madurai Sisters]]
|
|-
| 12
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|5|14}}
| [[Idhayathai Thirudathe]]
| [[Abhi Tailor]]
|
|-
| 13
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|5|14}}
| [[Meera (2022 TV series)|Meera]]
| [[Amman (TV series)|Amman 3]]
|
|-
| 14
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|5|21}}
| [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]
| [[Idhu Solla Marandha Kadhai]]
|
|-
| 15
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|5|22}}
| Sillunu Oru Kaadhal
| [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]
| super six round with a Party celebration theme
|-
| 16
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|5|28}}
| [[Meera (2022 TV series)|Meera]]
| [[Idhu Solla Marandha Kadhai]]
| A tour around the city of Chennai
|-
| 17
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|5|29}}
| Sillunu Oru Kaadhal
| [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]
| Political round
|-
| 18
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|6|4}}
| [[Meera (2022 TV series)|Meera]]
| Sillunu Oru Kaadhal
| The haunted episode
|-
| 19
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|6|5}}
| [[Idhu Solla Marandha Kadhai]]
| [[Namma Madurai Sisters]]
| Meeting of Dons
|-
| 20
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|6|11}}
| Sillunu Oru Kaadhal
| [[Namma Madurai Sisters]]
| exciting theme of Cinema.
|-
| 21
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|6|12}}
| Sillunu Oru Kaadhal
| [[Idhu Solla Marandha Kadhai]]
| Into the woods
|-
| 22
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|6|18}}
| [[Abhi Tailor]]
| [[Idhu Solla Marandha Kadhai]]
| Back to school
|-
| 23
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|6|19}}
| [[Abhi Tailor]]
| [[Namma Madurai Sisters]]
| Dad is my superhero
|-
| 24
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|6|25}}
| [[Abhi Tailor]]
| [[Meera (2022 TV series)|Meera]]
| I love sports!
|-
| 25
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|6|26}}
| [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]
| [[Abhi Tailor]]
| Po Po mall is Hi-jacked!
|-
| 26
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|7|2}}
| [[Namma Madurai Sisters]]
| [[Meera (2022 TV series)|Meera]]
| The haunted episode
|-
| 27
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|7|3}}
| [[Namma Madurai Sisters]]
| [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]
| Let's go to the beach
|-
| 28
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|7|9}}
| [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]
| [[Meera (2022 TV series)|Meera]]
| Race to the semi-finals
|-
| 29
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|7|10}}
| [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]
| [[Abhi Tailor]]
| The semi-finals
|-
| 30
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|7|16}}
| [[Namma Madurai Sisters]]
| [[Idhu Solla Marandha Kadhai]]
|
|-
| 31
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|7|17}}
| [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]
| [[Namma Madurai Sisters]]
|
|-
| 32
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|7|23}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Abhi Tailor]]
| Grand Finale
|-
| 33
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|7|24}}
| '''Winner''': [[Valli Thirumanam (TV series)|Valli Thirumanam]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apnnews.com/team-valli-thirumanam-win-the-grand-finale-of-colors-tamil-popular-non-fiction-show-pottikku-potti/|title=Team Valli Thirumanam win the grand finale of Colors Tamil popular non fiction show Pottikku Potti|website=www.apnnews.com|date=27 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.voot.com/shows/pottikku-potti-r-u-ready/226085|Pottikku Potti}}

{{Colors Tamil shows}}

[[Category:Colors Tamil original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language game shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language reality television series]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Abul Fazl

2026-03-23T08:54:07Z

Kanna chan: started basic post first draft

{{short description|Mughal grand vizier from 1579 to 1602}}
{{other uses|Abu'l-Faḍl (disambiguation)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Abul Fazl
| image = Abul Fazl cropped.png
| alt =
| caption = Portrait of Abul Fazl by [[Govardhan (artist)|Govardhan]], {{circa|1602–1605}}.
| birth_date = {{birth date|1551|1|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Agra]], [[Mughal Empire]] (modern-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1602|8|22|1551|1|14|df=y}}
| relations = [[Faizi]] (brother)
| office = [[List of Mughal grand viziers|Grand Vizier]] of the [[Mughal Empire]]
| death_place = near [[Narwar]], [[Malwa Subah]], Mughal Empire (modern-day [[Madhya Pradesh]], India)
| death_cause = Assassination
|module={{Infobox person | embed = yes
| notable_works ={{unbulleted list
|''[[Akbarnama]]''|''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]''|''Ruqaʿāt''|''Inshā-i-Abu'l Fazl''| Persian translation of the [[Bible]]|
}}
}}
| term_start = 1579
| term_end = 22 August 1602
| monarch = [[Akbar I]]
| predecessor = Muzaffar Khan Turbati<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC&dq=no+vakil+appointed+from+1579&pg=PA136 |author= Satish Chandra |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part – II |date=2005 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |page= 136|isbn= 9788124110669 }}</ref>
| successor = Sharif Khan
}}

'''Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak''' (14 January 1551 – 22 August 1602), also known as '''Abul Fazl''', '''Abu'l Fadl''' and '''Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami''',<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Abu al-Faḍl ʿAllāmī |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |date=10 January 2021 |access-date=18 January 2021 |url= https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abu-al-Fadl-Allami }}</ref> was an Indian writer, historian, and politician who served as the [[grand vizier]] of the [[Mughal Empire]] from his appointment in 1579, until his death in 1602.<ref>{{cite book |author= [[Alfred J. Andrea]], James H. Overfield | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJsx7eQ0rwAC&q=1579+abul+fazl+chief+advisor |page= 476 |title= The Human Record: To 1700 | year=1998 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin | isbn=9780395870877 |quote= Abul Fazl(1551-1602), the emperor's chief advisor and confidant from 1579 until Abul Fazl's assassination at the instigation of Prince Salim, the future Emperor Jahangir(r. 1605-1627)}}</ref> His notable works include the ''[[Akbarnama]]'', ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]],'' and a [[Persian language|Persian]] translation of the [[Bible]].<ref name="abu">[http://persian.packhum.org/persian/bio?anum=0007 Abu al Fazl Biography and Works] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207061715/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/bio?anum=0007 |date=7 February 2009 }} persian.packhum.org.</ref>

Abul Fazl is often referred to as one of the [[Navaratnas#Akbar's Navaratnas|Nine Jewels]] ({{langx|hi-Latn|Navaratnas}}) of Akbar's royal court and the brother of [[Faizi]], the poet laureate of Emperor Akbar.

==Ancestors==
Shaikh Abul Fazl ibn Mubarak was born in [[Agra]] in 1551, the son of [[Sheikh|Shaikh]] Mubarak. Mubarak was born in [[Nagaur]] but had moved to Agra in 1543. His own father, Fazl's grandfather, Shaikh Khizr, had moved from [[Sind]] to Nagaur in the 15th–16th century, Nagaur had attained importance as a [[Sufi–Salafi relations|Sufi]] mystic centre under Shaikh Hamid-ud-din Sufi Sawali, a [[Tariqa#Khalif|khalifa]] of Shaikh [[Moinuddin Chishti|Muin-ud-din]] [[Chisti]] of [[Ajmer]]. At Nagaur, Shaikh Khizr settled near the tomb of Shaikh Hamid-ud-din. Fazl's ancestors hailed from [[Yemen]] and traced their lineage to Shaikh Musa, who had emigrated to Sind some six generations earlier.<ref>{{Encyclopaedia Islamica |last1=Fekrat |first1=Mohammad Asef |translator=Simin Rahimi |article=Abū al-Faḍl ʿAllāmī |url=https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/ISLO/COM-0058.xml |doi=10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0058 |date=17 June 2021}} "Abū al-Faḍl ʿAllāmī (958–1011/1551–1602) was a Persian-speaking historian, man of letters, thinker, and grand vizier to Akbar (q.v.), the Mughal emperor of India. His ancestors came from Yemen, and some six generations earlier, his forebear Shaykh Mūsā had emigrated to Sind. In the 10th/15th–16th century, his grandfather, Shaykh Khiḍr, moved from Sind to Nagaur in Gujarat, where his son Shaykh Mubārak (911–995/1505–1587), Abū al-Faḍl's father, was born. In 1543 Shaykh Mubārak went to live in Āgra..." </ref>

===Shaikh Mubarak Nagori===
[[File:ABU'L FAZL IBN MUBARAK (D. 1602 AD) AKBARNAMA.jpg|thumb|Abu'l Fazl ibn Mubarak and Akbar (D. 1602 AD)|left]]
Abul Fazl's father, Shaikh Mubarak<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.stetson.edu/secure/history/hy10430/badaoni.html |title=Al-Badaoni. Emperor Akbar |publisher=stetson.edu |access-date=8 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205201624/https://www2.stetson.edu/secure/history/hy10430/badaoni.html |archive-date=5 December 2013 }}</ref> was born in 1506 at Nagaur. Soon after Abul Fazl's birth, Khizr travelled to Sind to bring other members of his family to Nagaur but he died on the way. Khizr's death and a famine and [[Plague (disease)|plague]] that ravaged Nagaur caused great hardship to the destitute Mubarak and his mother. Despite these hardships, Mubarak's mother arranged a good education for him. One of Mubarak's earliest teachers was Shaikh Attan, who was known for his piety.<ref>{{cite book |page=225 |author=Ghausi, Shattari |title=Gulzar-i-Abrar (Rotograph of MS in British Museum) |publisher=Department of History |location=Aligarh}}</ref> Another important teacher who influenced Shaikh Mubarak was Shaikh Fayyazi, a disciple of [[Khwaja Ahrar|Khwaja Ubaidullah Ahrar]].<ref name=Jarrett/>{{rp|v.III; 420}} Later he went to [[Ahmedabad]] and studied under Shaikh Abu'l Fazl Gazruni<ref name=Azra>{{cite book |author=Azra, Alvi |title=Socio Religious Outlook of Abul Fazl |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-210-40543-7 |publisher=Vanguard Books |location=Lahore, Pakistan}}</ref>{{rp|6}} (who adopted him as a son), Shaikh Umar and Shaikh Yusuf.

Yusuf advised Mubarak to go to [[Agra]] and set up a [[madrasah]] there. Mubarak reached Agra in April 1543 and on the suggestion of Shaikh Alawal Balawal<ref>{{cite book |pages=280–81 |author=Muhaddis, Dehlavi Shaikh Abdul Haqq |title=Akhbar-ul-Akhyar}}</ref> set up his residence at [[Charbagh]], which was built by [[Babur]] on the left bank of the [[Yamuna]]. Mir Rafi'ud-din Safavi of Inju ([[Shiraz]]) lived close by and Mubarak married a near relative of his. Mubarak established his madrash in Agra, where his special field of instruction was philosophy, and he attracted a number of scholars to his lectures, such as [['Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni|Mulla Abdul Qadir Badauni]]. He also spent some time in Badaun, the holy land of Sufism.

The Orthodox group of Ulama criticised Mubarak and accused him of changing his views.<ref>{{cite book |page=74 |author=Badauni, Mulla Abdul Qadir |title=Muntakhab-ul-Twarikh |volume=III |publisher= |isbn= }}</ref> Khwaja Ubaidullah, who was brought up in the house of Shaikh Mubarak's daughter, was of the opinion that Mubarak's views changed with the change in the political climate and he adopted the religious attitudes of rulers and nobles of those days out of expediency. For example, he was a [[Sunni]] during the reign of [[Ibrahim Lodi|Sultan Ibrahim Lodi]], became a [[Naqshbandi]] during the [[Suri dynasty|Sur]] period, was a [[Mahdavia]] during the reign of [[Humayun]] and a protagonist of [[Din-i Ilahi|liberal thought]] under [[Akbar]].<ref name=Azra/>{{rp|17}}

==Biography==
[[File:AbulFazlPresentingAkbarnama.jpg|thumb|Abu'l-Fazl presenting ''[[Akbarnama]]'' to [[Akbar]]]]
Shaikh Mubarak's first son, the poet [[Faizi|Abu'l Faiz]] and his second son Abu'l Fazl were born in Agra.<ref name=Blochmann/>{{rp|xxv–lix}} Abul Fazl's education began with [[Arabic]]<ref>Fazl, Abul: ''Akbar Namah Vol II'', p. 376.</ref> and by the age of five he could read and write. His father started teaching him about all the branches of Islamic sciences (''manqulat'') but Abul Fazl could not adhere to conventional learning and he sank in a state of mental depression.<ref name=Jarrett/>{{rp|v.II; 277}} A friend rescued him from this state and he resumed his studies. Some incidents from his early life reflect on his brilliance. A dictionary of Ishafani, which had been eaten by white ants came under his observation. He removed the parts that had been eaten and joined blank paper to the rest. He discovered the beginning and end of each fragment and eventually penned a draft text. Subsequently, the entire work was discovered and on comparison to Abul Fazl's draft the original differed in only two or three places.<ref name=Blochmann/>{{rp|xxxiv}}

He came to Akbar's court in 1575 and was influential in Akbar's religious views becoming more liberal into the 1580s and 1590s. In 1599, Abu’l Fazl was given his first office in the [[Deccan]], where he was recognized for his ability as a military commander, leading the Mughal imperial army in its wars against the [[Deccan Sultanates]].

Akbar also records witnessing the passage of the [[Great Comet of 1577]].<ref name="comet1577">{{cite journal |title=Abū'l Faẓl, independent discoverer of the Great Comet of 1577 |journal=Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=249–260 |last=Kapoor |first=R. C. |bibcode=2015JAHH...18..249K |year=2015 |doi=10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2015.03.03 |s2cid=209912868 }}</ref>

===Abul Fazl's own account of his first twenty years===
The following is the Abul Fazl's own account of his first twenty years from the ''A'in-i-Akbari'':<ref>{{Cite book|last=BK.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/556992222|title=Aan den Heere J.H. v. d. Palm, by den pokaal van gelukwensching met den door hem ontvangen' gouden' eerprys, op de maaltyd van 't Haagsche Kunstgenootschap. (Kniedicht.) [Signed: Bk., i.e. W. Bilderdijk.].|date=1784|oclc=556992222}}</ref><ref name=Jarrett>{{cite book |author='Allami, Abu'l-Fazl |title=A'in-I Akbari (3 vols.) |translator=H. S. Jarrett |year=1898 |number=Book 5 |chapter=Chapter 14: An Account of the Author |isbn= }}</ref>{{rp|v.III; 478–524}}
<blockquote>As I have now recounted somewhat of my ancestors, I proceed to say a few words regarding myself and thus unburden my mind, to refresh this narrative and loosen the bonds of my tongue. In the year 473 of the Jalali era, corresponding to the night of Sunday, the 6th of Muharram 958 of the lunar reckoning (14 January 1551), my pure spirit joined to this elemental body came forth from the womb into this fair expanse of the world. At a little over one year I had the miraculous gift of fluent speech and at five years of age I had acquired an unusual stock of information and could both read and write. At the age of seven I became the treasurer of my father's stores of knowledge and a trusty keeper of the jewels of hidden meaning and as a serpent, guarded the treasure. And it was strange that by a freak of fortune my heart was disinclined, my will ever averse, and my disposition repugnant to conventional learning and the ordinary courses of instruction. Generally I could not understand them. My father in his way conjured with the spell of knowledge and taught me a little of every branch of science, and although my intelligence grew, I gained no deep impressions from the school of learning. Sometimes I understood nothing at all, at others doubts suggested themselves which my tongue was incapable of explaining. Either shame made me hesitate or I had not the power of expression. I used to weep in public and put all the blame upon myself. In this state of things I came into fellowship of mind with a congenial helper and my spirit recovered from that ignorance and incomprehension. Not many days had elapsed before his conversation and society induced me to go to college and there they restored to rest my bewildered and dissipated mind and by the wondrous working of destiny they took me away and brought another back.

:The temple as I entered, drew they nigh
:And brought their gift, a wine-cup brimming high.
:Its strength snatched all my senses, self from self,
:Wherein some other entered and not I.

The truths of philosophy and the subtleties of the schools now appeared plain, and a book which I had never before seen gave me a clearer insight than any thing I could read. Although I had a special gift which came down upon me from the throne of holiness, yet the inspirations of my venerable father and his making me commit to memory the essential elements of every branch of science, together with the unbroken continuity of this chain, were of immense help, and became one of the most important causes of my enlightenment. For ten years longer I made no distinction between night and day, teaching and learning, and recognised no difference between satiety and hunger, nor discriminated between privacy and society, nor had I the power to dissever pain from pleasure. I acknowledged nothing else but the bond of demonstration and the tie of knowledge. Those who had a regard for my constitution, from seeing that two and sometimes three days passed without my taking food, and that my studious spirit had no inclination therefore, were amazed, and stood out strongly against it. I answered that my withdrawal, was now a matter of habit and custom, and how was it that no one was astonished when the natural inclination of a sick man on an attack of illness was averse from food. If therefore my love of study induced forgetfulness, where was the wonder? Most of the current arguments of the schools, frequently misquoted and misunderstood when heard, and abstruse questions from ancient works, had been presented to the fresh tablet of my mind. Before these points had been elucidated and the attribution to me of extreme ignorance had passed to that of transcendent knowledge, I had taken objection to ancient writers, and men learning my youth, dissented, and my mind was troubled and my inexperienced heart was in agitation. Once in the early part of my career they brought the gloss of Khwajah Abu'l Qasim, on the Mutawwal. All that I had stated before learned doctors and divines of which some of my friends had taken notes, was there found, and those present were astounded and withdrew their dissent, and began to regard me with other eyes and to raise the wicket of misunderstanding and to open the gate of comprehension. In my early days of study, the gloss of Isfahani more than half of which had been eaten by white ants, came under my observation. The public being in despair at profiting by it, I removed the parts that had been eaten and joined blank paper to the rest. In the serene hours of morning, with a little reflection, I discovered the beginnings and endings of each fragment and conjecturally penned a draft text which I transcribed on the paper. In the meanwhile the entire work was discovered, and when both were compared, in two or three places only were there found differences of words, though synonymous in meaning; and in three or four others, (differing) citations but approximate in sense. All were astounded.

The more my will was engaged, the more my mind was illumined. At the age of twenty the good tidings of my independence reached me. My mind cast off its former bonds and my early bewilderment recurred. With a parade of much learning, the intoxication of youth effervescing, the skirts of pretension spread wide, and the world-displaying cup of wisdom in my hand, the ringings of delirium began to sound in my ears, and suggested a total withdrawal from the world. Meanwhile, the wise prince-regnant called me to mind and drew me from my obscurity, somewhat of which I have in its entirety and somewhat but approximately suggested and acknowledged. Here my coin has been tested and its full weight passed into currency. Men now view me with a different regard, and many effusive speeches have been made amid felicitous congratulations evoked.

On this day which is the last of the 42nd year of His Majesty's reign (A.D. 1598), my spirit again breaks away from its yoke and a new solicitude arises within me.

:My songster heart knows not King David's strains:
:Let it go free—'tis no bird for a cage.

I know not how it will all end nor in what resting-place my last journey will have to be made, but from the beginning of my existence until now the grace of God has continuously kept me under its protection. It is my firm hope that my last moments may be spent in doing His will and that I may pass unburdened to eternal rest.</blockquote>

==Works==
[[File:Court of Akbar from Akbarnama.jpg|thumb|The court of [[Akbar]], an illustration from a manuscript of the [[Akbarnama]]]]

===The Akbarnama===
{{Main|Akbarnama}}
[[File:Jamal al-Din Husayn Inju Shirazi - Single Leaf from Akbarnama by Abu Fazl - Walters W874.jpg|thumb|manuscript of the [[Akbarnama]] originally written by Abul Fazl. This was later pasted on the [[Farhang-i Jahangiri]].]]
The Akbarnama is a document of history of [[Akbar]]'s reign and his ancestors spread over three volumes. It contains the history of Akbar's ancestors from Timur to Humayun, Akbar's reign up to the 46th regnal year (1602), and an administrative report of Akbar's empire, the [[Ain-e-Akbari|Ain-i-Akbari]], which itself is in three volumes. The third volume of Ain-i-Akbari gives an account of the ancestry and life of the author. The Ain-i-Akbari was completed in the 42nd regnal year, but a slight addition was made to it in the 43rd regnal year on the account of the conquest of Berar.<ref name=Blochmann/>{{rp|liii}}<ref name=Majumdar/>{{rp|5-6}}

===Ruqaʿāt===
The Ruqaʿāt or the Ruqaʿāt-i-Abu'l Fazl is a collection of private letters from Abū al-Fażl to Murad, [[Prince Daniyal|Daniyal]], Akbar, Mariam Makani, Salim (Jahangir), Akbar's queens and daughters, his father, mother and brothers and several other notable contemporaries<ref name=Majumdar/>{{rp|5-6}} compiled by his nephew Nūr al-Dīn Muḥammad.

===Inshā-i-Abu'l Fazl===
The Inshā-i-Abu'l Fazl or the Maqtubāt-i-Allami contains the official despatches written by Abu'l Fazl. It is divided into two parts. The first part contains Akbar's letters to [[Abdullah Khan II|Abdullah Khan Uzbeg]] of [[Turan]], [[Abbas I of Persia|Shah Abbas]] of Persia, [[Raja Ali Khan]] of [[Khandesh]], Burhan-ul-Mulk of [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmadnagar]] and his own nobles such as [[Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan|Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan]]. The second part consists Abu'l Fazl's letters to Akbar, Daniyal, Mirza Shah Rukh and Khan Khanan.<ref name=Majumdar/>{{rp|5-6}} This collection was compiled by [[Abd al-Samad|Abd-us-samad]], son of Afzal Muhammad, who claims that he was Abu'l Fazl's sister's son as well as his son-in-law.<ref name=Blochmann/>{{rp|liii}}

== Governance and sovereignty ==
Abul Fazl in the political sphere was concerned with social stability. In his Ain-i-Akbari, he presented a theory of sovereignty promised on social contract.

His divine theory of 'Padshahat', present the concept of royalty. According to him 'Padshahat' meant 'an established owner' where 'Pad' stands for stability and 'shah' stands for owner. Padshah therefore is the established owner who cannot be eliminated by anyone. According to Abul Fazl, Padshah has been sent by God, who works as an agent of God for the welfare of his subjects and maintains peace and harmony in his empire.

With respect to sovereignty, Abul Fazl considered it to be present in nature. The king established his sovereignty through his absolute power, he had the final authority in governance, administration, agriculture, education and other fields. According to Abul Fazl, it was impossible to challenge the king and nobody could share his power.<ref name=Roy>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Himanshu |title=Indian Political Thought themes and thinkers |publisher=Pearson |year=2020 |isbn=978-93-325-8733-5 }}</ref>{{rp|130}}

=== Sulh-I-Kul or the doctrine of peace ===
Abul Fazl said that sovereignty was not restricted to a particular faith. As the king was considered an agent of God, he cannot discriminate among various faiths present in society and in case the king discriminates on the basis of caste, religion or class then he would not be considered a just king.<ref name=Roy/>{{rp|130}}

Sovereignty was not linked to any particular faith. Abul Fazl promoted the good values of different religions and assembled them for the maintenance of peace. He provided relief to people by making them free from bound thoughts. He also justified the views of Akbar by presenting him as a rational ruler.<ref name=Roy/>{{rp|131}}

== Death ==
Abu'l Fazl was assassinated in 1602 while he was returning from the Deccan by [[Vir Singh Bundela]] (who later became the ruler of [[Orchha]]) between Sarai Vir and Antri (near [[Narwar]]) in a plot contrived by Akbar's eldest son [[Prince Salim]] (who later became the Emperor [[Jahangir]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=Abū 'l-faẓl 'allāmī |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/abu-l-fazl-allami_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ |website=[[Treccani]] |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019PHO0000050S2U00134000 |title=Orchha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207053923/http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019PHO0000050S2U00134000 |archive-date=7 February 2009 |publisher=[[British Library]] |date= |access-date= }}</ref> because Abu'l Fazl was known to oppose the accession of Prince Salim to the throne. His severed head was sent to Salim at [[Allahabad]]. Abu'l Fazl was buried at [[Antri]].<ref name=Blochmann>{{cite book |author=Allami, Abu'l-Fazl |translator=[[Heinrich Blochmann|Blochmann, H.]] |orig-year=1927 |year=1993 |edition=reprint |title=The Ain-I Akbari |volume=I |publisher=The Asiatic Society |location=Calcutta |isbn= }}</ref>{{rp|lxviii–lxix }}<ref name=Majumdar>{{cite book |author=Majumdar, R. C. |year=2007 |title=The Mughul Empire |location=Mumbai |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |isbn= }}</ref>{{rp|167}} Abu'l Fazl's son Shaikh Afzal Khan (29 December 1571 – 1613) was later appointed governor of Bihar in 1608 by Jahangir.<ref name=Blochmann/>{{rp|lviii–lix}}

The [[Abul Fazl Shrine]] is a shrine and mosque, located in [[Kabul]], Afghanistan, that was completed in {{circa|2010}} and named in his honour.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Rizvi, Saiyid Athar Abbas. ''Religious and Intellectual History of the Muslims in Akbar's Reign: With Special Reference to Abu'l Fazl''. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1975.
* ''The History of [[Akbar]], Volume 1'' (the [[Akbarnama]]), by Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, edited and translated by [[Wheeler M. Thackston]], [[Murty Classical Library of India]], [[Harvard University Press]] (January 2015), hardcover, 656 pages, {{ISBN|9780674427754}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090207061715/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/bio?anum=0007 Biography and Works of Abu'l-Fazl – English Translation] at ''Persian Institute'' (archived 7 February 2009)
* {{cite book | author = Abū al-Fazl ibn Mubārak | author2 = Henry Blochmann | url = https://archive.org/details/aniakbar00blocgoog/page/n44 | title = The Aín i Akbarí | language = hi | via = [[Internet Archive|archive.org]]| pages = 487 | volume = 2 | publisher = Asiatic Society of Bengal | year = 1887}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abul Fazl}}
[[Category:Nobility from the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:1551 births]]
[[Category:1602 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Historians from the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Indian people of Yemeni descent]]
[[Category:16th-century Persian-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Akbar]]
[[Category:Indian political philosophers]]
[[Category:Textile historians]]
[[Category:16th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:People from Agra]]

Omi Vaidya

2026-03-21T00:21:58Z

Kanna chan:

{{Short description|American actor (born 1982)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Omi Vaidya
| image = Omi Vaidya 1.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Vaidya in 2011
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|01|10|mf=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Yucca Valley|Yucca Valley, California]], United States
| alma_mater = {{flatlist|
* [[University of California, Santa Cruz]]
* [[New York University|Tisch School of Arts, New York University]]
}}
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor]]|[[film director]]|[[film editor]]|[[writer]]|[[television presenter]]}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Minal Patel|2009}}<ref>{{Cite web |last = Parkar |first = Shaheen |title = Wife's Chatur, too! |work = MiD-DAY.com |publisher = [[MiD DAY]] |date = January 11, 2010 |url = http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2010/jan/110110-3-Idiots-Omi-Vaidya-Chatur-Ramalingam.htm |access-date = January 18, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130514133520/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2010/jan/110110-3-Idiots-Omi-Vaidya-Chatur-Ramalingam.htm |archive-date = May 14, 2013 |url-status = live }}</ref>
| yearsactive = 2003–present
| children = 3
| known_for = ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009)
| website =
| signature =
}}

'''Omi Vaidya''' (born January 10, 1982) is an American actor in [[Hindi cinema]]. He is best known for his performance as Chatur Ramalingam or "Silencer" in the 2009 comedy-drama film, ''[[3 Idiots]]''.<ref name=interview/> In addition, Vaidya has played roles on ''[[The Office (U.S. TV series)|The Office]]'' and ''[[Arrested Development (TV series)|Arrested Development]]''. Omi has directed many short films and worked as a feature film editor. He has also appeared in a number of commercials and works as a producer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/features/2009/omi-vaidya-idiot-281209.html |title=Omi Vaidya: The 4th Idiot |date=December 28, 2009 |publisher=Oneindia |access-date=December 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407081650/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/features/2009/omi-vaidya-idiot-281209.html |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Background==
Vaidya was raised in Joshua Tree in [[Yucca Valley, California]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.criticalmassfilmhouse.com/interviews/omivaidya.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015203101/http://www.criticalmassfilmhouse.com/interviews/omivaidya.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 15, 2008 |title=CMFH Interviews – Omi Vaidya |publisher=criticalmassfilmhouse.com }}</ref> He graduated from the [[Los Angeles County High School for the Arts]] and later attended the [[University of California, Santa Cruz]] for two years. He then transferred to the [[Tisch School of the Arts]] at [[New York University]] and graduated with honors.<ref name=interview>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dont-typecast-me-Omi/articleshow/5394164.cms |title=Don't typecast me: Omi |access-date=July 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102024859/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-31/news-interviews/28092252_1_omi-chatur-ramalingam-hindi-classes |archive-date=November 2, 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=December 31, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Vaidya commented on his background in an interview:

{{blockquote|I live in Los Angeles, USA. That's where I grew up, but every year we used to come to India. My native place in India is Goa and I also did visit Mumbai quite often during my growing up days. I started acting when I was about six in Marathi mandal nataks and some English plays in the US. I learned more about acting in high school and that's when I became really serious about films as a career. I went to NYU film school and learned the ropes of filmmaking, editing, acting, etc. I learned the technical language used on the sets. After graduating in honors from NYU, I went back to Los Angeles and began auditioning for roles in T.V. serials and films.<ref>[http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2010/01/16/5851/ "I don't want to play another Chatur" – Omi Vaidya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202030549/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2010/01/16/5851/ |date=February 2, 2010 }}</ref>}}

==Career==
After college, Vaidya began to work as an editor for horror and South Asian feature films. He continued to act as well and received small roles in television programs and commercials. After receiving a small role in ''[[Arrested Development (TV series)|Arrested Development]]'', he was asked to audition for the role of [[List of characters from The Office (US T.V. series)#Sadiq|Sadiq]] for ''[[The Office (U.S. TV series)|The Office]]'' by the same casting director. He portrayed Sadiq in two episodes: "[[E-mail Surveillance]]" and "[[Fun Run]]." He was also seen in ''[[Bones (TV series)|Bones]]''.

===''3 Idiots''===
Vaidya's most notable performance is in a supporting role in the 2009 [[Bollywood]] film, ''[[3 Idiots]]'' as Chatur Ramalingam (or "The Silencer"). He received strong reviews for his performance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/printpage.php?id=107739&section_id=8 |title=Masand's Movie Review: 3 Idiots, satisfying not best |publisher=IBM Live |access-date=December 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231173950/http://ibnlive.in.com/printpage.php?id=107739&section_id=8 |archive-date=December 31, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kolkatamirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=10&contentid=20091225200912251642507296efb952&sectxslt=&pageno=1 |title=Review: 4 Idiots |publisher=Kolkata Mirror |access-date=December 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206002233/http://kolkatamirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=10&contentid=20091225200912251642507296efb952&sectxslt=&pageno=1 |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Vaidya auditioned for the role of Chatur while on a trip to [[Mumbai]]. After passing the first audition, he was asked during the second to read dialogue from ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]''. Vaidya states that he "just rattled it off without exactly understanding the words, almost like the speech scene in ''3 Idiots''." After being signed for the part of Chatur, he was told not to study Hindi, not to watch Hindi films, and to gain weight.

Of his success in the film, Vaidya credits the atmosphere of the cast and crew stating that in Mumbai there is "a personal touch, unlike Hollywood. Even if they don't pay you by the hour and there is no extra time, there is warmth and care. I basically saw my Bollywood innings as a challenge. A lot of credit also goes to Raju and Abhijat Joshi for the way the character came across on screen."<ref name=interview/> He was also discouraged from providing interviews before the release. Vaidya states: "Before the film released, I asked director Rajkumar Hirani if I could give a couple of interviews. He stopped me saying nobody knew me and I should wait till the film is released. My role was a surprise they had planned for the audience."<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/idiot-on-the-roll/563346/ Idiot on the roll] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004221245/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/idiot-on-the-roll/563346/ |date=October 4, 2012 }}</ref> Vaidya later recalled that, "When I was at the premiere of ''3 Idiots,'' no one recognized me. I was a bit depressed but when it got over, it was difficult for me to even get out of the theater. I have been enamored by the love and appreciation I have received from the audience. Today, when I go out on streets, people come and shake hands with me. It feels nice."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/|title=NDTVMovies.com : Bollywood News, Reviews, Celebrity News, Hollywood news, Entertainment News, Videos & Photos|website=movies.ndtv.com|access-date=March 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190310153815/http://movies.ndtv.com/|archive-date=March 10, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

===''Big in Bollywood''===
''Big in Bollywood'' (2011) is a [[documentary film]] about American actor Omi Vaidya's journey from a struggling [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] actor to a successful Bollywood breakthrough with ''3 Idiots''. It was sold to Netflix and is now available on YouTube.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Heymont|first1=George|title=Big in Bollywood (That's What Friends Are For)|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/george-heymont/big-in-bollywood-movie_b_1122412.html|work=[[Huffington Post]]|date=December 1, 2011|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201084020/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/george-heymont/big-in-bollywood-movie_b_1122412.html|archive-date=December 1, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
'''2010 [[Screen Awards]]'''
*'''Won''': [[Screen Award for Best Comedian|Best Comedian]] – ''[[3 Idiots]]''
*'''Won''': [[Screen Award for Most Promising Newcomer – Male|Most Promising Newcomer – Male]] – ''[[3 Idiots]]''<ref>[http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2010/01/09/5835/index.html Winners for Nokia 16th Annual Star Screen Awards 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507081338/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2010/01/09/5835/index.html |date=May 7, 2010 }}</ref>
'''2010 [[IIFA Awards]]'''
*'''Nominated''': [[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance in a Comic Role]] – ''[[3 Idiots]]''
*'''Won''': [[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Male|Star Debut of the Year – Male]] – ''[[3 Idiots]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oceanofweb.com/bollywood/iifa-awards-2010-winners.html|title=IIFA Awards 2010 Winners|date=June 8, 2010|access-date=March 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829124242/http://www.oceanofweb.com/bollywood/iifa-awards-2010-winners.html|archive-date=August 29, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
'''2008 [[The Valley Film Festival]]'''
*'''Won''': Best Short Film – ''The Desert Rose''
'''2008 [[Port Townsend Film Festival]]'''
*'''Won''': Best Film with Diversity Theme – ''The Desert Rose''
'''2008 [[The Valley Film Festival]]'''
*'''Won''': Best Student Film – ''Out of Time''

==Selected filmography==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film!! Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
| 2007
|''[[Rolling (2007 film)|Rolling]]''|| Assar
|
|
|-
| 2009
|''[[3 Idiots]]''|| Chatur Ramalingam a.k.a. "The Silencer"
|
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/it-s-sept-5-silencer-aka-omi-vaidya-from-3-idiots-openly-challenges-rancho-to-see-his-success-story-1996766-2022-09-05 | title=It's Sept 5! Silencer AKA Omi Vaidya from 3 Idiots openly challenges Rancho to see his 'success' story | date=September 5, 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2011
|''Big in Bollywood''|| Himself
|Documentary
|
|-
|''[[Dil Toh Bachcha Hai Ji]]''|| Milind Kelkar
|
|
|-
|''[[Desi Boyz]]''|| Ajay
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012
|''[[Players (2012 film)|Players]]''|| Sunny Mehra
|
|
|-
|''[[Jodi Breakers]]''|| Nano
|
|
|-
|2015
|''[[For Here or to Go?|For Here or to Go]]''
|Lakshmi
|Indian-American film
|
|-
| 2017
|''[[Mirror Game]]''|| Vikram
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
|''[[Blackmail (2018 film)|Blackmail]]''|| Boss DK
|
|
|-
|''Astro''
|Dr. Ramesh
|
|
|-
| 2023
|''[[MR-9 : Do or Die]]''
|Faisal
|American-Bangladeshi film
|
|-
|2024
|''Aaichya Gavat Marathi Bol''
|
|Also director; [[Marathi film|Marathi]] film
|<ref name="Marathi">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=3 Idiots fame Omi Vaidya turns director and lead actor in Marathi movie Aaichya Gavat Marathit Bol |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/3-idiots-fame-omi-vaidya-turns-director-lead-actor-marathi-movie-aaichya-gavat-marathit-bol/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Television series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! TV Show !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2005–2007
|''[[The Office (American TV series)|The Office]]''||[[List of The Office (U.S. TV series) characters#Sadiq|Sadiq]]||Episodes: "[[E-mail Surveillance]]" "[[Fun Run]]"
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2008
|''[[Life (American TV series)|Life]]''|| Vairam ||
|-
|''[[Bones (TV series)|Bones]]''|| Hamid Hirani || Episode: [[Bones (season 4)#Episodes|The Crank in the Shaft]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009
|''[[Kath & Kim (U.S. TV series)|Kath & Kim]]''|| Prakash ||
|-
|''[[Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight]]''|| Fish
|
|-
| 2014
|''[[Growing Up Fisher]]''|| Elliot ||
|-
| 2016
|''[[Brown Nation]]''|| Balan Sree Ramakrishnan ||
|-
| 2019 —present
| ''[[Metro Park (web series)|Metro Park]]'' (web series) || Kannan ||
|}

===As director===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007
| ''Out of Time''
| rowspan="2" |Short Film
|-
| ''The Desert Rose''
|}

===As editor===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
!Notes
|-
| 2003
| ''Out of Time''
| rowspan="6" |Short Film
|-
| 2004
| ''Delusion''
|-
| 2005
| ''Bloodshed''
|-
| 2006
| ''The Gold Bracelet''
|-
| 2007
| ''Remember the Days''
|-
| 2008
| ''Blind Ambition''
|}

==Personal life==
Vaidya married Minal Patel on August 22, 2009. In 2015, Minal gave birth to their first child. Their second child was born in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-BOW-omi-vaidya-becomes-father-of-babyboy-5031625-PHO.html|title=It's a boy! Omi Vaidya aka Silencer of 3 Idiots is a proud father|date=June 24, 2015|website=dailybhaskar|access-date=March 10, 2019|archive-date=October 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011180227/https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-BOW-omi-vaidya-becomes-father-of-babyboy-5031625-PHO.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is of [[Konkani people|Marathi]] descent.<ref name="Marathi"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}

{{IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Male}}
{{ScreenAwardBestMaleDebut}}
{{Screen Award Best Comedian}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaidya, Omi}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century American male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from San Bernardino County, California]]
[[Category:American Hindus]]
[[Category:American male actors of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American people of Marathi descent]]
[[Category:American male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:People from Yucca Valley, California]]
[[Category:American expatriates in India]]
[[Category:American expatriate actors in India]]
[[Category:Expatriate male actors in India]]
[[Category:Tisch School of the Arts alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Santa Cruz alumni]]
[[Category:Los Angeles County High School for the Arts alumni]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]

Uppu language

2026-03-19T01:41:35Z

Kanna chan: started!

{{Short description|Kuki-Chin language of Myanmar}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Uppu
| altname = Chinbon
| states = Myanmar
| ethnicity =
| speakers = 44,000
| date = 2017
| ref = e25
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| fam2 = [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]]
| fam3 = [[Central Tibeto-Burman languages|Central Tibeto-Burman]] (?)
| fam4 = [[Kuki-Chin–Naga languages|Kuki-Chin–Naga]]
| fam5 = [[Kuki-Chin languages|Kuki-Chin]]
| fam6 = [[Southern Kuki-Chin languages|Southern]]
| iso3 = cnb
| glotto = chin1478
| glottorefname = Chinbon Chin
}}

'''Uppu''' or '''Chinbon Chin''' is a [[Southern Kuki-Chin language]] [[dialect cluster]] of Myanmar, Bangladesh and India.

==Geographical distribution==
Chinbon (Uppu) is spoken in the following townships of Myanmar.<ref>[[Ethnologue]]</ref>
*[[Chin State]]: [[Kanpetlet]] and [[Paletwa]] townships
*[[Magway Region]]: [[Saw, Myanmar|Saw]] and [[Sidoktaya]] townships
*[[Rakhine State]]: [[Minbya]] township

Mayin and Longpaw have 84–91% intelligibility with the Uppu dialects, and 90% intelligibility with Minkya dialect.<ref>[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/cr_files/PastComments/CR_Comments_2014-063.pdf]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}
{{Languages of Burma}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sho language}}
[[Category:Kuki-Chin languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Myanmar]]

{{st-lang-stub}}

Subhasish Chakraborty

2026-03-14T17:46:59Z

Kanna chan:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Subhasish Chakraborty
| image = [[File:Subhasish Chakraborty - Kolkata 2023-03-29 4896.jpg]]
| alt = Portrait of Subhasish Chakraborty
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|12|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| footnotes =
| signature =
| party = [[West Bengal Trinamool Congress]] {{small|(1998–present)}}
| nationality = Indian
| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(until 1997)}}
| spouse = Soma Chakraborty (Councillor at [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation|KMC]])
| relations =
| children = Santanu Chakraborty
| residence = [[Haridevpur]], [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]
| occupation =
| profession = Advocate
| image_size =
| term_start1 =
| signature_size =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start = 3 April 2018
| term_end = 2 April 2024
| predecessor =
| successor = [[Mamata Bala Thakur]]
| constituency = [[West Bengal]]
}}

'''Subhasish''' '''Chakraborty''' is an Indian politician, served in the [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{citation |title=Rajya Sabha election results: TMC wins 4, Congress 1 in West Bengal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rajya-sabha-election-results-highlights/articleshow/63433069.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=23 March 2018 }}</ref>
{| predecessor = [[Mukul Roy]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakraborty, Subhasish}}
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1957 births]]

{{WestBengal-AITC-politician-stub}}

Swapnil Rajshekhar

2026-03-04T18:53:42Z

Kanna chan: stub!

{{short description|Indian film actor and writer}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=March 2017}}
{{fanpov|date=March 2017}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Swapnil Rajshekhar
| image = Swapnil 03.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kolhapur]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| known_for =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| parents = Rajshekhar (Janardan Bhutkar)
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1995 - present
| spouse =
| children =
}}

'''Swapnil Rajshekhar''' Bhutkar is an Indian actor and writer, most known for his roles in various Marathi television series.

He has been a popular anchor, host of various musical shows, and as a singer has performed in a great number of musical shows with various groups. He was the winner of [[Zee TV]]'s [[Titan Antakshari|Antakshari]] – [[Goa]] award in 1997. He is from Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

== Early life ==
Swapnil was born in [[Kolhapur]], Maharashtra. His father Rajshekhar (Janardan Bhutkar) was a great actor and one of the finest thespians of the Marathi film industry. Janardan had nurtured the dream of acting in cinemas and in its pursuit came to Kolhapur, during his struggling years he stayed at his sister’s place and would regularly visit Jayaprabha Studio. His life took turn when he happened to meet "[[Bhalji Pendharkar]]". Bhalji saw the talent in Janardan Bhutkar and offered him small role in ''Akashaganga''. Bhalaji changed his name from Janardan to Rajshekhar. It is with this last name that Swapnil debuted in films, and, for all public purposes, he used Rajshekhar as his last name.

His mother Vaishali Rajshekhar also had a keen interest in acting and has done several Marathi Films and Theatre. Swapnil attended the "Private High School" in Kolhapur, and later went on to study in "New College Kolhapur" to complete his Sociology Degree. He then joined the theatre.

== Career ==
Making his debut as a child artist at the age of seven with Govind Kulkarni’s ''Tamasgeer'', he followed up with ''Fukat Chambu Baburao''.

Following this he joined theatre at the age of twenty. He’s acted in various play’s like ''Vatrat Karti'', ''Prema Tuzha Rang Kasa?'', ''Niyam ani Apavaad'' – which was a Marathi remake of Sir [[Bertolt Brecht]]'s ''[[The Exception and the Rule]]'' and ''Sheetyudh Sadanand''.

Along with acting in these plays to directing a few which includes ''Ratrani'', ''Kshan'', ''Girhaik'', ''Chaukashi'', ''Rikshawala'', ''Trailer''... to name a few. He has also directed a few industrial and social documentaries as well as advertisements including AIDS awareness.

Swapnil started his television career with ''[[Doordarshan]]'' in 1995 and acted in TV series such as ''Kondmara'', ''Shejar'', ''Bhoomiputra'', ''Reshimgathi'' for [[Zee Marathi]]. He has also modeled for [[Bajaj Group|Bajaj]] Tempo Traveller, Elf Engine Oil and [[Aditya Birla Group|Birla]] Plus Cement TVC's.

In the year 1997 he acted in his first feature film ''Pratidaav'', a film about how two political families in a village continuously fight for the same position. Swapnil played a negative character in the film. This was followed by a role in a romantic musical comedy called ''Sang Priye Tu Konachi?'' in the year 1999.

Since then he has done over fifty films including ''Hirva Kunku'', ''Apharan'', ''Bhavachi Laxmi'', ''Achanak'', ''Lek Ladki''. In 2010-2011, he acted in ''Bhandara'', ''Chandrakala'', ''Natha Purey Aata'', ''Durga Mhantyat Mala'', ''[[Rajmata Jijau]]'', ''Balgandharva'', ''Saat Bara Kasa Badalala'', ''Teen Bayka Fajiti Aika''. He is also featured in ''High Command'' directed by Yashwant Bhalkar about the Maharashtra-Karnataka border dispute.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Art---About/907644/ ''Indian Express'': Art and About]</ref>

Then in the year 2012 and since came Janmadata, Rama Shiva Govinda, Haa Khel Jivashi, Shikshanacha Jai Ho, Premshakti, Aabhas, Angaraki.

He has also been a part of [[Punha Gondhal Punha Mujra]] directed by Balkrishna Shinde; this film is a sequel of the 2009 release Marathi film Gallit Gondhal Dillit Mujra. The film marked the debut of [[Bollywood]] Actors [[Alok Nath]] and [[Ashish Vidyarthi]]. He was seen in lead role in Gorakh Jogdande's ''Nazar'', which released in the year 2015.

He was also a part of the musical extravaganza ''[[Katyar Kaljat Ghusali (film)|Katyar Kaljat Ghusali]]'', as the Maharaja of Vishrampur, King Vishnuraj which was the directorial debut of [[Subodh Bhave]]

His first release in the year 2016, was ''Police Line... Ek Purna Satya'', directed by Raju Parsekar. He then did ''Manus Ek Mati'', Directed by Suresh Zhade, which released in March 2017.

He is currently doing a theatrical play called ''Vidamban Ekach Pyala'' written by Acharya [[Pralhad Keshav Atre]]. ''Vidamban'' (Parody) as the name suggests is based originally on [[Ram Ganesh Gadkari]]'s play ''Sangeet Ekach Pyala''. The play is directed by ''Satish Pulekar''. Swapnil plays a character called ''Ramlal'' in the play.

His next film is set to release in November 2017, titled ''Maza Algaar'', where he plays the role of a Mahant (Saint).

== Writer and Director ==
Swapnil Rajshekhar, has directed a social documentary film titled ''Ekla Chalo Re'', which was released online on [[YouTube]] in December, 2015.

He later wrote another short film titled ''Baluta'', which was directed by Ajay Kurane, which released in June 2016, for which he has received an award for the Best Screenplay at the first ''Haryana International Film Festival'' in the same year.
Baluta, has also received various other awards at different National and International Film Festivals all over India in different categories.

He then went on to write and direct another short film later in the year 2016, the film is titled ''Saavat'', for which he has received numerous awards including ''Best Screenplay, Jury'' at the ''5th Mumbai Shorts International Film Festival'' and Best Director at the 4th Sangli International Film Festival.

Saavat has received a total of thirty three awards till now at various national and international film festivals all over India, which includes awards for Best Film, Best Writing, Best Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Actor, Best Actress and so on.

== Awards and nominations ==
*2010: Nominated in Marathi TV Biggies Awards for "Best Actor in a Negative Role" for ''Khel Mandla'' (TV Series) [Mi Marathi]
*2012: Won "Gumphan Award for Excellence in the Field of Entertainment"
*2015: Documentary Film, ''Ekla Chalo Re'' was nominated in the "4th My Mumbai Short Film Festival".
*2016: Won an Award for Best Screenplay, for the Short Film titled ''Baluta'' at the first ''Haryana International Film Festival'' 2016.
*2016: Won an Award for Best Screenplay, Jury at the ''5th Mumbai Shorts International Film festival'' for a Short Film titled ''Saavat''
*2017: Won an Award as the Best Director at the ''4th Sangli International Film Festival'' for the Short Film ''Saavat''
*2017: Won an Award as the Best Director at the ''2nd Karad National Short Film Festival'' for the Short Film ''Saavat''
*2017: Won an Award as the Best Director at the ''7th Gujarat International Short Film Festival'' for the Short Film ''Saavat''
*2017: Nominated in Zebra International Film Festival, for Best Story, for the Short Film ''Baluta''

== Television ==
* ''[[Raja Shivchhatrapati (TV series)|Raja Shivchhatrapati]]'' (as [[Netaji Palkar]])
* ''Kulaswamini'' (as Yashodhan Inamdar)
* ''Khel Mandala'' (as Wakade Sarkar)
* ''[[Veer Shivaji]]'' (as [[Kanhoji Jedhe]])
* ''[[Swapnanchya Palikadle]]'' (as Kaushal Nimkar)
* ''Ajunahi Chandraat Aahe'' (as Suryakant Sarnoubat)
* ''[[Char Divas Sasuche]]'' (as Rajan Phadke)
* ''[[Jhunj Marathmoli]]''<ref>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/Zhunj-Marathmoli-participants-to-add-Marathi-tadka-onscreen/photostory/35677495.cms | title=Zhunj Marathmoli participants to add Marathi tadka onscreen | newspaper=The Times of India | date=29 August 2018 }}</ref>
* ''[[Jai Malhar]]'' (as [[Indra|Indra Dev]])
* ''[[Swarajyarakshak Sambhaji]]'' (as Ganoji shirke)
* ''[[Asava Sundar Swapnancha Bangla]]'' (as Rajshekhar Purohit)
* ''[[Tula Shikvin Changlach Dhada]]'' (as Charuhas Suryavanshi)

== Filmography ==
* ''ReelStar (2025)'' <ref>{{cite web |title=ReelStar Movie (2025): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} रीलस्टार {{!}} Exclusive 2024 |url=https://rangmarathi.com/reelstar-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=13 October 2024 |date=12 October 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=3415839}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajshekhar, Swapnil}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Baap Re Baap (1955 film)

2026-03-04T04:08:07Z

Kanna chan: started the article w/ infobox

{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Baap Re Baap
| image = Baap_Re_Baap_(1955).jpg
| caption =
| director = [[A. R. Kardar]]
| producer = A. R. Kardar
| writer = S. N. Bannerji (dialogue) Jajdish Kanwal (dialogue)
| narrator =
| starring = [[Kishore Kumar]] [[Chand Usmani]]
| music = [[O. P. Nayyar ]]
| cinematography = Dwarka Diwecha
| editing = M. S. Hajee
| studio = Kardar Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1955|09|30|df=yes}}
| runtime = 110 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Baap Re Baap''''' (My God!) is a 1955 [[Hindi]] family comedy drama film, produced and directed by [[A. R. Kardar]].<ref name="Narwekar2012">{{cite book|author=Sanjit Narwekar|title=Eena Meena Deeka: The Story of Hindi Film Comedy|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KbSbAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT90|accessdate=31 March 2015|date=12 December 2012|publisher=Rupa Publications|isbn=978-81-291-2625-2|page=77|chapter=The Reluctant Comedian}}</ref> Produced under the Kardar Productions banner, it had dialogues by S. N. Bannerjee and Jagdish Kanwal. The music of the film was composed by [[O. P. Nayyar]], with the lyrics written by [[Jan Nisar Akhtar]].<ref name="Bose2012">{{cite book|author=Derek Bose|title=Kishore Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bL6bAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT88|accessdate=31 March 2015|date=15 December 2012|publisher=Rupa Publications|isbn=978-81-291-2658-0|pages=88–}}</ref>

''Baap Re Baap'', a musical comedy, was a great success and brought a big improvement in the career of [[Kishore Kumar]].<ref name="ChaudhuriNayak2005">{{cite book|author1=Shantanu Ray Chaudhuri|author2=Prashanto Kumar Nayak|title=Icons from Bollywood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztpkAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=31 March 2015|date=1 February 2005|publisher=Puffin Books|isbn=9780143334910}}</ref> He acted in a total of sixty-eight films from 1953 to 1968.<ref name="Narwekar2012 p.75">Narwekar2012, p. 75</ref>

The film starred [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Chand Usmani]] in lead roles, supported by [[Smriti Biswas]], [[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]], [[Ulhas (actor)|Ulhas]], [[Leela Mishra]].<ref name=citwf>{{cite web|title=Baap Re Baap |url=http://www.citwf.com/film25834.htm |website=citwf.com |publisher=Alan Goble |accessdate=31 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125833/http://www.citwf.com/film25834.htm |archivedate=2 April 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref>

==Plot==
Ashok Sagar ([[Kishore Kumar]]) has just returned from abroad after seven years and now lives with his overly protective parents. His one sneeze is treated as if he has pneumonia. After Ashok hears the singing of a girl Kokila ([[Chand Usmani]]), who sells flower for living, he falls in love with her, while his parents are busy trying to find a suitable bride for him. For this purpose they give an advertisement, which attracts people from various states with differing languages. They all land up at Ashok's house. His parents settle his marriage with Roopa ([[Smriti Biswas]]), who comes from a wealthy family ([[Ulhas (actor)|Ulhas]] and [[Leela Mishra]]). Ashok runs away from home and makes his intentions to marry Kokila known to his parents. His mother relents, but his father Raja Bahadur Moti Sagar ([[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]]) refuses to budge. With the help of his mother and some planning, Ashok brings Kokila into the house as his bride and his father finally gives his consent.

==Cast==
* [[Kishore Kumar]] as Ashok Sagar
* [[Chand Usmani]] as Kokila
* [[Smriti Biswas]] as Roopa
* [[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]] as Raja Bahadur Moti Sagar
* [[Ulhas (actor)|Ulhas]] as Colonel Jung Bahadur
* [[Leela Mishra]] as Mrs. Jung Bahadur
* [[S. N. Banerjee]] as Saligram

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Baap Re Baap (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[O. P. Nayyar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1955
| recorded = 1955
| venue =
| studio = Gramophone Co of India Ltd
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc =
}}

The music director was [[O. P. Nayyar]], with lyrics written by [[Jan Nisar Akhtar]].<ref name=HindiGeetmala>{{cite web|title=Baap Re Baap (1955)|url=http://hindigeetmala.net/movie/baap_re_baap.htm|website=hindigeetmala.net|publisher=Hindi Geetmala|accessdate=31 March 2015}}</ref>

===Tracklist===
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Dal Kaise Gale"
| [[Kishore Kumar]]
|-
| "Phool Se Galon Pe, Matwari Chalon Pe Main Hoon Fida"
| Kishore Kumar, [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Piya Piya Piya, Mera Jiya Pukare, Hum Bhi Chalenge Saiyan"
| Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Tu Na Bata"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Tum Na Aaye"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Deewana Dil Gaye"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Kahe Dil Yeh Deewana"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Ab Yeh Bata, Jayen Kahan"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Raat Rangeeli, Chamke Tare"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Main Bhi Jawan, Dil Bhi Jawan"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Jane Bhi De, Chhod Yeh Bahana"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0231209|title=Baap Re Baap}}

{{A. R. Kardar}}

[[Category:1955 films]]
[[Category:1955 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1955 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. R. Kardar]]
[[Category:Films scored by O. P. Nayyar]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:1955 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language comedy-drama films]]

Paanch Qaidi

2026-03-03T23:52:19Z

Kanna chan: minor edit

{{Short description|1981 film}}
{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Paanch Qaidi
| image = Paanch Qaidi.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Shibu Mitra]]
| producer = Vikas-Veena Sharma
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| starring = [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Bappi Lahiri]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Manish Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1981|06|19|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Paanch Qaidi Cast & Crew |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/paanch-qaidi/cast/}}</ref>
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Paanch Qaidi''''' ({{translation|Five prisoners}}) is a 1981 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action film]] directed by [[Shibu Mitra]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&q=Paanch+Qaidi&pg=PT288|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|last=Ashish Rajadhyaksha, Paul Willemen|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135943189|access-date=1 March 2018}}</ref> and produced by Vikas-Veena Sharma. This film was released under the banner of Manish Films.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/paanch-qaidi/movieshow/61330094.cms|title=Paanch Qaidi|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ngh.co.in/paanch-qaidi-2392-279.html|title=Paanch Qaidi|access-date=1 March 2018}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Police Deputy Superident of Police Vijay takes five deadly convicts as his personal responsibility from the prison, knowing that they are all dangerous and have criminal records. Vijay and those outlaws settle in a village which is already terrorised by Mangal Singh and his group of dacoits. Vijay now wants to stop them with the help of his five prisoners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paanch Qaidi |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/paanch-qaidi/cast/2030110063/ |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Girish Karnad]] as DSP Vijay
* [[Zarina Wahab]] as Shanti, Wife of DSP
* [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] as Raja, Prisoner
* [[Mahendra Sandhu]] as Kaka, Prisoner
* [[Vijayendra Ghatge]] as Anand Raj, Prisoner
* [[Raza Murad]] as Balwant Singh, Prisoner
* [[Dev Kumar (actor)|Dev Kumar]] as Sher Singh, Prisoner
* [[Manik Irani]] as Manakiya, Prisoner
* [[Shakti Kapoor]] as Constable Bismillah
* [[Sarika]] as Roopa
* [[Ranjeet]] as Dacait Mangal Singh
* [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] as Dancer
* [[Iftekhar]] as Inspector General of Police Jagmohan
* [[Surendra Pal]] as Police Inspector Surendra Pal Singh
* [[Viju Khote]] as Dacait Damodar
* [[Sulochana Latkar]] as Lajwanti
* [[Keshto Mukherjee]] as Drunkard
* [[Sundar]] as Murli

{{div col end}}

== Soundtrack ==
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Maa To Hai Maa"
| [[Kishore Kumar]]
|-
| "O Ripapa, O Ripapa"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Meri Mummy Jaisi Koi Mummy Nahin Hai"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Chandrani Mukherjee]]
|-
| "Humne Suna Hai Aapne Loota"
| [[Mubarak Begum]], [[Shobha Gurtu]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0243471}}

[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:1981 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bappi Lahiri]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shibu Mitra]]
[[Category:1981 action films]]
[[Category:Cross-dressing in Indian films]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Sher Dil (Indian film)

2026-03-03T23:44:02Z

Kanna chan: done!

{{About||the 1990 film|Sher Dil (Pakistani film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sher Dil
| image =

| caption =
| director = Mohan Sehgal
| producer = Jagdish Sidana
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Dharmendra]] [[Rishi Kapoor]] [[Anita Raj]]
| music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1990|09|07|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

''''' Sher Dil ''''' is a 1990 Indian [[Hindi]]-language film directed by Mohan Segal, starring [[Dharmendra]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Anita Raj]], [[Kimi Katkar]], [[Rohini Hattangadi]], [[Prema Narayan]], [[Pradeep Kumar (actor)|Pradeep Kumar]], [[Gulshan Grover]], and [[Kader Khan]]. The actor [[Kader Khan]] played the double role of Shobraj and Lobhraj.

==Cast==
* [[Dharmendra]] as Prakash Saxena / Prof. Avinash Saxena / Shera
* [[Rishi Kapoor]] as Sanjay Saxena
* [[Pradeep Kumar (actor)|Pradeep Kumar]] as Ram Kumar Saxena
* [[Rohini Hattangadi]] as Maya Devi Saxena
* [[Anita Raj]] as Kiran Kailashnath
* [[Kimi Katkar]] as Jyoti Kailashnath
* [[Kader Khan]] as Charles Shobhraj / Lobhraj (Double Role)
* [[Gulshan Grover]] as Ranjeet Shobhraj
* [[Shiva Rindani]] as Ranjeet's Sidekick
* [[Prema Narayan]] as Julie
* Piloo J. Wadia as College Interviewer
* [[Praveen Kumar (actor)|Praveen Kumar]] as Goon at Club
* [[Arjun (Firoz Khan)|Arjun]] as Rapist who molest Jyoti<ref>{{cite web |title=Sher Dill |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0359967/ |website=IMDB |publisher=Amazon |access-date=14 January 2021}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer
|-
| 1
| "Mauka Bhi Hai Fursat Bhi Hai"
| [[Mohammed Aziz]], [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
| 2
| "Adi Ve Adi"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
| 3
| "Tera Guroor Todunga"
| [[Mohammed Aziz]]
|-
| 4
| "Aur Bhale Kuch Bhi"
| [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
|-
| 5
| "Door Shehar Se"
| [[Alisha Chinoy]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0359967}}

[[Category:1990 films]]
[[Category:1990 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]

{{1990s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Blind Spot (2025 film)

2026-03-03T09:10:14Z

Kanna chan: created post

{{Short description|Indian Telugu-language film by Rakesh Varma}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Blind Spot
| image = Blind Spot (2025 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Rakesh Varma
| writer = Rakesh Varma
| producer = Rama Krishna Veerapaneni
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Naveen Chandra]]
* [[Ali Reza (actor)|Ali Reza]]
* [[Rashi Singh]]
* [[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]]
}}
| cinematography = Darshan M Ambat
| editing = Satyaa G
| music = Sriram Maddury
| studio = Mango Mass Media
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2025|05|09|df=y}}
| runtime = 89 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Blind Spot''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Crime film|crime]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] film written and directed by Rakesh Varma. The film features [[Naveen Chandra]], [[Ali Reza (actor)|Ali Reza]], [[Rashi Singh]] and [[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]] in important roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=19 April 2025 |title=Blind Spot trailer: Naveen Chandra must battle twisted perceptions to unravel a suicide case |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Apr/19/blind-spot-trailer-naveen-chandra-must-battle-twisted-perceptions-to-unravel-a-suicide-case |access-date=21 July 2025 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

The film was released on 9 May 2025.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/blind-spot/movieshow/121000051.cms |title=Blind Spot Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes |access-date=21 July 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=July 2025}}

== Cast ==
* [[Naveen Chandra]] as Vikram
** Harsh Roshan as Young Vikram
* [[Ali Reza (actor)|Ali Reza]] as Aditya
* [[Rashi Singh]] as Divya
* [[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]] as Jayaram
* Gayatri Bhargavi as Lakshmi
* Kishore Kumar Polimera as Rambabu
* Gururaj Manepalli as Doctor
* Gadiraju Arun Kumar as K. Raghunandan
* Siddharth Gollapudi as Sudhakar
* Harika Pedada as Manasa
* Master Abhishikth as Vinod

== Music ==
The soundtrack and background score is composed by Sriram Maddury.

{{tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| all_music =
| title1 = Kanipinchevanni
| length1 = 2:26
| lyrics1 = Rakesh Varma, Prakash Dasari
| extra1 = J’mymah
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Blind Spot'' was released on 9 May 2025. It was released on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 13 June 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ABN |date=13 June 2025 |title=Blind Spot OTT: మైండ్ బ్లాక్ క్రైమ్ థ్రిల్ల‌ర్‌.. స‌డ‌న్‌గా ఓటీటీకి! ఎందులో అంటే {{!}} naveen chandra starrer latest crime thriller movie Blind Spot now streaming in that ott ktr |url=https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2025/ott/naveen-chandra-starrer-latest-crime-thriller-movie-blind-spot-now-streaming-in-that-ott-ktr-63739.html |access-date=21 July 2025 |website=Chitrajyothy Telugu News |language=te}}</ref>

[[10TV]] gave a positive review with particular praise for Naveen Chandra's performance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=10TV |last2=Nill |first2=Saketh |date=14 June 2025 |title='బ్లైండ్ స్పాట్' మూవీ రివ్యూ.. మర్డర్ ఎవరు చేసారు? |url=https://10tv.in/telugu-news/movies/naveen-chandra-rashi-singh-blind-spot-movie-review-sy-957790.html |access-date=21 July 2025 |website=10TV Telugu |language=te}}</ref> Banda Kalyan of ''[[Samayam Telugu]]'' too gave the same rating with praise for lead cast performances.<ref>{{Cite web |title=బ్లైండ్ స్పాట్ రివ్యూ - Blind Spot Review |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/ott/review/naveen-chandra-blind-spot-telugu-movie-review-and-rating/moviereview/121879952.cms |access-date=21 July 2025 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|36591293}}

[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Telugu-language crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Telangana Police]]

Mannava (film)

2026-03-03T04:47:42Z

Kanna chan: new.

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Short description|1997 Indian film by L. M. Balaji}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mannava
| image = Mannava film poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = L. M. Balaji
| writer = A. Jeeva Kumaran
| producer = Shanthi
| starring = [[Prashanth]] [[Sanghavi]]
| cinematography = Imayavaramban
| editing = D. S. Maniam
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| studio = Star Movies
| released = {{Film date|1997|02|21|df=yes}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Mannava''''' is a 1997 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action comedy film]] directed by L. M. Balaji and produced by Shanthi. The film stars [[Prashanth]] and [[Sanghavi]] in the lead roles, while Deva composed the film's music.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mannava ( 1997 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=mannava |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003194016/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=mannava |archive-date=3 October 2012 |access-date=18 August 2013 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Eshwar is the son of R. Sundarrajan and Vadivukkarasi. He has a naturally helpful personality and will come to the rescue of anyone who is in difficulties. Eshwar's friend faces a problem marrying his fiancée. Eshwar helps his friend, which leads to a skirmish brawl, and Eshwar also falls in love with his friend's sister Kavitha. When Eshwar's love was accepted by both parents, they approach an astrologer, who predicts Eshwar to be isolated for some time to avoid disaster in his life. Eshwar arrives with his friend Mani to their estate in Coonoor – Ooty, where numerous incidents take place. At one point of time, Sinthamani, an intellectually disabled person, forcibly takes asylum in Eshwar's estate. A local thug Kabali tries to molest Sinthamani, and Eshwar chases Kabali away. Later, Kabali was found dead. Suriya, a police inspector, is deputed for investigating this case. Suriya is a relative of Kavitha, and they were supposed to marry. The investigation reveals evidence, and Eshwar is blamed for Kabali's murder. What happens next is to be watched.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Prashanth]] as Eshwar
*[[Sanghavi]] as Nandhini
*[[Goundamani]] as Raghupathy
*[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] as Sinthamani
*[[J. V. Somayajulu]] as Astrologist
*[[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Suriya
*[[R. Sundarrajan]] as Eashwar's father
*[[Vadivukkarasi]] as Eashwar's mother
*[[Ponnambalam (actor)|Ponnambalam]] as Kabali
*[[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]] as Kavitha's father
*[[Ennatha Kannaiya]]
*[[Madhan Bob]]
*[[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]]
}}

== Soundtrack ==

The soundtrack was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mannava Tamil Film Audio CD by Deva |url=https://mossymart.com/product/mannava-tamil-film-audio-cd-by-deva/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114073929/https://mossymart.com/product/mannava-tamil-film-audio-cd-by-deva/ |archive-date=14 January 2024 |access-date=14 January 2024 |website=Mossymart}}</ref> [[Kumar Sanu]] made his Tamil debut with the song "Yamma Yamma" for this film.<ref>{{cite web |last=Thiagarajan |first=Actor |author-link=Thiagarajan |date=4 July 2014 |title=Prashnath's Solo song a haunting peculiar new unheard voice in Tamilnadu was required |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=676195382435781&id=615022711886382&set=a.615049928550327 |access-date=3 July 2024 |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Duration
|-
| "Indhu Maha Samudrame" || [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chithra]] || rowspan=2|Ponniyin Selvan|| 05:27
|-
| "Indhu Maha Samudrame" || [[Unni Krishnan]], K. S. Chithra || 05:18
|-
| "Thelu Kadichiduchi" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]] || rowspan=4|[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || 04:46
|-
| "Nee Oru Romiyo" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra || 04:47
|-
| "Yamma Yamma" || [[Kumar Sanu]] || 04:41
|-
| "Gaana Porandhadhu" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || 03:55
|-
| "Pa Pa Chinna Pappa" || Hariharan, Swarnalatha || rowspan=2|[[Palani Bharathi]] || 05:36
|-
| "Un Manathai" || Hariharan || 00:50
|}

== Reception ==
K. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' called the film "above average, the kind you won't be tired of (except maybe during some of the songs)".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. |date=15 March 1997 |title=When soothsayers complicate the path of love |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8vxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MhUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4347%2C3964802 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610093545/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8vxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MhUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4347%2C3964802 |archive-date=10 June 2024 |access-date=9 January 2024 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=Arts 4 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt11576150}}

[[Category:1997 Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s masala films]]
[[Category:1997 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1997 action comedy films]]
[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Rocky (2021 film)

2026-03-03T02:34:20Z

Kanna chan: stub

{{Short description|2021 Indian Tamil-language neo-noir action film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Rocky 2021 tamil film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Arun Matheswaran]]
| writer = Arun Matheswaran
| producer = C. R. Manoj Kumar
| starring = [[Vasanth Ravi]] [[Bharathiraja]] [[Raveena Ravi]]
| cinematography = Shreyaas Krishna
| editing = [[Nagooran Ramachandran]]
| music = [[Darbuka Siva]]
| studio = RA Studios
| distributor = [[Rowdy Pictures]]
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2021|12|23}}
| runtime = 121 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Rocky''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[neo-noir]] [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Arun Matheswaran]] in his directorial debut, while it was produced by C. R. Manoj Kumar under RA Studios and distributed by [[Vignesh Shivan|Rowdy Pictures]].<ref name="Rocky ToI" /> It stars [[Vasanth Ravi]], [[Bharathiraja]] and [[Raveena Ravi]] in the lead roles. The music was composed by [[Darbuka Siva]], while the cinematography and editing were handled by Shreyaas Krishna and [[Nagooran Ramachandran]].<ref name="Rocky N18" />

''Rocky'' was released on 23 December 2021 on [[Christmas]] weekend to widespread critical acclaim and became a box office success.<ref name="Rocky Mint" />

== Plot ==
{| class="infobox"
|-
! style="font-size:100%; text-align: center;"| Narrative structure
|-
| Prologue: "Aadhi Muran Pudhir" ("The God Paradox")
|-
| Chapter 1: "Un Amma Unna Yen Peththa Theriyuma?" ("Do You Know Why Your Mom Gave Birth To You?")
|-
| Chapter 2: "Ketta Kadavul Nalla Saathan" ("Evil God, Virtuous Devil")
|-
| Chapter 3: "Naatukku Pogalam" ("Let us go back to our homeland")
|-
| Chapter 4: "Oru Kazhugu 100 Moonji" ("1 Eagle; 100 Faces")
|-
| Epilogue: "The Seedless Fruit"
|}

Rocky, an assassin who gets released from prison after finishing his sentence, learns that his younger sister Amutha has left the city. He stays at his friend Mahalingam's house and enquires a gangster named Saamy about Amutha, but to no avail. Mahalingam learns through Nadarajan that Amutha is in [[Sellur]], which he informs to Rocky. It is revealed that Rocky lived with his mother Malli and Amutha in [[Madras]]. He worked with a drug smuggler named Manimaran. Malli objected to Rocky's decision for working with Manimaran as her husband had worked with Manimaran and subsequently lost his life.

Rocky heads to Sellur where he meets a pregnant Amutha, who berates him for his mistakes, but eventually reconciles with him. Suddenly, Manimaran's henchman and an [[Inspector]] arrive, where they knock out Rocky and kill Amutha. Rocky awakens alongside Nadarajan, who learns about the incident. They reach the Inspector's hideout and brutally kills the Inspector and the henchmen. Rocky heads to Saamy's lodge where he tortures Saamy's assistant, who reveals Manimaran's location in an abandoned construction site in [[Minjur]]. They reach the site only to fight with his goons, which results in Nadarajan being killed. Rocky kills most of the goons including Saamy.

Rocky reaches and confronts Manimaran only to learn that they also killed Amutha's husband and Amutha's daughter is the only lone survivor. She is held by Manimaran's right-hand Thanraj at knifepoint. Rocky escapes along with Amutha's daughter after knocking out both Manimaran and Thanraj. They leave for Malli's village in [[Tamil Eelam]]. It is revealed that Rocky killed Manimaran's son as he was jealous of Rocky taking over the smuggling consignments. Manimaran's son was berated by Manimaran due to which he killed Malli. During the journey, Rocky learns that his niece's name is also Malli. During the journey, a bond grows between them.

Thanraj kills Mahalingam and traces Rocky and Malli in [[Dhanushkodi]], where he tries to kill him, but Rocky kills Thanraj by stabbing his eyes with a sharp object and kills the remaining henchmen. While reaching Dhanushkodi, Rocky faces Manimaran and the entire criminal fraternity of [[Madras]]. Rocky mows down and kills all of them using a [[M134 Minigun]], which was actually a part of the consignment secretly kept by Rocky. Accepting his defeat, Manimaran commits suicide by slitting his throat. With no one else to trouble him, Rocky and Malli leaves on a boat to Malli's village, where Malli asks Rocky that if she can tell him a story about an eagle.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Vasanth Ravi]] as Rocky
* [[Bharathiraja]] as Manimaran
* [[Raveena Ravi]] as Amudha
* [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as Malli
* Poo Ram as Mahalingam
*Ravi Venkataraman as Saamy
*Ashraf Mallisery as Thanraj
*Rishikanth as Manimaran's son
*Jayakumar as Nadarajan
*Anisha as Malli
*[[Nagooran Ramachandran]] as [[Date (fruit)|dates seller]]
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
In April 2018, [[Vasanth Ravi]], during an exclusive interview with [[The Times of India|''ETimes'']], revealed that he signed his next project after his debut film [[Taramani (film)|''Taramani'']] (2017). He further revealed that it was written and directed by debutant Arun Matheswaran, who worked as an associate of [[Thiagarajan Kumararaja]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-18 |title=Acting cannot be taught; there is no set principle: Vasanth Ravi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/acting-cannot-be-taught-there-is-no-set-principle-vasanth-ravi/articleshow/63800216.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821174942/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/acting-cannot-be-taught-there-is-no-set-principle-vasanth-ravi/articleshow/63800216.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=The Times of India }}</ref> On 26 September that year, the official title ''Rocky'' was announced by the production house. Initially, [[Mysskin]] was chosen to play the main antagonist, but opted out for unknown reasons.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-09-26 |title=Vasanth Ravi turns an action hero |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vasanth-ravi-turns-an-action-hero/articleshow/65965623.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Music ==
The soundtrack and score was composed by [[Darbuka Siva]] and the album featured three songs. The audio rights were acquired by [[Lahari Music]].
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Aalilalilo
| lyrics1 = [[Madhan Karky]]
| extra1 = [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] Sripada
| length1 = 04:44
| title2 = Naan Sinam Ariven
| lyrics2 = [[Kaber Vasuki]]
| extra2 = [[Anthony Daasan]]
| length2 = 04:51
| title3 = Vanma Padhaiyil
| lyrics3 = Kaber Vasuki
| extra3 = James Thakara, Kaber Vasuki
| length3 = 04:52
| extra_column = Singer(s)
}}

== Reception ==
Ashameera Aiyappan of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote "With ''Rocky'', Director Arun Matheswaran and DOP Shreyas Krishnaa manipulate the space on-screen with great finesse to communicate the emotional psyche of the characters."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocky movie review: A stunning tapestry of anger, blood, and violence |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rocky-movie-review-a-stunning-tapestry-of-anger-blood-and-violence-10231601.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215191309/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rocky-movie-review-a-stunning-tapestry-of-anger-blood-and-violence-10231601.html |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=27 December 2021 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 4/5 stars and describe the film as "gloriously violent, superbly shot and deeply sentimental film."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocky Movie Review: Rocky is gloriously violent and deeply sentimental |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/rocky/movie-review/88455427.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504112323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/rocky/movie-review/88455427.cms |archive-date=4 May 2022 |access-date=9 December 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Manoj Kumar. R of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "None before Arun Matheswaran had dared to graphically depict violence in such a way. The film's setup innately compromises the separation between good versus evil. It is a demon versus demon and we have to root for the lesser evil."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocky movie review: A bold, relentless depiction of senselessness of violence |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/rocky-review-a-bold-relentless-depiction-of-the-senselessness-of-violence-7686364/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211231057/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/rocky-review-a-bold-relentless-depiction-of-the-senselessness-of-violence-7686364/ |archive-date=11 December 2023 |access-date=27 December 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

Thinkal Menon of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "Rocky is an undiluted action film which is nothing short of a feast for fans of gangster flicks. It stands out for its fine technical aspects and performances from the lead cast."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocky movie review: Vasanth Ravi, Bharathiraja excel in this blatant blood-splattered tale of revenge |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/rocky-movie-review-vasanth-ravi-bharathiraja-excel-in-this-blatant-blood-splattered-tale-of-revenge/336d424b00693 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209111649/https://www.ottplay.com/review/rocky-movie-review-vasanth-ravi-bharathiraja-excel-in-this-blatant-blood-splattered-tale-of-revenge/336d424b00693 |archive-date=9 December 2023 |access-date=9 December 2023 |website=[[OTTplay]]}}</ref> Janani. K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Rocky is not a plain revenge drama, it is layered and carefully structured. The film is a leaf out of the ''[[John Wick]]'' universe, but remains rooted in [[Tamil Nadu]]."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocky Movie Review: Vasanth Ravi's John Wick-style film is tastefully gruesome |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rocky-movie-review-vasanth-ravi-s-john-wick-style-film-is-tastefully-gruesome-1891270-2021-12-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225124228/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rocky-movie-review-vasanth-ravi-s-john-wick-style-film-is-tastefully-gruesome-1891270-2021-12-23 |archive-date=25 December 2021 |access-date=27 December 2021 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

[[Baradwaj Rangan]] of ''[[Film Companion]]'' wrote "Rocky is best seen as a showreel of Arun Matheswaran and has a fantastic eye for composition, where he also uses the big screen beautifully."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Despite A Generic Narrative, Rocky Signals The Arrival Of A Genuine Cinematic Voice |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/rocky-tamil-movie-review-vasanth-ravi-bharathiraja-despite-a-generic-narrative-signals-the-arrival-of-a-genuine-cinematic-voice |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209111650/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/rocky-tamil-movie-review-vasanth-ravi-bharathiraja-despite-a-generic-narrative-signals-the-arrival-of-a-genuine-cinematic-voice |archive-date=9 December 2023 |access-date=9 December 2023 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref> Praveen Sudevan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Revenge dramas have existed for generations in [[Tamil cinema]]. There are scores of good and bad ones, but Rocky will probably be among the best, because it is spectacularly bloody and poetic at the same time."<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘Rocky’ movie review: Arun Matheshwaran announces his arrival with a bloody, brilliant revenge drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/rocky-tamil-film-2021-review-vasanth-ravi-bharathiraja-arun-matheswaran/article38027415.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022122221/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/rocky-tamil-film-2021-review-vasanth-ravi-bharathiraja-arun-matheswaran/article38027415.ece |archive-date=22 October 2023 |access-date=9 December 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Haricharan Pudipeddi of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "Arun Matheswaran’s Rocky is a no-nonsense, extremely ultraviolent revenge drama. It is unarguably the most violent film in Tamil cinema's history."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocky movie review: Vasanth Ravi’s slow burning, violent revenge drama dares to push boundaries |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/rocky-movie-review-vasanth-ravi-s-slow-burning-violent-revenge-drama-dares-to-push-boundaries-101640335750825.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209111649/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/rocky-movie-review-vasanth-ravi-s-slow-burning-violent-revenge-drama-dares-to-push-boundaries-101640335750825.html |archive-date=9 December 2023 |access-date=9 December 2023 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="Rocky ToI">{{Cite web |title=Vasanth Ravi's 'Rocky' to hit the screens on December 23 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vasanth-ravis-rocky-to-hit-the-screens-on-december-23/articleshow/88125891.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207063913/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vasanth-ravis-rocky-to-hit-the-screens-on-december-23/articleshow/88125891.cms |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Rocky N18">{{Cite web |title=Vasanth Ravi, Bharathiraaja-Starrer Rocky To Hit The Theatres on December 23 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vasanth-ravi-bharathiraaja-starrer-rocky-to-hit-the-theatres-on-december-23-4532093.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220115801/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vasanth-ravi-bharathiraaja-starrer-rocky-to-hit-the-theatres-on-december-23-4532093.html |archive-date=20 December 2021 |access-date=8 December 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Rocky Mint">{{Cite web |title=Tamil film ‘Rocky’ to release on 23 December |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/tamil-film-rocky-to-release-on-23-december-11639459309723.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220115744/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/tamil-film-rocky-to-release-on-23-december-11639459309723.html |archive-date=20 December 2021 |access-date=14 December 2021 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref>

</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Arun Matheswaran}}

[[Category:2020s gangster films]]
[[Category:2021 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2021 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Arun Matheswaran]]
[[Category:Films scored by Darbuka Siva]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Commando 2: The Black Money Trail

2026-03-02T09:38:32Z

Kanna chan: refined details per standard format for accuracy

{{short description|2017 film by Deven Bhojani}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Commando 2: The Black Money Trail
| image = Commando-2_Poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Deven Bhojani]]
| producer = [[Vipul Amrutlal Shah|Vipul Shah]] Dhaval Jayantilal Gada [[Anil Ambani]]
| writer = '''Dialogues:''' Ritesh Shah
| screenplay = [[Ritesh Shah]]
| story = Suresh Nair
| based_on =
| starring = [[Vidyut Jammwal]] [[Adah Sharma]] [[Esha Gupta]] [[Freddy Daruwala]] [[Thakur Anoop Singh]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Mannan Shaah]] Gourov Roshin '''Score:''' Prasad Sashte
| cinematography = Chirantan Das
| editing = [[Amitabh Shukla]] Sanjay Sharma
| studio = Sunshine Pictures [[Pen Studios]] [[Reliance Entertainment]]
| distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment]]
| released = {{film date|2017|03|03|df=y}}
| runtime = 122 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}26 [[crore]]<ref name="boxofficeindia_3479">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3479 |title=Commando 2 |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}39.04 crore<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/commando-2/box-office/|title = Commando 2 Box Office Collection | India | Day Wise | Box Office - Bollywood Hungama| website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=3 March 2017 }}</ref>
}}

'''''Commando 2: The Black Money Trail''''' (or simply '''''Commando 2''''') is a 2017 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Deven Bhojani]] and produced by [[Vipul Amrutlal Shah]], Dhaval Jayantilal Gada and [[Reliance Entertainment]].<ref>{{cite web |title=This is when Vidyut Jammwal's 'Commando 2' will hit theatres |work=Daily News & Analysis |date=9 August 2016 |access-date=12 August 2016 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-this-is-when-vidyut-jammwal-s-commando-2-will-hit-theatres-2243209}}</ref> [[Ritesh Shah]] wrote the script and dialogues of the film, while the story was written by Suresh Nair. The film is the second installment of the ''[[Commando (film series)|Commando film series]]'' and stars [[Vidyut Jammwal]], [[Adah Sharma]], [[Esha Gupta]], [[Freddy Daruwala]], and [[Thakur Anoop Singh]].

[[Principal photography]] commenced on 17 February 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |title=Commando 2 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=20 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://m.mid-day.com/articles/commando-sequel-to-go-on-floors-today-in-mumbai/16961193 |title=Commando' sequel to go on floors on Wednesday in Mumbai |newspaper=[[Mid-Day]] |date=17 February 2016 |access-date=20 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Time-for-action-on-Commando-2/articleshow/51022816.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220200450/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Time-for-action-on-Commando-2/articleshow/51022816.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 February 2016 |title=Time for action on 'Commando 2'! |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=17 February 2016 |access-date=20 February 2016}}</ref> The songs were composed by [[Mannan Shaah]] and Gourov Roshin, while the score was composed by Prasad Sashte. The cinematography was handled by Chirantan Das, while the editing were handled by [[Amitabh Shukla]] and Sanjay Sharma.

''Commando 2: The Black Money Trail'' was released on 3 March 2017 in [[Hindi]], along with the dubbed versions of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] languages.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/commando-2/ |title=Commando 2 – Latest News, Videos, Photos – Bollywood Hungama |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=3 April 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref> A sequel titled ''[[Commando 3 (film)|Commando 3]]'' was released in 2019 with Vidyut Jammwal and Adah Sharma reprising their roles.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vidyut-jammwals-commando-3-to-release-on-20-september/articleshow/68252679.cms |title=Vidyut Jammwal's 'Commando 3' to release on 20 September|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
[[Captain]] [[Commando: A One Man Army|Karanveer 'Karan' Singh Dogra]] is assigned on a mission to eradicate [[black money]], which has been siphoned to banks, along with his gang. Karan, along with [[Inspector of Police|Inspector]] Bhavana Reddy and [[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]] Bakhtawar Khan, heads to Vicky Chaddha's house, where he meets his wife Maria. The next day, a [[bomb blast]] occurs where Vicky and Maria are saved, but their daughter Tara dies. However, Maria kills her husband and tells that she is Vicky Chaddha. A cat and mouse game ensues, where Karan, Bhavana and Bakhtawar follow Vicky and defeats her army including Vicky's main henchman K.P. Though Vicky transferred the money, Karan reveals to Vicky that he had changed the history in which the money was scheduled, and that the money has actually been transferred to a replaced account, which will help the poor farmers in [[India]]. Karan also tells that this was planned from the first day itself. After the revelation, Bhavana shoots Vicky, thus completing their mission. Later, Karan receives a phone call from his superiors and is assigned for another mission.

==Cast==
* [[Vidyut Jammwal]] as [[Captain]] Karanveer 'Karan' Singh Dogra, [[Para SF]] [[Commando]]
* [[Adah Sharma]] as [[Inspector]] Bhavna Reddy
* [[Esha Gupta]] as Maria Chaddha/ Vicky Chaddha
* [[Freddy Daruwala]] as [[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]] Bakhtawar Khan
* [[Shefali Shah]] as Leena Chowdhury, [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
* Kannan Arunachalam as Shrinath Iyer, [[List of diplomatic missions of India|Indian Embassy]] officer
* [[Thakur Anoop Singh]] as K.P., Vicky's henchman
* [[Adil Hussain]] as Aniruddh Roy, Karan's boss
* [[Suhail Nayyar]] as Dishank Chowdhury, Leena Chowdhury's son
* Vansh Bharadwaj as Vicky Chaddha
* [[Satish Kaushik]] as Dhariwal Ranwal
* [[Ivan Sylvester Rodrigues]] as Kamath
* Siddharth Kher as Jimmy Kher
* Avisha Sharma as Tara
* Sumit Gulati as Zafar Hussain
* Prince Rodde as 'Whisperer'
* Jeet Raidutt as Vinay

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Commando 2
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Mannan Shaah]] and Gourov-Roshin
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 13 February 2017
| recorded = 2016–2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 22:08
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| director = [[Deven Bhojani]]
| producer = [[Vipul Amrutlal Shah]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Mannan Shaah]]
| type = soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Commando: A One Man Army]]
| prev_year = 2013
| title = Commando 2
| year = 2017
| next_title = [[Namastey England]]
| next_year = 2018
}}
{{Extra chronology
| artist = Gourov-Roshin
| type = soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Kaabil]]
| prev_year = 2017
| title = Commando 2
| year = 2017
| next_title = [[Mubarakan]]
| next_year = 2017
}}
}}
The songs of the film have been composed by Mannan Shaah and Gourov Roshin, while the lyrics have been penned by Aatish Kapadia and [[Kumaar]]. The background score has been composed by Prasad Sashte. The soundtrack was released on 13 February 2017 by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]. The song "Hare Krishna Hare Ram" is a recreated version of the title track of the 2007 film ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]]'' starring [[Akshay Kumar]], which was originally composed by [[Pritam]] and lyrics written by [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]. The music for this song was recreated by Gourov-Roshin with lyrics written by [[Kumaar]].
{{track listing
| all_writing =
| total_length = 22:08
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Hare Krishna Hare Ram
| length1 = 3:30
| lyrics1 = [[Kumaar]]
| music1 = [[Pritam]] (Recreated by Gourov-Roshin)
| extra1 = [[Armaan Malik]], [[Raftaar (rapper)|Raftaar]], Ritika
| title2 = Tere Dil Mein
| length2 = 3:41
| lyrics2 = Aatish Kapadia
| music2 = Mannan Shaah
| extra2 = [[Armaan Malik]]
| title3 = Seedha Saadha
| length3 = 2:58
| lyrics3 = Kumaar
| music3 = Mannan Shaah
| extra3 = [[Amit Mishra (Singer)|Amit Mishra]]
| title4 = Commando (Title Track)
| length4 = 2:48
| lyrics4 = Kumaar
| music4 = Mannan Shaah
| extra4 = [[Aditi Singh Sharma]]
| title5 = Tere Dil Mein (Club Mix)
| length5 = 3:17
| lyrics5 = Aatish Kapadia
| music5 = Mannan Shaah
| extra5 = Armaan Malik
| title6 = Seedha Saadha (Reprise Version)
| length6 = 3:06
| lyrics6 = Kumaar
| music6 = Mannan Shaah
| extra6 = [[Jubin Nautiyal]]
| title7 = Commando (English)
| length7 = 2:48
| lyrics7 = Kumaar
| music7 = Mannan Shaah
| extra7 = Aditi Singh Sarma
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
Samrudhi Ghosh of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "''Commando 2'' does not explore a novel theme - it's the classic good vs evil - but the high-voltage action makes this an entertaining one for fans of the genre."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/commando-2-movie-review-vidyut-jammwal-963743-2017-03-03|title=Commando 2 movie review: Vidyut Jammwal's surgical strike on black money is an adrenaline rush|website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Renuka Vyavahare of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Vidyut Jammwal is a solid action star and his stunts are the only reason you manage to sit through this never-ending tale of 'catch-Vicky Chadda-if-you-can'."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/commando-2/movie-review/57445012.cms|title=Commando 2: The Black Money Trail Movie Review|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "High on action thriller with a bizarre storyline."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/movie-review-commando-2-the-black-money-trail-19097.html|title=Movie Review: Commando 2 :The Black Money Trail|website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref> Madhuri of ''[[Filmibeat]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Commando 2 is strictly for Vidyut Jammwal fans and for those who have a thing for action-fests."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/reviews/2017/commando-2-movie-story-plot-and-rating/articlecontent-pf196906-255598.html|title=Commando 2 Movie Review: Vidyut Jammwal Packs A Solid Punch But Is Let Down By His Co-Stars!|website=[[Filmibeat]]}}</ref> Surabhi Redkar of ''Koimoi'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "Commando 2 does no justice to its name. It’s a lackluster action film with remotely riveting story."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koimoi.com/reviews/commando-2-review-a-lackluster-action-film-with-remotely-riveting-story/|title=Commando 2 Review: A Lackluster Action Film With Remotely Riveting Story|website=Koimoi}}</ref> Rohit Vats of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "Commando 2 lacks heart and is all muscles. If may not even quench your thirst for some adrenaline-pumping stunts."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/commando-2-movie-review-vidyut-jammwal-s-stunts-hold-but-the-film-lacks-heart/story-wKqmpkuI2t2gm2MmjqrZXK.html|title=Commando 2 movie review: Vidyut Jammwal’s stunts hold, but the film lacks heart|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Kriti Tulsiani of ''[[News18]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "It’s a well-thought film, but not a well-woven one."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/commando-2-review-vidyut-jammwals-action-is-in-high-form-but-dialogues-dilute-the-impact-1355771.html|title=Commando 2 Review: Vidyut Jammwal's Action is in High-form but Dialogues Dilute the Impact|website=[[News18]]}}</ref> ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "Commando 2 is a predictable entertainer that would appeal only to its target audience."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/commando-2/critic-review/commando-2-movie-review/|title=Commando 2 Movie Review|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Award
!Category
!Recipient
!Result
|-
| rowspan="1" | [[Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Action]]
| Franz Spilhaus
| {{nom}}
|-
|}

==Game==
''Commando 2'', an [[action video game|action]] [[mobile video game]] adaptation was developed by [[Zapak Mobile Games Pvt. Ltd.]] to accompany the film's release.

==Sequel==
A sequel titled ''[[Commando 3 (film)|Commando 3]]'' was released on 29 November 2019 in which Vidyut Jammwal and Adah Sharma reprise their roles.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb title|5954088}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|commando_2}}

{{Commando (film series)}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mannan Shaah]]
[[Category:Films scored by Gourov Roshin]]
[[Category:Films about the Research & Analysis Wing]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Ritesh Shah]]
[[Category:Reliance Entertainment films]]
[[Category:Indian martial arts films]]
[[Category:2017 martial arts films]]
[[Category:2017 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films adapted for other media]]
[[Category:Films about finance]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:2017 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Pen Studios films]]

Bertram St. Leger Ten Broeke

2026-03-01T21:18:08Z

Kanna chan: started basic stub basic info

{{Short description|Indian police deputy inspector general}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Bertram St. Leger Ten Broeke
|honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]] [[Military Cross|MC]]
|image =
|image_size =
|caption =
|birth_date = 1895
|birth_place = [[Shimla|Simla]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[India]]
|death_date = 2 November 1962
|death_place = [[London]], [[England]]
|other_names =
|education =
|known_for =
|occupation =
}}

'''Bertram St. Leger Ten Broeke''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CIE|MC}} (1895 – 2 November 1962), was Deputy Inspector-General of the Indian Police in [[Bihar]] between 1939 and 1947 for which he was made [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oCUbAQAAIAAJ&q=bertram+st+leger+ten+broeke|title=The India Office and Burma Office List|date=March 22, 1947|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CpcOAQAAMAAJ&q=bertram+st+leger+ten+broeke|title=The Transfer of Power 1942-7: The fixing of a time limit, 4 November 1946-22 March 1947|first1=India Office|last1=Records|first2=India Office|last2=Library|date=March 22, 1980|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|isbn=9780115800160|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/story/84029|title=Story: Bedford Modern School Eagle Magazine Obituary for B St L Ten-Broeke, CIE, MC died November 1962 | Lives of the First World War|website=livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37598/supplement/2763|title=Page 2763 | Supplement 37598, 4 June 1946 | London Gazette | The Gazette}}</ref> During [[World War I]] he was awarded the [[Military Cross]] for conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty, and was awarded the [[Indian Police Medal]] in 1937.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/13327/page/3600|title=Page 3600 | Issue 13327, 26 September 1918 | Edinburgh Gazette | The Gazette}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxI6AQAAMAAJ&q=bertram+st.+leger+ten+broeke+london+gazette|title=The London Gazette|date=March 22, 1918|via=Google Books}}</ref>

==Life==
Bertram St. Leger Ten Broeke was born in [[Shimla|Simla]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[India]], in 1895.<ref>{{Lives of WWI |id= 514689 | name= Bertram St Leger Ten Broeke }}</ref> He was educated at [[Bedford Modern School]] where he was Head of School and a member of the 1st XV.<ref name="auto2"/> He was the brother of [[Melville Rysdale Ten Broeke]].<ref>''Victoria Daily Times'', British Columbia, Canada, September 27, 1947, p.8</ref>

After school, Ten Broeke was employed in Lancashire on the [[LNWR]] for five years.<ref name="auto2"/> At the outbreak of [[World War I]] he joined the [[King's Regiment (Liverpool)|King's Liverpool Regiment]] before being commissioned into the [[Dorset Regiment]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29759/supplement/9217|title=Page 9217 | Supplement 29759, 22 September 1916 | London Gazette | The Gazette}}</ref> where he served in France for much of the duration of the war.<ref name="auto2"/> He rose to the rank of Captain and was awarded the [[Military Cross]] in 1918 for conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty.<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/> His citation read:’<ref name="auto"/>

<blockquote>For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in a raid by his battalion. He was in charge of the fourth wave, and was responsible for the mopping up, which he carried out with great energy and thoroughness. He obtained valuable identifications and papers from enemy dug-outs, and took some of the occupants prisoners as they were coming out. He did very fine work.</blockquote>

After [[World War I]], Ten Broeke joined the Indian Police quickly rising to the rank of Assistant Superintendent at [[Bihar]] and subsequently [[Odisha|Orissa]].<ref name="auto2"/> He was awarded the [[Indian Police Medal]] in 1937 and was Deputy Inspector-General of the Indian Police in [[Bihar]] between 1939 and 1947.<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oCUbAQAAIAAJ&q=bertram+st+leger+ten+broeke+indian+police+medal|title=The India Office and Burma Office List|date=March 22, 1947|via=Google Books}}</ref>

Following his retirement, Ten Broeke spent two years in [[Vancouver]] before returning to England where he focussed his attention on his interest in Rugby, becoming a Stand Steward at Twickenham to enjoy international matches.<ref name="auto2"/> He died in [[London]] on 2 November 1962 and was survived by his wife and a daughter.<ref name="auto2"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ten Broeke, Bertram St. Leger}}
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Cross]]
[[Category:People educated at Bedford Modern School]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]

Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-24T03:28:27Z

Kanna chan: fix layout also

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| image = Mandalpatti_Hills.jpg
| image_caption = Landscape of Shola Forests, Pushpagiri WLS
| image_size =
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| location = [[Somwarpet]], [[Kodagu]] district, [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Somwarpet]]
| coordinates = {{coord|12|35|0|N|75|40|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| map = India Karnataka#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| coords_ref =
| area = {{cvt|102|km2}}
| established =
| governing_body = Karnataka Forest Department
}}
'''Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary''' is one of the 21 Wildlife Sanctuaries in [[Karnataka]], [[India]].

This sanctuary is located in [[Somwarpet]] taluk of the [[Kodagu district]]. It is home to rare and endangered birdlife.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=18228&m=0
|title=BirdLife IBA Factsheet - Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary
|access-date=2007-02-01
}}</ref> The Kadamakkal reserve forest is a part of the sanctuary. [[Pushpagiri, Karnataka|Pushpagiri]] (Kumara Parvatha) is the highest peak in it. The sanctuary adjoins [[Bisle reserve forest]] to the north and [[Kukke Subramanya]] forest range to the west.

The Pushpagiri Wildlife Sancutuary has been proposed as one of the [[World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2103/
|title=Western Ghats—Talacauvery Sub-Cluster (with Six Site Elements)
|access-date=2007-02-01
}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2103/ Western Ghats UNESCO World Heritage Centre]
* [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=18228&m=0 Important Bird Areas in India - Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary]
{{Kodagu (Coorg) topics}}
{{Protected areas of Karnataka}}
{{Western Ghats}}

[[Category:Establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:North Western Ghats montane rain forests]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:South Western Ghats montane rain forests]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kodagu district]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Karnataka]]

Exide Industries

2026-02-22T08:35:40Z

Kanna chan: created new info

{{short description|Indian multinational battery manufacturing company}}
{{other uses|Exide (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Exide Industries Limited
| logo = Exide.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{plainlist|
*{{BSE|500086}}
*{{NSE|EXIDEIND}}}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|INE302A01020}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|1947}}
| location = Exide House
| hq_location_city = [[Kolkata, West Bengal]]
| location_country = India
| area_served = Worldwide
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|16588|c}} (2024–25)
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|1893|c}} (2024–25)
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|1077|c}} (2024–25)
| key_people = {{plainlist|
*Sridhar Gorthi (Chairman & Independent Director)
*Avik Kumar Roy (MD & CEO)
*Manoj Kumar Agarwal ([[Chief financial officer|CFO]])
}}
| industry = {{plainlist|
*[[Battery (electricity)|Battery manufacturing]]}}
| subsid = {{plainlist|
*Chloride Metals Ltd. (CML)
*Chloride International Ltd. (CIL)
*Chloride Batteries S.E. Asia Pte Ltd (CBSEA)
*Espex Batteries Ltd (ESPEX)
*Associated Battery Manufacturers (CEYLON) LTD. (ABML)
*Exide Energy Solutions Ltd. (EESL)}}
| homepage = {{official URL}}
}}

'''Exide Industries Limited''' ('''Exide''') is an Indian [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[storage battery]] manufacturing company, headquartered in [[Kolkata]], India. It is the largest manufacturer of [[lead-acid battery|lead-acid storage batteries]] and [[power storage]] solutions provider in India.

The company operates ten factories across five states in India, eight of which produce lead-acid batteries and two of which manufacture home UPS systems. The factories are located in [[Ahmednagar]], [[Chinchwad]] and [[Taloja]] in Maharashtra, [[Haldia]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Indiablooms |title=WB Chief Minister inaugurates Exide Industries new plant in Haldia {{!}} Indiablooms – First Portal on Digital News Management |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/finance-details/6236/wb-chief-minister-inaugurates-exide-industries-new-plant-in-haldia.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=Indiablooms.com |language=en}}</ref> and [[Shyamnagar, West Bengal|Shyamnagar]] in West Bengal, [[Roorkee]] and [[Haridwar]] in Uttarakhand, [[Hosur]] in Tamil Nadu, [[Bawal]] in Haryana, and [[Prantij]] in Gujarat.

Exide also has manufacturing facilities in [[Sri Lanka]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exide India’s top brass to join Browns’ 150th anniversary celebrations |url=https://www.dailymirror.lk/print/business-news/Exide-India%E2%80%99s-top-brass-to-join-Browns%E2%80%99-150th-anniversary-celebrations/273-309182 |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.dailymirror.lk |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Browns’ Exide introduces Sri Lanka’s very first E-Care battery warranty {{!}} Daily FT |url=https://www.ft.lk/motor/Browns-Exide-introduces-Sri-Lanka-s-very-first-E-Care-battery-warranty/55-767767 |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.ft.lk |language=English}}</ref> [[UK]] and [[Singapore]] and does business globally through its [[subsidiaries]] and international affiliates.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weerasooriya |first=Sahan |date=2022-03-09 |title=Browns Introduces Exide Matrix – The Battery that Powers the Future |url=http://island.lk/browns-introduces-exide-matrix-the-battery-that-powers-the-future/ |access-date=2023-09-04 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Exide exports<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dasgupta |first=Mithun |date=2024-07-29 |title=Exide Industries to grow exports to 20% of sales in next few years |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/exide-industries-to-grow-exports-to-20-of-sales-in-next-few-years/article68461255.ece |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> its batteries to more than 60 countries.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-09 |title=Exide eyes new mkts to skirt impact |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/exide-eyes-new-mkts-to-skirt-impact/articleshow/102555864.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-04 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Shobha |date=2022-09-06 |title=Exide Industries to ramp up exports to meet their growing demand |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/exide-industries-to-ramp-up-exports-to-meet-their-growing-demand/article65856742.ece |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>

The company has forayed into the manufacturing of lithium-ion cells along with modules and packs through its subsidiary, Exide Energy Solutions Limited (EESL),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ray |first=Atmadip |date=2025-05-13 |title=Exide aims to become a Rs 20000-crore company in the next 2-3 years |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/auto-components/exide-aims-to-become-a-rs-20000-crore-company-in-the-next-2-3-years/articleshow/121143566.cms |access-date=2025-06-24 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-14 |title=Exide eyes Rs 20k cr revenue from lead-acid battery biz in 2 yrs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/exide-eyes-rs-20k-cr-revenue-from-lead-acid-battery-biz-in-2-yrs/articleshow/121147164.cms |access-date=2025-06-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> under which it is setting up a plant in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] to cater to India's EV market as well as stationary applications. EESL is setting up a 12 gigawatt-hour (GWH) green-field cell manufacturing plant in two phases of 6 GWH each. Presently, EESL<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-31 |title=Exide Industries to grow exports to 20% of sales in next few years - India Shipping News |url=https://indiashippingnews.com/exide-industries-to-grow-exports-to-20-of-sales-in-next-few-years/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> is engaged in the production, assembly, and sale of lithium-ion battery modules and packs, through its operating plant based out of [[Prantij]], [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-01 |title=Exide, Chinese firm to make Li-ion EV batteries in India |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/exide-chinese-firm-to-make-li-ion-ev-batteries-in-india/107410 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=fortuneindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=BL Kolkata |date=2022-09-22 |title=Exide Industries to invest ₹6,000 crore on Lithium ion cell unit |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/exide-industries-to-invest-6000-crore-on-lithium-ion-cell-unit/article65922781.ece |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nexcharge starts making lithium-ion battery packs in Gujarat |url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/nexcharge-starts-making-lithiumion-battery-packs-in-gujarat-81694 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=Autocar Professional |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2022-05-05 |title=Nexcharge starts Li-ion battery packs and modules production for EV market |url=https://www.livemint.com/auto-news/nexcharge-starts-li-ion-battery-packs-and-modules-production-for-ev-market-11651761625350.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=BW Online |title=Exide Begins Production At India's Largest Lithium-ion Battery Plant With Leclanche |url=http://businessworld.inhttps//www.businessworld.in/article/Exide-Begins-Production-At-India-s-Largest-Lithium-ion-Battery-Plant-With-Leclanche/06-05-2022-427839 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=BW Businessworld |language=en}}</ref>

Exide through its wholly owned subsidiary, Chloride Metals Limited,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Market |first=Capital |date=2022-03-25 |title=Exide Industries subsidiary starts commercial production at its new plant in Haldia, West Bengal |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/exide-industries-subsidiary-starts-commercial-production-at-its-new-plant-in-haldia-west-bengal-122032500348_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320081524/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/exide-industries-subsidiary-starts-commercial-production-at-its-new-plant-in-haldia-west-bengal-122032500348_1.html |archive-date=2023-03-20 |access-date=2025-06-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2024-07-30 |title=Exide invests over ₹2.7k crore towards sustainability |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/exide-industries-invests-in-sustainability-with-focus-on-lithium-ion-cells-and-lead-recycling/articleshow/112120790.cms |access-date=2025-06-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=India |first=T&D |date=2022-03-25 |title=Exide commissions greenfield battery recycling plant |url=https://www.tndindia.com/exide-commissions-greenfield-battery-recycling-plant/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=Your Gateway to Power Transmission & Distribution |language=en-US}}</ref> operates 3 lead recycling facilities in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exide Industries commences production at new facility of battery recycling in West Bengal |url=https://indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/exide-industries-commences-production-at-new-facility-of-battery-recycling-in-west-bengal-122032500194_1.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=indiainfoline.com |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
In India, as in many other erstwhile colonies of Great Britain, Exide batteries were imported for many years before the [[Chloride Electrical Storage Company|Chloride Electrical Storage Company (CESCO)]] was finally set up in 1920. It started only as an assembling and manufacturing facility and the first manufacturing unit was set up in Shyamnagar, West Bengal in 1947. This marked the momentous entry of Associated Battery Makers Eastern Limited (ABMEL) in the Indian industrial scenario.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

For road vehicles, ABMEL's principal brands were Exide and Dagenite (used by [[Rolls-Royce|Rolls Royce]]) but the company was changing its course on other tracks too. Exide "Iron Clad" batteries powered the Railways and in 1963, following the Chinese aggression, the company doubled its production of special defence batteries. The same year saw the manufacture of large stationary batteries for railway track electrification.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

The rapid rate of expansion was seen with the establishment of a second factory in 1969 at Chinchwad, Maharashtra to cater to the growing demand for automobile batteries and was strategically established near automobile Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs).{{cn|date=May 2024}}

== Products ==

Exide's product range includes batteries<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exide Industries in advanced talks with 2Ws, 3W player for battery manufacturing |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/exide-industries-in-advanced-talks-with-2ws-3w-player-for-battery-manufacturing-13014439.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521194648/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/exide-industries-in-advanced-talks-with-2ws-3w-player-for-battery-manufacturing-13014439.html |archive-date=2025-05-21 |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US}}</ref> that are used in automotive, industrial, inverter, and home UPS applications. Automotive batteries are used for SLI application across 2-wheelers, 3-wheelers, and 4-wheelers (Cars, Jeeps, Buses & Trucks) as well as for primary power sources in E-rickshaws. Its industrial usage includes segments such as power (both conventional and renewable), telecom, infrastructure projects, IT/ITES industries, railways, mining, and defence sectors. Exide is also present in the battery energy storage business where it designs and integrates power generated through renewables for use in remote areas of the country. Also, Exide supplies submarine<ref name=":0" /> batteries to the Indian Navy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 finest Exide tubular batteries to boost your inverters |url=https://shopnow.hindustantimes.com/home-kitchen/other-electronic-appliances/10-finest-exide-tubular-batteries-to-boost-your-inverters-201679822128414.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=HT Affiliate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Editorial |date=2023-01-20 |title=WT Kolkata creates series of films for Exide on how everyday can be a sunday |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/wt-kolkata-creates-series-of-films-for-exide-on-how-everyday-can-be-a-sunday/ |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=MediaNews4U |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Exide enters EV business in India |url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/exide-enters-india-ev-market-with-a-threewheeler-44387 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=Autocar Professional |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-17 |title=Exide Industries forays into e-rickshaws, launches 'Exide Neo' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/exide-industries-forays-e-rickshaws-launches-exide-nido-110666 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

== Research and Development ==
The company's Research and Development Centre in Kolkata, West Bengal was established in 1976.

Also, Exide's R&D has partnerships with entities such as Moura Batteries in Brazil, Furukawa Battery in Japan, East Penn in the USA, Advance Battery Concepts in the USA, and SVOLT Energy Solutions Company Ltd in China (for Lithium-ion Cell Manufacturing).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravichandran |first=Dhiyanesh |title=Exide Industries to collaborate with SVOLT for lithium-ion cell manufacturing |url=https://etn.news/iesa-contacts-menu/4765-exide-industries-svolt-partnership-lithium-ion-cell-manufacturing |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=Emerging Technology News |language=en-gb}}</ref>

== Recycling ==
Chloride Metals Limited (CML) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Exide Industries Limited, engaged in the recycling<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> of lead-acid batteries. CML operates three secondary smelting and refining facilities in India. These plants recover lead and lead alloys from end-of-life batteries, which are then reused in the manufacturing of new batteries.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

== Subsidiaries ==
*Chloride Metals Ltd. (CML)
*Chloride International Ltd. (CIL)
*Chloride Batteries S.E. Asia Pte Ltd (CBSEA)
*Espex Batteries Ltd (ESPEX)
*Associated Battery Manufacturers (CEYLON) LTD. (ABML)
*Exide Energy Solutions Ltd. (EESL)

== Relationship with Exide Technologies ==

Chloride Electric Storage Co. Ltd. (CESCO) was the [[United Kingdom]]–based division of the United States–based Electric Storage Battery Company (ESBC), a predecessor to today's [[Exide Technologies]]. In 1947, ESBC was forced to sell off CESCO following the decisions of a United States district court, and CESCO held the "Exide" trademark in the UK, and later sold batteries under the Exide name in India. In 1991, CESCO's successor, Chloride Group plc, fully divested its trademark in India and battery manufacturing operations to its current management.<ref>{{cite web |title=Exide Technologies vs Exide Industries Ltd. And Ors. on 2 August, 2016 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/169218930/ |access-date=9 July 2019}}</ref> In 1997, Exide Industries filed a lawsuit against Exide Technologies of the United States when the latter tried entering the Indian market, and both companies entered a prolonged legal battle that was heard by the [[Delhi High Court]], which led to a 2012 verdict that Exide Industries was the legal owner of the Exide trademark in India.

An appeal was filed and in 2017, it was ruled that while Exide Industries was the trademark owner in India, Exide Technologies held the goodwill of the "Exide" name and both companies had a legitimate claim to use of the name in the Indian market. A further appeal from the Indian company that went to the [[Supreme Court of India]] led to a stay of the verdict, however, there was a restraining order on the use of the "Exide" name from the American company until the final verdict. Both parties settled in 2017, with an out of court settlement from Exide Industries to Exide Technologies, terms being that Exide Technologies waives any rights to the "Exide" trademark in India in perpetuity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khuranaandkhurana.com/2017/12/18/exide-industries-limited-vs-exide-corporation-u-s-a-ors/|title=Exide Industries Limited vs. Exide Corporation, U.S.A. & Ors. | Khurana and Khurana}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nifty 200 companies}}

[[Category:Motor vehicle battery manufacturers]]
[[Category:Consumer battery manufacturers]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1947]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1947]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Glamanand Supermodel India 2018

2026-02-21T14:08:08Z

Kanna chan: created a pg

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox beauty pageant
| winner = '''[[Tanishqa Bhosale]]'''<ref>{{cite web| url=https://m.beautypageants.in/miss-international/tanishqa-bhosle-to-represent-india-at-miss-international-2018/eventshow/65871335.cms| title=Tanishqa Bhosale to represent India at Miss International 2018| last = | first = | date = 19 September 2018| publisher =Times of India| access-date =15 October 2018}}</ref> (Glamanand Miss International India) '''Simran Sharma''' (Glamanand Miss Multinational India) '''Devika Vaid''' (Glamanand Miss Earth India)<ref name="gsi1">{{cite web|title=Meet the winners of the Glamanand Supermodel India 2018|url=https://www.voodly.in/meet-winners-glamanand-supermodel-india-2018/|work=voodly.in|accessdate=27 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="gsi7">{{cite news|title=Devika Vaid crowned Miss India Earth 2018|date=19 September 2018|url=https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-earth/devika-vaid-crowned-miss-india-earth-2018/eventshow/65872357.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|accessdate=19 November 2019|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105023653/https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-earth/devika-vaid-crowned-miss-india-earth-2018/eventshow/65872357.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| represented =
| theme =
| image =
| caption =
| date = 17 September 2018<ref name="gsi3">{{cite web|title=Glamanand Supermodel India 2018 to Launch on 11th September, with the Grand Finale on 17th September|url=https://listings.thetimesblog.com/glamanand-supermodel-india-2018|work=thetimesblog.com|accessdate=27 September 2018}}</ref>
| best national costume = Praachi Nagpal [[Hyderabad]]
| congeniality = Nishi Bharadwaj [[New Delhi]]
| photogenic = Namrata Sharma [[Maharashtra]]
| presenters = Simran Ahuja
| acts =
| venue = [[Kingdom of Dreams]], [[Gurugram]], [[India]]<ref name="gsi1"/>
| broadcaster =
| entrants = 24
| placements = 12
| before = [[Glamanand Supermodel India 2015|2015]]
| next = 2019
}}
'''Glamanand Supermodel India 2018''' was the fourth edition of the [[Glamanand Supermodel India]] pageant.<ref name="gsi3"/> It concluded on 17 September 2018 at the [[Kingdom of Dreams]] in [[Gurugram]], Delhi, India.<ref name="Tanishqa_Dailyhunt" /><ref name="Tanishqa_Airnews" /> At the conclusion of the event, 19 year old [[Tanishqa Bhosale]] from [[Pune]] was crowned Glamanand Miss India International 2018 by outgoing titleholder Ankita Kumari and represented India at the [[Miss International 2018]] pageant that took place in [[Japan]].<ref name="Tanishqa_Dailyhunt">{{cite web| url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/bangladesh/english/news+patrolling-epaper-newspatr/meet+the+winners+of+the+glamanand+supermodel+india+2018-newsid-97276583/amp| title=Tanishqa Bhosale wins Glamanand Supermodel India 2018| last = | first = | date = 24 September 2018| publisher =Dailyhunt news| access-date =}}</ref><ref name="Tanishqa_Airnews">{{cite web| url=http://airnewsindia.com/tag/miss-india-international-tanishqa-bhosle/| title=Tanishqa Bhosale is Miss International India 2018| last = | first = | date = 7 October 2018| publisher =Airnews India| access-date =}}</ref>

Apart from Bhosale, 19-year-old Simran Sharma from Jaipur was crowned Glamanand Miss Multinational India 2018 and represented [[India]] at Miss Multinational 2018 beauty pageant in [[New Delhi]] India.

26 year old Devika Vaid<ref name="gsi7"/> from Delhi was crowned Glamanand Miss India Earth 2018 by outgoing titleholder Shaan Suhas Kumar (Miss Earth India 2017).<ref name="gsi5">{{cite web|title=Miss Earth India 2018 award goes to Devika Vaid
|url=http://awardgoesto.com/miss-earth-india-2018-devika-vaid/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919100025/http://awardgoesto.com/miss-earth-india-2018-devika-vaid/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=19 September 2018|work=awardgoesto.com|accessdate=27 September 2018}}</ref> Shweta Parmar and Simran Sharma were adjudged first and second runners up, respectively.<ref name="gsi2">{{cite web|title=Glamanand Supermodel India 2018 winners|url=https://www.socultures.com/and-the-winner-is-glamanand-supermodel-india-2018/|work=socultures.com|accessdate=27 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="gsi4">{{cite web|title=Meet the winners of Glamanand Supermodel India 2018|url=https://cityairnews.com/content/meet-winners-glamanand-supermodel-india-2018|work=cityairnews.com|accessdate=27 September 2018}}</ref> Devika Vaid was supposed to represent India at [[Miss Earth 2018]], but 10 days prior to the international pageant, she suffered a leg injury. Nishi Baradwaj, 23-year-old model and semifinalist of Glamanand Supermodel India 2018, was named as her replacement. Deepshika, too was replaced by Simran Sharma for Miss Multinational 2018.

==Results==
===Placements===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Placement
! Contestant
! International Placement
|-
|'''Glamanand Supermodel International 2018'''
|
*'''[[Pune]] – [[Tanishqa Bhosale]]'''<ref name="gsi1"/><ref name="gsi4"/>
| {{Center|Unplaced}}
|-
|'''Glamanand Supermodel Multinational 2018'''
| rowspan="2" |
*'''[[Jaipur]]''' – '''Simran Sharma'''<ref name="gsi1"/><ref name="gsi4"/>
| style="background:#89CFF0;" |{{center|Top 8}}
|-
|'''Glamanand Supermodel Grand International 2020'''
| {{Center|Unplaced}}
|-
|'''Glamanand Supermodel Earth 2018'''
|
*'''[[New Delhi]]''' – Devika vaid<ref name="gsi1"/><ref name="gsi4"/><ref name="gsi5"/><ref name="gsi7"/>
| {{Center|Unplaced}}
|-
|'''1st Runner Up'''
|
*'''[[Gurugram]]''' – '''Shewta Parmar'''<ref name="gsi1"/>
|}

==Special awards==

{|class="wikitable"
!Award
!Contestant
|-
|'''Miss Environment'''
| Devika Vaid<ref name="gsi5"/><ref name="gsi7"/>
|-
|'''Best in Speech'''
| Devika Vaid<ref name="gsi5"/><ref name="gsi7"/>
|-
|'''Best Smile'''
|Eesha Agrawal
|-
|'''Miss Congeniality'''
| Nishi Bhardwaj
|-
|'''Best in Rampwalk'''
| Nishi Bhardwaj
|-
|'''Beauty For A Cause'''
| Praachi Nagpal
|-
|'''Beauty with Brains'''
| Praachi Nagpal
|-
|'''Best in National Costume'''
| Praachi Nagpal
|-
|'''Miss Beautiful Skin'''
| Simran Sharma
|-
|'''Miss Timeless Beauty'''
| Tanishqa Bhosale
|-
|'''Best in Talent'''
| Udita Tanwar
|-
|'''Best in Fitness'''
| Udita Tanwar
|-
|'''Miss Multimedia'''
| Deepshikha Sharma
|-
|'''Best in Swimwear'''
| Deepshikha Sharma
|-
|}

==Contestants==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! No.!! Contestant !! Age !! Hometown
|-
|01 || Aashna Shaikh || 24 || Pune
|-
|02 || Anisha Mukherjee || 22 || Kolkata
|-
|03 || Arnitha Damparala || 26 || Hyderabad
|-
|04 || Devika Vaid<ref name="gsi2"/><ref name="gsi5"/><ref name="gsi7"/> || 26 || [[New Delhi]]
|-
|05 || Eesha Agrawal || 22 || [[New Delhi]]
|-
|06 || Hantsula Yimchunger<ref>{{cite web|title=Hantsula Yimchunger to represent Nagaland at Glamanand Supermodels 2018|url=http://morungexpress.com/hantsula-yimchunger-to-represent-nagaland-at-glamanand-supermodels-2018/|work=morungexpress.com|accessdate=27 September 2018|archive-date=8 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108150550/http://morungexpress.com/hantsula-yimchunger-to-represent-nagaland-at-glamanand-supermodels-2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref> || 26 || Nagaland
|-
|07 || Madhushree Gupta || 25 || Ranchi
|-
|08 || Manisha Singh || 26 || [[New Delhi]]
|-
|09 || Nishi Bhardwaj || 23 || [[New Delhi]]
|-
|10 || Gagan Kaur Ahuja || 25 || Chandigarh
|-
|11 || Praachi Nagpal || 20 || Hyderabad
|-
|12 || Rupanshi Rana || 23 || Shimla
|-
|13 || Sakshi Khandelwal || 18 || Pune
|-
|14 || Shweta Parmar || 19 || Guwahati
|-
|15 || Sibisha Phukan || 20 ||[[Mumbai]]
|-
|16 || Simran Sharma || 19 || Jaipur
|-
|18 || Tanishqa Bhosale<ref name="gsi2"/> || 19 || Pune
|-
|19 || Tanshuman Gurung || 25 || Nanital
|-
|20 || Udita Tanwar || 23 || Jaipur
|-
|21 || Vaishnavie Chauhan || 21 || Hamirpur
|-
|22 || Pearl Almeida || 26 || Mumbai
|-
|23 || Deepshikha Sharma || 23 || Kashmir
|-
|24 || Nandini Kumari || 21 || Jamshedpur
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.supermodelindia.in/ Glamanand Supermodel India website]

[[Category:Beauty pageants in India]]
[[Category:Miss Earth]]
[[Category:2018 beauty pageants]]
[[Category:Miss International]]

Anil Kumble

2026-02-19T18:51:26Z

Kanna chan: improved page as per guidelines for consistency

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1970)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Anil Kumble
| image = Anil Kumble (1).jpg
| caption = Kumble in October 2019
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1970|10|17}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore State]] (now [[Karnataka]]), India
| heightft =
| heightinch =
| nickname = Jumbo
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = [[leg spin|Leg break]]
| role = [[Bowler (cricket)|Bowler]]
| family =
| international = true
| internationalspan = 1990–2008
| country = India
| testdebutdate = 9 August
| testdebutyear = 1990
| testdebutagainst = England
| testcap = 192
| lasttestdate = 29 October
| lasttestyear = 2008
| lasttestagainst = Australia
| odidebutdate = 25 April
| odidebutyear = 1990
| odidebutagainst = Sri Lanka
| odicap = 78
| lastodidate = 19 March
| lastodiyear = 2007
| lastodiagainst = Bermuda
| odishirt = 37 (previously 18, 8)
| club1 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|1989/90–2008/09}}
| club2 = [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]]
| year2 = 1995
| club3 = [[Leicestershire County Cricket Club|Leicestershire]]
| year3 = 2000
| club4 = [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]]
| year4 = 2006
| club5 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| year5 = 2008–2010
| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches1 = 132
| matches2 = 271
| matches3 = 244
| matches4 = 380
| runs1 = 2506
| runs2 = 938
| runs3 = 5572
| runs4 = 1456
| bat avg1 = 17.77
| bat avg2 = 10.53
| bat avg3 = 21.77
| bat avg4 = 11.20
| 100s/50s1 = 1/5
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| 100s/50s3 = 7/17
| 100s/50s4 = 0/0
| top score1 = 110[[not out|*]]
| top score2 = 26
| top score3 = 154[[not out|*]]
| top score4 = 30[[not out|*]]
| deliveries1 = 40,850
| deliveries2 = 14,496
| deliveries3 = 66,931
| deliveries4 = 20,247
| wickets1 = 619
| wickets2 = 337
| wickets3 = 1136
| wickets4 = 514
| bowl avg1 = 29.65
| bowl avg2 = 30.89
| bowl avg3 = 25.83
| bowl avg4 = 27.58
| fivefor1 = 35
| fivefor2 = 2
| fivefor3 = 72
| fivefor4 = 3
| tenfor1 = 8
| tenfor2 = 0
| tenfor3 = 20
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling1 = 10/74
| best bowling2 = 6/12
| best bowling3 = 10/74
| best bowling4 = 6/12
| catches/stumpings1 = 60/–
| catches/stumpings2 = 85/–
| catches/stumpings3 = 120/–
| catches/stumpings4 = 122/–
| medaltemplates = 
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Cricket World Cup|ICC Cricket World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003 South Africa-Zimbabwe-Kenya]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ICC Champions Trophy]]|}}
{{Medal|Winner|[[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002 Sri Lanka]]|}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000 Kenya]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ACC Asia Cup]]|}}
{{Medal|W|[[1995 Asia Cup|1995 United Arab Emirates]]|}}
{{Medal|RU|[[1997 Asia Cup|1997 Sri Lanka]]|}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2004 Asia Cup|2004 Sri Lanka]]|}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}} as Coach
{{MedalCompetition|[[ICC Champions Trophy]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017 England and Wales]]|}}
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/30176.html espncricinfo
| date = 8 November
| year = 2016
}}

'''Anil Kumble''' ({{ipa|hi|ənɪl kʊmbleː|ipa|Anil_Kumble.ogg}}; born 17 October 1970) is a former Indian cricketer, captain, coach and commentator who played [[Test cricket|Test]] and [[One Day International]] cricket for his national team over an international career of 18 years.<ref>{{cite news |title=Board of Control for Cricket in India Commentators Anil Kumble and Sanjay Manjrekar Get Rs 39 and 36 lakh. Cricket News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/board-of-control-for-cricket-in-india-commentators-anil-kumble-and-sanjay-manjrekar-get-rs-39-and-36-lakh-1487297 |access-date=17 April 2022 |work=NDTV |date= 8 February 2016 |language=en}}</ref> A right-arm [[leg spin]] bowler,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Divyaditya |date=16 October 2024 |title=On This Day: Great Indian spinner Anil Kumble was born in 1970 |url=https://www.sportstiger.com/news/on-this-day-great-indian-spinner-anil-kumble-was-born-in-1970 |access-date=18 October 2024 |website=SportsTiger |language=en}}</ref> regarded as one of the greatest bowlers in cricket history,<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2024 |title=David Lloyd sparks controversy by ranking Abdul Qadir above Anil Kumble as third greatest spinner of all-time |url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket-news/david-lloyd-sparks-controversy-by-ranking-abdul-qadir-above-anil-kumble-as-third-greatest-spinner-of-all-time/ |access-date=18 October 2024 |website=cricketaddictor.com |language=en-us}}</ref> he took 619 [[wicket]]s in Test cricket and was the third-highest wicket taker of all time at the time of his retirement in 2008.

Born in [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore State]] (now [[Karnataka]]), Kumble developed an early interest in cricket as he grew up watching players like [[B. S. Chandrasekhar]] before becoming a full-fledged cricketer. He made his [[First-class cricket|first-class]] debut at the age of 19 while representing [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]. Soon he was picked up for the [[Austral-Asia Cup#Second edition 1990|Austral-Asia Cup]] in 1990 before making his Test debut against England later that year. Since then, he played 132 Test matches and was responsible for many of India's victories. In 1999, while playing against Pakistan, Kumble dismissed all ten batsmen in a Test match innings, joining [[England cricket team|England]]'s [[Jim Laker]] as the second player to achieve the feat.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lal |first=Kuldip |date=7 February 1999 |title=Kumble takes all 10 wickets as India rout Pakistan |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/PAK_IN_IND/SCORECARDS/PAK_IND_T2_04-08FEB1999_AFP_MR/PAK_IND_T2_07FEB1999_AFP_MR.html |access-date=19 May 2012 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name="allten2">{{cite news |author=Ayanjit Sen |date=2 December 2004 |title=Kumble reaps reward for commitment |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/other_international/4061169.stm |access-date=9 August 2007 |work=BBC}}</ref><ref name="Garg20102">{{cite book |last=Garg |first=Chitra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fq1wdzqhu6kC&pg=PA128 |title=Indian Champions Profiles of Famous Indian Sportspersons |publisher=Rajpal & Sons |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-7028-852-7 |page=128}}</ref> He became a part of the regular ODI team during the early 1990s and had some of the best performances during this time. The year 1996 proved to very successful for him as he was selected for the [[1996 Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] and emerged as the most successful bowler of the tournament, taking 15 wickets in seven matches at an [[Bowling average|average]] of 18.73.

Unlike his contemporaries, Kumble was not a big turner of the ball, but relied primarily on pace, bounce, and accuracy. He was nicknamed "Jumbo", as his deliveries, for a spinner, were "as fast as a jumbo jet".<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 2016 |title=Anil Kumble reveals how he got his nickname 'Jumbo' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/cricket/120716/team-india-coach-anil-kumble-reveals-how-he-got-his-nickname-jumbo.html |access-date=3 January 2017 |newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> He was selected as the Cricketer of the Year in 1993 ''[[Indian Cricket (annual)|Indian Cricket]]'', and one of the [[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|''Wisden'']] [[Wisden Cricketers of the Year|Cricketers of the Year]] three years later. He was a member of the Indian team that was one of the joint-winners of the [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy]], where the title was shared with Sri Lanka.

Kumble was awarded the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian honour in 2005. After having played for 18 years, he announced his retirement from international cricket in November 2008. In October 2012, he was appointed the chairman of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC)'s cricket committee.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/kumble-to-be-chairman-icc-cricket-committee/30418| title=Kumble to be chairman of ICC Cricket Committee| publisher=Wisden India| date=10 October 2012| access-date=11 October 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909205103/http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/kumble-to-be-chairman-icc-cricket-committee/30418| archive-date=9 September 2014| url-status=dead}}</ref>

Between 2012 and 2015, Kumble held positions as a chief mentor for the teams [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] and [[Mumbai Indians]] in the [[Indian Premier League]]. In February 2015, he became the fourth Indian cricketer to be inducted into [[ICC Hall of Fame]]. He also served as the head coach of the [[India national cricket team|Indian cricket team]] between 2016 and 2017. From 2020 to 2022, he served as the head coach and the director of cricket operations of the IPL team [[Punjab Kings]].<ref name="KXIP" /><ref name="PKEND">{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-news-punjab-kings-part-ways-with-anil-kumble-and-look-for-new-head-coach-1330563|title=Punjab Kings part ways with Anil Kumble and look for new head coach|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=25 August 2022|access-date=2 January 2025}}</ref>

==Early and personal life==
[[File:Kumble and Gang.jpg|thumb|left|200px]]
Kumble was born on 17 October 1970 in [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore State]] (now [[Karnataka]]), to Krishna Swamy and Saroja who both hail from [[Kumbla]] near [[Kasaragod]], [[Kerala]].<ref name="joy">{{cite web|author=MD Ritti|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/1999/feb/15c.htm|title= 10 wickets – and phone overload|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=15 February 1999|access-date=9 August 2007}}</ref><ref name="adieu"/> He has a brother named Dinesh.<ref>{{cite news|title=Anil Kumble, with his son Mayas, as he announces his retirement from ODIs|date=30 March 2007|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/image/288041.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 May 2012}}</ref> His mother tongue is [[Kannada]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anil Kumble|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154408.html|date=6 September 2007|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref>

Kumble did his primary schooling in Holy Saint English School and he completed his Class X from [[National High School, Basavanagudi|National High School Basavanagudi]]. He began playing cricket on the streets of [[Bangalore]] and joined a club called "Young Cricketers" at the age of 13. After his high school he completed his Class XII from [[National College Basavanagudi|National Pre-University College Basavanagudi]]. He later graduated from [[Rashtreeya Vidyalaya College of Engineering]] (RVCE) in [[Bachelor of Engineering|B.E]] [[Mechanical Engineering]] in 1991–92.<ref>{{cite news|last=Khan |first=Tanvir |title=Anil Kumble: The Last Samurai |url=http://zeenews.india.com/kumble/story.aspx?aid=480442 |access-date=15 May 2012 |newspaper=Zee News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620210101/http://zeenews.india.com/kumble/story.aspx?aid=480442 |archive-date=20 June 2013 }}</ref>

Kumble married Chetana in 1999.<ref name="midday">{{cite web |author=Hemanth Kashyap |date=14 July 2008 |title=Bitter-battle |url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2008/jul/140708bnews1.htm |access-date=6 June 2012 |work=MidDay}}</ref> They have three children – a son named Mayas, and two daughters, Aaruni and Svasti.<ref>
{{cite web |title=Anil Kumble |url=http://www.indianmirror.com/games/cricket/former-player-anil.html |access-date=6 June 2012 |work=Indian Mirror}}</ref> He is a [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Farheen |date=11 June 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/veg-food-to-debut-kumble-reminisces-uk-memories/articleshow/92138677.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230125120500/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/veg-food-to-debut-kumble-reminisces-uk-memories/articleshow/92138677.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 January 2023 |title=Bengaluru: Veg food to debut, Anil Kumble reminisces UK memories |work=The Times of India |access-date=24 January 2023}}</ref>

==Career==
===Early domestic career and international career ===

Kumble made his first-class debut for [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]] against [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]] on 30 November 1989, taking 4 wickets and bagging a [[king pair]]. He was then selected for India Under-19s against Pakistan Under-19s, scoring 113 in the first test and 76 in the second. He made his ODI debut against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] at [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]] in the [[Austral-Asia Cup]] on 25 April 1990.<ref name="Cricinfo2008">{{cite book| author =ESPNcricinfo| title = The ESPNcricinfo Guide to International Cricket 2009| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iNEPngEACAAJ&pg=PA92|year=2008| publisher=Hardie Grant Publishing| isbn = 978-1-74066-683-1|page=92}}</ref> He played one more game in the series against Pakistan and ended up picking two wickets. His Test debut came in the same year when [[Indian cricket team in England in 1990|India toured England]] for a three-test series.<ref>{{cite web|title=India in England, 1990|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/60568.html|access-date=23 May 2012}}</ref> It was the second test of the series played at [[Old Trafford cricket ground|Manchester]] and he picked up 3 wickets conceding 105 runs in the first innings and went wicket-less in the second innings of the match which resulted in a draw.<ref>{{cite web|title=India tour of England, 1990|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63535.html|access-date=23 May 2012}}</ref> He did not play any Tests until 1992. He picked up 13/138 in [[Irani Trophy]] against [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]] for Rest of India which ensured the latter's victory.<ref>{{cite news|last=Banarji|first=Ajai|title=IND: Domestic Season 1992/93 – Scores Summaries|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1992-93/IND_LOCAL/FC_1992-93-SUMMARY.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Delhi vs Rest of India|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/369653.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2012}}</ref> This performance helped him earn a place in the Indian team that toured [[South Africa cricket team|South Africa]] and [[Zimbabwe cricket team|Zimbabwe]]. It was during the [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 1992–93|1992 Indian tour of South Africa]] that he established himself as a quality spinner, taking eight wickets in the second Test. He took 18 wickets at an average of 25.94 and with an economy rate of 1.84 in the four-test series.<ref>{{cite news|last=Khan|first=Feroz|title=India in South Africa Oct 1992/Jan 1993 – Test Averages|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1992-93/IND_IN_RSA/IND_IN_RSA_OCT1992-JAN1993_TEST_AVS.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2012}}</ref> Later that year, when England toured India, Kumble took 21 wickets in three Tests at an average of 19.8.<ref>{{cite news|title=England in India Jan/Mar 1993 : Test Averages|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1992-93/ENG_IN_IND/ENG_IN_IND_JAN-MAR1993_TEST_AVS.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2012}}</ref> He picked up seven wickets for 165 runs in the third Test of the series played at [[Wankhede Stadium|Bombay]] as India went on to win the match by an innings and 15 runs.<ref>{{cite news|title=England in India 1993|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1992-93/ENG_IN_IND/ENG_IN_IND_JAN-MAR1993_RESULTS-SUMMARY.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2012}}</ref> He was adjudged [[man of the match]] for his performance.<ref>{{cite news|title=England tour of India, 1992/93|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63600.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2012}}</ref>

Kumble took his first 50 Test wickets in 10 matches; the record remained the fastest by an Indian bowler, until [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] surpassed him by achieving the feat in nine matches. His 100 Test wickets in 21 Test matches, the second fastest by an Indian bowler<ref name="lords">{{cite web|title=Profile: Anil Kumble |url=http://www.lords.org/mcc/mcc-world-cricket-committee/profile-anil-kumble,937,AR.html |access-date=23 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603195354/http://www.lords.org/mcc/mcc-world-cricket-committee/profile-anil-kumble%2C937%2CAR.html |archive-date=3 June 2012 }}</ref> after [[E.A.S. Prasanna|Erapalli Prasanna]] (who took 100 wickets in 20 matches). On 27 November 1993, he took six wickets for 12 runs in an ODI against the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] at [[Eden Gardens]], [[Calcutta]] in the final of the [[1993 Hero Cup|Hero Cup]], which was the best ODI bowling record by an Indian for very long time,<ref>{{cite news|title=C.A.B. Jubilee Tournament (Hero Cup), 1993/94|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65973.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wisden|first=John|title=Hero Cup 1993–94, final|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/151071.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 May 2012}}</ref> before it was broken by [[Stuart Binny]] on 17 June 2014 against [[Bangladesh Cricket Board|Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Stuart Binny|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-india-2014/content/current/player/27223.html
|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref> In January 1994, when Sri Lanka toured India, Kumble picked up his first 10 wicket haul in his 14th match which ensured India's victory by an innings and 119 runs. He picked up 11 wickets for 128 runs in the match.<ref>{{cite news|title=1st Test: India vs. Sri Lanka|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63631.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 June 2012}}</ref>

In [[1995 English cricket season]] Kumble played for [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]] and was the leading wicket taker with 105 wickets at the average of 20.40.<ref>{{cite news|title=First Class Season 1995 – First Class Bowling Averages|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1995/ENG_LOCAL/ENG_FC_1995_BOWL_AVS.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 June 2012}}</ref> He was the only bowler to take more than 100 wickets during that season.<ref>{{cite news|title=First Class Season 1995 – Statistical Highlights|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1995/ENG_LOCAL/ENG_FC_1995_STATS.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 June 2012}}</ref> His best performance came against [[Hampshire County Cricket Club|Hampshire]] in a drawn match in [[County Championship]], picking up 13 wickets for 192 runs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Northamptonshire v Hampshire Scorecard|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1995/ENG_LOCAL/CC/R12/NORTHANTS_HANTS_CC_20-24JUL1995.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 June 2012}}</ref> This performance in the English county cricket was noted by [[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden]] as they named him one of their [[Wisden Cricketers of the Year|five Cricketers of the Year]] in 1996.<ref>{{cite news|title=WISDEN|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/293203.html?years=1996|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 June 2012|date = 3 May 2007}}</ref>

===1996 World Cup===
{{further|1996 Cricket World Cup}}

The year 1996 proved to be extremely successful for Kumble as he claimed 61 ODI wickets at an average of 20.24.<ref>{{cite news|title=Statistics – – A Kumble – One-Day Internationals|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/30176.html?class=2;spanmax1=31+Dec+1999;spanmin1=01+Jan+1990;spanval1=span;template=results;type=allround|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 May 2012}}</ref> All in all, he was the leading wicket-taker in the calendar year with 90 wickets at an average of 24.14 in Tests and ODIs combined.<ref name="mostwickets">{{cite news|title=Most wickets in a calendar year|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283959.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 June 2012}}</ref> He was selected in the Indian team for the [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996 World Cup]]. He was a part of all the seven matches that India played, and was the leading wicket-taker in the tournament with 15 wickets at an average of 18.73.<ref>{{cite news|title=Leading wicket takers of 1996 cricket world cup|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=722;type=tournament|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 May 2012}}</ref> India played their first match against [[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]] where he took three for 28 runs, which helped to restrict Kenya for just 199/6 in their 50 overs. India won the match comfortably by seven wickets.<ref>{{cite news|title=India vs Kenya 6th match|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65161.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 May 2012}}</ref> In the subsequent matches he picked up three for 35 runs (against [[West Indies national cricket team|West Indies]]) and two wickets for 39 runs (against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]]) in group phase.<ref>{{cite news|title=India vs West Indies 10th match|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65165.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India vs Sri Lanka 24th match|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65179.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 May 2012}}</ref>

India played against Pakistan in the quarter-final phase, where Kumble picked up 3 for 48 in the match which India eventually won.<ref>{{cite news|title=India vs Pakistan 2nd Q/F|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65187.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 May 2012}}</ref> In the semi-final they subsequently lost to Sri Lanka in which his performance was 1 for 51.<ref>{{cite news|title=India vs Sri Lanka 1st S/F|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65190.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref>

===Setting records and rise through the ranks===
[[File:Anil Kumble - Boxing Day.jpg|thumb|Anil Kumble bowling in the Boxing Day Test Match at Melbourne]]
In October 1996, Kumble along with [[Javagal Srinath]] helped India to win a scintillating ODI match against Australia in Bangalore in the [[Titan Cup]]. The duo added 52 runs for 9th wicket partnership, after [[Sachin Tendulkar]] got out at 88 when India was 164/8, chasing a target of 216 runs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Titan Cup – 3rd match-India v Australia-Scorecard-21 October 1996|work=Cricinfo |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66061.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Javagal Srinath and Anil Kumble seal thrilling win in nervous run-chase against Australia in Titan Cup 1996 |url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/cricket-articles/Javagal-Srinath-and-Anil-Kumble-seal-thrilling-win-in-nervous-run-chase-against-Australia-in-Titan-Cup-1996/32458 |publisher=Cricket Country |access-date=27 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023084554/http://www.cricketcountry.com/cricket-articles/Javagal-Srinath-and-Anil-Kumble-seal-thrilling-win-in-nervous-run-chase-against-Australia-in-Titan-Cup-1996/32458 |archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> India eventually went on to win the [[Titan Cup]]. In February 1997 India visited the West Indies for a series of five tests and four ODIs.<ref>{{cite web|title=India in West Indies, Feb–May 1997|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1996-97/IND_IN_WI/|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2012}}</ref> Kumble was part of the squad and he was the leading wicket-taker in the Test series. He picked up 19 wickets, averaging 30.31 with the ball.<ref>{{cite web|title=Test Series 1996/97 Averages|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1996-97/IND_IN_WI/IND_IN_WI_FEB-MAY1997_TEST_AVS.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2012}}</ref> Kumble was the leading wicket-taker by a large margin when Australia visited India for the [[Border-Gavaskar Trophy]] in 1998. He picked up 23 wickets in 3 test matches at the average of 18.26.<ref>{{cite web|title=Border-Gasakar Trophy 1997/98 Averages|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1997-98/AUS_IN_IND/AUS_IN_IND_FEB-APR1998_TEST_AVS.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2012}}</ref>

Kumble is one of three bowlers ever (the other two being [[Jim Laker]] of [[England cricket team|England]] in 1956 and later, [[Ajaz Patel]] of New Zealand in 2021) to have taken all ten wickets in a [[Test cricket|Test]] [[innings]], taking 10 for 74 runs. He achieved this against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] in the second Test played in [[Delhi]] [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 1998–99|in February 1999]].<ref name="Beard">{{cite book| last = Frindall| first = Bill| author-link = Bill Frindall| title = Ask Bearders| year = 2009| publisher=[[BBC Books]]| isbn = 978-1-84607-880-4| pages = 144–145 }}</ref> It has been said that once he had got nine wickets, his friend and teammate [[Javagal Srinath]] started deliberately bowling wide outside the off stump, so that Kumble could take the tenth wicket.<ref>{{cite web|last=Getters|first=Rocky|title=Cricket History: The Catch Worth Dropping in Cricket|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/194140-cricket-history-the-catch-worth-dropping-in-cricket|publisher=bleacherreprt.com|access-date=21 December 2011}}</ref> In an interview via 10 Sports, former opener [[Sadagoppan Ramesh]] revealed that in that match, when he tried to catch [[Waqar Younis]] off Srinath's bowling, Srinath cautioned him to drop the catch, saying that "he had no business going after that catch". The performance was rated by ''[[Wisden Cricket Monthly|Wisden]]'' as the second best bowling performance of all time, and<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 10 Test Bowling of all time |url=http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2001/jul/30bow10.htm |access-date=17 May 2012 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> the achievement was commemorated by naming a [[Anil Kumble Circle|traffic circle]] in [[Bengaluru]] after him<ref>{{cite news |date=16 October 2009 |title=Work at Brigade Rd Jn from next week |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-16/bangalore/28066107_1_crib-traffic-bmrc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004233025/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-16/bangalore/28066107_1_crib-traffic-bmrc |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=17 May 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and gifting him a car with the customised licence plate: KA-10-N-10.<ref>{{cite news |title=CNN ASIANOW – Asiaweek |url=http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/99/0226/feat8.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140806054042/http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/99/0226/feat8.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 August 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> In 1999 he was the third highest wicket taker with 88 wickets at the average of 30.03 behind [[Glenn Mcgrath|Glenn McGrath]] and [[Shane Warne]].<ref name="mostwickets2">{{cite news |title=Most wickets in a calendar year |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283959.html |access-date=7 June 2012 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

On 6 October 2004, Kumble became only the third spinner in the history of Test cricket after Warne and [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] and the second Indian bowler after [[Kapil Dev]] to capture 400 Test wickets.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kumble breaks 400-wicket barrier|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/2387970/Kumble-breaks-400-wicket-barrier.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/2387970/Kumble-breaks-400-wicket-barrier.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=18 May 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=6 October 2004}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Reaching the mark took him 30 fewer Test matches than Dev, and 7 fewer than Warne. In the India-West Indies series of 2006, Kumble took 6–78 in the second innings of the final Test in [[Sabina Park]], [[Jamaica]], and bowled India to a historic series win. During the first innings of the match, Kumble scored 45 and became the second player in the history of the game after Warne to score 2000 runs and take over 500 Test wickets. He also holds the world record for trapping most batsmen [[leg before wicket]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Records / Test matches / Bowling records / Most wickets taken lbw|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283499.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 May 2012}}</ref> On 10 December 2004, Kumble became India's highest wicket-taker when he trapped [[Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)|Mohammad Rafique]] of [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] to surpass Kapil Dev's haul of 434 wickets.

Kumble also played for [[Asian Cricket Council|ACC]] Asian XI against ICC World XI in the World Cricket Tsunami Appeal ODI match on 10 January 2005 held at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] which was organised for the charity purpose for [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]] victims. In the match, he picked up 2/73 and scored 11 runs off 7 balls.<ref>{{cite news|title=Asia XI vs ICC XI Scorecard|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/tsunami/engine/current/match/66387.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 May 2012}}</ref> For his performances in 2005, he was named as 12th man in the World Test XI by ICC.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Kumble claimed his 500th Test wicket in the second Test of [[English cricket team in India in 2005–06|England's tour of India]] in March 2006, when he dismissed [[Steve Harmison]] leg before wicket. He became the first Indian and fifth overall to reach the mark.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kumble joins 500-club |url=http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2006/mar/11stats.htm |access-date=25 July 2018 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=11 March 2006}}</ref> After returning to India from the [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007 World Cup]], he announced his retirement from ODIs on 30 March.<ref name="retires">{{cite web| title = India's highest wicket-taker calls time on ODIs| work=Daily News & Analysis| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1087501| access-date =28 March 2007| date=28 March 2007}}</ref>

On 10 August that year, Kumble scored his maiden Test century, making an unbeaten 110 [[Indian cricket team in England in 2007|against England]] at [[the Oval]] to help his team finish with 664. He took 117 Tests to reach his maiden Test hundred, which is a record for taking the most matches to score a century, beating [[Chaminda Vaas]] who had held this record previously with 96 Tests. It was also the only hundred by an Indian in the three-Test series.<ref name="century">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/08/10/uctest110.xml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017125838/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/08/10/uctest110.xml|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2007|title=Anil Kumble makes England suffer|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=10 August 2007 | location=London | date=10 August 2007}}</ref> He is the only Test cricketer to have taken all ten wickets in an innings and score a Test hundred in his career. A day after scoring his ton, Kumble dismissed [[Michael Vaughan]] for his 900th International wicket and 563rd Test wicket, drawing him level with McGrath. Later he trapped [[Monty Panesar]] leg before wicket to finish the innings and overtake McGrath in the list of all-time wicket-takers.<ref name="oneindia">{{cite web|title=Kumble leaves behind McGrath in Test bowling charts|url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/kumble-leaves-behind-mcgrath-in-test-bowling-charts-037850.html|date=12 August 2007|access-date=18 May 2012|archive-date=1 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501235548/http://news.oneindia.in/2007/08/12/kumble-leaves-behind-mcgrath-in-test-bowling-charts-1186929295.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kumble has bowled 40850 balls in his entire Test career, which is the second highest after Muttiah Muralitharan's 44039 balls.

Kumble was appointed as the captain of the Indian Test team on 8 November 2007.<ref name="Captain new">{{cite web|title=Kumble to captain in Test series against Pakistan|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/318897.html|work=ESPN|access-date=22 May 2012|date=8 November 2007}}</ref> He succeeded his state teammate [[Rahul Dravid]], who resigned as the captain in September 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dravid resigns as India captain|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indvpak/content/story/310880.html|work=ESPN|access-date=22 May 2012|date=14 September 2007}}</ref> He is the only leg spinner who have become the captain of the team. His first series as captain was a three-match home series against Pakistan,<ref name="Captain new" /> which India won 1–0.<ref>{{cite web|author=Harish Kotian|title=Kumble bags five as Test ends in exciting draw|url=http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2007/dec/12india.htm|work=Rediff.com|date=12 December 2007
|access-date=22 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pak lose test series in India after 27 years|url=http://www.itsonlycricket.com/entry/598/|author=Fast Cricket|access-date=22 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231231417/http://itsonlycricket.com/entry/598/|archive-date=31 December 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Kumble edited.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Kumble bowling in a match against South Africa in 2008.]]
On 17 January 2008, in the third Test against Australia at [[WACA Ground|WACA, Perth]], Kumble became the first Indian bowler and the third in the world to reach the milestone of 600 Test wickets.<ref name=Bal /> Kumble achieved the record just after the tea break when he had Andrew Symonds caught by Rahul Dravid at first slip.<ref name=Bal /> Kumble's 600 wickets came in 124 matches at an average of 28.68. Kumble has captured most wickets against Australia by an Indian bowler.<ref name=Bal /> Kumble is the third bowler after [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] and [[Shane Warne]] to take 600 Test wickets.<ref name=Bal />

===Retirement from international cricket===
Kumble injured the little finger of his left hand while attempting a catch off [[Matthew Hayden]] in Australia's first innings which rendered him unfit for the 4th and final test of the series against Australia in November 2008.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kumble, India captain, retires after India draws|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/02/sports/02iht-CRICKET.1.17442778.html|access-date=19 May 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2 November 2008}}</ref> He was finding it difficult to find his striking form and went wicketless in four consecutive innings before the first innings of Australia in the third test of the series against Australia in which he managed three lower-order wickets. He declared the 2nd innings of India with only 6 overs of play left in the drawn match. His final figures were 4–0–14–0.

Kumble announced his retirement from Test, first-class, and List A cricket on 2 November 2008 in the third Test match against Australia at [[Feroz Shah Kotla]] cricket stadium at New Delhi, India.<ref name="Darpan2009">{{cite book| last = Darpan| first = Pratiyogita| title = Pratiyogita Darpan| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3k18k7iKDhwC&pg=PA33| date = January 2009| publisher=Pratiyogita Darpan|page=33}}</ref> He dismissed [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Mitchell Johnson]] as his last Test wicket.<ref>{{cite news|title=Many hues of Kumble's swansong at Kotla|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-11-01/top-stories/27900860_1_kotla-test-career-mitchell-johnson|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105062444/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-11-01/top-stories/27900860_1_kotla-test-career-mitchell-johnson|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=1 November 2008|author=Shashank Shekhar|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 November 2008}}</ref> The final ball of his test career was a low full toss on which Hayden scored a four.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kumble's last ball|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZn5rffNsH8|publisher=Youtube |access-date=22 May 2012}}</ref> After his retirement, [[Mahendra Dhoni|MS Dhoni]] was made the captain of the team.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kumble retires, Dhoni named Test captain |url=http://www.chitramala.in/news/kumble-retires-109225.html |access-date=22 May 2012 |newspaper=Chitramala |date=2 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507082502/http://www.chitramala.in/news/kumble-retires-109225.html |archive-date=7 May 2012 }}</ref>

===IPL career===
Kumble agreed to honour his contract with the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] (RCB) franchise of the [[Indian Premier League]] after retirement. He was given a three-year contract worth US$500,000 per year in the first round of bidding in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=What it cost: Auction list for IPL 2008|url=http://www.espnstar.com/cricket/indian-premier-league/news/detail/item379323/What-it-cost:-Auction-list-for-IPL-2008-/|publisher=espnstar.com|access-date=1 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325131159/http://www.espnstar.com/cricket/indian-premier-league/news/detail/item379323/What-it-cost:-Auction-list-for-IPL-2008-/|archive-date=25 March 2010|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

On 18 April 2009 he took a five-wicket haul conceding just 5 runs in 3.1 overs against the defending champions [[Rajasthan Royals]], which helped RCB get a 75-run victory in the [[2009 Indian Premier League#Group stage 2|second match]] of the 2009 edition, played in South Africa. Even today, this remains the fourth-best bowling figures in IPL history.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rajasthan humbled after inept batting|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/content/story/400329.html|access-date=23 May 2012|publisher=ESPN cricketinfo|date=18 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=We oldies can have our days too – Kumble|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/content/story/400576.html|access-date=23 May 2012|publisher=ESPN cricketinfo|date=20 April 2009}}</ref> After the departure of [[Kevin Pietersen]] for England's cricket commitments, Kumble was named as the captain of the team. On 23 May 2009, RCB defeated the [[Chennai Super Kings]] by six wickets and earned a spot in the final against the [[Deccan Chargers]]. RCB lost the finals but Kumble won Man of the Match, and is the only person in IPL history to win Man of the Match in the final despite being on the losing side. Though RCB could not win the tournament, Kumble ended as the most successful spin bowler and the 2nd highest wicket-taker of the tournament with 21 wickets at an economy rate of 5.86 runs per over behind [[R. P. Singh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League, 2009 / Records / Most wickets |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=4801;type=tournament |work=ESPN |access-date=22 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102231133/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=4801%3Btype%3Dtournament |archive-date=2 November 2015 }}</ref>

In [[2010 Indian Premier League]], Kumble led the team to the semi-finals. After being forced to play their semi-finals at the [[DY Patil Stadium]] following security concerns in Bangalore,<ref>{{cite news|title=Kumble confident of putting it past Mumbai|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/story/456740.html|access-date=18 May 2012|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=21 April 2010}}</ref> the Royal Challengers lost their semi-final to the [[Mumbai Indians]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Veera|first=Sriram|title=Ruthless Mumbai march into final|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/story/456800.html|access-date=18 May 2012|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=21 April 2010}}</ref> with Kumble taking 1 wicket at an economy rate of 7.50 in the match.<ref>{{cite news|title=Royal Challengers Bangalore v Mumbai Indians|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/current/match/419162.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 July 2012}}</ref> For his performances in 2010, he was named in the [[ESPNcricinfo]] IPL XI.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/story/457382.html |title = The IPL XI| work=Cricinfo |date = 26 April 2010}}</ref>

Kumble announced his retirement from [[Indian Premier League]] on 4 January 2011.<ref name=RETIRED /> After his retirement from IPL as a player, RCB appointed him as the chief mentor for the team, where he led them to the 2011 final against the [[Chennai Super Kings]].<ref name="RETIRED">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/retired-snubbed-kumble-pulls-out-of-ipl-auction/733019/2|newspaper=The Indian Express|access-date=22 May 2012|title=Retired! Snubbed Kumble pulls out of IPL auction|date=4 January 2011}}</ref> Kumble left that position in January 2013, moving to a similar role with the [[Mumbai Indians]], which he quit in November 2015 after delivering them 2 titles in alternative years.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/945671.html|title = Kumble quits as chief mentor of Mumbai Indians|date = 30 November 2015|work =ESPNcricinfo|access-date = 30 November 2015}}</ref> He then served as the director of operations for the [[Punjab Kings]] from 2020 to 2022.

==Style and technique==
[[File:Anil Kumble graph.png|200px|thumb|left|Test career batting performance of Anil Kumble.]]
Kumble was a right-arm [[leg spinner|leg spin]] bowler ([[Leg break|legbreak]] [[googly]]) with an unorthodox style, most famous for his [[Flipper (cricket)|flipper.]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Sharada|first=Tarun|title=Anil Kumble's jumbo journey|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-11-21/features/27971165_1_anil-kumble-jim-laker-pakistan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105092418/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-11-21/features/27971165_1_anil-kumble-jim-laker-pakistan|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=16 May 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="playerprofile">{{cite news|title=Anil Kumble – Player Profile|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/30176.html|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He started his career as a fast bowler,<ref name="yahoocricket">{{cite web|title=Kumble – a spinner with a fast bowler's attitude|url=http://cricket.yahoo.com/blogs/yahoo-cricket-columns/kumble-spinner-fast-bowler-attitude-27.html|publisher=Yahoo Cricket|author=Partab Ramchand}}</ref> which gave him a useful faster delivery. His unique bowling style can be attributed to matting pitches in Bangalore which assist top-spin and over-spin.<ref name="persistent">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/08/12/sckumb112.xml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017131828/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/08/12/sckumb112.xml|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2007|title=Persistent Anil Kumble's rich harvest|author=Scyld Berry|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=13 August 2007 | location=London | date=12 August 2007}}</ref>

Kumble was one of the 4 bowlers, alongside [[Richard Hadlee]], [[Shane Warne]] and [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] (later [[Rangana Herath]], [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]], [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]), and (then) the only Indian bowler ever, to have taken [[List of international cricket five-wicket hauls by Anil Kumble|5 wickets in a Test innings more than 30 times]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=11;filter=advanced;orderby=five_wickets;template=results;type=bowling;wicketsmin1=5;wicketsval1=wickets |title=Combined Test, ODI and T20I records: Most five-wicket hauls in a career |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007181014/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=11%3Bfilter%3Dadvanced%3Borderby%3Dfive_wickets%3Btemplate%3Dresults%3Btype%3Dbowling%3Bwicketsmin1%3D5%3Bwicketsval1%3Dwickets |archive-date=7 October 2012 }}</ref> He also holds the world record for the largest number of caught-and-bowled dismissals in Tests, 35 – which forms 5.65% of his total wickets.<ref>{{cite news|title=Anil Kumble Fielding Records|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/30176.html?class=1;template=results;type=fielding;view=dismissal_list|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> He is also one of 4 Indian bowlers to have conceded over 250 runs in a Test match, although he took 12 wickets in that match.<ref>{{cite news|title=4th Test Border-Gavaskar Trophy 2003/04|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64062.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> He is known for bowling tirelessly, having bowled 72 overs in a Test innings once.<ref>{{cite news|title=1st Test India vs Sri Lanka Aug, 97|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63762.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> He is also remembered for his tenacity in bowling even when injured, especially after an incident in a 2002 Test match against the West Indies in [[Antigua]], where despite having his jaw fractured by a [[Mervyn Dillon]] delivery, he bandaged himself, came back to bowl, and took the wicket of [[Brian Lara]].<ref name="Fraser2005">{{cite book| last = Fraser| first = David| title = Cricket and the Law The Man in White Is Always Right| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=P3mOV7kXwn4C&pg=PA215|year=2005| publisher=Routledge| isbn = 978-0-7146-5347-1|page=215}}</ref>

Kumble relied more on accuracy, variations and bounce rather than spinning the ball.<ref name="adieu">{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070407/saturday/main1.htm|title= Jumbo spinner|author=Abhijit Chatterjee|newspaper=The Tribune|access-date=9 August 2007}}</ref> Sambit Bal, the editor of [[ESPNcricinfo]], wrote, "That he [Kumble] has been an unusual spinner has been said many times before. It has also been said, a trifle unfairly, that he is a unidimensional bowler. Palpably, he has lacked the turn of Warne and Murali, but his variety has been subtler, far more apparent to batsmen than to viewers. He has shown that not only turn and flight that can deceive the batsman but also the changes of length and pace. He has been a cultured practitioner of his unique craft and a master of nuances."<ref name="Bal">{{cite news|url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/331598.html
|title= The master of nuances|author=Sambit Bal|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=17 January 2008|access-date=20 January 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080120204506/http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/331598.html| archive-date= 20 January 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref>

As a captain and coach, he is a firm supporter of [[Umpire Decision Review System|DRS]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/anil-kumble-support-india-embracing-drs-icc-gm-geoff-allardice-3735482/|title=Anil Kumble's support instrumental in India embracing DRS: ICC GM Geoff Allardice|date=3 November 2016|newspaper=The Indian Express|access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-jumbo-shift-on-review-system-anil-kumble-3095902/|title=India's jumbo change in stance on DRS|date=22 October 2016|newspaper=The Indian Express|access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref>

==Involvement in cricket associations==
Kumble has been appointed to the athlete's commission of the [[World Anti-Doping Agency]] (WADA), with his term starting on 1 January 2009.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 December 2008 |access-date=19 December 2008 |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/12/19/2451496.htm |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation| title=Kumble nominated to WADA panel| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090113132341/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/12/19/2451496.htm| archive-date= 13 January 2009 | url-status= dead}}</ref>

On 21 November 2010, Kumble was elected as the President of the [[Karnataka State Cricket Association]], with former teammates [[Venkatesh Prasad]] elected as Vice-President and Javagal Srinath elected as Secretary.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kumble team sweeps KSCA elections|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-21/top-stories/28256671_1_indian-cricket-incumbent-president-anil-kumble|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105114930/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-21/top-stories/28256671_1_indian-cricket-incumbent-president-anil-kumble|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=18 May 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 November 2010}}</ref>

On 12 October 2012, Kumble was appointed as the new chairman of the ICC Cricket Committee.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kumble team sweeps KSCA elections|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/kumble-appointed-chairman-of-icc-cricket-committee-585146.html|access-date=11 July 2019|newspaper=News18|date=11 October 2011}}</ref> He was later retained for another three years on 2 March 2019.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/icc-ceo-bcci-security-2019-icc-world-cup-anil-kumble-cricket-committee-chairman-1469182-2019-03-02 |title = ICC CEO assures BCCI of security at World Cup, Anil Kumble retained as Cricket Committee head| date=2 March 2019 }}</ref>

==Coaching career==
On 24 June 2016, Kumble was appointed as the head coach of the [[India men’s cricket team|Indian men's cricket team]] by the BCCI for a period of one year. His first series as a coach was against the West Indies in July where India played four Test matches, winning 2–0. Later India beat [[New Zealand]] 3–0 in the Test series, his second consecutive Test series win as a coach. India also defeated [[England]] 4–0 in the five-Test series in November–December and stretched their winning streak to three Test series victory. The next Test series win came against [[Bangladesh Cricket Board|Bangladesh]]. India went on to dominate on their home soil which marked a 19-match unbeaten record in Tests.

During the four-match Test series against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] in March, India lost the first match but made a sensational comeback, beating the Australians in two of the last three Tests, drawing one match and winning the series 2–1. India also registered two ODI series wins in Kumble's tenure, as India defeated New Zealand in a five ODI match series 3–2, followed by a 2–1 win over England in a three-match series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/anil-kumble-quits-as-india-coach-a-look-at-teams-performance-under-him-4713795/|title=Anil Kumble quits as India coach: A look at team's performance under him|date=20 June 2017|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=26 June 2019}}</ref>

On 20 June 2017, Kumble resigned from the post of head coach due to untenable differences with the then captain, [[Virat Kohli]].<ref>{{cite news |date=23 June 2016 |title=Anil Kumble appointed India head coach |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/1028683.html |access-date=23 June 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> His tenure ended after the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy]], where India lost to [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] in the final.<ref name="TI2017">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/partnership-between-kohli-and-me-was-untenable-kumble/articleshow/59241795.cms|title=Partnership between Kohli and me was untenable: Kumble|date=21 June 2017|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref>

In October 2019, he was appointed as the head coach and the director of cricket operations for [[Kings XI Punjab]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27818751/anil-kumble-appointed-kings-xi-punjab-head-coach|title=Anil Kumble appointed Kings XI Punjab head coach |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=11 October 2019 |access-date=14 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="KXIP">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/71534650.cms|title=Kings XI Punjab hand over coaching reins to Anil Kumble |website=The Times of India|date=11 October 2019 |access-date=14 October 2019}}</ref> In August 2022, Punjab Kings decided not to renew his contract.<ref name="PKEND"/>

==Awards and honours==
* [[Arjuna award]], a sports award from the [[Government of India]], in 1995<ref name="arjuna">{{cite web
| title = Arjuna awardees – Cricket
| publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports |location=India
| url = http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm#Cricket
| access-date =28 March 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070225121351/http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm#Cricket |archive-date = 25 February 2007}}
</ref>
* One of the [[Wisden Cricketers of the Year]], in 1996.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wisden's Five Cricketers of the Year|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/209422.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 May 2012|date=16 March 2005}}</ref>
* Among the 16 cricketers shortlisted for the Wisden Indian Cricketer of the 20th Century, in 2002<ref name="wisden">{{cite web
| title = 16 cricketers shortlisted
| work=The Tribune |location=Chandigarh
| url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020516/sports.htm#4
| access-date =28 March 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070429100825/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020516/sports.htm| archive-date= 29 April 2007 | url-status= live}}
</ref> ([[Kapil Dev]] won)
* [[Padma Shri]], a civilian award from the Government of India, in 2005.<ref>{{cite news|title=12 Padma award-winners from State felicitated|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/17/stories/2006021703860400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060530155727/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/17/stories/2006021703860400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 May 2006|access-date=15 May 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 February 2006}}</ref>
* A prominent intersection in [[M G Road, Bangalore|M. G. Road, Bengaluru]] has been named after Anil Kumble.<ref>{{cite news|last=Viswanathan|first=Satish|title=Id use POWER TO HELP A CAUSE than jump queue|url=http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=6&edlabel=TOIBG&mydateHid=16-02-2010&pubname=&edname=&articleid=Ar00600&format=&publabel=TOI|access-date=15 May 2012|newspaper=The Times of India}}{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* 'Best breakthrough performance IPL 2009' for his 5/5 against [[Rajasthan Royals]] in IPL 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sachin best batsman, Ojha best bowler at IPL Awards |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/Ndtv-Show-Special-Story.aspx?ID=534&StoryID=SPOEN20100139276&ch=4242010125800AM |access-date=15 May 2012 |newspaper=NDTV India |date=24 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216052950/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/Ndtv-Show-Special-Story.aspx?ID=534&StoryID=SPOEN20100139276&ch=4242010125800AM |archive-date=16 February 2011}}</ref>
* [[ICC Cricket Hall of Fame]], a sports award from the [[International Cricket Council|ICC]], in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/cricketnext/news/anil-kumble-inducted-into-icc-hall-of-fame-530013-78.html|title=Anil Kumble inducted into ICC Hall of Fame|date=22 February 2015}}</ref>

==Records==
{{main|List of international cricket five-wicket hauls by Anil Kumble}}
Kumble is the most successful Indian bowler and the fourth-highest wicket-taker of all time. He took 35 [[five-wicket haul]]s and eight [[ten-wicket haul]]s in Tests and two five-wicket hauls in ODIs. He holds the record of bowling 40,850 balls in his Test career, which is the highest for an Indian and second-highest overall.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Records. Test matches. Bowling records. Most balls bowled in career |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283775.html|access-date=26 August 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He is also one of six bowlers to take 900 or more wickets in their entire career, taking 956 wickets in his career.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Records. Combined Test, ODI and T20I records. Bowling records. Most wickets in career |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283980.html |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Role
! scope="col" |Language
! scope="col" |Notes
|-
! scope="row" |2004
|''[[Meerabai Not Out]]''
|Himself
|Hindi
|Cameo
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Anil Kumble}}
* {{Twitter|anilkumble1074}}
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=30176}}
* {{IMDb name|3497212}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|before=[[Rahul Dravid]]
|title=[[Indian National Test Cricket Captains|Indian National Test Cricket Captain]]
|years=2007
|after=[[MS Dhoni]]
}}
{{succession box
|before=[[Mohammad Azharuddin]]
|title=Indian Awardees of [[Wisden Cricketer of the Year]]
|years=1991
|after=[[Sachin Tendulkar]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Indian Test Cricket Captains}}
{{India ODI Cricket Captains}}
{{Indians with 100 or more Test caps}}
{{navboxes|title=Achievements of Anil Kumble
|list1 =
{{Wisden Cricketers of the Year 1996}}
{{Bowlers who took 300 wickets in Test cricket}}
{{300 ODI wickets club}}
{{ICC Cricket Hall of Fame}}
}}
{{Navboxes
|title= India squads
|bg= #0077FF
|fg= white
|bordercolor=#ff8800
|list1=
{{India Squad 1995 Asia Cup}}
{{India Squad 1996 Cricket World Cup}}
{{India Squad 1999 Cricket World Cup}}
{{India Squad 2002 ICC Champions Trophy}}
{{India Squad 2003 Cricket World Cup}}
{{India Squad 2007 Cricket World Cup}}
}}
{{India national cricket team coaches}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumble, Anil}}
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
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[[Category:Indian mechanical engineers]]

Ali Yavar Jung

2026-02-14T17:22:33Z

Kanna chan: updated intro for clarity

{{Short description|Indian diplomat (1906–1976)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ali Yavar Jung
| image =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] (left) and Ali Yavar Jung (right), circa 1958
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = February 1906
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]]
| baptised = 
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1976|12|11|1906|2|2|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Raj Bhavan (Mumbai)|Raj Bhavan]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_cause =
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| burial_place = 
| burial_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence =
| nationality =
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Queen's College, Oxford|Queen's College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]
| occupation = diplomat, politician
| years_active =
| era =
| employer =
| organization =
| agent = 
| known_for =
| notable_works = 
| style =
| home_town =
| salary =
| television =
| title = 
| term =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| spouse = Alys Iffrig (known after her second marriage as Alys Hyderi) [[Zehra Ali Yavar Jung]]
| children = [[Tyabji family]] (through son-in-law) [[Bilkees I. Latif]] (born of Alys Iffrig)
| relatives = [[Idris Hasan Latif]] (son-in-law)
| callsign =
| awards = [[Padma Vibhushan]] [[Padma Bhushan]]
| order =
| office = [[Governor of Maharashtra]]
| term_start = 26 February 1971
| term_end = 11 December 1976
| predecessor = [[Om Prakash Mehra]]
| successor = [[Kona Prabhakara Rao]]
| office5 = Indian Ambassador to Argentina<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indembarg.gov.in/page/former-ambassadors/ |title=Former Ambassadors
|website=Embassy of India, Buenos Aires |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116042553/https://www.indembarg.gov.in/page/former-ambassadors/ |archive-date=2019-01-16 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| term_start5 = 1952
| term_end5 = 1954
| predecessor5 =
| successor5 =
| office3 = Indian Ambassador to France<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eoiparis.gov.in/page/history/ |title=History |access-date=2019-09-30 |website=Embassy of India, Paris |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930093300/https://www.eoiparis.gov.in/page/history/ |archive-date=2019-09-30 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| term_start3 = 1961
| term_end3 = 1965
| predecessor3 = [[N. R. Pillai]]
| successor3 = [[Rajeshwar Dayal]]
| office4 = Indian Ambassador to Egypt<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eoicairo.gov.in/eoi.php?id=Previous |title=List of former Ambassadors |access-date=2019-09-30 |website=Embassy of India, Cairo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819182246/http://www.eoicairo.gov.in/eoi.php?id=Previous |archive-date=2018-08-19 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| term_start4 = 1954
| term_end4 = 1958
| predecessor4 = [[K.M. Panikkar]]
| successor4 = [[Ratan Kumar Nehru]]
| office2 = [[Indian Ambassador to the United States]]
| term_start2 = 1968
| term_end2 = 1970
| predecessor2 = [[Braj Kumar Nehru]]
| successor2 = [[Lakshmi Kant Jha]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Nawab]]
}}

'''Nawab Ali Yavar Jung Bahadur''' (February 1906 – 11 December 1976) was an Indian [[diplomat]]. He served as Indian Ambassador in Argentina, Egypt, Yugoslavia and Greece, France, and the United States.

He was governor of the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] from 1971 to 1976. He was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] and the [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's highest civilian honors, in 1959 and 1977, respectively.

==Early life==
He was born in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] to a distinguished [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabadi]] family of scholars, administrators and educators, and studied at [[Queen's College, Oxford]],<ref name="Obituary">{{cite speech | title = Obituary References | author = Shri W.A. Sangma | date =14 December 1976 | location = Meghalaya Legislative Assembly | url = http://megassembly.gov.in/proceedings/1976/14-12-1976.htm | access-date =17 July 2008 }}</ref> earning a degree in [[History]].

==Career==
Nawab Ali Yavar Jung served as the [[Chancellor (education)|Vice-chancellor]] of [[Osmania University]] from 1945 to 1946 and from 1948 to 1952.<ref name="Obituary"/> In year 1965 to 1968 he was Vice-Chancellor of [[Aligarh Muslim University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://megassembly.gov.in/proceedings/1976/14-12-1976.htm |access-date=2023-02-16 |title=Proceedings of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly assembled after the First General Election |website=Meghalaya Legislative Assembly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810112555/http://megassembly.gov.in/proceedings/1976/14-12-1976.htm |archive-date=10 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He opposed reservation on religious grounds at AMU.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/education/story/19700101-aligarh-muslim-university-50percent-quota-for-muslims-creates-a-storm-787531-2005-05-29|title = Aligarh Muslim University: 50% quota for Muslims creates a storm, UPA govt in tight spot| date=30 May 2005 }}</ref> In 1946-47 he was Minister Constitutional Affairs, Home and Educational, Public Health and Local Government in the Nizam's Governorate. He resigned from that post in 1947.

He was India's [[ambassador]] to [[Argentina]] (1952–54), [[Egypt]] (1954–58), [[Yugoslavia]] and [[Greece]] (1958–61), France (1961–65), and the United States (1968–70).<ref name="Obituary"/> His personal rapport with [[Juan Perón]], [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], [[Josip Broz Tito]], [[Charles de Gaulle]], and [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] substantially contributed to their understanding and appreciation of India's independent foreign policy.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}}

He was appointed [[Governors of Maharashtra|governor]] of Maharashtra in 1971, and died during his term as governor at [[Mumbai]]'s [[Raj Bhavan, Mumbai|Raj Bhavan]] in December 1976.<ref name="Obituary"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rajbhavan.maharashtra.gov.in/previous/default.htm |title=Previous Governors List |access-date=17 July 2008 |publisher=Raj Bhavan, Maharashtra State |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206050259/http://rajbhavan.maharashtra.gov.in/previous/default.htm |archive-date= 6 February 2009 }}</ref>

He was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] and the [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's highest civilian honors, in 1959 and 1977, respectively.<ref name="Obituary"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india.gov.in/myindia/images/pv_awards.pdf |title=List of Padma Vibhushan Awardees |access-date=17 July 2008}}</ref> The [[Western Express Highway]] in Mumbai<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chacko |first1=Benita |title=Western Express Highway: Few know this arterial road honours a former diplomat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/western-express-highway-few-know-this-arterial-road-honours-a-former-diplomat-4848546/ |access-date=21 March 2019 |work=The Indian Express|date=18 September 2017}}</ref> and The National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Social Problems and Social Welfare |last=Qureshi |first=M. U. |year=2006 |publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. |isbn=81-261-2584-5 |page=203 }}</ref> located there are named after him.

== Personal life ==
He married a French lady Alys Iffrig, but the couple got divorced. His daughter with Iffrig was [[Bilkees I. Latif]]. Bilkees' husband, his son-in-law, was the [[Air Chief Marshal (India)|Air Chief Marshal]] [[Idris Hasan Latif]], the 10th [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]].<ref name="A Life of service honoured with the Padma Shri award">{{cite web|url=https://emag.youandi.com/Editions/YouandI/issue55/downloads/16_02_2009_045.pdf|title=A Life of service honoured with the Padma Shri award|date=16 February 2009|publisher=You and I — eMag|access-date=27 February 2016}}</ref> Later, he married [[Zehra Ali Yavar Jung]], a social worker.

== See also ==
* [[Zehra Ali Yavar Jung]]
* [[Syed Akbaruddin]]

==References==
<references/>

{{S-start}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-bef|before = Nawab Azam Jung}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Osmania University|Vice-Chancellor of Osmania University]]|years = 1945-1946}}
{{s-aft|after = Woli Mohammed}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Osmania University|Vice-Chancellor of Osmania University]]|years = 1948-1952}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Suri Bhagavantam]]}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Bashir Hussain Zaidi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[List of Vice-Chancellors of Aligarh Muslim University|Vice-Chancellor of AMU]]|years = 1965-1968}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Abdul Aleem]]}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=[[:de:Jamshed Burjorji Vesugar|Jamshed Burjorji Vesugar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Ambassador of India to Argentina|years=1952-1953}}
{{s-aft|after=N. Raghavan}}
{{s-bef|before=[[K. M. Panikkar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of ambassadors of India to Egypt|Ambassador of India to Egypt]]|years=1954-1958}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ratan Kumar Nehru]]}}
{{s-bef|before=N. Raghavan}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ambassador of India to France]]|years=1961-1965}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rajeshwar Dayal]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[B. K. Nehru]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ambassador of India to the United States]]|years=1968-1970}}
{{s-aft|after=[[L. K. Jha]]}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Om Prakash Mehra]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor of Maharashtra]]|years=1971–1976}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Kona Prabhakara Rao]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Use British English|date=November 2010}}

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1954–59}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jung, Ali}}
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:1976 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Queen's College, Oxford]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service]]
[[Category:Governors of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Argentina]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Egypt]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to France]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Greece]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to the United States]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:Salar Jung family]]
[[Category:Politicians from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Vice-chancellors of Aligarh Muslim University]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Tyabji family]]

Siddhu Jonnalagadda

2026-02-08T07:54:54Z

Kanna chan: post!

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Siddhu Jonnalagadda
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Siddharth Jonnalagadda
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|2|7}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India
| occupation = Actor, screenwriter
| yearsactive = 2008–present
}}
'''Siddharth Jonnalagadda''' is an Indian actor and screenwriter known for his works predominantly in [[Telugu cinema]]. He made his debut with ''[[Josh (2009 Telugu film)|Josh]]'' (2009) and in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] with ''[[Vallinam]]'' (2014). Jonnalagadda later went on to co-write and appear in films such as ''[[Guntur Talkies]]'' (2016) and ''[[Krishna and His Leela]]'' (2020), whereas ''[[DJ Tillu]]'' (2022) and ''[[Tillu Square]]'' (2024) established him in Telugu cinema.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dj-tillus-actor-screenwriter-siddhu-hopes-to-be-a-star-of-a-100-crore-film-in-the-next-three-years/article38383186.ece|title='DJ Tillu's actor-screenwriter Siddhu hopes to be a star of a 100-crore film in the next three years|first=Sangeetha Devi|last=Dundoo|newspaper=The Hindu |date=5 February 2022|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Siddhu Jonnalagadda was born on 7 February 1988 in [[Hyderabad, Telangana]], India into a family hailing from [[Guntur, Andhra Pradesh]]. He completed his intermediate from Sri Chaitanya College (Tarnaka) in 2005 and [[B.Tech]] from the Holy Mary Institute of Engineering in 2009, before venturing into films. His elder brother Chaitu Jonnalagadda is also an actor.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=21 February 2011|title=Siddhu Jonnalagadda chitchat|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/chitchat-siddhujonnalagadda.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308143008/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/chitchat-siddhujonnalagadda.html|archive-date=8 March 2022|access-date=14 November 2020|website=[[Idlebrain.com]]|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career ==
Jonnalagadda appeared in minor roles in ''[[Josh (2009 Telugu film)|Josh]]'' and ''[[Orange (2010 film)|Orange]]''. He made his lead debut with [[Praveen Sattaru]]'s ''[[LBW (Life Before Wedding)|Life Before Wedding]]''. He then worked on the unreleased film ''Jagame Maya'' co-starring [[Siva Balaji]],<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|date=1 September 2013|title="Jagame Maya "is a new movie based on Illusion|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/jagame-maya-is-a-new-movie-based-on-illusion-kl.html|website=123telugu.com|access-date=2 February 2022|archive-date=2 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202220008/https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/jagame-maya-is-a-new-movie-based-on-illusion-kl.html|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Vallinam]]'' (2014),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article3428739.ece|title=Shot Cuts - Getting sporty|last=Manigandan|first=K. R.|date=17 May 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328013905/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article3428739.ece|archive-date=28 March 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=6 February 2026}}</ref> ''[[Boy Meets Girl (Tholiprema Katha)|Boy Meets Girl]]'' (2014) and ''[[Ice Cream 2]]'' (2014).

He gained recognition for Sattaru's ''[[Guntur Talkies]]'' (2016).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/striving-for-a-break/article7248155.ece|title=Striving for a break|first=Y. Sunita|last=Chowdhary|date=26 May 2015|work=The Hindu|access-date=22 June 2020|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116074817/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/striving-for-a-break/article7248155.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> After a four year gap, he played the lead role in ''[[Krishna and His Leela]]'' (2020), a romantic drama film co-starring [[Shraddha Srinath]], [[Shalini Vadnikatti]] and [[Seerat Kapoor]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/siddu-jonnalagadda-and-shraddha-srinath-starrer-krishna-and-his-leela-to-get-an-ott-release/articleshow/76518526.cms|title=Siddu Jonnalagadda and Shraddha Srinath-starrer Krishna and His Leela to get an OTT release|newspaper=The Times of India|date=22 June 2020|accessdate=26 July 2020|archive-date=17 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517062530/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/siddu-jonnalagadda-and-shraddha-srinath-starrer-krishna-and-his-leela-to-get-an-ott-release/articleshow/76518526.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In a review of the film by ''The Times of India'', the reviewer wrote that "Siddhu is an absolute delight and a revelation in this one. ... The key to his character lies in being effortless, and he plays it well".<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/krishna-and-his-leela/movie-review/76622016.cms|title=Krishna And His Leela Movie Review: A rom-com that dares to go a little beyond|work=The Hindu|access-date=25 June 2020|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204044904/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/krishna-and-his-leela/movie-review/76622016.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Jonnalagadda earned the name Star Boy Siddhu after the success of ''[[DJ Tillu]]'' (2022), and starred in its sequel ''[[Tillu Square]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/tillu-square-the-title-of-siddhu-jonnalagaddas-dj-tillu-is-out-766629|title=Tillu Square: The Title Of Siddhu Jonnalagadda's 'DJ Tillu' Is Out…|first=Ravali|last=Hymavati|date=24 October 2022|website=www.thehansindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-02-07 |title='Tillu Square' team teases fans with birthday glimpse |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/tillu-square-team-teases-fans-with-birthday-glimpse-857150 |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

===Films===
{{Pending films key}}
*''All films are in Telugu, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Josh (2009 Telugu film)|Josh]]'' || College student || rowspan="2"|credited as Siddharth ||<ref name=":3" />
|-
| rowspan="3"|2010 || ''[[Orange (2010 film)|Orange]]'' || Santhosh ||<ref name=":3" />
|-
| ''[[Bheemili Kabaddi Jattu]]'' || Dhinesh || credited as Siddhartha ||<ref name=":3" />
|-
|''[[Don Seenu]]'' || Sreeja's boyfriend || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQr1QRNlGU8&t=860s|title=Don Seenu Telugu Full Movie || Ravi Teja Shriya Saran Movie || Kasthuri || Srihari || Matinee Show|date=4 September 2022 |via=www.youtube.com|time=14:21}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || ''[[LBW (Life Before Wedding)|Life Before Wedding]]'' || Rishi ||
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 2013 || ''Jagamemaaya'' || ||
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
| rowspan="3"|2014 || ''[[Vallinam]]'' || Vamsi || [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film; Tamil debut
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| ''[[Boy Meets Girl (Tholiprema Katha)|Boy Meets Girl]]'' || Siddhu ||
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/boy-meets-girl-tholi-prema-katha/movie-review/32851609.cms | title=Boy Meets Girl Tholi Prema Katha Movie Review | newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=4 November 2022 | archive-date=4 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104001313/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/boy-meets-girl-tholi-prema-katha/movie-review/32851609.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ice Cream 2]]'' || Filmmaker ||
|<ref name=":0"/>
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Guntur Talkies]]'' || Hari ||
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Kalki (2019 Telugu film)|Kalki]]'' || Sekhar Babu ||
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kalki Movie Review: A mediocre cop drama|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/telugu/2019/jun/28/kalki-movie-review-a-mediocre-cop-drama-12608.html|access-date=14 November 2020|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=28 June 2019 |language=en|archive-date=14 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114204005/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/telugu/2019/jun/28/kalki-movie-review-a-mediocre-cop-drama-12608.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020 || ''[[Krishna and His Leela]]'' || Krishna ||
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
| ''[[Maa Vintha Gaadha Vinuma]]'' || Siddhu || Also creative producer
|<ref name="MVGV">{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=14 November 2020|title='Maa Vintha Gaadha Vinuma' review: For a few bright moments|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/maa-vintha-gaadha-vinuma-for-a-few-bright-moments/article33099968.ece|access-date=14 November 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=14 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114064824/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/maa-vintha-gaadha-vinuma-for-a-few-bright-moments/article33099968.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[DJ Tillu]]''
| rowspan="2" |Bala Gangadhar Tilak "DJ Tillu"
| Nominated–[[SIIMA Award for Best Actor – Telugu]]
|<ref name="DT">{{Cite web|title=As SS Rajamouli's RRR gets postponed, 6 Telugu films line up to cash in on Sankranthi festivities|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ss-rajamoulis-rrr-gets-postponed-6-telugu-films-line-up-sankranthi-festivities-7703067/|date=3 January 2022|website=The Indian Express|access-date=3 January 2022|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103130942/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ss-rajamoulis-rrr-gets-postponed-6-telugu-films-line-up-sankranthi-festivities-7703067/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|''[[Tillu Square]]''
|
|<ref name="TS">{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=7 June 2023 |title=Starboy Siddhu and Sithara Entertainments' 'Tillu Square' release date announced |url=https://telanganatoday.com/starboy-siddhu-and-sithara-entertainments-tillu-square-release-date-announced |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608203439/https://telanganatoday.com/starboy-siddhu-and-sithara-entertainments-tillu-square-release-date-announced |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mr. Bachchan]]''
|Youth Yuvraj
|Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/siddhu-jonnalagaddas-cameo-steals-the-spotlight-in-ravi-tejas-mr-bachchan/articleshow/112539548.cms | title=Siddhu Jonnalagadda's cameo steals the spotlight in Ravi Teja's 'Mr. Bachchan' | newspaper=The Times of India | date=15 August 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |2025
|''[[Jack (2025 film)|Jack]]''
|Pablo Neruda "Jack"
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/siddhu-jonnalagadda-bommarillu-bhaskars-svcc-37-goes-on-floors/article67630168.ece |title=Siddhu Jonnalagadda - Bommarillu Bhaskar's 'SVCC 37' goes on floors |newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 December 2023 |access-date=4 January 2024 |archive-date=4 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104113942/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/siddhu-jonnalagadda-bommarillu-bhaskars-svcc-37-goes-on-floors/article67630168.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Telusu Kada]]''
|Varun
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-02-08 |title=Siddhu Jonnalagadda's 'Telusu Kada' motion poster unveiled |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/siddhu-jonnalagaddas-telusu-kada-motion-poster-unveiled-857373 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{TableTBA}}
|{{pending film|Tillu Cube}}
| Bala Gangadhar Tilak alias D.J. Tillu
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-02 |title=Siddhu Jonnalagadda teases superhero twist for 'Tillu Cube' in DJ Tillu Franchise |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/exciting-superhero-twist-for-tillu-cube-in-dj-tillu-franchise-siddhu-jonnalagadda/articleshow/108963589.cms |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Other crew positions ===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE; text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" scope="col"| Year
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" colspan="3"| Credited as
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
! rowspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! Writer !! Editor !! Lyricist
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020 || ''[[Krishna and His Leela]]'' || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{No}} ||
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
| ''[[Maa Vintha Gaadha Vinuma]]'' || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || for the songs "Jaana" and "Shayar-E-Ishq"
|<ref name="MVGV"/>
|-
|2022
|''[[DJ Tillu]]''
| {{Yes}} || {{No}} || {{No}} ||
|<ref name="DT"/>
|-
|2024
|''[[Tillu Square]]''
| {{Yes}} || {{No}} || {{Yes}} || for the song "Oh My Lily"
|<ref name="TS"/>
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Network
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Gangstars]]'' || Ajay || [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|}

== Discography ==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Work !! Song !! Composer
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="3"|2016 || ''[[Guntur Talkies]]'' || "Guntur Talkies" Title Track || rowspan="3" | [[Sricharan Pakala]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|''[[Naruda Donoruda]]'' || "Kaasu Paisa"
|
|-
|"Pelli Beatu"
|Rap portions<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Naruda-Donoruda-releases-its-first-song-on-Radio-Mirchi/articleshow/54695613.cms|title=Naruda Donoruda releases its first song on Radio Mirchi - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=22 June 2020|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731204005/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Naruda-Donoruda-releases-its-first-song-on-Radio-Mirchi/articleshow/54695613.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Maa Vintha Gaadha Vinuma]]''
|"Shayar-E-Ishq"
|Joy Rayarala
|
|-
|2022
|''[[DJ Tillu]]''
|"Nuvvala"
|Sricharan Pakala
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commonscatinline}}
*{{IMDb name|4149070}}
*{{Instagram|siddu_buoy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jonnalagadda, Siddu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Telugu screenwriters]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Hyderabad, India]]

Bharat Gupta

2026-02-05T04:15:52Z

Kanna chan: started initial details w/ sources

{{Short description|Business executive}}
{{Orphan|date=December 2024}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Bharat Gupta
| occupation = Business executive
| organization = Jagran New Media
| title = CEO, [[Jagran New Media]]
}}

'''Bharat Gupta''' is an Indian business executive and the CEO of [[Jagran Prakashan|Jagran New Media]], the digital division of [[Jagran Prakashan|Jagran Prakashan Ltd]], a major Indian media company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chawla |first=afaqs! news bureau, Namah |date=2022-05-16 |title="In web publishing domain, we need to experiment, without being scared of failure": Jagran New Media's Bharat Gupta |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/digital/in-web-publishing-domain-we-need-to-experiment-without-being-scared-of-failure-jagran-new-medias-bharat-gupta |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=afaqs! |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, he was appointed president of the South Asia Division by the International News Media Association (INMA).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jazib |first=Mohammad |date=2024-05-25 |title=INMA Elects 12 Media Executives to Board of Directors {{!}} CEO JNM Bharat Gupta Among Board Members |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/12-media-executives-elected-board-directors-ceo-jnm-among-members-2024-1716580148-1 |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Bharat Gupta became the CEO of Jagran New Media in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Qureshi |first=Nisha |date=2023-08-16 |title=Bharat Gupta outlines Jagran New Media's ambitious Rs 1,000 crore growth plan for 2028 |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/bharat-gupta-outlines-jagran-new-medias-ambitious-rs-1000-crore-growth-plan-for-2028 |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=afaqs! |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mumbai |first=afaqs! news bureau, afaqs! |date=2018-10-14 |title=Can web publishers meet the growing demand for local language content? |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/digital/53757_can-web-publishers-meet-the-growing-demand-for-local-language-content |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=afaqs! |language=en}}</ref> Before that, he was the executive president of marketing at [[Dainik Jagran]] and later the [[Chief marketing officer|CMO]] at Jagran New Media. He has participated in various forums representing Indian digital media, including [[World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers|WAN-IFRA]], the [[YouTube]] Publishers Forum, the Google News Initiative, and Newsgeist Asia.

In 2018, under his leadership, Jagran New Media launched VishvasNews.com, a [[fact-checking]] site available in 12 languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Building Resilience: Diversification Strategies for News and Media |url=https://events.ftstrategies.com/diversification-strategies-for-news-and-media/agenda/speakers/3286806 |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=events.ftstrategies.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vishvas.news launches 'Sach Ke Sathi Seniors' against online misinformation |url=https://indiantelevision.com/iworld/enews/vishvas.news-launches-%27sach-ke-sathi-seniors%27-against-online-misinformation-231219 |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Indian Television}}</ref> He is also a founding member and President of the Misinformation Combat Alliance, an initiative to combat misinformation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-07 |title=Meet the alliance helping Google and Meta fight election-related misinformation in India |url=https://restofworld.org/2024/3-minutes-with-bharat-gupta-mca/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Rest of World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Varma |first=Aishwarya |date=2024-02-19 |title=Meta & Misinformation Combat Alliance Partner To Fight Fake News Using Deepfakes |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/misinformation-combat-alliance-mca-meta-partnership-for-deepfakes-on-whatsapp-tipline#read-more |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref> In 2022, Gupta helped organize a fellowship program with [[Internet and Mobile Association of India|IAMAI]], [[Meta Platforms|Meta]], and Indian newsrooms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakrabarty |first=Madhushree |date=2022-12-09 |title=Vishvas News concludes a year-long fellowship programme |url=https://www.mediainfoline.com/education/vishvas-news-fellowship-programme#google_vignette |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Media Infoline |language=en-US}}</ref> Vishvas.News joined Global Fact 9 in Norway and Global Fact 10 in South Korea, organized by the [[Poynter Institute|International Fact-Checking Network]] (IFCN).<ref>{{Cite web |last=afaqs! |date=2024-07-02 |title=Vishvas.News participated in GlobalFact, the 11th global fact-checking annual summit |url=https://www.afaqs.com/companies/vishvasnews-participated-in-globalfact-the-11th-global-fact-checking-annual-summit |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=afaqs! |language=en}}</ref> Under his leadership, Jagran New Media expanded into advertising, subscriptions, and content production. The company ranked 29th on [[Comscore]]'s top 100 websites list and 8th in the news publisher category.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comscore Reports Top News/Information Digital Media Entities from Desktop Computers and Mobile Devices in India |url=https://www.comscore.com/Insights/Rankings/comScore-Reports-Top-News-Information-Digital-Media-Entities-from-Desktop-Computers-and-Mobile-Devices-in-India?cs_edgescape_cc=IN |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Comscore, Inc. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SN |first=Vikas |date=2013-10-07 |title=NDTV Questions comScore's Online News & Information Readership Report |url=https://www.medianama.com/2013/10/223-ndtv-comscore/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=MEDIANAMA |language=en-US}}</ref> Gupta is the President of the INMA South Asia Board and serves on several other key committees and boards, including Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-25 |title=India Today, Jagran New Media & Meta to head IAMAI's digital advertising council |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/india-today-jagran-new-media-meta-to-head-iamais-digital-advertising-council |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=afaqs! |language=en}}</ref> Digital News Publishers Association (DNPA), Misinformation Combat Alliance, and International Fact-Checking Network. He is also involved with FT Strategies, [[Google]], and YouTube advisory groups. Gupta has participated in the [[Forbes India]] One CEO Club to discuss digital transformation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Differentiation—The one-word recipe for success in a digital world |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/one-ceo-club/differentiationmdash-the-oneword-recipe-for-success-in-a-digital-world/54685/1 |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=www.forbesindia.com}}</ref>

In January 2022, he helped establish the Misinformation Combat Alliance (MCA), where he is the executive president.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INMA South Asia Elects Bharat Gupta as President |url=https://www.ceoinsightsasia.com/news/inma-south-asia-elects-bharat-gupta-as-president-nwid-11456.html |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=www.ceoinsightsasia.com}}</ref> The MCA collaborates with Google and Meta on misinformation projects, including election issues and a [[WhatsApp]] helpline.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-19 |title=Misinformation Combat Alliance, Meta introduce WhatsApp Helpline to fight deepfakes |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/misinformation-combat-alliance-meta-introduce-whatsapp-helpline-for-misinformation/articleshow/107819320.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-03 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> In 2024, Gupta became president of INMA's South Asia Division, succeeding Praveen Someshwar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-24 |title=Jagran New Media CEO Bharat Gupta Elected As President Of INMA's South Asian Division |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/jagran-new-media-ceo-bharat-gupta-elected-as-president-of-inma-south-asian-division-10129199 |access-date=2024-09-03 |website= |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Jazib |first=Mohammad |date=2024-05-25 |title=INMA Elects 12 Media Executives to Board of Directors {{!}} CEO JNM Bharat Gupta Among Board Members |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/12-media-executives-elected-board-directors-ceo-jnm-among-members-2024-1716580148-1 |access-date=2024-09-03 |website= |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Gupta received the 'Youth Achievers Award' in 2014,<ref>{{Cite web |title=भरत गुप्ता यूथ अचीवर अवार्ड से सम्मानित |url=https://www.inextlive.com/bharat-gupta-gets-youth-achievers-award-201402140028 |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=inextlive |language=hi}}</ref> was named one of India's Best Leaders in Times of Crisis in 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sensharma |first=Aalok |date=2021-08-13 |title=Jagran New Media's CEO Bharat Gupta named one of India's best leaders in 'Times of Crisis 2021' by GPTW (India) |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/jagran-new-media-s-ceo-bharat-gupta-named-one-of-india-s-best-leaders-in-times-of-crisis-2021-by-gptw-india-10030662 |access-date=2024-09-03 |website= |language=en}}</ref> and won the 2023 DMA Trailblazer Award for his contributions to the growth of HerZindagi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharat Gupta of Jagran news media receives the DMA Trailblazer Award 2023 |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/bharat-gupta-of-jagran-news-media-receives-the-dma-trailblazer-award-2023-231013 |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Indian Television}}</ref>

== Publications and Case Studies ==
His work during the COVID-19 pandemic is featured in the book ''Strategic Management in the Media: Theory to Practice'' by Prof. Dr. Lucy Kueng.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-10 |title=JNM CEO Bharat Gupta Features In Author Lucy Küng's Book - 'Strategic Management In The Media: Theory To Practice' |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/jnm-ceo-bharat-gupta-features-in-author-lucy-kngs-book-strategic-management-in-the-media-theory-to-practice-10126188 |access-date=2024-09-02 |website= |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website|https://jnm.digital/team.html}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Bharat}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian business executives]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

India Government Mint, Kolkata

2026-01-12T07:19:59Z

Kanna chan: expanded content

{{Short description|Indian mint established in 1757}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox company
| image = Calcutta mint.jpg
| image_size = 270px
| logo =
| name = India Government Mint, Kolkata
| type = Public sector
| fate =
| defunct =
| founder =
| foundation = {{start date and age|1757}}<ref>{{cite web|first=Sancharii|last=Bhattacharyya|url=https://www.jiyobangla.com/bn/news/history-of-mint|title=History of Mint (টাকার আঁতুরঘরের ইতিহাস)|website=jiyobangla.com|date=16 December 2019|access-date=1 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101145618/https://www.jiyobangla.com/bn/news/history-of-mint|archive-date=1 January 2022|language=bn}}</ref>
| location = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| industry = [[Mint (coin)|Mint]]
| key_people = Gorakhnath Yadav {{small|(General Manager & HOD)}}
| products = Currency, Medallions
| website = {{website|http://igmkolkata.spmcil.com/}}
}}
{{Coin image box 1 double
| header = [[Indian rupee]] minted at Calcutta mint (1905).
| image = File:1 Indian rupee (1905).jpg
| caption_left = '''Obverse''': Bust of [[Edward VII]] surrounded by his name.
| caption_right = '''Reverse''': Face value, country and date. Spray of lotus flowers on each side and a crown above.
| width = 250
| footer = Made of 91.7% silver. This particular coin was minted at Kolkata mint since letter "B" (in small) is missing from the crown which indicated that the coin was minted in Mumbai and absence of which tells that coin was minted in Kolkata.
| position = centre
| margin = 0
}}

The '''India Government Mint, Kolkata''' was first established in 1757,<ref name="IGMint">{{cite web|url=http://www.igmint.org/hist.htm |title=History of the Alipore Mint |access-date=15 September 2008 |publisher=India Govt Mint, Kolkota |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080629011733/http://www.igmint.org/hist.htm |archive-date=29 June 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and was located in a building next to the [[Black Hole of Calcutta|Black Hole]] in the old fort – where the GPO (General Post Office) stands today.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071130/asp/frontpage/story_8611104.asp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120917170945/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071130/asp/frontpage/story_8611104.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 September 2012|location=Calcutta, India|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)]]|title=From mint to museum|date=30 November 2007}}</ref> It was called the '''Calcutta Mint''' and used to produce coins with the mint name [[Murshidabad]].<ref name="IGMint" />

==Second mint==
[[File:Two silver rupee coins from the Bengal Presidency, during the reign of Shah Alam II in Company Raj, minted in Old Calcutta Mint, photographed from a personal collection in West Bengal, India, by Yogabrata Chakraborty on August 19, 2023.jpg|thumb|Two silver rupee coins from the [[Bengal Presidency]], during the reign of [[Shah Alam II]] in Company Raj, minted in old Calcutta Mint.]]
The second Calcutta Mint was established with the modern machinery brought in 1790 from England. It was located at the site of Gillet Ship building Establishment, which had been taken over by the Stamp and Stationary Committee in 1833. The coins issued from this mint continued to bear mint name Murshidabad.

==Third mint==
[[File:Silver Mint House - 60 Strand Road - Kolkata 2016-10-11 0637.JPG|thumb|The Old Silver Mint house at 60 Strand road, Kolkata, now occupied by the [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]].]]
[[File:Reverse of the 1835 One Rupee coin, struck on the name of King William IV of England, minted in Calcutta, photographed from my personal collection, Yogabrata Chakraborty, in West Bengal, India, September 14, 2024.jpg|thumb|Reverse of the 1835 One Rupee coin, struck in the name of King William IV of England, minted in Calcutta.]]
In March 1824, the foundation of the third Calcutta Mint was laid on Strand Road and was opened for production from 1 August 1829. Until 1835, coins issued at this mint continued to be in the name of the Murshidabad Mint. The imposing frontage of the building of the third Mint was based on a design of the [[Temple of Athena]] in [[Athens]], Greece, usually known as the [[Parthenon]]. The operative blocks were hidden out of view by the magnificent frontage.

This mint was named as "Old Silver Mint".<ref name="ET">{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ET_Cetera/Kolkatas_Old_Silver_Mint_to_get_renovated/articleshow/3244324.cms |title=Kolkata's landmark Old Silver Mint to be re-incarnated |date=17 July 2008 |access-date=15 September 2008 |publisher=Economic Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802223916/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ET_Cetera/Kolkatas_Old_Silver_Mint_to_get_renovated/articleshow/3244324.cms |archive-date=2 August 2008 }}</ref> The foundation for this mint was laid March 1824, and production began 1 August 1829.<ref name="ET" />

The coinage production capacity then was varying between {{formatnum:300000}} and {{formatnum:600000}} pieces per day. In 1860, an annexe known as the "Copper Mint" was built to the north of the Silver Mint for the exclusive production of copper coins.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

[[File:Copper pie sikka coins from the Bengal Presidency.jpg|thumb|Copper pie sikka coins from the 1820s, minted at the third Mint.]]
The silver and copper mints both used to function and produce coins of [[bronze]], silver and gold. Both these mints were well equipped with the coining presses supplied by Boulton and Watt of Soho, Birmingham, England.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

Apart from minting of coins another important function of the Kolkata Mint was the manufacturing of medals and decorations during the British regime. The production of medals continues to this day.

After the closure of this mint in 1952 the building fell into disrepair, after years of neglect. The [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]] declared this building a heritage building. A proposal to restore this building and convert its vast spaces into a museum was put up,<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.wbtourism.com/kolkata/heritage_buildings.htm |title= Heritage Buildings in Kolkata|access-date = 7 November 2006|publisher= [[West Bengal Tourism]]|url-status = dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061128183102/http://www.wbtourism.com/kolkata/heritage_buildings.htm |archive-date = 28 November 2006|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050719/asp/calcutta/story_5001851.asp|archive-url = https://archive.today/20130203224011/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050719/asp/calcutta/story_5001851.asp|url-status = dead|archive-date = 3 February 2013|title = Fresh reuse initiative for Old Mint|date = 19 July 2005|access-date = 7 November 2006|publisher = The Telegraph, Calcutta, India}}</ref> and on 10 July 2008 pre-qualification bids were received from eight developers.<ref name="ET" /> The project will be a public-private partnership between the Security Printing and Minting Corporation, under the finance ministry, owner of the mint, and the winning bidder.<ref name="ET" />

==Alipore Mint==
In the late 1930s, foundation work for a new mint was completed at [[Taratala]], close to [[Alipore]] and construction was to have completed by early 1942. However [[World War II]] brought all construction to a halt. It was completed in early 1950s.<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news|url =http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/03/20/stories/2002032000030800.htm|archive-url =https://archive.today/20130125055003/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/03/20/stories/2002032000030800.htm|url-status =usurped|archive-date =25 January 2013|title =The Alipore Mint: dated March 20, 1952|date =20 March 2002|access-date =15 September 2008|work =[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

The Alipore Mint was opened by Finance Minister of Government of India Shree [[C. D. Deshmukh]] on 19 March 1952.<ref name="Hindu" /> The full operation for the coinage and preparation of medals, decorations and badges started in Alipore Mint from this date. In addition to production of coins for domestic use also produces coins for other nations.

Alipore Mint has merged as cooperation and not a totally Government controlling body since 2008. It is a semi government and semi private sector organization at present.

==Alipore Mint Colony==
Alipore Mint Colony is located in few minutes distance from Alipore Mint. It is a closed boundary government protected area. It has a huge land for the residence and relaxation for all the employees of India Government Mint. The employees are facilitated High end Central Government Security, 24hrs water supply, cooperative store and other all such facility. Ample amount of space of ground for sports and play ground is provided for enjoyment and relaxation and entertainment.

Apart from that inside the closed premises, Central Government School is provided for children education till 10+2 standard. Medical facilities are also provide by the [[Central Government Health Scheme]] authority.

==See also==
* [[Indian rupee]]
* [[Indian coinage]]
* [[India Government Mint]]
* [[India Government Mint, Mumbai|Mumbai Mint]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://igmkolkata.spmcil.com/ India Government Mint, Kolkata] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022003921/http://igmkolkata.spmcil.com/ |date=22 October 2018 }}

{{Portal bar|India|Numismatics}}
{{Indian currency}}
{{coord|22|30|56.49|N|88|19|11.03|E|display=title}}

[[Category:1757 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1803 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Mints of India]]
[[Category:New Alipore]]
[[Category:Numismatics]]

List of Bhojpuri films of 2021

2025-12-29T17:49:42Z

Kanna chan:

{{short description|none}}
{{moresources|date=February 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}

These are the list of [[Bhojpuri language]] films that are scheduled to release in 2021.

==2021==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Release date
! Film
! Cast
! Director
|-
|14 January 2021
|''[[Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (2021 film)|Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye]]''
|{{hlist|[[Khesari Lal Yadav]]|[[Madhu Sharma]]|[[Kajal Raghwani]]}}
|[[Rajnish Mishra]]
|-
|12 February 2021
|''Vinashak''
|{{hlist|Samar Singh|[[Anjana Singh]]|[[Sanjay Pandey]]}}
|Mithai Lal Yadav
|-
|19 February 2021
|''Ghatak''
|{{hlist|[[Pawan Singh]]|Sahar Afsha|[[Tinu Verma]]}}
|[[Tinu Verma]]
|-
|26 February 2021
|''Premgeet''
|{{hlist|[[Pradeep Pandey]]|[[Yamini Singh (Bhojpuri actress)|Yamini Singh]]}}
|Sonu Khatri
|-
|5 March 2021
|''Pyar To Hona Hi Tha''
|{{hlist|Arvind Akela Kallu|[[Yamini Singh (Bhojpuri actress)|Yamini Singh]]}}
|Pramod Shastri
|-
|rowspan=2|19 March 2021
|''Seeta Aur Geeta''
|{{hlist|Arvind Akela Kallu|Kajal Yadav}}
|Sushil Kumar Upadhyay
|-
|''Shubh Vivah''
|{{hlist|Pramod Premi Yadav|Chandni Singh}}
|Anand Singh
|-
|rowspan=2|29 March 2021
|''Saiyan Arab Gaile Na''
|{{hlist|[[Khesari Lal Yadav]]|[[Kajal Raghwani]]|[[Shubhi Sharma]]}}
|Premanshu Singh
|-
|''Romeo Raja''
|{{hlist|[[Dinesh Lal Yadav]]|[[Amrapali Dubey]]}}
|Manoj Narayana
|-
|2021
|scope="row" style="background:#ffc; "|''Bansi Birju''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
|{{hlist|Pravesh Lal Yadav|Aditya Ozha|Chandni Singh}}
|
|}

{{Incomplete list|date=October 2022}}

== January–March ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;" |'''Opening'''
! style="width:20%;" |'''Title'''
! style="width:15%;" |'''Director'''
! style="width:25%;" |'''Cast'''
! style="width:20%;" |Production Company
! style="width:4%;" |'''{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}'''
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#f7bf87; text color:#000;" |J A N U A R Y
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7" |'''14'''
|[[Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (2021 film)|Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye]]
|[[Rajnish Mishra]]
|{{hlist|[[Khesari Lal Yadav]]|[[Kajal Raghwani]]|[[Madhu Sharma]]}}
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=खेसारी लाल और काजल की मोस्ट अवेटेड फिल्म 'दुल्हिन वही जो पिया मन भाये' रिलीज, सरप्राइज रोल में मधु शर्मा |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-yadav-kajal-raghwani-and-madhu-sharma-starrer-movie-dulhan-wahi-jo-piya-man-bhaye-released-in-cinema-halls-know-about-the-most-awaited-movie-abk |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>
|}

== October–December ==

{{Empty section|date=October 2022}}

== References ==
<references />

{{Indian film list}}
{{2021 films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhojpuri films, 2021}}
[[Category:Lists of Bhojpuri films by year]]
[[Category:2020s Bhojpuri-language films|*2021]]
[[Category:2020s Indian films|*]]

Gurajada Kalakshetram, Visakhapatnam

2025-12-20T16:36:21Z

Kanna chan: added info

{{short description|Cultural center and auditorium in Visakhapatnam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox Theatre
|name = Gurajada Kalakshetram
|address = [[Siripuram, Visakhapatnam|Siripuram]]
|city = [[Visakhapatnam]]
|country = India
|image =
|caption =
|coordinates = {{coord|17.720325|83.318467|display=inline}}
|designation =
|architect =
|owner = [[Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Region Development Authority]]
|tenant =
|operator =
|capacity = 2,300
|type =
|opened = 1986
|reopened =
|years_active = 1986 onwards
|rebuilt =
|closed =
|demolished =
|other_names =
|production =
|current_use =
|website =
}}

'''Gurajada Kalakshetram''' is an [[open-air theatre]] located in [[Visakhapatnam]], in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Named after the Telugu playwright and poet [[Gurajada Apparao]], the venue is used for cultural performances, public events, and official gatherings. It is considered one of the notable cultural venues in the North Coastal Andhra region.<ref>{{cite news |title=Eminent poet Gurajada remembered |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/eminent-poet-gurajada-remembered/articleshow/71237253.cms |work=The Times of India |date=21 September 2019 |access-date=30 June 2025}}</ref>

== History ==

The auditorium was inaugurated in 1986 by the then [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]]. It was established to commemorate the literary contributions of Gurajada Apparao, particularly his work ''[[Kanyasulkam]]'', a significant play in modern Telugu theatre.<ref>{{cite news |title=Stone laid for renovation of Gurajada Kalakshetram |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2016/Mar/28/stone-laid-for-renovation-of-gurajada-kalakshetram-917024.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=28 March 2016 |access-date=30 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=7 famous auditoriums in Vizag which have hosted countless shows |url=https://www.yovizag.com/7-famous-auditoriums-in-vizag-which-have-hosted-countless-shows/ |website=Yo Vizag |date=16 July 2021 |access-date=30 June 2025}}</ref> Since its establishment, the venue has hosted various drama festivals, music concerts, and official programs.

== Renovation ==

In 2018, the [[Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation]] (GVMC) undertook renovation works at the site. An amount of approximately ₹20 million was allocated to upgrade the seating, acoustics, and stage infrastructure. After renovation, the auditorium was reported to have a seating capacity of around 3,000, along with improved facilities for performers and the audience.<ref>{{cite news |title=Visakhapatnam’s iconic theatre Gurajada Kalakshetram set for inauguration by Andhra Pradesh CM Chandrababu Naidu |url=https://www.yovizag.com/visakhapatnam-iconic-theater-gurajada-kalakshetram-set-for-inauguration-by-andhra-pradesh-cm-chandrababu-naidu/ |work=Yo Vizag |date=25 March 2024 |access-date=30 June 2025}}</ref>

== Community impact ==

Gurajada Kalakshetram is also used for public meetings, educational seminars, and civic events. Its location near [[Siripuram, Visakhapatnam|Siripuram]] Junction makes it accessible to both residents and visitors. The GVMC leases the venue for private functions, which generates revenue for municipal operations and maintenance.<ref>{{cite news |title=International Women's Day medical camp at Visakha Gurajada Kalakshetram |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/uploads/2024/epaper/march/vijayawada-english-edition-2024-03-14.pdf |work=The Pioneer |date=14 March 2024 |access-date=30 June 2025}}</ref>

== Architecture ==

The auditorium features a semi-open architectural design, suitable for the coastal climate of Visakhapatnam. It includes a large raised stage and tiered seating to allow clear views for the audience. Recent upgrades have improved amenities, including landscaping, parking facilities, and green areas around the premises.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gurajada Kalakshetram |url=https://vizagexplore.weebly.com/landmarks.html#GURAJADA_KALAKSHETRAM |website=Vizag Explore |access-date=30 June 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[RK Beach]]
* [[Visakhapatnam]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Convention centres in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Theatres in India]]

{{Visakhapatnam}}

Kanneganti

2025-11-19T10:51:56Z

Kanna chan: starting post

'''Kanneganti''' ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]: కన్నెగంటి) is a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] surname. Notable people with the surname include:

* [[Kanneganti Brahmanandam|Kanneganti Brahmandanam]] (born 1956), Indian actor and comedian mononymously known as Brahmanandam 
* [[Kanneganti Hanumanthu]] (1870–1922), Indian activist 
* [[Lalitha Kanneganti]] (born 1971), Indian judge 
* [[Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti]] (born 1972), Indian-American immunologist 
{{surname}}
[[Category:Telugu-language surnames]]

Ever Upwards: ISRO in Images

2025-10-23T06:25:23Z

Kanna chan: created pg

{{Short description|2019 book by P. V. Manoranjan Rao, B. N. Suresh, and V. P. Balagangadharan}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Ever Upwards: ISRO in Images
| language = English
| country = India
| genre = [[Science]]
| publisher = [[Orient Blackswan]]
| isbn = 9789389211139
| image = Ever_Upwards_ISRO_in_Images.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Book cover
| pub_date = July 2019
| pages = 304
}}

'''''Ever Upwards: ISRO in Images'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orientblackswan.com/BookDescription?isbn=978-93-89211-13-9&id=11&t=c|title=Orient Blackswan Pvt.Ltd.|website=orientblackswan.com|access-date=2019-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/1725764/isros-history-before-mangalyaan-and-chandrayaan-2/|title=In photos: The scientists who launched India's space programme|last=Kapur|first=Manavi|website=Quartz India|language=en|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref> by [[P. V. Manoranjan Rao]], [[B. N. Suresh]] and [[V. P. Balagangadharan]] — all of them former scientists of the [[Indian Space Research Organization]] — is a coffee table book<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/10-iconic-isro-photos-you-must-see_in_5dbab346e4b00d83f7232883|title=10 Iconic ISRO Photos You Must See|date=2019-11-03|website=HuffPost India|language=en|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/isro-in-images-gives-a-peek-into-the-space-agencys-past/article30050578.ece|title='ISRO in Images' gives a peek into the space agency's past|date=2019-11-22|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-05|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> on the history of the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/rocket-science-how-small-sounding-rockets-scripted-isro-success-story/305681/|title=Rocket science: How small 'sounding rockets' scripted ISRO success story|work=ThePrint|access-date=17 October 2019}}</ref>

The book, with over 350 photos,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/thumba-moon-coffee-table-book-3-scientists-traces-isro-history-112112|website=www.thenewsminute.com|access-date=2019-11-18|title=From Thumba to the Moon: A coffee table book by 3 scientists traces ISRO history|date=11 November 2019}}</ref> is the sequel of [[From Fishing Hamlet To Red Planet]], published in 2015. These two books are considered to be the most authoritative and official history of the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]—the only history books to have been authorized by the space organization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/204852/india-isro-historic-pictures-thumba-mangalyaan-vikram-sarabhai-kalam-pslv/|title=ISRO's First Launch Pad to Mangalyaan: 10 Historic Photos From Our Space Adventure|date=2019-12-05|website=The Better India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref>

In its review, [[Open (Indian magazine)|Open Magazine]] wrote that this: "As a showcase of ISRO's past and present, produced by three stalwarts with intimate knowledge of the organisation, this coffee-table book is a keeper."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://openthemagazine.com/lounge/books/in-search-of-new-frontiers/|title=In Search of New Frontiers|last1=Balagangadharan|first1=V. P.|last2=Rao|first2=PV Manoranjan|date=2019-12-06|website=Open The Magazine|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-12-15|last3=Suresh|first3=B. N.}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Spaceflight books]]
[[Category:Books about ISRO]]

Rengali Assembly constituency

2025-10-20T05:09:27Z

Kanna chan: updated page

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Rengali}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rengali
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 16
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Northen Division
| district = [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sambalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambalpur]]
| established = 2009
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Sudarshan Haripal]]
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 1,96,975{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Rengali''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha|constituency]] of [[Sambalpur district]], [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109200654/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=16 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=9 January 2014 |title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Rengali (16) District : Sambalpur |accessdate= 9 January 2014}}</ref>

This constituency includes Rengali block, Dhankauda block and 10 [[Gram panchayat]]s (Gunderpur, Batemura, Bhikampur, Maneswar, Mathpali, Nuatihura, Parmanpur, Sindurpank, Tabala and Themra) of Maneswar block.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf|title=Assembly Constituencies and their Extent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls|title=Seats of Odisha}}</ref>

The constituency was formed in the 2008 Delimitation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delimitation 2008 |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/forms/int1.pdf |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]] |access-date=25 May 2024 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529075331/https://elections.tn.gov.in/Web/forms/int1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and went for polls in [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 election]].

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|45.45}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|47.56}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|35.78}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|31.45}}
}}

Since its formation in 2009, 4 elections were held till date.

List of members elected from Rengali constituency are:<ref name=prevMLAs>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual - 2011 - List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly - (1951–2004) |access-date=6 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rengali Assembly Election Results 2024: Rengali Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/rengali-constituency-result-18016 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Sudarshan Haripal]]
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=7 October 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners">{{Cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html|title=Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners|last=Zee News|date=24 May 2019|access-date=8 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108183944/https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html|archive-date=8 November 2022|language=en}}</ref>
|[[Nauri Nayak]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014.|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=18 August 2014|access-date=29 May 2014|publisher=Leadtech.in}}</ref>
|Ramesh Patua
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html|archive-date=27 May 2013|access-date=16 April 2014|website=leadtech.in|quote=30351}}</ref>
|Duryodhan Gardia
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 25 May 2024 in 3rd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Sudarshan Haripal]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Then Sitting Mla [[Nauri Nayak]] by a margin of 3,212 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]], Rengali}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Sudarshan Haripal]]
|votes = 73,420
|percentage = 45.45
|change = {{increase}}2.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Nauri Nayak]]|votes=70,208|percentage=43.46|change={{decrease}}4.10}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Dillip Kumar Duria|votes=9,365|percentage=5.80|change={{decrease}}0.49}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,820|percentage=1.13|change={{decrease}}0.47}}
{{Election box majority||votes=3,212|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,61,528|percentage=82|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
In 2019 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Nauri Nayak]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Reena Tanty by a margin of 6,743 votes.<ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners" />

{{Election box begin|
| title=[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]: Rengali<ref name="TP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-III) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase3/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%283rd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf|website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=18 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Nauri Nayak|votes=74077|percentage=47.56|change={{increase}}13.16}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Biju Janata Dal|candidate=Reena Tanty|votes=67334|percentage=43.23|change={{increase}}7.45}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Balakrushna Rohidas|votes=9799|percentage=6.29|change={{decrease}}17.46}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Bidyadhar Pandav|votes=1154|percentage=0.74|change=''-''}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Subal Singh
|votes =888
|percentage =0.57
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=2497|percentage=1.6|change={{decrease}}0.06}}
{{Election box majority||votes=6743|percentage=4.33|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=155749|percentage=80.24|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Ramesh Patua defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Nauri Nayak]] by a margin of 1,830 votes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=9 June 2014|archive-date=18 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
| title=[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Rengali<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Rengali|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1816.htm?ac=16|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014, Constituency: Rengali (16)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714141142/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=16|url-status=usurped|archive-date=14 July 2014|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Ramesh Patua
|votes = 47,210
|percentage = 35.78
|change = {{increase}}20.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Nauri Nayak]]
|votes = 45,380
|percentage = 34.4
|change = {{increase}}22.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Duryodhan Gardia
|votes = 31,335
|percentage = 23.75
|change = {{decrease}}7.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,191
|percentage = 1.66
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,830
|percentage = 1.38
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,31,935
|percentage = 78.11
|change = 14.61
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,68,910
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Duryodhan Gardia defeated [[Independent politician|Independent]] candidate M. B. Pyariraj by a margin of 13,784 votes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=13784 |accessdate=10 January 2014 |archive-date=27 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
|title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Rengali<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Duryodhan Gardia
|votes = 32,656
|percentage = ''31.45''
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = M. B. Pyariraj
|votes = 18,872
|percentage = 18.17
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Sanatan Bisi]]
|votes = 15,694
|percentage = 15.11
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Independent
|candidate = [[Nauri Nayak]]
|votes = 12,321
|percentage = 11.86
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Debanand Bhusagar
|votes = 12,044
|percentage = 11.60
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 13,784
|percentage = ''13.27''{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,03,896
|percentage = 63.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sambalpur district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha|state=expanded}}
{{coord|21.63|84.04|display=title}}

[[Category:Sambalpur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 2009]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Orissa]]

Thoda Tuza Ani Thoda Maza

2025-10-05T16:45:06Z

Kanna chan:

{{Short description|2024 Marathi language television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_size =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| story = Atul Ketkar
| screenplay = Pralhad Kudtarkar
| based_on =
| editor = Ashwini Nanda Ramesh Bagde
| director = Chandrakant Kanse
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| composer = [[Avinash-Vishwajeet]]
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| num_episodes = 329
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| producer = Aparna Ketkar Atul Ketkar
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = Right Click Media Solutions
| network = [[Star Pravah]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2024|6|17|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2025|9|12|df=y}}
| related = ''[[Deivamagal]]''
}}

'''''Thoda Tuza Ani Thoda Maza''''' ({{Translation|A little bit of yours and a little bit of mine}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] television series that airs on [[Star Pravah]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-08 |title='थोडं तुझं आणि थोडं माझं' मालिकेतून प्रसिद्ध अभिनेत्रीचं छोट्या पडद्यावर कमबॅक; नव्या मालिकेचा प्रोमो प्रदर्शित |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/marathi-actress-shivani-surve-new-serial-thoda-tuza-ani-thoda-maza-serial-promo-out-manasi-kulkarni-starcast-sh04 |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[Saam TV]] |language=mr}}</ref> It stars [[Shivani Surve]], Sameer Paranjape and Manasi Kulkarni in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title='थोडं तुझं आणि थोडं माझं' मालिकेत लगीनघाई, बाबांचं स्वप्न पूर्ण करण्यासाठी मानसीचा मोठा निर्णय |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/thoda-tuza-ani-thoda-maza-tv-serial-mansi-s-big-decision-to-fulfill-her-father-s-dream-going-to-marry-ranjeet-marathi-news-1302215 |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref> It is produced by Atul and Aparna Ketkar under the banner of ''Right Click Media Solutions''.<ref>{{Cite web |title='थोडं तुझं आणि थोडं माझं' मालिकेत निळू फुलेंच्या लेकीची एण्ट्री; 'खुलता कळी खुलेना' फेम अभिनेताही झळकणार |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/gargi-phule-and-omprakash-shinde-entry-in-thoda-tuza-thoda-maza-serial-on-star-pravah-psn14 |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}</ref> It premiered from 17 June 2024 by replacing ''[[Tuzech Mi Geet Gaat Aahe]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title='थोडं तुझं आणि थोडं माझं'मध्ये उलगडणार नात्यांची गोष्ट, या दिवशी भेटीला येणार मालिका |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/the-story-of-relationships-will-be-unfolded-in-thod-tuzh-and-thod-maza-the-series-will-be-visited-on-this-day-a-a603/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref> It is an official remake of Tamil TV series ''[[Deivamagal]]''.

==Plot==
The story mainly revolves around Tejas, Manasi and Tejas' eldest sister-in-law Gayatri. Gayatri's conspiracies against their families to acquire Tejas' ancestral property. Manasi grows up in rich family in the village. Her parents are loving. She has a younger sister. Her father arranges marriage for her with Ranjit a businessman. Unfortunately, Ranjit and Manasi's wedding is halted. Due to this, Manasi's father dies of a heart attack. After her father's death, Manasi and her family moves to her maternal uncle Kamlakar's house. There Manasi and her family suffer much because of her greedy aunt Shobha. Shobha starts to take revenge on Manasi's family as Manasi's father had rejected her son's marriage proposal with Manasi. Shobha determines to chase Manasi and her family from her house.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Shivani Surve]] as Manasi Sampat Sanas / Manasi Tejas Prabhu (Lucky Charm)
*Sameer Paranjape as Tejas Prabhakar Prabhu (Rashtrahit)
*Manasi Kulkarni as Gayatri Dixit / Gayatri Dinesh Prabhu; Tejas' sister-in-law

===Recurring===
*Amogh Chandan as Dinesh Prabhakar Prabhu; Tejas' elder brother, Gayatri's husband
*Manasi Ghate as Chhaya Dixit; Gayatri's sister
*Rugved Phadke as Vinod; Chhaya's husband
*Pranav Prabhakar as Suraj Prabhakar Prabhu; Tejas' older brother
*Sonal Pawar as Geeta Suraj Prabhu; Suraj's wife
*Madhavi Soman as Sampada Sampat Sanas; Manasi's mother
*Shivshailesh Korde as Sampat Sanas; Manasi's father
*Sharvari Pendharkar as Nidhi Sampat Sanas; Manasi's sister
*Devendra Dodke as Kamlakar; Manasi's maternal uncle
*Purnima Talwalkar as Shobha; Manasi's maternal aunt
*Rutvij Kulkarni as Vineet; Kamlakar and Shobha's son
*Anjali Joglekar as Sunanda Prabhakar Prabhu; Tejas' mother
*Trupti Ravindra / Sakhi Gundaye as Aabha Prabhakar Prabhu; Tejas' sister
*Gargi Phule-Thatte as Rajani Jahagirdar; Ranjeet's mother
*Omprakash Shinde as Ranjeet Jahagirdar; Manasi's fiance
*Priyanka Nar as Manaswi; Manasi's cousin

==Production==
===Casting===
[[Shivani Surve]], who had her last appearance in ''[[Bigg Boss Marathi season 2]]'', returned to the [[Star Pravah]] after a hiatus of nine years to take on the role of Manasi Sanas, the female lead.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-17 |title=१२ वर्षांपूर्वी 'देवयानी' अन् आता 'मानसी', नवीन मालिका सुरू होण्यापूर्वी शिवानी सुर्वेची खास पोस्ट, प्रेक्षकांना म्हणाली... |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/shivani-surve-thoda-tuza-ani-thoda-maza-serial-will-start-from-today-actress-shared-special-post-sva-00-4431171/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref> Sameer Paranjape was selected to played the role of Tejas Prabhu, the male lead after seeing his role in ''[[Sundara Manamadhe Bharli]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=लय भारी जोडी! नव्या मालिकेत शिवानी सुर्वे-समीर परांजपे पहिल्यांदाच एकत्र, थोडं तुझं आणि थोडं माझं मालिकेचा नवा प्रोमो रिलीज |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/star-pravah-marathi-serial-new-promo-update-thoda-tuza-thoda-maza-shivani-surve-sameer-paranjpe-marathi-television-update-entertainment-latest-update-detail-marathi-news-1286775 |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref> Manasi Kulkarni was chosen to portray Gayatri Prabhu, the antagonist,<ref>{{Cite web |title=अभिनेत्रीचं १० वर्षांनी मालिकाविश्वात कमबॅक, स्टार प्रवाहच्या मालिकेत साकारणार महत्त्वाची भूमिका |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/manasi-kulkarni-marathi-actress-comeback-in-serial-after-10-years-in-star-pravah-serial-thoda-tuza-thoda-maza-shivani-surve-entertainment-latest-update-detail-marathi-news-1287812 |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref> while Gargi Phule-Thatte and Omprakash Shinde was chosen to portray the role of mother-son, Rajani Jahagirdar and Ranjit Jahagirdar respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title='थोडं तुझं आणि थोडं माझं' मालिकेतील गायत्री प्रभूचा लूक 'या' अभिनेत्रीने केलाय डिझाईन |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/photos/television/thoda-tuz-ani-thoda-maz-marathi-serial-gayatri-prabhu-actress-manasi-kulkarni-look-design-a-a998/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref> Manasi Ghate also played the supporting role of Chhaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-17 |title=शिवानी सुर्वेच्या नव्या मालिकेत झळकणार 'रंग माझा वेगळा' फेम अभिनेत्री! साकारणार 'ही' भूमिका |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/rang-maza-vegla-fame-manasi-ghate-will-play-important-role-in-thoda-tuza-ani-thoda-maza-new-serial-sva-00-4431493/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>

===Title song===
The title song "Thoda Tuza Ani Thoda Maza" features music composed by [[Avinash-Vishwajeet]]. The song is sung by [[Aarya Ambekar]] and Nachiket Lele.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-24 |title='स्टार प्रवाह' वाहिनीवर लवकरच येतेय आणखी एक नवी मालिका, आर्या आंबेकर व नचिकेत लेले यांनी गायलं शीर्षकगीत |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/thoda-tujha-thoda-majha-new-marathi-serial-coming-soon-on-star-pravah-title-song-sung-by-aarya-ambekar-and-nachiket-lele-pps-98-4335260/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt33472139}}
*[https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/thoda-tuza-ani-thoda-maza/1271319117 ''Thoda Tuza Ani Thoda Maza''] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Star Pravah original programming]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Marathi-language television series based on Tamil-language television series]]

Madaharpakkam

2025-09-20T08:13:31Z

Kanna chan: data.

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Madharpakkam
| other_name = Madharpakkam
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.4438818|N|80.0017854|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gummidipoondi taluk|Gummidipoondi]] (part)
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 26
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 4737
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 628569
| footnotes =
}}
'''Madharpakkam ( மாதர் பாக்கம்)''' is a village in the [[Tiruvallur district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Part of it is located in the [[Gummidipoondi taluk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Tamil%20Nadu.pdf |title=Tamil Nadu village directory |publisher=Government of India |accessdate=2015-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095332/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Tamil%20Nadu.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This village is located near Andhra Pradesh border. Weaving was one of the main source of income for very-long years. Due to the downfall of Handloom Industry. People migrated to different places seeking employment. The villagers main source of employment depends on Gummidipoondi sipcot. This village consists of four panchayats namely Madharpakkam, Padirivedu, Manellore and Nemallur. The Government higher secondary school is one of the oldest school in the district. Telugu and Tamil are major languages spoken by people.

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Madaharpakkam has 1171 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 79.17%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-3301-F-Census.xlsx |title=Thiruvallur population |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu |accessdate=2015-10-11 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 4737 || 2391 || 2346
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 502 || 263 || 239
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 1145 || 576 || 569
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 209 || 92 || 117
|-
| Literates || 3353 || 1841 || 1512
|-
| Workers (all) || 1953 || 1458 || 495
|-
| Main workers (total) || 1725 || 1311 || 414
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 55 || 48 || 7
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 232 || 169 || 63
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 186 || 140 || 46
|-
| Main workers: Other || 1252 || 954 || 298
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 228 || 147 || 81
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 6 || 2 || 4
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 85 || 67 || 18
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 15 || 5 || 10
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 122 || 73 || 49
|-
| Non-workers || 2784 || 933 || 1851
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Gummidipoondi taluk}}

[[Category:Villages in Gummidipoondi taluk]]

Welspun Solar MP project

2025-08-16T00:54:23Z

Kanna chan: info!

{{Short description|Solar project in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox power station
| name = Bhagwanpura Solar Power Plant
| name_official = Welspun Solar MP
| image =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|24.6907|N|75.1347|E|region:IN_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| location = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| status = O
| construction_began = 2013
| commissioned = February 2014
| decommissioned =
| cost =
| owner =
| operator =
| solar_type = PV
| solar_csp_heliostats =
| solar_cpvt =
| ps_units_manu_model =
| ps_site_area = {{convert|305|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}
| ps_electrical_capacity = 151 [[Megawatt|MW]] {{small|(130 [[Watt-peak#Conversion from DC to AC|MWAC]])}}
| ps_electrical_cap_fac =
| website = {{url|www.welspunenergy.com}}
| extra =
}}
The '''Welspun Solar MP project''' is a 151 [[megawatt]] (MW) [[photovoltaic power station]] located in Bhagwanpura village, just south of [[Diken]], in the Jawad tehsil of [[Neemuch district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], central [[India]].<ref>Welspun Energy Ltd. [http://www.welspunenergy.com/welspunenergy/Businesses_WREL.html 151 (DC) MW Solar Plant, Madhya Pradesh], http://www.welspunenergy.com</ref>

Operational since February 2014, it is one of the [[Solar power in India#Installed capacity: national and state-wise|largest solar power projects]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-06-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Solar power in India#Installed capacity: national and state-wise|reason= The anchor (Installed capacity: national and state-wise) [[Special:Diff/1183930281|has been deleted]].}} in India.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indias-largest-solar-plant-in-mp-modi-calls-it-saffron-revolution/article5729436.ece
|title=India's largest solar plant in MP, Modi calls it 'saffron revolution'
|author=
|date= 26 February 2014
|website= www.thehindu.com
|publisher= The Hindu
|accessdate= 24 August 2014}}</ref> The Welspun Solar MP project was constructed at a cost of 1,100 [[crore]] [[rupees]] (about $182 million) on {{convert|305|ha|acre}} of land. It supplies power at a rate of 8.05 rupees per [[kilowatt-hour|kW·h]] (13,31 cents/kW·h). [[Welspun Energy]] Ltd. (WEL) built the plant through its subsidiary, ''Welspun Solar Madhya Pradesh Private Limited'' (WSMPPL). The project mitigates 216,372 tonnes of carbon emissions annually and power to 624,000 homes.

The average capacity utilization factor of these solar plants is significantly above the CREC's 19% norm.<ref>{{cite web|title=Solar Projects|url=http://www.welspunrenewables.com/business.html|website=Welspun Renewables|accessdate=26 October 2015|archive-date=1 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101115618/http://www.welspunrenewables.com/business.html|url-status=dead}}, http://www.welspunenergy.com</ref> The solar PV modules use [[polycrystalline silicon]] photovoltaic technology, each with a module capacity of a 235 Wp, and are connected to inverters with an output of 630 kWe each. The generated electricity is exported to the regional North-East-West-North East (NEWNE) electricity grid in India, after being stepped up to 132 kV.

The site, situated on a 500-meter-high barren land ridge, receives some of the highest irradiation levels in India, with a measured DNI (Direct Normal Irradiance) of about 2076 kW·h/m2. The expected lifetime of the solar PV power plant is 25 years.{{fact|date=July 2022}}

==See also==
{{stack|{{Portal|Renewable energy}}}}
* [[Solar power in India]]
* [[List of photovoltaic power stations]]
* [[Photovoltaics]]
* [[Renewable energy]]
* [[Solar energy]]

==References==
{{Reflist|1}}

{{Solar power in India}}

[[Category:Photovoltaic power stations in India]]
[[Category:Solar power stations in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Neemuch district]]
[[Category:Welspun Group]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2013]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

JJ Hospital

2025-05-20T06:47:40Z

Kanna chan: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[Grant Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals]]{{r with possibilities}}

[[Category:Hospitals in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1950]]

Mohangarh

2025-05-14T23:37:35Z

Kanna chan: new.

{{short description|Village in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mohangarh
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline = The fort of mohangarh.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Mohangarh Fort
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.99|N|78.67|E|display=inline,title}}
| government_type = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| population_total = 5,812
| population_as_of = 2011
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
}}
'''Mohangarh''' is a town located in [[Tikamgarh District]] of Madhya Pradesh. It is also a Tehsil headquarters.<ref>https://tikamgarh.nic.in/%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b5/</ref>

The Mohangarh town has population of 5812 of which 3123 are males while 2689 are females as per the population census of 2011. In total 1233 families reside here.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sagar Division}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tikamgarh district]]

Hazir Jawab Birbal

2025-05-14T15:30:49Z

Kanna chan: starting data.

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Sitcom]] [[Television drama|Drama]]
| creator =
| writer = Arshad Syed
| director = Amit Damle
| creative_director = Vanshika Sharma
| starring =
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 40<ref>{{cite web|title=Hazir Jawab Birbal|url=http://www.bigmagic.tv/shows.php?id=12|website=Big Magic|accessdate=7 November 2015|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923185107/http://www.bigmagic.tv/shows.php?id=12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| executive_producer = Rahul Sharma
| producer = Nikhil Sinha Sohanna Sinha
| editor = Sanket Parkar
| location =
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = Approx. 23 minutes
| company = Triangle Film Company
| channel = [[BIG Magic]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2015|08|17}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2015|10|15}}
}}

'''''Hazir Jawab Birbal''''' is an Indian [[sitcom]] television series which premiered on 17 August 2015 on [[BIG Magic]] replacing the sitcom ''[[Akbar Birbal]]''. The series is produced by Triangle Films Productions. It stars [[Saurabh Raj Jain]] as [[Emperor Akbar]] and [[Gaurav Khanna]] as [[Birbal]] in the main lead.

==Plot synopsis==
A strong central character, [[Birbal]] acts as an agent of change as identified with today's world, targeting outcomes and transparency in governance issues. He is a strong central character who believes in democratic views and rights. Birbal is also Akbar's biggest ally, critic, friend and philosopher, who encourages and guides him in his decision making.

==Cast==

===Main cast===
* [[Saurabh Raj Jain]] as Emperor [[Akbar]]
* [[Gaurav Khanna]] as [[Birbal]]
* [[Rimpi Das]] as Noor Ji
* Vishavpreet Kaur as [[Maham Anga]]
* [[Shoma Anand]] as Maham Anga
* Vikas Khoker as [[Adham Khan]] (Son of Maham Anga)
* [[Aishwarya Sakhuja]] as Fake Jalpari
* Pawan Singh as Ibne
* Sumit Arora as Batuta
* Yashkant Sharma as Raja Darban
*

===Special appearance===
* [[Anup Soni]]
* [[Aman Verma (actor)|Aman Verma]] as Mohanlal (Episode 40)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.bigmagic.tv/shows.php?id=12 Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923185107/http://www.bigmagic.tv/shows.php?id=12 |date=23 September 2015 }}

{{Big Magic Programmes}}

[[Category:2015 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]
[[Category:Big Magic original programming]]
[[Category:Historical television series]]
[[Category:Television shows based on fairy tales]]
[[Category:Works set in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Akbar]]

1952–1995 Tamil Nadu by-elections

2025-03-13T19:28:46Z

Kanna chan: started a details and citations

{{Short description|State election in India}}
{{moresources|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
Below is a list of by-elections held in [[Tamil Nadu]] from 1952 to 1995.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/Bye-ele-results%2052-95.xls By-election results (1952-1995)]</ref>

== 1993 ==
The by-election took place due to the death of Shri Senapathy.
{{Election box begin | title=Tamil Nadu assembly by-election, 1993: [[Palani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palani]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = Palaniyappa Gounder Kumarasamy
|votes = 278,995
|percentage = 42.4%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = Smt. Subbulaxmi
|votes = 234,070
|percentage = 35.6%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Venugopal
|votes = 130,626
|percentage = 19.8%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 44,925
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 658,145
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== 1985 ==
The by-election took place due to the death of Shri [[K.T. Kosalram]].
{{Election box begin | title=Tamil Nadu assembly by-election, 1985: [[Tiruchendur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruchendur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[R. Dhanuskodi Athithan]]
|votes = 169,710
|percentage = 62.0%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = [[P. Vijayaraghavan]]
|votes = 93,891
|percentage = 34.3%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 75,819
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 273,776
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== 1982 ==
The by-election took place due to the death of Shri C.N. Natarajan.
{{Election box begin | title=Tamil Nadu assembly by-election, 1982: [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = S.T.K. Jakkay
|votes = 252,377
|percentage = 50.1%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = C.N Eramaddrishnan
|votes = 183,117
|percentage = 36.4%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = A.K. Sheik
|votes = 28,869
|percentage = 5.7%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = A. Wahab
|votes = 16,366
|percentage = 3.2%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = M. Pandian
|votes = 10,261
|percentage = 2.0%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 69,260
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 503,651
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== 1980 ==
The by-election took place due to the death of Shri Karunanithi Thazhai.
{{Election box begin | title=Tamil Nadu assembly by-election, 1980: [[Nagapattinam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagapattinam]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = K. Murugaiyan
|votes = 288,000
|percentage = 51.1%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = M. Mahalingam
|votes = 272,059
|percentage = 48.3%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 15,941
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 563,400
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Communist Party of India
|loser = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin | title=Tamil Nadu assembly by-election, 1980: [[Thanjavur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thanjavur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = S. Singravadivel
|votes = 309,868
|percentage = 57.5%
|change = +4.6%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = P. Dharmalingam
|votes = 217,020
|percentage = 40.3%
|change = -3.9%
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 92,848
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 538,725
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
* Note: S. Singravadivel ran as a candidate with Congress (Indira faction).

== 1973 ==
The by-election took place due to the death of Shri [[M.Rajangam]].

{{Election box begin | title=Bye-election, 1973: Dindigul}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|candidate=K. Maya Thevar|votes=2,60,824|percentage=52.0|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress (Organisation)|candidate=V. C. Sitthan|votes=1,19,032|percentage=20.1%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|candidate=Pon Muthu Ramalingam|votes=93,496|percentage=18.5%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Seemaisamy|votes=11,423|percentage=2.2%|change=}}

{{Election box majority|votes=1,41,792|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=6,43,704|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| loser = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tamil Nadu by-elections, 1952-95}}
[[Category:By-elections in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1980 elections in India]]
[[Category:1982 elections in India]]
[[Category:1985 elections in India]]
[[Category:1993 elections in India]]

Kalla, Asansol

2025-03-13T02:31:57Z

Kanna chan: brief correct intro based on references and cleaned formatting

{{other uses|Kalla (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kalla
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood in Asansol
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[West Bengal]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.701889|N|86.996644|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[City]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Asansol]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =

|seat_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
|seat = [[Asansol Municipal Corporation]]
|parts_type = [[Asansol Municipal Corporation|AMC]] ward
|parts_style = 
|parts = Ward No. 15
|p1 =
|p2 = 
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages*
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 713340
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91 341
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Asansol]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Asansol Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Asansol Uttae]]
| website = {{URL|paschimbardhaman.co.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kalla''' is a [[neighbourhood]] in [[Asansol]] of [[Paschim Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is governed by [[Asansol Municipal Corporation]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=370| height=380| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|54|50|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and ECL Areas in the western portion of Asansol Sadar subdivision in Paschim Bardhaman district''' MC: municipal corporation, P: rural administrative centre, CT: census town, N: neighbourhood, OG: out growth, T: temple Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|51|10|N|86|54|5|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Chittaranjan | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Chittaranjan]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|50|1|N|86|54|15|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Hindustan Cables Township| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Rupnarayanpur|Hindustan Cables Township]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|57|12|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Pangachhiya| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Pangachhiya]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|45|25|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Domohani| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Domohani]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|43|54|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Bhanowara| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Bhanowara]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|43|7|N|87|1|3|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Majiara| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Majiara]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|49|22|N|86|59|2|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7=Panuria| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Panuria]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|44|19|N|87|2|0|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Charanpur| numbered8=OG| mark-title8=[[Charanpur]] (OG)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|46|36|N|86|52|35|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Salanpur| numbered9=P| mark-title9=[[Salanpur]] (P) |label-color9=#800000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|45|3|N|87|0|37|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Barabani| numbered10=P| mark-title10=[[Barabani]] (P) |label-color10=#800000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|46|18|N|86|49|42|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Kalyaneshwari|labela11= Temple| numbered11=T| mark-title11=[[Kalyaneshwari Temple]] (T) |label-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|40|N|86|56|53|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12=ECL Salanpur|labela12= Area Office | numbered12=0| mark-title12=[[Salanpur Area|ECL Salanpur Area Office]] |shape-color12=#AA6666| label-size12=11
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|41|48|N|86|51|49|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=ECL Sodepur|labela13= Area Office | numbered13=0| mark-title13=[[Sodepur Area|ECL Sodepur Area Office]]|shape-color13=#AA6666| label-size13=11
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|40|44|N|86|57|9|E}} | label-pos14=right|label-color14=#800000| label14=Asansol | numbered14=MC| mark-title14=[[Asansol]] (MC)|shape-color14=#800000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|39|44|N|86|56|15|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Burnpur | numbered15=N| mark-title15= [[Burnpur]] (N)|shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|43|5|N|86|52|46|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Neamatpur | numbered16=N| mark-title16= [[Neamatpur]] (N)|shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|44|21|N|86|50|13|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Kulti | numbered17=N| mark-title17= [[Kulti]] (N)|shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|41|29|N|86|49|45|E}} | label-pos18=top|label18= Dishergarh | numbered18=N| mark-title18= [[Dishergarh]] (N)|shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|42|6|N|86|59|47|E}} | label-pos19=top|label19= Kalla | numbered19=N| mark-title19= Kalla, Asansol (N)|shape-color19=black| label-size19=13|label-color19=black 
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|47|46|N|86|52|50|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Rupnarayanpur| numbered20=P| mark-title20=[[Rupnarayanpur]] (P) |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|48|50|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Barakar | numbered21=N| mark-title21= [[Barakar]] (N)|shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|43|28|N|86|53|39|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Sitarampur | numbered22=N| mark-title22= [[Sitarampur]] (N)|shape-color22=#C42222
|mark-coord23={{coord|23.6652|86.9162}}| label23= IISCO|labela23= Steel Plant| label-color23 = #C42222 | label-angle23=0| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|23.85591|86.9011}}| label24= Chittaranjan |labela24= Locomotive|labelb24= Works| label-color24 = #C42222 | label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none
|mark-coord25={{coord|23.6774|86.8366}}| label25=Damodar| label-color25 = #77A1CB| label-angle25=10| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25 =none
|mark-coord26={{coord|23.6684|86.8508}}| label26= River| label-color26 = #77A1CB| label-angle26=60| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|23.7076|86.7952}}| label27=Barakar| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=110| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|23.6956|86.7952}}| label28=River| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=58| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|48|12|N|86|48|25|E}} |label29=Maithon Dam|labela29= Reservoir| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=0| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|51|0|N|87|0|11|E}} |label30=Ajay River| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=20| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===Location===
Kalla is located at {{coord|23.701889|N|86.996644|E|}}.

*For language details see [[Salanpur (community development block)#Language and religion]]

===Urbanisation===
In the 2011 census, 83.33% of the population of Asansol Sadar subdivision was urban and 16.67% was rural.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 4 September 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2015, the municipal areas of [[Kulti]], [[Raniganj]] and [[Jamuria]] were included within the jurisdiction of [[Asansol Municipal Corporation]].<ref name=2015notification>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf | title = The Kolkata Gazette | work = Notification No. 335/MA/O/C-4/1M-36/2014 dated 3 June 2015 | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 4 September 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf | archive-date = 12 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Asansol Sadar subdivision has 26 (+1 partly) [[Census Town]]s.(partly presented in the map alongside; all places marked on the map are linked in the full-screen map).

==Transport==
ECL Central Hospital is located on Domohani Road and is near [[National Highway 19 (India)|National Highway 19]].

==Healthcare==
The Central Hospital of [[Eastern Coalfields]] at Kalla functions with 450 beds.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://acceptlive.wordpress.com/2017/07/19/detail-list-of-burdwan-district-government-hospitals-in-west-bengal/ | title = Detail list of Burdwan District Government Hospitals in West Bengal | date = 19 July 2017 | publisher = acceptlive | accessdate = 9 September 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Paschim Bardhaman District}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Asansol]]

Chondi

2025-03-02T01:19:56Z

Kanna chan: created data

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chondi
| other_name = Chaundi
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt = 413304
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.72|N|75.32|E|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ahilyanagar district|Ahilyanagar]]
| subdivision_type3 =
[[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 =
[[Jamkhed taluka|Jamkhed]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Grampanchayat
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 2,668
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 413205
| registration_plate = MH-17
}}

The village '''Chondi''' or '''Chaundi''', the birthplace<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/ahilyabai-holkar-297th-birth-anniversary-interesting-facts-about-the-brave-queen-of-malwa-5275831.html|title=Ahilyabai Holkar 297th Birth Anniversary: Interesting Facts About the Brave Queen of Malwa|publisher=News 18|access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref> of Punyashlok Rajmata [[Ahilyadevi Holkar]], is in [[Jamkhed taluka|Jamkhed]] taluka of district [[Ahilyanagar district|Ahilyanagar]]. The state government of [[Maharashtra]] has decided to develop Chondi as a national memorial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/-/chondi|publisher=official website of Maharashtra Tourism|title=Chondi Village}}</ref>

It is on the Ahilyanagar-Beed State Highway, 78 kilometres from Ahilyanagar.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Ahmednagar district]]

List of Telugu films of 1964

2025-01-21T23:40:05Z

Kanna chan: page updated

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Tollywood films}}
This is a list of films produced by the [[Cinema of Telangana|Tollywood]] film industry based in [[Hyderabad]], India in [[1964 in film|1964]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| ''[[Aathma Balam]]'' || [[V. Madhusudan Rao]] || [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[B. Saroja Devi]], [[Jaggayya]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[V. Nagayya]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[Ramana Reddy]], [[Chadalavada Kutumba Rao|Chadalavada]], [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]], [[P. Kannamba|Kannamba]], [[Tenneti Hemalata|Hemalatha]], [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/50year-to-aatma-balam-movie-completed-95633|title=చిటపట చినుకులు కురిసి 50 ఏళ్లు|website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]]|date=9 January 2014|access-date=1 February 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
|-
| ''[[Amara Shilpi Jakkanna]]'' || [[B. S. Ranga]] || [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[B. Saroja Devi]], [[V. Nagayya]], [[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]], [[Dhulipala Seetarama Sastry|Dhulipala]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[Suryakantam (actress)|Suryakantham]], [[Girija (actress)|Girija]], [[Jayalalithaa]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/amara-shilpi-jakkanna-1964/article19080534.ece|title=Amara Shilpi Jakkanna (1964)|website=The Hindu|date=16 June 2017|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Babruvahana (1964 film)|Babruvahana]]'' || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[S. Varalakshmi]], [[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]], [[Kanta Rao]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[M. Balaiah]], [[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]], [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]], [[C. S. R. Anjaneyulu|C.S.R.]], [[Vangara Venkata Subbaiah|Vangara]], [[Peketi Sivaram]], [[Raja Sulochana]], [[L. Vijayalakshmi]], [[Geetanjali (actress)|Geetanjali]] ||
|-
| ''[[Bangaru Thimmaraju]]'' || [[G.Viswanadham]] || [[Tadepalli Lakshmi Kanta Rao]], [[Ramakrishna (Telugu actor)|Ramakrishna]], [[Rajasree]], [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]]||
|-
| ''[[Bobbili Yuddham]]'' || C. Seetaram || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Bhanumathi Ramakrishna]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]], [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]], [[V. Nagayya]], [[Dhulipala Seetarama Sastry|Dhulipala]], [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]], [[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]], [[M. Balaiah]], [[C. S. R. Anjaneyulu|C. S. R.]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]], [[Geetanjali (actress)|Geetanjali]], [[L. Vijayalakshmi]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/capture-of-a-traitor/article2272717.ece|title=Capture of a traitor|website=The Hindu|date=15 June 2007|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dagudu Moothalu]]''|| [[Adurthi Subba Rao]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[B. Saroja Devi]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[Ramana Reddy]], [[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]], [[Allu Ramalingaiah]], [[Suryakantam (actress)|Suryakantam]], [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/daagudu-moothalu-the-hidden-treasures-unveiled/article7561719.ece|title=Daagudu Moothalu: The ‘hidden’ treasures unveiled|website=The Hindu|date=20 August 2015|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Desa Drohulu]]'' || [[Bolla Subba Rao]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Devika]], [[Kanta Rao]], [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[Ramana Reddy]], [[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]], [[Dhulipala Seetarama Sastry|Dhulipala]], [[Shobhan Babu]], [[Ramakrishna (Telugu actor)|Ramakrishna]], [[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]], [[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]], [[Sowcar Janaki]], [[Girija (actress)|Girija]], [[Geetanjali (actress)|Geetanjali]] ||
|-
| ''[[Doctor Chakravarty]]'' || [[Adurthi Subba Rao]] || [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[Jaggayya]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]], [[Sowcar Janaki]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]], [[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]], [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]], [[Geetanjali (actress)|Geethanjali]], [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/a-masterpiece-that-changed-telugu-movie-landscape|title=A masterpiece that changed Telugu movie landscape|website=Telangana Today|date=12 January 2020|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kalavari Kodalu]]'' || K. Hemambaradhara Rao || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]], [[Ramana Reddy]], [[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]], [[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]], [[M. Prabhakar Reddy|Prabhakar Reddy]], [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]], [[Geetanjali (actress)|Geetanjali]], [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] ||
|-
| ''[[Manchi Manishi]]'' || [[Kotayya Pratyagatma]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[Jaggayya]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]], [[Ramana Reddy]], [[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]], [[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]], [[M. Balaiah]], [[Geetanjali (actress)|Geetanjali]] ||
|-
| ''[[Marmayogi (1964 film)|Marmayogi]]'' || [[B. A. Subba Rao]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]], [[Kanta Rao]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[Chadalavada Kutumba Rao|Chadalavada]], [[Valluri Balakrishna|Balakrishna]] ||
|-
| ''[[Mooga Manasulu]]'' || [[Adurthi Subba Rao]] || [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[Nagabhushanam (actor)|Nagabhushanam]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[B. Padmanabham|Padmanabham]], [[Allu Ramalingaiah]], [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]] ||
|-
| ''[[Murali Krishna (film)|Murali Krishna]]'' || [[P. Pullaiah]] || [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]], [[Ramana Reddy]], [[Allu Ramalingaiah]], [[Peketi Sivaram]], [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]], [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]], [[L. Vijayalakshmi]] ||
|-
| ''[[Pativrata (film)|Pativrata]]''|| [[Chitrapu Narayana Rao]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Pooja Phalam]]'' || [[B. N. Reddy]] || [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[Jaggayya]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[Ramana Reddy]], [[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]], [[Peketi Sivaram]], [[L. Vijayalakshmi]], [[Rajasree]], [[Tenneti Hemalata|Hemalata]] ||
|-
| ''[[Peetala Meeda Pelli]]'' || [[Ghantasala Krishnamurthy]]||[[Jaggayya]], [[Sowcar Janaki|Janaki]], [[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] ||
|-
| ''[[Ramadasu (1964 Film)|Ramadasu]]'' || [[V. Nagayya]] || [[V. Nagayya]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[Ramana Reddy]], [[C. S. R. Anjaneyulu|C.S.R]], [[Mudigonda Lingamurthy]], [[P. Kannamba|Kannamba]], [[Rushyendramani]], [[Tanguturi Suryakumari]], [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Anjali Devi]]||
|-
| ''[[Ramudu Bheemudu]]'' || [[Tapi Chanakya]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]], [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[Ramana Reddy]], [[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]], [[Santha Kumari]], [[Rushyendramani]], [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantam]], [[L. Vijayalakshmi]], [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] ||
|-
| ''[[Sabhash Suri]]'' || [[I. N. Murthy]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]], [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]], [[Ramana Reddy]], [[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]], [[Geetanjali (actress)|Geetanjali]], [[Vasanthi (actress)|Vasanthi]] ||
|-
| ''[[Sri Satyanarayana Mahathyam]]'' || [[S. Rajinikanth]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]], [[Kanta Rao]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[Ramana Reddy]], [[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]], [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]], [[Allu Ramalingaiah]], [[M. Prabhakar Reddy|Prabhakar Reddy]], [[Geetanjali (actress)|Geetanjali]], [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] ||
|-
| ''[[Sri Tirupatamma Katha]]'' || [[B. S. Narayana]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]], [[Ramana Reddy]], [[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]], [[Ramakrishna (Telugu actor)|Ramakrishna]], [[Vangara Venkata Subbaiah|Vangara]], [[Chadalavada Kutumba Rao|Chadalavada]], [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]], [[Chaya Devi]], [[Rajasulochana]] ||
|-
| ''[[Vaarasatwam]]'' || [[Tapi Chanakya]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Anjali Devi]], [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]], [[Allu Ramalingaiah]], [[Peketi Sivaram]], [[Vangara Venkata Subbaiah|Vangara]], [[Girija (actress)|Girija]], [[Radha Kumari]], [[Nirmalamma]] ||
|-
| ''[[Vivaha Bandham]]'' || [[P. S. Ramakrishna Rao]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Bhanumathi Ramakrishna]], [[V. Nagayya]], [[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]], [[M. Balaiah]], [[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]], [[M. Prabhakar Reddy|Prabhakar Reddy]], [[Vangara Venkata Subbaiah|Vangara]], [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]], [[Vasanthi (actress)|Vasanthi]], [[Radha Kumari]] ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.imdb.com/search/title?languages=te|1&sort=year,asc&start=501 Earliest Telugu language films at IMDb.com (401 to 416)]

{{Tollywood|horiz}}
{{1964 films}}
{{Indian film list}}

[[Category:Lists of Telugu films by year|1964]]
[[Category:Lists of 1964 films by language|Telugu]]
[[Category:1964 in Indian cinema|Telugu films]]

2016 Professional Golf Tour of India

2024-12-24T18:48:31Z

Kanna chan: started basic stub more to come

{{short description|Golf tour season}}
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox golf season
| year = 2016
| tour = Professional Golf Tour of India
| regular_season = {{Start date|2016|2|10|df=y}} – {{end date|2016|12|25|df=y}}
| no_of_events = 21
| most_wins = {{flagicon|IND}} [[S. Chikkarangappa]] (3) {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shubhankar Sharma]] (3)
| honor1 = Order of Merit
| honoree1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rashid Khan (golfer)|Rashid Khan]]
| honor2 =
| honoree2 =
| honor3 =
| honoree3 =
| honor4 =
| honoree4 =
| prevseason = [[2015 Professional Golf Tour of India|2015]]
| nextseason = [[2017 Professional Golf Tour of India|2017]]
}}
The '''2016 Professional Golf Tour of India''' was the 10th season of the [[Professional Golf Tour of India]], the main [[professional golf tour]] in India since it was formed in 2006.

==Schedule==
The following table lists official events during the 2016 season.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pgtofindia.com/tournaments/0A |title=2016 Tournament schedule |publisher=Professional Golf Tour of India |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
!Date !! Tournament !! Location !! Purse ([[Indian rupee|₹]]) !! Winner{{efn|The number in brackets after each winner's name is the number of Professional Golf Tour of India events they had won up to and including that tournament.}} !! [[Official World Golf Ranking|OWGR]] points !! Other tours{{efn|ASA − [[Asian Tour]].}}
|-
| 13 Feb || CIAL Cochin Masters || Kerala || align=right|6,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Feroz Ali Mollah]] (2) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 19 Feb || PGTI Players Championship (Eagleton) || Karnataka || align=right|3,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shubhankar Sharma]] (2) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 28 Feb || Golconda Masters || Telangana || align=right|4,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ajeetesh Sandhu]] (2) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 25 Mar || Kolkata Classic || West Bengal || align=right|3,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shubhankar Sharma]] (3) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 2 Apr || BTI Open || Bangladesh || align=right|3,500,000 || {{flagicon|BAN}} [[Siddikur Rahman]] (5) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 8 Apr || Pune Open || Maharashtra || align=right|3,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harendra Gupta]] (5) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 4 Jun || Louis Philippe Cup || Karnataka || align=right|12,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[S. Chikkarangappa]] (9) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 6 Aug || TAKE Solutions Classic || Uttar Pradesh || align=right|5,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rashid Khan (golfer)|Rashid Khan]] (7) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 12 Aug || PGTI Players Championship (Classic) || Haryana || align=right|3,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Khalin Joshi]] (3) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 9 Sep || Eagleburg Masters || Karnataka || align=right|3,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[S. Chikkarangappa]] (10) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 16 Sep || Ahmedabad Masters || Gujarat || align=right|3,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rashid Khan (golfer)|Rashid Khan]] (8) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 7 Oct || PGTI Masters || Haryana || align=right|5,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashok Kumar (golfer)|Ashok Kumar]] (13) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 14 Oct || Chennai Open Golf Championship || Tamil Nadu || align=right|4,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukesh Kumar (golfer)|Mukesh Kumar]] (18) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 22 Oct || TAKE Open Golf Championship || Karnataka || align=right|10,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[S. Chikkarangappa]] (11) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 4 Nov || PGTI Players Championship (Tollygunge) || West Bengal || align=right|3,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karandeep Kochhar]] (1) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 13 Nov || Chief Ministers Meghalaya Open Golf || Meghalaya || align=right|4,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Honey Baisoya]] (1) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 19 Nov || IndianOil Servo Masters Golf || Assam || align=right|3,500,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Honey Baisoya]] (2) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 26 Nov || CG Open || Maharashtra || align=right|10,000,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shamim Khan]] (10) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 4 Dec || [[Panasonic Open India]] || Delhi || align=right|US$400,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukesh Kumar (golfer)|Mukesh Kumar]] (19) || align=center|14 || [[2016 Asian Tour|ASA]]
|-
| 18 Dec || Tata Open || Jharkhand || align=right|7,500,000 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shubhankar Sharma]] (4) || align=center|n/a ||
|-
| 25 Dec || McLeod Russel Tour Championship || West Bengal || align=right|15,000,000 || {{flagicon|THA}} [[Pariya Junhasavasdikul]] (n/a) || align=center|n/a ||
|}

==Order of Merit==
The [[Professional Golf Tour of India#Order of Merit winners|Order of Merit]] was titled as the '''Rolex Rankings''' and was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in [[Indian rupee]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pgtofindia.com/ |title=2016 Rolex Rankings |publisher=Professional Golf Tour of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229102928/http://www.pgtofindia.com/ |archive-date=29 December 2016 |access-date=2 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/rashid-khan-wins-pgti-order-of-merit-in-a-fateful-year-1327538.html |title=Rashid Khan Wins PGTI Order of Merit in a Fateful Year |work=News18 |date=26 December 2016 |access-date=10 October 2023 |quote=Khan slipped one position to second after mixing four birdies with two bogeys yesterday before finishing with a final round of 72 to win the Order of Merit with season's earnings of Rs 44,79,880.}}</ref>

{|class=wikitable
! Position !! Player !! Prize money ([[Indian rupee|₹]])
|-
| align=center|1 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rashid Khan (golfer)|Rashid Khan]] || align=center|4,479,880
|-
| align=center|2 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shamim Khan]] || align=center|4,116,458
|-
| align=center|3 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shubhankar Sharma]] || align=center|3,921,598
|-
| align=center|4 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Khalin Joshi]] || align=center|3,578,965
|-
| align=center|5 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Honey Baisoya]] || align=center|2,733,720
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official site|https://www.pgtofindia.com/}}

{{PGTI seasons}}

[[Category:Professional Golf Tour of India seasons]]
[[Category:2016 in golf|India, Professional Golf Tour of]]
[[Category:2016 in Indian sport|Professional Golf Tour of India]]