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<div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{About|the assembly constituency in West Bengal, India|1 its namesake census town|Itahar, Uttar Dinajpur|2 its namesake community development block|Itahar}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Itahar<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Itahar.map}}<br />
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Itahar Assembly Constituency<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| mla = [[Mosaraf Hussen]]<br />
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]<br />
| alliance = <br />
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
| state = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| district = [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]]<br />
| constituency_no = 36<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| electors = 229,362<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| abolished = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Itahar Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Uttar Dinajpur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 36 Itahar Assembly constituency covers [[Itahar (Community development block)|Itahar]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]].<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 2009-08-29 | publisher = Government of West Bengal}}</ref><br />
<br />
Itahar Assembly constituency is part of No. 6 [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/> It was earlier part of [[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)]]<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Name<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]<br />
|Banamali Das<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|Basanta Lal Chatterjee<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
|rowspan="7"|Dr. Zainal Abedin<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Congress (Socialist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br />
|Swadesh Chaki<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
|Dr. Zainal Abedin<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[Srikumar Mukherjee]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|Amal Acharjee<br />
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
|Mosaraf Hussen<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
<br />
===2026===<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Itahar}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Mosaraf Hussen]]<br />
|party = Trinamool Congress<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Sabita Barman<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Utpal Das<br />
|party = Communist Party of India<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Amal Acharya<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|party = None of the above (India)<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = <br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2021===<br />
In the 2021 elections, [[Mosaraf Hussen]] of [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] defeated his nearest rival Amit Kumar Kundu of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]].<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2021]]: Itahar constituency}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Mosaraf Hussen]]<br />
|votes = 114,645<br />
|percentage = 59.10<br />
|change = +6.84<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Amit Kumar Kundu|votes=70,670|percentage=36.43|change=+32.22}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=[[Srikumar Mukherjee]]|votes=4,908|percentage=2.53|change=-38.44}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=1,240|percentage=0.64|change=-0.39}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Mojammel Haque<br />
|votes = 1,024<br />
|percentage = 0.53<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen|candidate=Mofakkerul Islam|votes=831|percentage=0.43|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Firoj Alam<br />
|votes = 346<br />
|percentage = 0.18<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Tufan Barman<br />
|votes = 189<br />
|percentage = 0.10<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Dilip Kumar Barman<br />
|votes = 133<br />
|percentage = 0.07<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=193,986|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2016===<br />
In the 2016 elections, [[Amal Acharjee]] of [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] defeated his nearest rival [[Srikumar Mukherjee]] of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]].<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Itahar constituency}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Amal Acharjee]]<br />
|votes = 88,507<br />
|percentage = 52.26<br />
|change = +8.31<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Communist Party of India<br />
|candidate = [[Srikumar Mukherjee]]<br />
|votes = 69,387<br />
|percentage = 40.97<br />
|change = +2.40<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Yunish Hoque<br />
|votes = 7,126<br />
|percentage = 4.21<br />
|change = +2.22<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above]]<br />
|votes = 1,743<br />
|percentage = 1.03<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Jharkhand Disom Party<br />
|candidate = Hopna Murmu<br />
|votes = 1,576<br />
|percentage = 0.93<br />
|change = +0.30<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Jainal Abedin<br />
|votes = 1,008<br />
|percentage = 0.60<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = 169,347<br />
|percentage = 83.74<br />
|change = -1.81<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2011===<br />
In the 2011 elections, [[Amal Acharjee]] of [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] defeated his nearest rival [[Srikumar Mukherjee]] of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]].<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Itahar constituency<ref name="vidhansabha2011">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=36| title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011| work = Itahar| publisher = Empowering India| access-date = 21 April 2011| archive-date = 16 June 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130616105243/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=36| url-status = usurped}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Amal Acharjee]]<br />
|votes = 61,707<br />
|percentage = 43.95<br />
|change = +31.98<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Communist Party of India<br />
|candidate = [[Srikumar Mukherjee]]<br />
|votes = 54,655<br />
|percentage = 38.93<br />
|change = -5.02<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Md. Rakbul Boksh<br />
|votes = 16,803<br />
|percentage = 11.97<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Suman Kumar Acharjee<br />
|votes = 2,794<br />
|percentage = 1.99<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Manik Chandra Sarkar<br />
|votes = 2,222<br />
|percentage = 1.58<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Jharkhand Disom Party<br />
|candidate = Hopna Murmu<br />
|votes = 889<br />
|percentage = 0.63<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian People's Forward Bloc<br />
|candidate = Abdur Razaqque<br />
|votes = 679<br />
|percentage = 0.48<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation<br />
|candidate = Suleman Hafiji<br />
|votes = 653<br />
|percentage = 0.47<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = 140,402<br />
|percentage = 85.55<br />
|change = +0.03<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|loser = Communist Party of India<br />
|swing = -1.93#<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<small>.# Swing calculated on Trinamool+Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.</small><br />
<br />
<small>.# Md. Rakbul Boksh, contesting as an independent candidate, was a rebel Trinamool Congress candidate, he was suspended from the party.</small><br />
<br />
===2006===<br />
In the 2006 election, Srikumar Mukherjee of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] defeated Amal Acharjee of [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2006]]: Itahar constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=36| title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2006| work = Itahar| publisher = Empowering India| access-date = 20 April 2006| archive-date = 16 June 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130616105243/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=36| url-status = usurped}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Communist Party of India<br />
|candidate = [[Srikumar Mukherjee]]<br />
|votes = 66,768<br />
|percentage = 43.95<br />
|change = -6.17#<br />
}} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Amal Acharjee<br />
|votes = 66,028<br />
|percentage = 38.93<br />
|change = -8.19<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = Dr. Zainal Abedin<br />
|votes = 6,581<br />
|percentage = 11.97<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Lok Janshakti Party<br />
|candidate = Jayanta Sarkar<br />
|votes = 1,999<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation<br />
|candidate = Suleman Hafiji<br />
|votes = 1,370<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Jharkhand Disom Party<br />
|candidate = Ujjwal Kumar Ray<br />
|votes = 1151<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Republican Party of India<br />
|candidate = Shovan Lal Mitra<br />
|votes = 660<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = 140,402<br />
|percentage = 85.58<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Communist Party of India<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = 1.98#<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<small>.# Swing calculated on Trinamool+BJP vote percentages taken together in 2006.</small><br />
<br />
===1977–2006===<br />
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]], 2001 and 1996 state assembly elections [[Srikumar Mukherjee]] of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won the 36 Itahar assembly seat defeating his nearest rivals Amal Acharjee of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 2006,<ref name="vidhansabha2006">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission}}</ref> Dr. Zainal Abedin of [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] in 2001<ref name="vidhansabha2001">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission}}</ref> and Dr. Zainal Abedin representing Congress in 1996.<ref name="vidhansabha1996">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Dr. Zainal Abedin of Congress defeated Swadesh Chaki of CPI in 1991.<ref name="vidhansabha1991">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> Swadesh Chaki of CPI defeated Dr. Zainal Abedin of Congress in 1987.<ref name="vidhansabha1987">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> Dr. Zainal Abedin of [[Indian National Congress (Socialist)|ICS]]/Congress defeated Basanta Lal Chatterjee of CPI in 1982<ref name="vidhansabha1982">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> and Salil Kumar Guha of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] in 1977.<ref name="vidhansabha1977">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp34.htm | title = 34 - Itahar Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 29 August 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
===1951–1972===<br />
Dr. Zainal Abedin of Congress won in 1972,<ref name="vidhansabha1972">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission}}</ref> 1971,<ref name="vidhansabha1971">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission}}</ref> 1969,<ref name="vidhansabha1969">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission}}</ref> 1967<ref name="vidhansabha1967">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission}}</ref> and [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name="vidhansabha1962">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> Basanta Lal Chatterjee of CPI won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> Banamali Das of Congress won in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|1951]].<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Uttar Dinajpur topics}}<br />
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
{{West Bengal elections}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Dinajpur district]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kasba_Peth&diff=508784Kasba Peth2026-05-04T18:32:56Z<p>KandacePolding: Started new article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{about||the locality in Pune|Kasba Peth, Pune}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{confusing|date=June 2013}}<br />
{{Unreferenced|date=May 2026}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
<br />
'''Kasba Peth''' in the Marathi language, is mostly used in Maharashtra. Its general key term is for "locality" in English. This term is currently used in Indian cities, for example cities like [[Pune]], [[Solapur]], [[Madhavnagar]], [[Karad]], [[Ahmednagar]], etc.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Geography of Maharashtra]]<br />
<br />
{{Pune-geo-stub}}</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sahasam_(2013_film)&diff=531823Sahasam (2013 film)2026-05-02T15:08:32Z<p>KandacePolding: new</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use British English|date=January 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Sahasam<br />
| image = Sahasam poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Chandra Sekhar Yeleti]]<br />
| producer = [[B. V. S. N. Prasad]]<br />
| writer = Chandra Sekhar Yeleti<br />
| starring = [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]]<br />[[Taapsee Pannu]]<br />[[Shakti Kapoor]]<br />[[Paru Gambhir]]<br />[[Ali (actor)|Ali]]<br />
| music = [[Sri Kommineni]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Shamdat|Shamdat Sainudeen]]<br />
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]<br />Chandra Shekar G. V.<br />
| studio = [[Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra]]<br />
| distributor = BlueSky Cinemas<small> (overseas) </small><ref name =" Overseas by BlueSky "/><br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|7|12|India|ref1=<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.supergoodmovies.com/57315/tollywood/sahasam-acquires-u-a-certificate-news-details | title= Sahasam acquires U/A certificate | publisher= supergoodmovies.com | date= 3 July 2013 | accessdate= 3 July 2013 | archive-date= 6 July 2013 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130706070143/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/57315/tollywood/sahasam-acquires-u-a-certificate-news-details | url-status= usurped }}</ref>}}<br />
| runtime = 160 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = {{INR|link=yes}}30 crores<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/sahasam-30crores.html | title= 36 crores Sahasam | publisher= [[idlebrain.com]] | date= 11 June 2013 | accessdate= 12 June 2013 | archive-date= 15 June 2013 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130615005135/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/sahasam-30crores.html | url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.123telugu.com/mnews/big-bet-placed-on-sahasam.html|title= Big bet placed on Sahasam|publisher= 123telugu.com|accessdate= 12 June 2013|archive-date= 15 June 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130615222432/http://www.123telugu.com/mnews/big-bet-placed-on-sahasam.html|url-status= live}}</ref><br />
| gross = {{Estimation}}{{INR}} ₹13.5 crores [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributors' share]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2013 |title=Gopichand's Saahasam Total collections |url=http://andhraboxoffice.com/info.aspx?id=445&cid=6&fid=624 |access-date=15 August 2025 |website=Andhraboxoffice |language=en}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Sahasam''''' ({{Translation|Courage}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action-adventure film]] directed by [[Chandra Sekhar Yeleti]] and produced by [[B. V. S. N. Prasad]] under [[Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra]]. The film stars [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]] and [[Taapsee Pannu]] while [[Shakti Kapoor]], [[Paru Gambhir]], and [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] play supporting roles. The film was mostly shot in [[Ladakh]] and [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://timesofap.com/cinema/gopichand-tapsee-s-jackpot-movie-reaches-climax_50709.html|title= Gopichand Tapsee-s Jackpot Movie Reaches Climax|publisher= timesofap.com|accessdate= 17 December 2012|archive-date= 22 February 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180536/http://timesofap.com/cinema/gopichand-tapsee-s-jackpot-movie-reaches-climax_50709.html|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.123telugu.com/mnews/gopichand-chandrasekhar-yeleti-films-climax-shoot-in-hyderabad.html|title= Gopichand Chandrasekhar Yeleti film"s Climax Shoot in Hyderabad|publisher= 123telugu.com|accessdate= 17 December 2012|archive-date= 1 January 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130101053741/http://www.123telugu.com/mnews/gopichand-chandrasekhar-yeleti-films-climax-shoot-in-hyderabad.html|url-status= live}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film was released on 12 July 2013 and received positive reviews from critics. It was a successful venture for its producers but a small loss venture for its distributors, collecting a [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributor's share]] of ₹13.5 crore at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reporter|first=IBTimes Staff|date=2013-07-13|title='Sahasam' Review Roundup: Worth a Watch|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/039sahasam039-review-roundup-worth-a-watch-489825|access-date=2021-02-14|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en|archive-date=8 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208130116/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/039sahasam039-review-roundup-worth-a-watch-489825|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gopichand's Sahasam gets good response - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/gopichands-sahasam-gets-good-response/articleshow/21118084.cms|access-date=2021-02-14|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The film was also dubbed later in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Hindi]] as ''Santharppavaathi'' and ''The Real Jackpot''. Over time, the film gained a [[cult following]] for its unique narrative, technical finesse and cast performance.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
{{Long plot|date=January 2023}}<br />
'''2003''': A [[Pakistani]] archaeologist, Dr. M. Alam Siddiqui, after seeking permission from the [[Government of Pakistan]], starts researching the hidden treasure of [[Kanishka|King Kanishka]], whose treasure map is hidden in an old box whose key is a [[Garuda]] [[locket]], which was last seen in the research books of David, a British archaeologist. His team, led by Siddiqui and Dilawar, tries hard to search for the key as they find the box in an old market in Pakistan. Fate takes a reverse turn as a dreaded terrorist named Sultan, along with his men visit the archaeology department. Sultan coerces Siddiqui, takes the box away from him, and makes all the people his slaves until Siddiqui finds the treasure and hands over it over to Sultan.<br />
<br />
'''2013''': In [[Hyderabad]], Gautham Kumar Varma is a brave, money-greedy security guard who wants to make easy money and settle in life. His motto is that he would not take even a crore if it is not his, but would never let go of even a penny if it is his. Gautham spends his time testing his fortune by buying lottery tickets and using gadgets that bring luck, but sadly, both end up giving him nothing. His friends, who are four kids, live with him in the slum colony. Once they ask him to show a 1000 rupee note out of curiosity, to which Gautham agrees. The next day, the [[Automated teller machine|ATM]]'s cash cartridge is being refilled, and Gautham requests the officials to show a 1000 rupee note to the kids. They accept and show a note.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, a gang of thieves comes and robs the ATM. Gautham catches the criminals and hands over the money, but since the [[CCTV]] footage shows that Gautham's request was the reason for it, he is posted to a dumping yard, where he works for nearly 12 hours. The night when Gautham returns from his duty, heavy rain drenches the colony, and the roof in his room falls. From the roof, he finds a diary, an old empty bag on which "Pushkalavathi Jewelers, [[Peshawar]]" is printed, a Garuda locket, two magnifying lenses, and a small stone with a design. He opens the diary and starts reading, which is narrated by his grandfather Satyanarayana Varma. On the day of India-Pakistan partition, activists were attacking rich men and robbing them.<br />
<br />
After finding no resort to hiding, Satyanarayana Varma packs all his jewelry and diamonds and rushes out to a cave, which is rumored to be a king's escape runway. After reaching the spot, he rests at a place, keeping his bag on the door of an inlet. A bag with diamonds falls into one of the birds attached, thus opening the inlet and the bags entering the inner space. He tries hard to get it back, but removes the bird from there and falls into an abyss. However, he survived. There was a promissory note that 900 Diamonds of his would-be inherited by his grandson. Gautham sets out to Pakistan with the help of Sreenidhi, an ardent Hindu devotee who wishes to visit the [[Hinglaj Mata]] temple in Pakistan.<br />
<br />
There, Gautham and Sreenidhi, along with Indian security contractor Khayamat Raju, reach the Hinglaj Mata Temple. There, Gautham finds his grandfather's name on a slab, and two dwellers inform him that archaeologists searched for this person. He goes to the archaeology department, where Thilavar is now in charge after the brutal murder of Siddiqui, shows the empty bag to them, and finds that the address would be in Peshawar. Meanwhile, Gautham sees the Garuda locket sketch on the research papers and shows the locket to them. Thilavar offers him money, gold, and many things in return for this locket as per Sultan's orders, but Gautham neither accepts taking any one nor all of them nor accepts giving away the locket, contrary to his motto. He escapes from them and, along with Sreenidhi and Khayamat Raju, goes away to a safe place.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, Sreenidhi is made prey to a [[Buzkashi]] game with a rule that the one who parks her in the goal would marry her. A masked Gautham joins them, and after stiff competition, he wins the match by parking her, thus making her fall for him. They move to Peshawar to a local hospital, where they join Khayamat Raju with fake injuries and rest there that night. The next morning, Gautham starts searching in the streets of Peshawar Markets for his grandfather's address, only to be kidnapped by terrorists. Then he is brought before Sultan, who asks Gautham to submit the Garuda locket, to which he responds, saying that he would not give it to Sultan or anyone as it is his. They torture him, trash him, and injure him severely, only to make him much more determined not to give it to Sultan.<br />
<br />
Sultan orders Thilavar and his men to take him away to Peshawar and kill him. In transit, Gautham kills most of them, leaving Thilavar and three others, and escaping to Peshawar in a bus. He reaches the hospital, where he learns from Khayamat Raju that a girl kidnapped Sreenidhi and gave her an address to meet her. He goes to the address and frees Sreenidhi. He then ties up the kidnapper with a rope, only to know that she is Siddiqui's daughter Zara, whose ambition is to hand over the treasure of Kanishka to the Pakistan Government as per her father's wish. Now, Gautham, Zara, and Sreenidhi learn that the box containing the map is in Sultan's house, where Gautham goes along with Zara. There, Gautham breaks the power supply, kills a [[Jihadi]], wears his dress, and finds the box.<br />
<br />
However, the power is on now, and Thilavar takes Gautham to the living room, where Sultan and his men are waiting. They dress him with a bomb with a piston to activate it. They remove his mask and find out that it was Gautham, only to be threatened by him to leave him or else all would be destroyed along with the box. He reaches out, ties the piston with a wire, carefully removes the bomb from his back with the help of Zara, and both escape from there with the box. They use the Garuda locket and take the map, which indicates a place near Hinglaj Mata Temple. The trio reaches there, and according to the map, there were five wheels to be arranged in a particular order. After arranging them correctly, the water in the well goes down through a spiral staircase, leading to a huge old door.<br />
<br />
Sultan arrives at the spot, and to save themselves, Gautham throws the map into the abyss, thus making the trio the only source to reach the place. Gautham removes a metal flower from one of the wheels, and all go into the door, with some of them dying to fall into the abyss. They reach an old bridge which starts breaking while all are in a midway. The bridge breaks into nearly two parts, one on which the terrorists are, one on which Gautham is, and the last on which Zara, Sreenidhi, and Sultan are. To sustain on the bridge, Sultan kicks Zara into the abyss with the flow of water, and she is pronounced dead. Gautham connects the two bridges with the help of a rope, and all of them, including Sreenidhi and Sultan, enter the next phase. The next phase is the way to the inlet where the bird used to be.<br />
<br />
Using two metal flower arrangements, a way is made due to the movements of levers and wheels, and all go to the inlet. Gautham keeps the bird there, and a circular door with a small hole appears. The metal flower of the previous wheel is arranged there as a key, and all of the people enter the next phase: walking through a deep tunnel behind the circular door. They enter another room with a drum surrounded by nearly hundreds of metal chains, surrounded in a circular curtain with sharp metal weapons, and they start rotating around as they are sound-sensitive. Gautham, after severe struggles, enters the middle chain and removes the trident lock, making a metal ball fall on the drum. Due to opposite vibrations, the chains restore their position. They enter the last phase by a circular staircase.<br />
<br />
Gautham, Sreenidhi, Sultan, Thilavar, and some terrorists enter a room. The tiles are arranged with a [[land mine]] system where some creatures are painted. If one stood in the wrong place, then they would be killed by the sharp arrows projected from the mouths of sculptures on both walls. Gautham arranges the trident on a platform, due to which the land mine system is deactivated, and the mouths of the sculptures are sealed by metal plates. Everyone goes toward the room, and a fight starts between the terrorists and Gautham. While most of the terrorists die, one accidentally kicks the trident, once again reverting the changes. Thilavar and Gautham are on the sculptures, and at the right time, Gautham attacks Thilavar with war equipment, thus deterring him from the place and resulting in his death due to the arrows.<br />
<br />
Gautham then risks reaching Sultan, who threatens to kill Sreenidhi and attacks him. By the time Sultan raises a sword at Gautham, Zara shoots Sultan with a gun and rearranges the trident. She tells later that she fell into a place where there were no rocks and reached the other shore of the flow and reached the chamber through another stairway. The trio rejoices as they see the treasure in front of them. Gautham becomes the proud owner of 900 diamonds of his grandfather, and Zara fulfills Siddiqui's last wish by handing over the entire wealth to the Pakistan Government after Gautham refuses to take any single coin of it as it belongs not to him, but the Government of Pakistan.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]] as Gautham Kumar Varma, a brave and poor security guard in India who wants to retrieve the lost diamonds of his grandfather in Pakistan.<br />
* [[Taapsee Pannu]] as Sreenidhi, an ardent devotee who is determined to visit the shrine of [[Hinglaj Mata]] in [[Hinglaj]], Pakistan.<br />
* [[Shakti Kapoor]] as Sultan, a terrorist in Pakistan who tries to find the lost treasure of the [[Kanishka|King Kanishka]].<br />
* [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as Satyanarayana Varma, Goutham's grandfather who was a rich diamond merchant in [[Peshawar]], Pakistan.<br />
* [[Paru Gambhir]] as Zara, Siddiqui's daughter who kills Sultan and hands over the entire wealth to the Pakistan Government.<br />
* [[Raj Singh Arora]] as Dilawar, an archaeologist who works for the Pakistan Government but later becomes the informer of Sultan.<br />
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Khayamat Raju, an Indian security contractor in Pakistan hired by Sreenidhi's father as her protection.<br />
* [[Vasu Inturi]] as Goutham's friend<br />
* [[Surya (Telugu Actor)|Surya]] as Sreenidhi's father<br />
* Narayana Murthy as Narendra Varma, Goutham's father<br />
* [[Sandhya Janak]] as Sreenidhi's mother<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
The film marks the second collaboration of Gopichand and Yeleti after ''[[Okkadunnadu]]''. [[Taapsee Pannu]] is cast in a lead role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gopi Chand's jackpot|url=http://www.supergoodmovies.com/50383/tollywood/gopichand-s-jackpot-news-details|accessdate=15 October 2012|publisher=supergoodmovies.com|archive-date=16 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016211748/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/50383/tollywood/gopichand-s-jackpot-news-details|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gopichands New Movie Titled as Jackpot|url=http://timesofap.com/cinema/gopichands-new-movie-titled-as-jackpot/|accessdate=15 October 2012|publisher=timesofap.com|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130640/http://timesofap.com/cinema/gopichands-new-movie-titled-as-jackpot/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was known under the [[working title]] ''Jackpot'' but was later renamed as ''Sahasam''.<ref>{{cite web|date=11 March 2013|title=Telugu film 'Jackpot' directed by Chandrashekhar is now titled 'Sahasam'|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-film-jackpot-directed-by-chandrashekhar-is-now-titled--sahasam/378102-71-216.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315121548/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-film-jackpot-directed-by-chandrashekhar-is-now-titled--sahasam/378102-71-216.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 March 2013|accessdate=12 April 2013|publisher=ibnlive.in.com}}</ref> The film's first look was released on the eve of [[Ugadi]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|date=11 April 2013|title=Sahasam in May end|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/gopichand-sahasam.html|accessdate=12 April 2013|publisher=[[idlebrain.com]]|archive-date=14 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414061140/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/gopichand-sahasam.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Sahasam<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Sri Kommineni|Sri]]<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 2 June 2013<br />
| recorded = 2013<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 22:33<br />
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
| producer = [[Sri Kommineni|Sri]]<br />
| prev_title = [[Kaasi (2004 film)|Kaasi]]<br />
| prev_year = 2004<br />
| next_title = [[Aadu Magaadra Bujji]]<br />
| next_year = 2013<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The music composed by [[Sri Kommineni|Sri]], and lyrics were penned by [[Anantha Sreeram]]. The audio rights were secured by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] for {{INR}} 2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://telugu.way2movies.com/newssingle_telugu/Sahasam-audio-by-T-Series-4-339947.html|title=Sahasam audio by T Series|publisher=way2movies.com|accessdate=4 June 2013<!-- 11:48 AM IST-->|archive-date=8 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608082252/http://telugu.way2movies.com/newssingle_telugu/Sahasam-audio-by-T-Series-4-339947.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The audio was launched on 2 June 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/telugu/sahasam-audio-launch-on-june-2/71480/story.htm|title=Sahasam audio launch on June 2|publisher=nowrunning.com|accessdate=29 May 2013|archive-date=21 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221080648/http://www.nowrunning.com/telugu/sahasam-audio-launch-on-june-2/71480/story.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| collapsed =<br />
| headline = Track list<br />
| extra_column = Artist(s)<br />
| total_length = 22:33<br />
| writing_credits = <br />
| lyrics_credits = <br />
| music_credits =<br />
<br />
| title1 = Dola Dola (Version 1)<br />
| extra1 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Sharmila<br />
| length1 = 04:44<br />
<br />
| title2 = O Kanu Paapaa<br />
| extra2 = [[N. C. Karunya|Karunya]]<br />
| length2 = 05:22<br />
<br />
| title3 = Nenu Nenugaa<br />
| extra3 = Ranjith, [[Priya Himesh]]<br />
| length3 = 05:11<br />
<br />
| title4 = Sahasam<br />
| extra4 = [[Devan Ekambaram]]<br />
| length4 = 02:07<br />
<br />
| title5 = Dola Dola (Version 2)<br />
| extra5 = Ranjith, [[Geetha Madhuri]]<br />
| length5 = 05:07<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Reception===<br />
The Times of India wrote, "In a time where the beat comes over everything else in Telugu cinema music, the album of ''Sahasam'' will come as a surprise. This album is all about rhythm and melody and the lyrics are all in Telugu as well. The music director Sri has given a very classic feel to the whole record" and rated the album 3/5.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/music-reviews/Sahasam/articleshow/20696869.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713025705/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-21/music-reviews/40118517_1_bpm-telugu-ilayaraja|url-status=live|archive-date=13 July 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Sahasam Music Review|access-date=21 June 2013<!-- 12:00 AM IST-->}}</ref> Cinecorn.com wrote, "Sri delivers and delivers well even after such a long gap. Wish he composed more often" and rated the album 3.25/5.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinecorn.com/telugu/reviews/telugu-audio-reviews/sahasam-music-review.html|title=Sahasam Music Review|publisher=Cinecorn.com|accessdate=18 June 2013|archive-date=20 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620105807/http://www.cinecorn.com/telugu/reviews/telugu-audio-reviews/sahasam-music-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Musicperk.com wrote ''Sahasam'' is not really a commercial album but it definitely suits the film's genre. It has got the potential to go on to become a chartbuster, but the usual veteran composition might not work out in the modern-day music. Few listens may definitely pop you out of the mood" and rated it 6/10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicperk.com/sahasam/|title=Music Review : Sahasam|publisher=Musicperk.com|accessdate=12 June 2013|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222034152/http://www.musicperk.com/sahasam/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
The film released worldwide on 12 July 2013, after being postponed several times, by Bluesky Cinemas to the entire Overseas<ref name =" Overseas by BlueSky ">{{cite web | url= http://www.123telugu.com/mnews/press-note-sahasam-overseas-by-bluesky.html | title= Sahasam Overseas by BlueSky | publisher= 123telugu.com | accessdate= 11 May 2013 | archive-date= 10 June 2013 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130610150122/http://www.123telugu.com/mnews/press-note-sahasam-overseas-by-bluesky.html | url-status= live }}</ref> and Reliance Entertainment in India,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.supergoodmovies.com/57173/tollywood/sahasam-pushes-to-july-12th-news-details |title= Sahasam pushes to July 12th |publisher= supergoodmovies.com |date= 26 June 2013 |accessdate= 27 June 2013 |archive-date= 29 June 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130629001836/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/57173/tollywood/sahasam-pushes-to-july-12th-news-details |url-status= usurped }}</ref> with a U/A Certificate from [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.123telugu.com/mnews/sahasam-gets-a-ua.html | title= Sahasam gets a U/A | publisher= 123telugu.com | accessdate= 3 July 2013 | archive-date= 5 July 2013 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130705013934/http://www.123telugu.com/mnews/sahasam-gets-a-ua.html | url-status= live }}</ref> The film received positive reviews from the critics from the day of release<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/489825/20130713/sahasam-review-roundup-gopichand-critics-taapsee-shakti.htm|title='Sahasam' Review Roundup: Worth a Watch|publisher=IBTimes|accessdate=13 July 2013<!-- 08:04 AM IST-->|archive-date=16 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716200754/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/489825/20130713/sahasam-review-roundup-gopichand-critics-taapsee-shakti.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and was declared as a Super Hit at the box office as well as in Gopichand's career.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/sahasam-biiggesthit.html|title= Sahasam - Biggest hit in Gopichand's career|publisher= [[idlebrain.com]]|date= 15 July 2013|accessdate= 15 July 2013|archive-date= 18 July 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130718095431/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/sahasam-biiggesthit.html|url-status= live}}</ref> The film was later dubbed and released in Hindi as ''The Real Jackpot'' in 2014.<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
''[[The Times of India]]'' gave a review stating "Chandrasekhar Yeleti needs to be applauded for his tryst of an adventurous film – something that's unique in Telugu films."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Sahasam-Telugu-movie-review-highlights/articleshow/21033007.cms|title=Sahasam Telugu movie review highlights|work=The Times of India|accessdate=12 July 2013<!-- 11:20 AM IST-->|archive-date=12 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712064055/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Sahasam-Telugu-movie-review-highlights/articleshow/21033007.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ''I[[Idlebrain.com|dlebrain.com]]'' gave a review of rating 4/5 stating "I am giving it a rating of 4 for the guts of producers who came forward to make a different film and for the conviction of director to stick to the core subject and for not deviating from it for the sake of commercial elements"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/sahasam.html|title=Sahasam review highlights|publisher=[[idlebrain.com]]|accessdate=12 July 2013|archive-date=15 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715042458/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/sahasam.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''123telugu.com'' gave a review of rating 3.25/5. stating "''Sahasam'' is not your average Telugu cinema. The plot, the setting and the execution are very fresh and novel. You can safely watch ''Sahasam'' for some desi ''Indiana Jones'' moments."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123telugu.com/reviews/sahasam-technically-superior-adventure-flick.html|title=Review: Sahasam – Technically superior adventure flick|publisher=123telugu.com|accessdate=11 July 2013|archive-date=14 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714042914/http://www.123telugu.com/reviews/sahasam-technically-superior-adventure-flick.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
''[[Oneindia]]'' gave a review of rating 3/5 stating "''Sahasam'' is a unique entertainer in Telugu, which is a right blend of brilliant performances and rich production values. The movie will impress all classes of audiences except glamour and comedy lovers. Watch the movie for its technical brilliance."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/reviews/2013/sahasam-movie-review-114278.html|title=Sahasam - Movie Review: An action extravaganza|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|access-date=12 July 2013<!-- 12:44 IST-->|archive-date=14 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714031123/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/telugu/reviews/2013/sahasam-movie-review-114278.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''APHerald.com'' gave a review of rating 3/5 stating "Firstly we must appreciate director Chandra Sekhar Yeleti and Gopi bringing an adventurous film to Telugu audience after a long time. And should applaud for trying a non-commercial film beveling in the content during the time where commercial films ruling the industry. If you go without any expectation, ''Sahasam'' will surprise you and impressive without the doubt."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apherald.com/Movies/Reviews/26730/Sahasam-Movie-Review-Rating/|title=Sahasam Movie Review, Rating|publisher=APHerald.com|accessdate=12 July 2013|archive-date=14 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714030344/http://www.apherald.com/Movies/Reviews/26730/Sahasam-Movie-Review-Rating/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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''SuperGoodMovies'' gave a review of rating 5/5 stating "Gopichand’s ''Sahasam'' is a beautiful movie. Everyone must watch this movie. This is definitely a worthy watch for this rainy weekend."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.supergoodmovies.com/57495/tollywood/sahasam-movie-review-movie-review-details|title=Sahasam Movie Review|publisher=SuperGoodMovies|accessdate=12 July 2013|archive-date=14 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714061012/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/57495/tollywood/sahasam-movie-review-movie-review-details|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|id= tt2905768}}<br />
<br />
{{Chandra Sekhar Yeleti}}{{Radha Krishna Kumar}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2013 action adventure films]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in 2003]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in 2013]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in the partition of India]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Peshawar]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Ladakh]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action adventure films]]<br />
[[Category:Reliance Entertainment films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Chandra Sekhar Yeleti]]<br />
[[Category:Films about treasure hunting]]<br />
[[Category:Films about archaeology]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Habibur_Rahman_Usmani&diff=501787Habibur Rahman Usmani2026-04-24T21:13:09Z<p>KandacePolding: Started data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|British Indian Islamic scholar (d. 1929)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Habibur Rahman Usmani<br />
| image =<br />
| honorific_prefix = Fakhr-ul-Hind, Mawlana<br />
| office1 = [[List of Vice Chancellors of Darul Uloom Deoband|9th Vice Chancellor of Darul Uloom Deoband]]<br />
| term_start1 = 1928<br />
| term_end1 = 5 December 1929<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]]<br />
| successor1 = [[Qari Muhammad Tayyib]]<br />
| office2 = Deputy VC of Darul Uloom Deoband<br />
| term_start2 = 1907<br />
| term_end2 = 1925<br />
| successor2 = Qari Muhammad Tayyib<br />
| office3 = [[Grand Mufti]] of [[Hyderabad State]]<br />
| term_start3 = December 1925<br />
| term_end3 = September 1926<br />
| module = {{Infobox religious biography|embed = yes|religion=Islam<br />
|birth_date = 1277 AH (1860/1861 AD)<br />
|birth_place = [[Deoband]], Saharanpur district, [[North-Western Provinces]], British India<br />
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1929|12|06|1860}}<br />
|death_place = Deoband, Saharanpur district, [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], British India<br />
|alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]<br />
|teachers = {{bulleted list|[[Yaqub Nanautawi]]|[[Mahmud Deobandi]]|[[Syed Ahmad Dehlavi (academic)|Syed Ahmad Dehlavi]]|[[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]]}}<br />
|father = [[Fazlur Rahman Usmani]]<br />
|relatives = {{bulleted list|[[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani]] (brother)|[[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]] (brother)|[[Usmani family of Deoband#Fazlur Rahman Usmani|Usmani family of Deoband]]}}<br />
|denomination = [[Sunni Islam]]<br />
|Madh'hab = [[Hanafi]]<br />
|creed = [[Maturidi]]<br />
|Sufi_order = <br />
|disciple_of = <br />
|occupation = [[Islamic scholar]], [[muhaddith]]<br />
}} <br />
}}<br />
'''Habibur Rahman Usmani''' (1860–1929), also known as '''Habibur Rahman Deobandi''' and '''Maulāna Habib al-Rahmān''', was an Indian Islamic scholar, Arabic writer and poet, and [[Faqih|Islamic jurist]]. He served as Deputy Vice-Chancellor and later as Vice-Chancellor of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] for nearly twenty-three years. He succeeded [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]] as the [[Grand Mufti]] of [[Hyderabad State]], holding the position for about one year.<br />
<br />
His students included [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]], [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]], [[Muhammad Shafi]], [[Habibur Rahman Azami]], [[Muhammad Idris Kandhlawi]], [[Atiqur Rahman Usmani]], [[Qari Muhammad Tayyib]], [[Badre Alam Merathi]], [[Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi]], [[Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi]], [[Manzoor Nomani]], and [[Yusuf Banuri]].{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}<br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Habibur Rahman Usmani was born in [[Deoband]] in 1277 [[Hijri year|AH]] (1860/1861 [[Anno Domini|AD]]).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kashmiri|first=Khizar Muhammad|title=Zikr-e-Fakhr-ul-Hind|trans-title=A Mention of Fakhrul Hind|date=March 2023|publisher=Shaikhul Hind Academy|location=Deoband|page=25}}</ref><ref name=":&quot;Aqlām&quot;">{{cite journal |date=January–March 2020 |editor-last=Khān |editor-first=Mohsin Atīque |title=مساهمة الشيخ حبيب الرحمن العثماني في الشعر العربي: محمد أبو تراب |trans-title=The Contribution of Sheikh Habib al-Rahman Al-Uthmani to Arabic Poetry: Muhammad Abu Turab |url=https://www.aqlamalhind.com/?p=1694 |journal=Quarterly Aqlām al-Hind (Online) |language=ar |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=1694 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326003056/https://www.aqlamalhind.com/?p=1694 |archive-date=26 March 2024|url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="Al-Daie">{{cite journal|editor-last=Amini|editor-first=Noor Alam Khalil|editor-link=Noor Alam Khalil Amini|title=الشيخ حبيب الرحمن العثماني الديوبندي في مدائحه النبوية: رياض أحمد|trans-title=Sheikh Habib al-Rahman al-Uthmani al-Deobandi in His Praises of the Prophet: Riyadh Ahmad |url=https://www.darululoom-deoband.com/arabic/articles/tmp/1554530208%2013-Adab_Al%20Shaikh%20Habiburrahman_4-5_1432.htm |journal=[[Al-Daie]]|date=March–April 2011|volume=35|issue=4–5|page=|language=ar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326003746/https://www.darululoom-deoband.com/arabic/articles/tmp/1554530208%2013-Adab_Al%20Shaikh%20Habiburrahman_4-5_1432.htm |archive-date=26 March 2024|url-status=live|access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
His father was [[Fazlur Rahman Usmani]], a co-founder of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], and his brothers included [[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani|Azizur Rahman Usmani]] and [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah |author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jame O Mukhtasar Tareekh |publisher=Shaikh-Ul-Hind Academy |edition=2nd|date= October 2020|page=532|location=India |language=ur|oclc=1345466013}}</ref><br />
<br />
He studied at Darul Uloom Deoband from an early age and graduated in 1300 AH (1883 AD).{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|p=532}} His teachers included [[Yaqub Nanautawi]],{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|pp=34, 36}} [[Mahmud Deobandi]], [[Syed Ahmad Dehlavi (academic)|Syed Ahmad Dehlavi]],{{Sfn|Kashmiri|2023|p=25}} and [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]].{{Sfn|Khān|2020}} His classmates included [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Qasmi|first1=Muhammad Tayyib |title=Darul Uloom Diary: Disciples of Ustāz al-Asātidhah Maulana Muhammad Yaqūb Nanautawi|publisher=Idara Paigham-e-Mahmud|location=Deoband |page=36|date=2013|language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
He was an authorized disciple of [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]] in [[Sufism]].<ref name=:"Bukhari">{{cite book |last=Bukhari|first=Akbar Shah|title= Akābir Ulama-e-Deoband|url=https://archive.org/details/AkabirUlamaEDeobandByHafizMuhammadAkbarShahBukhari/page/n45/mode/1up?view=theater |publisher=Idara-e-Islamiat|location= [[Lahore]]|edition=|year=1999|page=90|language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
After graduation, he was appointed a teacher at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]],{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|p=532}}<ref name=:"Aqlām" /> and later, in 1907 AD (1325 AH), he was promoted to Deputy Vice-Chancellor, a position he held until 1925 AD (1343 AH).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rizwi |first=Syed Mehboob |translator= Murtaz Hussain F Qureshi|url=https://archive.org/details/2VolumeBookOnTheHistoryOfDarAlUlumDeoband |title=History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband |publisher=Idara-e Ihtemam, [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] |year=1980 |volume=1 |location=UP, India |page=167 |language=en |oclc=20222197 |author-link=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rizwi |first=Syed Mehboob |translator= Murtaz Hussain F Qureshi|url=https://archive.org/details/2VolumeBookOnTheHistoryOfDarAlUlumDeoband |title=History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband |publisher=Idara-e Ihtemam, [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] |year=1981 |volume=2 |location=UP, India |pages=173–174 |language=en |oclc=20222197}}</ref>{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|pp=532, 750}}<br />
<br />
In late Jumada al-Ula 1344 AH (early December 1925 AD), he succeeded Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad as [[Grand Mufti]] of [[Hyderabad State]]. He returned to Deoband on 12 Rabi' al-Awwal 1345 AH (late September 1926) and worked as Vice-Chancellor, assisting Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad, who was the Head-VC at the time.{{Sfn|Rizwi|1980|pp=208–209}}{{Sfn|Kashmiri|2023|p=38}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qureshi |first=Hamid Afaq |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BZ5uAAAAMAAJ&q=Maulana+habibur+Rahman+Deobandi |title=Glimpses of Deccan and Awadh: 1193-1976 : Essays and Translations |date=2006 |publisher=New Royal Book Company |isbn=978-81-89267-03-2 |page=12 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=:"Tayyib">{{Cite book |last=Tayyib |first=Qari Muhammad|url=https://archive.org/details/tarikh-e-darul-uloom-deoband-by-qari-muhammad-tayyibb |title=Tarīkh-e-Darul Uloom Deoband|trans-title=History of the Darul Uloom Deoband |publisher=Dār-ul-Ishā'at |date=September 1972 |location=Moulvi Musāfir Khana, [[Karachi]] |pages=61–62 |language=ur |author-link=Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi}}</ref> In late 1928 AD (1347 AH), he was appointed the Vice-Chancellor of Darul Uloom Deoband and remained in this position until his demise in December 1929.{{Sfn|Rizwi|1980|pp=208–209}}{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|pp=534, 747}}<br />
<br />
His students included [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]], [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]], [[Muhammad Shafi]], [[Habibur Rahman Azami|Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami]], [[Muhammad Idris Kandhlawi]], [[Atiqur Rahman Usmani]], [[Qari Muhammad Tayyib]], [[Badre Alam Merathi]], [[Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi]], [[Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi]], [[Manzoor Nomani]], [[Yusuf Banuri]], and Abdul Hafeez Balyawi.{{Sfn|Kashmiri|2023|pp=34–35}}<ref name=:"Bukhari" /><br />
<br />
In April 1910 ([[Rabi' al-Awwal]] 1328 AH), he launched Darul Uloom Deoband's first magazine, Monthly Al-Qasim, and served as its editor until its publication was discontinued in March 1920. Later, in Muharram 1344 AH (July 1925 AD), when the magazine was reissued, he resumed his role as editor. However, after four years, in 1347 AH (1928), its publication was permanently discontinued. Similarly, from [[Rajab]] 1332 AH (May 1914) to [[Jumada al-Thani|Jumada al-Ukhra]] 1339 AH (March 1920), he served as the editor of Monthly Al-Rashid, another Darul Uloom publication, from its inception until it was discontinued.<ref name=:"Nayab">{{cite book|last=Hasan|first=Nayab|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ka Sahafati Manzarnama|trans-title=Journalistic Scenario of Darul Uloom Deoband|url=https://archive.org/details/DarulUloomDeobandKaSahafatiManzarNamah |publisher=Idara-e-Tahqīq-e-Islami|location=Deoband|edition=1st|year=2013|pages=105–114|language=ur}}</ref><ref name=":&quot;Muzaffar&quot;">{{cite web |last=Ghazali |first=Muzaffar Hussain |date=13 July 2022 |title=Deoband Ki Sahāfat: Ek Ijmāli Khaka |trans-title=Journalism of Deoband: A Brief Sketch |url=https://qindeelonline.com/deoband-ki-sahafat-aik-ijmali-khaka/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325120247/https://qindeelonline.com/deoband-ki-sahafat-aik-ijmali-khaka/ |archive-date=25 March 2024 |access-date=26 March 2024 |website=Qindeel Online |language=ur}}</ref><ref name=:"Kharsawi">{{cite journal|editor-last=Bijnori|editor-first=Muhammad Salman|title=An Introduction to the Magazines 'Al-Qasim', 'Al-Rashid', and 'Monthly Darul Uloom' by Muhammad Shahid Akhtar Qasmi |url=https://darululoom-deoband.com/urduarticles/archives/3897|journal=[[Monthly Darul Uloom]]|date=December 2016|volume=107|issue=2|pages=8–17|language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Qari Muhammad Tayyib]] states that [[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]] once remarked, "If I am influenced by anyone's knowledge, it is Maulana Habibur Rahman."<ref name="tayyabqasmi">{{cite book |last1=Tayyib |first1=Qari Muhammad|editor1-last=Bukhari |editor1-first=Akbar Shah |title=50 Misaali Shaksiyaat |trans-title=50 Exemplar Personalities |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/darul-uloom-deoband-ki-pachaas-misali-shakhsiyaat-qari-mohammad-tayyab-ebooks |publisher=Maktaba Faiz-ul-Qur'an |location=[[Deoband]] |page=115 |edition=July 1999 |language=Urdu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Kaleem |first=Mohd |title=Contribution of Old Boys of Darul Uloom Deoband in Hadith Literature |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/364028 |type=PhD |page=164 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |access-date=26 March 2024|archive-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024044219/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
He was an active member of the [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind|Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]] and presided over its fourth conference held in [[Gaya (India)|Gaya]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province|Bihar]], between 24 and 26 December 1922 AD ([[Jumada al-Awwal|Jumada al-Ula]] 5–7, 1341 AH), where he delivered the presidential sermon.<ref name=:"Rozina">{{Cite book |last=Rozina |first=Parveen|url=https://archive.org/details/jamiat-ullma-i-hind-vol-1-001 |title=Jamiat-ul-Ulama, Hind|publisher=National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research |edition=1st |year=1980 |location=[[Islamabad]] |pages=137, 140 |language=ur}}</ref><ref name=:"Sandelvi">{{Cite book |last=Sandelvi |first=Shujaat Ali |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/intikhab-khutbat-e-jamiyat-ulma-e-hind-ebooks |title=Intekhāb Khutbāt-e-Jamiat-i-Ulama-e-Hind|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Urdu Academy]] |edition=1st |year=1988 |location=Lucknow |pages=83–90 |language=ur}}</ref><ref name=:"Aqlām" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Miftahi|first=Zafeeruddin|author-link=Zafeeruddin Miftahi|title=Mashaheer-e-Ulama-e-Darul Uloom Deoband|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/mashaheer-e-ulama-e-darul-uloom-deoband-mohammad-zafeeruddin-ebooks |publisher=Daftar Ijalas-e-Sad Sala|location= [[Deoband]]|edition=first|year=1980|page=41|language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
He actively participated in the [[Khilafat Movement|Khilafat movement]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Minault |first=Gail |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gAW8GreFqjkC&dq=Habibur+Rahman+Usmani&pg=PA288 |title=The Khilafat Movement: Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India |year=1982 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-51539-9 |page=98 |language=en |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ansari |first=Arif |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMylEAAAQBAJ&dq=Maulana+habib+ur-rehman+Deobandi&pg=PT224 |title=The Khilafat Movement |date=2023-01-05 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=979-8-88869-333-9 |language=en |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Niemeijer |first=A. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CP37EAAAQBAJ&dq=Maulana+habib+ur-rehman+Deobandi&pg=PA152 |title=The Khilafat Movement in India 1919-1924 |date=2012-12-11 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-28692-4 |pages=152 |language=en |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nanda |first=B. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZiwpDwAAQBAJ&dq=Maulana+habibur+Rahman+Deobandi&pg=PT342 |title=Gandhi: Pan-Islamism, Imperialism and Nationalism in India |date=2001-12-14 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-908771-6 |language=en |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref> and presided over several conferences held in [[Meerut]] and [[Muzaffarnagar]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|UP]], between March and April 1920.{{Sfn|Minault|1982|pp=98, 107, 266}}<br />
<br />
== Literary works ==<br />
Usmani specialized in Arabic and Urdu literature and history. He wrote a [[qasida]] entitled ''Lāmiyat al-Mu'jizāt'', which describes one hundred [[Islamic view of miracles|miracles]] of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] in about three hundred [[Verse (poetry)|verses]]. It has also been translated into Urdu by [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]].{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|p=533}}{{Sfn|Rizwi|1981|p=175}} He wrote another qasida of two hundred and eighty-five verses titled ''Bāmiyat-ul-Mu'jizāt'', which explores one hundred miracles of Prophet Muhammad.{{Sfn|Khān|2020}}<br />
<br />
He composed several poems in honor of [[Hyderabad State]]'s last Nizam, [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]]. These poems were not written for financial gain but rather to express admiration for the Nizam’s concern and interest in religious affairs and Islamic institutions, particularly because{{Sfn|Amini|2011}} he granted a monthly donation of five hundred rupees to Darul Uloom Deoband.{{Sfn|Amini|2011}}{{Sfn|Rizwi|1980|pp=189–190}}<br />
<br />
His works include:{{Sfn|Rizwi|1981|pp=174–175}}{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|pp=533–534}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Qasmi|first1=Khurshid Hasan|title=Darul Uloom Aur Deoband Ki Tarīkhi Shakhsiyyāt|trans-title=Historical Figures of Darul Uloom and Deoband|url=https://archive.org/details/BESTUBOOKSDDTS/mode/1up |publisher=Maktaba Tafsir al-Qur'an|location=Jamia Masjid, [[Deoband]]|page=20|edition=1st|year=2003|language=ur}}</ref>{{Sfn|Khān|2020}}{{Sfn|Amini|2011}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Mubarakpuri|first=Arif Jameel|author-link=Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri|title=Mausoo'a Ulama-u-Deoband|trans-title=The Encyclopedia of Deobandi Scholars|date=2021|edition=1st|publisher=Shaikhul Hind Academy|location=Deoband|page=78|language=ar}}</ref><br />
* ''Mu'īn al-Labīb Fī Jam'-i-Qasāid al-Habīb'' (his [[Diwan (poetry)|dīwān]], compiled by Izāz Alī Amrohi)<br />
* ''Ishā'at-e-Islām: Dunya Mein Islām Kiyun Kar Phala?'' (in Urdu; {{translation|Spread of Islam: How did Islam spread across the world?}})<br />
* ''Ta'līmāt-e-Islām'' (in Urdu; {{translation|The Teachings of Islam}})<br />
* ''Hāshiyah Maqāmāt-e-Harīrī'' (his Urdu annotations on [[al-Hariri of Basra|Al-Hariri]]'s [[Maqamat al-Hariri]])<br />
* ''Hāshiyah Tafsīr al-Jalālayn'' (his annotations on [[Al-Mahalli]]'s [[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]])<br />
* ''Rahmatul Lil-Ālamīn'' or ''Sīrat-e-Sayyid al-Murasalīn'' (an incomplete prophetic biography of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]])<br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
Usmani died on 4 Rajab 1348 AH (6 December 1929 AD) in Deoband and was buried in [[Qasmi cemetery]].<ref>{{Cite thesis<br />
|last=Rahman<br />
|first=Obaidur<br />
|title=مساهمة علماء ديوبند في اللغة العربية وآدابها ١٨٦٧م - ٢٠١٣م|trans-title=Contribution of Ulama of Deoband to Arabic Language and Literature from 1867 to 2013<br />
|publisher=Department of Arabic, [[Banaras Hindu University]]<br />
|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/536377<br />
|year=2021<br />
|location=India<br />
|language=ar<br />
|hdl=10603/536377<br />
|type=PhD<br />
|page=76<br />
}}</ref>{{Sfn|Rizwi|1981|p=175}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Adrawi|first=Asir|author-link=Asir Adrawi|title=Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind: Karwān-e-Rafta|url=https://archive.org/details/Tazkira-Mashaheer-i-Hind-Karwan-i-Rafta/page/n122/mode/1up?view=theater |page=72|location=[[Deoband]]|publisher= Darul Muallifeen |edition=1st |date=1994|language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Sulaiman Nadvi]], in an issue of Ma'arif magazine published in [[Azamgarh]], expressed his grief over Usmani's passing and described his death as the greatest academic and educational loss of that month.<ref>{{cite book |last1=ar-Rahman |first1=Fuyūz|title=Mashāhīr-e-Ulama-e-Deoband|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/mashaheer-ulama-e-deoband-qari-fuyuzur-rahman-ebooks |year=1976|publisher=Azīzia Book Depot|location=Urdu Bazar, [[Lahore]] |pages=128–129|contribution=Maulana Sharif Hasan Sahab|language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Nadvi|editor1-first=Syed Sulaiman|editor1-link=Sulaiman Nadvi|title=Shadharāt|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/maarif-shumara-number-006-unknown-editor-magazines-1 |journal=[[Ma'arif]]|date=December 1929| volume=24|issue=6 |page=1|publisher=[[Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy]]|location=Azamgarh|language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of Deobandis]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Saʻīd |first=Aḥmad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGZuAAAAMAAJ&q=Habibur+Rahman+Usmani |title=Muslim India, 1857-1947: A Biographical Dictionary |date=1997 |publisher=Institute of Pakistan Historical Research |pages=331 |language=en}}<br />
* {{Cite book|url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/260080/bismrrito-monisha|title=বিস্মৃত মনীষা: দারুল উলুম দেওবন্দের বিস্মৃত মনীষীদের জীবনালেখ্য|trans-title=Forgotten People: Biographies of the forgotten thinkers of Darul Uloom Deoband|last=Aziz|first=Hasan|year=2022|publisher=Punoray Prokashon|location=Dhaka|pages=51–63|language=bn}}<br />
* {{Cite thesis |last1=Sulaiman |first1=A. F. M. |date=2011 |title=Indian Contributions to Arabic Literature: A Study on Mohd Rabe Hasani Nadwi |journal=University |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/92992 |type=Ph.D. |publisher=Assam University |hdl=10603/92992 |via=Shodhganga |page=71–73}}<br />
<br />
{{Usmani family of Deoband}}<br />
{{Darul Uloom Deoband}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]<br />
[[Category:1858 births]]<br />
[[Category:1929 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Deobandis]]<br />
[[Category:People from Deoband]]<br />
[[Category:Usmani family]]<br />
[[Category:Students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]]<br />
[[Category:Muhtamims of Darul Uloom Deoband]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Majlis-e-Shura of Darul Uloom Deoband]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaapa&diff=507206Kaapa2026-04-24T00:35:34Z<p>KandacePolding: Started pg</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2022 Indian film directed by Shaji Kailas}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{About|the film|the act|Kerala Anti-Social Activities Prevention Act|villages in Estonia|Kääpa (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Kaapa<br />
| image = Kaapa release poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Shaji Kailas]]<br />
| writer = [[G. R. Indugopan]]<br />
| based_on = {{Based on|''Shankhumukhi''|G. R. Indugopan}}<br />
| producer = {{ubl|Dolwin Kuriakose|Jinu V. Abraham|[[Dileesh Nair]]|Vikram Mehra|Siddharth Anand Kumar}}<br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]<br />
* [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]]<br />
* [[Aparna Balamurali]]<br />
* [[Anna Ben]]<br />
*[[Dileesh Pothan]]<br />
}}<br />
| cinematography = [[Jomon T. John]]<br />
| editing = [[Shameer Muhammed]]<br />
| music = '''Songs:'''<br />[[Dawn Vincent]]<br />[[Jakes Bejoy]]<br />'''Background Score:'''<br />Dawn Vincent<br />
| studio = {{ubl|Fefka Writers Union|Theatre of Dreams|[[Saregama|Saregama India Limited]]}}<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|12|22}}<br />
| runtime = 134 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaapa |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/kaapa-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdewmtc1 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=28 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228163441/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/kaapa-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdewmtc1 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| gross = {{INR}}17 crore<ref>{{Cite web |title='Kaapa' box office collection: Prithviraj Sukumaran starrer crosses Rs 17 crores |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/box%20office/kaapa-box-office-collection-prithviraj-sukumaran-starrer-crosses-rs-17-crores/articleshow/96755386.cms |website=The Times of India |date=5 January 2023 |access-date=30 April 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100425/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/box-office/kaapa-box-office-collection-prithviraj-sukumaran-starrer-crosses-rs-17-crores/articleshow/96755386.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Kaapa''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[action thriller film]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/kaapa-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdewnzm5|title=Kaapa (15)|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=3 November 2023|archive-date=3 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103144540/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/kaapa-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdewnzm5|url-status=dead}}</ref> directed by [[Shaji Kailas]] and written by [[G. R. Indugopan]] based on his novel ''Shankhumukhi''. Produced by Fefka Writers Union, Theatre of Dreams and [[Saregama|Saregama India Limited]], it stars [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]], [[Aparna Balamurali]] and [[Anna Ben]].<br />
<br />
The film was announced in August 2021 with [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]] assigned as the director. However, he stepped down as director in May 2022, citing creative differences.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-31 |title=Did Venu opt out from directing Prithviraj Sukumaran's 'Kaapa'? Details inside |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/did-venu-opt-out-from-directing-prithviraj-sukumarans-kaapa-details-inside/articleshow/91911506.cms |access-date=2023-12-01 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Shaji Kailas later replaced him. [[Manju Warrier]] was initially cast as the lead actress but opted out due to schedule conflicts. She was replaced by Aparna Balamurali. [[Principal photography]] took place from July to September that year in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. The music was composed by [[Dawn Vincent]] and Jakes Bejoy, cinematography was handled by [[Jomon T. John]] and editing by [[Shameer Muhammed]].<br />
<br />
''Kaapa'' was released in theatres on 22 December 2022 and received mixed reviews from critics.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Anand is an [[Information Technology|IT]] professional has recently moved to [[Thiruvananthapuram]] from [[Bangalore]] with his pregnant wife Binu Thrivikraman. During a routine police check in their neighbourhood, Anand learns that his wife's name is included in the "KAAPA" (Kerala Anti-Social Activities Prevention Act) list, a list that includes the names of all the local gangsters. Anand decides to clear Binu's name and sends her to his hometown to have a safe pregnancy.<br />
<br />
Later, Anand meets Arumanayagam, a police constable to seek his help in removing Binu's name, and soon learns about her involvement in leading a gang and her rivalry with the city's leading gangster and upcoming politician Kotta Madhu, as Madhu was responsible for the death of Binu's brother. Anand meets Kotta Madhu and manages to earn his trust in order to help Binu. Later, Anand learns that a reporter named Latheef has hired goons to finish Madhu and informs Prameela, who later informs Madhu. Madhu thrashes them and Latheef gets scared of getting caught by Madhu.<br />
<br />
Anand travels to Binu's hometown and arranges their baby's naming ceremony. Latheef meets Anand and reveals about his rivalry with Madhu resulted in his cousin Nazeer getting exiled to [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]]. Latheef tells Anand to broker a truce between him and Madhu so he can live a peaceful life. Though reluctant, Madhu agrees and arrives at the spot where the truce is to be finalized, but Madhu is killed in a bomb blast by a boy, whose life was severely damaged by Madhu as he bombed an assassin due to his orders and was sent to [[juvenile prison]].<br />
<br />
Anand pays his last respect to Madhu and leaves the premises, feeling guilty about being used by Latheef. After Madhu's [[autopsy]] report, Prameela learns that Binu is wearing Madhu's ring; thus revealing that she was the mastermind behind Madhu's death and Latheef was her family-friend. Binu was also the faceless leader leading a gang and attempted to kill Madhu while Anand was busy proving her innocence. Prameela calls Binu and swears that she will avenge Madhu's death, while Binu also promises to protect her family without Anand's knowledge.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{castlist|<br />
* [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] as P.N Madhu Kumar /Kotta Madhu<br />
* [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] as Anand Anirudhan<br />
* [[Aparna Balamurali]] as Prameela, Madhu's wife<br />
* [[Anna Ben]] as Binu Thrivikraman, Anand's wife <br />
* [[Dileesh Pothan]] as Latheef<br />
* [[Jagadish Kumar]] as Jabbar<br />
* [[Nandu (Malayalam actor)|Nandu]] as [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|ASI]] Arumanayagam<br />
* [[Senthil Krishna]] as Mohammad Nazeer aka 'Patthikkayyan' Nazeer<br />
* [[Sajitha Madathil]] as Mohammad Nazeer's mother<br />
* [[Biju Pappan]] as Sashankan<br />
* Gundukaadu Sabu as District Collector<br />
* [[Sagar Surya]] as Biju Thrivikraman, Binu's brother<br />
* Vijayakumar Prabhakaran as police constable<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
=== Development ===<br />
On 17 August 2021, [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] announced that [[Mammootty]] and [[Mohanlal]] would be launching a project on 18 August, the next day. That day, 18 August, the motion poster was shared by them and the title was revealed to be ''Kaapa''. The film was initiated by Fefka Writers Union. The title ''Kaapa'' is the short form of an act called ''Kerala Anti-social Activities (Prevention) Act''. [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]] was the director.<ref name=".">{{Cite web |title=Kaapa: Prithviraj Sukumaran, Manju Warrier, Asif Ali, and Anna Ben to star in FEFKA's film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kaapa-prithviraj-sukumaran-manju-warrier-asif-ali-and-anna-ben-to-star-in-fefkas-film/articleshow/85420957.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 August 2022 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=6 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206060244/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kaapa-prithviraj-sukumaran-manju-warrier-asif-ali-and-anna-ben-to-star-in-fefkas-film/articleshow/85420957.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> But in May 2022, Venu opted out of the film as director due to creative differences between him and Fefka Writers Union. He was then replaced by [[Shaji Kailas]].<ref name="*">{{Cite web |title=Did Venu opt out from directing Prithviraj Sukumaran's 'Kaapa'? Details inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/did-venu-opt-out-from-directing-prithviraj-sukumarans-kaapa-details-inside/articleshow/91911506.cms |website=The Times of India |date=31 May 2022 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609105801/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/did-venu-opt-out-from-directing-prithviraj-sukumarans-kaapa-details-inside/articleshow/91911506.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Cinematographer [[Sanu Varghese]], editor [[Mahesh Narayanan]] and musician [[Justin Varghese]] were the initial technical crew of the film.<ref name="." /> They were later replaced by [[Jomon T. John]], [[Shameer Muhammed]] and musicians [[Dawn Vincent]] and [[Jakes Bejoy]] respectively. The film was scripted by [[G. R. Indugopan]] based on his novel ''Shankhumukhi''.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Kaapa': Makers unveil an intriguing teaser for the Prithviraj Sukumaran starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kaapa-makers-unveil-an-intriguing-teaser-for-the-prithviraj-sukumaran-starrer/articleshow/94909730.cms |website=The Times of India |date=17 October 2022 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100252/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kaapa-makers-unveil-an-intriguing-teaser-for-the-prithviraj-sukumaran-starrer/articleshow/94909730.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Casting ===<br />
The film was initially announced with the cast of Prithviraj Sukumaran, [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]], [[Manju Warrier]] and [[Anna Ben]]. However, Manju Warrier left the film as she was busy with her schedules on shooting for [[Ajith Kumar]]'s ''[[Thunivu]]'' (2023).<ref name=":">{{Cite web |title=Manju Warrier opts out of 'Kaapa' due to her tight schedule |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/manju-warrier-opts-out-of-kaapa-due-to-her-tight-schedule/articleshow/93079232.cms |website=The Times of India |date=23 July 2022 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100251/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/manju-warrier-opts-out-of-kaapa-due-to-her-tight-schedule/articleshow/93079232.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Aparna Balamurali]] came as the replacement. Actors [[Dileesh Pothan]], [[Jagadish Kumar]] and [[Nandu (Malayalam actor)|Nandu]] were later revealed to be part of the cast.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National award-winning actress Aparna Balamurali replaces Manju Warrier in 'Kaapa' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/national-award-winning-actress-aparna-balamurali-replaces-manju-warrier-in-kaapa/articleshow/93153170.cms |website=The Times of India |date=27 July 2022 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100251/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/national-award-winning-actress-aparna-balamurali-replaces-manju-warrier-in-kaapa/articleshow/93153170.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Filming ===<br />
[[File:Tvmcityview.jpg|thumb|[[Thiruvananthapuram]], where the entire film was shot]]<br />
Filming was to begin on 20 May 2022 but was postponed due to Venu opting out of the film.<ref name="*" /> [[Principal photography]] began on 15 July 2022 in VJT Hall, [[Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref name=":" /> On 16 July, director Shaji Kailas sought permission from Chief Minister [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] for a day's shooting in the area around the [[Kerala Government Secretariat]] as the [[Government of Kerala]] had enforced a ban there for shooting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No more film shooting around Kerala Secretariat now |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/no-more-film-shooting-around-kerala-secretariat-now/articleshow/92914455.cms |website=The Times of India |date=16 July 2022 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100251/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/no-more-film-shooting-around-kerala-secretariat-now/articleshow/92914455.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Sukumaran gave a 60 days date for the filming of ''Kaapa''. An action scene with Sukumaran was shot on 26 July.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch: Prithviraj Sukumaran performing fight sequences for 'Kaapa' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/watch-prithviraj-sukumaran-performing-fight-sequences-for-kaapa/articleshow/93160823.cms |website=The Times of India |date=27 July 2022 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100251/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/watch-prithviraj-sukumaran-performing-fight-sequences-for-kaapa/articleshow/93160823.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Filming came to a conclusion on 16 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=It's a schedule wrap for Prithviraj Sukumaran's 'Kaapa' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/its-a-schedule-wrap-for-prithviraj-sukumarans-kaapa/articleshow/94248484.cms |website=The Times of India |date=16 September 2022 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118102657/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/its-a-schedule-wrap-for-prithviraj-sukumarans-kaapa/articleshow/94248484.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Kaapa<br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Dawn Vincent]] and [[Jakes Bejoy]]<br />
| cover = <br />
| released = {{start date|2022||}}<br />
| recorded = {{start date|2022||}}<br />
| studio = * d's Den, [[Kochi]]<br />
* NHQ, Kochi<br />
* K7, Kochi<br />
* Sonic Island, Kochi<br />
* Mindscore Music, Kochi<br />
* Pop Media House, Kochi<br />
* Saptha Records, Kochi<br />
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = {{Duration|m=6|s=44}}<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| label = [[Saregama|Saregama India Limited]]<br />
| producer = [[Jakes Bejoy]]<br />
| misc = {{Singles<br />
| single1 = Yamam Veendum Vinnile<br />
| single1date = 16 December 2022<br />
| single2 = Thiru Thiru Thiruvananthapurathu<br />
| single2date = 19 December 2022<br />
}}<br />
{{Extra chronology <br />
| artist = [[Dawn Vincent]]<br />
| type = <br />
| prev_title = [[The Teacher (2022 film)|The Teacher]]<br />
| prev_year = 2022<br />
| title = Kaapa<br />
| year = 2022<br />
| next_title = <br />
| next_year =<br />
}}<br />
{{Extra chronology<br />
| artist = [[Jakes Bejoy]]<br />
| type = <br />
| prev_title = [[Saturday Night (2022 film)|Saturday Night]]<br />
| prev_year = 2022<br />
| title = Kaapa<br />
| year = 2022<br />
| next_title = [[Iratta]]<br />
| next_year = 2023<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Dawn Vincent]] and [[Jakes Bejoy]] composed the film's music. All recordings were done at [[Kochi]]. The first single titled "Yamam Veendum Vinnile" was released on 16 December 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title='Yamam Veendum Vinnile': Makers unveil the lyrical song from Prithviraj starrer 'Kaapa' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/yamam-veendum-vinnile-makers-unveil-the-lyrical-song-from-prithviraj-starrer-kaapa/articleshow/96295725.cms |website=The Times of India |date=17 December 2022 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100252/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/yamam-veendum-vinnile-makers-unveil-the-lyrical-song-from-prithviraj-starrer-kaapa/articleshow/96295725.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> while the second single, "Thiru Thiru Thiruvananthapurathu", was released on 19 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Thiru Thiru Thiruvananthapurathu': Latest video song from Prithviraj Sukumaran's 'Kaapa' goes viral |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/thiru-thiru-thiruvananthapurathu-latest-video-song-from-prithviraj-sukumarans-kaapa-goes-viral/articleshow/96362884.cms |website=The Times of India |date=20 December 2022 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221080517/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/thiru-thiru-thiruvananthapurathu-latest-video-song-from-prithviraj-sukumarans-kaapa-goes-viral/articleshow/96362884.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Yamam Veendum Vinnile<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]<br />
| music1 = [[Dawn Vincent]]<br />
| extra1 = [[Kapil Kapilan]]<br />
| length1 = {{Duration|m=3|s=}}<br />
| title2 = Thiru Thiru Thiruvananthapurathu<br />
| lyrics2 = [[Santhosh Varma]]<br />
| music2 = [[Jakes Bejoy]]<br />
| extra2 = Subhash Babu B, Anugrah Digosh, Akhil J. Chand, Jakes Bejoy<br />
| length2 = {{Duration|m=3|s=44}}<br />
| total_length = {{Duration|m=6|s=44}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
=== Theatrical ===<br />
''Kaapa'' was released theatrically on 22 December 2022 during [[Christmas]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prithviraj Sukumaran starrer 'Kaapa' to hit the big screens on December |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/prithviraj-sukumaran-starrer-kaapa-to-hit-the-big-screens-on-december/articleshow/95523038.cms |website=The Times of India |date=15 November 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Home media ===<br />
''Kaapa'' had its post-theatrical streaming on [[Netflix]] starting from 19 January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prithviraj's Kaapa gets OTT release date |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/prithvirajs-kaapa-gets-ott-release-date-8378403/lite/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |date=12 January 2023 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=28 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228163438/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/prithvirajs-kaapa-gets-ott-release-date-8378403/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
=== Critical response ===<br />
Gopika I. S. of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "More or less, Shaji Kailas has succeeded in delivering a satisfying gangster movie."<ref>{{Cite web |last=IS |first=Gopika |date=24 December 2022 |title=Kaapa Movie Review: Interesting, if predictable, gangster movie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/kaapa/movie-review/96481928.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202043616/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/kaapa/movie-review/96481928.cms |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Latha Srinivasan of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote that "''Kaapa'' is one of the better films from Prithviraj this year, among the six releases he had. Those going to watch ''Kaapa'' for Shaji Kailas and Prithviraj must go with an open mind for a new experience."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=23 December 2022 |title=Kaapa Movie Review: This Prithviraj gangster drama is a different attempt from Shaji Kailas |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kaapa-movie-review-this-prithviraj-gangster-drama-is-a-different-attempt-from-shaji-kailas-2312309-2022-12-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128075902/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kaapa-movie-review-this-prithviraj-gangster-drama-is-a-different-attempt-from-shaji-kailas-2312309-2022-12-22 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sanjith Sridharan of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "Shaji Kailas hits a meter from the first scene of the film and maintains this till the end, which is a tough aspect to do and this makes the movie watchable."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/kaapa-movie-review-prithviraj-sukumaran-asif-alis-gangster-drama-lacks-emotional-heft-to-be-engaging-enough/70bfbaaee1890|title=Kaapa movie review: Prithviraj Sukumaran, Asif Ali's gangster-drama lacks emotional heft to be engaging enough|website=[[OTTplay]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Manoj Kumar R. of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "Prithviraj's act as Madhu is hard to buy as he comes across as an indecisive and unwise criminal, despite being the head of a crime syndicate."<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=22 December 2022 |title=Kaapa movie review: Prithviraj plays an unwise criminal in this unconvincing gangster drama |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kaapa-movie-review-prithviraj-8339006/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202043618/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kaapa-movie-review-prithviraj-8339006/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sowmya Rajendran of ''[[The News Minute]]'' gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "Shaji Kailas's Prithviraj starrer doesn't work as a mass-action film because it doesn't have enough originality."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |author-link=Sowmya Rajendran |date=23 December 2022 |title=Kaapa review: Prithviraj's action thriller is old wine in a prehistoric bottle |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kaapa-review-prithviraj-s-action-thriller-old-wine-prehistoric-bottle-171250 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230162625/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kaapa-review-prithviraj-s-action-thriller-old-wine-prehistoric-bottle-171250 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 1.75 out of 5 stars and wrote "Prithviraj Sukumaran and Shaji Kailas serve up a clichéd, bloody gangster drama in which women are not written as fully fleshed out characters but as mere plot devices."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vetticad |first=Anna MM |author-link=Anna M. M. Vetticad |date=24 December 2022 |title=Kaapa movie review: The 'trying to be a Mohanlal/Mammootty-type mass superstar' genre returns |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kaapa-movie-review-the-trying-to-be-a-mohanlal-mammootty-type-mass-superstar-genre-returns-11867711.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202043619/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kaapa-movie-review-the-trying-to-be-a-mohanlal-mammootty-type-mass-superstar-genre-returns-11867711.html |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
S. R. Praveen of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "One sees glimmers of what the movie could have been in some of the well-conceived background stories, but director Shaji Kailas ends up giving it a predictable treatment."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=22 December 2022 |title='Kaapa' movie review: Prithviraj Sukumaran stars in a typical gangland drama that brims with untapped potential |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kaapa-movie-review-prithviraj-sukumaran-stars-in-a-typical-gangland-drama-that-brims-with-untapped-potential/article66292357.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202043621/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kaapa-movie-review-prithviraj-sukumaran-stars-in-a-typical-gangland-drama-that-brims-with-untapped-potential/article66292357.ece |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Nirmal Jovial of ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'' wrote "When compared with gangster films of the 2010s, Shaji Kailas's Kaapa is more of a safe-formula film. It ticks almost all boxes—slow-mos, stylised action, ultra-close-ups, punch dialogues."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2022/12/22/kaapa-review-shaji-kailas-prithviraj-gangster-movie-malayalam.html|title='Kaapa' review: A formulaic but largely enjoyable gangster drama|website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|15251536}}<br />
{{Shaji Kailas}}<br />
[[Category:2022 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2022 action thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:2022 films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Shaji Kailas]]<br />
[[Category:Yoodlee Films films]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhind_Assembly_constituency&diff=491184Bhind Assembly constituency2026-04-19T08:42:02Z<p>KandacePolding: put up first article w/ sources...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Bhind<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 10<br />
| map_image = 10-Bhind.svg<br />
| incumbent_image =<br />
| mla = [[Narendra Singh Kushwah]] <br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]<br />
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
| district = [[Bhind district|Bhind]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhind Lok Sabha constituency|Bhind]]<br />
| established = 1951<ref name=eci2 /><br />
| reservation = None<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| preceded_by = Sanjeev Singh Kushwah<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Bhind Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=2 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=2015-12-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> This constituency came into existence in 1951, as one of the 79 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile [[Madhya Bharat]] state.<ref name=eci2>{{cite web|url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Bharat|page=6|publisher=Election Commission of India website|access-date=2011-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155640/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-21|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Bhind (constituency number 10) is one of the 5 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Bhind district]]. This constituency covers part of Bhind [[tehsil]], [[Akoda]] [[nagar panchayat]] and [[Bhind]] municipality.<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=227, 250}}</ref><br />
<br />
Bhind is part of [[Bhind Lok Sabha constituency]] along with seven other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely, [[Ater Assembly constituency|Ater]], [[Lahar Assembly constituency|Lahar]], [[Mehgaon Assembly constituency|Mehgaon]] and [[Gohad Assembly constituency|Gohad]] in this district and [[Sewda Assembly constituency|Sewda]], [[Bhander Assembly constituency|Bhander]] and [[Datia Assembly constituency|Datia]] in [[Datia district]].<ref name="ceo"/><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+[[Madhya Bharat]]<br />
!Year<br />
!MLA<br />
!colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
|1951<br />
|[[Narsinghrao Jabarsingh]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name="eci2" /><br />
|}<br />
<br /><br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
!Year<br />
!MLA<br />
!colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Narsinghrao Jabarsingh]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| Raghubir Singh Kushwah<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
| Navin Chandra Bhoota<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
| Om Kumari Kushwah<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
|[[Chaudhary Dilip Singh Chaturvedi]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
|Udayabhan Singh<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br />
|[[Chaudhary Rakesh Singh Chaturvedi]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<br />
|Ramlakhan Singh Kushwah<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|1996 (By-election)<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Chaudhary Rakesh Singh Chaturvedi]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<br />
|[[Narendra Singh Kushwah]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008">{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/OtherLinks/Election_Result_2008.pdf|title=Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha General Elections - 2008 (in Hindi)|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=10 February 2011}}</ref><br />
|[[Chaudhary Rakesh Singh Chaturvedi]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br />
|[[Narendra Singh Kushwah]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br />
|Sanjeev Singh Kushwah (Sanju)<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name="Madhya Pradesh Assembly Elections Results 2023">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2023-full-list-of-leading-candidates-from-bjp-congress/articleshow/105701279.cms|title=Madhya Pradesh Assembly Elections Results 2023: Check full and final list of winners here|last1=The Times of India|date=4 December 2023|accessdate=13 December 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213082108/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2023-full-list-of-leading-candidates-from-bjp-congress/articleshow/105701279.cms|archivedate=13 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2023: Full list of the winners constituency wise and seat wise">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/madhya-pradesh-assembly-elections-results-2023-live-updates-winning-candidates-full-list-how-many-seats-bjp-congress-won-101701564801639.html|title=Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2023: Full list of the winners constituency wise and seat wise|last1=Hindustan Times|date=3 December 2023|accessdate=13 December 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213082157/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/madhya-pradesh-assembly-elections-results-2023-live-updates-winning-candidates-full-list-how-many-seats-bjp-congress-won-101701564801639.html|archivedate=13 December 2023|language=en}}</ref><br />
|[[Narendra Singh Kushwah]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== 2023 ===<br />
{{Election box begin<br />
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhind<ref name="Madhya Pradesh Assembly Elections Results 2023" /><br />
}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Narendra Singh Kushwah]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:66420}}<br />
|percentage = 40.96<br />
|change = +18.51<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Chaudhary Rakesh Singh Chaturvedi]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:52274}}<br />
|percentage = 32.24<br />
|change = +26.63<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Sanjeev Singh (Sanju)<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:34938}}<br />
|percentage = 21.55<br />
|change = -25.17<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Aam Aadmi Party<br />
|candidate = Rahul Singh Kushwah<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:3056}}<br />
|percentage = 1.88<br />
|change = +1.59<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:422}}<br />
|percentage = 0.26<br />
|change = -0.38<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:14146}}<br />
|percentage = 8.72<br />
|change = -15.55<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:162149}}<br />
|percentage = 58.95<br />
|change = +0.38<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2018 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhind<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Sanjeev Singh Kushwah<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:69107}}<br />
|percentage = 46.72<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Chaudhary Rakesh Singh Chaturvedi]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:33211}}<br />
|percentage = 22.45<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|candidate = [[Narendra Singh Kushwah]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:30474}}<br />
|percentage = 20.6<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Ramesh Dubey<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:8297}}<br />
|percentage = 5.61<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:942}}<br />
|percentage = 0.64<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:35896}}<br />
|percentage = 24.27<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:147922}}<br />
|percentage = 58.57<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}<br />
{{coord|26.56|78.79|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bhind district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biswa_Bandhu_Sen&diff=481284Biswa Bandhu Sen2026-04-19T00:12:10Z<p>KandacePolding: minor enhance article for clarity further and updated info for clarity</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician (1953–2025)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Biswa Bandhu Sen<br />
| caption =<br />
| image = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1953|05|23|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Dharmanagar]], Tripura, India<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2025|12|26|1953|05|23|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Bengaluru]], Karnataka, India<br />
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Tripura|CM]]<br />
| 1namedata = Manik Saha<br />
| office = 11th [[List of speakers of the Tripura Legislative Assembly|Speaker of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency = [[Dharmanagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dharmanagar]]<br />
| term_start = 24 March 2023<br />
| term_end = 26 December 2025<br />
| predecessor = [[Ratan Chakraborty]]<br />
| successor = [[Ram Pada Jamatia]]<br />
| office1 = [[List of deputy speakers of the Tripura Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker]] of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency1 = [[Dharmanagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dharmanagar]]<br />
| term_start1 = 21 Jun 2018<br />
| term_end1 = 2 March 2023<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Pabitra Kar]]<br />
| successor1 = [[Ram Prasad Paul]]<br />
| office2 = Member of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency2 = [[Dharmanagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dharmanagar]]<br />
| term_start2 = 2008<br />
| term_end2 = 26 December 2025<br />
| predecessor2 = <br />
| successor2 = <br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (from 2017)<br />
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]] (until 2017)<br />
| 2namedata = [[Ram Prasad Paul]]<br />
| children = <br />
| 2blankname = Deputy Speaker<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| profession = <br />
| date = <br />
| year = <br />
| source = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Biswa Bandhu Sen''' (23 May 1953 – 26 December 2025) was an Indian politician from Tripura. He served as the 11th speaker<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tripuraassembly.nic.in/deputyspeaker.html|title = Welcome to the Official Website Before Legislative Assembly}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-02 |title=Tripura speaker Rebati Mohan Das resigns citing 'personal' reasons |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tripura-speaker-rebati-mohan-das-resigns-citing-personal-reasons-101630589275549.html |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]. He was a four time MLA from 56-[[Dharmanagar Assembly constituency]] of [[North Tripura district]].<br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Sen was from [[Dharmanagar]], North Tripura District, Tripura. He was the son of late Kali Mohan Sen. Sen completed his B.A. in 1975 at [[Maharaja Bir Bikram College]], which is affiliated with [[Calcutta University]]. His wife was a retired government teacher.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biswa Bandhu Sen(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- DHARMANAGAR(NORTH TRIPURA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Tripura2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6903 |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Sen became an MLA for the first time winning the [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] representing the Indian National Congress defeating Amitabha Datta of Communist Party of India (Marxist) by a margin of 2,410 votes. He retained the seat again on Congress ticket in the [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] beating Datta again by a margin of 1,844 votes. Later, he shifted to the Bharatiya Janata Party in 2017 and won the Dharmanagar seat in the [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] defeating Abhijit De, also of CPI (M) by a margin of 7,287 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-06 |title=Biswa Bandhu Sen |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/politics/biswa-bandhu-sen/articleshow/97950452.cms |access-date=2024-11-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He won a fourth consecutive term in the [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023 Assembly elections]] beating Chayan Bhattacharya of the Indian National Congress by a margin of 1,098 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biswa Bandhu Sen in Tripura Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/tripura/biswa-bandhu-sen-dharmanagar-candidate-s23a056c005/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Tripura Election Result 2023: BJP wins 32 seats, Tipra Motha bags 13 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/tripura-election-result-2023-live-vote-counting-updates-bjp-ipft-congress-alliances-tipra-motha-cpim-2341430-2023-03-02 |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Tripura Assembly election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
Sen died from complications of a brain haemorrhage on 26 December 2025, at the age of 72.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tripurainfo.com/EnglishNews.aspx?intnid=4477|title=Tripura Assembly Speaker Biswabandhu Sen Passes Away After Prolonged Illness|website=tripurainfo DOT com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Electoral performance ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Election !! Constituency !! colspan="2"|Party !! Result !! Votes % !! Opposition Candidate !! colspan="2"|Opposition Party !! Opposition vote %|| Ref<br />
|-<br />
|[[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]]||[[Dharmanagar Assembly constituency|Dharmanagar]]||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||{{Won}}||49.35%||Chayan Bhattacharya||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||46.45%||<ref>{{cite news |date=2 March 2023 |title=Tripura Assembly election results 2023: Check full list of winners |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220141112/https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |archive-date=20 December 2023}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2018]]||[[Dharmanagar Assembly constituency|Dharmanagar]]||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||{{Won}}||57.21%||Abhijit De||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||37.69%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2018 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228163855/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2013]]||[[Dharmanagar Assembly constituency|Dharmanagar]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||{{Won}}||50.99%||Amitabha Datta||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||45.77%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2013 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165655/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]]||[[Dharmanagar Assembly constituency|Dharmanagar]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||{{Won}}||51.65%||Amitabha Datta||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||43.86%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sen, Biswa Bandhu}}<br />
[[Category:1953 births]]<br />
[[Category:2025 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from North Tripura district]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Tripura]]<br />
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2018–2023]]<br />
[[Category:Deputy speakers of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]<br />
[[Category:Speakers of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
{{Tripura-politician-stub}}</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Noksen_Assembly_constituency&diff=522407Noksen Assembly constituency2026-04-16T04:42:26Z<p>KandacePolding: starting new stub - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| map_image = Noksen Assembly constituency map.svg<br />
| name = Noksen<br />
| state = [[Nagaland]]<br />
| district = [[Tuensang district|Tuensang]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]<br />
| established = 1974<br />
| constituency_no = 51<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| reservation = ST<br />
| mla = [[Y. Lima Onen Chang]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:12455}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Noksen''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=NAGALAND LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/vvpats-to-be-used-on-largescale-for-1st-time-in-mizoram-polls/|title=VVPATs to be used on large-scale for 1st time in Mizoram polls|date=7 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/assembly/vvpat-to-be-used-in-ten-assembly-constituencies-in-aizawl-city-540140|title=VVPAT to be used in ten Assembly constituencies in Aizawl city|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> It is part of [[Tuensang district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/Press_Release2013.aspx|title=Bye-election from 51-Noksen (ST) Assembly Constituency to Nagaland Legislative Assembly – Use of Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) system for the first time by the Commission in Elections – regarding.}}</ref><br />
<br />
It was the first assembly seat in India, where [[Voter-verified paper audit trail]] (VVPAT) system was first used with [[Indian voting machines|EVM]]s in a by-poll in September 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/|title=Business News Today: Read Latest Business news, India Business News Live, Share Market & Economy News|website=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/ec-to-use-vvpt-in-nagaland-bypoll/article5030749.ece|title=EC to use VVPT in Nagaland by-poll|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 August 2013|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> In October 2013, [[Supreme Court of India]] gave a landmark judgement directing [[Election Commission of India]] to use VVPAT system for vote validation in phased manner in all subsequent elections in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/outtoday/9093.pdf|title=Supreme Court judgement on VVPAT and EVM|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231056/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/outtoday/9093.pdf|archivedate=2016-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/hlvqLXrcOR3jcrejulwz2I/Vote-and-get-a-receipt.html|title=Generate printed receipt for every vote polled, SC tells EC|date=8 October 2013|website=mint}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/india/bring-paper-trail-to-evms-for-free-fair-accurate-voting-sc |title=Bring paper trail to EVMs for free, fair, accurate voting: SC |date= |author= |access-date= 21 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/ec-to-introduce-paper-trail-of-vote-in-nagaland-bypoll/story-QnHlHz0zVV6cAkvvUUPmsM.html|title=EC to introduce paper trail of vote in Nagaland bypoll|date=17 August 2013|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1974]]<br />
|I. L. Chingmak<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Nagaland Nationalist Organisation}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|rowspan=4|C. Chongshen<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=8}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<br />
|rowspan=4|H. Chuba Chang<br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]] <br />
| rowspan="3" | [[C. M. Chang]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Nagaland Peoples Front|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|September 2013{{note|by-election}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]] <br />
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|[[H. Chuba Chang]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]] <br />
| [[Y. Lima Onen Chang]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
=== 2023 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Noksen<ref>{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042608/https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |archive-date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Y. Lima Onen Chang]] |party=Republican Party of India (Athawale) |votes=5,151 |percentage=50.73% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[H. Chuba Chang]]|party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|votes=4,963|percentage=48.88%|change=4.77%}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=39|percentage=0.38%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=188 |percentage=1.85% |change=-3.88% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=10,153|percentage=81.52%|change=-4.85%}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,455 |change =6.97% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Republican Party of India (Athawale) |loser=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |swing= 6.62% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 2021 Assembly by-election ===<br />
[[H. Chuba Chang]] of the [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]] was declared the winner unopposed, on 3 April 2020 since he was the only candidate to file his nomination papers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insidene.com/chuba-chang-elected-unopposed-as-nagalands-noksen-mla/ |title=Chuba Chang elected unopposed as Nagaland's Noksen MLA - INSIDE NE |date=2 April 2021 |author=Imtiaz Ahmed |access-date= 19 February 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2018 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Noksen<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3652-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2018/?do=download&r=8575&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=0b619cd94134dd7b05162acdebe1ba9f|title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2018 - Nagaland - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |date= |author= |accessdate= December 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[C. M. Chang]] |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=4,436 |percentage=44.11% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=W. Chingmak Chang |party=Naga People's Front |votes=3,860 |percentage=38.39% |change=-10.64% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=I. Noksenlemba |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,008 |percentage=10.02% |change=-0.99% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. K. Mangyangpula Chang |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=725 |percentage=7.21% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=27 |percentage=0.27% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=576 |percentage=5.73% |change=-3.83% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,056 |percentage=86.37% |change= -8.16% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,643 |change =-3.68% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -4.91% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2013 Assembly by-election===<br />
The by-elections happened on 4 September 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/16_aug_2013Press%20Note.pdf|title=Noksen Election Commission release}}</ref> The polling percentage was 70.3. Noksen constituency has 12,074 voters, including 6,142 men and 5,832 women, with 21 polling stations spread over 19 villages.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/nagaland-first-to-use-vvpat-device-for-voting-113090401142_1.html|title=Nagaland first to use VVPAT device for voting|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=4 September 2013|via=Business Standard|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/473723-india-devises-flawless-ballot-mechanism|title=India devises flawless ballot mechanism|website=www.thenews.com.pk|access-date=10 July 2021|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225053023/https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/473723-india-devises-flawless-ballot-mechanism|url-status=dead}}</ref> 42 VVPAT machines were used during the by-election. Congress fielded Lima Onen Chang as its candidate for the by-poll. C M Chang won the by-election by a margin of 2,863 votes. Chang has to vacate his assembly seat earlier to remain as Lok Sabha MP till the by-election is held for Noksen to avoid parliamentary by-election in Nagaland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/naga-peoples-front-wins-bypoll-to-noksen-seat/articleshow/22406583.cms|title=Lima Onen Chang: Naga People's Front wins bypoll to Noksen seat &#124; Guwahati News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|Nagaland assembly by-elections, 2013]]: Noksen<ref>[http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/cm-chang-one-man-one-vote-wins/ Nagaland Assembly by-Election 2013]</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Naga People's Front<br />
|candidate = [[C. M. Chang]]<br />
|votes = 5708<br />
|percentage = 49.27<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Lima Onen Chang<br />
|votes = 2845<br />
|percentage = 29.66<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2013 Assembly election ===<br />
[[C. M. Chang]] of [[Nagaland People's Front]] was elected as MLA from Noksen(ST) seat in February 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/ECI_Main/Elec_Results2013/Nagaland/51-Noksen.pdf|title=Declaration of result}}</ref> The by-election to Noksen assembly constituency was necessitated following resignation of Minister for School Education [[C. M. Chang]] on 14 March 2013.<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Noksen<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[C. M. Chang]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=5,602 |percentage=49.02% |change=17.10% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lima Onen Chang |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=4,510 |percentage=39.47% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[H. Chuba Chang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,259 |percentage=11.02% |change=-21.82% }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,092 |percentage=9.56% |change=8.64% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,427 |percentage=94.53% |change= 16.75% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,088 |change =3.33% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 16.19% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2008 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Noksen<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[H. Chuba Chang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,988 |percentage=32.84% |change=-23.33% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[C. M. Chang]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=2,905 |percentage=31.92% |change=-11.91% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Changlemba |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=1,741 |percentage=19.13% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Y. Lima |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,546 |percentage=16.99% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=83 |percentage=0.91% |change=-11.42% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,100 |percentage=78.47% |change= -21.03% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,699 |change =44.88% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -23.33% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 2003 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Noksen<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[H. Chuba Chang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,478 |percentage=56.16% |change=-13.21% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[C. M. Chang]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=3,495 |percentage=43.84% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=983 |percentage=12.33% |change=-26.43% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,973 |percentage=98.81% |change= 0.23% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,075 |change =19.08% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 1.19% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1998 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Noksen<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128160926/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 9th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 1998 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[H. Chuba Chang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,624 |percentage=69.38% |change=14.40% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nokshang |party=Independent politician |votes=2,041 |percentage=30.62% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,583 |percentage=38.75% |change=28.80% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,665 |percentage=98.58% |change= 3.70% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,781 |change =23.40% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 14.40% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1993 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Noksen}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[H. Chuba Chang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,838 |percentage=54.98% |change=-31.18% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Chongshen Chang |party=Naga People's Front |votes=2,324 |percentage=45.02% |change=31.18% }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=514 |percentage=9.96% |change=-62.36% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,162 |percentage=94.89% |change= -2.76% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,495 |change =20.00% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -31.18% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1989 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Noksen}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Chongshen Chang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,809 |percentage=86.16% |change=35.57% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Sao Chang |party=Naga People's Front |votes=612 |percentage=13.84% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,197 |percentage=72.31% |change=52.71% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,421 |percentage=97.64% |change= 2.65% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,579 |change =0.97% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 35.57% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1987 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Noksen}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Chongshen Chang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,144 |percentage=50.59% |change=0.53% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[H. Chuba Chang]] |party=Independent politician |votes=1,313 |percentage=30.98% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Sao Chang |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=781 |percentage=18.43% |change=-6.28% }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=831 |percentage=19.61% |change=-5.22% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,238 |percentage=94.99% |change= 12.80% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,535 |change =-28.14% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 0.53% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1982 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Noksen}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Chongshen Chang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,569 |percentage=50.06% |change=3.69% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=I. L. Ghingmak |party=Independent politician |votes=1,295 |percentage=25.23% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. P. Nokshang Chang |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=1,268 |percentage=24.71% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,274 |percentage=24.82% |change=10.75% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,132 |percentage=82.19% |change= -10.65% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,311 |change =39.04% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 3.69% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1977 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Noksen}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Chongshen Chang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,918 |percentage=46.37% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=I. L. Chingmak |party=Independent politician |votes=1,336 |percentage=32.30% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Nokshang |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=863 |percentage=20.87% |change=20.31% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=L. N. Somba |party=Independent politician |votes=19 |percentage=0.46% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=582 |percentage=14.07% |change=-8.10% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,136 |percentage=92.84% |change= 0.78% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,539 |change =3.84% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |swing= -14.44% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1974 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Noksen}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=I. L. Chingmak |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=2,416 |percentage=60.81% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chungshen Chang |party=Independent politician |votes=1,535 |percentage=38.64% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Imti Hopong |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=22 |percentage=0.55% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=881 |percentage=22.17% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,973 |percentage=92.06% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,371 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]<br />
*[[Tuensang district]]<br />
* [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)]]<br />
* [[Mokokchung]]<br />
* [[2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
* [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|26|32|00|N|94|50|00|E|region:IN-NL|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tuensang district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1974]]<br />
[[Category:1974 establishments in Nagaland]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanjur_Marg_railway_station&diff=508235Kanjur Marg railway station2026-04-15T14:17:11Z<p>KandacePolding: Started new article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Railway Station in Maharashtra, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=October 2011}}<br />
{{Infobox station<br />
| name = Kanjur Marg railway station<br />
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] and [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] station<br />
| style = Indian Railways<br />
| image = Kanjurmarg railway station.jpg<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| address = <br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|19.1283|72.9275|region:IN_type:railwaystation|display=inline}}<br />
| line = [[Central Line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Central Line]]<br />
| other = {{rint|Mumbai|m}} {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|Pink|croute}} [[Kanjurmarg (West) metro station|Kanjurmarg (West)]]<br />
| structure = On ground<br />
| platform = 2<br />
| elevation = {{convert|5.59|m|ft}}<br />
| levels = <br />
| tracks = 6<br />
| parking = No<br />
| bicycle = No<br />
| opened = 26 January 1968<br />
| closed = <br />
| rebuilt = <br />
| electrified = Yes<br />
| accessible = <br />
| code = KJRD<br />
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Indian Railways]]<br />
| zone = [[Central Railways]]<br />
| former = <br />
| status = Active<br />
| passengers = <br />
| pass_year = <br />
| pass_percent = <br />
| pass_system = <br />
| mpassengers = <br />
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Mumbai Suburban Railway|line=Central|left=Vikhroli|right=Bhandup}}<br />
| map_type = India#Maharashtra#Mumbai<br />
| map_dot_label = Kanjur Marg<br />
| route_map = {{MSR Central line}}<br />
| map_state = collapsed<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kanjur Marg''' (Marathi pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[kaɲd͡zuɾmaːɾɡ]]], (station code: '''KJRD''')) is a railway station on the Central line of the [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] network. ''Kanjur Marg station'' is the main access point for [[IIT Bombay]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Institute of Technology Bombay {{!}} IIT Bombay |url=https://www.iitb.ac.in/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=www.iitb.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About IIT Bombay {{!}} Indian Institute of Technology Bombay |url=https://www.iitb.ac.in/en/about-iit-bombay |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=www.iitb.ac.in}}</ref> [[Kendriya Vidyalaya, IIT Powai|KV IIT Powai]], [[NITIE]], [[Hiranandani Gardens]] and other locations in [[Powai]]. The station was opened on 26 January 1968<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timeline of Mumbai Suburban Railway (Central Railway) |url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/mumbai-cr-suburban-timeline.html |website=Indian Railways Fan Club (IRFCA) |access-date=2025-08-17}}</ref> and it is named after the local Kanjur village. It is the closest railway station to [[Powai]] which is not served by trains.<br />
<br />
Kanjur Marg station is currently undergoing construction as part of the Amrit Bharat scheme,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-04 |title=Amrit Bharat Station Scheme: Indian Railways to redevelop 15 railway stations over Mumbai Division – Check full lists of stations |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-amrit-bharat-station-scheme-indian-railways-to-redevelop-15-railway-stations-over-mumbai-division-check-full-lists-of-stations-3199078/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Financial Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amrit Bharat Station Scheme: 3 Mumbai Stations To Be Redeveloped |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/amrit-bharat-station-scheme-3-mumbai-stations-to-be-redeveloped |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-03 |title=Redevelopment of Mumbai railway stations to surge ahead |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/redevelopment-of-mumbai-railway-stations-to-surge-ahead-23278790 |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> a government initiative to enhance railway infrastructure. Despite the ongoing construction, the station remains operational, and there have been no reported delays in train services new Ticket counter has been made.<br />
<br />
== Platforms ==<br />
There are 2 platforms on Kanjur Marg station,<br />
<br />
* Platforms No. 1 and 1A are for [[Mumbai Suburban Railway|locals]] going towards [[Kasara railway station|Kasara]] or [[Khopoli railway station|Khopoli]]<br />
* Platform No. 2 is for [[Mumbai Suburban Railway|locals]] going towards [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|CSMT]]<br />
<br />
<gallery widths="150px" heights="125px"><br />
Kanjur Marg Station Banner.jpg|Kanjur Marg station Banner<br />
Kanjurmarg railway station - platformboard.jpg|Kanjur Marg railway station - platformboard<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{commons category|Kanjurmarg railway station}}<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Mumbai - Suburban Railway, Central}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1968]]<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Mumbai Suburban district]]<br />
[[Category:Mumbai Suburban Railway stations]]<br />
[[Category:Mumbai CR railway division]]<br />
<br />
{{Maharashtra-railstation-stub}}</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s_Hill_Assembly_constituency&diff=537361St. John's Hill Assembly constituency2026-04-14T03:34:32Z<p>KandacePolding: bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Former constituency in Karnataka, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = St. John's Hill<br />
| state = [[Mysore State|Mysore]]<br />
| constituency_no = <br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| district = [[Bangalore district|Bangalore]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore North]]<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| abolished = 1956<br />
| electors = <!-- number of electors at last election. Add a ref --><br />
| reservation = <br />
| mla = <br />
| party = <br />
| latest_election_year = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''St. John's Hill Assembly constituency''' was one of the [[State legislative assemblies of India|legislative assembly]] seats in the state assembly of [[Mysore State|Mysore]], in India. It was part of [[Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="delimitation1952">{{cite web |date=1952 |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1956 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |access-date=13 October 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1952 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|1952]]|| V. M. Mascarenhas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
<br />
=== 1952 ===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Mysore Legislative Assembly election]] : St. John's Hill <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007130946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = V. M. Mascarenhas |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 7,870 |percentage = 42.62% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Abdur Rahman |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,745 |percentage = 25.70% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. A. Amalorpavam |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,383 |percentage = 12.91% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. R. Nagappa |party = Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes = 1,547 |percentage = 8.38% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. A. H. Siddiqui |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 1,018 |percentage = 5.51% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = I. Maridas |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 902 |percentage = 4.88% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,125 |percentage = 16.92% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 18,465 |percentage = 45.46% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 18,465}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 40,616 |ref = |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}<br />
{{coord|12.991731|77.613025|display=title}}<br />
<br />
{{India-election-stub}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint John's Hill Assembly constituency}}<br />
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Bengaluru Urban district]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1956]]<br />
[[Category:1956 disestablishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Bengaluru]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhagalpur_Assembly_constituency&diff=490642Bhagalpur Assembly constituency2026-04-14T03:18:35Z<p>KandacePolding: put up some entry added tags...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Bihar}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Bhagalpur<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhagalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bhagalpur]]<br />
| map_image = 156-Bhagalpur constituency.svg<br />
| state = [[Bihar]]<br />
| constituency_no = 156<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| district = [[Bhagalpur district|Bhagalpur]]<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| mla = [[Rohit Pandey]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Bhagalpur''' is one of 243 constituencies of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly of Bihar]]. It is a part of [[Bhagalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhagalpur]] Lok Sabha constituency along with other assembly constituencies viz. Gopalpur, Pirpainti, Kahalgaon, Bihpur and Nathnagar.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> In the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], Bhagalpur will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines.<ref name="election2043">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/36-seats-in-bihar-to-have-electronic-voting-machines-with-paper-trail-facility-1204308|title=36 Seats in Bihar to Have Electronic Voting Machines With Paper Trail Facility}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/poll-bound-bihar-to-get-36-evms-with-paper-trail-facility/|title=Poll-bound Bihar to get 36 EVMs with paper trail facility}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Bhagalpur comprises Bhagalpur (Municipal Corporation) of Jagdishpur CD Block.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2013-12-20 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |Satendra Narain Agrawal<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |Vijay Kumar Mitra<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Shiv Chandra Jha<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br />
|Vijay Kumar Mitra<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br />
| rowspan="5" |[[Ashwini Kumar Choubey]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]<br />
|-<br />
|2014^<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Ajit Sharma]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]<br />
| rowspan="1" |[[Rohit Pandey]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=1}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
^by-election<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== 2025 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhagalpur<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Bhagalpur">{{cite news|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04156.htm|title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Bhagalpur|date=14 November 2025|work=|access-date=15 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251216063926/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04156.htm|archive-date=16 December 2025|publisher=Election Commission of India|language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Rohit Pandey]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:100770}}<br />
|percentage = 51.11<br />
|change = {{increase}}11.28<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Ajit Sharma]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:87296}}|percentage=44.28|change={{increase}}3.76}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Abhay Kant Jha|party=Jan Suraaj Party|votes={{formatnum:3251}}|percentage=1.65|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|votes={{formatnum:1974}}|percentage=1.0|change={{increase}}0.32}}<br />
{{Election box majority|votes={{formatnum:13474}}|percentage=6.83|change={{increase}}6.14}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes={{formatnum:197146}}|percentage=57.21|change={{increase}}8.78}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
| <br />
|winner = Bhartiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2020 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhagalpur<ref name=election2020>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12787-bihar-legislative-election-2020 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=11 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[Ajit Sharma]]<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:65502}}<br />
|percentage = 40.52<br />
|change = {{decrease}}5.72<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Rohit Pandey]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:64389}}|percentage=39.83|change={{increase}}0.58}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rajesh Verma|party=Lok Janshakti Party|votes={{formatnum:20523}}|percentage=12.69|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Bijay Prasad Sah|votes={{formatnum:3292}}|percentage=2.04|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Rashtriya Lok Samta Party|candidate=Syed Shah Ali Sajjad Alam|votes={{formatnum:2743}}|percentage=1.7|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|votes={{formatnum:1103}}|percentage=0.68|change={{decrease}}0.96}}<br />
{{Election box majority|votes={{formatnum:1113}}|percentage=0.69|change={{decrease}}6.3}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes={{formatnum:161673}}|percentage=48.43|change={{increase}}0.26}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
| <br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2015 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2015 Bihar legislative assembly election]]: Bhagalpur<ref name=election2015>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3904-bihar-2015/ |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2015 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=11 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[Ajit Sharma]]<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:70514}}<br />
|percentage = 46.24<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Arjit Shashwat Choubey<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:59856}}<br />
|percentage = 39.25<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Bijay Pd. Sah<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:15212}}<br />
|percentage = 9.97<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2500}}<br />
|percentage = 1.64<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:10658}}<br />
|percentage = 6.99<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:152511}}<br />
|percentage = 48.17<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
| <br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
===2014 bypoll===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=By-Election, 2014: Bhagalpur}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Ajit Sharma]]<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 63,753<br />
|percentage = 55.50<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Nabhay Kumar Chaudhary<br />
|votes = 46,524<br />
|percentage = 40.50<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Mukesh Kumar Das<br />
|party = Communist Party of India<br />
|votes = 1,026<br />
|percentage = 0.89<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Khursheed<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|votes = 970<br />
|percentage = 0.84<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = None of the Above<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = 1,187<br />
|percentage = 1.03<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 17,229<br />
|percentage = 15.00<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,14,859<br />
|percentage = 36.81<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===2010===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2010 Bihar legislative assembly election]]: Bhagalpur<ref name=election2010>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3903-bihar-2010/ |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2010 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=11 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|candidate = Ashwini Kumar Choubey<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 49,164<br />
|percentage = 42.03<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|candidate = Ajit Sharma<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 38,104<br />
|percentage = 32.57<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|candidate = Dr. N. K. Yadav<br />
|party = Lok Janshakti Party<br />
|votes = 19,479<br />
|percentage = 16.65<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|candidate = Shekhar Mehtar<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 2,535<br />
|percentage = 2.17<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|candidate = Jajweer Quasmi<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|votes = 2,007<br />
|percentage = 1.72<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
| <br />
|votes = 11,060<br />
|percentage = 9.46<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
| <br />
|votes = 1,16,987<br />
|percentage = 42.97<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
| <br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}<br />
{{coords|25.25|86.99|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Politics of Bhagalpur district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurjot_Singh&diff=501523Gurjot Singh2026-04-13T06:24:24Z<p>KandacePolding: put up new biography</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian field hockey player (born 2004)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox field hockey player<br />
| name = Gurjot Singh<br />
| image = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2004|10|10|df=y}} <br />
| birth_place = [[Husainabad, Jalandhar|Husainabad]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<br />
| position = Forward<br />
| currentclub = Hockey Punjab<br />
| clubs1 = Roundglass Punjab Club<br />
| years1 = <br />
| clubs2 = Hockey Punjab<br />
| years2 = <br />
| nationalyears1 = 2023–2025<br />
| nationalteam1 = [[India men's national under-21 field hockey team|India U21]]<br />
| nationalcaps1 = 29<br />
| nationalgoals1 = 8<br />
| nationalyears2 = 2024–<br />
| nationalteam2 = [[India men's national field hockey team|India]]<br />
| nationalcaps2 = 7<br />
| nationalgoals2 = 0<br />
| medaltemplates = <br />
{{MedalSport|Men's [[field hockey]]}}<br />
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Asian Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Gold|[[2024 Men's Asian Champions Trophy|2024 Hulunbuir]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup|Junior World Cup]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2025 Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup|2025 Tamil Nadu]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|Junior Asia Cup]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Gold|[[2023 Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|2023 Salalah]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Gold|[[2024 Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|2024 Muscat]]}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Gurjot Singh''' (born 22 November 2004) is an Indian [[field hockey]] player.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gurjot Singh - Hockey India |url=https://hockeyindia.org/players/gurjot-singh-profile-5702 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=hockeyindia.org}}</ref> He made his [[India men's national field hockey team|senior India]] debut in the [[2024 Men's Asian Champions Trophy|2024 Asian Champions Trophy]]. He plays as a forward for the Roundglass Hockey Academy, a Punjab Club, in the domestic tournaments and for [[UP Rudras]] in the [[Hockey India League]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-15 |title=Hockey India League Players' Auction: Full list of squads of eight men's teams |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/hockey-india-league-players-auction-full-list-of-squads-of-eight-mens-teams/articleshow/114233146.cms |access-date=2025-01-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-10-13 |title=Hockey India League Auction 2024: Full list of sold and unsold players |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/hockey-india-league-auction-2024-sold-unsold-players-price-complete-hil-2024-teams-news/article68748455.ece |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Singh is from [[Husainabad, Jalandhar|Husainabad]], Nakodar tehsil, [[Jalandhar district]], Punjab. His father used to work as a milkman for a vendor and he has two sisters. He used to cycle to his school in Sarinh, about 4 km away from his village. When he was 10, while cycling back from school, he was hit by a bike and suffered a serious head injury.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Unnikrishnan |first=Dilip |date=2024-09-20 |title=Hockey: Gurjot Singh carves his own path from Hussainabad to the Indian national team |url=https://scroll.in/field/1073494/hockey-gurjot-singh-carves-his-own-path-from-hussainabad-to-the-indian-national-team |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> He took up hockey in Class 7 and played at a club in [[Sarih, Jalandhar|Sarinh]] till Class 12. Later, during the COVID pandemic, he worked in a shoe factory as a packaging boy to support his family. In 2021, he was selected for the Khalsa College team and after a brief stint, he joined Roundglass academy in July 2021, and trained under coach Balwinder Singh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four Players from Roundglass Hockey Academy Picked in the Hockey India League Auction |url=https://www.punjabnewsexpress.com/news/news/four-players-from-roundglass-hockey-academy-picked-in-the-hockey-india-league-auction-266207 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.punjabnewsexpress.com}}</ref> He is studying for a degree in Bachelor of Physical Education.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-13 |title=Survived near-fatal head injury, worked in a 'chappal' factory, now playing hockey for India: Gurjot Singh is pure steel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/survived-near-fatal-head-injury-worked-in-a-chappal-factory-now-playing-hockey-for-india-gurjot-singh-is-pure-steel/articleshow/113308622.cms |access-date=2025-01-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Singh polished his game at the Roundglass academy and within two years made his junior India debut in the [[2023 Sultan of Johor Cup]], where India won a bronze. He played again in the [[2024 Sultan of Johor Cup]] and ended up with another bronze medal. In 2023, he played in the men’s [[Hockey 5s]] Asia Cup at Salalah, Oman, won by India. He was also part of the [[FIH Men's Hockey5s World Cup|FIH men’s Hockey 5s World Cup]] in 2024 at Oman where India finished fifth.<ref>{{Cite web |title="It was a dream debut for me at the Asian Champions Trophy": Indian hockey player Gurjot Singh |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/hockey/it-was-a-dream-debut-for-me-at-the-asian-champions-trophy-indian-hockey-player-gurjot-singh20240926175419/ |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> He was selected for the senior India team in September 2024 which won the [[2024 Men's Asian Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]] at [[Hulunbuir]], China.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Gurjot}}<br />
[[Category:2004 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]<br />
[[Category:Men's field hockey forwards]]<br />
[[Category:Field hockey players from Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Hockey India League players]]<br />
[[Category:Sportspeople from Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satta_Panchayat_Iyakkam&diff=533513Satta Panchayat Iyakkam2026-04-12T04:23:30Z<p>KandacePolding: done!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br />
<br />
{{Multiple issues|{{Orphan|date=January 2018}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{more footnotes needed|date=September 2021}}}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
| name = Satta panchayat Iyakkam<br />
| formation = 2015<br />
| founder = Siva Elango, Senthil Arumugam<br />
| founding_location = Chennai, Tamil Nadu<br />
| purpose = Promote the rule-of-law, anti-corruption, liquor prohibition and good governance<br />
| location = India<br />
| key_people = Siva Elango, Senthil Arumugam<br />
| website = https://www.sattapanchayat.org/<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Satta panchayat Iyakkam''' ('''SPI''') is a social organisation founded in 2013 in [[Chennai]], India, which campaigns against [[corruption]] and in favour of [[Prohibition|liquor prohibition]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sattapanchayat.org/|title=- Satta Panchayat Iyakkam|website=Sattapanchayat.org|accessdate=17 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/satta-panchayat-iyakkams-campaign-for-total-prohibition-gains-momentum/article7501168.ece|title=Satta Panchayat Iyakkam's campaign for total prohibition gains momentum|first=Syed Muthahar|last=Saqaf|date=5 August 2015|accessdate=17 August 2018|website=Thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Call-for-liquor-ban-in-TN-Satta-Panchayat-Iyakkam-gauging-public-opinion/articleshow/48685961.cms|title=Call for liquor ban in TN: Satta Panchayat Iyakkam gauging public opinion |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=17 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Revenue-From-Liquor-Sales-is-a-Shame-Says-Satta-Panchayat/2014/08/27/article2399545.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008102700/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Revenue-From-Liquor-Sales-is-a-Shame-Says-Satta-Panchayat/2014/08/27/article2399545.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2014|title=Revenue From Liquor Sales is a Shame, Says Satta Panchayat|website=Newindianexpress.com|accessdate=17 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150108/nation-current-affairs/article/rti-activist-refuses-stand-held|title=RTI activist refuses to stand, held|date=8 January 2015|website=Deccanchronicle.com|access-date=17 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
SPI runs a [[call centre]] to help the people of [[Tamil Nadu]] obtain Government services without corruption and [[bribery]]. The SPI call centre also provides assistance and advice related to government procedures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sattam.org/oldsite/sattapanchayat/eng-ver.html|title=SATTA PANCHAYAT IYAKKAM|website=Sattam.org|accessdate=17 August 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118162305/http://www.sattam.org/oldsite/sattapanchayat/eng-ver.html|archive-date=18 November 2018}}</ref> SPI handled over 100,000 calls from 2019 to 2021. Every Saturday, the members meet for a camp organized by the organization where retired government officials and lawyers offer administrative and legal assistance, steered by the [[Treasurer]], Srinivasan, and a retired Deputy Collector.<br />
<br />
SPI filed a PIL to force Village Administrative Officers (VAOs) to remain in their villages and serve the people, rather than visiting only occasionally. The [[Chennai High court]] made it mandatory for all VAOs to stay in their respective villages, though many did not comply with this ruling. SPI continues to campaign on this issue, and filed a PIL to enact the "Right to Services Act" to ensure time-bound service delivery from government officials.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}<br />
<br />
SPI has been campaigning against liquor since its formation, via public outreach and the organization of protests in front of liquor shops.<br />
<br />
"Urimai Kural" is a program run by the organization to educate citizens about their rights and be able to file RTI.<br />
<br />
Executives Senthil Arumugam, Siva Elango and Jai Ganesh lead SPI activities as full-time staff. SPI wings include Research, Technical, Design, Women, and Student wings to enable the organisation's functioning. SPI has a significant presence in Chennai, [[Madurai]], [[Nellai]], [[Erode]], and [[Villupuram]] districts.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Organisations based in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:2013 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Organizations established in 2013]]<br />
[[Category:Prohibition in India]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dawlat_(film)&diff=495779Dawlat (film)2026-04-07T00:14:47Z<p>KandacePolding: put up article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1949 film by Sohrab Modi}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Dawlat<br />
| image = Dawlat.jpeg<br />
<br />
| caption = <br />
| director = [[Sohrab Modi]]<br />
| producer = Minerva Movietone<br />
| writer = <br />
| screenplay = <br />
| narrator = <br />
| story = P. K. Atre<br />
| based_on = <br />
| starring = [[Madhubala]]<br />[[Mahipal]]<br />[[Jankidas]]<br />
| music = Hanuman Prasad<br />
| cinematography = Y. D. Sarpotdar<br />
| editing = <br />
| studio = <br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|1949|04|01}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Dawlat''''' ({{Translation|"Money"}}) is a [[Bollywood films of 1949|1949]] [[India]]n [[comedy]] [[Cinema of India|film]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dawlat (1949) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dawlat-1622|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203111637/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dawlat-1622|url-status=live|archive-date=3 December 2020|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Cinestaan}}</ref> directed by [[Sohrab Modi]], produced by Minerva Movietone and starring [[Madhubala]] and [[Mahipal (actor)|Mahipal]] in lead roles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Dawlat (1949) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dawlat-1622/cast-crew|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Cinestaan}}</ref> The music for the film was composed by Hanuman Prasad. It revolves around a young man trying to impress a rich father in order to marry his beautiful daughter.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
''Daulat'' was the first time Madhubala was cast in a lead role, but the film, which began filming in 1947, was not completed until 1949, by which a number of her films in starring roles had been already released. Released on 1 April 1949, ''Daulat'' failed commercially and received criticism for its direction and story. No print of the film is known to survive today, thereby making it a [[lost film]].<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
An old wealthy man ([[Jankidas]]), who lives with his wife and young and beautiful daughter Nirmala ([[Madhubala]]), does not allow any other man to enter his house. He thinks that Nirmala's beauty would attract the man. On the other hand, Nirmala has too many suitors, one of them being Suresh ([[Mahipal (actor)|Mahipal]]). She is in love with Suresh, and so is he. When meeting her father to ask for Nirmala's hand for marriage, he ends up creating a bad impression in front of him. The rest of the film revolves around how Suresh tries to please Nirmala's father, which leads to hilarious situations.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*[[Madhubala]] as Nirmala{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}<br />
*[[Mahipal (actor)|Mahipal]] as Suresh<br />
*[[Jankidas]] as Mr. Sinha<br />
*[[Leela Mishra]] as Mrs. Sinha<br />
*Ghulam Hussain<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
''Daulat'' was the first time Madhubala was cast in a lead role in a film. Although she failed her auditions, she secured the role after director [[Sohrab Modi]] and Jankidas found her sobbing in a train to [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blast from the past|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2021/aug/17/blast-from-the-past-2345604.html|access-date=2021-09-11|website=The New Indian Express|date=17 August 2021 }}</ref> The filming began in 1947, but was not finished until April 1949.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h_wpAAAAYAAJ|title=The Women of Punjab|date=1983|publisher=Chic Publications|pages=54|language=en}}</ref> In the meantime, Madhubala acted in a number of films as the leading lady, including [[Kidar Sharma]]'s ''[[Neel Kamal (1947 film)|Neel Kamal]]'' (1947) and K. B. Lall's ''[[Lal Dupatta]]'' (1948).<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
The music director was Hanuman Prasad and playback singing was given by [[Zohrabai Ambalewali]], Shankardas Gupta and Lalita Deulkar.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!#<br />
!Song<br />
!Singer<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|"Tum Ek Nazar Dekh Chule"<br />
|[[Zohrabai Ambalewali]], Shankardas Gupta<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|"Hai Kahani Preet Ki"<br />
|Lalita Deulkar, Zohrabai Ambalwali<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|"Mohabbat Ki Sabha Mein"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|"Rangeeli Dulhan, Sharmeeli Dulhan"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|"Zara Pucho Pucho Shararat"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|"Dil Kha Kar Chot Judaai Ki"<br />
|Zohrabai Ambalewali<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|"Main Jaa Na Saku"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|"Prem Nagar Ke Governor"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|"Thandi Hawa Ka Jhokha Aaya"<br />
|Zohrabai Ambalewali<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
''Daulat'' was a commercial failure and badly received by critics. In ''[[filmindia]]'''s review, [[Baburao Patel]] titled it as "A Damn Idiotic Picture". Patel wrote, "The whole picture is a criminal waste of celluloid with everything from the story to direction down to acting being of third class standard." He said the Modi has a "crude and peculiar taste of comedy", and Madhubala is cast in a role in which she has "got nothing to do."<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/filmindia194915unse|title=Daulat (1949) - Review|date=1949|publisher=Bombay|others=New York The Museum of Modern Art Library}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|0140937|Daulat}}<br />
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{{Sohrab Modi}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawlat (film)}}<br />
[[Category:1949 films]]<br />
[[Category:1949 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1949 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1940s lost films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Sohrab Modi]]<br />
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br />
[[Category:Lost Indian films]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kali&diff=547262Kali2026-03-30T07:18:47Z<p>KandacePolding: minor refined details as per guidelines also and added references after review</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Major deity in Indian religions symbolizing power, time, and death}}<br />
{{about|the form of [[Mahadevi]]|the Supreme goddess of time and death |Mahakali|the auspicious form of the goddess|Bhadrakali|the malevolent entity in Hinduism|Kali (demon)|other uses|Kali (disambiguation)}}<br />
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{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox deity<!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology--><br />
| type = Hindu<br />
| name = Kali<br />
| deity_of = Goddess of Time, Death and Destruction<br />
| abode = [[Shmashana Adhipati|Cremation ground]]s, [[Battlefield]]s (varies by interpretation), [[Manidvipa|Maṇidvīpa]]<br />
| consort = [[Shiva]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Wendy Doniger|title=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Merriam-Webster|isbn=978-0-87779-044-0|page=629}}</ref><br />
| mantra = *''oṁ jayantī maṅgalā kālī<br />bhadrakālī kapālinī<br />durgā śivā kṣamā dhātrī<br />svāhā svadhā namo'stute''<br />
*''oṁ kālī kālī mahākālī<br />kālike parameśvari<br />sarvānandakare devī nārāyaṇi namo'stute''<br />
*''oṁ krīṃ kālīkāyai namaḥ''<br />
| weapon = [[Scimitar]], [[Trishula]] ([[Trident]])<br />
| image = Kali by Raja Ravi Varma.jpg<br />
| festivals = {{hlist|[[Kali Puja]]|[[Navaratri|Seventh day of Navaratri]]|[[Kali Chaudas]]}}<br />
| caption = ''Kali'' by [[Raja Ravi Varma]]<br />
| affiliation = {{hlist|[[Shakti]]|[[Mahadevi]]|[[Durga]]|[[Parvati]]|[[Mahakali]]|[[Mahavidyas]]}}<br />
| gender = Female<br />
| member_of = The Ten [[Mahavidyas]]<br />
| day = Tuesday and Friday<br />
| texts = [[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]], [[Devi Mahatmya]], [[Kalika Purana]], [[Shakta Upanishads]], [[Tantra]]s<br />
| mount = [[Jackal]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Hinduism}}<br />
{{Saktism}}<br />
<br />
'''Kali''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑː|l|iː}}; {{langx|sa|काली}}, {{IAST3|Kālī}}), also called '''Kalika''', is a major [[Devi|goddess]] in [[Hinduism]], primarily associated with time, death, and destruction. Kali is also connected with transcendental knowledge and is the first of the ten [[Mahavidyas]], a group of goddesses who provide liberating knowledge.<ref name="Paul"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/rituals-puja/the-significance-of-dus-mahavidya/articleshow/68206997.cms |title=The Significance of Dus Mahavidya |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=4 April 2019}}</ref> Of the numerous [[List of Hindu deities#Tridevi|Hindu goddesses]], Kali is held as the most famous.<ref name="Lynn"/> She is the preeminent deity in the [[Tantra#Hindu tantra|Hindu tantric]] and the [[Shaktism#Kalikula: family of Kali|Kalikula]] worship traditions, and is a central figure in the goddess-centric sects of Hinduism as well as in [[Shaivism]].<ref name="EY"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dakshin Kali Khadgamala Stotra: A Hymn to the Fierce and Compassionate Goddess from Rudrayamal Tantra - Aghori Stories |url=https://aghoristories.com/tantra/dakshina-kali-khadgamala-stotra-a-hymn-to-the-fierce-and-compassionate-goddess-from-rudrayamal-tantra/?amp=1 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=aghoristories.com |date=February 2024}}</ref> Kali is chiefly worshipped as the Divine Mother, Mother of the Universe, and [[Shakti|Divine feminine energy]].<ref name="Hawley">{{Cite book |last1=Hawley |first1=John Stratton |title=Sri Ramakrishna: The Spiritual Glow |last2=Wulff |first2=Donna Marie |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1982 |pages=152}}</ref><ref name="Harding">{{cite book |last1=Harding |first1=Elizabeth U. |title=Kali: The Black Goddess of Dakshineswar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4woiJbQTsBQC |year=1993 |publisher=Nicolas Hays |isbn=978-8120814509}}</ref><ref name="McDaniel">{{cite book |last1=McDaniel |first1=June |title=Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls: Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><br />
<br />
The origins of Kali can be traced to the pre-Vedic and [[Vedic period|Vedic]] era goddess worship [[Sampradaya|traditions]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="EY">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kali |title=Kali |date=31 July 2024 |work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date= }}</ref> Etymologically, the term ''Kali'' refers to one who governs time or is black. The first major appearance of Kali in the [[Sanskrit]] literature was in the sixth-century CE text ''[[Devi Mahatmya]]''.<ref name="EY"/> Kali appears in many stories, with the most popular one being when she manifests as personification of goddess [[Durga]]'s rage to defeat the demon [[Raktabija]]. The terrifying iconography of Kali makes her a unique figure among the [[List of goddesses|goddesses]] and symbolises her embracement and embodiment of the grim worldly realities of blood, death and destruction.<ref name="Paul"/><br />
<br />
Kali is stated to protect and bestow liberation (''[[moksha]]'') to devotees who approach her with an attitude of a child towards mother. Devotional songs and poems that extol the motherly nature of Kali are popular in [[Bengal]], where she is most widely worshipped as the Divine Mother. [[Shaktism|Shakta]] and [[Tantra|Tantric]] traditions additionally worship Kali as the ultimate reality or ''[[Brahman]]''.<ref name="McDaniel" /> In modern times, Kali has emerged as a symbol of significance for women.<ref name="Paul"/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The term ''Kali'' is derived from ''Kala'', which is mentioned quite differently in Sanskrit.<ref name="Jones">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Jones |first1=Constance |last2=Ryan |first2=James D. |title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |series=Encyclopedia of World Religions |location=New York |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2007 |isbn=9780816054589 |url=https://archive.org/details/wg992 |pages=220–221}}</ref> The homonym ''{{IAST|[[Kāla (time)|kālá]]}}'' (time) is distinct from ''kāla'' (black), but these became associated through [[popular etymology]].<ref name="Coburn111-112"/><br />
Kali is then understood as "she who is the ruler of time", or "she who is black".<ref name="Jones"/> Kālī is the goddess of time or death and the consort of Shiva.<ref name="McDermott2001">{{cite book |last1=McDermott |first1=Rachel Fell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FeMX2g8lqkAC&pg=PA175 |title=Singing to the Goddess: Poems to Kali and Uma from Bengal |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0198030706}}</ref> She is called Kali Mata ("the dark mother") and also ''kālī'', which can be read here either as a proper name or as a description: "the dark (or black) one".<ref name="Coburn111-112">{{cite book |last1=Coburn |first1=Thomas |title=Devī-Māhātmya – Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi |year=1984 |isbn=978-81-208-0557-6}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Although the word ''{{IAST|Kālī}}'' appears as early as the [[Atharva Veda]], the first use of it as a proper name is in the ''Kathaka Grhya Sutra'' (19.7).<ref name="Urban">{{cite book |last=Urban |first=Hugh B. |author-link=Hugh Urban |chapter=India's Darkest Heart: Kali in the Colonial Imagination |year=2003 |editor-last=McDermott |editor-first=Rachel Fell |editor-last2=Kripal |editor-first2=Jeffrey J. |title=Encountering Kali: In the Margins, at the Center, in the West |publisher=University of California Press |page=171 |isbn=978-0-520-92817-6}}</ref> Kali originated as a tantric and non-Vedic goddess. Her roots are most probably connected to the Pre-Aryan period.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mohanty |first1=Seema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KyfCUvoAtoC |title=The Book of Kali |last2=Seema |date=July 2009 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-306764-1 |language=en}}</ref> According to Indologist [[Wendy Doniger]], Kali's origins can be traced to the deities of the Pre-Vedic village, tribal, and mountain cultures of South Asia who were gradually appropriated and transformed by the Sanskritic traditions.<ref name="EY" /><br />
<br />
==Legends==<br />
Her most well-known appearance is on the battlefield in the sixth century text ''[[Devi Mahatmyam]]''. The deity of the first chapter of ''Devi Mahatmyam'' is Mahakali, who appears from the body of sleeping [[Vishnu]] as goddess Yoga Nidra to wake him up in order to protect [[Bramha|Brahma]] and the world from two [[asuras]] (demons), [[Madhu-Kaitabha]]. When Vishnu woke up he started a war against the two asuras. After a long battle with Vishnu, the two demons were undefeated and Mahakali took the form of Mahamaya to enchant the two asuras. When Madhu and Kaitabha were enchanted by Mahakali, Vishnu killed them.<ref name="Kinsley1997">{{cite book |last1=Kinsley |first1=David |title=Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: The Ten Mahavidyas |location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press |year=1997 |pages=70–76}}</ref><br />
<br />
In later chapters, the story of two asuras who were destroyed by Kali can be found. [[Chanda and Munda]] attack the goddess [[Kaushiki]]. Kaushiki responds with such anger that it causes her face to turn dark, resulting in Kali appearing out of her forehead. Kali's appearance is dark blue, gaunt with sunken eyes, wearing a tiger skin [[sari]] and a [[Mundamala|garland of human heads]]. She immediately defeats the two asuras. Later in the same battle, the asura Raktabija is undefeated because of his ability to reproduce himself from every drop of his blood that reaches the ground. Countless Raktabija clones appear on the battlefield. Kali eventually defeats him by sucking his blood before it can reach the ground, and eating the numerous clones. Kinsley writes that Kali represents "Durga's personified wrath, her embodied fury".<ref name="Kinsley1997" /><br />
<br />
Other origin stories involve Parvati and Shiva. Parvati is typically portrayed as a benign and friendly goddess. The ''[[Linga Purana]]'' describes Shiva asking Parvati to defeat the asura [[Daruka]], who received a boon that would only allow a female to kill him. Parvati merges with Shiva's body, reappearing as Kali to defeat Daruka and his armies. Her bloodlust gets out of control, only calming when Shiva intervenes. The ''[[Vamana Purana]]'' has a different version of Kali's relationship with Parvati. When Shiva addresses Parvati as Kali, "the dark blue one", she is greatly offended. Parvati performs austerities to lose her dark complexion and becomes Gauri, the golden one. Her dark sheath becomes ''[[Kaushiki]]'', who while enraged, creates Kali.<ref name="Kinsley1997" /><br />
<br />
In the [[Devi Bhagavata Purana]], Kali turns black out of rage, while battling the demons [[Shumbha and Nishumbha]].<ref name="Jones"/>{{rp|221}}<br />
<br />
===Slayer of Raktabīja===<br />
In Kāli's most famous legend, [[Durga]] and her assistants, the [[Matrikas]], wound the demon [[Raktabīja]], in various ways and with a variety of weapons in an attempt to destroy him. They soon find that they have worsened the situation for with every drop of blood that drips from Raktabīja, he reproduces a duplicate of himself. The battlefield becomes increasingly filled with his duplicates.<ref name="Kinsley1997" /> Durga summons Kāli to combat the demons. This episode is described in the ''[[Devi Mahatmya]]m,'' Kali is depicted as being fierce, clad in a tiger's skin and armed with a sword and noose. She has deep, red eyes with tongue lolling out as she catches drops of Raktabīja's blood before they fall to the ground and create duplicates.<ref name="Wangu2003" /><br />
<br />
Kali consumes Raktabīja and his duplicates, and dances on the corpses of the slain.<ref name="Kinsley1997" /> In the ''Devi Mahatmya'' version of this story, Kali is also described as a ''Matrika'' and as a ''Shakti'' or power of Devi. She is given the epithet ''{{IAST|Cāṃuṇḍā}}'' (''[[Chamunda]]''), that is, the slayer of the demons [[Chanda and Munda]].<ref name ="Wangu2003">{{cite book |last1=Wangu |first1=Madhu Bazaz |title=Images of Indian Goddesses |year=2003 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-416-5}}</ref>{{rp|72}} ''Chamunda'' is very often identified with Kali and is very much like her in appearance and habit.<ref name="Kinsley1997" />{{rp|241 Footnotes}}<br />
<br />
==Iconography and forms==<br />
The goddess Kali is regarded as the most famous female deity of all the numerous Hindu goddesses.<ref name="Lynn">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Foulston |first=Lynn |editor-last1=Cush |editor-first1=Denise |editor-last2=Robinson |editor-first2=Catherine |editor-last3=York |editor-first3=Michael |chapter=ŚAKTI |page=730 |title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |publisher=Routledge |year=2008 |doi=10.4324/9780203862032 |isbn=978-0-7007-1267-0 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203862032/encyclopedia-hinduism-denise-cush-catherine-robinson-michael-york |url-access=subscription}}</ref> The uncommon appearance of Kali is explained as a cause of her popularity.<ref name="Paul"/>{{rp|398}} Kali is iconographically depicted as a "terrifying emaciated woman," with black skin, long tangled hair, red eyes and a long lolling tongue. She is naked barring a grim set of ornamentation: "a necklace of skulls or freshly decapitated heads, a skirt of severed arms and jewellery made from the corpses of infants." The "wildness" is a defining aspect of her character.<ref name="Paul"/>{{rp|399}} The terrifying iconography of Kali is considered symbolic of her role as a protector and a bestower of freedom to devotees, of whom she shall take care if they come to her in the "attitude of a child."<ref name="Paul"/>{{rp|399}} Devotional songs and poems that glorify the motherly nature of Kali are popular in Bengal, where she is most extensively worshipped.<ref name="Paul"/>{{rp|399}}<br />
<br />
In the [[Devi Mahatmya]], where Kali first appeared as a personification of the rage of goddess Durga, an aspect of Kali's character was her thirst for blood and fondness to stay at places of death and destruction.<ref name="Paul"/>{{rp|399}} In original depictions, Kali was often pictured in a cremation ground or battlefield standing on the corpse of [[Shiva]], which symbolized her manifestation as Shakti.<ref name=":3" /> Kali represents the goddess embracing and encompassing the grim worldly realities of "blood, death and destruction".<ref name="Paul">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Reid-Bowen |first=Paul |editor-last1=Cush |editor-first1=Denise |editor-last2=Robinson |editor-first2=Catherine |editor-last3=York |editor-first3=Michael |chapter=KĀLĪ AND CAṆḌĪ |pages=398–399 |title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |publisher=Routledge |year=2008 |doi=10.4324/9780203862032 |isbn=978-0-7007-1267-0 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203862032/encyclopedia-hinduism-denise-cush-catherine-robinson-michael-york |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
The ''Kalika [[Puranas|Purana]]'' describes Kali as "possessing a soothing dark complexion, as perfectly beautiful, riding a lion, four-armed, holding a sword and blue lotus, her hair unrestrained, body firm and youthful".<ref name="White2000">{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Sanjukta |editor-last1=White |editor-first1=David Gordon |editor-link=David Gordon White |chapter=The Worship of Kali According to the Todala Tantra |title=Tantra in Practice |year=2000 |publisher=Princeton Press |page=466 |isbn=0-691-05778-8 |ref=refWhite2000}}</ref> The goddess has two depictions: the popular [[Chaturbhuja|four-armed]] form and the ten-armed Mahakali avatar. In both, she is described as being black in colour, though she is often seen as blue in popular Indian art. Her eyes are described as red with intoxication and rage. Her hair is disheveled, small fangs sometimes protrude out of her mouth, and her tongue is lolling. Sometimes she dons a skirt made of demon arms and a [[Mundamala|garland of demon heads]]. Other times, she is seen wearing a tiger skin. She is also accompanied by [[Serpent (symbolism)|serpents]] and a [[jackal]] while standing on the calm and prostrate Shiva, usually right foot forward to symbolize the more popular ''[[dakṣiṇācāra]]'' ("right-hand path"), as opposed to the more infamous and transgressive [[vamachara]] ("left-hand path").<ref name="Rawson">{{cite book |last1=Rawson |first1=Philip |title=The Art of Tantra |url=https://archive.org/details/tantra00phil |url-access=registration |year=1973 |publisher=Thames & Hudson}}</ref> Her mount, or ''[[vahana]]'', is the lion.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=George Mason |title=Handbook of Hindu mythology |date=2003 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-106-9 |series=Handbooks of world mythology |location=Santa Barbara (Calif.) |pages=173}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Popular form===<br />
[[File:Goddess Kali.jpg|thumb|A Tamil depiction of Kali, 12th century, [[National Museum of India]]|420x420px]]Kali is depicted with four arms, which symbolize the circle of creation and dissolution.<ref name=":3" /> Her left hands are depicted holding a severed head and a sword.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=Foulston |first1=Lynn |title=Hindu goddesses: beliefs and practices |last2=Abbott |first2=Stuart |date=2009 |publisher=Sussex Academic |isbn=978-1-902210-43-8 |edition= |location=Brighton |pages=34–38}}</ref> The sword signifies divine knowledge and the human head signifies human ego which must be slain by divine knowledge in order to attain [[moksha]]. The right hands are usually depicted in the [[mudra#Abhaya Mudrā|abhaya]] (fearlessness) and [[mudra#Varada Mudrā|varada]] (blessing) [[mudra]]s, which means her initiated devotees (or anyone worshipping her with a true heart) will be saved as she will guide them here and in the hereafter.<ref name="White2000" />{{rp|477}}<br />
<br />
She wears a garland of demon heads, variously enumerated at [[108 (number)|108]] (an auspicious number in Hinduism and the number of countable beads on a [[japa]] [[japa mala|mala]] or rosary for repetition of [[mantras]]) or 51, which represents Varnamala or the Garland of letters of the Sanskrit alphabet, [[Devanagari]]. Hindus believe Sanskrit is a language of [[dynamism (metaphysics)|dynamism]], and each of these letters represents a form of energy, or a form of Kali. Therefore, she is generally seen as the mother of language, and all [[mantra]]s.<ref name="White2000" />{{rp|475}}<br />
<br />
She is often depicted naked which symbolizes her being beyond the covering of [[Maya (Hinduism)|Maya]] since she is pure (''nirguna'') being-consciousness-bliss and far above Prakriti. She is shown as very dark as she is Brahman in its supreme unmanifest state. She has no permanent qualities—she will continue to exist even when the universe ends. It is therefore believed that the concepts of color, light, good, and bad do not apply to her.<ref name="White2000" />{{rp|463–488}}<br />
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===Mahakali===<br />
{{Main|Mahakali}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Goddess Mahakali - National Museum, Delhi.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Mahakali]], goddess of time and death, depicted with a black complexion with ten heads, arms and legs.]]<br />
Mahakali ([[Sanskrit]]: Mahākālī, [[Devanagari]]: महाकाली, [[Bengali language|Bengali]]: মহাকালী, [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: મહાકાળી), literally translated as "Great Kali", is sometimes considered as a greater form of Kali, identified with the Ultimate reality of [[Brahman]]. It can also be used as an honorific of the Goddess Kali,.<ref name="McDaniel"/>{{rp|257}} Mahakali symbolizes absolute night and the power of time. She is depicted with five or ten heads, each with three eyes and holding different weapons. Mahakali is known as the origin of all things, her consort is [[Mahakala]].<ref name="McDaniel" />{{rp|257}}<br />
<br />
The [[Skanda Purana]] mentions that Kali took the form of Mahakali at the instruction of Shiva who wanted her to destroy the world during the time of universal [[Pralaya|destruction]].<ref name="McDaniel" />{{rp|242}}<br />
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In the ten-armed form of Mahakali, she is depicted as shining like a blue stone. She has ten faces, ten feet, and three eyes for each head. She has ornaments decked on all her limbs. There is no association with Shiva.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sankaranarayanan |first1=Sri |title=Glory of the Divine Mother: Devi Mahatmyam |publisher=Nesma Books India |year=2001 |isbn=978-8187936008 |page=127}}</ref><br />
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===Dakshinakali===<br />
Dakshinakali is the most popular form of Kali in Bengal.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harper |first1=Katherine Anne |last2=Brown |first2=Robert L. |title=The Roots of Tantra |year=2012 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-8890-4 |page=53}}</ref> She is the benevolent mother, who protects her devotees and children from mishaps and misfortunes. There are various versions for the origin of the name ''Dakshinakali''. ''[[Dakshina]]'' refers to the gift given to a priest before performing a ritual or to one's guru. Such gifts are traditionally given with the right hand. Dakshinakali's two right hands are usually depicted in gestures of blessing and giving of boons. One version of the origin of her name comes from the story of [[Yama]], lord of death, who lives in the south (''dakshina''). When Yama heard Kali's name, he fled in terror, and so those who worship Kali are said to be able to overcome death itself.<ref name="Kinsley1998pp86-90">{{cite book |last1=Kinsley |first1=David R. |title=Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgTOZEyrVtIC |year=1988 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-8120803947 |pages=86–90}}</ref><ref name="Dold2003" />{{rp|53–55}}<br />
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Dakshinakali is typically shown with her right foot on [[Shiva]]'s chest—while depictions showing Kali with her left foot on Shiva's chest depict the even more fearsome Vamakali. Vamakali is usually worshipped by non-householders.<ref name="Pravrajika Vedantaprana 2015 p.16">Pravrajika Vedantaprana, Saptahik Bartaman, Volume 28, Issue 23, Bartaman Private Ltd., 6, JBS Haldane Avenue, 700 105 (ed. 10 October 2015) p.16</ref><br />
<br />
The pose shows the conclusion of an episode in which Kali was rampaging out of control after destroying many demons. Vishnu confronted Kali in an attempt to cool her down. She was unable to see beyond the limitless power of her rage and Vishnu had to move out of her way. Seeing this the devas became more fearful, afraid that in her rampage, Kali would not stop until she destroyed the entire universe. Shiva saw only one solution to prevent Kali's endless destruction. Shiva lay down on the battlefield so that Goddess Mahakali would have to step on him. When she saw her consort under her foot, Kali realized that she had gone too far. Filled with grief for the damage she had done, her blood-red tongue hung from her mouth, calming her down. In some interpretations of the story, Shiva was attempting to receive Kali's grace by receiving her foot on his chest.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kinsley |first=David R. |editor1-last=McDermott |editor1-first=Rachel Fell |editor2-last=Kripal |editor2-first=Jeffrey J. |chapter=Kali |title=Encountering Kali: in the margins, at the center, in the West |year=2003 |publisher=University of California Press |page=36 |isbn=978-0-520-92817-6}}</ref><br />
<br />
Rachel Fell McDermott finds that in the [[Mahabhagavata Purana]], Shiva is portrayed as "the devotee who falls at [Kali's] feet in devotion, in the surrender of his ego, or in hopes of gaining ''moksha'' by her touch." In fact, Shiva is said to have become so enchanted by Kali that he performed austerities to win her, and having received the treasure of her feet, held them against his heart in reverence.<ref name="Dold2003">{{cite book |last1=Dold |first1=Patricia |editor-last1=McDermott |editor-first1=Rachel Fell |editor2-last=Kripal |editor2-first=Jeffrey J. |chapter=Kali the Terrific and Her Tests |title=Encountering Kali: In the Margins, at the Center, in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMUJyU_C-LkC |year=2003 |publisher=University of California Press |page=54 |isbn=978-0-520-92817-6}}</ref><br />
<br />
The popularity of the worship of the Dakshinakali form of Goddess Kali is often attributed to [[Krishnananda Agamavagisha]]. He was a noted 17th-century Bengali Tantra thinker and author of ''Tantrasara''. Devi Kali reportedly appeared to him in a dream and told him to popularize her in a particular form that would appear to him the following day. The next morning he observed a young woman making cow dung patties. While placing a patty on a wall, she stood in the ''alidha'' pose, with her right foot forward. When she saw Krishnananda watching her, she was embarrassed and put her tongue between her teeth, Agamavagisha realized that this was the divine form of maa kali he was looking for.<ref name="Dold2003" />{{rp|54}}<ref name="Sircar1998">{{cite book |last1=Sircar |first1=Dineschandra |author-link=Dineschandra Sircar |title=The Śākta Pīṭhas |year=1998 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ |isbn=978-81-208-0879-9 |page=74}}</ref> Krishnananda Agamavagisha was also the guru of the Kali devotee and poet [[Ramprasad Sen]].<ref name="Harding" />{{rp|217}}<br />
<br />
===Samhara Kali===<br />
Samhara Kali, also called Vama Kali, is the embodiment of the power of destruction. The chief goddess of Tantric texts, Samhara Kali is the most dangerous and powerful form of Kali. Samhara Kali takes form when Kali steps out with her left foot holding her sword in her right hand. She is the Kali of death, destruction and is worshipped by tantrics. As Samhara Kali she gives death and liberation. According to the Mahakala Samhita, Samhara Kali is two armed and black in complexion. She stands on a corpse and holds a freshly cut head and a plate to collect the dripping blood. She is worshipped by warriors, tantrics – the followers of [[Tantra]].<ref name="Harding" /><br />
<br />
===Other forms===<br />
Other forms of Kali popularly worshipped in Bengal include Raksha Kali (form of Kali worshipped for protection against epidemics and drought), Bhadra Kali and Guhya Kali. Kali is said to have 8, 12, or 21 different forms according to different traditions. The popular forms are Adya Kali, Chintamani Kali, Sparshamani Kali, Santati Kali, Siddhi Kali, Dakshina Kali, Bhadra Kali, Adharvana Bhadra Kali, Smashana Kali, Rakta Kali, Kamakala Kali, Guhya Kali, Hamsa Kali, Shyama Kali, and Kalasankarshini Kali. In [[Gujarat]], [[Khodiyar]] is a regional form of [[Mahakali]].<ref name="Pravrajika Vedantaprana 2015 p.16"/><br />
<br />
==Symbolism==<br />
[[File:Maa Bhavatarini's face @ Dakshineshwar Kali Temple.JPG|thumb|upright|In [[Bengal]] and [[Odisha]], Kali's extended tongue is widely seen as expressing embarrassment over the realization that her foot is on her husband's chest.<ref name="Dold2003" />{{rp|53–55}}<ref name="Kali's Tongue" /><ref name="Dutta2011" /><ref name="McDaniel"/>{{rp|237}} Above: idol of Kali at the [[Dakshineshwar Kali Temple]].]]<br />
<br />
Interpretations of the symbolic meanings of Kali's appearance vary depending on Tantric or devotional approach, and on whether one views her image in a symbolic, allegorical or mystical fashion.<ref name="Kinsley1998pp86-90" /> There are many varied depictions of the different forms of Kali. The most common form shows her with four arms and hands, showing aspects of both creation and destruction. The two right hands are often held out in blessing, one in a mudra saying "fear not" ([[abhayamudra]]), the other conferring boons. Her left hands hold a severed head and blood-covered sword. The sword severs the bondage of ignorance and ego ([[Tamas (philosophy)|tamas]]), represented by the severed head. One interpretation of Kali's tongue is that the red tongue symbolizes the [[rajasic]] nature being conquered by the white (symbolizing [[sattvic]]) nature of the teeth. Her blackness represents that she is ''[[nirguna]]'', beyond all qualities of nature, and transcendent.<ref name="Kinsley1998pp86-90" /><ref name="Dold2003" />{{rp|53–55}} Kali's lolling tongue is interpreted as her being angry, enraged; while many in India interpret it as "biting the tongue" in shame.<ref name="Jones"/>{{rp|222}}<br />
<br />
The most widespread interpretation of Kali's extended tongue involve her embarrassment over the sudden realization that she has stepped on her husband's chest. Kali's sudden "modesty and shame" over that act is the prevalent interpretation among [[Hinduism in Odisha|Odia Hindus]].<ref name="Dold2003" />{{rp|53–55}} The biting of the tongue conveys the emotion of ''lajja'' or modesty, an expression that is widely accepted as the emotion being expressed by Kali.<ref name="Kali's Tongue">{{cite book |last1=Menon |first1=Usha |last2=Shweder |first2=Richard A. |title=Emotion and Culture: Empirical Studies of Mutual Influence |chapter=Kali's Tongue: Cultural Psychology and the Power of Shame in Orissa, India |editor-last=Kitayama |editor-first=Shinobu |editor2-last=Markus |editor2-first=Hazel Rose |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=American Psychological Association |date=1994 |pages=241–284}}</ref><ref name="McDaniel"/>{{rp|237}} In Bengal also, Kali's protruding tongue is "widely accepted... as a sign of speechless embarrassment: a gesture very common among Bengalis."<ref name="Dutta2011">{{cite book |author=Krishna Dutta |title=Calcutta: A Cultural and Literary History (Cities of the Imagination) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZq_BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18 |year=2011 |publisher=Andrews UK Ltd |isbn=978-1-904955-87-0 |page=18}}</ref><ref name="Harding" />{{rp|xxiii}}<br />
<br />
The twin earrings of Kali are small embryos. This is because Kali likes devotees who have childlike qualities in them.<ref name="Pravrajika Vedantaprana 2015 p.16"/> The forehead of Kali is seen to be as luminous as the full moon and eternally giving out ambrosia.<ref name="Pravrajika Vedantaprana 2015 p.16"/><br />
<br />
Kali is often shown standing with her right foot on Shiva's chest. This represents an episode where Kali was out of control on the battlefield, such that she was about to destroy the entire universe. Shiva pacified her by laying down under her foot to pacify and calm her. Shiva is sometimes shown with a blissful smile on his face.<ref name="Dold2003" />{{rp|53–55}} She is typically shown with a garland of severed heads, often numbering fifty. This can symbolize the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet and therefore as the primordial sound of [[Aum]] from which all creation proceeds. The severed arms which make up her skirt represent her devotee's karma that she has taken on.<ref name="Kinsley1998pp86-90" /><br />
<br />
There are several interpretations of the symbolism behind the commonly represented image of Kali standing on Shiva's supine form. A common interpretation is that Shiva symbolizes ''[[purusha]]'', the universal unchanging aspect of reality, or pure consciousness. Kali represents ''[[Prakriti]]'', nature or matter, sometimes seen as having a feminine quality of creation of life. The merging of these two qualities represent ultimate reality.<ref name="Kinsley1997" />{{rp|88}}<br />
<br />
A tantric interpretation sees Shiva as consciousness and Kali as power or energy. Consciousness and energy are dependent upon each other, since Shiva depends on Shakti, or energy, in order to fulfill his role in creation, preservation, and destruction. In this view, without Shakti, Shiva is a corpse—unable to act.<ref name="Dold2003"/>{{rp|53}}<br />
<br />
==Worship==<br />
===Mantras===<br />
Kali is closely associated with transcendent knowledge and is regarded as the first of the ten [[Mahavidya]]s, an amalgamation of goddesses who provide liberating knowledge.<ref name="Paul"/>{{rp|399}} Kali is primarily worshipped in the [[Shaktism#Kalikula: family of Kali|Kalikula]] worship tradition. The closest way of direct worship is to the forms of [[Mahakali]] or [[Bhadrakali]] (Bhadra in Sanskrit means 'gentle'). One mantra for Kali worship is:<ref name="Chawdri">{{cite book |last=Chawdhri |first=L.R. |title=Secrets of Yantra, Mantra and Tantra |year=1992 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{verse translation|lang=sa|italicsoff=y<br />
|सर्वमङ्गलमाङ्गल्ये शिवे सर्वार्थसाधिके । शरण्ये त्र्यम्बके गौरि नारायणि नमोऽस्तु ते ॥<br />
ॐ जयंती मंगला काली भद्रकाली कपालिनी । दुर्गा क्षमा शिवा धात्री स्वाहा स्वधा नमोऽस्तुते ॥<br />
|Sarvamangal-māngalyē śivē sarvārthasādhikē. Śaraṇyē tryambakē Gauri nārāyaṇi namō'stu tē.<br />
Oṃ jayantī mangala kālī bhadrakālī kapālinī . Durgā kṣamā śivā dhātrī svāhā svadhā namō'stutē.<br />
ॐ काली काली महाकाली कालिके परमेश्वरी । सर्वानन्दकरी देवी नारायणि नमोऽस्तुते ।।<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Tantra===<br />
[[File:Kali Yantra.jpg|thumb|Kali [[Yantra]]]]<br />
<br />
In Tantrism the cause of reality is the mutual interaction between male and female or Shiva and Shakti. As a result, goddesses play an important role in the study and practice of [[Tantra]] Yoga and are essential in understanding the nature of reality.<ref name="Kinsley1997" /> Kali is often mentioned in Tantric iconography, texts and rituals even though [[Parvati]] received [[Shiva]]'s wisdom in the form of Tantras.<ref name="Kinsley1997" /> Kali is revered as the highest reality or greatest of all deities in many Tantric texts. The ''Niruttara-tantra'' and the ''Picchila-tantra'' state that among all mantras Kali's mantras are the greatest. The ''Kdmadd-tantra'' mentions that Kali is ''sacciddnanda'' or imperishable bliss and Brahman. In other texts like the''Yogini-tantra'', ''Kamakhya-tantra'' and the ''Niruttara-tantra'' Kali is referred to as an essential form of [[Mahadevi]].<ref name="Kinsley1997" />{{rp|122–124}}<br />
<br />
In Tantric practice, Kali's figure represents death itself. The ''Karpuradi-stotra,'' dated to approximately 10th century CE'','' describes the ''Pancatattva'' ritual which is performed on cremation grounds (''Samahana-sadhan''). It states that a ''[[sadhaka]]'' that meditates on the terrible aspects of Kali's form and confronts her can attain salvation.<ref name="Kinsley1997" />{{rp|122–124}}<br />
<br />
The ''Karpuradi-stotra'' also describes Kali's gentler form that is young, with a smiling face and with two right hands to dispel fear and offer boons. She is also described as the supreme being of the universe. In this benign form, Kali becomes the goddess who grants salvation when fear is overcome and goes from being a symbol of death to being a symbol of triumph over death.<ref name="Kinsley1997" />{{rp|124–125}}<br />
<br />
===In Bengali tradition===<br />
[[File:Daksina_Kali_clay_statue_of_Bengal.jpg|thumb|upright|Statue of Kali trampling on Shiva, worshipped in [[Bengal]]]]<br />
[[File:Kali; standing triumphantly over Shiva. Chromolitho Wellcome V0045066.jpg|thumb|upright|Kali standing triumphantly over Shiva, painting]]<br />
<br />
Kali is a central figure in late medieval [[Bengal]] devotional literature, with such notable devotee poets as [[Kamalakanta Bhattacharya (West Bengal)|Kamalakanta Bhattacharya]] (1769–1821) and [[Ramprasad Sen]] (1718–1775). With the exception of being associated with [[Parvati]] as [[Shiva]]'s consort, Kāli is rarely pictured in Hindu legends and iconography as a motherly figure until Bengali devotions beginning in the early eighteenth century. Even in Bengāli tradition her appearance and habits change little, if at all.<ref name="Kinsley1997" />{{rp|126}}<br />
<br />
The Tantric approach to Kāli is to display courage by confronting her on cremation grounds in the dead of night, despite her terrible appearance. In contrast, the Bengali devotee adopts the attitude of a child, coming to love her unreservedly. In both cases, the goal of the devotee is to become reconciled with death and to learn acceptance of the way that things are. These themes are addressed in Rāmprasād's work.<ref name="Kinsley1997" />{{rp|125–126}} Rāmprasād comments in many of his other songs that Kāli is indifferent to his wellbeing, causes him to suffer, brings his worldly desires to nothing and his worldly goods to ruin. He also states that she does not behave like a mother should and that she ignores his pleas.<ref name="Kinsley1997" />{{rp|128}}<br />
<br />
To be a child of Kāli, Rāmprasād asserts, is to be denied of earthly delights and pleasures. Kāli is said to refrain from giving that which is expected. To the devotee, it is perhaps her very refusal to do so that enables her devotees to reflect on dimensions of themselves and of reality that go beyond the material world.<ref name="Kinsley1997" />{{rp|128}}<br />
<br />
A significant portion of Bengali devotional music features Kāli as its central theme and is known as [[Shyama Sangeet]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Multani |first1=Angelie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qsDGEAAAQBAJ&dq=shyama+sangeet+in+bengali+tradition&pg=PT50 |title=From Canon to Covid: Transforming English Literary Studies in India. Essays in Honour of GJV Prasad |last2=Pal |first2=Swati |last3=Saha |first3=Nandini |last4=Shakil |first4=Albeena |last5=Ghosh |first5=Arjun |date=2023-08-31 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-89220-8 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kāli is especially venerated in the festival of [[Kali Puja]] in eastern India – celebrated when the new moon day of [[Ashwin]] month coincides with the festival of [[Diwali]]. The practice of animal sacrifice is still practiced during Kali Puja in Bengal, Orissa, and Assam, though it is rare outside of those areas. The [[Hindu temple]]s where this takes place involves the ritual slaying of goats, chickens and sometimes male water buffalos. Throughout India, the practice is becoming less common.<ref name="Fuller Christopher John 2004 83">{{cite book|last=J. Fuller|first= C.|title=The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India [Paperback] |edition=Revised|year=2004|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-691-12048-5 |page=83|quote=Animal sacrifice is still practiced widely and is an important ritual in popular Hinduism|id= {{ASIN|069112048X|country=uk}}}}</ref> The rituals in eastern India temples where animals are killed are generally led by [[Brahmin]] priests.<ref name="Fuller Christopher John 2004 83"/>{{rp|84, 101–104}} A number of [[Tantra|Tantric]] [[Puranas]] specify the ritual for how the animal should be killed. A Brahmin priest will recite a mantra in the ear of the animal to be sacrificed, in order to free the animal from the cycle of life and death. Groups such as People for Animals continue to protest animal sacrifice based on court rulings forbidding the practice in some locations.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McDermottb|first1=Rachel Fell |title=Revelry, rivalry, and longing for the goddesses of Bengal: the fortunes of Hindu festivals |date=2011 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |location=New York; Chichester |isbn=978-0-231-12918-3 |page=205 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggBeH_lmUu8C&pg=PR10 |access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
===In Tantric Buddhism===<br />
[[File:Troma Nagmo closeup.jpg|thumb|upright|Tröma Nagm, in Tibetan Buddhism, shares some attributes of Kali]]<br />
Tantric Kali cults such as the Kaula and Krama had a strong influence on [[Tantric Buddhism]], as can be seen in fierce-looking [[yogini]]s and [[dakini]]s such as [[Vajrayogini]] and Krodikali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=English |first=Elizabeth |title=Vajrayoginī: her visualizations, rituals & forms: a study of the cult of Vajrayoginī in India |publisher=Wisdom Publications |year=2002 |isbn=0-86171-329-X |edition=1st Wisdom |location=Boston |pages=38–40 |oclc=50234984}}</ref><br />
<br />
In Tibet, Krodikali (alt. Krodhakali, Kālikā, Krodheśvarī, Krishna Krodhini) is known as ''Tröma Nagmo'' ({{langx|xct|ཁྲོ་མ་ནག་མོ་}}, [[Wylie transliteration|Wylie]]: {{lang|bo-Latn|khro ma nag mo}}, English: "The Black Wrathful Lady").<ref>[http://www.himalayanart.org/pages/vajrayogini/index.html The Forms of Vajrayoginī] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821222811/http://www.himalayanart.org/pages/vajrayogini/index.html |date=21 August 2008 }} Himalayan Art Resources</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.himalayanart.org/image.cfm/490.html|title=Vajrayogini (Buddhist Deity) – Krodha Kali (Wrathful Black Varahi) |work=HimalayanArt}}</ref> She features as a key deity in the practice tradition of [[Chöd]] founded by [[Machig Labdron]] and is seen as a fierce form of [[Vajrayogini]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Simmer-Brown |first=Judith |author-link=Judith Simmer-Brown |title=Dakini's warm breath: the feminine principle in Tibetan Buddhism |year=2002 |isbn=1-57062-920-X |edition=1st paperback |location=Boulder |publisher=Shambhala |pages=146 |oclc=54964040}}</ref> Other similar fierce deities include the dark blue Ugra Tara and the lion-faced [[Simhamukha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shaw |first=Miranda Eberle |title=Buddhist goddesses of India |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2006 |isbn=0-691-12758-1 |location=Princeton |pages=340, 426|oclc=62342823}}</ref><br />
<br />
===In Sinhala Buddhism===<br />
<br />
In Sinhala Buddhism, Kali's origin is explained through her arriving at Munneśvaram from South India, eating humans, and attempting to eat Pattini, who instead tames her.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Bastin |first=Rohan |date=September 1996 |title=The Regenerative Power of Kali Worship in Contemporary Sinhala Buddhism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23171698 |journal=Social Analysis: The International Journal of Anthropology |issue=40 |pages=59–94 |jstor=23171698}}</ref><br />
<br />
She is regarded as having seven forms; Bhadrakāli, Mahābhadrakāli, Pēnakāli, Vandurukāli (Hanumāpatrakāli), Rīrikāli, Sohonkāli, and Ginikāli. These forms are subordinate to Kāliammā (the mother of Kāli). Red flowers, silver coins, blood, and oil lamps with mustard oil are offered to her, and as Pattini's servant, she accepts offerings on her behalf.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Hewamanage |first=Wimal |date=January 2018 |title=The History of the Kāli Cult and its Implications in Modern Sri Lankan Buddhist Culture |journal=Alternative Spirituality and Religion Review |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=246–256 |doi=10.5840/asrr2018111353}}</ref><br />
<br />
Her worship in Sri Lanka dates back to at least the 9th century CE, and [[Dharmasena Thera]] created the [[Sadharma Ratnavaliya]] in the 13th century based on an older 5th century work, which actively recontextualizes Kali in a Buddhist context,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Kali and Sri Lanka |url=http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2011/12/sri-kali-and-sri-lanka.html}}</ref> exploring the nature of violence and vengeance and how they trap people in cycles until justification, guilt, and good and evil become irrelevant.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thera |first=Dharmasena |title=The Jewels of the Doctrine |year=1991 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=0-7914-0489-7 |language=English |translator-last=Obeyesekere |translator-first=Ranjini}}</ref> Kali has been seen as both a demon (though a tamed one, thanks to Pattini<ref name=":2" />) and a goddess in Sri Lanka.<ref name=":1" /> She and mythical Sinhala Buddhist kings both use demonic fury as a necessary condition of conquest.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
Yantras are used in relation to her, sourced from the [[Pali Canon]], later Buddhist [[paritta]] chants, and from non-Buddhist yantras and mantras. The Sādhakayantra is popular, and its corresponding mantra includes Arabic words and Islamic concepts.<ref name=":1" /><br />
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===Worship in the Western world===<br />
====Theorized early worship====<br />
A form of Kali worship may have already been transmitted to the west in medieval times by the wandering [[Romani people|Romani]]. A few authors have drawn parallels between Kali worship and the ceremonies of the annual pilgrimage in honor of [[Saint Sarah]], also known as ''Sara-la-Kali'' ("Sara the Black", {{langx|rom|Sara e Kali}}), held at [[Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer]], a place of [[pilgrimage]] for Roma in the [[Camargue]], in southern France.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McDowell |first=Bart |title=Gypsies: Wanderers of the World |pages=38–57}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fonseca |first=Isabel |title=Bury me standing: the Gypsies and their journey |others=Mazal Holocaust Collection, David Lindroth Inc. |year=1995 |isbn=0-679-40678-6 |edition=1st |location=New York |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |pages=106–107 |oclc=32387216}}</ref> [[Ronald Lee]] (2001) notes that the similarities in the ceremonies performed at the shrine if Sainte Sara (called Sara e Kali in Romani) indicate that Kali/Durga worship have been incorporated to a Christian figure.<ref name="McDermott1998p281-305" /><br />
<br />
====In modern times====<br />
<br />
An academic study of modern-day western Kali enthusiasts noted that, "as shown in the histories of all cross-cultural religious transplants, Kali devotionalism in the West must take on its own indigenous forms if it is to adapt to its new environment."<ref name="McDermott1998p281-305">{{cite book |last=McDermott |first=Rachel Fell |chapter=The Western Kali |editor-last=Hawley |editor-first=John Stratton |title=Devi: Goddesses of India |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |date=1998 |pages=281–305}}</ref> Rachel Fell McDermott, Professor of Asian and Middle Eastern Cultures at [[Columbia University]] and author of several books on Kali, has noted the evolving views in the West regarding Kali and her worship. In 1998 McDermott wrote that feminists and New Age spiritualists are drawn to Kali because they perceive her to be a symbol of repressed female power, sexuality, and healing but that this is a misinterpretation which stems from a lack of knowledge about Hindu religious tradition.<ref name="McDermott1998p281-305" /> By 2003, she amended this view stating that cross-cultural borrowing should be done thoughtfully and is natural due to religious globalization. She further stated that Kali enthusiasts since the early 1990s had sought to take on a more informed approach by incorporating more Indian perspective of her character than feminist and New Age interpretations.<ref name="McDermott1998p281-305" /><br />
<br />
The emergence of Kali in the modern times as an image of significance for many women, both Hindu and non-Hindu, has been noteworthy.<ref name="Paul"/>{{rp|399}} Since the late twentieth century, various [[feminist movement]]s in the West have associated Kali with [[women's empowerment]].<ref name="EY" /> [[New age]] religious and spiritual movements have found in the iconographic representations and mythological stories of Kali an inspiration for [[theological]] and [[Sexual revolution|sexual liberation]].<ref name="EY" /><br />
<br />
====In Réunion====<br />
<br />
In [[Réunion]], an island territory of France in the Indian Ocean, veneration for Saint [[Expeditus]] ({{Langx|fr|Saint Expédit}}) is very popular. The [[Malbars]] have Tamil ancestry but are, at least nominally, Catholics.<br />
The saint is identified with Kali.<ref name="Suryanarayan">{{cite journal |last1=Suryanarayan |first1=V. |title=Tamils In Re-Union: Losing Cultural Identity – Analysis |journal=Eurasia Review |date=12 October 2018 |url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/12102018-tamils-in-re-union-losing-cultural-identity-analysis/ |access-date=3 March 2021 |language=en |quote=Saint Expedit, worshipped locally, is identified with Goddess Kali.}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Comparative scholarship==<br />
Scholar [[Marvin H. Pope]] in 1965 argues that the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] goddess Kali, who is first attested in the 7th century CE, shares some characteristics with some ancient Near Eastern goddesses, such as wearing a necklace of heads and a belt of severed hands like [[Anat]], and drinking blood like the Egyptian goddess [[Sekhmet]] and that therefore that her character might have been influenced by them.{{sfn|Pope|Röllig|1965|page=239}}<br />
<br />
=== Levantine Anat ===<br />
The Bronze Age epic cycles of the [[Levant]]ine city of [[Ugarit]] include a myth according to which the warrior goddess [[Anat]] started attacking warriors, with the text of the myth describing the goddess as gloating and her heart filling with joy and her liver with laughter while attaching the heads of warriors to her back and girding hands to her waist{{sfn|Pope|1977|pages=606–607}} until she is pacified by a message of peace sent by her brother and consort, the god [[Baal|Baʿlu]].{{sfn|Pope|1977|page=601}}<br />
<br />
The Hindu goddess Kali similarly wore a necklace of severed heads and a girdle of severed hands, and was pacified by her consort, Śiva, throwing himself under her feet. The sickle sword wielded by Kali might also have been connected to similar sickle swords used in [[Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)|early dynastic]] [[Mesopotamia]].{{sfn|Pope|1977|pages=608}}<br />
<br />
=== Egyptian Sekhmet ===<br />
According to an [[Ancient Egypt]]ian myth, called {{transliteration|en|The Deliverance of Mankind from Destruction}}, the ancient Egyptian supreme god, the Sun-god [[Ra]], suspected that mankind was plotting against him, and so he sent the goddess [[Hathor]], who was the incarnation of his violent feminine aspect, the [[Eye of Ra]], to destroy his enemies.{{sfn|Pope|1977|pages=607–608}}<br />
<br />
Furthermore, Hathor appeared as the lion-goddess [[Sekhmet]] and carried out Ra's orders until she became so captured by her blood-lust that she would not stop despite Ra himself becoming distressed and wishing an end to the killing. Therefore, Ra concocted a ruse whereby a plain was flooded with beer which had been dyed red, which Sekhmet mistook for blood and drank until she became too inebriated to continue killing, thus saving humanity from destruction.{{sfn|Pope|1977|pages=607–608}}<br />
<br />
Similarly, while killing demons, Kālī became ecstatic with the joy of battle and slaughter and refused to stop, so that the [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]] feared she would destroy the world, and she was stopped through ruse when her consort Śiva threw himself under her feet.{{sfn|Pope|1977|pages=608}}<br />
<br />
==In popular culture==<br />
[[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Spring 1972.jpg|thumb|''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' magazine cover, 1972]]<br />
A 1939 American [[adventure film]]'', [[Gunga Din (film)|Gunga Din]]'', features a resurgent sect of [[Thuggee]]s as worshippers of Kali who are at war with the British Raj.<ref>{{Cite book |doi=10.4324/9780203720707 |title=South Asian Transnationalisms |date=2014-02-25 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-71832-9 |editor-last=Sinha |editor-first=Babli |pages=88–89}}</ref> In the [[Beatles]]' 1965 film ''[[Help! (film)|Help!]]'', [[Ringo Starr]] is pursued by Kali worshippers intending to sacrifice him.<ref name="Magic Circles">{{cite book |last1=McKinney |first1=Devin |title=Magic Circles: The Beatles in Dream and History |date=2003 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-01202-8 |page=78 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NODXwtg3SIkC&dq=%22Help!%22+Beatles+Kali&pg=PA78 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Vampires' Most Wanted">{{cite book |last1=Enright |first1=Laura |title=Vampires' Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Bloodthirsty Biters, Stake-wielding Slayers, and Other Undead Oddities |date=30 June 2011 |publisher=[[Potomac Books]], Inc. |isbn=978-1-59797-752-4 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kbM7fOH5SI0C&dq=%22Help!%22+Beatles+Kali&pg=PT12 |language=en}}</ref> In ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'' (1984), an action-adventure film which takes place in 1935, a Thuggee cult of Kali worshippers are villains.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ganguly |first1=Swagato |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_0wDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Indiana+Jones+and+the+Temple+of+Doom%22+kali&pg=PT12 |title=Idolatry and the Colonial Idea of India: Visions of Horror, Allegories of Enlightenment |date=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1351584678 |language=en |access-date=6 January 2019}}</ref> An Indian television series, ''[[Mahakali — Anth Hi Aarambh Hai]]'' (2017), has [[Parvati]] (Mahakali), Shiva's consort, assuming varied forms to destroy evil and protect the innocent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nathan |first=Leona |date=2017-07-23 |title=Mahakali – Anth Hi Aarambh Hai: Pooja Sharma Says, Playing Mahakali Is A Lifetime Experience |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/mahakali-anth-hi-aarambh-hai-pooja-sharma-says-playing-mahakali-is-a-lifetime-experience-2342973/ |access-date=2020-09-27 |website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
A modern version of Kali was featured on the cover of the first issue of feminist magazine ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'', published in 1972, with Kali's arms symbolizing the many tasks of the contemporary American woman.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lemak |first1=Jennifer A. |last2=Hopkins-Benton |first2=Ashley |title=Votes for Women: Celebrating New York's Suffrage Centennial |date=2017 |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |isbn=978-1-4384-6732-0 |pages=204 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuo_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA204 |access-date=2 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Donald |first1=Brooke |title=The feminist struggle continues, Gloria Steinem says, encouraging a Stanford audience toward 'one new subversive thing' |url=https://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/january/gloria-steinem-talk-012712.html |website=[[Stanford University]] |access-date=2 July 2020 |language=en |date=27 January 2012}}</ref> The [[tongue and lips logo]] of the band [[The Rolling Stones]], created in 1971, was inspired by the stuck-out tongue of Kali.<ref>{{cite news |last=Coscarelli |first=Joe |date=7 June 2015 |title=Art of the Rolling Stones: Behind That Zipper and That Tongue |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/08/arts/music/art-of-the-rolling-stones-behind-that-zipper-and-that-tongue.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611105409/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/08/arts/music/art-of-the-rolling-stones-behind-that-zipper-and-that-tongue.html |archive-date=11 June 2015 |access-date=9 June 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Fornatale |first1=Peter |url=https://archive.org/details/50licksmythsstor00forn |title=50 Licks: Myths and Stories from Half a Century of the Rolling Stones |date=2013 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1408833834 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/50licksmythsstor00forn/page/126 126] |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{Refbegin|30em}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Bowker |first1=John |title=Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Religions |year=2000 |publisher=Oxford Press |ref=refBowker2000}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Bunce |first1=Frederick W. |title=A Dictionary of Buddhist and Hindu Iconography (Illustrated) |year=1997 |publisher=D.K. Print World |ref=refBunce1997}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Craven |first1=Roy C. |title=Indian Art (revised) |year=1997 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |ref=refCraven1997}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Harshananda |first1=Swami |title=Hindu Gods & Goddesses |year=1981 |publisher=Ramakrishna Math |ref=refHarshananda1981}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Mishra |first1=T. N. |title=Impact of Tantra on Religion and Art |year=1997 |publisher=D.K. Print World |ref=refMishra1997}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Santideva |first1=Sadhu |title=Ascetic Mysticism |year=2000 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |ref=refSantideva2000}}<br />
* Loriliai Biernacki, ''Renowned Goddess of Desire: Women, Sex, and Speech in Tantra'' Oxford Scholarship Online: September 2007, {{doi| 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327823.001.0001}}, {{ISBN|978-0195327823}}<br />
* {{cite book |editor-last=Haussig |editor-first=Hans Wilhelm |editor-link=:de:Hans Wilhelm Haussig |last1=Pope |first1=Marvin H. |author-link1=Marvin H. Pope |last2=Röllig |first2=Wolfgang |author-link2=:de:Wolfgang Röllig |date=1965 |title=Götter und Mythen im Vorderen Orient |trans-title=Gods and Myths in the Middle East |chapter=Syrien: Die Mythologie der Ugariter und Phönizier |trans-chapter=Syria: The Mythology of the Ugarites and Phoenicians |language=de |url= |location=[[Stuttgart]], Germany |publisher=[[:de:Ernst Klett Verlag|Ernst Klett Verlag]] |pages=217–312 |isbn=}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Pope |first=Marvin H. |author-link=Marvin H. Pope |date=1977 |title=Song of Songs |series=[[Anchor Bible Series|The Anchor Bible]] |volume=7C |url= |location=New York City, United States |publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]] |isbn=978-0-385-00569-2}}<br />
* Shanmukha Anantha Natha and Shri Ma Kristina Baird, ''Divine Initiation'' Shri Kali Publications (2001) {{ISBN|0-9582324-0-7}} – Has a chapter on Mahadevi with a commentary on the ''Devi Mahatmyam'' from the Markandeya Purana.<br />
* Ajit Mookerjee, ''Kali: The Feminine Force'' {{ISBN|0-89281-212-5}}<br />
* [[Swami Satyananda Saraswati]], ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=in__-R6lm6sC Kali Puja]'' {{ISBN|1-887472-64-9}}<br />
* [[Ramprasad Sen]], ''Grace and Mercy in Her Wild Hair: Selected Poems to the Mother Goddess'' {{ISBN|0-934252-94-7}}<br />
* [[Sir John Woodroffe]] (a.k.a. Arthur Avalon) ''Hymns to the Goddess and Hymn to Kali'' {{ISBN|81-85988-16-1}}<br />
* Robert E. Svoboda, ''Aghora, at the left hand of God'' {{ISBN|0-914732-21-8}}<br />
* [[Dimitri Kitsikis]], ''L'Orocc, dans l'âge de Kali'' {{ISBN|2-89040-359-9}}<br />
* [[Lex Hixon]], ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=HzNAYrZgtekC Mother of the Universe: Visions of the Goddess and Tantric Hymns of Enlightenment]'' {{ISBN|0-8356-0702-X}}<br />
* Neela Bhattacharya Saxena, ''In the Beginning is Desire: Tracing Kali's Footprints in Indian Literature'' {{ISBN|81-87981-61-X}}<br />
* ''The Goddess Kali of Kolkata'' ({{ISBN|81-7476-514-X}}) by Shoma A. Chatterji<br />
* ''[[Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend]]'' ({{ISBN|0-500-51088-1}}) by Anna Dallapiccola<br />
* ''In Praise of The Goddess: The Devimahatmyam and Its Meaning'' ({{ISBN|0-89254-080-X}}) by Devadatta Kali<br />
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-c_j8Xggl0gC Seeking Mahadevi: Constructing the Identities of the Hindu Great Goddess]'' ({{ISBN|0-791-45008-2}}) Edited by Tracy Pintchman<br />
* ''[https://archive.org/details/riseofgoddessinh0000pint The Rise of the Goddess in the Hindu Tradition]'' ({{ISBN|0-7914-2112-0}}) by Tracy Pintchman<br />
* [https://www.academia.edu/19972617/Phalaharini_Kali_Prabuddha_Bharata_January_2016 Narasimhananda, Swami, Prabuddha Bharata, January 2016, The Phalaharini Kali.]<br />
{{Refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kali Kali] at the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''<br />
<br />
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{{Subject bar|Hinduism|India|Religion|auto=y|d=y|s=Kali the Mother}}<br />
{{Shaktism}}<br />
{{Hindu Deities and Texts}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
{{Good article}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kali| ]]<br />
[[Category:Death goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Destroyer goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Creator goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Forms of Parvati]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Justice goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Mahavidyas]]<br />
[[Category:Mother goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Supernatural beings identified with Christian saints]]<br />
[[Category:Time and fate goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:War goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Buddhist goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Sinhalese Buddhist deities]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pitbull_(rapper)&diff=456890Pitbull (rapper)2026-03-29T09:34:15Z<p>KandacePolding: added information after review and cleaned formatting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|American rapper (born 1981)}}<br />
{{pp-blp|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Pitbull<br />
| image = Pitbull (52703405994) (cropped).jpg<br />
| alt = Headshot of a bearded Pitbull with sunglasses<br />
| caption = Pitbull in 2023<br />
| birth_name = Armando Christian Pérez<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=y|1981|01|15}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Miami]], Florida, U.S.<br />
| education = <!-- Per MOS:INFOEDU, for post-secondary graduates only --><br />
| alias = {{hlist|Mr. 305|Mr. Worldwide}}<br />
| occupation = {{flatlist|<br />
* Rapper<br />
* singer<br />
* songwriter<br />
* businessman<br />
* actor<br />
}}<br />
| years_active = 1998–present<br />
| works = [[Pitbull discography|Discography]]<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Pitbull|Full list]]<br />
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes<br />
| background = solo_singer<br />
| genre = {{flatlist|<br />
* [[Hip-hop]]<ref name="Taylor-2007">{{cite web|url=https://www.rapreviews.com/archive/2007_11F_boatlift.html|title=Feature for November 20, 2007 - Pitbull's "The Boatlift"|last=Taylor|first=Patrick|website=RapReviews|date=November 20, 2007|access-date=November 20, 2011|archive-date=March 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313172451/http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/2007_11F_boatlift.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* [[Latin hip-hop]]<ref name="Taylor-2007"/><br />
* [[reggaeton]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Khan |first1=Bryan |last2=Bonadio |first2=Enrico |last3=Niaah |first3=Sonjah Stanley |title=The lawsuit that could bring reggaetón to its knees |url=https://theconversation.com/the-lawsuit-that-could-bring-reggaeton-to-its-knees-232779 |website=The Conversation |date=25 June 2024}}</ref><br />
* [[pop rap]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musictimes.com/articles/81330/20200413/pitbull-drops-powerful-new-anthem-donates-proceeds-against-coronavirus-effort.htm|title=Pitbull Drops Powerful New Anthem and Donates All Proceeds Against Coronavirus Effort|date=April 13, 2020|access-date=February 4, 2021|archive-date=September 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927064239/https://www.musictimes.com/articles/81330/20200413/pitbull-drops-powerful-new-anthem-donates-proceeds-against-coronavirus-effort.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* [[Pop music|pop]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wang |first1=Steffanee |last2=Renshaw |first2=David |title=The 10 essential songs of recession pop |url=https://www.thefader.com/2025/04/16/what-is-recession-pop-songs-meaning-playlist |website=The Fader |language=en |date=April 16, 2025}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
| label = {{flatlist|<br />
* [[RCA Records|RCA]]<br />
* [[Polo Grounds Music|Polo Grounds]]<br />
* [[Mr. 305 Inc.]]<br />
* [[Sony Music Latin|Sony Latin]]<br />
* [[The Orchard (company)|Radical by The Orchard]]<br />
* [[Poe Boy Entertainment|Poe Boy]]<br />
* Bad Boy Latino<br />
* [[Ultra Records|Ultra]]<br />
* [[J Records|J]]<br />
* [[TVT Records|TVT]]<br />
* [[Luke Records|Luke]]<br />
}}<br />
| website = {{URL|pitbullmusic.com}}<br />
}}<br />
| signature = Pitbull sig.svg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Armando Christian Pérez''' (born January 15, 1981), known professionally as '''Pitbull''', is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and actor. He began his career in the early 2000s as a [[reggaeton]], [[Latin hip-hop]], and [[crunk music|crunk]] performer, and signed with [[TVT Records]] to release his debut album, ''[[M.I.A.M.I.]]'' (2004). Executive produced by [[Lil Jon]], the album entered the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] along with his second and third albums, ''[[El Mariel]]'' (2006) and ''[[The Boatlift]]'' (2007).<ref name="Jeffries">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p542550|title=Pitbull – Biography|last=Jeffries|first=David|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=November 16, 2009|archive-date=June 12, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612050634/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p542550|url-status=live}}</ref> His fourth album, ''[[Pitbull Starring in Rebelution]]'' (2009), yielded his mainstream breakthrough, spawning the singles "[[I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)]]" and "[[Hotel Room Service]]"—which peaked at numbers two and eight on the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], respectively.<br />
<br />
After [[rebranding]] himself as a [[pop music|pop artist]], Pitbull's sixth and seventh albums, ''[[Planet Pit]]'' (2011) and ''[[Global Warming (Pitbull album)|Global Warming]]'' (2012) were both met with continued commercial success; the former spawned his first ''Billboard'' Hot 100-number one single "[[Give Me Everything]]" (featuring [[Ne-Yo]], [[Afrojack]] and [[Nayer]]), while the latter spawned the top ten hit "[[Feel This Moment]]" (featuring [[Christina Aguilera]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/pitbull-profile-3246917|title=Pitbull artist profile via ThoutCo|date=2018|publisher=ThoutCo|access-date=November 27, 2018|archive-date=April 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417040649/https://www.thoughtco.com/pitbull-profile-3246917|url-status=live}}</ref> His 2013 single, "[[Timber (Pitbull song)|Timber]]" (featuring [[Kesha]]), became his second song to peak the chart, and did so in 18 other countries. His 2014 single, "[[Time of Our Lives (Pitbull and Ne-Yo song)|Time of Our Lives]]" (with Ne-Yo), peaked within the chart's top ten and led his eighth album, ''[[Globalization (album)|Globalization]]'' (2014). That same year, he performed the song "[[We Are One (Ole Ola)]]" (with [[Jennifer Lopez]] and [[Claudia Leitte]]), which served as the [[List of FIFA World Cup anthems and songs|official theme]] of the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]]. Meanwhile, Pitbull made numerous [[guest appearance]]s on a number of hit songs, including the ''Billboard'' Hot 100-top four singles "[[I Like It (Enrique Iglesias song)|I Like It]]" by [[Enrique Iglesias]], "[[DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love]]" by [[Usher (musician)|Usher]], and "[[On the Floor (Jennifer Lopez song)|On the Floor]]" by [[Jennifer Lopez]].<br />
<br />
Pitbull's subsequent albums, ''[[Dale (album)|Dale]]'' (2015) and ''[[Climate Change (Pitbull album)|Climate Change]]'' (2017), trailed commercially. His eleventh album and first independent release, ''[[Libertad 548]]'' (2019) focused on [[Latin hip-hop]] and was led by the singles "[[No Lo Trates]]" (with [[Daddy Yankee]] and [[Natti Natasha]]) and "Me Quedaré Contigo" (featuring Ne-Yo). His twelfth album, ''Trackhouse'' (2023), delved further into Latin influences.<br />
<br />
Pitbull has sold over 25 million studio albums and over 100 million singles worldwide. He has over 15 billion views on [[YouTube]] as of May 2020.<ref>{{cite web| author = Songwriters Hall of Fame| url = https://www.songhall.org/awards/winner/pitbull| title = Armando Christian Pérez – Global Ambassador Award| work = songhall.org| date = 2017| access-date = May 22, 2020| archive-date = October 24, 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211024071516/https://www.songhall.org/awards/winner/pitbull| url-status = live}}</ref> He was ranked by ''Billboard'' as the 45th Top Artist of the 2010s and the 24th Top Latin Artist of the 2010s.<ref>{{cite magazine| author = Billboard| url = https://www.billboard.com/artist/pitbull/chart-history/3aa/| title = Top Artists of the 2010s| magazine = Billboard| date = December 30, 2019| access-date = May 22, 2020| archive-date = January 15, 2024| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240115221106/https://www.billboard.com/artist/pitbull/chart-history/3aa/| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine| author = Billboard| url = https://www.billboard.com/artist/pitbull/chart-history/3as/| title = Top Latin Artists of the 2010s| magazine = Billboard| date = December 30, 2019| access-date = May 22, 2020| archive-date = January 15, 2024| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240115221105/https://www.billboard.com/artist/pitbull/chart-history/3as/| url-status = live}}</ref> Pitbull's other ventures include [[brand ambassador]]ship and for various entities, activism and philanthropy in [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino American]] communities, a radio station—[[Pitbull's Globalization Radio|Pitbull's Globalization]]—on [[Sirius XM Radio]], and ownership of the [[Trackhouse Racing]] [[NASCAR]] team.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Cantor-Navas|first=Judy|title=Pitbull's 'We Are One (Ole, Ola)' Featuring Jennifer Lopez, Claudia Leitte Named FIFA'S Official World Cup Song.|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/pitbulls-fifa-world-cup-song-a-collab-with-jennifer-lopez-5877900/|magazine=Billboard|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|access-date=March 29, 2022|date=January 23, 2014|archive-date=January 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115221105/https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/pitbulls-fifa-world-cup-song-a-collab-with-jennifer-lopez-5877900/|url-status=live}}</ref> As of May 2019, Pitbull has won 35 [[Billboard Latin Music Awards|''Billboard'' Latin Music Awards]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2016/07/pitbull-miami-rapper-global-brand-ambassador|title=How Pitbull Went from Miami Street Rapper to Global Brand Ambassador|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=July 11, 2016|access-date=October 28, 2019|archive-date=August 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809012514/https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2016/07/pitbull-miami-rapper-global-brand-ambassador|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/05/05/720115291/short-steps-long-vision-an-interview-with-pitbull|title='Short Steps, Long Vision': An Interview With Pitbull|website=NPR|access-date=May 5, 2019|archive-date=January 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115221105/https://www.npr.org/2019/05/05/720115291/short-steps-long-vision-an-interview-with-pitbull|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and background==<br />
Armando Christian Pérez was born on January 15, 1981, in [[Miami, Florida]],<ref>{{cite news|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/fashion/03nite.html|title=A Night Out With Pitbull Can't Pin Him Down|first=Mirata|last=Ojito|date=December 3, 2006|access-date=February 23, 2017|archive-date=January 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115221105/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/fashion/03nite.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|first=Leila|last=Cobo|title=Pitbull Celebrates His Birthday at Miami School Event|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/pitbull-birthday-miami-school-6443506/|magazine=Billboard|date=January 15, 2015|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-date=January 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115221106/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/pitbull-birthday-miami-school-6443506/|url-status=live}}</ref> to [[Cubans|Cuban]] immigrant parents. While growing up, he was strongly encouraged by his family to "take advantage" of the privilege of living in America, and the opportunities that came with it.<ref name="Rosa-2019">{{Cite web|last=Rosa|first=Joanne|date=April 25, 2019|title=Pitbull on living up to his Cuban parents' American dream: 'You gotta take full advantage' of opportunities|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/pitbull-living-cuban-parents-american-dream-gotta-full/story?id=62625379|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230085703/https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Entertainment/pitbull-living-cuban-parents-american-dream-gotta-full/story?id=62625379|archive-date=December 30, 2021|access-date=January 22, 2022|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> His family has a history of fighting against the [[Castro regime]] in [[Cuba]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Garcia-Navarro|first=Lulu|date=May 5, 2019|title='Short Steps, Long Vision': An Interview With Pitbull|url=https://text.npr.org/720115291|access-date=January 22, 2022|website=[[NPR]]|archive-date=January 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115221105/https://text.npr.org/720115291|url-status=live}}</ref> When he was three, he could recite the works of Cuban national hero and poet [[José Martí]] in Spanish.<ref>{{cite web|last=Balmaseda|first=Liz|title=A new breed;|url=http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/columnists/liz_balmaseda/5135581.htm|work=The Miami Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030724130816/http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/columnists/liz_balmaseda/5135581.htm|archive-date=July 24, 2003|date=February 9, 2003}} Also alternatively titled "[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-7982985_ITM Miami rapper Pitbull is poised to sink his teeth into rap's big time] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120720182543/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-7982985_ITM |date=July 20, 2012 }}"</ref> He learned English by watching ''[[Sesame Street]]'' as a child.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Robinson|first=Lisa|date=July 11, 2016|title=How Pitbull Went from Miami Street Rapper to Global Brand Ambassador|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2016/07/pitbull-miami-rapper-global-brand-ambassador/amp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712154912/https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2016/07/pitbull-miami-rapper-global-brand-ambassador/amp|archive-date=July 12, 2016|access-date=January 22, 2022|website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref> <br />
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His father was largely absent from his childhood; his parents separated when he was young, and he was raised mostly by his mother,<ref name="Wiltz-2004">{{cite news|last=Wiltz|first=Teresa|date=July 25, 2004|title=Hustling to the Beat|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A9488-2004Jul23.html|access-date=August 16, 2009|archive-date=November 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112110211/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A9488-2004Jul23.html|url-status=live}}</ref> later stating: "my mom is my father and my mother."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shetler|first=Scott|date=November 20, 2012|title=Pitbull Talks Drug Abuse, Homelessness + Learning From His Mother|url=https://popcrush.com/pitbull-talks-drug-abuse-homelessness-learning-from-his-mother/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122175215/https://popcrush.com/pitbull-talks-drug-abuse-homelessness-learning-from-his-mother/|archive-date=January 22, 2022|access-date=January 22, 2022|website=PopCrush}}</ref> He briefly stayed with a [[foster family]] in [[Roswell, Georgia]]. His parents struggled with substance abuse; as a teenager, he was also involved with drug use and dealing, which eventually led to him getting kicked out of the family house.<ref name="Wiltz-2004" /> <br />
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He attended [[South Miami Senior High School]] and [[Miami Coral Park High School]]. His teacher, Hope Martinez, noticed his talent and got him an invitation to a [[DMX]] video shoot. He credits her for his success and says she changed his life.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kolgraf |first=Jackie |title=Pitbull's Teacher Launched His Career by Getting Him on a DMX Video Shoot |url=https://www.siriusxm.com/blog/pitbull-teacher-career-dmx-music-video |access-date=2025-11-12 |website=SiriusXM |language=en}}</ref> While growing up, he was influenced by the [[Miami bass]] genre of pop music<ref name="Jeffries" /> and has cited [[Celia Cruz]] and [[Willy Chirino]] as sources of inspiration,<ref>{{cite news|last=Herrera|first=Reynaldo Jr.|date=May 1, 2009|title=Pitbull Exclusive Interview|work=Open Your Eyes Magazine|url=http://www.oyemag.com/index.php/pitbull-rapper/|url-status=dead|access-date=December 26, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126083129/http://www.oyemag.com/index.php/pitbull-rapper/|archive-date=January 26, 2010}}</ref> in addition to rappers such as [[Nas]], [[Jay-Z]], and [[Snoop Dogg]]. He stated that Miami's [[melting pot]] characteristics exposed him to various cultures which influenced his artistry and himself as a person.<ref name="Rosa-2019" /><br />
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{{Blockquote|text=It's a melting pot. [...] I've grown up in good neighborhoods, bad neighborhoods, worse neighborhoods. But growing up around so many cultures, it's always allowed me to think out of the box and try new sounds and try new things. You learn something new from every culture, just like I learn something new from every record.|author=|title=Pitbull in 2019}}<br />
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==Career==<br />
===1998–2003: Luke Records and TVT Records===<br />
He said he chose his stage name of Pitbull because the dogs "bite to lock. The dog is too stupid to lose. And they're outlawed in [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Dade County]]. They're basically everything that I am. It's been a constant fight".<ref name="Wiltz-2004" /> Around the age of seventeen, Pitbull met manager [[Irv Gotti]] and was advised to go from only freestyle rapping to writing records.<ref>{{cite magazine | last=Ramirez | first=Erika | title=Exclusive: VH1 'Behind the Music' Season Stars Pitbull, T-Pain, Brandy, Nas, Akon & Game | magazine=Billboard | date=February 15, 2012 | url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/exclusive-vh1-behind-the-music-season-stars-pitbull-t-pain-brandy-505865/ | access-date=March 10, 2025}}</ref> <br />
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In 2001, Pitbull was signed to [[Luther Campbell]]'s [[Luke Records]] by Jullian Boothe, then the label's vice-president of A&R.<ref name=MTV /> Pitbull worked with [[Luther Campbell|Uncle Luke]] during his early career, being featured on Luke's 2001 album ''[[Somethin' Nasty]]'', including the single "Lollipop" along with [[Lil' Zane]].<ref name="Jeffries" /> In 2001, Pitbull was introduced to Robert Fernandez of Famous Artist Music & Management, an independent label and management company specializing in developing artists, by the Diaz Brothers, a producer duo signed to the company. Fernandez "saw the eagerness and hunger he had" and, with the Luke Records deal ending, began working to develop Pitbull. Together they focused on creating a more radio-friendly sound. Fernandez later told [[HitQuarters]]: "At that time his music had a lot of verses and took a long time to get into the hook, and so we took time in getting the songs catchier and less on the rap side." {{Citation needed|date=January 2017}}<br />
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Fernandez introduced Pitbull to [[Lil Jon]] in Miami,<ref name="Wiltz-2004" /> hoping to secure the rapper a small guest intro spot on Lil Jon's upcoming album ''Kings of Crunk.'' According to Fernandez, Jon took a liking to Pérez and offered him a track on the album; it is called "Pitbull's Cuban Ride Out". This track helped raise the young rapper's profile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/2011/August8_15_33_31.html |title=Interview with Robert Fernandez |publisher=[[HitQuarters]] |date=August 9, 2011 |access-date=August 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926113513/http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview%2F2011%2FAugust8_15_33_31.html |archive-date=September 26, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pitbull was featured on Lil Jon and the East Side Boyz' album ''[[Kings of Crunk]]'' in 2002.<ref name="Jeffries" /> Pitbull's song "Oye" was featured on the soundtrack to the film ''[[2 Fast 2 Furious]]'' the following year.<ref name="Wiltz-2004" /> In addition, Pitbull released several [[mixtape]]s, composed of [[freestyle rap|freestyles]] and remixes of popular rap music.<br />
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=== 2004–2005: ''M.I.A.M.I.'' ===<br />
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In 2004, Pitbull released his debut album ''[[M.I.A.M.I.]]'', with the lead single being "[[Culo (song)|Culo]]" produced by Lil Jon and the Diaz Brothers. It peaked at No. 32 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart and No. 11 on the Hot Rap Tracks chart. Other singles included "[[Dammit Man]]", "[[Back Up (Pitbull song)|Back Up]]", "[[Toma (song)|Toma]]", and "[[That's Nasty (song)|That's Nasty]]" (both featuring Lil Jon). He joined the [[Anger Management Tour]], the 2000 hip-hop concert tour headlined by [[Eminem]] and [[50 Cent]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1505227/for-the-record-quick-news-on-p-diddy-pitbull-gwen-stefani-luther-vandross-backstreet-boys-311-disturbed-more/|title=For The Record: Quick News On P. Diddy, Pitbull, Gwen Stefani, Luther Vandross, Backstreet Boys, 311, Disturbed & More|date=July 5, 2005|publisher=MTV News|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-date=May 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529033959/http://www.mtv.com/news/1505227/for-the-record-quick-news-on-p-diddy-pitbull-gwen-stefani-luther-vandross-backstreet-boys-311-disturbed-more/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pitbull also appeared on the [[Ying Yang Twins]]' single "Shake", which peaked at No.41 on the Hot 100 and No.12 on the rap chart, [[Adassa]]'s chart topping single "Kamasutra" & [[Twista]]'s "[[Hit the Floor (Twista song)|Hit the Floor]]" (#94 Hot 100, No. 20 Rap). The remix album ''[[Money Is Still a Major Issue]]'' was released in November 2005; it included new track "[[Everybody Get Up (Pitbull song)|Everybody Get Up]]", a duet with hip-hop/R&B group [[Pretty Ricky]].<br />
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[[TVT Records]], Pitbull's label at the time, and [[Slip-n-Slide Records]] disputed over the release of ''[[Welcome to the 305]]'', an unreleased album by Slip-n-Slide that Pitbull recorded in 2001.<ref name=MTV>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1507698/labels-fighting-over-music-pitbull-made-when-he-was-a-puppy/|title=Labels Fighting Over Music Pitbull Made When He Was A Puppy|last=Harris|first=Chris|date=August 16, 2005|publisher=MTV News|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425223242/http://www.mtv.com/news/1507698/labels-fighting-over-music-pitbull-made-when-he-was-a-puppy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Miami judge ruled that Slip-n-Slide had a legal right to release the album as it was recorded when Pitbull was a Slip-N-Slide artist, and prior to him signing with TVT Records.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1510938/for-the-record-quick-news-on-nick-and-jessica-dr-dre-green-day-ashanti-pitbull-wyclef-jean-more/|title=For The Record: Quick News On Nick And Jessica, Dr. Dre, Green Day, Ashanti, Pitbull, Wyclef Jean & More|date=October 5, 2005|publisher=MTV News|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425223242/http://www.mtv.com/news/1510938/for-the-record-quick-news-on-nick-and-jessica-dr-dre-green-day-ashanti-pitbull-wyclef-jean-more/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A US District Court judge affirmed the decision further.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1522917/for-the-record-quick-news-on-britney-lindsay-fugees-ludacris-dave-chappelle-ti-bravery-more/|title=For The Record: Quick News On Britney, Lindsay, Fugees, Ludacris, Dave Chappelle, T.I., Bravery & More|date=January 31, 2006|publisher=MTV News|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-date=May 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525012207/https://www.mtv.com/news/1522917/for-the-record-quick-news-on-britney-lindsay-fugees-ludacris-dave-chappelle-ti-bravery-more/|url-status=dead}}</ref> TVT was then ordered in March 2007 to pay Slip-n-Slide $9.1&nbsp;million for attempting to block the album's release to record stores and digital download entities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1554956/for-the-record-quick-news-on-kanye-high-school-musical-angels-airwaves-gwen-diddy-public-enemy-more/|title=For The Record: Quick News On Kanye, 'High School Musical,' Angels & Airwaves, Gwen, Diddy, Public Enemy & More|date=March 19, 2007|publisher=MTV News|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425223242/http://www.mtv.com/news/1554956/for-the-record-quick-news-on-kanye-high-school-musical-angels-airwaves-gwen-diddy-public-enemy-more/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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In 2005, Pitbull and rapper [[Sean Combs|Sean "Diddy" Combs]] co-founded Bad Boy Latino, a subsidiary of Combs's [[Bad Boy Records]] label. It primarily focuses on [[Latin hip-hop]], [[Latin soul]], [[Latin pop]] and other [[tropical music]] and has offices in New York and [[Miami|Miami, Florida]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rapbasement.com/puff-daddy/p-diddy-pitbull-launch-bad-boy-latino.html |title=P Diddy & Pitbull launch Bad Boy Latino &#124; P Diddy |publisher=Rap Basement |date=April 29, 2005 |access-date=June 15, 2011 |archive-date=April 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406183121/http://www.rapbasement.com/puff-daddy/p-diddy-pitbull-launch-bad-boy-latino.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hispanicsurf.com/newsroom/2005/pdiddy_to_launch_badboy_latino-050205.htm |title=P.Diddy to launch "Bad Boy Latino" |publisher=Hispanicsurf.com |date=May 2, 2005 |access-date=June 15, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711171002/http://www.hispanicsurf.com/newsroom/2005/pdiddy_to_launch_badboy_latino-050205.htm |archive-date=July 11, 2011 }}</ref> Along with co-founding it, Pérez currently heads the [[Artists and repertoire|A&R]] division of the label.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latinrapper.com/pitbull_rapper_interview.html|title=From the Kennel to the Streets: Pitbull Brings Miami Heat|work=Latin Rapper|access-date=April 11, 2012|archive-date=November 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101224647/http://www.latinrapper.com/pitbull_rapper_interview.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.badboyforever.com/article/pitbull-speaks-about-bad-boy-latino |title=Pitbull speaks about Bad Boy Latino |publisher=Bad Boy Forever |access-date=June 15, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904212732/http://www.badboyforever.com/article/pitbull-speaks-about-bad-boy-latino |archive-date=September 4, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/bad-boy-latino-launches-1407365/ |title=Bad Boy Latino Launches |magazine=Billboard |date=August 25, 2005 |access-date=June 15, 2011 |archive-date=January 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116123556/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/bad-boy-latino-launches-1407365/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===2006–2007: ''El Mariel'' and ''The Boatlift''===<br />
In January 2006, Pitbull guest-starred in [[UPN]]'s ''[[South Beach (2006 TV series)|South Beach]]''. Pitbull recorded "[[Nuestro Himno]]" in collaboration with [[Wyclef Jean]], [[Carlos Ponce]], and [[Olga Tañón]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/spanish-version-of-star-spangled-banner-draws-protests|title=Spanish Version of 'Star-Spangled Banner' Draws Protests|date=April 28, 2006|publisher=Fox News|agency=Associated Press|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102174312/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,193533,00.html|archive-date=November 2, 2012}}</ref> On ''[[Listennn... the Album]]'', the debut album by [[Terror Squad (group)|Terror Squad]] member and Miami radio personality [[DJ Khaled]], Pitbull performed on three singles: "[[Holla at Me]]" and "[[Born-N-Raised]]" alongside other Southern-based rappers.<br />
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He dedicated the album to his father, who died in May that year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pitbull-sinks-his-teeth-into-new-album/|title=Pitbull Sinks His Teeth Into New Album|last=Faber|first=Judy|date=September 27, 2006|work=[[CBS News]]|access-date=August 17, 2009|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200130/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/09/26/entertainment/main2042098.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Along with the usual party-oriented tracks, Pitbull also included politically themed tracks in ''El Mariel''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1540922/20060914/pitbull_2_.jhtml|title=Pitbull Barks About Parties, Politics On October's El Mariel|last=Rodriguez|first=Jayson|date=September 15, 2006|publisher=MTV News|access-date=August 9, 2009|archive-date=February 29, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229075651/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1540922/20060914/pitbull_2_.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The album was released on October 31, 2006, and included singles "[[Bojangles (song)|Bojangles]]", "[[Ay Chico (Lengua Afuera)]]", "[[Fuego (Pitbull song)|Fuego]]", and duet with Puerto Rican singer [[R.K.M & Ken-Y|Ken-Y]], "[[Dime/Tell Me (Remix)|Dime (Remix)]]". ''El Mariel'' topped the ''Billboard'' independent albums chart<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/r858313|title=El Mariel > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=August 9, 2009|archive-date=May 2, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502073906/http://www.allmusic.com/album/r858313|url-status=live}}</ref> and peaked at No. 17 on the ''Billboard'' 200 and No. 2 on the rap chart. In 2011, a "Bojangles" remix was released featuring [[DJ Lady Tribe]], who he toured with at the 2005, ''[[Hot Import Nights]]'' tour.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pitbull Headlines Phoenix Hot Import Nights in Special One-Night Appearance at Cricket Pavilion |url=https://top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=17129 |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=Top40-Charts.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Pitbull's third album, titled ''[[The Boatlift]]'', was released on November 27, 2007, spawned by the single "[[Secret Admirer (song)|Secret Admirer]]" featuring [[Lloyd (singer)|Lloyd]] on the chorus. Earlier, Pitbull announced that this album would have a more [[gangsta rap]] edge than his earlier albums.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1558115/20070426/pitbull_2_.jhtml|title=Lil Jon, Trick Daddy Among Boatload Of Guests On Pitbull's Boatlift|last=Rodriguez|first=Jayson|date=April 27, 2007|publisher=MTV News|access-date=August 9, 2009|archive-date=January 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110041553/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1558115/20070426/pitbull_2_.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Subsequent singles included "[[Go Girl (Pitbull song)|Go Girl]]" featuring [[Trina]], and "[[The Anthem (Pitbull song)|The Anthem]]" featuring and produced [[Lil Jon]], that song sampling the hook from the song "El Africano" by [[Wilfrido Vargas]] and the beat from the song "[[Calabria (song)|Calabria]]" by [[Rune RK]]. "Go Girl" peaked at No. 80 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and No. 36 on the Hot Rap Tracks chart; "The Anthem" No. 36 on the Hot 100 and No.11 on the Hot Rap Tracks.<br />
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His variety show, ''Pitbull's La Esquina'', debuted May 2007 and ran through 2009 on the [[mun2]] cable network.<ref>[http://www.latinrapper.com/pitbull-boatlift-interview.html Hustle and Row: All Aboard Pitbull's Boatlift] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402171429/http://www.latinrapper.com/pitbull-boatlift-interview.html |date=April 2, 2014 }}. Latinrapper.com. Retrieved on April 11, 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Rapper To Host 'Pitbull's La Esquina' |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/rapper-to-host-pitbulls-la-esquina-1326737/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=March 29, 2022 |date=February 10, 2007 |archive-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425223243/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/rapper-to-host-pitbulls-la-esquina-1326737/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/26/AR2007092601051_pf.html|title=Viva Entrepreneurship|last=Edelhauser|first=Kristin|date=September 25, 2007|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=August 17, 2009|archive-date=November 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112075714/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/26/AR2007092601051_pf.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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Pitbull also appeared on [[DJ Laz]]' "[[Move Shake Drop]]" and [[DJ Felli Fel]]'s "[[Feel It (DJ Felli Fel song)|Feel It]]".<br />
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=== 2008–2010: ''Pitbull Starring in Rebelution'' and ''Armando'' ===<br />
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[[File:Pitbull 2009-12-15 photoby Adam-Bielawski.jpg|thumb|Pitbull performing at the [[Allstate Arena]], [[WBBM-FM|B96 Jingle Bash]], Chicago]]<br />
For his fourth studio album ''[[Pitbull Starring in Rebelution]]'', Pitbull released "[[I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)]]" through [[Ultra Records]] after his former label TVT Records went out of business. "[[Krazy (Pitbull song)|Krazy]]" peaked at No. 30 on the Hot 100 and No. 11 on the Hot Rap Tracks charts. "I Know You Want Me" peaked at No. 2 on the Hot 100 and peaked within the top ten spots of charts in the United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, and the Netherlands. The song reached No. 1 in France and the [[European Hot 100 Singles|European Hot 100]] in the week ending August 29, 2009, according to ''Billboard'' magazine. "I Know You Want Me" ended at position 17 on the [[Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2009]]. He later signed with [[Polo Grounds Music]] through [[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony Music]] and created his own label [[Mr. 305 Inc.]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1613531/20090609/pitbull_2_.jhtml|title=Pitbull Leads A Tour Of His Miami|last=Reid|first=Shaheem|date=June 9, 2009|publisher=MTV News|access-date=August 9, 2009|archive-date=June 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612065324/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1613531/20090609/pitbull_2_.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The single "[[Hotel Room Service]]", which samples "[[Push the Feeling On]]", peaked at No. 9 on the Hot 100. The album went on to sell over 7.5&nbsp;million worldwide digital singles and albums combined.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://planetpit.com/2011/02/15/pitbulls-rebelution-sold-over-7-5-million-worldwide-digital-singles-and-albums-combined/|title=Pitbull's Rebelution Sold Over 7.5&nbsp;million Worldwide Digital Singles and Albums Combined}}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Quan|first1=Denise|title=Rapper Pitbull true to his Cuban heritage|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Music/10/24/pitbull.rapper/index.html|work=CNN|date=October 24, 2009|access-date=July 23, 2017|archive-date=March 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308032516/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Music/10/24/pitbull.rapper/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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On their second collaboration since "Go Girl", Pitbull appeared on the debut single of rapper David Rush (formerly Young Bo$$), "[[Shooting Star (David Rush song)|Shooting Star]]", also with [[Kevin Rudolf]] and [[LMFAO (group)|LMFAO]]. An amateur video of Pitbull punching a disruptive audience member at a Colorado concert leaked onto the Internet in late May 2009. Pitbull explained to MTV News that it was because the fan kept throwing cash around the stage, and after Pitbull pulled him up to the stage, he threw a stash of money right in Pitbull's face.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1612255/pitbull-on-punching-disruptive-fan-natural-instinct-kicked-in/|title=Pitbull On Punching Disruptive Fan: 'Natural Instinct Kicked In'|last=Reid|first=Shaheem|date=May 27, 2009|publisher=MTV News|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-date=May 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527115047/http://www.mtv.com/news/1612255/pitbull-on-punching-disruptive-fan-natural-instinct-kicked-in/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br />
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He was tapped by the [[Miami Dolphins]] to work alongside [[T-Pain]] and [[Jimmy Buffett]] to release a new fight song for the Dolphins.<ref>[http://www.hhspot.com/cover-story/t-pain-pitbull-remake-miami-dolphins-fight-song-279.html T-Pain, Pitbull Remake Miami Dolphins Fight Song] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711164424/http://www.hhspot.com/cover-story/t-pain-pitbull-remake-miami-dolphins-fight-song-279.html |date=July 11, 2011 }}. Hhspot.com. Retrieved on April 11, 2012.</ref> The city of Miami granted Pitbull a "Key to the City" honor on August 19, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Change the Locks! Pitbull Gets Keys to Miami|url=https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/change-the-locks-pitbull-gets-keys-to-miami/1843819/|publisher=WTVJ|access-date=March 29, 2022|date=August 20, 2009|archive-date=January 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116123556/https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/change-the-locks-pitbull-gets-keys-to-miami/1843819/|url-status=live}}</ref> Another popular single from 2009 was "[[Blanco (Pitbull song)|Blanco]]", featuring [[Pharrell Williams]] of [[The Neptunes]] from the soundtrack to the movie [[Fast & Furious (soundtrack)|Fast & Furious]]. Pitbull recorded a remix with Mexican pop diva [[Paulina Rubio]] for her single "[[Ni Rosas Ni Juguetes]]" in November 2009.<br />
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In 2010, Pitbull performed the rap section in the Haiti benefit song "Somos El Mundo", a Spanish version of "[[We Are the World]]", that included a huge group of Latin artists led by Emilio and [[Gloria Estefan]]. He was also a featured guest on [[Janet Jackson]]'s "Heart, Beat, Love" in addition to "[[Armada Latina]]", the fourth single off the album ''[[Rise Up (Cypress Hill album)|Rise Up]]'' by Latin rap legends, [[Cypress Hill]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.djbooth.net/index/tracks/review/janet-jackson-heart-beat-love|title=Janet Jackson ft. Pitbull, Machel Montano and Rock City – Heart, Beat, Love|work=DJ Booth|publisher=Cuff, Quentin|date=February 23, 2010|access-date=July 3, 2014|archive-date=September 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924182752/http://djbooth.net/index/tracks/review/janet-jackson-heart-beat-love|url-status=live}}</ref> The song was produced by [[Jim Jonsin]] and also features American salsa singer [[Marc Anthony]]. Pitbull then collaborated with [[Alexandra Burke]] on the single "[[All Night Long (Alexandra Burke song)|All Night Long]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://loft965.com/2010/03/21/alexandra-burke-to-release-all-night-long-with-pitbull-as-single/ |title=Alexandra Burke to release "All Night Long" with Pitbull as single " LOFT965 |publisher=Loft965 |date=March 21, 2010 |access-date=April 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727123755/http://loft965.com/2010/03/21/alexandra-burke-to-release-all-night-long-with-pitbull-as-single/ |archive-date=July 27, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was also featured on "[[DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love]]" by [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]].<br />
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Pitbull released his full-length debut Spanish-language album titled ''[[Armando (album)|Armando]]'' on November 2, 2010. He was also one of the most nominated artists of the 2011 [[Billboard Latin Music Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|title=CONGRATULATIONS! PITBULL Nominated for a Billboard Music Award |url=http://planetpit.com/2011/04/13/congratulations-pitbull-nominated-for-a-billboard-music-award/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415201956/http://planetpit.com/2011/04/13/congratulations-pitbull-nominated-for-a-billboard-music-award/ |archive-date=April 15, 2011 }}</ref> He garnered seven nominations for "Latin Rhythm Airplay, Song of the Year" for "[[Bon, Bon]]"; "Latin Rhythm Airplay, Artist of the Year, Solo Artist"; "Latin Rhythm Albums, Album of the Year" for [[Armando (album)|Armando]]; "Latin Rhythm Albums, Artist of the Year, Solo Artist"; "Social 50, Latin Artist of the Year"; "Latin Digital Download of the Year" for "Bon, Bon" and "Hot Latin Song of the Year, Vocal Event" for the song "[[I Like It (Enrique Iglesias song)|I Like It]]" alongside [[Enrique Iglesias]]. He also won Telehit's award for "Most Popular Artist".<ref>{{cite web|title=New Photos Of Pitbull and Vein at Premio Lo Nuestro!|url=http://planetpit.com/2011/02/21/new-photos-of-pitbull-and-vein-at-premio-lo-nuestro/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226081625/http://planetpit.com/2011/02/21/new-photos-of-pitbull-and-vein-at-premio-lo-nuestro/|archive-date=February 26, 2011}}</ref><br />
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=== 2011: ''Planet Pit'' ===<br />
{{further|Planet Pit}}<br />
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[[File:Pitbull the rapper in performance (2011).jpg|thumb|Pitbull performing in 2011]]<br />
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In April 2011, [[Jennifer Lopez]] released ''[[Love?]]'', which featured Pitbull on two singles. "[[Fresh Out the Oven]]" did not meet with critical or popular success, but the second cut, "[[On the Floor]]", was a certified hit. The single went on to make its [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] debut at number nine, becoming the highest debuting Hot 100 single of Lopez's career.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idCATRE7227DV20110303 |title=Idol judge Jennifer Lopez leaps into singles chart |publisher=Reuters. / [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]. ([[Prometheus Global Media]]) |last=Trust |first=Gary |date=March 3, 2011 |access-date=March 6, 2011 |archive-date=July 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715175422/http://ca.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idCATRE7227DV20110303 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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Pitbull released ''Planet Pit'' on June 17, 2011. Pitbull collaborated with T-Pain on its first single, which became a moderate hit; "[[Hey Baby (Drop It to the Floor)]]", which peaked at No. 7 on the Hot 100.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vozick-Levinson|first=Simon|title=Pitbull's Global Hustle Can't Be Stopped|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/pitbulls-global-hustle-cant-be-stopped-181970/|access-date=March 29, 2022|newspaper=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=November 14, 2012|archive-date=March 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329153405/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/pitbulls-global-hustle-cant-be-stopped-181970/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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On March 22, 2011, Pitbull released his second single, "[[Give Me Everything]]", which features American singers [[Ne-Yo]] and [[Nayer]] as well as Dutch DJ [[Afrojack]], who also produced the song and co-wrote it with Matt Howard, Pitbull himself and Ne-Yo.; three months later, the song became Pitbull's first single to top the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]. It was ranked No. 5 on the 2011 ''Billboard'' Year-End Chart.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/pitbulls-give-me-everything-powers-to-no-1-on-hot-100-469483/|title=Pitbull's 'Give Me Everything' Powers to No. 1 on Hot 100|first=Gary|last=Trust|date=June 29, 2011|magazine=Billboard|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-date=March 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315033905/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/pitbulls-give-me-everything-powers-to-no-1-on-hot-100-469483/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/hot-100-songs|title=Hot 100 Songs: 2011 Year-End Charts – Billboard|magazine=Billboard|access-date=October 31, 2015|archive-date=June 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624035308/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/hot-100-songs|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In August 2011, [[Lindsay Lohan]] sued Pitbull, Ne-Yo and Afrojack in response to the song's lyrics referencing her name, "I've got it locked up like Lindsay Lohan." Lohan objected to the negative connotation of the line and claimed that she should have been compensated for the use of her name in the song. The case was dismissed by a federal judge, who ruled the tune's lyrics are protected by the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]], which covers freedom of speech and creative expression.<ref>{{cite web|last=Finn|first=Natalie|title=News/ Lindsay Lohan Loses: Lawsuit Over Pitbull's "Give Me Everything" Lyrics Dismissed|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/390618/lindsay-lohan-loses-lawsuit-over-pitbull-s-give-me-everything-lyrics-dismissed|publisher=E! Online|access-date=June 20, 2013|date=February 21, 2013|archive-date=July 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702180752/http://www.eonline.com/news/390618/lindsay-lohan-loses-lawsuit-over-pitbull-s-give-me-everything-lyrics-dismissed|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://music.msn.com/music/article.aspx?news=665489&gt1=28102 Lindsay Lohan sues Pitbull – MSN Music News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609033338/http://music.msn.com/music/article.aspx?news=665489&gt1=28102 |date=June 9, 2013 }}. MSN Music, August 22, 2011. Retrieved on April 11, 2012.</ref><br />
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=== 2012–2013: ''Global Warming'', ''Meltdown'' & ''Men in Black 3'' ===<br />
[[File:PitbullHWOFMay2013.jpg|thumb|Pitbull in 2013]]<br />
On October 7, 2011, [[RCA Music Group]] announced it was disbanding [[J Records]] along with [[Arista Records]] and [[Jive Records]]. With the shutdown, Pitbull (and all other artists previously signed to these three labels) would release future material on the [[RCA Records]] brand.<br />
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On May 8, 2012, he collaborated with the Italian DJ [[Gabry Ponte]] for the song "''[[Beat on My Drum]]''".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.piemontegroove.com/en/gabry-ponte-feat-pitbull-sophia-del-carmen-in-beat-on-my-drum/ |title=- GABRY PONTE feat. Pitbull & Sophia Del Carmen in "Beat On My Drum" |access-date=December 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129064747/http://www.piemontegroove.com/en/gabry-ponte-feat-pitbull-sophia-del-carmen-in-beat-on-my-drum/ |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><br />
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Pitbull's seventh studio album was titled "Global Warming" and released on November 16, 2012. Pitbull explained that the title reflected the fact that, much like the phenomenon of global warming, he has been around for a while but all of a sudden, people are paying attention.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pitbull Explains New Album Title, Reveals What He's Most Thankful for This Year|url=http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2012/11/20/pitbull-explains-new-album-title-reveals-what-hes-most-thank.html|publisher=ABC News Radio|access-date=April 11, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230126/http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2012/11/20/pitbull-explains-new-album-title-reveals-what-hes-most-thank.html|archive-date=December 2, 2013}}</ref> The lead single from the album was "[[Get It Started]]" featuring singer [[Shakira]]. The third single was "[[Feel This Moment]]" featuring [[Christina Aguilera]].<br />
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The second single, entitled "[[Back in Time (Pitbull song)|Back in Time]]", was for the film ''[[Men in Black 3]]''. It was the first lead single for the ''Men in Black'' franchise not performed by [[Will Smith]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/men-black-pitbull-back-time-will-smith-tommy-lee-jones-304285/ |title=Pitbull Goes 'Back in Time' for 'Men In Black III' Theme Song |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=March 26, 2012 |access-date=March 29, 2022 |first=Sophie A. |last=Schillaci |archive-date=January 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116123556/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/men-black-pitbull-back-time-will-smith-tommy-lee-jones-304285/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The song, which plays during the end credits but is not featured on the soundtrack album, samples "[[Love Is Strange]]" by [[Mickey & Sylvia]]. Pitbull supported the album with a world tour in the summer of 2013.<br />
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In 2013, Pitbull released a diss track towards [[Lil Wayne]] called "Welcome 2 Dade County" shortly after Lil Wayne's rant on the [[Miami Heat]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://allhiphop.com/headlines/pitbull-welcome-2-dade-county-lil-wayne-diss/ | title=Pitbull "Welcome 2 Dade County" (Lil Wayne Diss) | website=AllHipHop | access-date=March 29, 2022 | last=Raze | first=Steve | date=February 25, 2013 | archive-date=January 16, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116123557/https://allhiphop.com/headlines/pitbull-welcome-2-dade-county-lil-wayne-diss/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Pitbull made his film debut in [[Epic (2013 film)|Epic]] with a voice role of the character "Bufo". He embarked on the [[North American Tour 2013|North American/Australian Summer Tour]] with [[Kesha]] to promote both their albums, which extends from May to November.<br />
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In April 2013, Pitbull released "Open Letter (Freestyle)" in response to the controversy surrounding [[Jay-Z]] and [[Beyoncé]]'s trip to Cuba, using the track to voice support for the couple while engaging with Cuban-American political identity and taking aim at Senator [[Marco Rubio]]'s criticism of the visit.<ref>Sierra, Horacio. "The Cuban-American Sound Machine: Nostalgia and Identity in the Music of Celia Cruz, Gloria Estefan and Pitbull." ''International Journal of Cuban Studies'' 10, no. 2 (2018): 256–60.</ref><br />
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He released his song "[[Feel This Moment]]" featuring [[Christina Aguilera]] on January 18, 2013, and they performed it live at the [[2013 Billboard Music Awards]], as well as on the [[The Voice (American season 4)|fourth season]] of ''[[The Voice (American TV series)|The Voice]]''. The song was a commercial success, peaking at No. 8 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. Later he released the final single from his Global Warming album, [[Outta Nowhere]] featuring [[Danny Mercer]], in late May. At the [[Latin Grammy Awards of 2013|2013 Latin Grammy Awards]], Pitbull won the award for [[Latin Grammy Award for Best Urban Performance|Best Urban Performance]] for his song "[[Echa Pa'lla (Manos Pa'rriba)]]".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Khoshaba|first1=Christy|title=Latin Grammys 2013: The complete list of winners and nominees|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/music/la-et-ms-latin-grammys-2013-nominees-winners-list-story.html#page=1|access-date=October 21, 2014|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=November 21, 2013|archive-date=December 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229111648/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/music/la-et-ms-latin-grammys-2013-nominees-winners-list-story.html#page=1|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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Pitbull announced via [[Twitter]] that he would release the extended play to his studio album Global Warming, named [[Global Warming: Meltdown]] on November 25, featuring guest appearances from [[Kesha]], [[Kelly Rowland]], [[Inna]], [[Mohombi]] and [[Mayer Hawthorne]]. The lead single, "[[Timber (Pitbull song)|Timber]]", featuring recording artist and tourmate Kesha, was released on October 7. The song peaked at No. 1 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in 18 countries.<br />
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Pitbull was featured on the early summer single "[[Live It Up (Jennifer Lopez song)|Live It Up]]", marking his third collaboration with [[Jennifer Lopez]] and [[Redone]]. Lopez and Pitbull performed the song at the Billboard Music Awards, ''[[American Idol]]'' and ''[[Premios Juventud]]''. He also made album appearances for [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Flo Rida]], [[Jessica Mauboy]], [[Belinda Peregrín|Belinda]], [[Jason Derulo]] and other artists. Pitbull provided the post-race concert at the Formula 1 United States Grand Prix at Circuit of the Americas on November 17, 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://circuitoftheamericas.com/f1 |title=2014 United States Grand Prix |publisher=Circuit of the Americas |access-date=July 31, 2014 |archive-date=July 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720153424/http://circuitoftheamericas.com/f1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pitbull hosted the [[American Music Awards of 2013|2013 American Music Awards]] on November 24, 2013.<br />
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===2014–2015: ''Globalization'' and ''Dale''===<br />
[[File:Enrique Iglesias and Pitbull 2015.jpg|thumb|left|Pitbull performing with [[Enrique Iglesias]] at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas, 2015]]<br />
Pitbull, Jennifer Lopez and [[Claudia Leitte]] performed the song "We Are One" at the opening ceremony of the 2014 World Cup.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/24/sport/football/world-cup-song-jennifer-lopez-football/ | title=Pitbull teams up with Jennifer Lopez for official 2014 World Cup song | publisher=CNN | date=January 24, 2014 | access-date=January 29, 2014 | archive-date=January 28, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140128025943/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/24/sport/football/world-cup-song-jennifer-lopez-football | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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On February 25, 2014, Pitbull released a new single titled "[[Wild Wild Love]]" featuring recording artist group [[G.R.L.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/wild-wild-love-feat-g-r-l/826678108 |title=Wild Wild Love (feat. G.R.L.) – Single by Pitbull |publisher=Apple Music |date=February 25, 2014 |access-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329153406/https://music.apple.com/us/album/wild-wild-love-feat-g-r-l/826678108 |url-status=live }}</ref> It has peaked at number 30 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wild Wild Love|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/pitbull/chart-history/hsi/|publisher=Billboard|access-date=April 11, 2018|archive-date=November 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117200612/https://www.billboard.com/artist/pitbull/chart-history/hsi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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On April 15, 2014, Pitbull released a single featuring [[Jennifer Lopez]] and [[Claudia Leitte]] called "[[We Are One (Ole Ola)]]" from the compilation album for the FIFA 2014 World Cup ''[[One Love, One Rhythm – The 2014 FIFA World Cup Official Album|One Love, One Rhythm]]''.<br />
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In May 2014, it was announced that Pitbull would host and co-produce a live New Year's Eve concert special from Miami for [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]], ''[[Pitbull's New Year's Revolution]]'', on December 31, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pitbull to Host New Year's Eve Live Show for Fox|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/pitbull-host-new-years-eve-703133/|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 12, 2014|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-date=March 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329153406/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/pitbull-host-new-years-eve-703133/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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[[File:The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2014 30.jpg|thumb|right|Pitbull (left) with [[Claudia Leitte]] and [[Jennifer Lopez]] performing at the [[2014 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony]]]]<br />
On June 12, 2014, Pitbull performed at the [[Arena Corinthians|Arena de São Paulo]] as part of the [[2014 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony]]. This performance saw him joined by [[Jennifer Lopez]] and [[Claudia Leitte]] to perform the tournament's official song "[[We Are One (Ole Ola)]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27779059|title=World Cup 2014 kicks off with colourful ceremony|date=June 12, 2014|website=Bbc.co.uk|access-date=November 27, 2018|archive-date=July 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722154744/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27779059|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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The song drew some controversy for not being a good enough representation of Brazil, which was the host country of the World Cup that year. Critics condemned the song's lyrical content for being filled with [[cliches]] about Brazilian culture, as well as for not containing enough lyrics in Portuguese. Others called it a "bad, boring, replaceable pop song."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carson|first=Dan|date=June 11, 2014|title=Brazilian Soccer Fans Not Happy with Pitbull's 2014 World Cup Theme Song|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2093960-brazilian-soccer-fans-not-happy-with-pitbulls-2014-world-cup-theme-song|access-date=February 2, 2022|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|archive-date=February 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202093437/https://syndication.bleacherreport.com/amp/2093960-brazilian-soccer-fans-not-happy-with-pitbulls-2014-world-cup-theme-song.amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In June 2014, it was announced that Pitbull would be receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://guardianlv.com/2014/06/hollywood-walk-of-fame-honors-pharrell-and-pitbull|title=Hollywood Walk of Fame Honors Pharrell and Pitbull|work=Guardian Liberty Voice|last=Cole|first=Tyler|date=June 22, 2014|access-date=June 23, 2014|archive-date=July 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715224455/http://guardianlv.com/2014/06/hollywood-walk-of-fame-honors-pharrell-and-pitbull/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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On July 8, 2014, Pitbull released a Spanish-language single titled "Como Yo Le Doy" featuring [[Don Miguelo]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Como Yo Le Doy (feat. Don Miguelo) by Pitbull |date=June 9, 2014 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/song/como-yo-le-doy-feat-don-miguelo/985343920 |access-date=November 14, 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=November 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114225935/https://music.apple.com/us/song/como-yo-le-doy-feat-don-miguelo/985343920 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2014 |title=Pitbull y Don Miguelo estrenan el vídeoclip del tema 'Como yo le doy' {{!}} Popelera |url=https://www.popelera.net/pitbull-y-don-miguelo-estrenan-el-videoclip-del-tema-como-yo-le-doy/ |access-date=November 14, 2023 |language=es |archive-date=November 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114225851/https://www.popelera.net/pitbull-y-don-miguelo-estrenan-el-videoclip-del-tema-como-yo-le-doy/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On July 23, 2014, Pitbull released another single titled "[[Fireball (Pitbull song)|Fireball]]", which features singer [[John Ryan (singer)|John Ryan]] Produced by Honua Music. Around the same time, he announced his eighth studio album ''[[Globalization (album)|Globalization]]'', which was released on November 21, 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rutherford|first1=Kevin|title=Pitbull Announces New Album 'Globalization': Listen to New Single 'Fireball'|url=http://radio.com/2014/07/23/pitbull-fireball-new-song-john-ryan-globalization-album-2014/|access-date=July 23, 2014|publisher=radio.com|date=July 23, 2014|archive-date=October 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010040426/http://radio.com/2014/07/23/pitbull-fireball-new-song-john-ryan-globalization-album-2014/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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On October 18, 2014, Pitbull released another single titled "Celebrate" which was included on the ''[[Penguins of Madagascar]]'' soundtrack and later included on the album ''[[Globalization (album)|Globalization]]''. ''Globalization'' was released alongside single "[[Time of Our Lives (Pitbull and Ne-Yo song)|Time of Our Lives]]", which was Pitbull's first top ten hit since "[[Timber (Pitbull song)|Timber]]", peaking at #9 on the Hot 100. It also topped the [[Hot Dance Club Songs]], [[Hot Rap Songs]], and [[Rhythmic (chart)|Rhythmic]] charts. On November 20, 2014, Pitbull released another Spanish-language single titled "Piensas (Dile la Verdad)" featuring [[Gente de Zona]].<br />
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On April 21, 2015, Pitbull released his sixth single on the ''Globalization'' album titled "[[Fun (Pitbull song)|Fun]]" featuring [[Chris Brown]] and peaked at number 40 on the Hot 100. On May 8, 2015, Pitbull released a teaser video on Twitter of his upcoming second Spanish studio album and ninth studio album overall titled ''[[Dale (album)|Dale]]''. The album was officially released on July 17, 2015, and included the singles "Como Yo Le Doy", "Piensas (Dile la Verdad)", "El Taxi", and "[[Baddest Girl in Town]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/tw/album/dale/1009103024?ign-mpt=uo%3D4|title=Dale by Pitbull|work=Apple Music|date=July 17, 2015|access-date=August 29, 2015|archive-date=March 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329153405/https://music.apple.com/tw/album/dale/1009103024?ign-mpt=uo%3D4|url-status=dead}}</ref> The album led to Pitbull winning his [[Grammy Award]] in the category of [[Grammy Award for Best Latin Rock, Urban or Alternative Album|Best Latin Rock, Urban or Alternative Album]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Cobo|first1=Leila|author-link1=Leila Cobo|title=Pitbull & Natalia Lafourcade Tie for 2016 Grammy Win|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/pitbull-natalia-lafourcade-tie-grammy-latin-win-6875273/|magazine=Billboard|access-date=March 29, 2022|date=February 15, 2016|archive-date=March 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329153410/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/pitbull-natalia-lafourcade-tie-grammy-latin-win-6875273/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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===2015–2018: ''Climate Change'', ''Greatest Hits'', and ''Gotti''===<br />
On October 26, 2015, Pitbull released a new single titled "Free.K", which samples [[Adina Howard]]'s "[[Freak like Me]]" in the chorus. The song was set to be the first single off his tenth studio album titled ''[[Climate Change (album)|Climate Change]]''.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} On January 7, 2016, Pitbull premiered the second single from his new album titled "Freedom", which also samples [[The Rolling Stones]] song "[[I'm Free (The Rolling Stones song)|I'm Free]]" in the chorus. To coincide with the release of the single, the artist also teased a 2017 [[Norwegian Cruise Line|Norwegian]] party cruise. There is a campaign that launched in January 2016 in support of the cruise that is expected to last until later in the year.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/pitbull-freedom-teases-norwegian-party-cruise-6836515/|title=Pitbull's 'Freedom' Teases Norwegian Party Cruise|magazine=Billboard|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-date=March 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329153412/https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/pitbull-freedom-teases-norwegian-party-cruise-6836515/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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That same month, Pitbull recorded a song for the movie ''[[Ride Along 2]]'' titled "I'm 'Bout That". The song is unavailable on music platforms for unknown reasons.<br />
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On February 14, 2017, Pitbull announced that ''Climate Change'' would be released on March 17, with pre-orders starting on February 17.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/pitbull-release-date-new-album-climate-change-7693343/|title=Pitbull Sets Release Date for New Album 'Climate Change'|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-date=March 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329153405/https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/pitbull-release-date-new-album-climate-change-7693343/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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Pitbull collaborated with American girl group [[Fifth Harmony]] on "[[Por Favor (song)|Por Favor]]" <small>(released October 27, 2017)</small> before announcing his 5th compilation album, titled ''Pitbull Greatest Hits''. The thirteen track album features eleven of Pitbull's most successful leading artist songs, accompanied by "Jungle (with Stereotypes featuring [[Abraham Mateo]] and [[E-40]])" and "Locas (featuring [[Lil Jon]])", two brand new Pitbull songs. The deluxe edition of the album released exclusively in Japan featured a 14th track, "Celebrate". The compilation album was released worldwide on December 1, 2017.<br />
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Pitbull released his first full-length soundtrack album for the film ''[[Gotti (2018 film)|Gotti]]'' alongside Jorge Gómez on June 16, 2018. Pitbull is featured on two tracks on the album, "So Sorry" and "Amore" (featuring [[Leona Lewis]]).<br />
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===2019–2020: YouTube history and ''Libertad 548''===<br />
Pitbull collaborated with Indian singer-songwriter [[Guru Randhawa]] on the song "[[Slowly Slowly (Guru Randhawa song)|Slowly Slowly]]", released by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] on April 19, 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Guru Randhawa's most anticipated track Slowly Slowly featuring Pitbull is out now |url=http://www.uniindia.net/~/guru-randhawa-s-most-anticipated-track-slowly-slowly-featuring-pitbull-is-out-now/Entertainment/news/1569160.html |access-date=March 29, 2022 |work=Uni India |date=April 19, 2019 |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329153405/http://www.uniindia.net/~/guru-randhawa-s-most-anticipated-track-slowly-slowly-featuring-pitbull-is-out-now/Entertainment/news/1569160.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Slowly Slowly: T-Series goes international with Guru Randhawa-Pitbull collaboration |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/slowly-slowly-guru-randhawa-pitbull-t-series-5683776/ |access-date=April 19, 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=April 19, 2019 |language=en-IN |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420133949/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/slowly-slowly-guru-randhawa-pitbull-t-series-5683776/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|hGsVLXnFgbA|SLOWLY SLOWLY {{!}} Guru Randhawa ft. Pitbull}}</ref> The song's music video received 38 million views on [[YouTube]] within 24 hours, becoming one of the world's all-time most-viewed music videos in 24 hours.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |others=BuzzDesk|title=Punjabi Singer Guru Randhawa Grooves to His Latest Hit Track 'Slowly Slowly' as he Celebrates The Success of The Peppy Song |url=https://www.india.com/buzz/punjabi-singer-guru-randhawa-grooves-to-his-latest-hit-track-slowly-slowly-as-he-celebrates-the-success-of-the-peppy-song-3636863/ |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=[[India.com]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]] |date=April 20, 2019 |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420153144/https://www.india.com/buzz/punjabi-singer-guru-randhawa-grooves-to-his-latest-hit-track-slowly-slowly-as-he-celebrates-the-success-of-the-peppy-song-3636863/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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Pitbull's eleventh studio album, ''[[Libertad 548]]'', was released on September 27, 2019. The album included the Spanish hit single "[[No Lo Trates]]" featuring Daddy Yankee and Natti Natasha, which is RIAA Latin certified 6× Platinum (360,000+ sales). The album's second single "3 to Tango" went viral for [[John Travolta]]'s surprise guest appearance in the song's official music video. The album's third single "Me Quedaré Contigo" was premiered at the 2019 [[Latin American Music Awards]], and peaked at #1 on the [[Latin Airplay]] and [[Latin Rhythm Airplay]] [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] charts in the United States. The album's first promotional single, "Winning" featuring Yomil y El Dany, is a part of the [[Boost Mobile]] "Dale Más" advertising campaign.<ref name="DALE MÁS | Get More from Boost Mobile and Pitbull">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wF84YSQrsjM "DALE MÁS | Get More from Boost Mobile and Pitbull"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227164053/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wF84YSQrsjM |date=February 27, 2020 }} from [[YouTube]] (October 17, 2019)</ref> <br />
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The album's fourth single "[[Get Ready (Pitbull song)|Get Ready]]" featuring [[Blake Shelton]], which was premiered live by Pitbull at the [[Super Bowl LIV]] Tailgate Tropicale pre-game show, was later added to the "Dale Más" advertising campaign for a series of pre-game [[Super Bowl commercials]] for Super Bowl LIV, and a remixed version of the single serves as the official theme song for the [[2020 NASCAR Cup Series]]. The album's second promotional single, "Cinco de Mayo" with [[Lil Jon]] featuring Chesca, was released on May 5, 2020. The promotional single was performed live at the [[Premio Lo Nuestro 2020]]. The performance gained over 2 million views on YouTube as of July 2020.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpEcxrjsxbg Pitbull – Premio Lo Nuestro Awards 2020 Live Performance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616154750/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpEcxrjsxbg&gl=US&hl=en |date=June 16, 2020 }} from [[YouTube]] (February 20, 2020)</ref> <br />
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The album's fifth single, "Mueve La Cintura" featuring [[Tito El Bambino]] and [[Guru Randhawa]], was released on June 8, 2020. An accompanying music video, which was filmed in 2019 and directed by David Rousseau, was also premiered on that same date.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcEf5i0OvY4|title=tbull ft. Tito El Bambino & Guru Randhawa – Mueve La Cintura (Official Video)|website=[[YouTube]]|date=June 8, 2020|access-date=June 7, 2020|archive-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608063032/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcEf5i0OvY4&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 17, 2020, the remix of "Mala", the original of which is found on ''Libertad 548'', was released as a single. The song, titled "Mala (Remix)", features [[Becky G]] and additional guest vocals from [[De La Ghetto]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mr305.ffm.to/mala|title=Mala (Remix) – Single by Pitbull|website=[[Mr. 305 Inc.]]|access-date=July 15, 2020|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425222056/https://mr305.ffm.to/mala|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In 2020, amid the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], [[LiveXLive]] launched a partnership with Pitbull, which would grant the platform exclusive rights to concerts, behind-the-scenes, videos and more from Pitbull to be streamed to LiveXLive's premium subscribers.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pitbull-partners-with-livexlive-for-multi-year-deal-to-develop-produce--distribute-unique-original-content-301092792.html|title=Pitbull Partners With LiveXLive For Multi-Year Deal To Develop, Produce & Distribute Unique Original Content|website=PR Newswire|access-date=July 16, 2020|archive-date=July 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716083625/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pitbull-partners-with-livexlive-for-multi-year-deal-to-develop-produce--distribute-unique-original-content-301092792.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On August 14, 2020, Pitbull released a new single, titled "Te Quiero Baby (I Love You Baby)" with Latin pop singer Chesca and American singer [[Frankie Valli]]. The single serves as a Latin interpolation of the original [[The Four Seasons (band)|Frankie Valli & The Four Seasons]] 1967 smash hit single "[[Can't Take My Eyes Off You]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlwIDfqkDHs|title=Chesca, Pitbull, Frankie Valli – Te Quiero Baby (I Love You Baby)|website=YouTube|date=August 14, 2020 |access-date=August 18, 2020|archive-date=May 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523045929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlwIDfqkDHs|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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===2021–present: Returning to touring and ''Trackhouse''===<br />
On June 22, 2021, Pitbull announced across all of his official social media platforms the I Feel Good Tour, named after his [[I Feel Good|single of the same name]], and his first dedicated tour since 2017's [[Enrique Iglesias and Pitbull Live]]! North American tour. The 32 city tour featured special guest [[Iggy Azalea]] and began on August 20, 2021, in Clarkston, Michigan and spanned across the United States through October 13, 2021, in Tampa, Florida.<ref>{{cite web| author = Icon Vs. Icon| url = https://www.iconvsicon.com/2021/06/22/pitbull-announces-dates-for-2021-i-feel-good-tour-with-special-guest-iggy-azalea/| title = Pitbull Announces Dates For 2021 'I Feel Good Tour'; With Special Guest Iggy Azalea| work = Icon vs Icon| date = June 22, 2021| access-date = June 22, 2021| archive-date = September 2, 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220902062656/https://www.iconvsicon.com/2021/06/22/pitbull-announces-dates-for-2021-i-feel-good-tour-with-special-guest-iggy-azalea/| url-status = dead}}</ref> On February 24, 2022, Pitbull performed with [[IAmChino|IAMCHINO]] and DJ [[Deorro]] on the live-debut of their late-2021 single, "[[Pitbull discography|Discoteca]]", at the 2022 [[Lo Nuestro Awards|Premio Lo Nuestro]] awards.<ref>{{citation|title=Pitbull, Deorro y IAmChino en Premio Lo Nuestro 2022: revive la presentación de 'Discoteca'|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLljKQaQ9AY&lc=UgwSbItAwytCqcd_x5F4AaABAg.9YrVzf-8b3W9YrnUDozKmm|date=February 25, 2022|website=YouTube|language=es|access-date=February 25, 2022|archive-date=May 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523045930/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLljKQaQ9AY&lc=UgwSbItAwytCqcd_x5F4AaABAg.9YrVzf-8b3W9YrnUDozKmm|url-status=live}}</ref> The song samples "[[Around the World (La La La La La)]]" by Eurodance group [[A Touch of Class (band)|ATC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvCoNNGyvZ0 |title=Discoteca - IAmChino x Pitbull (Official Audio)|date=December 29, 2021 |via=[[YouTube]]|access-date=December 30, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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On April 11, 2022, Pitbull announced the Can't Stop Us Tour with Iggy Azalea and [[Sean Paul]]. This marks the second consecutive year Pitbull has toured with Iggy Azalea. Pitbull and Sean Paul have previously collaborated on their hit song, "[[Shake Señora]]", from Pitbull's sixth studio album, ''[[Planet Pit]]'' (2011). The tour began on July 28, 2022, in Raleigh, North Carolina and concluded in Hollywood, Florida on October 19, 2022.<ref>{{cite web | author = Icon Vs. Icon | url = https://www.iconvsicon.com/2021/06/22/pitbull-announces-dates-for-2021-i-feel-good-tour-with-special-guest-iggy-azalea/ | title = Mr. Worldwide returns! @pitbull is bringing the #CantStopUsNowTour! Get more info here | work = iconvsicon.com | date = June 22, 2021 | access-date = June 22, 2021 | archive-date = September 2, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220902062656/https://www.iconvsicon.com/2021/06/22/pitbull-announces-dates-for-2021-i-feel-good-tour-with-special-guest-iggy-azalea/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> {{Update inline|date=August 2022}}<br />
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On April 20, 2023, Pitbull performed a medley of his songs "Let's Take a Shot", "Me Pone Mal" and "Jumpin" with Vikina, Omar Courtz and [[Lil Jon]] at the 2023 [[Latin American Music Awards of 2023|Latin American Music Awards]].<br />
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On October 6, 2023, Pitbull released his long-awaited twelfth studio album ''Trackhouse'', featuring guest appearances from [[T-Pain]], El Micha, [[Lil Jon]], [[Elvis Crespo]], Vikina, Omar Courtz, [[Nile Rodgers]], [[Gipsy Kings]] and [[Zac Brown]]. It entered number one on the U.S. [[iTunes]] Latin Album Charts.<br />
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On July 20, 2024, Pitbull performed at the half-time show of the [[2024 WNBA All-Star Game]]. On November 14, he went on stage with [[Jon Bon Jovi]] at the [[25th Annual Latin Grammy Awards]] to perform "Now or Never", a remix of [[Bon Jovi]]'s 2000 hit single "[[It's My Life (Bon Jovi song)|It's My Life]]".<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/bon-jovi-pitbull-now-or-never-song-its-my-life-remix-announcement-1235818533/ |title=Bon Jovi & Pitbull Announce Collab 'Now Or Never,' a Remix of the Classic 'It's My Life' |first=Sigal |last=Ratner-Arias |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=December 3, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/jon-bon-jovi-pitbull-live-debut-latin-grammys-1236207869/ |title=Jon Bon Jovi and Pitbull Pump Up the Latin Grammys With 'Now or Never' Performance |first=Emiliana |last=Betancourt |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 14, 2024 |access-date=December 3, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/music/2024/11/08/672e8faa46163f29a68b4590.html |title=Bon Jovi and Pitbull release 'Now Or Never', the remix of 'It's My Life' |first=Blake |last=Reynolds |newspaper=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]] |date=November 8, 2024 |access-date=December 3, 2024}}</ref><br />
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==Product endorsements==<br />
In 2010, Pitbull took part in the "So Kodak" campaign for the [[Eastman Kodak|Kodak]] brand<ref>[http://www.latinrapper.com/news-pitbull-so-kodak.html Pitbull, Drake and Trey Songz Embody "So Kodak"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428043437/http://www.latinrapper.com/news-pitbull-so-kodak.html |date=April 28, 2015 }}. Latin Rapper. Retrieved on April 11, 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Wall Street Journal: Kodak Refocuses To Address Younger, Hipper Audience|url=http://planetpit.com/2010/09/23/wsj-kodak-refocuses-to-address-younger-hipper-audience/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526155537/http://planetpit.com/2010/09/23/wsj-kodak-refocuses-to-address-younger-hipper-audience/|archive-date=May 26, 2011}}</ref> with [[Drake (musician)|Drake]], [[Rihanna]], and [[Trey Songz]]. He also launched a partnership with the soft drink giant [[Dr Pepper]]<ref>[http://www.latinrapper.com/pitbull-releases-ipad-app.html Pitbull Scores Two Latin Grammy Nods and Release iPad App] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005731/http://www.latinrapper.com/pitbull-releases-ipad-app.html |date=December 3, 2013 }}. Latinrapper.com. Retrieved on April 11, 2012.</ref> as part of the campaign "[[Vida 23]]" for which he recorded a song that featured on his album ''[[Armando (album)|Armando]]''. Pitbull also announced he has become the spokesperson for Voli Vodka,<ref>[http://www.latinrapper.com/pitbull-voli-vodka.html Pitbull Becomes Official Spokesman for Voli Vodka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521002133/http://www.latinrapper.com/pitbull-voli-vodka.html |date=May 21, 2011 }}. Latin Rapper Retrieved on April 11, 2012.</ref> in which he holds a majority equity stake,<ref>{{cite web|title=Pitbull Lands Equity Stake In Voli Vodka |url=http://planetpit.com/2011/03/25/pitbull-lands-equity-stake-in-voli-vodka/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110428194049/http://planetpit.com/2011/03/25/pitbull-lands-equity-stake-in-voli-vodka/ |archive-date=April 28, 2011 }}</ref> and Budweiser has chosen Pitbull to promote its Bud Light line of beer. The commercials currently highlight Pitbull dancing and gyrating on stage holding up a bottle of Bud Light. Pitbull has also purchased an equity stake in [[Miami Subs Pizza and Grill]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.franchisetimes.com/February-2013/Pitbull/ | title=Pitbull | publisher=Franchise Times | date=February 2013 | access-date=June 30, 2013 | author=Weingartner, Nancy | archive-date=June 20, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620140727/http://www.franchisetimes.com/February-2013/Pitbull/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Walker, Elaine. (July 24, 2012) [https://www.miamiherald.com/latest-news/article1941495.html Pitbull takes ownership in The New Miami Subs Grill] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211202047/https://www.miamiherald.com/latest-news/article1941495.html |date=February 11, 2020 }}. Miami Herald. Retrieved on March 29, 2022.</ref><br />
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In 2012, Pitbull was involved in an advertising campaign with [[Walmart]], in which the Walmart store that received the most Facebook "likes" from June 18 to July 15, 2012, would have Pitbull visit and put on a show there. An orchestrated campaign entitled "#exilepitbull" started by [[Boston Phoenix]] reporter David Thorpe<ref>[http://thephoenix.com/boston/music/140925-ig-hurt-help-us-help-wal-mart-exile-pitbull-/?page=2 The Big Hurt: Help us help Wal-Mart exile Pitbull to Alaska – Big Hurt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231128/http://thephoenix.com/boston/music/140925-ig-hurt-help-us-help-wal-mart-exile-pitbull-/?page=2 |date=December 2, 2013 }}. The Phoenix (July 11, 2012). Retrieved on July 11, 2013.</ref> and [[SomethingAwful.com]] writer Jon Hendren urged people to vote for the Walmart in [[Kodiak, Alaska]], one of the most remote cities in the country.<ref>{{cite journal | last = O'Leary | first = Joseph | title = Contest may send rapper Pitbull to Alaska Walmart | journal = Reuters | date = July 5, 2012 | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainment-us-usa-music-pitbull-idUSBRE86418020120705 | access-date = July 7, 2012 | archive-date = December 10, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151210064541/http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainment-us-usa-music-pitbull-idUSBRE86418020120705 | url-status = live }}</ref> In an email to the Associated Press, Walmart confirmed that Kodiak was the winning location.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Walmart: Rap star Pitbull to appear in Kodiak |journal=Anchorage Daily News |date=July 21, 2012 |url=http://www.adn.com/2012/07/21/2550498/walmart-rap-star-pitbull-to-appear.html |access-date=July 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727065644/http://www.adn.com/2012/07/21/2550498/walmart-rap-star-pitbull-to-appear.html |archive-date=July 27, 2012 }}</ref> Pitbull visited Kodiak on July 30, where he received a key to the city from Mayor Patricia Branson and performed. David Thorpe, who had started the "#exilepitbull" campaign, was invited to attend and showed up.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4DrFBkl1yc Pitbull Walmart Challenge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816233300/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4DrFBkl1yc |date=August 16, 2017 }}. YouTube (July 17, 2012). Retrieved on July 11, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Pitbull performs in Kodiak | journal = New York Daily News | date = July 31, 2012 | url = http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/pitbull-performs-kodiak-alaska-exiled-contest-hijacked-internet-prankster-article-1.1125687 | access-date = August 4, 2012 | archive-date = August 5, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120805060608/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/pitbull-performs-kodiak-alaska-exiled-contest-hijacked-internet-prankster-article-1.1125687 | url-status = live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In November 2013, he started a fragrance with Jacavi Worldwide and Parlux Ltd.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/fragrance/pitbull-shows-his-softer-side-with-scent-launch-7278942?src=n/newsAlert/20131115-1 | title=Pitbull Shows His Softer Side With Scent Launch | publisher=WWD | date=November 15, 2013 | access-date=November 15, 2013 | author=Julie Naughton and Pete Born | archive-date=February 9, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209124624/http://www.wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/fragrance/pitbull-shows-his-softer-side-with-scent-launch-7278942?src=n%2FnewsAlert%2F20131115-1 | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
On May 19, 2015, Pitbull launched a new radio channel on [[Sirius XM Radio]], called [[Pitbull's Globalization Radio]], which is centered around Rhythmic, Dance/EDM, and R&B/Hip-Hop product from artists from around the world.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Romero |first1=Angie |title=Pitbull to Launch His Own SiriusXM Channel |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/pitbull-siriusxm-channel-globalization-6509697/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=March 29, 2022 |date=March 25, 2015 |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329153411/https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/pitbull-siriusxm-channel-globalization-6509697/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pitbull lands his own radio network |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/pitbull-lands-his-own-radio-network/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=March 29, 2022 |date=March 27, 2015 |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523045854/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/pitbull-lands-his-own-radio-network/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The artist celebrated the channel's debut with a private concert at New York City's [[Apollo Theater]]. In addition to launching his customized radio station, Pitbull also plans to launch a pair of projects with [[Endemol]] for digital television.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Romero |first1=Angie |title=Pitbull to Launch Two New Original Series on Endemol Beyond Digital Network |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/pitbull-endemol-new-series-masterclass-pitbull-presents-6561030/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=March 29, 2022 |date=May 8, 2015 |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329153412/https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/pitbull-endemol-new-series-masterclass-pitbull-presents-6561030/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2019, Pitbull joined [[Boost Mobile]] to create a series of advertisements to expand Boost Mobile to Spanish communities. The promotional single "Winning" featuring Yomil y El Dany from Pitbull's 2019 album "[[Libertad 548]]" was used in the Boost Mobile "Dale Más" advertising campaign that has been actively rolling out advertisements starring Pitbull and his backup dance group The Most Bad Ones. The song "Get Ready" by Pitbull featuring [[Blake Shelton]] was later added to the advertising campaign, also from the Pitbull album Libertad 548.<ref name="DALE MÁS | Get More from Boost Mobile and Pitbull"/><br />
<br />
On February 2, 2020, Pitbull was featured in a [[Super Bowl commercial]] for [[Super Bowl LIV]], alongside [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[DJ Khaled]], [[Alex Rodriguez]], and [[Steven Van Zandt]]. The commercial was produced to promote [[Hard Rock Hotel|Hard Rock]] and its affiliations; the commercial premiered during the 2nd quarter of [[Super Bowl LIV]].<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHYiE4W4EO8 "Hard Rock | Big Game Commercial 2020 | Starring JLo, Arod, DJ Khaled, Pitbull and Steven Van Zandt"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209013253/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHYiE4W4EO8 |date=February 9, 2020 }} from [[YouTube]] (February 2, 2020)</ref> The commercial showcases the Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino, which is also where the music video for "Get Ready" by Pitbull featuring [[Blake Shelton]] was filmed. The music video was released on February 10, 2020.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ejdx6_hYTiY Pitbull – Get Ready] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209045720/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ejdx6_hYTiY |date=February 9, 2020 }} from [[YouTube]] (February 10, 2020)</ref><br />
<br />
==Business activities==<br />
<br />
[[File:Pitbull samples Voli 305.jpg|thumb|Pitbull samples Voli 305 Vodka at The Daytona hotel prior to the [[2024 Daytona 500]].]]<br />
In 2011, Pitbull signed an equity partnership deal with Voli Vodka. In 2016, he assumed ownership of the company, which rebranded as Voli 305 Vodka, with "305" being an ode to Pitbull's nickname, Mr. 305, and [[305 area code|Miami's main area code]].<ref name="Voli 305 Vodka Shop">{{Cite web |title=Voli 305 Vodka Shop |url=https://voli305vodkashop.com/ |access-date=February 28, 2024 |website=Voli 305 Vodka Shop |language=en-US |archive-date=February 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228121211/https://voli305vodkashop.com/ |url-status= }}</ref><br />
<br />
On January 15, 2021, it was announced that Pitbull became a co-owner of the [[NASCAR Cup Series]] team [[Trackhouse Racing]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nascar.com/news-media/2021/01/15/trackhouse-racing-team-pitbull-co-owner-2021-cup-series/|title=Trackhouse Racing Team adds Pitbull as team partner ahead of 2021 debut|work=[[NASCAR]]|date=January 15, 2021|access-date=January 15, 2021|archive-date=January 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115193420/https://www.nascar.com/news-media/2021/01/15/trackhouse-racing-team-pitbull-co-owner-2021-cup-series/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=January 15, 2021|title=Grammy winner Pitbull partners with Trackhouse Racing|url=https://racer.com/2021/01/15/grammy-winner-pitbull-partners-with-trackhouse-racing/|access-date=January 16, 2021|website=RACER|language=en-US|archive-date=December 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225224915/https://racer.com/2021/01/15/grammy-winner-pitbull-partners-with-trackhouse-racing/|url-status=live}}</ref> On February 14, 2025, Pitbull announced he ended his partnership with Trackhouse Racing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jayski.com/2025/02/14/pitbull-ending-partnership-with-trackhouse-racing/ |title=Pitbull ending partnership with Trackhouse Racing |website=[[Jayski's Silly Season Site]] |publisher=NASCAR Digital Media |date=February 14, 2025 |access-date=February 15, 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
On August 15, 2023, it was announced that Pitbull became an investor of the restaurant chain Cilantro Taco Grill.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fastcasual.com/news/pitbull-backed-fast-casual-striving-for-1k-units-in-10-years/|title=Pitbull-backed fast casual striving for 1K units in 10 years|work=[[Fast Casual]]|date=August 17, 2023|access-date=May 29, 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Impact and activism==<br />
Determined to help the Latino community in his hometown, Pitbull's social impact focus for the last decade has been closing the poverty gap through educational initiatives. He helped start a Tuition-Free Public charter for middle and high school called Sports Leadership and Management (SLAM!), which opened in 2013 in Miami's [[Little Havana]], the neighborhood where Pitbull grew up. SLAM! now operates nationwide, including in Miami, Las Vegas and Atlanta, with a 96 percent graduation rate. The school will be run by the non-profit [[Mater Academy]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2013/10/15/234683081/is-pitbull-mr-education-rapper-opens-charter-school-in-miami | title=Is Pitbull 'Mr. Education'? | publisher=National Public Radio | date=October 15, 2013 | access-date=February 4, 2014 | author=Sanchez, Claudio | archive-date=January 21, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121163652/http://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2013/10/15/234683081/is-pitbull-mr-education-rapper-opens-charter-school-in-miami | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In response to the destruction caused by [[Hurricane Maria]], Pitbull announced he will use his private plane to bring cancer patients from Puerto Rico to the mainland United States for treatment.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mashable.com/2017/09/27/pitbull-private-plane-puerto-rico-hurricane-maria/|title=Pitbull lends his private plane to help cancer patients in Puerto Rico get treatment they need|last=Candelario|first=Chelsea|work=Mashable|access-date=September 28, 2017|archive-date=September 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928072622/http://mashable.com/2017/09/27/pitbull-private-plane-puerto-rico-hurricane-maria/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On April 13, 2020, Pitbull released a single titled "I Believe That We Will Win (World Anthem)" (which samples the "[[I believe that we will win!]]" chant) during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The song aims to inspire those affected by the COVID-19 outbreak to "face everything and rise". An accompanying music video was released on May 7, 2020, on [[YouTube]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxMaHi91RkE|title=Pitbull – I Believe That We Will Win (World Anthem) [Official Video]|work=[[YouTube]]|access-date=May 6, 2020|archive-date=May 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508075528/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxMaHi91RkE|url-status=live}}</ref> and made its television debut on [[MTV]].<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=pitbull|number=1258051903159709697|title=The Official Video for "I Believe That We Will Win" premieres tomorrow at 9 AM on MTV Live and MTVU. Dale!|access-date=May 6, 2020}}</ref> Pitbull is donating all proceeds from song sales, streaming and views to [[Feeding America]] and the [[Anthony Robbins Foundation]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/03/listen-to-pitbulls-new-song-i-believe-we-will-win.html|title=Pitbull Delivers a Message of Hope in New Coronavirus Jam|last=Sinha|first=Charu|work=Mashable|access-date=March 28, 2020|language=en|archive-date=March 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329023009/https://www.vulture.com/2020/03/listen-to-pitbulls-new-song-i-believe-we-will-win.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Pitbull is a vocal critic of [[communism]] and the Cuban government, having called on world leaders to support the [[2021 Cuban protests|2021 protests]] against the [[Communist Party of Cuba]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ernst |first=Douglas |date=July 15, 2021 |title=Pitbull tells world to 'wake … up' over communist oppression in Cuba: 'This is about freedom' |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/jul/15/pitbull-tells-world-to-wake-up-over-communist-oppr/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311030230/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/jul/15/pitbull-tells-world-to-wake-up-over-communist-oppr/ |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |access-date=March 11, 2023 |website=The Washington Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
On December 31, 2020, Pitbull performed for a crowd of first responders in [[Times Square]] during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] for New Year's Eve.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jennifer Lopez, Pitbull Headlining NYE in Times Square for Frontline Heroes|url=https://www.tmz.com/2020/12/31/times-square-new-years-eve-jennifer-lopez-pitbull-j-lo-mgk-ball-drop-jonathan-bennett/|access-date=January 1, 2021|website=TMZ|date=December 31, 2020 |archive-date=January 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101084028/https://www.tmz.com/2020/12/31/times-square-new-years-eve-jennifer-lopez-pitbull-j-lo-mgk-ball-drop-jonathan-bennett/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Pitbull has also been the subject of criticism for the way women are depicted in some of his music, which has been called [[Sexism|sexist]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Music and misogyny: why we're all listening to sexist lyrics|url=https://www.stylist.co.uk/life/music-and-misogyny-why-were-all-listening-to-sexist-lyrics/56419|access-date=February 2, 2022|website=[[Stylist (magazine)|Stylist]]|date=March 26, 2014|archive-date=February 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202084215/https://www.stylist.co.uk/life/music-and-misogyny-why-were-all-listening-to-sexist-lyrics/56419|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mahadevan|first=Tara C.|date=April 26, 2018|title=Pitbull to Embark on Motivational Speaking Tour With 'Hero' Life Coach Tony Robbins|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2018/04/pitbull-to-embark-on-motivational-speaking-tour-with-hero-life-coach-tony-robbins/|access-date=February 1, 2022|website=[[Complex Networks|Complex]]|quote=Still, a lot of people aren't fans of the tour, particularly because many view Pitbull as sexist, and because Robbins is a fairly controversial figure.|archive-date=February 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201225247/https://www.complex.com/music/2018/04/pitbull-to-embark-on-motivational-speaking-tour-with-hero-life-coach-tony-robbins/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=McAteer|first=Oliver|date=September 27, 2019|title=Why the Pitbull outrage shouldn't be focus of Advertising Week|url=https://www.campaignlive.com/article/why-pitbull-outrage-shouldnt-focus-advertising-week/1660914|access-date=February 1, 2022|website=[[Campaign (magazine)|Campaign]]|quote=…scantily-clad dancers twerk against a male artist whose lyrics are routinely labeled sexist.|archive-date=February 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201225248/https://www.campaignlive.com/article/why-pitbull-outrage-shouldnt-focus-advertising-week/1660914|url-status=live}}</ref> For example, song lyrics such as "I like that when you fight back" have generated discussion about whether or not they could be contributing to the "legitimization" of [[rape]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Clark|first=Nick|date=May 27, 2014|title=Sara Cox takes on rapper Pitbull: He 'makes my soul weep with the way he sings about women'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/sara-cox-takes-on-rapper-pitbull-he-makes-my-soul-weep-with-the-way-he-sings-about-women-9436601.html|access-date=February 1, 2022|website=[[The Independent]]|archive-date=February 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201215447/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/sara-cox-takes-on-rapper-pitbull-he-makes-my-soul-weep-with-the-way-he-sings-about-women-9436601.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Harding-Roberts|first=Ilona|date=October 19, 2017|title=Top of the Misogynistic Pops|url=https://www.varsity.co.uk/violet/13772|access-date=February 2, 2022|website=[[Varsity (Cambridge)|Varsity]]|archive-date=February 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202083403/https://www.varsity.co.uk/violet/13772|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Discography==<br />
{{main|Pitbull discography}}<br />
<br />
* ''[[M.I.A.M.I.]]'' (2004)<br />
* ''[[El Mariel]]'' (2006)<br />
* ''[[The Boatlift]]'' (2007)<br />
* ''[[Pitbull Starring in Rebelution]]'' (2009)<br />
* ''[[Armando (album)|Armando]]'' (2010)<br />
* ''[[Planet Pit]]'' (2011)<br />
* ''[[Global Warming (Pitbull album)|Global Warming]]'' (2012)<br />
* ''[[Globalization (album)|Globalization]]'' (2014)<br />
* ''[[Dale (album)|Dale]]'' (2015)<br />
* ''[[Climate Change (album)|Climate Change]]'' (2017)<br />
* ''[[Libertad 548]]'' (2019)<br />
* ''Trackhouse'' (2023)<br />
* ''Underdogs'' <small>(with [[IAmChino]])</small> (2025)<br />
<br />
==Concert tours==<br />
* 2009–2011: [[Rebelution Tour]]<br />
* 2012: [[Planet Pit World Tour]]<br />
* 2013: [[North American Tour 2013]] (with [[Kesha]])<br />
* 2015: Pitbull Live in Hong Kong<br />
* 2016: The Bad Man Tour (with [[Prince Royce]] and [[Farruko]])<br />
* 2017: [[Enrique Iglesias and Pitbull Live]]! (with [[Enrique Iglesias]])<br />
* 2021: [[I Feel Good Tour]]<ref>{{cite web| author = Icon Vs. Icon| url = https://www.iconvsicon.com/2021/06/22/pitbull-announces-dates-for-2021-i-feel-good-tour-with-special-guest-iggy-azalea/| title = Pitbull Announces Dates For 2021 'I Feel Good Tour'; With Special Guest Iggy Azalea| work = iconvsicon.com| date = April 11, 2022| access-date = April 11, 2022| archive-date = September 2, 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220902062656/https://www.iconvsicon.com/2021/06/22/pitbull-announces-dates-for-2021-i-feel-good-tour-with-special-guest-iggy-azalea/| url-status = dead}}</ref> (with [[Iggy Azalea]])<br />
* 2022: Can't Stop Us Now Tour<ref>{{cite web|author = Icon Vs. Icon|url = https://www.iconvsicon.com/2021/06/22/pitbull-announces-dates-for-2021-i-feel-good-tour-with-special-guest-iggy-azalea/|title = Mr. Worldwide returns! @pitbull is bringing the #CantStopUsNowTour! Get more info here|work = iconvsicon.com|date = June 22, 2021|access-date = June 22, 2021|archive-date = September 2, 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220902062656/https://www.iconvsicon.com/2021/06/22/pitbull-announces-dates-for-2021-i-feel-good-tour-with-special-guest-iggy-azalea/|url-status = dead}}</ref> (with Iggy Azalea and [[Sean Paul]])<br />
* 2023: The Trilogy Tour (with Enrique Iglesias and [[Ricky Martin]])<br />
* 2024: The Trilogy Tour 'The Party Continues' (with Enrique Iglesias and Ricky Martin)<br />
* 2024: Party After Dark Tour<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ratner-Arias |first=Sigal |date=April 23, 2024 |title=Pitbull Announces Party After Dark Tour With T-Pain as Special Guest: See All the Dates |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/pitbull-party-after-dark-tour-dates-t-pain-1235663722/ |access-date=September 22, 2024 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Opening act===<br />
* 2014–2015: [[Enrique Iglesias]] – [[Sex and Love Tour]]<br />
* 2018: [[Britney Spears]] – [[Piece of Me Tour]]<br />
<br />
===Residencies===<br />
* 2015–2019: Pitbull: Time of Our Lives<br />
* 2020 ''PPD'': Pitbull: Get Ready Vegas<br />
<br />
===[[LiveXLive]] Virtual Concert Series===<br />
* 2020: Pitbull: Live & Timeless<ref>{{cite web| author = LiveXLive| url = https://www.livexlive.com/live-events/festival/pitbull-live-timeless| title = Pitbull: Live & Timeless| work = livexlive.com| date = September 16, 2020| access-date = September 17, 2020| archive-date = October 3, 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201003094329/https://www.livexlive.com/live-events/festival/pitbull-live-timeless| url-status = live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===Film===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 2012<br />
| ''La Gasolina: Reggaeton Explosion''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Himself<br />
| Documentary<br />
|-<br />
| ''Blood Money''<br />
| Feature film directed by Gregory McQualter<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| ''[[Epic (2013 film)|Epic]]''<br />
| Bufo<br />
| Voice<br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| ''[[UglyDolls]]''<br />
| Ugly Dog<br />
| Voice (original English and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] dubs)<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|''Get Ready - Trackhouse Documentary''<br />
|Team Owner<br />
|Documentary<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
|2006<br />
|''[[South Beach (2006 TV series)|South Beach]]''<br />
| rowspan="9" |Himself<br />
|2 episodes<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| ''[[Punk'd]]''<br />
|Episode: "Episode #8.7"<br />
|-<br />
| 2007–2008<br />
| ''La Esquina''<br />
| 2 episodes; executive producer and writer<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[When I Was 17]]''<br />
| 1 episode; with [[Vanessa Minnillo]] & [[Chris Paul]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
| ''[[Shark Tank]]''<br />
| Special guest star<br />
|-<br />
| 2012–2019<br />
| ''[[Dancing with the Stars (American season 15)|Dancing with the Stars]]''<br />
| 6 episodes; Guest Judge and Musical guest<br />
|-<br />
|2014–2017<br />
|''[[Pitbull's New Year's Revolution]]''<br />
|TV special; Host<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| ''[[Empire (2015 TV series)|Empire]]''<br />
| Episode: "Fires of Heaven"<br />
|-<br />
| 2023<br />
| ''[[Superfan (American game show)|Superfan]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.paramountpressexpress.com/cbs-entertainment/shows/superfan/about/|title=Paramount Press Release CBS Entertainment Superfan About|website=Paramount|date=April 11, 2023|access-date=April 19, 2023|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419131112/https://www.paramountpressexpress.com/cbs-entertainment/shows/superfan/about/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| 1 episode; Musical guest<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{{main|List of awards and nominations received by Pitbull}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Pitbull (rapper)}}<br />
* {{official website}}<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=pitbullvevo Pitbull] on [[Vevo]]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=pitbullmusic Pitbull] on [[YouTube]]<br />
* [https://play.spotify.com/artist/0TnOYISbd1XYRBk9myaseg Pitbull] on [[Spotify]]<br />
* {{IMDb name | 2100284}}<br />
<br />
{{Pitbull}}<br />
{{Pitbull Singles}}<br />
{{Trackhouse Racing}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pitbull}}<br />
[[Category:1981 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American male singers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American singer-songwriters]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American rappers]]<br />
[[Category:American hip-hop singers]]<br />
[[Category:American male pop singers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American male rappers]]<br />
[[Category:American male singer-songwriters]]<br />
[[Category:American musicians of Cuban descent]]<br />
[[Category:American reggaeton musicians]]<br />
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Hispanic and Latino American rappers]]<br />
[[Category:Latin Grammy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Latin music songwriters]]<br />
[[Category:NASCAR team owners]]<br />
[[Category:Opposition to Fidel Castro]]<br />
[[Category:Dancehall musicians]]<br />
[[Category:Rappers from Miami]]<br />
[[Category:RCA Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Singer-songwriters from Florida]]<br />
[[Category:Sony Music Latin artists]]<br />
[[Category:Spanish-language American singers]]<br />
[[Category:TVT Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Victor Entertainment artists]]<br />
[[Category:Miami Coral Park Senior High School alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Ultra Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:American anti-communists]]<br />
[[Category:Pitbull (rapper)| ]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lako_Phuti_Bhutia&diff=511624Lako Phuti Bhutia2026-03-26T08:49:47Z<p>KandacePolding: created new post from scratch</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian footballer}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox football biography<br />
| name = Lako Phuti Bhutia<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| fullname = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1994|10|20}}<br />
| birth_place = Sribadam, [[Sikkim]], India<br />
| currentclub = <br />
| clubnumber = <br />
| height = <br />
| position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]<br />
| youthyears1 = <br />
| youthclubs1 = Mangalbari Women's FA<br />
| years1 = 2014–2017<br />
| clubs1 = Bodyline SC<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/indian-womens-league-quartz-sc-score-1-0-upset-win-bodyline-sc/|title=Indian Women's League: Quartz SC score 1-0 upset win over Bodyline SC|website=arunfoot.com|date=22 October 2016|access-date=14 June 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115133808/https://www.arunfoot.com/indian-womens-league-quartz-sc-score-1-0-upset-win-bodyline-sc/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| caps1 = <br />
| goals1 = <br />
| years2 = 2014<br />
| clubs2 = [[New Radiant W.S.C.|New Radiant]]<br />
| caps2 = <br />
| goals2 = <br />
| years3 = 2017–2019<br />
| clubs3 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (Women's)|Gokulam Kerala]]<br />
| caps3 = <br />
| goals3 = <br />
| years4 = 2018<br />
| clubs4 = Sunrise FC<br />
| caps4 = <br />
| goals4 = <br />
| years5 = 2021<br />
| clubs5 = [[Shirsh Bihar United FC|Shirsh Bihar United]]<br />
| caps5 = <br />
| goals5 = <br />
| nationalyears1 = 2012<br />
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-19 football team|India U19]]<br />
| nationalyears2 = 2013–2019<br />
| nationalteam2 = [[India women's national football team|India]]<br />
| nationalcaps2 = 8<br />
| nationalgoals2 = 1<br />
| pcupdate = <br />
| ntupdate = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lako Phuti Bhutia''' (born 20 October 1994) is an Indian former [[association football|footballer]] who played for the [[India women's national football team]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lako Phuti Bhutia|url=http://www.the-aiff.com/player-profile-details.htm?id=154|work=THE AIFF|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729224118/http://www.the-aiff.com/player-profile-details.htm?id=154|archivedate=29 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Bhutia who hails from [[Sribadam]], a remote place in [[West Sikkim]] is a product of the Mangalbari Women's Football Academy. The defender horned her skills under coach Palden Bhutia.<ref name="Lako Bhutia Stint"/><br />
<br />
She also played for Maldivian club [[New Radiant S.C.]] in 2014. Then she joined [[Gokulam Kerala FC (Women's)|Gokulam Kerala FC]] for [[2017–18 Indian Women's League season]].<br />
<br />
Bhutia also played for Sunrise WFC in Bhutan Women's National Championship in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kuenselonline.com/sunrise-womens-fc-draw-1-1-against-bff-academy-to-top-the-league/|title=Sunrise Women's FC draw 1–1 against BFF Academy to top the league|date=23 July 2018|access-date=15 January 2023|website=kuenselonline.com|publisher=KUENSEL News Bhutan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024144819/https://kuenselonline.com/sunrise-womens-fc-draw-1-1-against-bff-academy-to-top-the-league/|archive-date=24 October 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== International==<br />
In 2012, she was called up to the Under-19 National Team for the [[2013 AFC U-19 Women's Championship qualification]] in [[Malaysia]]. She became the 4th Girl from the state to represent the National Team after Pushpa Chetri, Anuradha Chetri and Nima Lhamu Bhutia. She attended a one-month coaching camp at [[Gandhinagar]], [[Gujarat]] with the U-19 squad before leaving for Malaysia.<ref name="Lako Bhutia Stint"/><br />
<br />
She along with her sister Nima Lhamu Bhutia was selected for the Senior Women's National Football Coaching Camp, which was held from 1 April 2013. This Camp was held for the selection of the Senior National Team for the Asian Cup qualifying round. Her sister could not attend the camp for personal reasons. Lako has represented the National Team 8 times and has 1 goal to her credit.<ref name="Lako Bhutia Stint">{{cite web|first=Boudhayan|last=Sarbajna|title=Oinam Bembem Devi's & Lako Phuti Bhutia' s Foreign Stint Signals A Bright Future For Indian Women Football|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2014/oinam-bembem-devis-lako-phuti-bhutia-s-foreign-stint-signals-a-bright-future-for-indian-women-football/|work=The Hard Tackle|access-date=20 July 2014|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416051218/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2014/oinam-bembem-devis-lako-phuti-bhutia-s-foreign-stint-signals-a-bright-future-for-indian-women-football/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Honours==<br />
<br />
'''India'''<br />
* [[SAFF Women's Championship]]: [[2014 SAFF Women's Championship|2014]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiafooty.com/2014/11/10/indian-womens-squad-announced-for-saff-championship/ |title=Indian women's squad announced for SAFF Championship |website=India Footy |last=Shukla |first=Abhishek |accessdate=19 February 2022 |archive-date=7 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907050536/https://www.indiafooty.com/2014/11/10/indian-womens-squad-announced-for-saff-championship/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2019 SAFF Women's Championship|2019]]<br />
<br />
'''New Radiant WSC'''<br />
*[[FAM Women's Football Championship]]: [[2014 FAM Women's Football Championship|2014]]<br />
<br />
'''Sunrise FC'''<br />
*Women's National League runner-up: 2018<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bhutan-wom2018.html |title=Bhutan (Women) 2018 |website=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115132603/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bhutan-wom2018.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of Indian football players in foreign leagues]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhutia, Lako Phuti}}<br />
[[Category:1994 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]<br />
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:India women's youth international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Sportswomen from Sikkim]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers from Sikkim]]<br />
[[Category:People from Soreng district]]<br />
[[Category:Women's association football defenders]]<br />
[[Category:Indian expatriate women's footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Expatriate women's footballers in the Maldives]]<br />
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in the Maldives]]<br />
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in Bhutan]]<br />
[[Category:Expatriate women's footballers in Bhutan]]<br />
[[Category:Gokulam Kerala FC Women players]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Women's League players]]<br />
<br />
{{India-women-footy-bio-stub}}<br />
{{India-footy-defender-stub}}</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predrag_K._Niki%C4%87&diff=526619Predrag K. Nikić2026-03-25T16:08:53Z<p>KandacePolding: starting data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Yoga teacher}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Predrag K. Nikić<br />
| image = <br />
| imagesize = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = Serbia<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| restingplace = <br />
| restingplacecoordinates = <br />
| othername = <br />
| occupation = Yoga exponent<br />
| yearsactive = <br />
| known for = Yoga intelligence concept<br />
| spouse = <br />
| domesticpartner = <br />
| children = <br />
| parents = <br />
| website = <br />
| signature = <br />
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Predrag K. Nikić''' is a Yoga exponent and the Honorary president of the Yoga Federation of Serbia.<ref name="‘Padma Shri’ Award for Serbian Yoga Exponent">{{cite web | url=http://www.eoibelgrade.gov.in/pdf/Padma-Award.pdf | title='Padma Shri' Award for Serbian Yoga Exponent | publisher=Embassy of India, Belgrade | date=1 April 2016 | accessdate=August 1, 2016}}</ref> He is the President of the General Assembly of the [https://yoga-federation.eu/prof-predrag-nikic-has-been-awarded-with-padma-shri-award/ Yoga Federation of Europe].<br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
He received his doctoral degree in Emotional Intelligence, he is a professor of Yoga at the International Academy for Yoga Teachers Education.<ref name="About Master">{{cite web | url=http://www.joga-akademija.com/eng/o-ucitelju.html | title=About Master | publisher=International Academy for Yoga Teachers Education | date=2016 | accessdate=August 1, 2016}}</ref> He conducted his first postdoctoral research in the field of Yoga Intelligence in 2013 at the Institute Patanjđali, Haridwar, India and second, during 2014–15 at the University Vivekananda, Bangalore, India. He serves as the president of the ''International Society for Scientific Interdisciplinary Researches in the Field of Yoga'' and the ''World Commission of Scientific Yoga Research'' and as an international adviser to the World Yoga Council of the ''International Yoga Federation''. He is known to have created the concept of ''Yoga Intelligence''<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://yoga-sci.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/2-predrag-nikic.pdf | title=Concept оf the Yoga Intelligence | website=yoga-sci.eu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://juniperpublishers.com/jyp/pdf/JYP.MS.ID.555554.pdf | title=Yoga Intelligence as a Concept of Mental Ability | website=juniperpublishers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Yoga Intelligence in Management and Organizational Behavior | url=https://yoga-sci.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/4-predrag-nikic-e.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918173822/https://yoga-sci.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/4-predrag-nikic-e.pdf | archive-date=2020-09-18}}</ref> and is the founder of ''Sense'', an international yoga journal.<ref name="Prof. Predrag Nikic has been awarded with Padma Shri Award">{{cite web | url=http://yoga-federation.eu/prof-predrag-nikic-has-been-awarded-with-padma-shri-award/ | title=Prof. Predrag Nikic has been awarded with Padma Shri Award | publisher=European Yoga Federation | date=2016 | accessdate=August 1, 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]], in 2016, for his contributions to society.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/PadmaAwards_25012016.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | accessdate=January 3, 2016 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803085913/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/PadmaAwards_25012016.pdf | archivedate=August 3, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-01-26 |title=Padma Awards 2016: Complete list |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/padma-awards-2016-complete-list-of-padma-vibhushan-padma-bhushan-and-padma-shri-awardees/articleshow/50719773.cms |access-date=2025-12-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
{{Portal|India}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{cite web | url=http://www.hinduismtoday.com/blogs-news/hindu-press-international/padma-awards-include-religious-leaders/14872.html | title=Padma Awards Include Religious Leaders | publisher=Hinduism Today | date=26 January 2016 | accessdate=August 1, 2016}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nikic, Predrag K.}}<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in other fields]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Serbian educators]]<br />
[[Category:Yoga teachers]]<br />
[[Category:Serbian expatriates in India]]<br />
[[Category:Immigrants to India]]<br />
[[Category:Yugoslav emigrants]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
<br />
{{India-bio-stub}}<br />
{{Yoga-stub}}</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subhakankshalu&diff=537736Subhakankshalu2026-03-21T02:25:33Z<p>KandacePolding: article!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|1997 Indian film by Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Subhakankshalu<br />
| image = Subhakankshalu.jpg<br />
| caption = DVD cover<br />
| director = [[Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao]]<br />
| producer = N. V. Prasad <br /> Sanam Naga Ashok Kumar<br/>[[R. B. Choudary]] {{small|(Presenter)}}<br />
| writer = '''Story:'''<br />[[Vikraman]]<br />'''Screenplay:'''<br />Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao<br />'''Dialogues:'''<br />[[Marudhuri Raja]]<br />
| starring = [[Jagapathi Babu]]<br />[[Ravali]]<br />[[Mantra (actress)|Raasi]]<br />
| music = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]<br />[[S. A. Rajkumar]]<br />
| cinematography = Mahinder<br />
| editing = Gowtham Raju<br />
| based_on = ''[[Poove Unakkaga (film)|Poove Unakkaga]]'' (Tamil)<br />
| studio = Sri Sai Deva Productions<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1997|2|14}}<br />
| runtime = 154 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Subhakankshalu ''''' ({{translation|Congratulations}}) is a 1997 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy-drama]] film directed by [[Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao]]. Produced by N. V. Prasad and S. Naga Ashok Kumar, the film stars [[Jagapathi Babu]], [[Ravali]], and [[Mantra (actress)|Raasi]], who made her debut in a lead role in [[Telugu cinema]]. The music for the film was jointly composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]] and [[S. A. Rajkumar]].<br />
<br />
The film is a remake of the 1996 Tamil film [[Poove Unakkaga (film)|''Poove Unakkaga'']].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2016 |title=Poove Unakkaga &#124; Subhakankshalu &#124; ee Hrudaya Ninagagi &#124; Baadhai Ho Baadhai &#124; 10 Vijay super-hits that were remade in other languages |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/10-vijay-super-hits-that-were-remaked-in-other-languages-oriyakannada/poove-unakkaga-subhakankshalu-ee-hrudaya-ninagagi-baadhai-ho-baadhai.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026052817/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/10-vijay-super-hits-that-were-remaked-in-other-languages-oriyakannada/poove-unakkaga-subhakankshalu-ee-hrudaya-ninagagi-baadhai-ho-baadhai.html |archive-date=26 October 2018 |access-date=26 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 4, 2018 |title=Telugu actor Jagapati Babu to make Bollywood debut in Ajay Devgn's Taanaji – The Unsung Warrior |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/telugu-actor-jagapati-babu-to-make-bollywood-debut-in-ajay-devgns-taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-5112111.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422002454/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/telugu-actor-jagapati-babu-to-make-bollywood-debut-in-ajay-devgns-taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-5112111.html |archive-date=22 April 2023 |access-date=22 April 2023 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
The film begins in a village marked by intense rivalry between two neighbouring families: one Hindu and the other Christian. Seetaramayya and Stephen, the respective patriarchs, are at odds, a conflict that extends to their wives and sons, Balaramayya and Moses. The two families were once very close and shared a cordial relationship 25 years ago. Seetaramayya’s daughter, Janaki, and Stephen’s younger son, Robert, fell in love despite their families' opposition. The couple elopes, gets married, and the feud between the families starts.<br />
<br />
In the present day, Chandu, the son of Janaki and Robert, arrives with his friend Gopi but is rejected by both families due to the longstanding enmity. With nowhere else to go, they find shelter with Nadabrahmam, a noisy and eccentric singer. Chandu’s goal is to reconcile with his family, and gradually endears himself to them. His grandmothers arrange two potential marriages for him, which he tries to avoid. On Gopi’s advice, Chandu fabricates a story, claiming to have already married a woman named Nirmala Mary, who is a Hindu-Christian like him. To his surprise, a woman claiming to be Nirmala Mary appears, mocking him and revealing that she is actually Priyadarsini, the real daughter of Janaki and Robert.<br />
<br />
In the flashback, Chandu and Gopi, orphans and unemployed, live as tenants in a penthouse nearby a ladies' hostel where Nandini, the daughter of Balaramayya, resides. Nandini and the other girls are preparing for a music competition but struggle with composing a tune. Chandu helps them indirectly, and they win the competition. He and Nandini become good friends, and Chandu develops feelings for her. While Chandu was on the verge of expressing his love to Nandini, she introduces Lawrence, Moses’s son, as her fiancé, leaving Chandu heartbroken. When Lawrence and Nandini ask Chandu to bless their marriage without their families’ knowledge, Chandu agrees, and he decides to unite the families for the sake of their love.<br />
<br />
Nirmala/Priyadarsini secretly harbours feelings for Chandu and supports his efforts. After some comedic situations, Chandu successfully brings the old people in the families together. Meanwhile, Balaramayya and Moses discover their children’s relationship and react angrily. During a confrontation, Chandu steps in to defend them, even though he is injured. Lawrence and Nandini, defying their religious backgrounds, express their desire to marry, and Seetaramayya and Stephen come to understand the importance of love over religion. In the end, the families come together, and Chandu’s true identity is revealed with the arrival of Robert and Janaki.<br />
<br />
Finally, Chandu is offered the chance to marry Nirmala/Priyadarsini, but he declines, stating that he has already loved someone else and will cherish those memories for the rest of his life. The film concludes with Chandu walking away, accompanied by the statement: "A person who is facilitating his lover's marriage to her partner."<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
* [[Jagapati Babu]] as Chandu<br />
* [[Ravali]] as Priyadarsini (Nirmala Mary)<br />
* [[Raasi (actress)|Raasi]] as Nandini<br />
* [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] in a special appearance<br />
* [[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Seetaramayya<br />
* [[Nagesh]] as Stephen<br />
* [[Anandaraj]] as Moses<br />
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Balaramayya<br />
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Writer Tukaram<br />
* [[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] as Gopi<br />
* [[Amanchi Venkata Subrahmanyam|AVS]] as Nadabrahmam<br />
* [[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] as Buchi<br />
* [[Maharshi Raghava]] as Robert<br />
* Rakesh as Lawerence <br />
* [[Sowkar Janaki]] as Seetaramayya's wife<br />
* [[Sukumari]] as Rosy (Stephen's wife)<br />
* [[Sudha (Telugu actress)|Sudha]] as Gayatri<br />
* [[Rajitha]] as Janaki<br />
* [[Y. Vijaya]] as Nadabrahmam's wife<br />
* [[Alphonsa (actress)|Alphonsa]] (special appearance)<br />
* [[Ranjitha]] in a special appearance<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Subhakankshalu<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = {{unbulleted list|[[Koti (composer)|Koti]]|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]}}<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|1996<br />
|}}<br />
| recorded =<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 32:40<br />
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| label = Shivani Audio Company<br />
| producer = {{unbulleted list|[[Koti (composer)|Koti]] <br/> [[S. A. Rajkumar]]}}<br />
| chronology = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]<br />
| prev_title = [[Hitler (1997 film)|Hitler]]<br />
| prev_year = 1997<br />
| next_title = [[Chilakkottudu]]<br />
| next_year = 1997<br />
| misc = {{Extra chronology<br />
| artist = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| prev_title = [[Pelli (film)|Pelli]]<br />
| prev_year = 1997<br />
| title = Subhakankshalu<br />
| year = 1997<br />
| next_title = [[Suswagatham]]<br />
| next_year = 1998<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The music for the film was composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]] and [[S. A. Rajkumar]]. The audio soundtrack was released by Shivani Audio Company. Three songs from the original Tamil film ''Poove Unakkaga'' were retained in the Telugu version, titled "Anandamananda," "O Pori Pani Puri," and "Panchavennela", which was based on "Anantham Anantham", "Oh Pyari" and "Machinichi", respectively.<br />
<br />
In the movie credits, only Koti is credited as the composer.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAhMaPVZfoY&t=153s |title=Subhakankshalu Telugu Full Movie |publisher=Sri Balaji Movies |time=2:33 |access-date=2024-12-18 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Additionally, in many audio soundtrack releases and film DVDs, only Koti is listed,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Subhakankshalu Audio Back Cover |url=https://i0.wp.com/mossymart.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Subhakankshalu-Telugu-Film-Audio-CD-by-Harrish-Jayaraj-www.mossymart.com-2.jpg?fit=768%2C777&ssl=1 |access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Subhakankshalu Songs |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/subhakankshalu/-Aj6oSBVhaI_ |access-date=2024-12-18 |publisher=[[JioSaavn]] |language=en-US}}</ref> while in a few, only S. A. Rajkumar is credited.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subhakankshalu DVD Cover |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/82/Subhakankshalu.jpg |access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref> There are also versions that credit both composers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axuA_64hOZ8 |title=Subhakankshalu Telugu Movie Full Songs Jukebox |publisher=[[Aditya Music]] |access-date=2024-12-18 |via=YouTube}} Credits in video description.</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Subhakankshalu (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP by S. A. Raj Kumar & Koti |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/subhakankshalu-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/928320380 |access-date=2024-12-18 |publisher=[[Apple Music]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
<br />
Source:<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = <br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 32:40<br />
| all_writing = <br />
| all_lyrics = <br />
| all_music = <br />
| title1 = Gundeninda Gudigantalu<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri|Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry]]<br />
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Renuka<br />
| music1 = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]<br />
| length1 = 4:30<br />
| title2 = Manasa Palakave<br />
| lyrics2 = Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry<br />
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra]]<br />
| music2 = Koti<br />
| length2 = 5:10<br />
| title3 = Addanki Chera<br />
| lyrics3 = [[Samavedam Shanmukha Sarma]]<br />
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra<br />
| music3 = Koti<br />
| length3 = 4:46<br />
| title4 = Anandamananda (F)<br />
| lyrics4 = Samavedam Shanmukha Sarma<br />
| extra4 = K. S. Chithra<br />
| music4 = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]<br />
| length4 = 5:08<br />
| title5 = Panchavannela Chilaka<br />
| lyrics5 = Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry<br />
| extra5 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]<br />
| music5 = S. A. Rajkumar<br />
| length5 = 3:43<br />
| title6 = O Pori Panipuri<br />
| lyrics6 = [[Bhuvana Chandra]]<br />
| extra6 = S. A. Rajkumar<br />
| music6 = S. A. Rajkumar<br />
| length6 = 4:11<br />
| title7 = Anandamananda (M)<br />
| lyrics7 = Samavedam Shanmukha Sarma<br />
| extra7 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br />
| music7 = S. A. Rajkumar<br />
| length7 = 5:03<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
A critic from ''Andhra Today'' wrote, "The director richly deserves `Subhkankshalu' (congratulations) for giving a good treatment to a neat story. The conclusion is different (away from the run-of-the mill)".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/subhakan.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980213002218/http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/subhakan.htm | archive-date=13 February 1998 | title=Reviews |website=Andhra Today}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0287734}}<br />
<br />
{{Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1997 romantic comedy films]] <br />
[[Category:1997 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1997 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about families]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by S. A. Rajkumar]]<br />
[[Category:Films about feuds]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Koti (composer)]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]] <br />
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muzaffar_Shah_III&diff=519360Muzaffar Shah III2026-03-20T12:46:22Z<p>KandacePolding: created the data added tags</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Sultan of Gujarat from 1561 to 1573 and from 1583 to 1584}}<br />
{{For|other people of the same name|Muzaffar Shah (disambiguation){{!}}Muzaffar Shah}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
|name = Muzaffar Shah III<br />
|succession = 14th [[Gujarat Sultanate|Sultan of Gujarat]]<br />
|image =<br />
|caption =<br />
|reign = 1561 – 1573 (nominal)<br />
| reign-type = First reign<br />
| reign1 = 1583 – January 1584<br />
| reign-type1 = Second reign<br />
|coronation =<br />
|full name =Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III<br />
|predecessor = [[Ahmad Shah III]]<br />
|successor =[[Akbar]]<br>[[Mirza Aziz Koka]], Governor of [[Gujarat Subah]], [[Mughal Empire]]<br />
|spouse =<br />
|issue =<br />
|royal house =<br />
|dynasty =[[Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat|Muzaffarid House]]<br />
|father = <br />
|mother =<br />
|birth_date =<br />
|birth_place =<br />
|death_date =24 December 1592<br />
|death_place =[[Dhrol]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]<br />
|date of burial =<br />
|place of burial = <br />
|religion = [[Islam]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Gujarat Sultanate}}<br />
'''Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III''' was the last [[sultan]] of the [[Muzaffarids (Gujarat)|Muzaffarid dynasty]] who nominally reigned over the [[Gujarat Sultanate]], a late medieval kingdom in [[India]] from 1561 to 1573 though true powers were exerted by his nobles. [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]] annexed Gujarat into his empire in 1573. Muzaffar Shah III was taken prisoner to Agra. In 1583, he escaped from the prison and with the help of the nobles succeeded to regain the throne for a short period before being defeated by Akbar's general [[Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana]] in January 1584. He fled and finally took asylum under Jam Sataji of [[Nawanagar State]]. The [[Battle of Bhuchar Mori]] was fought between the Mughal forces led by [[Mirza Aziz Koka]] and the combined Kathiawar forces in 1591 to protect him. He finally committed suicide in 1592 when he was surrendered to the Mughal by the ruler of [[Cutch State]].<br />
<br />
==Reign==<br />
After assassination of [[Ahmad Shah III]], his noble Ítimád Khán raised a youth to the throne, whom he styled Muzaffar Shah III, and who, he asserted, was a posthumous son of [[Mahmud Shah III of Gujarat|Mahmúd Sháh]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Khadkiwala|first=Dhruv|title=TWILIGHT OF THE GUJARAT SULTANATE CIRCUMSTANCES LEADING TO THE DEMISE OF THE GUJARAT SULTANATE|url=https://www.academia.edu/33632149|language=en}} {{dead link|date=June 2024}}</ref> According to [[Abul Fazl]] (''Akbarnáma'', III. 404; Elliot, V. 730) Muzaffar was a base-born boy of the name of Nathu. Ítimád Khán then marched towards [[Patan, Gujarat|Pátan]] to take revenge on the Fauládis for their attack on Fateh Khán Balúch before. The nobles unwilling to crush the Fauládis, fearing lest their turn might come next, entered into secret correspondence with them, and withdrew when battle was joined. The nobles were now independent in their respective jágirs, in which according to the ''Tabakát-i-Akbari'' they allowed no interference though still owning nominal allegiance to the throne. Ítimád Khán, forced to return unsuccessful to [[Ahmedabad]], with a view of again attacking the Fauládis, summoned Tátár Khán Ghori from [[Junagadh]]. The nobles remained aloof, and even Tátár Khán Ghori made excuses, which so exasperated Ítimád Khán that he sought to slay him. Tátár Khán escaped to [[Sorath prant|Sorath]], and there openly sided with the Fauládis. Sayad Mírán also left Áhmedábád for his estate at [[Dholka]], and joining Tátár Khán at [[Ranpur, Gujarat|Ranpur]] they both went over to the Fauládis at Pátan. Meanwhile, Ítimád Khán, again collecting an army, marched once more towards Pátan. He was met by the Fauládis near the village of [[Jotana]], about thirty miles south of Pátan, where he was defeated and compelled to return to Áhmedábád. Sayad Mírán now intervened and made peace. Ítimád Khán still thirsting for revenge on the Fauládis, invited Changíz Khán, son of Imád-ul-Mulk Rúmi, to the capital, and by courteous treatment induced him to join in another expedition against the Fauládis. Like the other nobles Changíz Khán was lukewarm; and as Músa Khán Fauládi died while Ítimád Khán was marching on Pátan, Changíz Khán assigned this as a reason for not proceeding further, averring that it was not fit to war with people in misfortune. Ítimád Khán perforce returned to Áhmedábád.<ref name="GBP">{{cite book|editor=[[James Macnabb Campbell]]|title=History of Gujarát|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm|series=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|volume=I. Part II.|year=1896|publisher=The Government Central Press|pages=263–266, 269–270|chapter=II. ÁHMEDÁBÁD KINGS. (A. D. 1403–1573.)}}{{PD-notice}}</ref><br />
<br />
Though Ítimád Khán had disgusted the nobles, both by causing the assassination of Áhmed Sháh and by his enmity with the Fauládis, as he had charge of Muzaffar Sháh and possession of the capital, the government of the country was in his hands. At this time the Mírzás, who were the sons of Sultán Hussain of Khurásán, quarrelling with Jalál-ul-dín Muhammad [[Akbar]], entered Gujarát, and joined Changíz Khán. Changíz Khán now proposed to Sher Khán Fauládi that they should expel Ítimád Khán and divide Gujarát between them, the capital and the country south of the Sábarmati falling to the share of Changíz Khán, and that to the north to Sher Khán Fauládi. Sher Khán agreed, and Changíz Khán joining him they marched on Áhmedábád. Sayad Mirán induced Sher Khán to stay in [[Kadi, India|Kadi]]. But Changíz Khán refused to listen to him, and a battle was fought between him, Ítimád Khán, and the Sayad on the right bank of the Khari river about eight miles south of Áhmedábád. Ítimád Khán was defeated, and fled with the king to [[Modasa]], while Changíz Khán took possession of the capital. Sher Khán Fauládi now advanced to the Sábarmati, and, after dividing the province as had been agreed, Sher Khán retired to Kadi. Ítimád Khán entreated Mírán Muhammad Sháh, king of [[Khandesh]], to march to his aid, and Changíz Khán invited Ítimád Khán to return. He came to [[Mahemdavad|Mehmudábád]], where hearing that Muhammad Sháh had sustained a defeat and retired to his own country, he took Muzaffar Sháh with him and returned through Modása to [[Dungarpur]]. Changíz Khán remained in Áhmedábád, and Sher Khán withdrew to Kadi. After this success all the chief nobles of Gujarát, including the Habshis, joined Changíz Khán, who was now at the zenith of his power, and began to think of subduing Sher Khán Fauládi, who on his part was anxious and fearful.<ref name="GBP"/><br />
<br />
At this time Bijli Khán a Habshi eunuch who was offended with Changíz Khán, because he had resumed the grant of [[Khambhat]], persuaded Álíf Khán and Jhujhár Khán Habshi that Changíz Khán had determined to kill them. The Habshi Kháns, resolving to be beforehand, invited Changíz Khán, with whom they were intimate, to play a game of ''chaugán'' or ''polo''. Changíz agreed and when near the Farhat-ul-Mulk mosque, between the [[Bhadra Fort]] and the [[Teen Darwaza|Three Gates]], Álíf Khán, after making Jhujhár Khán a signal, attracted Changíz Khán's notice to the horse on which he was riding saying it was the best of the last batch imported from the [[Persian Gulf]]. As Changíz Khán turned to look at the horse, Jhujhár Khán cut him down. The Habshis now plundered Changíz Khán's house, while the Mírzás, mounting, went south and took possession of [[Bharuch]], [[Baroda]] (now Vadodara), and [[Champaner]]. Sher Khán advanced from Kadi, and ordered the Habshis to hand him over Áhmedábád. While treating with him the Habshis secretly summoned Ítimád Khán, who, returning with Muzaffar Sháh, entered the city. It was arranged that Ítimád Khán should take the place of Changíz Khán, and that the division of Gujarát between Changíz Khán and Sher Khán should be maintained. Ítimád Khán found the Habshis so domineering that he withdrew from public affairs. Afterwards Álaf Khán and Jhujhár Khán, quarrelling over the division of Changíz Khán's property, Álaf Khán left Áhmedábád and joined Sher Khán, who, advancing from Kadi, laid siege to Áhmedábád. Ítimád Khán now sought aid from the Mírzás, and Mírza Ibráhím Husain marched from Bharuch and harassed Sher Khán's army with his Mughal archers.<ref name="GBP"/><br />
<br />
===Akbar conquers Gujarat===<br />
{{main|Akbar's conquest of Gujarat}}<br />
At the same time Ítimád Khán went for help to the emperor Akbar, who, glad of any pretext for driving the Mírzás from their place of refuge in Gujarát, was not slow in availing himself of Ítimád Khán's proposal. Early in July 1572 he started for Áhmedábád.<ref name="GBP"/><br />
<br />
To the nobles thus fighting among themselves, news was brought that the emperor Akbar was at [[Disa]]. Ibráhím Husain Mírza returned to Bharuch and the army of the Fauládis dispersed. From Dísa the imperial troops advanced to Pátan and thence to Jotána, thirty miles south of Pátan. Sultán Muzaffar Shah III, who had separated from the Fauládis, fell into the hands of the emperor, who granted him his life but placed him under charge of one of his nobles named Karam Áli. When the imperial army reached Kadi, Ítimád Khán, Ikhtiyár Khán, Álaf Khán, and Jhujhár Khán met Akbar and Sayad Hámid also was honoured with an audience at Hájipur. The emperor imprisoned Álaf Khán and Jhujhár Khán Habshi and encouraged the other Gujarát nobles. Ikhtiyár-ul-Mulk now fled to [[Lunawada]], and the emperor, fearing that others of the Gujarát nobles might follow his example, sent Ítimád Khán to Khambhat and placed him under the charge of Shahbáz Khán Kambo. From Áhmedábád Akbar advanced to Khambhat. At this time Ibráhím Mírza held Baroda, Muhammad Husain Mírza held Surat, and Sháh Mírza held Chámpáner. On leaving Khambaht to expel the Mírzas, Akbar appointed [[Mirza Aziz Koka|Mírza Âzíz Kokaltásh]] his first viceroy of Gujarát. At Baroda Akbar heard that Ibráhím Mírza had treacherously killed Rustam Khán Rúmi, who was Changíz Khán's governor of Bharuch. The emperor recalled the detachment he had sent against Surat, and overtaking the Mírza at Sarnál or Thásra on the right bank of the [[Mahi River]] about twenty-three miles north-east of [[Nadiad]], after a bloody conflict routed him. The Mírza fled by [[Ahmednagar]] to [[Sirohi]], and Akbar rejoined his camp at Baroda. The emperor now sent a force under Sháh Kuli Khán to invest the fort of Surat, and following in person pitched his camp at [[Gopi Talav]], a suburb of that city. After an obstinate defence of one month and seventeen days, the garrison under Hamzabán, a slave of Humáyún's who had joined the Mírzás, surrendered. Hamzabán was in treaty with the Portuguese. Under his invitation a large party of Portuguese came to Surat during the siege, but seeing the strength of the imperial army, represented themselves as ambassadors and besought the honour of an interview. While at Surat the emperor received from Bihár or Vihárji the Rája of [[Baglan Kingdom|Baglan]], Sharfuddín Husain Mírza whom the Rája had captured. After the capture of Surat, the emperor ordered the great Sulaimáni cannon which had been brought by the Turks with the view of destroying the Portuguese forts and left by them in Surat, to be taken to Ágra. Surat was placed in the charge of Kalíj Khán. The emperor now advanced to Áhmedábád, where the mother of Changíz Khán came and demanded justice on Jhujhár Khán for having wantonly slain her son. As her complaint was just, the emperor ordered Jhujhár Khán to be thrown under the feet of an elephant. Muhammad Khán, son of Sher Khán Fauládi, who had fled to the [[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]] hills, now returned and took the city of Pátan, besieging the imperial governor, Sayad Áhmed Khán Bárha, in the citadel. At this time Mírza Muhammad Husain was at [[Ranpur, Gujarat|Ranpur]] near [[Dhandhuka]]. When Sher Khán Fauládi, who had taken refuge in Sorath, heard of Muhammad Khán's return to Pátan, he met Mírza Muhammad Husain, and uniting their forces they joined Muhammad Khán at Pátan. The viceroy Mírza Âzíz Kokaltásh with other nobles marched against them, and after a hard-fought battle, in which several of the imperial nobles were slain, Mírza Âzíz Kokaltásh was victorious. Sher Khán again took refuge in Sorath, and his son fled for safety to the Ídar hills, while the Mírza withdrew to the Khándesh frontier. As the conquest of Gujarát was completed in 1573, Akbar returned to [[Agra]] with Muzaffar Shah III as a captive.<ref name="GBP"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/33632183 |title=(PDF) POLITICAL RESISTANCE TO THE MUGHAL CONQUEST OF GUJARAT (1583–1593) &#124; Dhruv Khadkiwala – Academia.edu |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2019-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110043149/https://www.academia.edu/33632183/POLITICAL_RESISTANCE_TO_THE_MUGHAL_CONQUEST_OF_GUJARAT_1583-_1593 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Muzaffar Shah III returns===<br />
Akbar's governors managed the state from 1573 to 1583 with frequent rebellions and disturbances from 1573 to 1583.<ref name="Dosábhai1894">{{cite book|author=Edalji Dosábhai|title=A History of Gujarát: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorygujartf00dosgoog|year=1894|publisher=United Print. and General Agency|pages=[https://archive.org/details/ahistorygujartf00dosgoog/page/n175 133]–147}}</ref> Akbar jailed Muzaffar in [[Agra Fort]] but he escaped back to Gujarat in 1583. Muzaffar remained for some time in the [[Rajpipla]], and thence came to one Lúna or Lúmbha Káthi, at the village of Khíri in the district of Sardhár in [[Sorath prant|Sorath]].<ref name="GBP"/><br />
<br />
Ítimád Khán Gujaráti was appointed viceroy by Akbar soon in 1583 in place of Shaháb-ud-dín. At this time a party of 700 or 800 Mughals, called Wazír Khánis, separating from Shaháb-ud-dín, remained behind in hope of being entertained by the new viceroy. As Ítimád Khán declared that he was unable to take them into his service, they went off in a body and joined Muzaffar at Khíri, and he with them and three or four thousand Káthi horse marched at once on Áhmedábád. On hearing this Ítimád Khán, leaving his son Sher Khán in Áhmedábád, followed Shaháb-ud-dín to Kadi, and entreated him to return. Shaháb-ud-dín at first affected indifference telling Ítimád that as he had given over charge he had no more interest in the province. After two days he consented to return if Ítimád stated in writing that the country was on the verge of being lost and that Ítimád being unable to hold it was obliged to relinquish charge to Shaháb-ud-dín. Ítimád Khán made the required statement and Shaháb-ud-dín returned with him.<ref name="GBP"/><br />
<br />
;Muzaffar captures Áhmedábád, 1583.<br />
Meanwhile, Muzaffar Sháh reached Áhmedábád, which was weakly defended, and in 1583, after a brief struggle, took possession of the city. While the siege of Áhmedábád was in progress Shaháb-ud-dín and Ítimád Khán were returning, and were within a few miles of the city, when news of its capture reached them. They continued their advance, but had barely arrived at Áhmedábád when Muzaffar Sháh totally defeated them taking all their baggage. Seeing the issue of the fight, most of their army went over to Muzaffar Sháh, and the viceroy and Shaháb-ud-dín with a few men fled to Pátan. Kutb-ud-dín Muhammad Khán Atkah, one of the imperial commanders, who was on the Khándesh frontier, now advanced by forced marches to Baroda. Muzaffar marched against him with a large army, recently strengthened by the union of the army of Sayad Daulát ruler of Khambhat. Kutb-ud-dín threw himself into Baroda, and, in spite of the treachery of his troops, defended the city for some time. At last, on Muzaffar's assurance that his life should be spared Kutb-ud-dín repaired to the enemies' camp to treat for peace. On his arrival he was treated with respect, but next day was treacherously put to death. The fort of Bharuch was also at this time traitorously surrendered to Muzaffar by the slaves of the mother of Naurang Khán, fief-holder of the district.<ref name="GBP"/><br />
<br />
;Battle of Fatehwadi<br />
On learning of the Gujarát insurrection the emperor, at the close of 1583, conferred the government of the province on Mírza Abdúr-Rahím Khán, son of Behrám Khán, who had formerly 1575) acted as viceroy. Muzaffar, who was still at Broach, hearing of the advance of the new viceroy with a large army, returned rapidly to Áhmedábád, and in 1584 fought a pitched battle with Mírza Abdúr-Rahím Khán between [[Sarkhej]] and Sháh Bhíkan's tomb. In this engagement Muzaffar was entirely defeated, and fled to Khambhat pursued by Mírza Abdúr-Rahím Khán. Muzaffar now hearing that Mírza Abdúr-Rahím Khán had been joined by Naurang Khán and other nobles with the imperial army from Málwa, quitted Khambhat, and made for his old place of shelter in Rájpípla.<ref name="GBP"/><ref name="Mitra2005">{{cite book|author=Sudipta Mitra|title=Gir Forest and the Saga of the Asiatic Lion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J0rME6RjC1sC&pg=PA14|year=2005|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-7387-183-2|page=14}}</ref><br />
<br />
Finding no rest in Rájpípla, after fighting and losing another battle in the Rájpípla hills, he fled first to Pátan and then to Ídar, and afterwards again repaired to Lúmbha Káthi in Khiri. In reward for these two victories, the emperor bestowed on Mírza Abdúr-Rahím Khán the title of Khán Khánán. Bharuch now submitted, and Muzaffar sought shelter with Amín Khán Ghori at Junagadh, by whom he was allotted the town of [[Gondal, India|Gondal]] as a residence. Muzaffar made one more attempt to establish his power. He advanced to [[Morbi]], and thence made a raid on Radhanpur and plundered that town, but was soon compelled to return to [[Kathiawad]] and seek safety in flight. Amín Khán, seeing that his cause was hopeless, on pretence of aiding him, induced Muzaffar to give him some money, two lakh ''Mahmudi''. When he had obtained the money, on one pretext or another, Amín Khán withheld the promised aid.<ref name="GBP"/><br />
<br />
The Khán Khánán now marched an army into Sorath against Muzaffar. The Jám of Navánagar and Amín Khán sent their envoys to meet the viceroy, declaring that they had not sheltered Muzaffar, and that he was leading an outlaw's life, entirely unaided by them. The viceroy agreed not to molest them, on condition that they withheld aid and shelter from Muzaffar, and himself marched against him. When he reached [[Upleta]], about fifteen miles north-west of the fortress of Junágaḍh, the viceroy heard that Muzaffar had sought shelter in the Barda hills in the south-west corner of the peninsula. Advancing to the hills, he halted his main force outside of the rough country and sent skirmishing parties to examine the hills. Muzaffar had already passed through Navánagar and across Gujarát to [[Danta, Banaskantha|Danta]] in the Mahi Kántha. Here he was once more defeated by the [[Prantij]] garrison, and a third time took refuge in Rájpípla. The viceroy now marched on Navánagar to punish the Jám. The Jám sent in his submission, and the viceroy taking from him, by way of fine, an elephant and some valuable horses, returned to Áhmedábád. He next sent a detachment against Ghazni Khán of [[Jalore]] who had favoured Muzaffar. Ghazni Khán submitted, and no further steps were taken against him.<ref name="GBP"/><br />
<br />
;Battle of Bhuchar Mori<br />
{{main|Battle of Bhuchar Mori}}<br />
<br />
In 1587, the Khán Khánán was replaced by Ismáíl Kuli Khán as a governor. Ismáíl's government lasted only for a few months, when he was superseded by Mírza Âziz Kokaltásh, who was a second time appointed viceroy. In 1591, Muzaffar again returned to Sorath. The viceroy, hearing that he had been joined by the Jám of [[Nawanagar State]], the [[Cutch State]] chief, and Daulat Khán Ghori the son of Amín Khán, marched with a large army towards Sorath, and, halting at [[Viramgam]], sent forward a detachment under Naurang Khán, Sayad Kásim, and other officers. Advancing as far as Morbi, Naurang Khán entered into negotiations with the Jám, who, however, refused to accede to the demands of the imperial commander. On this the viceroy joined Naurang Khán with the bulk of his army, and after a short delay marched on Nawánagar. On his way, a plateau called [[Bhuchar Mori]] at the village of [[Dhrol]] near Nawánagar, Muzaffar and the Jám opposed him, and an obstinate battle in which the imperialists were nearly worsted, ended in Muzaffar's defeat. The son and minister of the Jám were slain, and Muzaffar, the Jám, and Daulat Khán who was wounded, fled to the fortress of Junágaḍh. The viceroy now advanced and plundered Nawánagar, and remaining there sent Naurang Khán, Sayad Kásím, and Gújar Khán against Junágaḍh. The day the army arrived before the fortress Daulat Khán died of his wounds. Still the fortress held out, and though the viceroy joined them the siege made little progress as the imperial troops were in great straits for grain. The viceroy returned to Áhmedábád, and after seven or eight months again marched against Junágaḍh. The Jám, who was still a fugitive, sent envoys and promised to aid the viceroy if his country were restored to him. The viceroy assented on condition that, during the operations against Junágaḍh, the Jám should furnish his army with grain. The Jám agreed to provide grain, and after a siege of three months the garrison surrendered.<ref name="GBP"/><br />
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===Last days===<br />
News was next received that Muzaffar had taken refuge at [[Dwarka]] (also known as Jagat). The viceroy at once sent Naurang Khán and others with an army in pursuit. On reaching Jagat it was found that Muzaffar had already left for a village owned by a Rájput named Sewa Wádhel. Without halting Naurang Khán started in pursuit, nearly surprising Muzaffar, who escaping on horseback with a few followers, crossed to Cutch (now [[Kachchh]]). Sewa Wádhel covering Muzaffar's retreat was surprised before he could put to sea and fought gallantly with the imperial forces till he was slain. Naurang Khán then came to Arámra, a village belonging to Singrám Wádhel, Rája of Dwarka, and after frustrating a scheme devised by that chief to entrap a body of the troops on board ship under pretence of pursuing Muzaffar's family, led his men back to Junágaḍh. The viceroy, hearing in what direction Muzaffar had fled, marched to [[Morbi]], where the Jám of Navánagar came and paid his respects. At the same time the [[Cutch State|Cutch]] chief, who is called Rao Bháramalji I, sent a message that if the viceroy would refrain from invading his country and would give him his ancestral district of Morbi and supply him with a detachment of troops, he would point out where Muzaffar was concealed. The Khán-i-Ázam agreed to these terms and the chief captured Muzaffar and handed him to the force sent to secure him.<ref name="GBP"/><br />
<br />
The detachment, strictly guarding the prisoner, were marching rapidly towards Morbi, when, on reaching [[Dhrol]], about thirty miles east of Nawanagar (now [[Jamnagar]]), under pretence of obeying a call of nature, Muzaffar withdrew and cut his throat with a knife, so that he died. This happened in 1592. The viceroy sent Muzaffar's head to the court of Akbar.<ref name="GBP"/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:1592 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
[[Category:Gujarat sultans]]<br />
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Heads of state who died by suicide]]<br />
[[Category:Suicides in India]]<br />
[[Category:Suicides by sharp instrument in India]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapil_Sharma&diff=462229Kapil Sharma2026-03-15T19:35:00Z<p>KandacePolding: basic expanded lead for accuracy and fixed typos</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian stand-up comedian and television host (born 1981)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Kapil Sharma<br />
| image = The-great-Indian-Kapil-show-press-conference-10.jpg<br />
| caption = Sharma at a press conference for ''[[The Great Indian Kapil Show]]''<br />
| birth_name = Kapil Punj<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|04|02|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Amritsar, Punjab]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Stand-up comedian|[[television presenter]]|actor|producer|singer}}<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Ginni Chatrath|December 2018}}<br />
| children = 2<br />
| years_active = 2006–present<br />
| education = Apeejay College of Fine Arts, [[Jalandhar]]<br />
| module = {{Infobox comedian<br />
| embed = yes<br />
| medium = {{ubl|[[Stand-up comedy|Stand-up]]|[[Television comedy|Television]]|[[Film]]}}<br />
| genre = {{ubl|[[Insult comedy]]|[[Comedic genres|Heritage comedy]]|[[Character comedy]]}}<br />
| subject = {{ubl|[[Punjab]]|Indian women|Indian men|[[Bollywood]]|Fellow performers|Class divide}}<br />
| notable_work = {{ubl|''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]] (season 3)''|''[[Comedy Circus]]''|''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''|''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''|''[[The Great Indian Kapil Show]]''}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kapil Sharma''' (born '''Kapil Punj'''; 2 April 1981)<ref name="DOB">{{Cite news |last=Banerjee |first=Anindita |date=2 April 2018 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/kapil-sharma-37-birthday-sunil-grover-wish-on-twitter/213287 |title=After Twitter war, Sunil Grover wishes his 'brother' Kapil Sharma a happy birthday |work=[[Times Now]] |access-date=16 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513125651/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/kapil-sharma-37-birthday-sunil-grover-wish-on-twitter/213287 |archive-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> is an Indian stand-up comedian, television host, actor, dubbing artist, producer, and singer who primarily works in [[Hindi cinema]]. He is best known for hosting popular stand-up comedy and talk shows such as ''[[The Great Indian Kapil Show]]'' and ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]'', and has received five [[Indian Television Academy Awards]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kapil-sharma-i-will-do-as-ginni-says-because-i-know-that-she-is-right/articleshow/66794849.cms|title=Kapil Sharma: I will do as Ginni says, because I know that she is right|website=The Times of India|date=26 November 2018|access-date=10 December 2019|archive-date=27 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127072327/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kapil-sharma-i-will-do-as-ginni-says-because-i-know-that-she-is-right/articleshow/66794849.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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Sharma rose to prominence after winning the stand-up comedy reality show, ''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]]'' season 3 in 2007.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Kapil Sharma asks PM Modi in a tweet |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/these-are-your-acche-din-kapil-sharma-asks-pm-modi-in-angry-tweet/story-ZuAAeYAEvHBCCSDyLuPM8I.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=9 September 2016 |access-date=30 November 2022 |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130071032/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/these-are-your-acche-din-kapil-sharma-asks-pm-modi-in-angry-tweet/story-ZuAAeYAEvHBCCSDyLuPM8I.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He has hosted and produced several successful television comedy shows including ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]'' and ''[[Family Time With Kapil Sharma|Family Time with Kapil]]''. Sharma has also won multiple seasons of the comedy competition show ''[[Comedy Circus]]'' alongside various co-performers. In 2011, he participated in the singing reality show ''Star Ya Rockstar'', finishing as the second runner-up.<ref name="Star Ya Rockstar"/><br />
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Sharma made his film debut with ''[[Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon]]'' (2015), which was commercially successful, and its sequel ''[[Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon 2]]'' in 2025. He subsequently appeared in films such as ''[[Firangi]]'' (2017) and ''[[Zwigato]]'' (2023). He also lent his voice for the Hindi dub of ''[[The Angry Birds Movie 2]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kapil Sharma, Kiku Sharda & Archana Puran Singh set to ... |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/angry-birds-2-kapil-sharma-kiku-sharda-archana-puran-singh-set-promote-their-upcoming-film-468631%3Famp&ved=2ahUKEwiPuLGnjc77AhVBx3MBHaQTCvoQFnoECCwQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1FYtgP8vTlDVc_Ja4MbnGe |website=www.pinkvilla.com }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <br />
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Apart from television and film, Kapil Sharma is also known for performing live stand-up comedy shows both in India and internationally.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Oman show |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/comedian-kapil-sharmas-show-in-oman-a-big-draw-636313/amp/1&ved=2ahUKEwjPn4ja0Nv7AhXYXGwGHY5oAS4QFnoECA8QAQ&usg=AOvVaw0KFl3J2PkqYvcAIHH_K31k |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Stage show |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/lifestyle-gallery/kapil-sharma-of-the-kapil-sharma-show-this-is-how-the-crowd-gathered-at-kapil-sharma-live-show-in-canada-afghanistans-fan-lavished-love-like-this/2244362/lite/&ved=2ahUKEwi2iKKr0dv7AhUVcGwGHX9tCM44FBAWegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw20s3ZBRpjcOs5EHteZT9bP |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Jansatta }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
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==Early and personal life==<br />
Sharma was born in a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] family in the city of [[Amritsar]] in [[Punjab, India]] as Kapil Punj.<ref name="TOIfacts" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mendonca |first1=Alyssandra |title=Comedian Kapil Sharma on Amritsar's matthi chhole, Scotch whisky, and Punjabis and dieting: The FOODie Interview |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/kapil-sharma-on-amritsars-matthi-chhole-scotch-whisky-and-punjabis-and-dieting-the-foodie-interview-2820038/ |access-date=10 April 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=26 May 2016 |language=en |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120060159/https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/kapil-sharma-on-amritsars-matthi-chhole-scotch-whisky-and-punjabis-and-dieting-the-foodie-interview-2820038/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His father Jeetendra Kumar Punj was a head constable in the [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]], while his mother Janak Rani is a homemaker.<ref name=EarlyLife>{{cite news|title=Life has changed ever since, says comedian Kapil's family|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/amritsar/life-has-changed-ever-since-says-comedian-kapil-s-family/article1-1173318.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116183652/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/amritsar/life-has-changed-ever-since-says-comedian-kapil-s-family/article1-1173318.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 January 2014|access-date=18 December 2014|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> His father was diagnosed with cancer in 1997 and died in 2004 at [[AIIMS]] in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Priya |title=Kapil Sharma: Seeing my daddy suffer in his last days, I prayed to God to take him |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kapil-Sharma-Seeing-my-daddy-suffer-in-his-last-days-I-prayed-to-God-to-take-him/articleshow/39944224.cms |access-date=10 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=10 August 2014 |language=en |archive-date=21 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421015129/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kapil-sharma-seeing-my-daddy-suffer-in-his-last-days-i-prayed-to-god-to-take-him/articleshow/39944224.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He studied at the Shri Ram Ashram Senior Secondary School and Hindu College in Amritsar. He is featured in the list of prominent alumni of the Apeejay College of Fine Arts, [[Jalandhar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Apeejay Prominent Alumni - Apeejay College of Fine Arts Jalandhar |url=https://acfa.apeejay.edu/alumni/prominent-alumni |website=acfa.apeejay.edu |access-date=25 November 2019 |archive-date=18 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918063014/https://acfa.apeejay.edu/alumni/prominent-alumni |url-status=live }}</ref> Sharma has a brother named Ashok Kumar Sharma who is a police constable, and a sister named Pooja Pawan Devgan.<ref>{{cite web |last=Chaubal |first=Gauri |date=2 April 2016 |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/kapil-sharmas-personal-life-in-pictures-694990/ |title=Kapil Sharma's personal life in pictures |publisher=Bollywood Life |access-date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=25 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125150129/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/kapil-sharmas-personal-life-in-pictures-694990/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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[[File:Kapil-Sharma-and-Ginni-Chatrath’s-wedding-reception.jpg|thumb|upright|Sharma with wife, Ginni Chatrath in 2018]]<br />
<br />
Sharma married Ginni Chatrath in [[Jalandhar]] on 12 December 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2018 |title=Kapil Sharma ties the knot |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kapil-sharma-ginni-chatrath-wedding-photo-videos-5488485/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=27 February 2023 |archive-date=27 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227110201/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kapil-sharma-ginni-chatrath-wedding-photo-videos-5488485/ |url-status=live }}</ref> They have two children – a daughter and a son.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chaubey |first1=Pranita |title=It's A Baby Boy For Kapil Sharma And Ginni Chatrath |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/its-a-baby-boy-for-kapil-sharma-and-ginni-chatrath-2360941 |access-date=1 February 2021 |work=NDTV |date=1 February 2021 |archive-date=1 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201031100/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/its-a-baby-boy-for-kapil-sharma-and-ginni-chatrath-2360941 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
===Rise to prominence (2007-2012)===<br />
Sharma rose to fame after winning the comedy reality television show ''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]]''{{'}}s third season in 2007, for which he won a cash prize of {{INRConvert|10|l|lk=on|year=2007}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kapil Sharma: A look at the net worth, luxury properties, and cars owned by India's highest-paid comedian |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/kapil-sharma-a-look-at-the-net-worth-luxury-properties-and-cars-owned-by-indias-highest-paid-comedian/3020170/ |access-date=27 October 2023 |work=Financial Express |date=24 March 2023 |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027164715/https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/kapil-sharma-a-look-at-the-net-worth-luxury-properties-and-cars-owned-by-indias-highest-paid-comedian/3020170/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He had previously worked in the Punjabi show ''Hasde Hasaande Ravo'' on MH One channel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2016/04/02/funny-punjabi-punjab-amritsar-comedian-television-odd-jobs|title=5 Things You Didn't Know About Birthday Boy Kapil Sharma|publisher=The Quint|date=2 April 2016|access-date=15 August 2017|archive-date=15 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815174704/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2016/04/02/funny-punjabi-punjab-amritsar-comedian-television-odd-jobs|url-status=live}}</ref> Sharma has stated he initially moved to Mumbai to become a singer.<ref name="TOIfacts">{{cite news |title=Name and fame - Kapil Sharma: Lesser known facts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/kapil-sharma-lesser-known-facts/name-and-fame/photostory/61130448.cms |access-date=5 January 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707015519/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/kapil-sharma-lesser-known-facts/name-and-fame/photostory/61130448.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
He participated in [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony]]'s ''[[Comedy Circus]],''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.siasat.com/english/news/parvati-singhal-kapil-crown-comedy-king |title=Parvati Singhal, Kapil crown Comedy King |publisher=Siasat |date=29 August 2010 |access-date=3 March 2014 |archive-date=14 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014094248/http://www.siasat.com/english/news/parvati-singhal-kapil-crown-comedy-king |url-status=live }}</ref> and went on to win six seasons of the show.<ref>{{cite news |last=Maheshwari |first=Neha |date=16 December 2011 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kapil-wins-yet-another-season-of-Comedy-Circus/articleshow/11131528.cms |title=Kapil wins yet another season of Comedy Circus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110200735/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kapil-wins-yet-another-season-of-Comedy-Circus/articleshow/11131528.cms |archive-date=10 January 2017 |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 September 2015}}</ref> Sharma was seen as a contestant in the show ''[[Ustaadon Ka Ustaad]]'' in 2008. In 2011, he participated as a contestant in [[Zee TV|Zee TV's]] singing reality show ''Star Ya Rockstar'', and finished as a runner up.<ref name="Star Ya Rockstar"/><br />
<br />
===Established comedian and film career (2013-present)===<br />
In 2013, Kapil launched his own show, ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]'', under his banner ''K9 Productions'' on [[Colors TV]]. He played Bittu Sharma, the host of a fictional family show.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Bhandari |first1=Geetika Sasan |title=Exclusive: How the Kapil Sharma-Colors rift started, and played out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what%27s-hot/story/exclusive-how-the-kapil-sharma-colors-rift-started-and-played-out-304691-2016-01-20 |access-date=6 August 2023 |magazine=India Today |date=2 February 2016 |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806133156/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what%27s-hot/story/exclusive-how-the-kapil-sharma-colors-rift-started-and-played-out-304691-2016-01-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also hosted the dance reality show ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 6|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Season 6]],''<ref>[https://forbesindia.com/celebprofile/kapil-sharma/186 Kapil Sharma] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225093429/https://forbesindia.com/celebprofile/kapil-sharma/186|date=25 December 2014}}. Forbesindia.com. Retrieved on 16 September 2015.</ref> and another comedy show ''Chhote Miyan''.<ref>{{cite news |author=Aparna Banerji |date=24 July 2009 |title=Lady laughter sends T-town rolling |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090724/jplus.htm#3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227231424/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090724/jplus.htm#3 |archive-date=27 February 2014 |access-date=21 July 2014 |work=Tribune India}}</ref><ref name="toi13">{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Daily soaps weren't creatively satisfying: Manish Paul |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Daily-soaps-werent-creatively-satisfying-Manish-Paul/articleshow/21757354.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815095657/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-11/tv/41293838_1_kapil-sharma-manish-paul-humour |archive-date=15 August 2013 |access-date=16 August 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
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At the ''CNN-IBN Indian of the Year awards'' 2013, Sharma was felicitated with the Indian of the Year award in the entertainment category by veteran actor [[Amol Palekar]].<ref name="tr">{{cite news|author=Wadehra, Randeep|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070916/spectrum/main3.htm|title=The Great Punjabi Challenge|date=16 September 2007|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172138/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070916/spectrum/main3.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same year he did live stage shows in [[Oman]].<ref name=":4" /> During the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 Lok Sabha Elections]], he was appointed the Brand Ambassador by the [[Delhi State Election Commission|Delhi Election Commission]].<ref>[https://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/comedian-kapil-sharma-to-be-brand-ambassador-for-delhi-poll/ Comedian Kapil Sharma to be a brand ambassador for Delhi poll] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122185159/https://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/comedian-kapil-sharma-to-be-brand-ambassador-for-delhi-poll/ |date=22 November 2017 }}. News.biharprabha.com (5 April 2014). Retrieved on 16 September 2015.</ref><br />
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Sharma was the co-host of the [[60th Filmfare Awards|60th]] [[Filmfare Awards]] in 2015 along with [[Karan Johar]].<ref>Narayan, Girija. (5 February 2015) [https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2015/when-kapil-sharma-stole-karan-johars-thunder-at-filmfare-awards-2015-172887.html When Kapil Sharma Stole Karan Johar's Thunder At Filmfare Awards 2015!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114145243/https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2015/when-kapil-sharma-stole-karan-johars-thunder-at-filmfare-awards-2015-172887.html |date=14 November 2017 }}. Filmibeat. Retrieved on 16 September 2015.</ref> He was the presenter for the fourth season of [[Celebrity Cricket League]] in 2014.<ref>Narayan, Girija. (20 January 2014) [https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2014/kapil-sharma-host-ccl-2014-launch-event-had-sachin-dhanush-venkatesh-130122.html Kapil Sharma To Host CCL 2014; Launch Event With Sachin, Dhanush, Venkatesh...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114145227/https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2014/kapil-sharma-host-ccl-2014-launch-event-had-sachin-dhanush-venkatesh-130122.html |date=14 November 2017 }}. Filmibeat. Retrieved on 16 September 2015.</ref> He appeared as a guest on the opening episode of the eighth season of the Indian television game show ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]],''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/kapil-sharma-amitabh-bachchan-first-guest-kbc-8-202246-2014-07-30 |title=Kapil Sharma is Amitabh Bachchan's first guest on KBC 8 |publisher=India Today |date=30 July 2014 |access-date=30 July 2014 |archive-date=30 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730190231/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kapil-sharma-amitabh-bachchan-first-guest-kbc-8/1/374806.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and also as a celebrity guest on ''[[The Anupam Kher Show]]''.<ref>Narayan, Girija. (19 August 2014) [https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2014/read-emotional-revelations-kapil-sharma-made-the-anupam-kher-show-157089.html#slide63377 Emotional Revelations Kapil Sharma Made On The Anupam Kher Show!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114042031/https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2014/read-emotional-revelations-kapil-sharma-made-the-anupam-kher-show-157089.html#slide63377 |date=14 November 2017 }}. Filmibeat. Retrieved on 16 September 2015.</ref> He also appeared as a guest on [[Koffee with Karan|Koffee With Karan]] in 2017.{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}<br />
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Sharma made his [[Bollywood]] debut as the male lead in the movie ''[[Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon]]'', a romantic-comedy directed by [[Abbas Mustan]] opposite four actresses, [[Elli AvrRam]], [[Manjari Phadnis]], [[Simran Kaur Mundi]] and [[Sai Lokur]].<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Kapil-Sharmas-film-goes-on-floor/articleshow/45078735.cms|title=Kapil Sharma's film goes on floor|date=8 November 2014|work=The Times of India|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-date=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206003111/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Kapil-Sharmas-film-goes-on-floor/articleshow/45078735.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was released on 25 September 2015 to mixed reviews from critics but did record-breaking opening day business for a debut.<ref name="m.indiatoday.in">{{cite news | title = Kapil Sharma's film sets box office on fire | url = https://m.indiatoday.in/story/kis-kisko-pyaar-karoon-collection-kapil-sharmas-debut-film-sets-box-office-on-fire-in-its-opening-weekend/1/484955.html | access-date = 26 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171114040332/http://m.indiatoday.in/story/kis-kisko-pyaar-karoon-collection-kapil-sharmas-debut-film-sets-box-office-on-fire-in-its-opening-weekend/1/484955.html | archive-date = 14 November 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="indiatimes1"/><ref name=opening>[https://m.ibtimes.co.in/kis-kisko-pyaar-karoon-opening-day-box-office-collection-kapil-sharmas-movie-smashes-records-648159 'Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon' opening day box office collection: Kapil Sharma's movie smashes records; Beats 'Baby' 1st day business] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927142004/https://m.ibtimes.co.in/kis-kisko-pyaar-karoon-opening-day-box-office-collection-kapil-sharmas-movie-smashes-records-648159 |date=27 September 2015 }}. M.ibtimes.co.in. Retrieved on 27 September 2015.</ref> In the same year he signed and was paid to do six live shows in North America but the event organiser Amit Jaitly alleged Sharma did not show up in one city and thus filed a court case for breach of contract against Sharma in a [[New York (state)|New York]] court. Jaitly also accused Sharma of not taking his phone calls, and the case is pending in the New York court.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=...show runs into trouble. |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/toronto-done-but-kapil-sharmas-new-york-show-runs-into-trouble/articleshow/92705458.cms |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=6 July 2022 |archive-date=8 August 2022 |access-date=22 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808052700/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/toronto-done-but-kapil-sharmas-new-york-show-runs-into-trouble/articleshow/92705458.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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His show ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]'' on Colors aired its last episode on 24 January 2016. <br />
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Sharma began a new show titled ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]'' on [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony Entertainment Television]] under his ''K9 Productions''. ''The Kapil Sharma Show'' debuted on 23 April 2016 to a positive response from the viewers.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Kapil Sharma Show tops the non-fiction category |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/The-Kapil-Sharma-Show-tops-the-non-fiction-category/articleshow/52906878.cms |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=26 June 2016 |language=en |archive-date=21 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421185022/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/The-Kapil-Sharma-Show-tops-the-non-fiction-category/articleshow/52906878.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://thekapilsharmashowtv.com/|title=The Kapil Sharma Show Watch Full Episodes Online Sony TV Know About|website=The Kapil Sharma Show TV|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2016|archive-date=8 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408144809/http://thekapilsharmashowtv.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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In 2017, he did not record his TV show multiple times and cancelled shootings, due to several actors like Ajay Devgn, Shah Rukh Khan and their crew having to return from the sets when Kapil Sharma did not show up. Later Kapil Sharma was admitted into an Ayurvedic ''ashram'' in [[Karnataka]] to leave his alcohol addiction but he left the ''ashram'' before attending the full treatment of 40 days, in 12 days. He told [[DNA (newspaper)|''DNA'']] in an interview he suffered from high blood pressure and other health issues. Prior to this, Sharma assaulted his employee and fellow comedian on the show, [[Sunil Grover]], after consuming alcohol and abusing other fellow comedians. Post this altercation, Grover quit Sharma's TV show.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/kapil-sharma-leaves-rehab-a-month-before-time-has-stopped-drinking-completely-in-12-days/story-Wht7vUWe59JYi5NxPmQU2N.html | title=Kapil Sharma leaves rehab a month before time, has 'stopped drinking completely' in 12 days | date=20 September 2017 | access-date=27 November 2022 | archive-date=27 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127120732/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/kapil-sharma-leaves-rehab-a-month-before-time-has-stopped-drinking-completely-in-12-days/story-Wht7vUWe59JYi5NxPmQU2N.html | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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His second movie, ''[[Firangi]],'' was released on 1 December 2017. Directed by Rajiev Dhingra and produced by Sharma himself, ''Firangi'' was a period drama film set in the year 1920. Sharma played the role of Manga. Renuka Vyavahare of ''[[The Times of India]]'' in a review wrote, 'Firangi is a boring film', gave 2.0/5 stars and other critics, panned it for a bad story and slow speed.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Firangi review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/firangi/movie-review/61875686.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=29 November 2022 |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422201326/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/firangi/movie-review/61875686.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Firangi review |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/firangi-movie-review-kapil-sharma-is-as-much-to-blame-for-this-bloated-film-as-the-screenplay-1782333/amp/1&ved=2ahUKEwjLsvKRzNP7AhXCpOkKHcTbA0gQFnoECBIQAQ&usg=AOvVaw39QpAvYmTEiIOEzB1qusXe |website=NDTV}}</ref> It emerged as a big flop at the box-office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Box Office: Firangi is a major flop, Tera Intezaar is a non-starter, Tumhari Sulu ... |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-firangi-major-flop-tera-intezaar-non-starter-tumhari-sulu-scores-well/&ved=2ahUKEwii0-2Zrs77AhVYGrcAHf5qCNoQFnoECFMQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1YsQWydgPs8TaUVHyNgi8t |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}{{dead link|date=July 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The 25 crore film managed to earn 10 crores and Sharma suffered losses.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Was the failure of Kapil Sharma's Firangi responsible for his downfall? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/kapil-sharma-firangi-failure-depression-1210643-2018-04-12 |website=www.indiatoday.in |date=12 April 2018 |access-date=27 November 2022 |archive-date=27 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127124133/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/kapil-sharma-firangi-failure-depression-1210643-2018-04-12 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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His next show was launched on 25 March 2018 stating as ''[[Family Time With Kapil Sharma]]'' which ended on 1 April after only 3 episodes. In 2018, he produced a [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] movie named ''[[Son of Manjeet Singh]]'' which was released on 12 October 2018. His show ''The Kapil Sharma Show'' was renewed with a new season, which started airing on 29 December 2018, produced by [[Salman Khan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Salman Khan is the producer of the new season of The Kapil Sharma Show, reveals Sunil Grover |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/sunil-grover-reveals-salman-khan-is-producing-the-new-season-of-the-kapil-sharma-show-tv-news/328642 |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=Times Now |date=10 December 2018 |language=en |archive-date=13 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113013040/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/sunil-grover-reveals-salman-khan-is-producing-the-new-season-of-the-kapil-sharma-show-tv-news/328642 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In 2020, it was announced he will star in a kids comedy show, titled ''The Honey Bunny Show With Kapil Sharma'' on [[Sony Yay]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sony YAY! announces a new show titled The Honey Bunny Show with Kapil Sharma |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/sony-yay-announces-a-new-show-titled-the-honey-bunny-show-with-kapil-sharma-149337 |access-date=5 October 2020 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=1 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008071422/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/sony-yay-announces-a-new-show-titled-the-honey-bunny-show-with-kapil-sharma-149337 |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2020, Kapil Sharma, [[Krushna Abhishek]] and other members of his Sony TV show performed a live show in [[Dubai]], the [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dubai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kapil-sharma-and-team-land-in-dubai-share-pictures-from-the-airport/articleshow/73552938.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=23 January 2020 |access-date=29 November 2022 |archive-date=23 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123205717/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kapil-sharma-and-team-land-in-dubai-share-pictures-from-the-airport/articleshow/73552938.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In January 2022, it was announced a biopic on his life is under development. Titled ''Funkaar,'' the film will be directed by Mrighdeep Singh Lamba.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kapil-sharma-biopic-announced-the-untold-story-of-indias-most-beloved-comedian-is-titled-funkaar-4657178.html|title=Kapil Sharma Biopic Announced; The Untold Story of India's Most Beloved Comedian Is Titled 'Funkaar'|date=14 January 2022|work=News18|access-date=18 January 2022|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118054642/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kapil-sharma-biopic-announced-the-untold-story-of-indias-most-beloved-comedian-is-titled-funkaar-4657178.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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''The Kapil Sharma Show'' initiated airing its fifth and final season on Sony on 10 September 2022. The show's main actor Krushna Abhishek left the show due to monetary differences.<ref>{{Cite web |title=krushna-abhishek-on-his-exit-from-the-kapil-sharma-show-i-will-be-back-mera-bhi-show-hai- |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/krushna-abhishek-on-his-exit-from-the-kapil-sharma-show-i-will-be-back-mera-bhi-show-hai-8124189/lite/&ved=2ahUKEwiDxLXN0M77AhVr83MBHdx8Bk0QFnoECBEQBQ&usg=AOvVaw25HNdysG4iQgR2MmC54zuF |website=indianexpress.com }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Before the start of shooting in June–July, Sharma did live shows in North America.<ref name=":1" /> In 2023, Kapil Sharma was the lead actor in the movie ''[[Zwigato]]'', directed by [[Nandita Das]].<br />
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[[Netflix]] announced [[The Great Indian Kapil Show|''The Great Indian Kapil Show'']] on 14 November 2023. From the previous show on Sony TV, [[Archana Puran Singh]], [[Krushna Abhishek]], [[Kiku Sharda]] and Rajeev Thakur joined the cast.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kapil Sharma's new comedy show to air on Netflix; Archana Puran Singh, Krushna Abhishek, Kiku Sharda join him. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/kapil-sharma-new-comedy-show-on-netflix-archana-puran-singh-krushna-abhishek-kiku-sharda-101699944851567.html |work=Hindustan Times |agency=PTI |date=14 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |archive-date=15 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115013540/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/kapil-sharma-new-comedy-show-on-netflix-archana-puran-singh-krushna-abhishek-kiku-sharda-101699944851567.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Farzeen |first=Sana |date=14 November 2023 |title=As Kapil Sharma finds home on Netflix, Rajiv Thakur says he never felt envious of childhood friend's success: 'Agar main jealous hota…' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/as-kapil-sharma-finds-home-on-netflix-rajiv-thakur-says-he-never-felt-envious-of-childhood-friends-success-9026097/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=15 November 2023 |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114190922/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/as-kapil-sharma-finds-home-on-netflix-rajiv-thakur-says-he-never-felt-envious-of-childhood-friends-success-9026097/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[The Great Indian Kapil Show|''The Great Indian Kapil Show'']] started streaming on Netflix from 30 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bengani |first=Sneha |date=2 April 2024 |title=The Great Indian Kapil Show could be Netflix's biggest coup yet |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/the-great-indian-kapil-show-sunil-grover-netflix-biggest-coup-yet-19391248.htm/ |work=CNBCTV18 |access-date=6 April 2024 |archive-date=6 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406025137/https://www.cnbctv18.com//entertainment/the-great-indian-kapil-show-sunil-grover-netflix-biggest-coup-yet-19391248.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In the first season, Sunil Grover returned to the show as a recurring cast member, and Navjot Singh Sidhu returned as the permanent guest in the third season.<br />
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In 2025, the sequel to his debut film, ''[[Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon 2]]'', starring him alongside [[Parul Gulati]], Hira Warina, [[Tridha Choudhury]], and [[Ayesha Khan (Indian actress)|Ayesha Khan]] released on 12 December.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 October 2025 |title=Kapil Sharma's 'Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon 2' gets a release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kapil-sharmas-kis-kisko-pyaar-karoon-2-gets-a-release-date/article70193230.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=25 December 2025 |archive-date=23 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251023212654/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kapil-sharmas-kis-kisko-pyaar-karoon-2-gets-a-release-date/article70193230.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===Singing career===<br />
Sharma sang his first song "Alone" with [[Guru Randhawa]] with a video published by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] featuring Sharma and [[Yogita Bihani]] in the leading roles. The song was aired on [[YouTube]] on 9 February 2023.<ref>(8 February 2023) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzmTKDqrqNM Alone: Kapil Sharma, Guru Randhawa, Yogita Bihani | DirectorGifty | Sanjoy | Bhushan Kumar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312223255/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzmTKDqrqNM |date=12 March 2023 }}. Youtube. Retrieved on 8 February 2023.</ref><ref>(9 February 2023) [https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/alone-kapil-sharma-suffers-a-heartbreak-in-first-single-with-guru-randhawa-101675924524980.html Alone: Kapil Sharma suffers heartbreak in first single with Guru Randhawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312223259/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/alone-kapil-sharma-suffers-a-heartbreak-in-first-single-with-guru-randhawa-101675924524980.html |date=12 March 2023 }}. Hindustan Times. Retrieved on 12 March 2023.</ref><br />
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== Controversies ==<br />
In 2016, Sharma tagged Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] in a tweet and alleged the [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] (BMC) took a 5,00,000-[[Indian rupee|rupee]] bribe from him for the construction of his office. “I am paying 15 [[crore]]s income tax from last five years and still I have to pay 5 lacs to bribe to BMC office for making my office, Narendra Modi, ''Yeh hain aapke [[Achhe din aane waale hain|achhe din]]''?", he tweeted. In response, The Chief of BMC's vigilance department asked him the names of the people who took bribes and assured him stringent action against them. It was later revealed Sharma himself was doing illegal activities involving construction work being done on his properties. The BMC issued a stop work notice to him regarding illegal extensions on two of his bungalows in [[Andheri]] and told him to demolish illegal work within 24 hours. On 4 August 2016, BMC demolished parts of the extensions and their officials alleged Kapil Sharma made internal changes on his properties and office buildings without legal permission from the BMC.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
In 2018, Sharma did a show for the [[Pakistan Super League]] in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]], angering many people in India who were hostile to the idea of collaboration with the country.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Khanna |first1=Akash |date=22 February 2018 |title=Kapil Sharma slammed by Indian fans for promoting Pakistan Super League |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket-kapil-sharma-slammed-by-indian-fans-for-promoting-pakistan-super-league-429335 |work=India TV News |access-date=3 December 2022 |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203163039/https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket-kapil-sharma-slammed-by-indian-fans-for-promoting-pakistan-super-league-429335 |url-status=live}}</ref> Right-wing politicians and [[Maharashtra]] political party [[Shiv Sena]] slammed Sharma and said, "Kapil Sharma is making a mockery of India's honour. He just wants to earn money and doesn't care about the country, we strongly condemn Sharma for performing during PSL".<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2018 |title=Kapil Sharma Performs During Pakistan Super League 2018 Opening Ceremony in Dubai, Shiv Sena Slams Him |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/kapil-sharma-performs-during-pakistan-super-league-2018-opening-ceremony-in-dubai-shiv-sena-slams-him-2908543/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=India.com |language=en |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203163047/https://www.india.com/news/india/kapil-sharma-performs-during-pakistan-super-league-2018-opening-ceremony-in-dubai-shiv-sena-slams-him-2908543/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2021 |title=26/11: The day terror hit us |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/2611-the-day-terror-hit-us-101637865751628.html |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015072316/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/2611-the-day-terror-hit-us-101637865751628.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2018, Kapil Sharma had an argument with journalist Vicky Lalwani of ''[[SpotboyE]]'' in a recorded telephone conversation, later leaked by Lalwani. Sharma used foul language and asked the journalist his reason for writing negative and biased articles about him (Sharma). After the conversation went viral on social media, Sharma filed a police complaint against Lalwani and his ex-managers [[Preeti Simoes]] and Neeti Simoes, for trying to extort INR 25 lakhs from him. He also alleged in a police complaint that both sisters used to take money from the people who arrived in [[Film City, Mumbai]] to see his show and orchestrated misunderstandings between him and fellow comedians of his show and arriving guests.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Kapil Sharma police statement against Preeti Simoes. |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/television/kapil-sharma-police-statement-against-preeti-simoes |website=Amar ujala |access-date=30 November 2022 |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130111635/https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/television/kapil-sharma-police-statement-against-preeti-simoes |url-status=live }}</ref> Simoes condemned all of these allegations as false and made-up stories. Preeti Simoes also claimed she was Sharma's girlfriend for 8 years until his engagement.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Preeti">{{Cite web |title=Kapil's ex-girlfriend Preeti Simoes reacted to the police complaint filed by him. |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/kapil-s-ex-girlfriend-preeti-simoes-reacts-to-police-complaint-filed-by-the-comedian-1216599-2018-04-20 |website=[[India Today]] |date=20 April 2018 |access-date=30 November 2022 |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130105457/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/kapil-s-ex-girlfriend-preeti-simoes-reacts-to-police-complaint-filed-by-the-comedian-1216599-2018-04-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> She and her sister Neeti Simoes worked in Kapil Sharma's production with him for eight years until 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maheshwri |first=Neha |title=Preeti Simoes I just want Kapil Sharma get well soon. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/preeti-simoes-i-just-want-to-tell-kapil-sharma-get-well-soon/articleshow/63657421.cms |website=Times of india |date=7 April 2018 |access-date=30 November 2022 |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130105457/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/preeti-simoes-i-just-want-to-tell-kapil-sharma-get-well-soon/articleshow/63657421.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> She claimed trouble erupted between Preeti and Kapil after he announced his engagement with Ginni Chatrath in March 2017. Sharma also abused ''SpotboyE'' and its editor Vicky Lalwani through a series of tweets, which his employees tried to cover up by saying his account was hacked until Sharma later confessed the abusive tweets were written by himself. On 8 April 2018, ''SpotboyE'' filed a counter police report against Sharma for intimidation, abuse and threats.<ref>{{Cite web |title=... against Kapil Sharma |date=8 April 2018 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/journalist-files-counter-complaint-against-kapil-sharma-for-intimidation/story-EpgX5RwbQSYoBseCIIpEaK.html |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205095622/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/journalist-files-counter-complaint-against-kapil-sharma-for-intimidation/story-EpgX5RwbQSYoBseCIIpEaK.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 23 January 2025, Kapil Sharma received death threats from Pakistan along with three other Bollywood celebrities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sood |first1=Megha |date=23 January 2025 |title=Kapil Sharma, Rajpal Yadav, Remo D'Souza get death threats from Pakistan, to get security cover from Mumbai Police |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kapil-sharma-rajpal-yadav-remo-dsouza-get-death-threats-from-pakistan-fir-filed-mumbai-101737602467500.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=26 January 2025 |archive-date=23 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123034911/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kapil-sharma-rajpal-yadav-remo-dsouza-get-death-threats-from-pakistan-fir-filed-mumbai-101737602467500.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Maitra |first1=Jyotismita |date=23 January 2025 |title=Kapil Sharma, Rajpal Yadav, Remo D'Souza Receive Death Threats from Pakistan; Mumbai Police Tightens Security |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/entertainment/kapil-sharma-rajpal-yadav-remo-dsouza-receive-death-threats-from-pakistan-mumbai-police-tightens-security |access-date=26 January 2025 |work=Bru Times News |archive-date=23 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123051403/https://www.brutimes.com/news/entertainment/kapil-sharma-rajpal-yadav-remo-dsouza-receive-death-threats-from-pakistan-mumbai-police-tightens-security |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== List of shooting incidents ==<br />
On 10 July 2025, a group opened fire on Sharma’s restaurant Kap's Café, located in [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]] in Canada's [[British Columbia]] province, that had opened three days ago, part of his "The Great Indian Kapil Sharma" chain.<ref name="NewIndianExpressShooting" /><ref name="HindustanTimesShooting">{{cite news |date=10 July 2025 |access-date=11 July 2025 |last=Bhattacharyya |first=Anirudh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/shots-fired-at-newly-opened-kapil-sharma-s-cafe-in-canada-101752170898694.html |url-status=live |archive-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |title=Shots fired at newly opened Kapil Sharma's cafe in Canada |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250711023229/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/shots-fired-at-newly-opened-kapil-sharma-s-cafe-in-canada-101752170898694.html }}</ref> According to reports, an unidentified gunman, in a video recorded and later uploaded on [[social media]], fired shots at the establishment. The bullets not only hit the cafe, but also nearby buildings, causing panic among locals, but no injuries.<ref name="NewIndianExpressShooting" /><ref name="VancouverSunShooting">{{cite news |last=Moman |first=Sobia |date=10 July 2025 |access-date=11 July 2025 |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/police-investigating-after-shots-fired-at-surrey-business |url-status=live |archive-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=[[Vancouver Sun]] |language=en |title='It's very tough to live in Surrey right now': Shots fired at Bollywood star's newly opened Kap's Cafe |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250711022502/https://vancouversun.com/news/police-investigating-after-shots-fired-at-surrey-business }}</ref><ref name="NDTVShooting">{{cite news |last=Sengar |first=Mukesh Singh |date=10 July 2025 |access-date=11 July 2025 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kapil-sharmas-canada-restaurant-kaps-cafe-fired-upon-by-gunmen-on-camera-8855625 |url-status=live |archive-date=10 July 2025 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |language=en |title=Video: Khalistani Terrorists Open Fire At Kapil Sharma's Cafe In Canada |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250710145815/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kapil-sharmas-canada-restaurant-kaps-cafe-fired-upon-by-gunmen-on-camera-8855625 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Harjeet Singh Laddi, a [[Khalistan movement|Khalistani terrorist]] and member of the banned militant outfit, [[Babbar Khalsa|Babbar Khalsa International]] (BKI), claimed responsibility for the attack, linking it to ongoing tensions involving the Indian diaspora in Canada, but being prompted mostly by comments allegedly made by Sharma in the past.<ref name="NewIndianExpressShooting" /> Laddi is wanted by the [[National Investigation Agency]] (NIA) for the murder of [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]] (VHP) leader Vikas Prabhakar alias Vikas Bagga, who was shot dead at his shop in the [[Rupnagar district]] of [[Punjab, India]] in April 2024.<ref name="NewIndianExpressShooting" /> Laddi hails from [[Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district]] in India's Punjab and is listed among India’s most wanted by the NIA.<ref name="NewIndianExpressShooting" /><br />
<br />
The incident drew condemnation from Indian officials, who reiterated concerns over Sikh extremist activities targeting Indian businesses abroad. Sharma, who was not present during the shooting, issued a statement urging authorities to take action against such violence. Canadian police launched an investigation, though no arrests were immediately reported.<ref name="NewIndianExpressShooting">{{cite news |last=Bajwa |first=Harpreet |date=10 July 2025 |access-date=11 July 2025 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2025/Jul/10/gunman-fires-at-kapil-sharmas-eatery-in-canada-khalistanis-claim-responsibility |url-status=live |archive-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en |title=Gunman fires at Kapil Sharma's eatery in Canada; Khalistanis claim responsibility |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250711020210/https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2025/Jul/10/gunman-fires-at-kapil-sharmas-eatery-in-canada-khalistanis-claim-responsibility }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 7 August 2025, at 4:40 a.m., shots were fired at Kap's Café for a second time.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Burns |first1=Anna |date=7 August 2025 |title=Shots fired for a 2nd time at Surrey cafe owned by Indian star Kapil Sharma |url=https://www.vernonmorningstar.com/home2/shots-fired-at-kaps-cafe-for-second-time-no-injuries-reported-8179306 |work=[[Vernon Morning Star]] |access-date=7 August 2025 |archive-date=7 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250807162246/https://www.vernonmorningstar.com/home2/shots-fired-at-kaps-cafe-for-second-time-no-injuries-reported-8179306 |url-status=live }}</ref> Police responded to a call around 4:40 a.m. of shots fired outside the Scott Road business.<br />
<br />
On 15 October 2025, shots were fired at comedian Kapil Sharma's Kap's Café for the third time in the past four months. Gangsters Goldy Dhillon and Kuldeep Sidhu, both part of mob boss [[Lawrence Bishnoi]]'s operations, claimed credit for the attack on social media.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sengar |first1=Mukesh Singh |date=16 October 2025 |title=Video: Shots Fired At Comedian Kapil Sharma's Cafe In Canada, Again |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/video-shots-fired-at-comedian-kapil-sharmas-cafe-in-canada-again-9467657 |work=NDTV |access-date=16 October 2025 |archive-date=16 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251016143748/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/video-shots-fired-at-comedian-kapil-sharmas-cafe-in-canada-again-9467657 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Activism==<br />
Sharma is known for his efforts in promoting [[animal rights]]. He and the cast of ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]'' appeared in a [[PETA]] campaign to promote the adoption of homeless cats and dogs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/comedy-nights-with-kapil-cast-in-new-peta-campaign/ |title='Comedy Nights With Kapil' cast in new PETA campaign |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815063542/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/comedy-nights-with-kapil-cast-in-new-peta-campaign/ |archive-date=15 August 2017 |work=The Indian Express |agency=IANS |date=8 July 2015 |access-date=16 September 2015}}</ref> In July 2014, he adopted a homeless retired police dog from [[Mumbai]]. He has also campaigned to save tortured elephants across the country.<ref>{{cite news |last=Arora |first=Mani Mahesh |date=26 June 2015 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/10-reasons-why-we-love-Kapil-Sharma/articleshow/47816657.cms |title=10 reasons why we love Kapil Sharma |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628044406/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/10-reasons-why-we-love-Kapil-Sharma/articleshow/47816657.cms |archive-date=28 June 2015 |access-date=16 September 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sharma was nominated in 2014 for the ''[[Swachh Bharat Abhiyan]]'' by the Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] to spread awareness among the public for cleanliness and other hygiene-related social issues.<ref name="timesofindia1">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kapil-Sharma-Will-do-my-best-for-Swachh-Bharat-Abhiyaan/articleshow/45640400.cms |title=Kapil Sharma: Will do my best for Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan |work=The Times of India |date=25 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225214724/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kapil-Sharma-Will-do-my-best-for-Swachh-Bharat-Abhiyaan/articleshow/45640400.cms |access-date=16 September 2015 |archive-date=25 December 2014 }}</ref> For his contribution towards the mission through his show, he was invited to the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] by President [[Pranab Mukherjee]] in September 2015.<ref name="koimoi1">{{cite web |url=https://m.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/kapil-sharma-to-meet-president-pranab-mukherjee |title=Kapil Sharma To Meet President Pranab Mukherjee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928213346/http://m.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/kapil-sharma-to-meet-president-pranab-mukherjee |archive-date=28 September 2015 |work=KoiMoi |date=11 September 2015 |access-date=16 September 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{{Pending films key}}<br />
<br />
=== Films ===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Role<br />
!Language<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
! scope="row" | ''Bhavnao Ko Samjho''<br />
| Thakur's son<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Hindi]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Special appearance<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Not Kis Kisse Pyaar Karoon, but this movie is Kapil Sharma's debut Bollywood film! {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/not-kis-kisse-pyaar-karoon-but-this-movie-is-kapil-sharmas-debut-bollywood-film-1996013/ |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=www.india.com |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314120537/https://www.india.com/entertainment/not-kis-kisse-pyaar-karoon-but-this-movie-is-kapil-sharmas-debut-bollywood-film-1996013/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2015<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[ABCD 2]]''<br />
| Himself <br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Koimoi com |date=10 October 2021 |title=Kapil Sharma To Make A Comeback On Big Screen, Dates Being Worked Out? |url=https://www.koimoi.com/television/kapil-sharma-to-make-a-comeback-on-big-screen-dates-being-worked-out/ |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314120541/https://www.koimoi.com/television/kapil-sharma-to-make-a-comeback-on-big-screen-dates-being-worked-out/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon]]''<br />
| Kumar Shiv Ram Kishan Punj<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2015 |title=Kapil Sharma's 'Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon' earns Rs.18.75 cr in two days |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kapil-sharmas-kis-kisko-pyaar-karoon-mints-rs-10-15-crore-on-opening-day/ |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314120542/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kapil-sharmas-kis-kisko-pyaar-karoon-mints-rs-10-15-crore-on-opening-day/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Firangi]]''<br />
| Mangatram "Manga"<br />
| Also producer <br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Firangi Preview: Kapil Sharma Is All Set With His 'Magic Kick' |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/firangi-preview-kapil-sharma-is-all-set-with-his-magic-kick-1782008 |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314120540/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/firangi-preview-kapil-sharma-is-all-set-with-his-magic-kick-1782008 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Son of Manjeet Singh]]''<br />
|{{NA}}<br />
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br />
| Special appearance; also producer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2018 |title=Kapil Sharma gains five kgs, reveals the reason |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kapil-sharma-gains-five-kgs-photo-5382843/ |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314120536/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kapil-sharma-gains-five-kgs-photo-5382843/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[It's My Life (film)|It's My Life]]''<br />
| Pyaare<br />
| rowspan="5" |Hindi<br />
|Filmed in 2007; <br/>Released after 13 years<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2014 |title=Did you know Kapil Sharma is part of Sanjay Kapoor's delayed 2007 film? |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/did-you-know-kapil-sharma-is-part-of-sanjay-kapoors-delayed-2007-film/15875173 |access-date=25 April 2016 |website=Mid Day |archive-date=6 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506082514/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/did-you-know-kapil-sharma-is-part-of-sanjay-kapoors-delayed-2007-film/15875173 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Zwigato]]'' <br />
| Manas Singh Mahto <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2023 |title=Kapil Sharma says Koreans cried after watching Zwigato: 'They didn't even know I'm known for comedy' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kapil-sharma-zwigato-south-koreans-after-watching-the-film-people-were-crying-there-8474581/ |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314120540/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kapil-sharma-zwigato-south-koreans-after-watching-the-film-people-were-crying-there-8474581/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2024<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Crew (film)|Crew]]''<br />
| Arun Sethi<br />
| Special appearance<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tabu shares pic with Kapil Sharma after wrapping up The Crew schedule, says 'aap aye bahar aayi' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/kareena-kapoor-kriti-sanon-tabu-shares-selfie-with-kapil-sharma-wrap-up-the-crew-film-rhea-kapoor-2395452-2023-06-20 |access-date=21 June 2023 |website=India Today |date=20 June 2023 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625084637/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/celebrities/story/kareena-kapoor-kriti-sanon-tabu-shares-selfie-with-kapil-sharma-wrap-up-the-crew-film-rhea-kapoor-2395452-2023-06-20 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kapil Sharma makes fun of his limited screen time in Tabu, Kareena Kapoor Khan and Kriti Sanon starrer Crew |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kapil-sharma-makes-fun-of-his-limited-screen-time-in-tabu-kareena-kapoor-khan-and-kriti-sanon-starrer-crew/articleshow/108858008.cms |work=The Times of India |date=28 March 2024 |access-date=28 March 2024 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328170629/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kapil-sharma-makes-fun-of-his-limited-screen-time-in-tabu-kareena-kapoor-khan-and-kriti-sanon-starrer-crew/articleshow/108858008.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2025<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon 2]]''<br />
| Mohan Sharma<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon 2: Kapil Sharma and team begin shoot in Mumbai |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kis-kisko-pyaar-karoon-2-kapil-sharma-team-begin-shoot-mumbai/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=25 January 2025 |access-date=25 January 2024 |archive-date=25 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125092544/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kis-kisko-pyaar-karoon-2-kapil-sharma-team-begin-shoot-mumbai/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2026<br />
| {{Pending film|Dadi Ki Shaadi}}<br />
| {{TableTBA}}<br />
| Filming<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kulkarni |first=Onkar |date=29 May 2025 |title=The Diplomat actress Sadia Khateeb on shooting with Riddhima Kapoor and Kapil Sharma for her next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sadia-khateeb-teams-up-with-kapil-sharma-and-riddhima-kapoor-for-exciting-new-film-project/articleshow/121488309.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |access-date=30 May 2025 |archive-date=31 January 2026 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260131080752/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sadia-khateeb-teams-up-with-kapil-sharma-and-riddhima-kapoor-for-exciting-new-film-project/articleshow/121488309.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|+List of television shows and roles<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Role<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | 2006<br />
| ''Hasde Hasande Ravo''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Contestant<br />
| Punjabi, Runner-Up <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6yw8JK9d7c |title=Kapil Sharma - Hasde Hasande Ravo - 2006 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | 2007<br />
| ''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge#Challenge III results|The Great Indian Laughter Challenge (season 3)]]''<br />
| Winner<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2022 |title=Kapil Sharma says he got angry at channel as ₹3 lakh was deducted from The Great Indian Laughter Challenge prize money |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kapil-sharma-says-he-got-angry-at-channel-as-rs-3-lakh-was-deducted-from-the-great-indian-laughter-challenge-prize-money-101643543069457.html |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314120540/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kapil-sharma-says-he-got-angry-at-channel-as-rs-3-lakh-was-deducted-from-the-great-indian-laughter-challenge-prize-money-101643543069457.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | 2008<br />
| ''Chhote Miyan''<br />
| Host<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | 2008–2009<br />
| ''[[Laughter Knights]]''<br />
| rowspan="4" | Contestant<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" scope="row" | 2009 <br />
| ''[[Ustaadon Ka Ustaad]]''<br />
|<br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Hans Baliye]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | 2010–2013<br />
| ''[[Comedy Circus]]''<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |Winner<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Has Kapil Sharma always been dishonest and unprofessional? Backed out of Sony TV show Comedy Circus in 2013! {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/viral/has-kapil-sharma-always-been-dishonest-and-unprofessional-backed-out-of-sony-tv-show-comedy-circus-in-2013-1946169/ |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=www.india.com |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314120541/https://www.india.com/viral/has-kapil-sharma-always-been-dishonest-and-unprofessional-backed-out-of-sony-tv-show-comedy-circus-in-2013-1946169/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | 2010<br />
| ''[[Comedy Ka Daily Soap]]''<br />
|Performer<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | 2011<br />
| ''Star Ya Rockstar''<br />
|Contestant<br />
|Runner-up<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Star Ya Rockstar">{{cite web |url=https://www.zeetv.com/gossip-trivia/manasi-parekh-crowned-rockstar.html |title=Manasi Parekh crowned 'Rockstar' |publisher=[[Zee TV]] |access-date=26 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041048/http://www.zeetv.com/gossip-trivia/manasi-parekh-crowned-rockstar.html |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | 2013<br />
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 6|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 6)]]''<br />
| Host<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kapil Sharma reveals he was asked to lose weight to host Jhalak Dikhla Jaa |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/kapil-sharma-reveals-he-was-asked-to-lose-weight-to-host-jhalak-dikhla-jaa-1858246-2021-09-28 |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=India Today |date=28 September 2021 |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314120536/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/kapil-sharma-reveals-he-was-asked-to-lose-weight-to-host-jhalak-dikhla-jaa-1858246-2021-09-28 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | 2013–2016<br />
| ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''<br />
| Host/performer<br />
|Also co-producer<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kapil Sharma to leave Comedy Nights with Kapil - IndiaTV News |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/kapil-sharma-to-leave-comedy-nights-with-kapil-breaking-news-22373.html |work=India TV News |date=2 July 2015 |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314120541/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/kapil-sharma-to-leave-comedy-nights-with-kapil-breaking-news-22373.html |url-status=live}}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |2015<br />
| ''[[60th Filmfare Awards]]''<br />
| rowspan="6" |Host<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainmenttags/karan-johar/meet-three-musketeers-be-hosting-60th-filmfare-awards |title=Meet the Three Musketeers to be hosting 60th Filmfare Awards |date=5 January 2015 |publisher=Pinkvilla |access-date=23 March 2022 |archive-date=23 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823011836/http://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainmenttags/karan-johar/meet-three-musketeers-be-hosting-60th-filmfare-awards |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Star Guild Awards]]''<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/even-kapil-sharma-couldnt-save-the-abysmal-star-guild-awards-2568466.html |title=Even Kapil Sharma couldn't save the abysmal Star Guild awards |publisher=First Post |date=2 January 2016 |access-date=26 January 2018 |archive-date=27 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127085300/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/even-kapil-sharma-couldnt-save-the-abysmal-star-guild-awards-2568466.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" scope="row" | 2016<br />
| ''[[Screen Awards|22nd Star Screen Awards]]''<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kapil-sharma-to-host-22nd-star-screen-awards/ |title=Kapil Sharma to host 22nd Star Screen Awards |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |date=30 December 2015 |access-date=26 January 2018 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031009/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kapil-sharma-to-host-22nd-star-screen-awards/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[61st Filmfare Awards]]''<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/61st-Filmfare-Awards-Shah-Rukh-Khan-and-Kapil-Sharma-to-host/articleshow/50572439.cms |title=61st Filmfare Awards: Shah Rukh Khan and Kapil Sharma to host |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=29 November 2017 |archive-date=26 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226174903/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/61st-Filmfare-Awards-Shah-Rukh-Khan-and-Kapil-Sharma-to-host/articleshow/50572439.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |2016–2023<br />
|''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Br5HOe1B1oN/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/Br5HOe1B1oN |archive-date=26 December 2021 |url-access=registration|title=Sony Entertainment Television on Instagram: "The King of Comedy is back with a bang! Catch all the funny antics of KAPIL SHARMA on #TheKapilSharmaShow, starting 29 Dec, every Sat-Sun…"|website=Instagram|language=en|access-date=28 December 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2 " scope="row" |2017<br />
| ''[[62nd Filmfare Awards]]''<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/photos/shah-rukh-khan-steals-the-show-at-the-jio-filmfare-awards-18175.html |title=Shah Rukh Khan steals the show at the Jio Filmfare Awards |publisher=[[Filmfare]] |access-date=29 November 2017 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031737/https://www.filmfare.com/photos/shah-rukh-khan-steals-the-show-at-the-jio-filmfare-awards-18175.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Aadat Se Majboor (TV series)|Aadat Se Majboor]]''<br />
|Himself<br />
|Guest<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/aadat-se-majboor-mithun-chakraborty-kapil-sharma-and-bharti-singh-to-make-an-appearance/articleshow/61020381.cms |title=Aadat Se Majboor: Mithun Chakraborty, Kapil Sharma and Bharti Singh to make an appearance |work=The Times of India |date=10 October 2017 |access-date=10 October 2017 |archive-date=24 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524085011/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/aadat-se-majboor-mithun-chakraborty-kapil-sharma-and-bharti-singh-to-make-an-appearance/articleshow/61020381.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | 2018<br />
| ''[[Family Time With Kapil Sharma]]''<br />
| Host<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Family Time With Kapil Sharma: Kapil clarifies shoot with Tiger Shroff wasn't cancelled |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/family-time-with-kapil-sharma-kapil-clarifies-shoot-with-tiger-shroff-wasn-t-cancelled-read-tweet-1197433-2018-03-25 |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=India Today |date=25 March 2018 |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314120537/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/family-time-with-kapil-sharma-kapil-clarifies-shoot-with-tiger-shroff-wasn-t-cancelled-read-tweet-1197433-2018-03-25 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | 2020–2021<br />
|''The Honey Bunny Show With Kapil Sharma''<br />
| Himself<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Kapil Sharma joins animated series The Honey Bunny Show|work=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kapil-sharma-joins-animated-series-the-honey-bunny-show/|access-date=26 February 2021|language=en|archive-date=9 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409155346/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kapil-sharma-joins-animated-series-the-honey-bunny-show/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope="row" |2022<br />
|''[[Kapil Sharma: I'm Not Done Yet]]'' <br />
|Himself also producer<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web | date=28 January 2022 |title=Five takeaways from Kapil Sharma's stand-up special 'I'm Not Done Yet' |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1016092/five-takeaways-from-kapil-sharmas-stand-up-special-im-not-done-yet |access-date=24 April 2024 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225171835/https://scroll.in/reel/1016092/five-takeaways-from-kapil-sharmas-stand-up-special-im-not-done-yet |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |2024–present<br />
|''[[The Great Indian Kapil Show]]''<br />
|Host <br />
|also producer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Great Indian Kapil Show Teaser: Kapil Sharma And Sunil Grover Reunite For New Comedy Show |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/brb-busy-laughing-at-netflix-s-announcement-of-the-great-indian-kapil-show-5150384 |work=NDTV |date=29 February 2024 |access-date=29 February 2024 |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229143452/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/brb-busy-laughing-at-netflix-s-announcement-of-the-great-indian-kapil-show-5150384 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Music videos ===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Singer(s)<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | 2023<br />
| ''Alone''<br />
| Himself, [[Guru Randhawa]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2023 |title=Alone: Kapil Sharma suffers a heartbreak in first single with Guru Randhawa. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/alone-kapil-sharma-suffers-a-heartbreak-in-first-single-with-guru-randhawa-101675924524980.html |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314051522/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/alone-kapil-sharma-suffers-a-heartbreak-in-first-single-with-guru-randhawa-101675924524980.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+List of awards and nominations<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Award<br />
! scope="col" | Category<br />
! scope="col" | Work<br />
! scope="col" | Result<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | Best Actor – Comedy<br />
| ''[[Kahani Comedy Circus Ki]]''<br />
| rowspan="10" {{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2012 |title=Indian Television Academy Awards 2012 |publisher=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |access-date=22 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021114031/https://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2012 |archive-date=21 October 2013 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4"| 2013<br />
| ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="ita">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site//awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131128183113/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site//awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2013 |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 November 2013 |title=Indian Television Academy Awards 2013 |publisher=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |access-date=22 January 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Funniest Serial – Comedy<br />
| ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[CNN-IBN Indian of the Year]]<br />
| Entertainer of the Year<br />
| Kapil Sharma<br />
|<ref name="EntertainerOfYear">{{cite news|title=Entertainer of the Year |url=https://www.indianoftheyear.com/winners-2013.php |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=23 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108205753/https://www.indianoftheyear.com/winners-2013.php |archive-date= 8 November 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]<br />
| Most Entertaining Comedy Show<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''<br />
|<ref>Narayan, Girija. (19 December 2013) [https://entertainment.oneindia.in/television/news/2013/big-star-entertainment-awards-2013-comedy-nights-with-kapil-diya-aur-127659.html Big Star Entertainment Awards 2013: Comedy Nights With Kapil, Diya Aur.., Maharana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513195225/https://entertainment.oneindia.in/television/news/2013/big-star-entertainment-awards-2013-comedy-nights-with-kapil-diya-aur-127659.html |date=13 May 2021 }}. Entertainment.oneindia.in. Retrieved on 16 September 2015.</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| [[Star Guild Awards]]<br />
| Best Comedy Show<br />
|<ref>Narayan, Girija. (17 January 2014) [https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2014/comedy-nights-with-kapil-wins-best-comedy-show-star-guild-awards-2014-129849.html Comedy Nights With Kapil Bags Best Comedy Show At Star Guild Awards 2014!] . Entertainment.oneindia.in. Retrieved on 16 September 2015.</ref><br />
|- <br />
| 2015<br />
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
| Best Actor (Comedy) <br />
| ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''<br />
|{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2019<br />
|[[Gold Awards]]<br />
|Best Comedy Show<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2019 |title=Gold Awards 2019: Hina Khan, Erica Fernandes win big, see pics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/gold-awards-2019-hina-khan-karan-singh-grover-erica-fernandes-win-big-kapil-sharma-bags-best-comedy-show-see-pics/story-Vja98UTVbyfdEIzwR49eHM.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=31 July 2023 |archive-date=25 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025071243/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/gold-awards-2019-hina-khan-karan-singh-grover-erica-fernandes-win-big-kapil-sharma-bags-best-comedy-show-see-pics/story-Vja98UTVbyfdEIzwR49eHM.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
|Best Comedy Show<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Indian Television Academy Awards 2019 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/tv-awards/indian-television-academy-awards/2019/113 |work=The Times of India |access-date=31 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=20 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220132333/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/tv-awards/indian-television-academy-awards/2019/113 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[NDTV Indian of the Year]]<br />
|Global Entertainer of the Year<br />
|Kapil Sharma<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Hardika |date=9 December 2024 |title=NDTV Indian Of The Year: Kapil Sharma On Winning Entertainer Of The Year – "This Recognition Means A Lot" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ndtv-indian-of-the-year-kapil-sharma-on-winning-entertainer-of-the-year-this-recognition-means-a-lot-7192788 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250113113210/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ndtv-indian-of-the-year-kapil-sharma-on-winning-entertainer-of-the-year-this-recognition-means-a-lot-7192788 |archive-date=13 January 2025 |work=NDTV |access-date=10 January 2026 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[History of stand-up comedy]] <br />
* [[Comedy]] <br />
* [[Humour]]<br />
* [[Humor styles]]<br />
* [[Humorist]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<!-- According to Bharatpedia, social networking links like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube etc. are not allowed.---><br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{IMDb name}}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Comic Actor}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|comedy}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Kapil}}<br />
[[Category:Kapil Sharma| ]]<br />
[[Category:1981 births]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male artists]]<br />
[[Category:Artists from Amritsar]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]<br />
[[Category:Indian stand-up comedians]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanjay_Kapoor&diff=467213Sanjay Kapoor2026-03-13T17:49:40Z<p>KandacePolding: add formatting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1965)}}<br />
{{About||the politician|Sanjay Kapoor (politician)|the fictional ''EastEnders'' character|Sanjay Kapoor (EastEnders)}}<br />
{{pp-pc1}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sanjay Kapoor<br />
| image = Sanjay Kapoor grace Kallista Spa opening 11.jpg<br />
| caption = Kapoor in 2011<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|10|17|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|film producer}}<br />
| children = 2<br />
| relatives = See [[List of Hindi film families#Kapoor family (of Surinder Kapoor)|Surinder Kapoor family]]<br />
| father = [[Surinder Kapoor]]<br />
| yearsactive = 1995–present<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Maheep Kapoor|1997}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sanjay Surinder Kapoor''' (born 17 October 1965<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/heres-how-sanjay-kapoor-celebrated-his-52nd-birthday/18663183|title=Here's how Sanjay Kapoor celebrated his 52nd birthday|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=18 October 2017|access-date=9 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142139/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/heres-how-sanjay-kapoor-celebrated-his-52nd-birthday/18663183}}</ref>) is an Indian actor and producer who works primarily in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] film and television.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-have-not-become-a-producer-to-promote-my-career-as-an-actor-sanjay-kapoor-1969129|title=I have not become a producer to promote my career as an actor: Sanjay Kapoor|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=14 March 2014|access-date=9 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612170131/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-have-not-become-a-producer-to-promote-my-career-as-an-actor-sanjay-kapoor-1969129|url-status=live}}</ref> Born to producer [[Surinder Kapoor]], Kapoor made his acting debut with ''[[Prem (film)|Prem]]'' (1995) and had his breakthrough with ''[[Raja (1995 film)|Raja]]'', in the same year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sanjay-Kapoor-I-have-got-everything-in-my-life-late/articleshow/45649880.cms|title=Sanjay Kapoor: I have got everything in my life late|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 December 2014|access-date=2 August 2017|archive-date=10 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610055234/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sanjay-Kapoor-I-have-got-everything-in-my-life-late/articleshow/45649880.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Kapoor went onto appear in several films as a lead, most successful of which was ''[[Sirf Tum]]'' (1999). Following unsuccessful films and a hiatus, Kapoor earned praises for his portrayal in the television series ''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]'' (2017–2018) and the web series, ''[[The Gone Game]]'' (2020–2022) and ''[[The Fame Game (TV series)|The Fame Game]]'' (2022).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/sanjay-kapoor-reaction-dil-sambhal-jaa-zara-heartwarming/|title=Sanjay Kapoor: "The reaction to 'Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara' has been heartwarming"|work=Biz Asia|date=12 November 2017|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-date=4 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104073135/https://www.bizasialive.com/sanjay-kapoor-reaction-dil-sambhal-jaa-zara-heartwarming/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kapoor's other notable films include ''[[Shakti: The Power]]'' (2002), ''[[Luck by Chance]]'' (2009), ''[[Seetharama Kalyana]]'' (2019), ''[[Mission Mangal]]'' (2019), ''[[Merry Christmas (2024 film)|Merry Christmas]]'' (2024) and ''[[Murder Mubarak]]'' (2024).<ref>{{cite news |title=Sanjay Kapoor: I find this phase of my career interesting |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sanjay-kapoor-i-find-this-phase-of-my-career-interesting/22636247 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=23 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kapoor is the founder and director of Sanjay Kapoor Entertainment Private Limited. He is married to entrepreneur Maheep Kapoor, with whom he has two children.<br />
<br />
== Early life and background ==<br />
Kapoor was born on 17 October 1965 in [[Mumbai]], to Nirmal Kapoor and film producer [[Surinder Kapoor]], into a [[Punjabi Hindus|Punjabi Hindu]] family which embraces [[Arya Samaj]] teachings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vasisht |first=Divya |date=13 April 2003 |title=Boney Kapoor: A retake of life |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/boney-kapoor-a-retake-of-life/articleshow/43204832.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210093509/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/boney-kapoor-a-retake-of-life/articleshow/43204832.cms |archive-date=10 December 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]] |quote=I am a God-fearing person, but not a ritualistic one. My grandparents were followers of Arya Samaj values and pujas were never a regular feature at home.}}</ref> He is the youngest of four children. His elder brothers are [[Boney Kapoor]], a film producer and [[Anil Kapoor]], an actor. Actress [[Sridevi]] and the producer [[Mona Shourie Kapoor]], both Boney's wives, were his sisters-in-law, and Sandeep Marwah,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sandeepmarwah.com/|title=Sandeep Marwah {{!}} Renowned International Media Personality|language=en-US|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226191348/http://sandeepmarwah.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> founder of the [[Noida Film City]] and owner of Marwah Studios, is his brother-in-law, married to his sister Reena Marwah.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/141117/alls-not-well-with-the-kapoors.html|title=Equation between Kapoor brothers Anil, Boney and Sanjay going from bad to worse?|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=14 November 2017|access-date=9 June 2018|archive-date=11 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611191807/https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/141117/alls-not-well-with-the-kapoors.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Actors [[Sonam Kapoor]], [[Arjun Kapoor]], [[Janhvi Kapoor]], [[Khushi Kapoor]], Mohit Marwah and [[Harshvardhan Kapoor]], and film producer [[Rhea Kapoor]] are his nephews and nieces.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/5801.html |title=In pics: The Boney-Anil-Sanjay Kapoor Family Tree |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=7 February 2012 |access-date=15 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217140600/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/5801.html |archive-date=17 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], patriarch of the [[Kapoor family]], was his father's cousin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Did you know Kareena Kapoor and Sonam Kapoor are related? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/did-you-know-kareena-kapoor-and-sonam-kapoor-are-related-101616659696678.html |access-date=26 November 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=25 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
=== Film ===<br />
Kapoor made his debut in [[Bollywood|Hindi cinema]] in 1995 with the movie ''[[Prem (film)|Prem]]'', opposite newcomer [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]. Although both debutants rendered fairly decent performances, the movie was delayed for many years as it was in production since 1989. Sanjay was 30 when it finally released, the press then dismissively calling him Hindi industry's "oldest newcomer."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maheshwri |first=Neha |date=15 September 2023 |title=Sanjay Kapoor: It's not easy for a 90s actor to make a breakthrough in OTT |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sanjay-kapoor-its-not-easy-for-a-90s-actor-to-make-a-breakthrough-in-ott/articleshow/103673058.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It bombed at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sanjay Kapoor: I wish Boney would interfere in my career|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/april25/david.htm|work=[[Screen India]]|access-date=15 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019200751/http://www.screenindia.com/old/april25/david.htm|archive-date=19 October 2009}}</ref> Kapoor's next movie was ''[[Raja (1995 film)|Raja]]'' (1995) opposite [[Madhuri Dixit]] which was a box office success. He went on to star in several films as a lead actor such as ''[[Auzaar]]'' (1997), ''[[Mohabbat (1997 film)|Mohabbat]]'' (1997) and ''[[Sirf Tum]]'' (1999). Apart from the moderately successful ''[[Chhupa Rustam: A Musical Thriller]]'' (2001) he didn't have much success as a lead actor as most of his films failed at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmydrama.co/2017/03/despite-big-hit-madhuri-actor-sanjay-kapoor-didnt-make-big-bollywood|title=Despite of doing big hit with Madhuri, actor Sanjay Kapoor didn't make it big in bollywood!|work=Filmy Drama|date=25 March 2017|access-date=2 August 2017|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803011136/https://www.filmydrama.co/2017/03/despite-big-hit-madhuri-actor-sanjay-kapoor-didnt-make-big-bollywood/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/chhupa-rustam-9036/box-office|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116005114/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/chhupa-rustam-9036/box-office|url-status=live|archive-date=16 January 2021|title=Do you know how Chhupa Rustam did at the Box Office? }}</ref> In 2002, he appeared as a villain playing the psychotic husband of <!-- "the main character"? -->[[Esha Deol]] in ''[[Koi Mere Dil Se Poochhe]]''. His performance was praised by critics.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/2002/01/pooche.shtml | title=BBC – Shropshire – Movies – Koi Mere Dil Se Pooche | access-date=2 August 2017 | archive-date=26 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026021159/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/2002/01/pooche.shtml | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
He started playing supporting roles in films like ''[[Qayamat: City Under Threat]]'' (2003), ''[[Julie (2004 film)|Julie]]'' (2004), ''[[Luck By Chance]]'' (2009) and ''[[Shaandaar (2015 film)|Shaandaar]]'' (2015).<br />
<br />
He turned to producing with his first production ''[[Tevar]]'' starring his nephew [[Arjun Kapoor]] releasing in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/i-am-still-open-to-acting-6780.html|title=I am still open to acting|work=Film Fare|date=21 July 2014|access-date=2 August 2017|archive-date=2 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802214415/http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/i-am-still-open-to-acting-6780.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He played a cameo appearing alongside his brother Anil for the first time in ''[[Mubarakan]]'' (2017).<br />
<br />
In early 2018, Sanjay was cast in the anthology film ''[[Lust Stories]]'' as a lead character opposite actress [[Manisha Koirala]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sanjay-kapoor-joins-dibakar-s-bombay-talkies-2-117111001270_1.html|title=Sanjay Kapoor joins Dibakar's "Bombay Talkies 2"|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=10 November 2017|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=11 April 2018|archive-date=12 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412083739/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sanjay-kapoor-joins-dibakar-s-bombay-talkies-2-117111001270_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/interview-it-s-important-to-be-a-part-of-the-right-film-sanjay-kapoor-on-lust-stories-and-more-2623063|title='It's important to be a part of the right film': Sanjay Kapoor on Lust Stories and more|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=8 June 2018|access-date=8 June 2018|archive-date=10 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610062237/http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/interview-it-s-important-to-be-a-part-of-the-right-film-sanjay-kapoor-on-lust-stories-and-more-2623063|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same year, he was cast in the movie ''[[The Zoya Factor]]'' as his real life niece [[Sonam Kapoor]]'s on screen father,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/chachu-sanjay-kapoor-to-play-sonam-kapoors-father-in-the-zoya-factor/articleshow/65502097.cms|title=Chachu Sanjay Kapoor to play Sonam Kapoor's father in "The Zoya Factor"|work=[[Times of India]]|date=27 August 2018|access-date=28 September 2018|archive-date=31 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031224715/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/chachu-sanjay-kapoor-to-play-sonam-kapoors-father-in-the-zoya-factor/articleshow/65502097.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and in 2019 in the [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] film ''[[Seetharama Kalyana]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sanjay-kapoor-to-make-his-kannada-film-debut-with-director-harshas-seetharama-kalyana-5274531.html|title=Sanjay Kapoor to make his Kannada film debut with director Harsha's Seetharama Kalyana|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=27 September 2018|access-date=28 September 2018|archive-date=28 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928165751/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sanjay-kapoor-to-make-his-kannada-film-debut-with-director-harshas-seetharama-kalyana-5274531.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, he appeared in a short film ''Sleeping Partner'' opposite actress [[Divya Dutta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sanjay-kapoor-divya-dutta-discuss-marital-rape-in-sleeping-partner/22522181|title=Sanjay Kapoor, Divya Dutta discuss marital rape in Sleeping Partner|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=1 February 2020|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=23 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223055521/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sanjay-kapoor-divya-dutta-discuss-marital-rape-in-sleeping-partner/22522181|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Television and web career (2003–present) ===<br />
He made his debut on television in 2003 appearing in the television serial ''[[Karishma – The Miracles of Destiny]]'' opposite [[Karisma Kapoor]].<br />
<br />
In 2017, he was cast in [[Vikram Bhatt]]'s television serial ''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]'' opposite [[Smriti Kalra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sanjay-kapoor-returns-to-small-screen-after-13-years-with-vikram-bhatts-ishq-gunaah-4009925.html|title=Sanjay Kapoor returns to small screen after 13 years with Vikram Bhatt's Ishq Gunaah|work=[[Firstpost]]|publisher=[[Reliance Industries]]|date=5 September 2017|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907172334/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sanjay-kapoor-returns-to-small-screen-after-13-years-with-vikram-bhatts-ishq-gunaah-4009925.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The show is about a man marrying a girl much younger than him and how they try to make their marriage work.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vikram-bhatts-tv-show-sanjay-kapoor/|title=This is what Vikram Bhatt's TV show with Sanjay Kapoor is all about|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|publisher=[[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment]]|date=5 September 2017|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907170525/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vikram-bhatts-tv-show-sanjay-kapoor/|url-status=live}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In 2018, he landed a role in [[ALTBalaji]]'s web series ''Soggy Hoga Tera Baap'' as Chiraag Arora.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.easterneye.biz/sanjay-kapoor-signs-new-digital-series-soggy-hoga-tera-baap/|title=Sanjay Kapoor signs new digital series Soggy Hoga Tera Baap|work=[[Eastern Eye]]|date=30 October 2018|access-date=20 February 2019|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011201609/https://www.easterneye.biz/sanjay-kapoor-signs-new-digital-series-soggy-hoga-tera-baap/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, it was announced that Sanjay eventually opted out of [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s project, choosing instead [[Amazon Prime]] series [[The Last Hour (TV series)|''The Last Hour'']], which released in 2021, playing the role of DCP Arup Singh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2019 |title=Why Sanjay Kapoor opted out of Ekta Kapoor's Soggy Hoga Tera Baap |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/sanjay-kapoor-opts-out-of-ekta-kapoors-soggy-hoga-tera-baap-heres-why-422085 |website=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In 2020, he appeared in ''[[The Gone Game]]'', a psychological thriller miniseries on [[Voot]], as Rajeev Gujral. In 2022, he appeared in the [[Netflix]] web show [[The Fame Game (TV series)|''The Fame Game'']] as Nikhil More, opposite [[Madhuri Dixit]].<br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
[[File:Sanjay kapoor and wife.jpg|thumbnail|Kapoor with his wife Sandhu]]<br />
<br />
Kapoor married his longtime girlfriend and entrepreneur Maheep Sandhu in December 1997.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maheep Kapoor reveals she met Sanjay Kapoor 'drunk' for a one-night stand: 'I never knew we'd get married |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/maheep-kapoor-reveals-she-met-sanjay-kapoor-drunk-for-a-one-night-stand-i-never-knew-wed-get-married-101731667471531.html |access-date=28 November 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The couple has two children, daughter Shanaya (born 1999) and son Jahaan (born 2005).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shanaya-kapoor-heres-the-future-star-kid-to-watch-out-for-1456513.html|title=Shanaya Kapoor: Here's The Future Star Kid to Watch Out For|work=[[News 18]]|date=28 July 2017|access-date=9 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143441/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shanaya-kapoor-heres-the-future-star-kid-to-watch-out-for-1456513.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Shanaya is also an actor, who made her debut with ''[[Aankhon Ki Gustaakhiyan]]'' (2025).<ref>{{cite news |title=Aankhon Ki Gustaakhiyan movie review: Vikrant Massey and Shanaya Kapoor try to charm, but the writing falls flat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/aankhon-ki-gustaakhiyan-review-vikrant-massey-shanaya-kapoor-tries-to-charm-10120185/ |access-date=11 July 2025 |work=The Indian Express |date=11 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
=== Films ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year <br />
! Title <br />
! Role <br />
! class="unsortable"| Notes<br />
! class="unsortable"| Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|1995 || ''[[Prem (film)|Prem]]'' || Shantanu / Sanjay "Sanju" Verma ||<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web | title = Raja – Movie – Box Office India | publisher = Box Office India | access-date = 2016-05-11 | url = http://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3033 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Raja (1995 film)|Raja]]'' || Raja Patangwala ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kartavya (1995 film)|Kartavya]]'' || Karan Singh ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|1996 || ''[[Beqabu]]'' || Raja Verma||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"|1997 || ''[[Mohabbat (1997 film)|Mohabbat]]'' || Gaurav M. Kapoor ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Auzaar]]'' || Yash Thakur ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Zameer: The Awakening of a Soul]]'' || Kishan ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mere Sapno Ki Rani (film)|Mere Sapno Ki Rani]]'' || Vijay Kumar ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|1999 || ''[[Sirf Tum]]''|| Deepak ||<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.easterneye.biz/5-best-movies-of-sanjay-kapoor/|title = 5 best movies of Sanjay Kapoor|date = 30 October 2018|access-date = 17 March 2020|archive-date = 26 November 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221126054214/https://www.easterneye.biz/5-best-movies-of-sanjay-kapoor/|url-status = live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2001|| ''[[Chhupa Rustam (2001 film)|Chhupa Rustam]]'' || Raja / Nirmal Kumar Chinoy || <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3"| 2002|| ''[[Koi Mere Dil Se Poochhe]]'' || Dushyant Singh ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Soch]]'' || Raj Matthews ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Shakti: The Power]]'' || Shekhar <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Elley |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Elley |date=2 October 2002 |title=Shakti: The Power |url=https://variety.com/2002/film/reviews/shakti-the-power-1200545695/ |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |location=Los Angeles |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]] |access-date=8 January 2025}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"| 2003|| ''[[Qayamat: City Under Threat]]'' || Abbas Ramani ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Darna Mana Hai]]'' || Sanjay ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' <br />
| Abhay Malhotra <br />
| Cameo appearance <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[LOC: Kargil]]'' || Maj. Deepak Rampal ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 2004|| ''[[Jaago (2004 film)|Jaago]]'' || Shrikant ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Julie (2004 film)|Julie]]'' || Rohan ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2005|| ''[[Anjaane]]'' || Aditya Malhotra ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2006|| ''Unns: Love...Forever'' || Rahul Malhotra <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |author-link=Taran Adarsh |date=17 November 2006 |title=Unns Movie Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/unns/critic-review/unns-movie-review/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=8 January 2025}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 2007|| ''Dosh'' || ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Om Shanti Om]]'' || Himself ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 2009|| ''[[Luck By Chance]]'' || Ranjit Rolly ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Kirkit'' || I.M. Romeo ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2010|| ''[[Prince (2010 film)|Prince]]'' || Ali Khan ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2014|| ''[[Kahin Hai Mera Pyar]]'' || Rahul Kapoor ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" | 2015|| ''[[Shaandaar (2015 film)|Shaandaar]]'' || Harry Fundwani ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Mumbhaii – The Gangster'' || ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 ||''[[Mubarakan]]''|| Avtar Singh Bajwa || Cameo appearance <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || ''[[Lust Stories]]'' || Salman Ahmad || Dibakar Banerjee's segment<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2019 <br />
| ''[[Seetharama Kalyana]]'' <br />
| Dr. Shankar <br />
| [[Kannada]] film<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kannada-debut-for-sanjay/articleshow/65972112.cms |title=Sanjay Kapoor makes Kannada debut |work=[[The Mumbai Mirror]] |accessdate=27 September 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mission Mangal]]'' <br />
| Sunil Shinde <br />
| <br />
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/movies-to-look-forward-to/mission-mangal-akshay-kumar-reveals-the-star-cast-of-his-film/photostory/66513144.cms|title='Mission Mangal': Akshay Kumar reveals the star cast of his film'|date=5 November 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Zoya Factor (film)|The Zoya Factor]]'' <br />
| Vijayendra Singh Solanki <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2020 <br />
| ''[[Sleeping Partner (film)|Sleeping Partner]]'' <br />
| Sahay<br />
| Short film<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=KBR |first1=Upala |title=Sanjay Kapoor, Divya Dutta discuss marital rape in Sleeping Partner |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sanjay-kapoor-divya-dutta-discuss-marital-rape-in-sleeping-partner/22522181 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=1 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2023 <br />
| ''[[Bloody Daddy]]'' <br />
| Hameed Shaikh <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Bloody Daddy movie review: This Shahid Kapoor-starrer serves everything half-baked |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bloody-daddy-movie-review-this-shahid-kapoor-starrer-serves-everything-halfbaked-101686274482734.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |date=9 June 2023}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3"| 2024 <br />
| ''[[Merry Christmas (2024 film)|Merry Christmas]]'' <br />
| Ronnie Fernandes <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2022 |title=Sanjay Kapoor roped in for Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi starrer 'Merry Christmas' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sanjay-kapoor-roped-in-for-katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-merry-christmas/articleshow/89949429.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185927/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sanjay-kapoor-roped-in-for-katrina-kaif-and-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-merry-christmas/articleshow/89949429.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[House of Lies (2024 film)|House of Lies]]'' <br />
| Rajveer Singh Chaudhary<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-31 |title='House Of Lies' On Zee5 Movie Review |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/movie-review/house-of-lies-on-zee5-movie-review-sanjay-kapoors-murder-mystery-treads-familiar-grounds-and-gets-marred-by-poor-execution |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Murder Mubarak]]'' <br />
| Rannvijay Singh <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Murder Mubarak: Vijay Varma, Sara Ali Khan & Karishma Kapoor starrer 'Murder Mubarak' directly to release on Netflix skipping theatrical release |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/entertainment/sara-ali-khan-karishma-kapoor-starrer-murder-mubarak-directly-to-release-on-netflix-skipping-theatrical-release |website=BruTimes |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Rowspan ="3"|2025<br />
| ''[[Sikandar (2025 film)|Sikandar]]'' <br />
| Nisha's father <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-30 |title=Sikandar review: An ode to Salman Khan's stardom that's devoid of fun |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/sikandar-review-ode-to-salman-khan-stardom-rashmika-mandanna-2701267-2025-03-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401000721/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/sikandar-review-ode-to-salman-khan-stardom-rashmika-mandanna-2701267-2025-03-30 |archive-date=2025-04-01 |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Param Sundari (film)|Param Sundari]]<br />
|Parmeet Sachdev<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/param-sundari-trailer-out-janhvi-kapoor-sidharth-malhotra-chemistry-is-cute-and-fresh-19652666.htm|title=Param Sundari trailer out: Janhvi Kapoor, Sidharth Malhotra’s chemistry is ‘cute and fresh’ - CNBC TV18|date=12 August 2025|website=CNBCTV18}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders]]''<br />
|Rajesh Bansal<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year <br />
! Title <br />
! Role <br />
! class="unsortable"| Notes<br />
! class="unsortable"| Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2003–2004<br />
| ''[[Karishma – The Miracles of Destiny]]''<br />
| Amar<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2017–2018<br />
| ''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]''<br />
| Anant Mathur<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=24 October 2017|title=India is progressing and we need to show it on TV: Sanjay|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/india-is-progressing-and-we-need-to-show-it-on-tv-sanjay-117102400740_1.html|access-date=|website=[[Business Standard]]|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2020–2022<br />
| ''[[The Gone Game]]''<br />
| Rajeev Gujral<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-gone-game-season-2-trailer-sanjay-kapoor-and-shweta-tripathis-thriller-series-promises-to-be-an-intriguing-watch-10849781|title=The Gone Game Season 2 trailer: Sanjay Kapoor and Shweta Tripathi's thriller series promises to be an intriguing watch|publisher=[[Firstpost]]|date=29 June 2022|access-date=8 July 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707210528/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-gone-game-season-2-trailer-sanjay-kapoor-and-shweta-tripathis-thriller-series-promises-to-be-an-intriguing-watch-10849781|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2020–present<br />
| ''[[Fabulous Lives of Bollywood Wives]]''<br />
| Himself <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| ''[[The Last Hour (TV series)|The Last Hour]]''<br />
| [[Deputy commissioner|DCP]] Arup Singh<br />
| <br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Arushi|date=2021-05-08|title=The Last Hour trailer: Amazon Prime Video series is all about murder, mystery, spirits and love|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-last-hour-trailer-of-murder-mystery-spirits-and-love-amazon-prime-7305645/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
| ''[[The Fame Game (TV series)|The Fame Game]]''<br />
| Nikhil More<br />
| <br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/the-fame-game-netflix-review-madhur-dixit-sanjay-kapoor-ensemble-deliver-pitch-perfect-family-drama-630|title=The Fame Game Review: Madhuri Dixit, Sanjay Kapoor and ensemble deliver pitch-perfect family drama|date=27 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022|archive-date=27 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227143342/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/the-fame-game-netflix-review-madhur-dixit-sanjay-kapoor-ensemble-deliver-pitch-perfect-family-drama-630|url-status=live}}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
| 2023<br />
| ''[[Made in Heaven (TV series)|Made in Heaven]]''<br />
| Ashok Malhotra<br />
| Episode: "And They Lived Happily Ever After"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2026<br />
|''[[Sankalp (TV series)|Sankalp]]''<br />
|Prashant Singh<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Producer ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year <br />
! Title <br />
! class="unsortable"| Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 <br />
| ''[[Tevar (film)|Tevar]]''<br />
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Arjun Kapoors Tevar to be produced by Sanjay Kapoor|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/2352979|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222202926/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/2352979|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2014|accessdate=30 January 2014|newspaper=bollywoodhungama.com|date=17 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Work <br />
! Result<br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| [[Screen Awards]]<br />
| Best Ensemble Cast<br />
| ''[[Luck by Chance]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-of-nokia-16th-annual-star-screen-awards-2009/ |title=Winners of Nokia 16th Annual Star Screen Awards 2009 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=9 January 2010|access-date=16 February 2020}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{IMDb name}}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapoor, Sanjay}}<br />
[[Category:1965 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Kapoor family]]<br />
[[Category:Punjabi Hindus]]<br />
[[Category:Arya Samajis]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhindawas_Wildlife_Sanctuary&diff=452074Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary2026-03-11T07:10:38Z<p>KandacePolding: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Protected area in Haryana, India}}<br />
{{more footnotes needed|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox protected area<br />
| name = Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary<br />
| iucn_category = IV<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| map = India Haryana#India<br />
| map_caption = <br />
| relief = 1<br />
| mapframe = Yes<br />
| image_flag = <br />
| location = Jind district, Haryana, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|28.532580|76.551511|display=inline,title}}<br />
| area = 4.12<br />
| established = 1986<br />
| governing_body = [[Forests Department, Haryana]]<br />
| area_code = <br />
| website = {{URL|www.haryanaforest.gov.in}}<br />
| module = {{Designation list<br />
| embed = yes<br />
| designation1 = Ramsar<br />
| designation1_date = 25 May 2021<br />
| designation1_number = 2459<ref name="RSIS">{{Cite web|title=Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2459|access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary''' [[Ramsar Site|Ramsar site]] is located in [[Jhajjar district]], which is about 15&nbsp;km from [[Jhajjar]] in [[Haryana]]. On 3 June 2009, it is also declared as bird sanctuary by the [[Government of India|Indian Government]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wildlife-tours.tourtravelworld.com/wildlife-adventure/bird-watching/bhindawas-bird-sanctuary.htm |title=Bhindawas Bird Sanctuary, Jhaijar Wild Birds Watching Tour, Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, India |access-date=6 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092041/http://wildlife-tours.tourtravelworld.com/wildlife-adventure/bird-watching/bhindawas-bird-sanctuary.htm |archive-date=7 April 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <br />
[[File:Small black bird.jpg|thumb|Indian Robin]]<br />
[[File:Saxicoloides fulicatus Bhindawas.jpg|thumb|''[[Saxicoloides fulicatus]]'' at Bhindawas]]<br />
<br />
This is an important part of ecological corridor along the route of the [[Sahibi River]] which traverses from [[Aravalli hills]] in Rajasthan to [[Yamuna]] via [[Masani barrage]], [[Matanhail#Forest|Matanhail forest]], [[Chhuchhakwas|Chhuchhakwas-Godhari]], [[Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary]], Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, Outfall Drain Number 6 (canalised portion in Haryana of Sahibi river), Outfall Drain Number 8 (canalised portion in Haryana of [[Dohan river]] which is a [[tributary]] of Sahibi river), [[Sarbashirpur]], [[Sultanpur National Park]], [[Basai Wetland]] and The Lost Lake of Gurugram. It lies 5&nbsp;km northwest of Bhindawas Bird Sanctuary and 46&nbsp;km northwest of [[Sultanpur National Park]] via road.<br />
<br />
==Location==<br />
This 411.55 hectares sanctuary is located 15&nbsp;km from [[Jhajjar]] on the Jhajjar-Kasani road and 105&nbsp;km from [[Delhi]]. Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary is only 1.5&nbsp;km from [[Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary]] and it is located here [http://wikimapia.org/4409240/Bhindawas-Wildlife-Sanctuary-Lake map]. [[Niwada (Jhajjar)|Niwada]], [[Bhindawas]], Chandol, Chadhwana, Bilochpura, Reduwas and Kasni are the adjacent village.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[Forests Department, Haryana]] of [[Government of Haryana]] officially notified this 411.55 hectares area as Wildlife Sanctuary on 5 July 1985.<br />
<br />
==Bhindawas lake==<br />
Rain water, [[Western Yamuna Canal#Jawahar Lal Nehru Canal|JLN Feeder canal]] and its escape channel are main source of water in the bird sanctuary.<br />
<br />
==Nearby Attraction==<br />
* [[Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary]] - 1.5&nbsp;km from ''Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana, India]]<br />
* [[Haryana Tourism]]<br />
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana]]<br />
* [[List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana]]<br />
* [[List of Indus Valley Civilization sites]] in [[Haryana]], [[Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]], India & Pakistan<br />
*[[Sultanpur National Park]]<br />
*[[Okhla Sanctuary]], bordering Delhi in adjoining [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
*Nearby [[Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary]], Delhi<br />
*Nearby [[Najafgarh lake]] or Najafgarh jheel (Now completely drained by Najafgarh drain)<br />
*[[National Zoological Park Delhi]]<br />
*[[Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary]], Delhi<br />
*[[Bhalswa horseshoe lake]], Delhi<br />
*[[Black francolin]], Haryana State Bird (राज्य पक्षी हरियाणा-काला तीतर)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Protected areas of Haryana}}<br />
{{Districts of Haryana}}<br />
{{Protected Areas of India}}<br />
{{National Parks of India}}<br />
{{Ramsar sites in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Jhajjar district]]<br />
[[Category:Lakes of Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Protected areas of Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:National parks in Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Wetlands of India]]<br />
[[Category:Bird sanctuaries of India]]<br />
[[Category:2009 establishments in Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Protected areas established in 2009]]<br />
[[Category:Ramsar sites in India]]<br />
[[Category:Forests in Haryana]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Scindia&diff=465168House of Scindia2026-03-08T00:48:23Z<p>KandacePolding: update content additionally after review</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Maratha dynasty that ruled the Gwalior State in India}}<br />
{{About||the Maratha clan|Shinde|the neighbourhood|Scindia, Visakhapatnam}}<br />
{{infobox royal house<br />
| surname = House of Scindia<br />
| coat of arms = Gwalior Coat of arms.png<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = 150<br />
| image_caption = Flag (1731–1948)<br />
| country = [[Gwalior State]]<br />
| founding year = 1731<br />
| founder = [[Ranoji Scindia]]<br />
| current head = [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]]<br />
| final ruler = [[Jiwajirao Scindia]] (Gwalior) <br/> later the [[Rajpramukh]])<br />
| estate = [[Gwalior Fort]] <br/> [[Shinde Chhatri]]<br />
<br/>[[Jai Vilas Palace]], Gwalior Samudra Mahal, Mumbai<br />
| titles = *[[Raja of Gwalior]]<br />
*[[Maharaja of Gwalior]]<br />
*[[Vakil of the Mughal Empire|Vakil]] of the [[Mughal Empire]]<br />
*[[Rajpramukh]] of Madhya Bharat<br />
| deposition = 1948 (Gwalior State) <br/> 1971 ([[Rajpramukh]] under the Indian Union)|<br />
}}{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br />
'''House of Scindia''' or earlier known as the Sendrak was a [[Maratha]] royal house. They claim descent from the mythical [[Nāga|Nagas]] beings, often associated with serpent worship, that ruled the erstwhile [[Gwalior State]] in central India. [[Ranoji Scindia]] rose as a prominent military commander under [[Peshwa]] [[Bajirao I]].<ref name="Embree1988"/><ref name="Ayyar1999"/><ref name="Chandra2003"/><ref name="seminar417424"/> Ranoji and his descendants, along with [[House of Holkar|Holkar]]s, played a leading role during the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha ascendancy]] in northern India in the 18th century. The Gwalior State became a [[princely state]] during the [[British Raj]] in the 19th and the 20th centuries. After [[India's independence]] in 1947 and the abolition of princely states, several members of the Scindia Dynasty went on to enter Indian politics.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}<br />
<br />
==Foundation==<br />
[[File:Sardar Ranoji Scindia.jpg|thumb|Sardar Ranoji Scindia (First Maharaja of the Scindia Dynasty)|left]]<br />
The Scindia dynasty was founded by [[Ranoji Scindia]], a personal servant and soldier of Peshwa [[Bajirao I]].<ref name="Embree1988">{{cite book|author=Ainslie Thomas Embree|title=Encyclopedia of Asian history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtwpAQAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Scribner|isbn=978-0-684-18899-7|page=14|quote=Ranoji Scindia (d. 1750), the founder of Gwalior state, started his political career reputedly as a slipper-bearer at the court of the peshwa, or prime minister, of the Marathas, but soon rose to high office.|access-date=25 August 2020|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414084516/https://books.google.com/books?id=LtwpAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ayyar1999">{{cite book|author=K. V. Krishna Ayyar|title=The Zamorins of Calicut: From the Earliest Times Down to A.D. 1806|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUtuAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Publication Division, University of Calicut|isbn=978-81-7748-000-9|quote=The carrying of the Pallimaradi before the Zamorin on public occasions might have been due to the same reason as the carrying of a pair of golden slippers before Scindia, whose ancestor was the slipper - bearer of Peshwa Baji Rao - to show his respect for his original humble office which was the cause of his subsequent success|access-date=25 August 2020|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414084517/https://books.google.com/books?id=oUtuAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Chandra2003">{{cite book|author=Satish Chandra|title=Essays on Medieval Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1BRuAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566336-5|page=93|quote=The Sindhias, it is well-known, were drawn from a Kunbi family which had the hereditary patel-ship of Kumberkerrab in the district of Wai. The origins of the Holkar were even more humble: they belonged to the caste of goat-herds (dungar), the family holding zamindari rights in the village of Hal.|access-date=9 October 2020|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414084506/https://books.google.com/books?id=1BRuAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="seminar417424">{{cite journal|title=Seminar – Issues 417–424|page= 59 |author=Romila Thapar|year=1994|quote=Many peasant caste men who distinguished themselves in battle or otherwise served the ruler became Marathas. Witness the first Holkar who was a shepherd and the first Scindia who was a Kunbi personal servant of the Peshwa}}</ref> Ranoji prospered early under Bajirao because of the favorable circumstances created by the appointment of Bajirao as the Peshwa at the age of twenty. This had evoked jealousy from senior officials like Anant Ram Sumant, [[Shripatrao Pratinidhi|Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi]], [[Khanderao Dabhade]] and Kanhoji Bhosle. This led Bajirao to promote as commanders of his troops talented young men who were barely out of their teens such as [[Malhar Rao Holkar]], the Pawar (Puar) brothers, Pilaji Jadhav, Fateh Singh Bhosale and Ranoji. None of these men belonged to families that held hereditary [[Deshmukh]]i rights under earlier rulers such as the Deccan Sultanates.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Stewart |author-link=Stewart N. Gordon |title=The Marathas 1600–1818 |year=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge [u.a.] |isbn=978-0521033169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C |pages=117–121 |access-date=15 May 2020 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704172644/https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sardesai |first=Govind Sakharam |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142/ |title=New History of the Marathas: The expansion of the Maratha power, 1707–1772 |date=1946 |publisher=Phoenix Publications |pages=65, 69}}</ref> The Shindes or Scindias had served as [[shiledar]]s (cavalrymen) under the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] and played an important role in the state of affairs and held [[Patil (title)|Patilki]] of Kumberkerrab.<ref name="Eaton2005">{{cite book|author=Richard M. Eaton|title=A social history of the Deccan, 1300–1761: eight Indian lives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC&pg=PA188|access-date=16 July 2011|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-25484-7|pages=188–|archive-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704172644/https://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC&pg=PA188|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Chandra2003"/><br />
<br />
There are otherwise several anecdotes about the origin of the Scindhias (Shindes), especially those recorded by [[Sir John Malcolm]].<ref name=Ramusack2004>{{cite book |title=The Indian Princes and their States |series=The New Cambridge History of India |first=Barbara N. |last=Ramusack |author-link=Barbara Ramusack |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-1139449083 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz1-mtazYqEC&pg=PA35 |pages=35, 36 |access-date=11 April 2016 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704172710/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz1-mtazYqEC&pg=PA35 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stewart N. Gordon|Stewart Gordon]] states the cultivator, etc. origin of other [[Maratha]]s.<ref name="Gordon1993">{{cite book|author=Stewart Gordon|title=The Marathas 1600–1818|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C&pg=PA15|date= 1993|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26883-7|pages=15–|quote=Looking backward from ample material on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, we know that Maratha as a category of caste represents the amalgamation of families from several castes - Kunbi, Lohar, Sutar, Bhandari, Thakar, and even Dhangars (shepherds) – which existed in the seventeenth century and, indeed, exist as castes in Maharashtra today. What differentiated, for example, "Maratha" from "Kunbi"? It was precisely the martial tradition, of which they were proud, and the rights (watans and inams) they gained from military service. It was these rights which differentiated them from the ordinary cultivator, ironworkers and tailors, especially at the local level|access-date=15 May 2020|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414083928/https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C&pg=PA15|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Historical ties with the Company and Britain==<br />
[[File:Shinde Chhatri.jpg|thumb|[[Shinde Chhatri]], Wanawdi, [[Pune]]: A memorial dedicated to [[Mahadji Shinde]]]]<br />
During the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]], [[Daulat Rao Scindia]] suffered major defeats at the [[Battle of Assaye|Assaye]] and [[Battle of Laswari|Laswari]], leading him to sign the [[Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon]] in 1803 and surrender extensive territories to the [[East India Company]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Gordon |first=Stewart |title=The Marathas 1600–1818 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1993 |pages=198–202}}</ref> Although still nominally a senior [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] chief, Scindia increasingly entered into direct arrangements with the British, often at moments when the [[Maratha Confederacy]] depended on unified action. Contemporary Maratha correspondence and later nationalist writings repeatedly portray his conduct as a breach of Maratha solidarity, noting that separate settlements and refusals to coordinate weakened the Confederacy's resistance at decisive stages.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kulkarni |first=Uday S. |title=The Era of Baji Rao II and Fall of the Maratha Empire |year=2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
Over the following decades, Scindia's court deepened its engagement with British authority. The dynasty pursued independent diplomacy with the Company, seeking favourable terms for the preservation of [[Gwalior State|Gwalior]] even as British influence expanded across [[North India]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=J. L. |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India |publisher=Sterling |year=2005 |page=90}}</ref> Several accounts describe these choices as politically expedient steps that undermined broader Maratha leverage. Critics writing after the fall of the Confederacy have characterised Scindia's approach during this era not simply as accommodation but as conduct that edged into open abandonment of Maratha interests at moments when collective strength might have altered the balance of power.<br />
<br />
These accusations intensified dramatically during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]. [[Jayajirao Scindia]] remained officially loyal to the British even as large portions of the Gwalior contingent mutinied and joined rebel leaders like [[Rani Lakshmibai]] and [[Tatya Tope]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kim |first=Hyung-Eun |title=The Gwalior Contingent and the 1857 Rebellion |publisher=Routledge |year=2018}}</ref> Rebel correspondence, as well as later nationalist narratives, describes Scindia's refusal to support the uprising as a decisive blow to the rebellion in central India. His cooperation with British authorities, alongside his suppression of rebel-aligned forces, is widely interpreted as enabling the British recapture of [[Gwalior]] and sealing the strategic collapse of resistance in the region.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mukherjee |first= Rudrangshu |title=Awadh in Revolt, 1857–1858 |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2001}}</ref><br />
<br />
The magnitude of Scindia’s decision was captured in the remark attributed to Governor-General [[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning|Lord Canning]]: "If Scindia joins the rebels, I shall pack up tomorrow and go to the hills."<ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Pratinav Anil |title=The House of Scindia: The Family Reunion |url=https://openthemagazine.com/cover-story/the-house-of-scindia-the-family-reunion/ |publisher=Open Magazine |date=2020-03-13}}</ref> The comment reflects the British understanding that a Scindia defection would have tipped the rebellion's military balance, potentially transforming the uprising into a successful struggle for [[Indian independence movement|independence]]. The dynasty's loyalty to the Company at this critical moment has therefore remained one of the most frequently cited examples of a princely house whose choices shaped the outcome of both the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha decline]] and the failure of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857 revolt]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Maratha Period===<br />
[[File:Scindia dynasty in 1795.png|thumb|500x500px|Territories of the [[Gwalior State|Gwalior]] in 1795]]<br />
The Scindia dynasty was founded by [[Ranoji Scindia]], who was the son of Jankojirao Scindia, the [[Patil (title)|Patil]] of [[Kanherkhed]], a village in [[Satara District]], [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="Rathod1994">{{cite book|author=N. G. Rathod|title=The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPq640stHJ0C&pg=PA1|year=1994|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-85431-52-9|page=1}}</ref> [[Peshwa]] [[Baji Rao I|Baji Rao]]'s career saw the strengthening of the [[Maratha Empire]]. Ranoji was in charge of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] conquests in [[Malwa]] in 1726. Ranoji established his capital at [[Ujjain]] in 1731. His successors included Jayajirao, Jyotibarao, Dattajirao, Jankojirao, [[Mahadji Shinde]] and [[Daulatrao Scindia]].The Scindias became a major regional power in the latter half of the 18th century, and figured prominently in the three [[Anglo-Maratha Wars (disambiguation)|Anglo-Maratha Wars]].They held sway over many of the [[Rajput]] states, and conquered north India. In 1818, after accepting the terms of a [[subsidiary alliance]] with the British, the family shifted their base from Ujjain to [[Gwalior State|Gwalior]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}<br />
<br />
===Rulers of Gwalior state under the British===<br />
After the defeat of the allied Maratha states by the British in the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] of 1818, Daulatrao Shinde was forced to accept local autonomy as a [[princely state]] within British-occupied India and to give up Ajmer to the British. After the death of Daulatrao, Maharani Baiza Bai ruled the empire, saving it from the British power, till the adopted child Jankoji Rao took over the charge. Jankoji died in 1843, and his widow Tarabai Raje Scindia successfully maintained the position and adopted a child from close lineage named Jayajirao.{{cn|date=July 2023}}<br />
<br />
===Accession of Gwalior state into Independent India===<br />
The Scindia dynasty ruled Gwalior until India's independence from the [[United Kingdom]] in 1947, when the [[Maharaja]] [[Jiwajirao Scindia|Jivajirao Scindia]] acceded to the Government of India. Gwalior was merged with a number of other princely states to become the new Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Bharat]]. Jiwajirao Scindia served as the state's [[rajpramukh]], or appointed governor, from 28 May 1948 to 31 October 1956, when Madhya Bharat was merged into [[Madhya Pradesh]].{{cn|date=July 2023}}<br />
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===Political careers of family members===<br />
In 1962, [[Vijaya Raje Scindia|Vijayraje Scindia]], the widow of Maharaja Jiwajirao, was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], beginning the family's career in electoral politics.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vijaya Raje Scindia|url=http://www.sawnet.org/whoswho/?Scindia+Vijaya+Raje|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211050038/http://www.sawnet.org/whoswho/?Scindia+Vijaya+Raje|archive-date=11 February 2007|access-date=2006-12-04}}</ref> She was first a member of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]], and later became an influential member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Her son [[Madhavrao Scindia]] was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1971 representing the Jansangh Party, he joined Congress in 1980 and served until his death in 2001. His son, [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]], joined the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] and was elected to the seat formerly held by his father in 2004. He later joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 11 March 2020.{{cn|date=July 2023}} Vijayaraje's daughters have supported the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. [[Vasundhara Raje|Vasundhara Raje Scindia]] contested and won five [[Indian Parliament|parliamentary]] elections from [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Rajasthan]]. Under the Vajpayee government from 1998 onwards, Vasundhara was in charge of several different ministries. In 2003 she led the Bharatiya Janata Party to its largest majority in [[Rajasthan]], and became the state's [[Chief Minister]].<ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web |url=http://vasundhararaje.in/en/life-and-career |title=Life and Career – Vasundhara Raje<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=15 May 2020 |archive-date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606122810/http://vasundhararaje.in/en/life-and-career |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2013 again, she led Bharatiya Janata Party to a thumping win in the state of Rajasthan, winning over 160 out of the 200 seats in the assembly elections. Her other daughter, [[Yashodhara Raje Scindia]], contested assembly elections from [[Shivpuri]] in Madhya Pradesh and won in 1998, 2003 and 2013 and also [[lok sabha]] 2004, 2009 from Gwalior. Upon the BJP's win in the state, she became the state's Minister for Tourism, Sports and Youth Affairs. Vasundhara's son [[Dushyant Singh]] entered the Lok Sabha in 2004 from Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite news|title =Dushyant Singh wins|url =https://www.ndtv.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-candidates-list-2019/dushyant-singh-20025-1|publisher =NDTV|access-date =15 May 2020|archive-date =16 July 2020|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200716173914/https://www.ndtv.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-candidates-list-2019/dushyant-singh-20025-1|url-status =live}}</ref>[[File:Portrait of Mahadaji Scindia.jpg|thumb|290x290px|[[Mahadaji Shinde|Mahadaji Scindia]] was instrumental in resurrecting Maratha power in North India after the [[Battle of Panipat in 1761]]<ref>{{cite book|author=N. G. Rathod|title=The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPq640stHJ0C&pg=PA8|year=1994|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-85431-52-9|page=8}}</ref>]]<br />
==Scindia Maharajas of Gwalior and Ujjain==<br />
The heads of the Royal House of Scindia include:<br />
*[[Ranoji Shinde|Ranoji Rao Shinde]] (1731 – 19 July 1745). Died 19 July 1745.<br />
*[[Jayappa Shinde|Jayappa Rao Shinde]] (1745 – 25 July 1755). Born c. 1720, died 25 July 1755.<br />
*[[Jankoji Rao Scindia I]] (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born in 1745. died 15 January 1761.<br />
* [[Dattaji Rao Scindia]] (Regent 1755 – 10 January 1760). Died 10 January 1760.<br />
* ''Vacant 15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763''<br />
*[[Kadarji Rao Scindia]] (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764) Died ?.<br />
*[[Manaji Rao Scindia]] (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768) Died ?.<br />
*[[Mahadaji Scindia]] (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born 3 December 1730, died 12 February 1794.<br />
*[[Daulat Scindia|Daulat Rao Shinde]] (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 21 March 1827.<br />
*[[Jankoji Rao Scindia II]] (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 7 February 1843.<br />
*[[Jayajirao Scindia|Jayaji Rao Scindia]] (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 19 January 1835, died 20 June 1886.<br />
*[[Madho Rao Scindia]] (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 20 October 1876, died 5 June 1925.<br />
*[[Jivajirao Scindia]] (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956. Last Maharaja, later Rajpramukh) Born 26 June 1916, died 16 July 1961.<br />
*[[Madhavrao Scindia]] (1961–2001), the last reigning Maharaja, before the abolishment of the monarchy in 1971.<br />
===Titular Maharajas===<br />
*[[Jyotiraditya Scindia]] (2001–present)<br />
* Mahaaryaman Scindia ([[heir apparent]])<br />
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== Orders of chivalry ==<br />
The Royal House of Scindia awards two [[orders of chivalry]]; these knighthoods were instituted by [[Madho Rao Scindia|Maharaja Madho Rao Scindia]] in 1900 and 1907, respectively, and include:<br />
<br />
*''Mansab-i-Aswadi'' (Order of the Snake), awarded in three grades<br />
*Gwalior Medal, awarded in three grades<ref name="Anmol1996">{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely States in colonial India |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |page=85 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Family tree ==<br />
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{{Chart top|width=100%|collapsed=no|Shinde dynasty and the Family tree of the Maharajas of Gwalior}}<br />
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{{legend-line|black solid 2px|Biological Child}}<br />
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{{legend-line|black dotted 2px|Adopted Child}}<br />
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A01='''[[Ranoji Scindia|Ranoji Rao]]'''<br><sup>(1)</sup><br><small>r. 1731-1745</small>|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700}}<br />
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{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | |A02 | |A03 | |A04 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |<br />
A01='''[[Rao Scindia|Jayappaji<br>Rao]]'''<br><sup>(2)</sup><br><small>r. 1745-1755</small>|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700|<br />
A02=[[Dattaji Rao Scindia|Dattaji Rao]]<br><small>''Regent''<br>t. 1755-1761</small>|<br />
A03=[[Tukoji Rao Scindia|Tukoji Rao]]|<br />
A04='''[[Mahadaji Shinde|Mahadaji]]'''<br><sup>(7)</sup><br><small>r. 1768-1794</small>|boxstyle_A04=border-color:#FFD700}}<br />
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{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | |A02 | |A03 | |A04 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |<br />
A01='''[[Jankoji Rao Scindia|Jankoji<br>Rao I]]'''<br><sup>(3)</sup><br><small>r. 1755-1761</small>|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700|<br />
A02='''[[Kadarji Rao Scindia|Kadarji Rao]]'''<br><sup>(4)</sup><br><small>r. 1763-1764</small>|boxstyle_A02=border-color:#FFD700|<br />
A03=Anand Rao|<br />
A04='''[[Manaji Rao Scindia|Manaji Rao]]'''<br><sup>(6)</sup><br><small>r. 1764-1768</small>|boxstyle_A04=border-color:#FFD700}}<br />
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{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 |~|A02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |<br />
A01=[[Baiza Bai]]<br><small>''Regent''<br>t. 1827-1833</small>|<br />
A02='''[[Daulat Rao Sindhia|Daulat Rao]]'''<br><sup>(8)</sup><br><small>r. 1794-1827</small>|boxstyle_A02=border-color:#FFD700}}<br />
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{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 |~|A02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |<br />
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A02=Tara Bai<br><small>''Regent''<br>t. 1843-1844</small>}}<br />
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A01='''[[Madho Rao Scindia|Madho Rao]]'''<br><sup>(11)</sup><br><small>r. 1886-1925</small>|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700|<br />
A02=Gajra Bai<br><small>''Regent''<br>t. 1931-1936</small>}}<br />
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A01='''[[Madhavrao Scindia|Madhav<br>Rao]]'''<br><sup>(13)</sup><br><small>– Titular –<br>r. 1961-1971<br>Head of<br>the Family<br>1971-2001</small>|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700}}<br />
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A01='''[[Jyotiraditya Scindia|Jyotiraditya]]'''<br><sup>(14)</sup><br><small>Head of<br>the Family<br>2001-present</small>|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700}}<br />
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{{Tree chart/end}}<br />
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{{Chart bottom}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{Citation|title=Hobson-Jobson: a Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive|first1=Sir Henry|last1=Yule|first2=Arthur Coke|last2=Burnell|editor=William Crooke|publisher=J. Murray|year=1903|location=London|oclc=4718658|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Z5iAAAAMAAJ&q=killadar+etymology}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Hope|first=John |title=The House of Scindea&nbsp;– A Sketch by John Hope|url=https://archive.org/stream/houseofscindeask00hoperich#page/n5/mode/2up|year=1863|publisher=Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green, London}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Neelesh Ishwarchandra Karkare |title=Tawaareekh-E-ShindeShahi |year=2017|isbn= 978-93-5267-241-7}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{Commons category-inline}}<br />
{{MarathaEmpire}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Scindia dynasty| ]]<br />
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]<br />
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]<br />
[[Category:Maratha clans]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=8%C2%BD_Intercuts:_Life_and_Films_of_K.G._George&diff=4836908½ Intercuts: Life and Films of K.G. George2026-03-03T20:33:53Z<p>KandacePolding: put up some post w/ refs...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{citation style|date=January 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}<br />
{{italic title}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = 8½ Intercuts: Life and Films of K.G. George<br />
| image = <br />
| director = [[Lijin Jose]]<br />
| producer = Shibu G. Suseelan<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editing = <br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|2017}}<br />
| runtime = 109 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = [[Malayalam]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''8½ Intercuts: Life and Films of K.G. George''''' is an Indian [[documentary film]] produced in [[Malayalam]] about [[K.G. George]], one of the leading directors of [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].<ref name="manoramaonline-1">{{Cite web|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/in-depth/iffi-2017-goa/news/2017/11/25/as-life-and-films-of-kg-george-unravel-in-8-intercuts.html|title=As life and films of KG George unravel in '8 ½ Intercuts|publisher=Manorama Online|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="mathrubhumi-1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/ernakulam/malayalam-news/kochi-1.2273283|title=സൈൻസ് ഫെസ്റ്റിന്റെ മൂന്നാം നാൾ ആകർഷണമായി കെ.ജി. ജോർജ്|publisher=Mathrubhumi|access-date=29 September 2017|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221200145/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/ernakulam/malayalam-news/kochi-1.2273283|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film was screened in 2017th [[International Film Festival of India|International Film Festival of Goa]] and selected for non-feature section of Indian panorama. The film was directed by [[Lijin Jose]] and produced by [[Shibu G. Suseelan]].<ref name="thehindu-1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/film-on-k-g-george-screened-at-film-fete/article19102086.ece|title=Film on K. G. George screened at film fete|newspaper=The Hindu|date=19 June 2017|access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="idsffk">{{Cite web|url=http://idsffk.in/2017/06/06/8-12-intercuts-life-and-films-of-k-g-george/|title=8½ Intercuts: Life and Films of K.G. George|publisher=idsffk}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
* [http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/film-on-kg-george-a-big-draw-at-signs-film-festival/article19774794.ece Film on K.G. George a big draw at SiGNS film festival]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170405223333/http://www.sify.com/movies/documentary-on-k-g-george-news-malayalam-nfpmU8jhidcsi.html Documentary on K G George!]<br />
* [https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/280617/documenting-a-cine-legend.html Documenting a cine legend]<br />
* [https://silverscreen.in/malayalam/features/8-%C2%BD-intercuts-life-films-k-g-george-documentary-explores-masters-genius-demons/ A Documentary That Explores The Master's Genius & Demons]{{dead link|date=February 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}<br />
* [http://www.mangalam.com/news/detail/164114-latest-news-take-off-and-bhahubali-in-indian-panorama.html പനോരമയിൽ താരമാകാൻ]<br />
* [http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/specials/iffi-2017/lijin-jose-director-of-kg-george-documentary-mathrubhumi-1.2413554 കെ.ജി. ജോർജിന് സമർപ്പണവുമായി ലിജിൻ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130071030/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/specials/iffi-2017/lijin-jose-director-of-kg-george-documentary-mathrubhumi-1.2413554 |date=30 November 2017 }}<br />
* [https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/movie-news/take-off-and-baahubali-are-selected-to-indian-panorama/articleshow/61613873.cms ഇന്ത്യൻ പനോരമയിൽ-1]<br />
* [http://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/bahubali-and-take-off-cinema-are-selected-in-indian-panorama ഇന്ത്യൻ പനോരമയിൽ-2]<br />
* [http://localnews.manoramaonline.com/thiruvananthapuram/local-news/2017/06/17/kurdoc17.html ലൈഫ് ആൻഡ് ഫിലിംസ് ഓഫ് കെ.ജി.ജോർജ് ഇന്നു പ്രദർശിപ്പിക്കും]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:81/2 Intercuts: Life and Films of K.G. George}}<br />
[[Category:Indian documentary films]]<br />
[[Category:2017 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{2010s-documentary-film-stub}}</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mr._Pellikoduku&diff=518604Mr. Pellikoduku2026-03-03T17:49:44Z<p>KandacePolding: created a details initial version</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Mr. Pelikoduku<br />
| image = Mr. Pellikoduku poster.jpg<br />
| writer = [[Himanshu Sharma]]<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]]<br />
*[[Isha Chawla]]<br />
*Vincent<br />
*[[Ravi Babu]]<br />
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]]<br />
*Khaleel<br />
}}<br />
| director = Devi Prasad<br />
| cinematography = [[Sameer Reddy]]<br />
| producer = {{plainlist|<br />
*N. V. Prasad<br />
*Paras Jain<br />
}}<br />
| editing = Nandamuri Hari<br />
| distributor = {{plainlist|<br />
*Megaa [[Super Good Films]]<br />
*BlueSky (overseas)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.idlebrain.com/usschedules/mrpellikoduku.html|title = Mr.Pellikoduku Overseas by BlueSky | publisher= idlebrain.com |accessdate= 13 February 2013}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|03|01}}<br />
| runtime = 138 minutes<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Mr. Pellikoduku''''' ({{translation|Mr. Bride Groom}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Telugu cinema|Telugu-language]] film directed by Devi Prasad, starring [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] and [[Isha Chawla]]. This movie was produced by N. V. Prasad and Paras Jain under the Megaa Super Good Films Banner, while [[S. A. Rajkumar]] scored the music.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/89783.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107093206/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/89783.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 January 2013|title=Mr Pellikoduku audio to be launched by Sankranti|website=IndiaGlitz|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref> This film is an official [[remake]] of the 2011 [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] film ''[[Tanu Weds Manu]]'' (directed by [[Aanand L. Rai|Anand L. Rai]], with [[R. Madhavan]] and [[Kangana Ranaut]] in the lead roles). The film revolves around Buchi Babu, an [[Indian diaspora|NRI]] who returns to India after six years in order to find [[Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent|a bride among the ones in the list prepared by his parents]], where he falls in love with Anjali.<br />
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-19/news-interviews/36431803_1_isha-chawla-poola-rangadu-sa-rajkumar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301114623/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-19/news-interviews/36431803_1_isha-chawla-poola-rangadu-sa-rajkumar|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 March 2013|title=Sunil's Mr Pellikoduku gearing for release|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=19 January 2013<!--, 02.19PM IST-->}}</ref> ''Mr. Pellikoduku'' released on 1 March 2013.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
The film begins with Buchi Babu (Sunil), a simple and well-settled NRI living in the United States. Pressured by his family to get married, he returns to India to find a bride. His family arranges a match for him with Anjali (Isha Chawla), a lively and free-spirited woman who loves to live life on her own terms.<br />
Buchi Babu visits Anjali's home with his family. He is instantly smitten by her beauty and charm. However, Anjali, uninterested in the traditional matchmaking process, pretends to be indifferent and even tries to scare him off by openly stating that she loves someone else.<br />
Despite her behavior, Buchi Babu finds himself genuinely attracted to Anjali and agrees to marry her. But during their next meeting, Anjali bluntly rejects him, stating that she has no interest in him and doesn’t want to settle down in a conventional marriage.<br />
Anjali is in love with her boyfriend, a carefree guy who lacks seriousness. She openly admits her love for him to Buchi Babu, and he, though heartbroken, decides to step aside. Buchi Babu returns to the US, trying to move on from the rejection.<br />
A few months later, circumstances bring Buchi Babu and Anjali together again at a friend’s wedding. During this time, Anjali realizes her boyfriend is irresponsible and not the right person for her. She begins to see the kind and caring nature of Buchi Babu.<br />
Anjali starts developing feelings for Buchi Babu but struggles to express them. Meanwhile, Buchi Babu remains distant, thinking she is still in love with her ex. A series of humorous and emotional incidents bring them closer, and Anjali finally confesses her love.<br />
The film concludes with Buchi Babu and Anjali getting married amidst a grand celebration, signifying the union of two opposites who complement each other perfectly.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Buchi Babu<br />
* [[Isha Chawla]] as Anjali<br />
* [[Ronson Vincent]] <br />
* Khaleel as Raja<br />
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Bachi: Buchi Babu's friend<br />
* [[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]] as B. Parabramham: Buchi Babu's father<br />
* [[L. B. Sriram]] as Raja's father<br />
* [[Ahuti Prasad]] as Veerraju: Anjali's father<br />
* [[Ravi Babu]] as Raja's right-hand<br />
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as A visitor to Buchi Babu's friend's wedding<br />
* [[Tulasi Shivamani]] as Buchi Babu's mother<br />
* Usha Sri as Anjali's mother<br />
* Giridhar as A visitor to Buchi Babu's friend's wedding<br />
* Vishnupriya as Chaya: Bachi's love interest<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
''Mr. Pellikoduku'' opened to mixed reviews from the critics. ''[[The Hindu]]'' gave a review stating "Mr. Pellikoduku is a hotchpotch remake. Re-visit Tanu Weds Manu instead."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/mr-pellikoduku-a-lacklustre-remake/article4465519.ece|title=Mr. Pellikoduku: A lacklustre remake|work=The Hindu|date=March 2013 |accessdate=1 Mar 2013}}</ref> [[Network18 Group|IBN Live]] gave a review stating "Mr Pellikoduku, the remake of 'Tanu weds Manu' fails to recreate the magic."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-review-mr-pellikoduku-remake-of-tanu-weds-manu-fails-to-recreate-the-magic/376150-71-218.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306004000/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-review-mr-pellikoduku-remake-of-tanu-weds-manu-fails-to-recreate-the-magic/376150-71-218.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 March 2013|title=Telugu Review: 'Mr Pellikoduku', remake of 'Tanu weds Manu' fails to recreate the magic|publisher=IBN Live|accessdate=2 March 2013}}</ref> The Times of India gave a review stating "Forget Tanu Weds Manu was ever made and you might be able to see the funny side of it all."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/18748949.cms|title=Mr Pellikoduku movie review|work=The Times of India|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref> Sify.com gave a review stating the movie to be a "unsatisfying remake".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/mr-pellikoduku-unsatisfying-remake-telugu-movie-review-news-national-ndcnuejhcie.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303021749/http://www.sify.com/movies/Mr-Pellikoduku-unsatisfying-remake-Telugu-Movie-Review-news-National-ndcnuejhcie.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 March 2013|title='Mr. Pellikoduku' - unsatisfying remake (Telugu Movie Review)|website=[[Sify]]|accessdate=2 March 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Rediff.com]] gave a review of rating 2/5 stating "Mr Pellikoduku has all the badly written additions woven into it. The music isn't appealing either. The Telugu version sadly fails and scores on no account."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-mr-pellikoduku/20130301.htm|title=Review: Mr Pellikoduku is tedious to watch|work=Rediff.com|accessdate=1 March 2013 <!-- 11:06 IST --> }}</ref> [[Oneindia|Oneindia Entertainment g]]<nowiki/>ave a review of rating 2.5/5 stating "Overall, Mr Pellikoduku is a poor remake of Tanu Weds Manu, but you can still watch and enjoy it."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/reviews/2013/mr-pellikoduku-movie-review-104375.html|title=Mr Pellikoduku - Movie Review: Devi Prasad tests your patience|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|access-date=1 March 2013}}</ref> APHerald.com gave a review of rating 2/5 stating "With unimpressive technical team, poor efforts by lead pair Mr. Pellikoduku killed the natural & fresh feel which 'Tanu Weds Manu' had in it. It's better to buy 'Tanu Weds Manu' DVD than buying Mr. Pellikoduku ticket."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apherald.com/Movies/Reviews/15003/Mr-Pellikoduku-Movie-Review-Rating/|title=Mr. Pellikoduku Movie Review, Rating|publisher=APHerald.com|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Mr. Pellikoduku<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| longtype = to Mr. Pellikoduku<br />
| artist = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 2 February 2013<br />
| recorded = 2012–2013<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 26:57<br />
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| label = [[Aditya Music]]<br />
| producer = S. A. Rajkumar<br />
| prev_title = Mouna Raagam<br />
| prev_year = 2010<br />
| next_title =<br />
| next_year =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The audio release function was held at Shilpakala Vedika, Hyderabad on 2 February 2013.<br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| collapsed = <br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Artist(s)<br />
| total_length = 26:57<br />
| title1 = Musthabai Vasthundi<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]<br />
| extra1 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Shravya<br />
| length1 = 04:26<br />
| title2 = O Meri Siri<br />
| lyrics2 = Ramajogayya Sastry<br />
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Rita, [[S. A. Rajkumar]]<br />
| length2 = 04:33<br />
| title3 = Nuvvu Naatho<br />
| lyrics3 = [[Vanamali]]<br />
| extra3 = [[Udit Narayan]], Prem<br />
| length3 = 04:44<br />
| title4 = Masthu Masthu<br />
| lyrics4 = Bhaskarabhatla<br />
| extra4 = [[Haricharan]], [[Khushi Murali|Muralidhar]], [[Geetha Madhuri]]<br />
| length4 = 04:13<br />
| title5 = Maatalu Raani<br />
| lyrics5 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]<br />
| extra5 = Jagadeesh, [[Ranina Reddy]]<br />
| length5 = 04:55<br />
| title6 = Osini Ne Oni<br />
| lyrics6 = Suddala Ashok Teja<br />
| extra6 = Udit Narayan, Shravya<br />
| length6 = 04:03<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mister Pellikoduku}}<br />
[[Category:2013 films]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Hindi films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2013 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Super Good Films films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about arranged marriage]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rathasaatchi&diff=529844Rathasaatchi2026-03-03T02:40:15Z<p>KandacePolding: starting a page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2022 action drama film}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}<br />
{{No plot|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Rathasaatchi<br />
| image = Rathasaatchi.jpg<br />
| caption = Promotional poster <br />
| director = Rafiq Ismail<br />
| story = [[B. Jeyamohan]]<br />
| producer = Anitha Mahendran<br />
| screenplay = Rafiq Ismail<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Kanna Ravi]]<br />
*[[Elango Kumaravel]]<br />
*[[Harish Kumar (actor)|Harish Kumar]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = Javed Riaz<br />
| cinematography = Jagadeesh Ravi<br />
| editing = <br />
| studio = Turmeric Media<br />
| distributor = <br />
| runtime = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|12|9}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
'''''Rathasaatchi''''' ({{translation|Martyr}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language action drama film directed by Rafiq Ismail and starring [[Kanna Ravi]], [[Elango Kumaravel]], and [[Harish Kumar (actor)|Harish Kumar]]. It was released on 9 December 2022 in [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]].<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*[[Kanna Ravi]] as Appu<br />
*[[Elango Kumaravel]] as Murugesan<br />
*[[Kalyan (choreographer)|Kalyan]] as SP Devasagayam<br />
*Arjun Ram as Lingam<br />
*[[Charles Vinoth]] as Narayanan<br />
*Praveen as Perumal<br />
*Vinoth Munna as Karuppaiah<br />
*[[O. A. K. Sundar]] as Tamil Nadu Chief Minister<br />
*Harish Kumar as Iqbal<br />
*Monisha as Roslyn<br />
*Harris Moosa as Vijay Rao<br />
*Gopi Kannadasan as SKN<br />
*Rudra as Appu's mother<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
The film, based on [[B. Jeyamohan]]'s short story ''Kathaigal'' from the novel ''Venkadal'', was shot in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First look of Aha's Rathasaatchi out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/nov/16/first-look-of-ahasrathasaatchi-out-36693.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215005129/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/nov/16/first-look-of-ahasrathasaatchi-out-36693.html |archive-date=15 December 2022 |access-date=15 December 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A bloody good dawn: Kanna Ravi and Rafiq Ismail on 'Rathasaatchi' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/dec/14/a-bloody-good-dawnkanna-ravi-and-rafiq-ismail-on-rathasaatchi-2527838.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215005129/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/dec/14/a-bloody-good-dawnkanna-ravi-and-rafiq-ismail-on-rathasaatchi-2527838.html |archive-date=15 December 2022 |access-date=15 December 2022 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
The soundtrack was composed by Javed Riaz.<br />
<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Rathasaatchi<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = Javed Riaz<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 2022<br />
| recorded =<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre =<br />
| length =<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| label = [[Think Music]]<br/>Turmeric Media<br />
| producer = Javed Riaz<br />
| prev_title = [[Anbirkiniyal]]<br />
| prev_year = 2021<br />
| next_title = [[Oh My Ghost (film)|Oh My Ghost]]<br />
| next_year = 2022<br />
}}<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| all_writing = <br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| all_lyrics = <br />
| title1 = Yaanaiyodu Modhum<br />
| length1 = 1:58<br />
| extra1 = Javed Riaz, Aravind Annest<br />
| lyrics1 = Vishnu Edavan<br />
| title2 = Kolai Manam<br />
| length2 =<br />
| extra2 = Prasanna Adhisesha<br />
| lyrics2 = [[Karthik Netha]]<br />
| title3 = Kolai Manam<br />
| length3 =<br />
| extra3 = Prasanna Adhisesha<br />
| lyrics3 = Vishnu Edavan<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
The film was released on 9 December 2022 on the OTT platform, [[aha (streaming service)|aha]]. A reviewer from ''[[Times of India]]'' noted "''Rathasaatchi'' is definitely worth a watch for the story it tries to tell, but the makers could have concentrated a little more on its screenplay and conflicts to make it more interesting as a movie".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rathasaatchi Review: An anti-oppression film which misses the mark with less conflict |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/rathasaatchi/ottmoviereview/96137183.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216042649/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/rathasaatchi/ottmoviereview/96137183.cms |archive-date=16 December 2022 |access-date=15 December 2022 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express|Cinema Express]]'' wrote "despite sticking to the hero-rise-and-fall template, good writing choices and terrific performances keep us hooked".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rathasaatchi Movie Review: Seamless storytelling and superb performances elevate this film |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/dec/09/rathasaatchi-movie-review-seamless-storytelling-and-superb-performances-elevate-this-film-37553.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215005133/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/dec/09/rathasaatchi-movie-review-seamless-storytelling-and-superb-performances-elevate-this-film-37553.html |archive-date=15 December 2022 |access-date=15 December 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> OTTPlay noted it was "an intense and hard-hitting drama about a rebellious leader backed by some terrific performances".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ratha Saatchi Review: A hard-hitting drama backed by some terrific performances |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/ratha-saatchi-review-an-intense-and-hard-hitting-drama-about-a-rebellious-leader-backed-by-some-terrific-performances/4c4507725a664 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215005129/https://www.ottplay.com/review/ratha-saatchi-review-an-intense-and-hard-hitting-drama-about-a-rebellious-leader-backed-by-some-terrific-performances/4c4507725a664 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |access-date=15 December 2022 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}} <br />
<br />
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on Indian short stories]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Ottapalam]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=T._P._Muthulakshmi&diff=539122T. P. Muthulakshmi2026-03-01T13:16:12Z<p>KandacePolding: new</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actress}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| image = T. P. Muthulakshmi (Pic).jpg<br />
| caption = T. P. Muthulakshmi<br />
| native_name = தூத்துக்குடி பொன்னையா பாண்டியன். முத்துலட்சுமி<br />
| birth_name = T. P. Muthulakshmi<br />
| birth_date = 24 June 1931<br />
| birth_place = [[Thoothukudi]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])<br />
| death_date = 29 May 2008 (aged 77)<ref name="thehindu1"/><br />
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| height =<br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| awards = [[Kalaimamani]](2008) <br> [[Kalaivanar]]<br />
| homepage =<br />
| parents = Father: Ponnaiyapandiyan<br>Mother: Shanmugathammal<br />
| spouse = P. K. Muthuramalingam (m.1958)<br />
| children = P. K. J. Vairamuthu<br />
| relatives = M. Perumal (Uncle)<br />
|years_active = 1950–1969}}<br />
<br />
'''T. P. Muthulakshmi''' (Native name: தமிழ்: டி. பி. முத்துலட்சுமி) was an Indian actress who was active from the 1950 to 1969. She was a prominent lead [[comedy]] actress during the early 1950s in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films. She has acted in around 350 movies in [[Tamil language]]. Her debut film was ''[[Ponmudi]]'' in 1950, directed by [[Ellis R. Dungan]].<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/tp-muthulakshmi-passes-away/article1267758.ece |title=tp muthulakshmi passes away |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |date=2008-05-30 |accessdate=2016-01-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/actress/t-p-muthulakshmi/|title=t p muthulakshmi|accessdate=2016-01-25|publisher=spicyonion|archive-date=3 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203135057/http://spicyonion.com/actress/t-p-muthulakshmi/|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name="thehindu">{{cite web |author=Randor Guy |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Sparkling-presence/article15398893.ece|title= Sparkling Presence |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |date=October 10, 2016|accessdate=2017-06-19}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Muthulakshmi was born in 1931 to Ponnaiyapandiyan and Shanmugathammal at [[Thoothukudi]], [[Madras Presidency]] (now in [[Tamil Nadu]]). She studied up to eighth grade and while studying she desired to learn [[Carnatic music]] and [[Indian classical dance|Classical dance]] and enter the film industry. She confirmed that she would be a cinema actress. In [[Chennai]], her uncle M. Perumal worked as a dancer at the director of the film K. Subramaniyam. With his help she decided to enter the film industry. With the help of Perumal, Muthulakshmi got the chance to be in the mural dance of ''[[Chandralekha (1948 film)|Chandralekha]]'' (1948). Muthulakshmi played the dance scene with a large number of women participants and danced with [[T. R. Rajakumari]] in some scenes. She worked for a few months at a salary of 65 rupees at [[Gemini Studio]].<ref name="antrukandamugam">{{cite web|url=https://antrukandamugam.wordpress.com/2013/09/t-p-muthulakshmi/|title= அன்று கண்ட முகம் - பழம்பெரும் நகைச்சுவை நடிகை - டி. பி. முத்துலட்சுமி |date=17 September 2012 |accessdate=26 May 2019|publisher=antrukandamugam.worpress}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
After ''Mahabahli Chakravarthi'', she starred in minor roles in films such as ''Minmini'', ''Deethwa Manohari'' and ''Parijatham''. In 1950, she appeared in a comedy role in ''[[Ponmudi]]'' produced by [[Modern Theatres]],<ref name="antrukandamugam"/> which made a big turn in Muthulakshmi's career. In ''[[Or Iravu]]'' (1951), with screenplay written by [[C. N. Annadurai]] and produced by [[AVM Productions]], she played [[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramasamy]]'s wife Bhavani. In ''[[Thirumbi Paar (1953 film)|Thirumbi Paar]]'' (1953), she played a dumb woman. Muthulakshmi was paired with [[K. A. Thangavelu]], [[Kaka Radhakrishnan]], [[A. Karunanidhi]], [[J. P. Chandra Babu]], [[T. R. Ramachandran]], [[Major Sundarrajan]], S. Rama Rao, and [[M. R. Radha]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maalaimalar.com/2012/08/01203632/glamour-role-tb-muthu-lakshmi.html |title=Glamour role - T. P. Muthulakshmi |accessdate=24 May 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Muthulakshmi married P. K. Muthuramalingam in 1958, he was supervisor of the state agency. Chairman of the Tamil Nadu Peninsula Institute. She was Sister in law of famous director [[T. P. Gajendran]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7L0p8yo1Ob8|title=T.P.Gajendran Exclusive Interview|date=13 July 2019|via=www.Youtube.com}}</ref> She died on 29 May 2008, having suffered ill health and being hospitalised in Vijaya hospital, then she was shifted to home. She spent one month at home with proper medical care. Her body was cremated in Nungamabakkam, Chennai.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinemanirubar.blogspot.com/2008/05/blog-post_3537.html |title= Veteran actress Muthulakshmi cremated|date=30 May 2008|accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
She has acted in around 350 movies in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films.<br />
{{Incomplete list|date=May 2019}}<br />
<br />
===1940s===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Movie !! Character !! class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1948 || ''[[Chandralekha (1948 film)|Chandralekha]]'' || Group dancer || <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===1950s===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year !! Movie !! Role !! class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |1950 || ''[[Ponmudi]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Manthiri Kumari]]'' || Karpagam || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |1951 || ''[[Or Iravu]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sarvadhikari]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rajambal (1951 film)|Rajambal]]'' || Kanakavalli ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |1952 || ''[[Thai Ullam]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Zamindar (1955 film)|Zamindar]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Parasakthi (1952 film)|Parasakthi]]'' || Kantha || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Valayapathi (film)|Valayapathi]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kalyani (1952 film)|Kalyani]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |1953 || ''[[Thirumbi Paar (1953 film)|Thirumbi Paar]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''Rohini'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Naalvar]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" |1954 || ''[[Koondukili]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Manohara]]'' || Malini || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pon Vayal]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sugam Enge]]'' || Maragatham || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Thuli Visham]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rajee En Kanmani]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''Rajee Na Pranam'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Padmini'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |1955 || ''Maheswari'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kanavaney Kankanda Deivam]]'' || Nagi ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Town Bus (1955 film)|Town Bus]]'' || Poongavanam || <br />
|-<br />
| ''Gnana Sundari'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Gomathiyin Kaadhalan]]'' || Ponnayee/ Parijatham ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |1956 || ''[[Naan Petra Selvam]]'' || Ezhilarasi || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Naane Raja (1956 film)|Naane Raja]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Paasavalai]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rambaiyin Kaadhal (1956 film)|Rambaiyin Kaadhal]]'' || Oyyari || <br />
|-<br />
| ''Silambu Guhai'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" |1957 || ''[[Chakravarthi Thirumagal]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aaravalli (1957 film)|Aaravalli]]'' || Singaravalli || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mahadhevi]]'' || Vasantha || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Iru Sagodharigal]]'' || Ponnammal || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mayabazar]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Soubhagyavathi (1957 film)|Soubhagyavathi]]'' || Maragatham ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Makkalai Petra Magarasi]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rani Lalithangi]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" |1958 || ''[[Vanjikottai Valiban]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Veerapandiya Kattabomman (film)|Veerapandiya Kattabomman]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kadan Vangi Kalyanam]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nadodi Mannan]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Petra Maganai Vitra Annai (1958 film)|Petra Maganai Vitra Annai]]'' || Mohana ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Manamulla Marutharam'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Avan Amaran'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Annaiyin Aanai]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Maya Manithan'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Neelavukku Neranja Manasu'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |1959 || ''[[Vannakili]]'' || Eesal || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Thanga Padhumai]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Maragadham]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Thalai Koduthaan Thambi]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vaazha Vaitha Deivam]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Veerapandiya Kattabomman]]'' || Kamakshi ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===1960s===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Movie !! Role !! class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |1960 || ''[[Adutha Veettu Penn]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Padikkadha Medhai]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |1961 || ''[[Thayilla Pillai (1961 film)|Thayilla Pillai]]'' || Gangamma || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kappalottiya Thamizhan]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |1962 || ''Vadivukku Valaikkappu'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Konjum Salangai]]'' || Alangaram ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Sengamala Theevu'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |1963 || ''[[Chittoor Rani Padmini]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kalyaniyin Kanavan]]'' || Ramayee || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Iruvar Ullam (1963 film)|Iruvar Ullam]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| 1964 || ''[[Navaratri]]'' || Cameo Appearance ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1965 || ''[[Vallavanukku Vallavan]]'' || Muthulakshmi || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |1966 || ''[[Anbe Vaa (1966 film)|Anbe Vaa]]'' ||Pappamma|| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Avan Pithana?]]'' || Avaiyamma || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Thenmazhai]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |1967 || ''[[Naan (1967 film)|Naan]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Anubavi Raja Anubavi]]'' || Chithambaram wife || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Thiruvarutchelvar]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Paaladai]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |1968 || ''[[Harichandra (1968 film)|Harichandra]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Thirumal Perumai]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|1969 || ''[[Aayiram Poi]]'' || Maragatham || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Poova Thalaiya (1969 film)|Poova Thalaiya]]'' || || <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|3510864}}<br />
* [[T. P. Gajendran]]<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Muthulakshmi, T. P.}}<br />
[[Category:1931 births]]<br />
[[Category:2008 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:People from Thoothukudi]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Tamil Nadu]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chudasama_Rajput&diff=494534Chudasama Rajput2026-02-28T13:06:01Z<p>KandacePolding: put up data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Rajput clan in Gujarat, India}}<br />
{{for|the early medieval dynasty|Chudasama dynasty}}<br />
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br />
The '''Chudasama''' are a [[Rajput]]<ref>{{cite book|title= The Good Country:Individual, Situation, and Society in Saurashtra|pages=131|author=Harald Tambs-Lyche|year=2004|publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-7304-417-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82luAAAAMAAJ&q=Chudasama }}</ref> clan found in the state of [[Gujarat]] in India. They claim descent from [[Yaduvanshi Rajput|Yaduvanshi]] lineage of [[Chandravanshi|Chandravanshi Rajput]] dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kothiyal |first=Tanuja “This historical geography extends further south and west through allied Yadu clans like Jarecha, Chudasama and Sammas, with whom Bhatis not only share a history of origin, but also the mythical jadavsthali.!14 Nineteenth century accounts refer to old Charanic genealogies that trace the movements of Bhatis further west into Afghanistan, and in some accounts as far as Egypt and Syria” |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQS-DAAAQBAJ&dq=chudasamma+yadu&pg=PA56 |title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert |date=2016-03-14 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-67389-8 |language=en}}</ref> They were an off-shoot of [[Samma (tribe)]] of [[Sind]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kapadia |first1=Aparna |title=Gujarat: The Long Fifteenth Century and the Making of a Region |date=2018-05-16 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-15331-8 |pages=80 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrxsDwAAQBAJ&dq=chudasama+SAMMA&pg=PA80 |access-date=24 June 2021 |language=en|quote=The Chudasamas were a branch of the Samma lineage that acquired the principality of Vanthali from the local ruler.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWrTs5yt1DkC |title=Gujarat |date=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-106-8 |pages=1174 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Origin ==<br />
The [[Anthropological Survey of India]], notes the Chudasama Rajputs are an offshoot of the [[Samma (tribe)]], probably of the [[Chandravanshi|Yaduvanshi]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaube |first=J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m94BAAAAMAAJ&q=chudasama+yadav+inscription |title=History of Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537 |date=1975 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |isbn=978-0-88386-573-6 |pages=16 |language=en}}</ref> origin who entered [[India]] during the seventh or eighth century and are found in [[Kutch district|Kachchh]], [[Junagadh]] and [[Jamnagar district]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWrTs5yt1DkC |title=Gujarat |date=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-106-8 |pages=1174 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Sub Clans ==<br />
[[Sarvaiya]] Rajputs are descendants of the Chudasama branch were Talukdars of many places during [[British Raj]]. Their ancestor, Bhim, was the second son of [[Navaghana|Rah Naundhan]], the Chudasama king of Junagarh.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3sEqCW4p2VgC&q=sarvaiya+Chudasama |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha |pages=61, 97 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mayne |first=C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JBU-AQAAMAAJ&q=sarvaiya+Chudasama |title=History of the Dhrangadhra State |date=1921 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |pages=90 |language=en}}</ref> As Bhim Received Chorasi of Sarva his descendants later known as Sarvaiya.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Desai |first=Shambhuprasad Harprasad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1pcRAQAAIAAJ&q=%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE+%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%88%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE |title=Saurāshtr̥ano itihāsa |date=1968 |publisher=Soraṭha Śikshaṇa ane Saṃskr̥ti Saṅgha |pages=247 |language=gu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=John W Watson |url=http://archive.org/details/1884GazetteerByBombayPresidencyVol8Kathiawar349D |title=BK 349 -Gazetteer By Bombay Presidency Vol 8 Kathiawar |date=1884 |pages=410–439}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Social groups of Gujarat}}<br />
{{Rajput Groups of India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rajput clans of Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Samma tribes]]<br />
[[Category:Chudasama dynasty|Rajput]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jama_Masjid,_Shamsi&diff=505446Jama Masjid, Shamsi2026-02-24T21:24:50Z<p>KandacePolding: Started new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Mosque in India, build 1210-1223 Delhi Sultanate}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{for|similarly named mosques|List of grand mosques}}<br />
{{Infobox religious building<br />
| building_name = Jama Masjid Shamsi<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| image = Jama Masjid Shamsi, Badaun.jpg<br />
| image_upright = 1.4<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = The mosque [[façade]] in 2018<br />
| location = [[Budaun]], [[Bareilly division]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| map_type = India Uttar Pradesh<br />
| map_size = 250<br />
| map_relief = 1<br />
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|28.0387|79.1219|region:IN-UP_type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br />
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]<br />
| status = [[Congregational mosque|Friday mosque]]<br />
| heritage_designation = <br />
| functional_status = Active<br />
| leadership = <br />
| patron = <br />
| website = <br />
| architect = <br />
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}} <br />
| architecture_style = [[Persian architecture|Persian]]<br />
| founded_by = [[Iltutmish]]<br />
| facade_direction = <br />
| year_completed = 1210 - 1223<br />
| capacity = {{formatnum:23500}} worshippers<br />
| length = <br />
| width = <br />
| height_max = {{cvt|155|ft|m|order=flip}}<br />
| dome_quantity = 8<br />
| dome_height_outer = <br />
| dome_height_inner = <br />
| dome_dia_outer = {{cvt|36|ft|m|order=flip}}<br />
| dome_dia_inner = {{cvt|34|ft|m|order=flip}}<br />
| minaret_quantity = <br />
| minaret_height = <br />
| materials = [[Red sandstone]]; white [[marble]]<br />
| footnotes = <ref name=Britannica>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Budaun |title=Budaun |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref><br />
| module = {{Infobox historic site<br />
| embed = yes <br />
| designation1 = MANI | designation1_offname = Jami Masjid | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = N-UP-A118 | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = <br />
| embedded = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=250|frame-align=center|zoom=13|type=point|marker=landmark|stroke-width=2|plain=yes|frame-latitude=28.0387|frame-longitude=79.1219}} Location of the mosque in [[Budaun]] }}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Jama Masjid Shamsi''' ({{langx|hi|जामा मस्जिद शम्सी}}), also known as the '''Jama Shamsi Shahi''',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-03 |title=UP's Shamsi Shahi Masjid or Nilkanth Mahadev Temple? Know what memoirs say |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/shamsi-shahi-masjid-in-badau-hindu-maha-sabha-nilkanth-mahadev-temple-2644379-2024-12-03 |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> and the '''Great Mosque of Budaun''', is a [[Congregational mosque|Friday mosque]] built in the historic centre of [[Budaun]], in the [[Bareilly division]] of the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<br />
<br />
The mosque is a [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle|Monument of National Importance]], administered by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_uttarpradesh_agra.asp |title=List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of Agra |date= |website= |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |access-date=2016-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180402/http://www.asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_uttarpradesh_agra.asp |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and is a National Heritage Site.<br />
<br />
== Architecture ==<br />
The mosque was built in the 13th century by [[Iltutmish]], the ruler of [[Delhi Sultanate]] at that time. The style of the mosque echoes [[Iranian architecture|Persian]] and [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] architecture. It has three gates: the main gate, facing Shakeel Road, is made of red [[marble]] and is {{convert|100|ft|m|order=flip}} high. The second gate is in Farshori Tola and the third one in Sotha. It has a central dome surrounded by two more domes, and five other domes. The floor is made from white marble (''SangeMarMar''). It has a "''Hauz''" (pond) and three [[wuzu|"''WuzuKhana''"]] on its premises. Two sides of mosque are occupied by residential blocks: the Jama Masjid Quarters.<br />
<br />
The mosque is built on an elevated area called Sotha Mohalla, and is the highest structure in the town of Budaun.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-30 |title=Petition against Shamsi Shahi mosque in UP's Budaun non-maintainable, says Muslim side |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/petition-against-shamsi-shahi-mosque-in-ups-budaun-non-maintainable-says-muslim-side/articleshow/115846158.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-12-04 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
<br />
The mosque is the third oldest existing and seventh largest mosque of the country after [[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Delhi's Jama Masjid]], having a standard capacity of 23,500 worshippers. The built up part{{clarify|date=November 2015}} of the mosque is larger than any other mosque of the country. Before the expansion of Delhi's Jama Masjid, it was the largest and most famous mosque of the country. The central dome of the mosque is the largest dome of any mosque in the country.{{cn|date=May 2023}}<br />
<br />
== Links with Hinduism ==<br />
In October 2022, rightwing Hindu nationalist organisations claimed the site as one where a [[Hindu temple]] served as a foundation for the mosque. They called for demolishing the mosque for what they called reclaiming the site as a Hindu temple.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-30 |title=Thousands of mosques targeted as Hindu nationalists try to rewrite India's history |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/30/thousands-of-mosques-targeted-as-hindu-nationalists-try-to-rewrite-indias-history |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-03 |title=Budaun mosque dispute: Court asks Muslim side to complete arguments on December 10 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/budaun-mosque-dispute-court-asks-muslim-side-to-complete-arguments-on-december-10/articleshow/115944674.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-12-04 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
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== Gallery ==<br />
<gallery><br />
Jama Masjid Shamsi.jpg|A direct view from door number 2 situated on the either side of the mosque<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}<br />
* [[Islam in India]]<br />
* [[List of mosques in India]]<br />
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{commons category-inline}}<br />
<br />
{{Mosques in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1223 establishments in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:13th-century establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:13th-century mosques in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Architecture of the Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)]]<br />
[[Category:Budaun]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1223]]<br />
[[Category:Grand mosques|Budaun]]<br />
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]<br />
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1220s]]<br />
[[Category:Mosques in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Sandstone buildings in India]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nalloornad&diff=471834Nalloornad2026-02-22T20:33:22Z<p>KandacePolding: cleanup</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Nalloornad<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = <!--India Kerala--><br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Wayanad]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 16928<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 670645<br />
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL-72]]<br />
| website = <br />
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KL]]<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
''' Nalloornad ''' is a village in Mananthavady in [[Wayanad district]] in the state of Kerala, India.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=2008-12-10}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Nalloornad had a population of 16928 with 8557 males and 8371 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nalloornad Village Population - Mananthavady - Wayanad, Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/627302-nalloornad-kerala.html |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name="censusindia" /><br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Mananthavady]] <br />
* [[Thondernad]]<br />
* [[Vellamunda]]<br />
*[[Payyampally]]<br />
*[[Thavinjal]]<br />
*[[Vimalanager]]<br />
*[[Anchukunnu|Anjukunnu]]<br />
*[[Panamaram]]<br />
*[[Tharuvana]]<br />
*[[Kallody]]<br />
*[[Oorpally]]<br />
*[[Valat]]<br />
*[[Thrissilery]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Wayanad district}}<br />
{{coord missing|Kerala}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Wayanad district]]<br />
[[Category:Mananthavady Area]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Wayanad-geo-stub}}</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murshidabad_violence&diff=519218Murshidabad violence2026-02-22T19:46:23Z<p>KandacePolding: created basic stub initial version</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Violent protests in Murshidabad, West Bengal}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox civil conflict<br />
| title = Murshidabad violence<br />
| image = NCW Chairperson Smt. Vijaya Rahatkar visited Parlalpur High School, Malda to meet women affected by the exodus caused by the Murshidabad riots.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = [[National Commission for Women|NCW]] Chairperson Smt. [[Vijaya Rahatkar]] visited [[Parlalpur High School]], [[Malda district|Malda]], to meet women affected by the exodus caused by the Murshidabad riots<ref>{{cite web |title=Hon’ble NCW Chairperson Smt. Vijaya Rahatkar visited Parlalpur High School, Malda to meet women affected by the exodus caused by the Murshidabad riots. - National Commission for Women |url=https://www.ncw.gov.in/honble-ncw-chairperson-smt-vijaya-rahatkar-visited-parlalpur-high-school-malda-to-meet-women-affected-by-the-exodus-caused-by-the-murshidabad-riots/ |website=[[National Commission for Women]] |publisher=NCW Website |date=18 April 2025}}</ref><br />
| date = 8–13 April 2025<br />
| place = [[Murshidabad]], [[West Bengal]], India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|24.18|88.27|display=inline,title}}<br />
| methods = [[Protesting]], [[rioting]], [[stone throwing|stone-pelting]], [[looting]], [[arson]], [[mobbing]]<br />
| causes = [[The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025]]<br />
| injuries = 10+<ref name="indiatoday" /><br />
| fatalities = 3<ref>{{Cite web |title=3 Killed In Bengal Waqf Protests, Court Orders Deployment Of Central Forces |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/3-killed-in-clashes-linked-to-protests-against-waqf-act-in-bengals-murshidabad-police-8148399 |access-date=12 April 2025 |website=[[New Delhi TV]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
| arrests = 300+<ref name="thehindu">{{cite web |last1=Som |first1=Moyurie |title=Waqf issue violence: 22 held, Internet suspended in Bengal's Murshidabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/murshidabad-anti-waqf-bill-violence-twenty-two-arrested-internet-suspended-prohibitory-orders-imposed/article69430045.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=9 April 2025}}</ref><br />
| map_type = India West Bengal<br />
| map_label = Murshidabad district<br />
| map_caption = Location of the violence in West Bengal, India<br />
| sidebox = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Murshidabad violence''' refers to a series of violent incidents that occurred in April 2025 in the [[Murshidabad district]] of [[West Bengal]], India, following protests against the [[The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025|Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025]]. Following a gathering of [[Muslims]] which quickly turned violent, multiple homes were [[stone throwing|pelted with stones]] and vandalised. This led to unrest in the region. Many [[Hindu]] families were forced to vacate their homes, and their properties, including [[cattle]], were torched by rioters.<br />
<br />
The violence included the blocking of [[National Highway 12 (India)|National Highway 12]], the setting ablaze of police vehicles, attacks on a local [[Member of Parliament|MP]]'s office, and disruption of train services at [[Nimtita railway station]]. Over 400 Hindus, including women and children, were displaced from affected areas and took shelter in the neighbouring [[Malda district]].<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
In response, additional security forces were deployed, internet services were suspended, and the [[Calcutta High Court]] ordered the deployment of central forces to restore order. Political parties issued varied reactions, with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party – West Bengal|Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) criticizing the state government and the [[Trinamool Congress]] (TMC) alleging that the rioting was the fault of the BJP.<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
[[The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025]], was passed by both [[Parliament of India|Houses of Parliament]] following extended debates. It received presidential assent from President [[Droupadi Murmu]] on 5 April 2025 and was officially notified, coming into effect on 8 April 2025.<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web |date=11 April 2025 |title=Waqf protest turns violent in Bengal, mob throws stones at train, cops injured |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mob-throws-stone-at-train-vandalise-station-in-bengals-murshidabad-2707714-2025-04-11 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="iee" /><br />
<br />
The legislation introduced significant changes to the administration and governance of [[Waqf]] properties across the country. Critics argued that the amendments infringed upon religious freedoms and minority rights, leading to widespread concerns, particularly among Muslim communities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2025 |title=Waqf bill: India Lok Sabha passes controversial bill on Muslim properties |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwy744983e3o.amp |access-date=12 April 2025 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en-gb}}</ref><br />
<br />
In West Bengal, which has a substantial Muslim population, the Act was met with strong opposition. Various groups organized protests to express their dissatisfaction. Despite assurances from Chief Minister [[Mamata Banerjee]] that the Act would not be enforced in West Bengal, demonstrations intensified, particularly in the Murshidabad district.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
The protests, initially peaceful, soon turned violent, resulting in clashes between demonstrators and law enforcement agencies. The unrest ultimately led to casualties, property damage, and disruption of public services, prompting the intervention of central paramilitary forces following orders from the Calcutta High Court.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2025 |title=Court orders central forces' deployment in Murshidabad over Waqf-related violence |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/law-news/story/calcutta-high-court-orders-central-forces-deployment-violence-waqf-protest-bengal-murshidabad-suvendu-adhikari-plea-2708094-2025-04-12 |access-date=12 April 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Protests and violence ==<br />
The violence in the Murshidabad district began in early April 2025, following protests against the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025. Demonstrators expressed concerns over provisions in the amended law, which are believed to affect property rights and religious institutions. The protests initially started peacefully but escalated into violent clashes in areas such as [[Jangipur subdivision|Jangipur]] and [[Umrapur, West Bengal|Umarpur]].<ref name="indianexpress">{{cite web |date=12 April 2025 |title=Protest against Waqf law turns violent in Murshidabad again, TMC MP's office ransacked; BSF deployed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/protest-waqf-law-violent-murshidabad-tmc-mp-office-ransacked-9939314/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 8 April 2025, protesters blocked National Highway 12 at Umarpur, disrupting traffic and setting police vehicles on fire.<ref name="iee">{{cite web |date=9 April 2025 |title=22 arrested over violence and arson during protests against Waqf Act in Bengal's Murshidabad |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/violence-protests-waqf-act-bengals-murshidabad-9934444/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The situation deteriorated further on 11 April when demonstrators vandalized public and private vehicles, attacked the office of local [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) [[Khalilur Rahaman]], and set a police jeep ablaze. Train services were disrupted as protesters squatted on railway tracks and pelted stones at a stationary train at Nimtita railway station.<ref name="indiatoday" /><ref name="timesofindia">{{cite web |date=12 April 2025 |title=Over 110 arrested in Murshidabad in violence over Waqf Act, internet suspended, raids on in other districts: West Bengal police |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/over-110-arrested-in-murshidabad-in-violence-over-waqf-act-internet-suspended-raids-on-in-other-districts-west-bengal-police/articleshow/120225468.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 12 April, a violent attack by a mob resulted in the deaths of two members of the same family, Hargobind Das and his son Chandan Das, when their residence was targeted.<ref name="Singh">{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Moyurie Som & Shiv Sahay |date=12 April 2025 |title=Waqf act protests: Three killed in fresh violence reported from West Bengal's Murshidabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/waqf-protests-fresh-violence-reported-from-west-bengal-murshidabad-several-injured/article69442638.ece |access-date=14 April 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> According to the [[Special Investigation Team]] (SIT) report, the attackers broke down the main door, dragged out Chandan Das and Hargobind Das, and struck them in the back with an axe; a man reportedly stood guard until they died. The report also noted that in some attacks, the mob cut off the water supply to prevent fires from being extinguished. It stated, "The Islamists have burnt all the clothes in the house with the kerosene oil and the woman of the house had no clothes to cover her body."<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 May 2025 |title='TMC's anti-Hindu cruelty exposed': BJP's Sudhanshu Trivedi on fact-finding report on Murshidabad violence |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/tmc-s-anti-hindu-cruelty-exposed-bjp-s-sudhanshu-trivedi-on-fact-finding-report-on-murshidabad-violence-13037832.html |work=MoneyControl}}</ref> A 17-year-old, Izaz Ahmed Sheikh, also died after being shot during the unrest.<ref name="Singh" /> Following violent protests and communal unrest, over 400 Hindus, including women and children, fled from areas like [[Dhuliyan|Dhulian]], [[Suti]], and [[Samserganj (community development block)|Shamsherganj]] in Murshidabad district. They reportedly crossed the [[Bhagirathi River]] and took shelter at schools in Malda district, where local authorities provided temporary relief.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=15 April 2025 |title=Bengal communal violence: 'We have become refugees in our own land… We may never return' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/bengal-murshidabad-communal-violence-we-have-become-refugees-in-our-own-land-we-may-never-return-9944482/ |access-date=15 April 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2025 |title=Murshidabad residents who fled homes amid Waqf protest violence begin to return |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/west-bengal-police-update-murshidabad-unrest-returns-waqf-protest-2709030-2025-04-14 |access-date=15 April 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Waje |first=Hemant |title=Hundreds cross Bhagirathi river to flee Murshidabad violence |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/hundreds-cross-bhagirathi-river-to-flee-murshidabad-violence/20250414.htm |access-date=15 April 2025 |website=[[Rediff]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
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The violence resulted in a total of three fatalities and injuries to more than ten individuals. Over 274 people were arrested and 60 [[First Information Report|FIRs]] were lodged in connection with the unrest.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Shiv Sahay |date=17 April 2025 |title=Murshidabad violence: 274 arrested, 60 FIRs lodged |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/murshidabad-violence-274-arrested-60-firs-lodged/article69461957.ece |access-date=18 April 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Authorities imposed [[Section 144]] of the [[Code of Criminal Procedure (India)|Criminal Procedure Code]] in affected areas, restricting public gatherings, and internet services were suspended to prevent the spread of rumours.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2025 |title=Top cop warns after Bengal Waqf law violence: Stop rumour-mongering now |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/top-cop-warns-after-bengal-waqf-law-violence-stop-rumour-mongering-now-murshidabad-violence-2707965-2025-04-12 |access-date=14 April 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Response ==<br />
Following the outbreak of violence in Murshidabad, the [[Government of West Bengal]] took several measures to restore order. The state administration deployed additional police personnel to the affected areas and temporarily suspended internet services in parts of the district to prevent the spread of misinformation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Som |first=Moyurie |date=9 April 2025 |title=Waqf issue violence: 22 held, Internet suspended in Bengal's Murshidabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/murshidabad-anti-waqf-bill-violence-twenty-two-arrested-internet-suspended-prohibitory-orders-imposed/article69430045.ece/ |access-date=14 April 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee appealed for calm and stated that the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025, which had triggered the protests, would not be implemented in West Bengal.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
The Calcutta High Court directed the deployment of central forces, including units of the [[Border Security Force]] (BSF), to assist in maintaining law and order. The court also sought a status report from the state government regarding the steps taken to control the situation.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Som |first=Moyurie |date=12 April 2025 |title=Deploy Central forces in Murshidabad, says Calcutta HC |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/deploy-central-forces-in-murshidabad-says-calcutta-hc/article69443536.ece |access-date=14 April 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reactions ==<br />
[[List of leaders of the opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]] [[Suvendu Adhikari]] commented on the incident via the social media platform [[X (social network)|X]], describing the violence as a "premeditated act" by extremist elements. He stated that the events did not constitute a protest but were instead an attack on democratic institutions and governance, allegedly carried out by jihadist forces aiming to instill fear and disorder. Adhikari called for strict legal action against those responsible for the destruction of public property and for issuing threats to government officials.<ref name="financialexpress">{{cite web |date=12 April 2025 |title=Over 110 arrested after violent protests in Murshidabad against Waqf Act, tension grips West Bengal |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/over-110-arrested-after-violent-protests-in-murshidabad-against-waqf-act-tension-grips-west-bengal/3807603/ |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financialexpress]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Over 110 held in Murshidabad over Waqf Act violence, says Bengal Police |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/over-110-held-in-murshidabad-over-waqf-act-violence-says-bengal-police-125041200234_1.html |access-date=12 April 2025 |website=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Chief Minister of West Bengal]] Mamata Banerjee condemned the violence in Murshidabad and appealed for peace across all communities. She clarified that the state government would not implement the newly enacted Waqf (Amendment) Act, describing it as legislation brought by the central government, and questioned the need for protests in the state. In a message posted on X, Banerjee urged people of all religions to remain calm and refrain from engaging in any unrighteous behaviour in the name of religion. She warned against political parties allegedly trying to incite riots for political gain and assured that strict action would be taken against those responsible for the violence.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2025 |title=Won't implement Waqf law, don't incite riots for politics: Mamata Banerjee |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mamata-banerjee-murshidabad-west-bengal-peace-remain-calm-message-riots-violence-waqf-protests-chief-minister-2707977-2025-04-12 |access-date=12 April 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2025 |title=Mamata reassures Waqf Act will not be implemented in Bengal amid widespread protests |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Apr/12/mamata-reassures-waqf-act-will-not-be-implemented-in-bengal-amid-widespread-protests |access-date=12 April 2025 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal|West Bengal BJP president]] and [[Member of Parliament]] [[Sukanta Majumdar]] alleged that the state government, under Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, was failing to take appropriate action during the violence in Murshidabad linked to protests against the Waqf (Amendment) Act. He accused the police of inaction, claiming they remained silent under the Chief Minister's directives. Majumdar further alleged that Banerjee was "trying to create a Bangladesh-like situation by threatening Hindus." He added that the party was in touch with central authorities and that the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Home Minister]] had been informed of the developments.<ref name="financialexpress" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee trying to create Bangladesh by 'threatening Hindus': BJP MP Sukanta Majumdar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bengal-cm-mamata-banerjee-trying-to-create-bangladesh-by-threatening-hindus-bjp-mp-sukanta-majumdar/articleshow/120227743.cms |website=The Times of India |date=12 April 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
In May 2025, [[Governor of West Bengal|West Bengal Governor]] [[C. V. Ananda Bose]] submitted a report to the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Union Ministry of Home Affairs]] on the Murshidabad riots, raising concerns about rising radicalisation and communal instability in the region.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 May 2025 |title=Governor Submits Report on Murshidabad Riots, Highlights Radicalisation Concerns |url=https://events247.in/governor-submits-report-on-murshidabad-riots-highlights-radicalisation-concerns/ |access-date=5 May 2025 |work=Events 24/7.in |language=en }}</ref> On 5 May 2025, Mamata Banerjee visited the riot-hit areas of the Murshidabad district, where she publicly accused the BJP-led central government and the BSF of instigating communal violence.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 May 2025 |title=Mamata Banerjee Visits Riot-Hit Murshidabad, Blames BJP for Communal Tensions |url=https://events247.in/mamata-banerjee-visits-riot-hit/ |access-date=5 May 2025 |work=Events 24/7.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[2025 Nagpur violence]]<br />
* [[Shaheen Bagh protest]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Riots in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anti-Hindu riots in India]]<br />
[[Category:Politico-Religious violence in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:2025 riots]]<br />
[[Category:2025 fires in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:April 2025 in India]]<br />
[[Category:2020s in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Arson in 2025]]<br />
[[Category:Arson attacks on vehicles in India]]<br />
[[Category:Attacks on shops in India]]<br />
[[Category:Attacks on railway stations in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Commercial building fires in India]]<br />
[[Category:April 2025 crimes in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Stone pelting in India]]<br />
[[Category:Looting in India]]<br />
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Building and structure arson attacks in India]]<br />
[[Category:Murshidabad district]]<br />
[[Category:Railway accidents and incidents in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:2025 crimes in India]]<br />
[[Category:2020s political riots]]<br />
[[Category:Attacks on government buildings and structures in India]]<br />
[[Category:Attacks on office buildings in India]]<br />
[[Category:Political riots in India]]<br />
[[Category:Controversies in India]]<br />
[[Category:Political controversies in India]]<br />
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in India]]<br />
[[Category:Religious riots in India]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monica_(Tamil_actress)&diff=518356Monica (Tamil actress)2026-02-19T03:54:09Z<p>KandacePolding: created a article from scratch</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actress}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=February 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Monica<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = Monica prior to her conversion<br />
| birth_name = Rekha Maruthiraj<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|08|25|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Kottayam]], [[Kerala]], India<br />
| other_names = Rahima<br>M. G. Rahima<br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| yearsactive = 1990–1999 (Child artist) <br/> 2001–2014<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Malik|2015}}<br />
| mother = Gracy<br />
| father = Maruthi Raj<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Monica''' (born '''Rekha Maruthiraj''') is an Indian former actress, who starred predominantly in [[Tamil language]] films.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/kalki2001-05-06/page/n17/mode/2up ''Kalki'' interview]</ref> A child actor in the early 1990s, she mostly appeared in supporting roles, before taking lead roles from the late 2000s on. She is probably best known for performances in the films ''[[Azhagi (2002 film)|Azhagi]]'', ''[[Imsai Arasan 23m Pulikesi]]'' and ''[[Silandhi]]''. In 2012, she changed her name to '''Parvana''' for [[Malayalam]] films.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Monica-will-be-Parvana-in-Mollywood/articleshow/17225945.cms Monica will be Parvana in Mollywood]. ''The Times of India'' (15 January 2017). Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref> In 2014, she converted to [[Islam]], changing her name to '''M. G. Raheema''', and announced that she had quit acting.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 May 2014 |title=Monica converts to Islam and quits films |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Monica-converts-to-Islam-and-quits-films/articleshow/35832431.cms |access-date=2025-06-23 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
<br />
On 30 May 2014, Monica embraced [[Islam]] with her new name '''M. G. Raheema''' where M is Maruthi Raj (father) and G is Gracy (mother).<ref>{{cite web |last=Sameer |date=19 October 2015 |title=Tamil actress Monika converts to Islam and quits cinema |url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/tamil-actress-monika-converts-islam-and-quits-cinema-854472/ |access-date=20 April 2021 |website=The Siasat Daily – Archive |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 June 2014 |title=Film star plans marriage after embracing Islam |url=https://www.arabnews.com/news/580606 |access-date=20 April 2021 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> Monika's father is [[Hindus|Hindu]] and mother is a [[Christianity|Christian]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150312225438/http://jafrianews.com/2014/06/04/another-indian-actress-converts-to-islam-quits-films/ Another Indian Actress Converts to Islam, quits films]. ''Jafria News''. 4 June 2014</ref><br />
<br />
Rahima married Malik, a Chennai-based entrepreneur who hails from [[Salem district|Salem]]. Malik is into import and export of electronic items.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.takkari.net/2015/01/monica-alias-m-g-rahima-married.html |title=Rahima ties the knot |date=11 January 2015 |accessdate=11 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119120555/http://www.takkari.net/2015/01/monica-alias-m-g-rahima-married.html |archive-date=19 January 2015 |url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- <br />
! Year !! Movie !! Role !! Language !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1990 || ''[[Avasara Police 100]]'' || || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|1991 || ''[[Uncle Bun]]'' || Maria || [[Malayalam]] || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bramma]]'' || || Tamil || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|1992 || ''[[Chanti (1992 film)|Chanti]]'' || || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Endrum Anbudan]]'' || Mallu || Tamil || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pandiyan (film)|Pandiyan]]'' || Priya || Tamil || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| 1993 || ''[[Sakkarai Devan]]'' || || Tamil || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=4|1994 || ''[[En Aasai Machan]]'' || Thayamma (child) || Tamil || Winner, [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Child Star]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Maindhan (1994 film)|Maindhan]]'' || || Tamil || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Manju Virattu (film)|Manju Virattu]]'' || Poovazhagi (child) || Tamil || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Varavu Ettana Selavu Pathana]]'' || Patma || Tamil || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |1995 || ''[[Sathi Leelavathi (1995 film)|Sathi Leelavathi]]'' || || Tamil || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Indira (film)|Indira]]'' || Younger Indira || Tamil || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Chellakannu]]'' || Younger Chandra || Tamil || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|1997 || ''[[Iruvar]]'' || Manimegalai || Tamil || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pasamulla Pandiyare]]''|| || Tamil || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
| 1998 || ''[[Moovendhar]]'' ||Uma's sister || Tamil || Child actress<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|2001 ||''[[Theerthadanam]]'' || Younger Vinodhini || Malayalam || Child Actress<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Love Channel]]'' || Rajeswari || Tamil || Debut as Heroine <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[12B]]'' || Shakti's coworker || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=6|2002 || ''[[Azhagi (2002 film)|Azhagi]]'' || Younger Dhanalakshmi || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kadhal Azhivathillai]]'' || Monica || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Phantom Pailey]]'' || Hema || Malayalam ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Siva Rama Raju]]'' || Swathi || Telugu ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Otte Ee Ammai Evaru Teleedu]]'' || Savitri || Telugu ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bagavathi]]'' || Priya || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|2003 || ''[[Banda Paramasivam]]'' || Shenbagam || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Maa Alludu Very Good]]'' || Meghana || Telugu ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Inidhu Inidhu Kadhal Inidhu]]'' || Deepika || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|2004 || ''[[Kanninum Kannadikkum]]'' || Abhirami || Malayalam ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Koduku]]'' || Usha || Telugu ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=4|2005 || ''[[Are (film)|Are]]'' || || Telugu ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Daas (2005 film)|Daas]]'' || Punitha || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sandakozhi]]'' || Balu's cousin || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Selvam (2005 film)|Selvam]]'' || || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2006 || ''[[Imsai Arasan 23rd Pulikecei]]'' || Vasantha Sundari || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Paisalo Paramatma]]'' || || Telugu ||<br />
|-<br />
|2007 || ''[[Chilanthy]]'' || || Malayalam ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|2008 || ''[[Thodakkam]]'' || Gayathri || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rosa Kale]]'' || Nimsara || [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Silandhi]]'' || Monika || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2009 || ''[[A Aa E Ee (2009 Tamil film)|A Aa E Ee]]'' || Anitha || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Devaru Kotta Thangi (2009 film)|Devaru Kotta Thangi]]'' || Gowri || Kannada ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2010 ||''[[Gowravargal]]'' || Poongodi || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Hrudayadalli Idenidu'' || Geetha || Kannada ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=4|2011 || ''[[Muthukku Muthaaga]]'' || Annamayil || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nanjupuram]]'' || Malar || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Varnam (2011 film)|Varnam]]'' || Kavitha || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kalla Malla Sulla]]'' || Pooja || Kannada ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || ''[[916 (film)|916]]'' || Lekshmi || Malayalam ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=4|2013 || ''[[Kurumbukara Pasanga]]'' || Sindhu || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Benki Birugali (2013 film)|Benki Birugali]]'' || || Kannada ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Suvadugal]]'' || || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jannal Oram]]'' || Bus Conductress || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|2014 || ''[[Thalaivan]]'' || || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ninaithathu Yaaro]]'' || Herself || Tamil || Cameo appearance<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Madipakkam Madhavan]]'' || Herself || Tamil || Guest appearance<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''[[Nathikal Nanaivathillai]]'' || || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || ''[[Meera Jaakirathai]]'' || Meera || Tamil ||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|nm1226443}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Monica}}<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:People from Tirunelveli]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Child actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Child actresses in Malayalam cinema]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:1985 births]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]<br />
[[Category:Converts to Islam]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramesh_Inder_Singh&diff=529257Ramesh Inder Singh2026-02-05T05:26:50Z<p>KandacePolding: starting biography - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Civil Servant}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Ramesh Inder Singh<br />
| image = <br />
| imagesize = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = Punjab, India<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| restingplace = <br />
| restingplacecoordinates = <br />
| othername = <br />
| occupation = Civil servant<br />
| yearsactive = <br />
| known for = <br />
| spouse = <br />
| domesticpartner = <br />
| children = <br />
| parents = <br />
| website = <br />
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Ramesh Inder Singh''' is a former [[Indian Administrative Service|Indian civil servant]] and the incumbent Chief Information Commissioner of the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref name="ISB profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.isb.edu/pinnacle-2013/speakers | title=ISB profile | publisher=Indian School of Business | date=2015 | accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="Pvt bodies">{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/pvt-bodies-ngos-that-get-govt-aid-are-under-rti-act-cic/ | title=Pvt bodies, NGOs that get govt aid are under RTI Act | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=13 March 2011 | accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref> He was the Deputy Commissioner of [[Amritsar]] during the [[Operation Blue Star]], the military action at the [[Golden Temple, Amritsar, India|Golden Temple]] in 1984<ref name="Many supporters of Operation Bluestar enjoyed SAD patronage post-1997">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Many-supporters-of-Operation-Bluestar-enjoyed-SAD-patronage-post-1997/articleshow/30645308.cms | title=Many supporters of Operation Bluestar enjoyed SAD patronage post-1997 | newspaper=Times of India | date=19 February 2014 | accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref> and has served as the Chief Secretary of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref name="Ramesh Inder Singh, IAS, Chief Secretary Punjab">{{cite web | url=http://dvnews.skyrock.com/1492186344-Mr-Ramesh-Inder-Singh-IAS-Chief-Secretary-Punjab-presiding-over-a.html | title=Ramesh Inder Singh, IAS, Chief Secretary Punjab | publisher=DV News | date=22 January 2008 | accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1986.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | accessdate=21 July 2015 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
[[File:Ramesh inder singh.jpg|thumb|]]<br />
==Biography==<br />
Singh secured his master's degree in Political Science and a law degree from the [[University of Delhi]] to start his career as a member of faculty of political science at his alma mater.<ref name="ISB profile" /> Later, he worked as a consultant with the [[World Bank]] before entering the [[Indian Administrative Service]] in 1974 from the [[West Bengal]] Cadre.<ref name="ISB profile" /> he was joined to Punjab in July 1978 and posted as ADC Faridkot in August 1978. after he served as ADC sangrur and Director rural Development and Panchayat Raj. He was taken charge on 4 June 1984 from Sar Gurdev singh Brar as the Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar, and he held several posts such as Principal Secretary to [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]], Principal Secretary at the Department of Industries, Punjab, Managing Director of Punjab State Industrial Development Corporation and the Director General of Punjab Markfed. He also worked as the secretary with the [[Union government of India|Union Government]] at the Department of Labour and Employment and Department of Cooperation and headed the [[Employees' State Insurance]] Corporation.<ref name="ISB profile" /><br />
<br />
In 2007, Singh was made the Chief Secretary of Punjab during the [[Prakash Singh Badal]] ministry.<ref name="Many supporters of Operation Bluestar enjoyed SAD patronage post-1997" /> Before his superannuation on 30 September 2009, he was appointed as the Chief Information Commissioner of the state, a post he has been holding since then.<ref name="Ramesh Inder is Chief Info Commissioner">{{cite web | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090528/punjab.htm#2 | title=Ramesh Inder is Chief Info Commissioner | publisher=Tribune | date=27 May 2009 | accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="Special Lecture on Right to Information: Law, Policy & Perspectives">{{cite web | url=http://www.itmindia.edu/school_of_law/pdf/special_lectures/Right-to-Information-Act-Mr.RameshInderSingh-IAS-Chief-Information-Commissioner-State-of-Punjab.pdf | title=Special Lecture on Right to Information: Law, Policy & Perspectives | publisher=ITM University | date=2015 | accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref> He is recipient of the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]], which he received in 1986.<ref name="Padma Awards" /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* [[Operation Blue Star]]<br />
* [[Golden Temple, Amritsar, India|Golden Temple]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
{{Portal|India}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Civil Service}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ramesh Inder}}<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in civil service]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]<br />
[[Category:World Bank people]]<br />
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Academic staff of Delhi University]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=UP65&diff=542238UP652026-02-05T04:53:11Z<p>KandacePolding: new</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2023 comedy drama series}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = UP65 comedy series.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| genre = {{ubl|Drama|Comedy|}}<br />
| director = Gaganjeet Singh<br />
| story = <br />
| creator = [[Nikhil Sachan]]<br />
| writer = [[Nikhil Sachan]]<br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Shine Pandey <br />
* Pragati Mishra <br />
* Abbas Ali Ghaznavi <br />
* Jay Thakkar<br />
* Priitamm Jaiswal<br />
* Ria Nalavade<br />
* Anmol Jyotir<br />
* Abhishek Reddy<br />
* Chunmun Kumar<br />
}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| executive_producer = <br />
| producer = <br />
| composer = <br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editor = <br />
| company = <br />
| network = [[Jio TV]]<br />
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2023|06|08}}<br />
| last_aired = <br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = 27<br />
| list_episodes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''UP65''''' is a Hindi [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]] series that debuted on [[Jio TV]] on 8 June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UP 65 Web Series Trailer: आइआइटी, घाट और बनारस का बेपरवाह मिजाज, रिलीज हुआ यूपी 65 का ट्रेलर - UP 65 Web Series Trailer Out Jio Cinema show streaming from 8th June On Jio Cinema For Free |url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/web-series-review-up-65-web-series-trailer-out-jio-cinema-show-streaming-from-8th-june-on-jio-cinema-for-free-23430506.html |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> Directed by Gaganjeet Singh, the show is based on the novel of the same name by [[Nikhil Sachan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=हॉस्टल लाइफ पर बनी एक बेहूदा वेब सीरीज, बीएचयू आईआईटी के नाम पर लगाया धब्बा |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/movie-review/up-65-review-a-ridiculous-web-series-on-hostel-life-smeared-in-the-name-of-bhu-iit-2023-06-08?pageId=4 |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> The cast includes Shine Pandey, Pragati Mishra,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poddar |first=Atreyee |date=2023-06-20 |title=Thespian Pragati Mishra lights up UP-65 on OTT |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/tv/2023/Jun/20/thespian-pragati-mishra-lights-up-up-65-on-jio-cinema-50156.html |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref> Abbas Ali Ghaznavi, [[Jay Thakkar]], Priitamm Jaiswal, Ria Nalavade, Anmol Jyotir,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-05 |title=UP65 star Anmoll Jyotir on nepotism: Hamari industry main grouping ek cheez hai which...'{{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/up65-star-anmoll-jyotir-on-nepotism-hamari-industry-main-grouping-ek-cheez-hai-which-exclusive-2388908-2023-06-05 |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Abhishek Reddy, and Chunmun Kumar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-09 |title=EXCL! Shine Pandey Reveals He Had ALMOST Rejected Dehati Ladke: I Wasn't Sure I Should Be Doing This |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/excl-shine-pandey-reveals-he-had-almost-rejected-dehati-ladke-i-wasnt-sure-i-should-be-doing-this-article-106665823 |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> Set in [[Varanasi]], the series follows engineering students and their friendships, dreams, and struggles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-22 |title=Debutante Shine Pandey to essay an IITian in 'UP65' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/debutante-shine-pandey-to-essay-an-iitian-in-up65/articleshow/99685404.cms |access-date=2024-11-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title='UP65' OTT Release Date: Here's When And Where You Can Watch This Heart-Warming College Drama Set In IIT-BHU |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/up65-ott-release-date-heres-when-and-where-you-can-watch-this-heart-warming-college-drama-set-in-iitbhu-jiocinema-yupi-65-nikhil-sachan-10081367 |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Saxena |first=Deep |date=17 September 2023 |title=UP65 actor Shine Pandey: Uttar Pradesh has been karmabhoomi for me |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/up65-actor-shine-pandey-uttar-pradesh-has-been-karmabhoomi-for-me-101694948635695.html |work=Hindustantimes}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot summary ==<br />
The story follows a group of engineering students from different backgrounds, focusing on Nishant (Shine Pandey), a serious student. He tries to balance his academic life with the carefree lifestyle of his hostel mates, who enjoy having fun and going out, but eventually, they pull him into their world.<br />
<br />
== Cast and characters ==<br />
<br />
* Shine Pandey as Nishant<br />
* Pragati Mishra as Shubhra<br />
* Abbas Ali Ghaznavi as Prasad<br />
* [[Jay Thakkar]] as Mohit<br />
* Priitamm Jaiswal as Pandey<br />
* Ria Nalavade as Antari<br />
* Anmol Jyotir as Akhil<br />
* Abhishek Reddy as Pablo<br />
* Chunmun Kumar as Librarian<br />
<br />
== Critical reception ==<br />
Archika Khurana reviewed ''UP65'' for the ''[[The Times of India|Times of India]]'' and rated it 2 stars out of 5. She noted "While there is no doubt that the topic has potential and has been explored earlier, its execution fell short when compared to series such as ‘Kota Factory’ and others that focus on the day-to-day lives of engineering students. ‘UP65’ struggles to stand out in the genre, offering little in the way of novelty or a unique storyline."<ref>{{Cite news |title=UP65 Season 1 Review : This engineering student drama fell short of expectations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/up65/up65-season-1/seasonreview/100765495.cms |access-date=2024-11-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
Palak Shukla of ''[[Amar Ujala]]'' gave a harsher critique, rating the series 1.5 stars out of 5. Shukla described it as "A ridiculous web series based on hostel life, a blot on the name of BHU IIT."<ref>{{Cite web |title=हॉस्टल लाइफ पर बनी एक बेहूदा वेब सीरीज, बीएचयू आईआईटी के नाम पर लगाया धब्बा |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/movie-review/up-65-review-a-ridiculous-web-series-on-hostel-life-smeared-in-the-name-of-bhu-iit-2023-06-08 |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|tt27908694}}<br />
* ''[https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/up65/3758866 UP65]'' at [[Jio TV]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian web series]]<br />
[[Category:2023 web series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:Comedy-drama web series]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=S._Sekar&diff=531334S. Sekar2026-02-05T00:01:45Z<p>KandacePolding: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = S. Sekar<br />
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start = 12 May 2021<br />
| term_end =<br />
| constituency = [[Paramathi-Velur Assembly constituency|Paramathi-Velur]]<br />
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br />
| predecessor = K. S. Moorthiy<br />
| successor = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''S. Sekar''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] politician.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sekar S(AIADMK):Constituency- PARAMATHIVELUR(NAMAKKAL) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/TamilNadu2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=573|access-date=2021-05-10|website=myneta.info}}</ref> He is a member of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party.<ref name="news18.com">{{Cite web|title=Sekar S {{!}} Tamil Nadu Assembly Election Results Live, Candidates News, Videos, Photos|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/sekar-s-paramathivelur-candidate-s22a095c002/|access-date=2021-05-10|website=News18}}</ref> He was elected as a member of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from [[Paramathi Velur (Namakkal district)|Paramathi-Velur]] Constituency in May 2021.<ref name="news18.com"/><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211222055755/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC095.pdf |url= https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC095.pdf|access-date= 2 May 2022 |archive-date=22 Dec 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Paramathi-Velur Election Result |url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a095|access-date= 2 May 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Elections contested ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Constituency<br />
! Party<br />
! Result<br />
! Vote %<br />
! Runner-up<br />
! Runner-up Party<br />
! Runner-up vote %<br />
! Ref.<br />
|- style="background:#cfc;"<br />
|bgcolor=#98FB98 | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] || [[Paramathi-Velur Assembly constituency|Paramathi-Velur]]|| [[ADMK]] || Won ||47.08% || K. S. Moorthiy|| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] || 42.89%|| <ref name=":0" /><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sekar, S.}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alekhya_Punjala&diff=485474Alekhya Punjala2026-01-27T18:25:04Z<p>KandacePolding: put up some stub initial version...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Kuchipudi Dancer Natya Garuvu}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Alekhya Punjala<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| alias = <br />
| image = Alekhya Punjala in Rudrama Dance Ballet at Telangana Formation Day Celebrations in Ravindra Bharathi (02.06.2017) 01.jpg<br />
| caption = Alekhya Punjala as Rudrama Devi in a Kuchupidi performance<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1962|04|09}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place =<br />
| parents = <br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
| occupation = [[Kuchipudi]] and [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer, Dance teacher and choreographer<br />
| known for = <br />
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]<br/>[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<br/>[[Hamsa Award]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Alekhya Punjala''' is an [[Indian classical dance]]r, choreographer and dance teacher from [[Telangana]]. She is an exponent in [[Kuchipudi]] and [[Bharatanatyam]]. She has received the Ugadi Vishishtha Award and the [[Hamsa Award]] from the [[Andhra Pradesh government]]. She received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for Kuchipudi in 2011. She has also been awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by the Government of India.<br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Alekhya was born on 9 April 1962, in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India.<ref name="eoibudapest">{{cite web |title=Amrita Sher-Gil Cultural Centre, Budapest, Hungary |url=https://www.eoibudapest.gov.in/ascc/news_detail/?newsid=208 |website=www.eoibudapest.gov.in |publisher=[[Government of India]]}}</ref> Her husband P. Vinay Kumar is a surgeon-gastroenterologist.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Swati |date=2014-11-22 |title=A Love Story Directed by Friends |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2014/Nov/22/2014-685443.html |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2021-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707155138/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2014/nov/22/2014-685443.html |url-status=live }}</ref> They married in 1982 and the couple has two sons, Sashwath Punjala and Devansh Punjala.<ref>{{cite news |title=The danseuse as a teacher |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/The-danseuse-as-a-teacher/article16183663.ece |work=The Hindu |date=3 July 2010 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Alekhya Punjala is a [[Kuchipudi]] and [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer from [[Telangana]]. She began her dance studies at the age of four while studying in a [[Montessori education|Montessori]] school in [[Hyderabad]], under Dayal Sharan, the dance teacher of the school.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devoted to dance |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/137155/devoted-dance.html |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> She said that Dayal intended to teach her [[Odissi]] and [[Kathak]], but she became interested in Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Alekhya's passion for tradition |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/alekhyas-passion-for-tradition/article7633331.ece |work=The Hindu |date=10 September 2015 |language=en-IN |archive-date=14 May 2019 |access-date=15 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514125528/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/alekhyas-passion-for-tradition/article7633331.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Indian Express2">{{cite news |last1=Chakravorty |first1=Reshmi |title=Dr Alekhya Punjala appointed chairperson of Telangana Sangeetha Nataka Academy |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2024/Aug/01/dr-alekhya-punjala-appointed-chairperson-of-telangana-sangeetha-nataka-academy |work=The New Indian Express |date=1 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Later, she trained in Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam under [[Uma Rama Rao]], and in abhinaya (acting) under Guru Pashumarthi Krishnamurthy.<ref name="eoibudapest"/> She has been performing classical dance since her arangetram (first stage performance) in 1977, which was on the occasion of silver jubilee celebrations of the [[Indian National Theatre]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Get Inspired by Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam Dancer Prof. Alekhya Punjala |url=https://stories.workmob.com/prof-alekhya-punjala-arts-entertainment |website=stories.workmob.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Scholar of abhinaya |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/scholar-of-abhinaya/article2514633.ece |work=The Hindu |date=6 October 2011 |language=en-IN |archive-date=30 December 2024 |access-date=15 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241230163739/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/scholar-of-abhinaya/article2514633.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Alekhya holds a bachelor's degree in English literature, psychology, and philosophy; a master's degree in dance (Bharatanatyam) from [[Osmania University]]; and a master's degree in ancient Indian history, culture, and archaeology.<ref name="Indian Express">{{cite news |last1=Chakravorty |first1=Reshmi |title=I am rearing ahead in full speed: Kuchipudi dance exponent Dr Alekhya Punjala |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2022/Aug/24/i-am-rearing-aheadin-full-speedkuchipudi-dance-exponent-dr-alekhya-punjala-2491005.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=24 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Alekhya received her PhD for her study of the acting aspect of Kuchipudi dance, with title ''Kshetrayya Padams and their importance in Abhinaya in Kuchipudi Dance''.<ref name="Indian Express"/><ref name="eoibudapest"/> She was a student at [[Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University]] and later became Professor and Head of the Department of Dance. She then became the university's first woman registrar.<ref name="Indian Express"/><ref name="eoibudapest"/> Later, to focus on teaching and performing, she took voluntary retirement from her position as registrar at the university.<ref name="Indian Express"/><br />
<br />
Alekhya is one of the top ranked artist of [[Doordarshan]] and also a panel member of [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]].<ref name="Hindu" /> In 2024, Alekhya Punjala was appointed as the chairperson of Telangana Sangeetha Nataka Academy.<ref name="Indian Express2"/><br />
<br />
She also runs a dance school called Trishna.<ref name="Hindu" /><br />
<br />
==Notable performances==<br />
The 90-minute dance drama depicting [[Mandodari]], the wife of [[Ravana]], performed on the sixth day of Kalasagaram's annual festival, was noted.<ref>{{cite news |title=Alekhya retells Ravana's Mandodari's dilemma |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/alekhya-retells-ravanas-mandodaris-dilemma-1844692 |work=www.deccanchronicle.com |date=6 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Her dance performance as [[Rudrama Devi]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Dance like a warrior |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/dance-drama-rudramma-devi/article7611397.ece |work=The Hindu |date=3 September 2015 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |last1=Srihari |first1=Gudipoodi |title=Alekhya Punjala:The Rudrama of dance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/the-hindu-friday-review-telangana/article30535281.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=10 January 2020 |language=en-IN |archive-date=4 March 2020 |access-date=15 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304194348/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/the-hindu-friday-review-telangana/article30535281.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Dushala]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jaffer |first1=Askari |title=The implicit truth! |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/featured/women/the-implicit-truth-837097 |work=www.thehansindia.com |date=12 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Chakali Ilamma]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Chakali Ailamma to come to life on Sept 10 |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/chakali-ailamma-to-come-to-life-on-sept-10-905090 |work=www.thehansindia.com |date=7 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> are also noteworthy. She has performed many works in Kuchipudi dance form, including [[Annamacharya]] [[Kirtan]]s, poems of [[Kshetrayya]], works of [[Tyagaraja|Thyagaraja]], [[Narayana Teertha]], [[Rabindranath Tagore]]'s works, and also choreographed on themes such as 'Bhakti Movement in Dance'.<ref name="Hindu"/><br />
<br />
==Awards and honors==<br />
Alekhya is a recipient of the Pratibha Rajiv Puraskar (2009), Ugadi Vishishtha Award (2002) and the [[Hamsa Award]] from the [[Andhra Pradesh government]].<ref name="Indian Express"/> She received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for Kuchipudi in 2011.<ref name="eoibudapest"/> In 2015 she received the Telangana State Award in arts.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-05-31 |title=KCR announces Telangana State Awards |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150531/nation-current-affairs/article/kcr-announces-telangana-state-awards |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref> She has also been awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by the Government of India.<ref name="Indian Express3">{{cite news |last1=Tiwari |first1=Reshmi Chakravorty , Mayank |title=Magic of dance |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/2023/Apr/29/magic-ofdance-2570363.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=29 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
At a function held to mark the 75th anniversary of Indian Independence, Alekhya Punjala was honoured by then Telangana Chief Minister [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]] for her contributions to the field of dance.<ref name="Indian Express"/> The Sahitya Peetha of Andhra Pradesh honored her with the title of "Abhinaya Tapaswini".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Swati |title=A Stunning Diversion in Dance |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2014/Oct/18/a-stunning-diversion-in-dance-673112.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=18 October 2014 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Punjala, Alekhya}}<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<br />
[[Category:Kuchipudi dancers]]<br />
[[Category:1962 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]<br />
[[Category:People from Hyderabad, India]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._A._Pathan&diff=513835M. A. Pathan2026-01-24T13:14:26Z<p>KandacePolding: created the article added tags</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian businessman (born 1942)}}<br />
{{Orphan|date=August 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox scientist<br />
| name = M. A. Pathan<br />
| image = MA Pathan.jpg<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| caption =<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1942|03|09}}<br />
| birth_place = [[British Raj]]<br />
| alma_mater = B.A. (Hons.)<br />
| spouse = Shobha Pathan<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''M. A. Pathan''' (born 9 March 1942) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] businessman who served as the chairman of [[Indian Oil Corporation|Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.]] from 1997 to 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |title=M A Pathan Business Photo M A Pathan, Chairman, Petrole... |url=https://timescontent.timesofindia.com/photo/business/M-A-Pathan/15039 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Times Of India |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iocl.com/AboutUs/PastLeaders.aspx|title=IndianOil Corporation - Past Leaders of IndianOil|work=iocl.com}}</ref> He later served as Chairman of the Petroleum Federation of India (PetroFed) 2002 to 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/ma-pathan-is-new-petrofed-chairman/61394|title=MA Pathan Is New PetroFed Chairman|author=|work=The Financial Express|accessdate=18 October 2002}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Pathan joined [[Indian Oil Corporation|Indian Oil]] in the year 1962 and held several leadership positions, including chairman of [[Indian Oil Corporation|Indian Oil Corporation Ltd]]. He was also Group Resident Director, [[Delhi]] with [[Tata Group|TATAs]] from November 2002 - to September 2007).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/MA-Pathan-is-Tata-Groups-Delhi-resident-director/articleshow/25786638.cms|title=MA Pathan is Tata Group's Delhi resident director|work=The Times of India|date=21 October 2002 |access-date=21 October 2002}}</ref><br />
<br />
He was also a strategic advisor in IOT Infrastructure & Energy Services Ltd. from September 2002 to March 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaenergyforum.org/national-advisory-board.php|title=INDIA ENERGY FORUM|work=indiaenergyforum.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
*New Millennium Top CEO Award for Excellence<ref name="tribuneindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000124/biz.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Business-Top CEO of the year|publisher=tribuneindia.com|accessdate=24 January 2001}}</ref><br />
*[[Dadabhai Naoroji]] New Millennium Award<br />
*National Citizen's Award (2001)<ref name="milligazette">{{cite web|url=http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/01102001/awards.htm|title=Awards, The Milli Gazette, Vol. 2 No. 19|author=The Milli Gazette, OPI, Pharos Media|publisher=milligazette.com|accessdate=25 August 2001}}</ref><br />
*Best Industrial Manager Award (2000–2001)<ref name="thehindubusinessline">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2001/11/06/stories/0206183g.htm|title=IOC Chairman awarded|publisher=thehindubusinessline.com|accessdate=6 November 2001}}</ref><br />
*[[Mother Teresa Award]] – For Corporation Citizen (2001)<ref name="thehindubusinessline2">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/bline/2002/03/23/stories/2002032302411700.htm|title=The Hindu Business Line : Chennai Engagements|publisher=thehindubusinessline.com|accessdate=23 March 2001}}</ref><br />
*CEPM – PMA Honorary Fellowship (2002) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-11 |title=Honorary Fellows – National/International – CEPM |url=https://www.cepm.com/honorary-fellows-national-international/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
*Petrotech Lifetime Achievement Award in Oil & Gas Sector (2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/photoright.aspx?phid=42844|title=The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Life Time Achievement Award to Shri M.A. Pathan, at the 10th International Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition - Petrotech-2012, in New Delhi on October 15, 2012. The Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas, Shri Jaipal Reddy, the Minister of State for Petroleum and Natural Gas and Corporate Affairs, Shri R.P.N. Singh and the Chairman, Indian Oil, Shri R.S. Butola are also seen.|work=pib.nic.in|accessdate=15 October 2012}}</ref><ref>http://www.petrotechsociety.org/images/Journal/Oct_Dec__12.pdf | Petrotech Journal, Page No 12</ref><br />
*Hall of Fame, Leadership & Excellence Award in Oil & Gas (2014)<ref>http://www.chemtech-online.com/events/chemtech/pdf/EXCELLENCE_April_2014.pdf | Page 8</ref><br />
*Global Excellence Award in Petroleum Sector (2015)<ref name="worldpetrocoal">{{cite web|url=http://worldpetrocoal.com/html/Global-excellence-award-2015.html|title=flash/recepients-excellence-award|publisher=worldpetrocoal.com|work= first two images |accessdate=15 February 2015}}</ref><br />
*Life Time Achievement Award in Oil & Gas (Urja Sangam 2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engineersindia.com/photo-gallery/m-235|title=Felicitation of Shri MA Pathan at Urja Sangam 2015|work=Second image in tenth row|accessdate=27 March 2015}}</ref><br />
*Meritorious Energy Service Award for his exemplary services to Indian Energy Sector by the India Energy Forum (2017) <ref>{{Cite web| title=India Energy Forum - Footprints 2018 | url=https://www.indiaenergyforum.org/docs/IEF%20Foot%20Print%202019_6th%20Draft.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124015222/http://indiaenergyforum.org/docs/IEF%20Foot%20Print%202019_6th%20Draft.pdf | archive-date=2022-01-24}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pathan, M. A.}}<br />
[[Category:1942 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malavika_Sarukkai&diff=515361Malavika Sarukkai2026-01-12T04:19:08Z<p>KandacePolding: created some info nd citations</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Malavika Sarukkai<br />
| image = Malavika Sarukkai 5949193331 a383147dc2 o (cropped).jpg<br />
| imagesize = Sarukkai in 1995<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = 1959<br />
| birth_place = Tamil Nadu, India<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| restingplace = <br />
| restingplacecoordinates = <br />
| othername = <br />
| occupation = Classical dancer<br />
| yearsactive = <br />
| known for = [[Bharatanatyam]]<br />
| spouse = <br />
| domesticpartner = <br />
| children = <br />
| parents = <br />
| website = {{url||web site}}<br />
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2003)<br />
}}<br />
[[File:Malavika Sarukkai 5949249667 538be24a39 o (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Malavika meeting United States First Lady [[Hillary Clinton]] in 1995]] <br />
'''Malavika Sarukkai''' (born 1959) is an Indian classical dancer and choreographer specializing in [[Bharatanatyam]].<ref name="INK Talks">{{cite web | url=http://www.inktalks.com/people/malavikasarukkai | title=INK Talks | publisher=INK Talks | date=2015 | accessdate=8 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Kennedy Center">{{cite web | url=https://www.kennedy-center.org/explorer/artists/?entity_id=62204&source_type=A## | title=Kennedy Center | publisher=Kennedy Center | date=2015 | accessdate=8 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Walk The Talk with Malavika Sarukkai">{{cite web | url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/walk-the-talk/walk-the-talk-with-malavika-sarukkai-aired-february-2006/294826 | title=Walk The Talk with Malavika Sarukkai | publisher=[[NDTV]] | date=February 2006 | accessdate=8 February 2015}}</ref> She is the winner of the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (2002).<ref name="Sangeet Natak AKademi Award">{{cite web|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |title=Sangeet Natak AKademi Award |publisher=Sangeet Natak AKademi |date=2015 |accessdate=8 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204253/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |archivedate=30 May 2015 }}</ref> In 2003, she was awarded by the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth-highest Indian civilian award.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Padma Awards |date=2015 |accessdate=6 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archivedate=15 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Malavika Sarukkai was born in 1959 in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Historical dictionary of the Tamils">{{cite book | url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=9780810853799&qt=owc_search | title=Historical dictionary of the Tamils | publisher=Lanham, Md. : Scarecrow Press | author=Vijaya Ramaswamy | year=2007 | isbn=9780810853799}}</ref> She began learning [[Bharatanatyam]] at the age of 7 and trained under Kalyanasundaram Pillai(Tanjavur school) and Rajaratnam (Vazhuvoor School).<ref name="Indian Arts">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiansarts.com/malavikapage.htm | title=Indian Arts | publisher=Indian Arts | date=2015 | accessdate=8 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Bengal Foundation">{{cite web | url=http://www.bengalfoundation.org/?post_type=singer&p=33886 | title=Bengal Foundation | publisher=Bengal Foundation | date=2015 | accessdate=8 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208202920/http://www.bengalfoundation.org/?post_type=singer&p=33886 | archive-date=8 February 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Interview">{{cite interview | title=Interview | date=2015 | accessdate=8 February 2015 | last=Malavika Sarukkai | interviewer=Veejay Sai | url=http://www.artindia.net/veejay9.html}}</ref> She also learned [[abhinaya]] under [[Kalanidhi Narayanan]] and [[Odissi]] under renowned gurus, [[Kelucharan Mohapatra]] and Ramani Ranjan Jena.<ref name="Indian Arts" /><ref name="Bengal Foundation" /><ref name="Interview" /> She made her debut at the age of 12 at Mumbai<ref name="Indian Arts" /><ref name="Blouin Art Info">{{cite web | url=http://in.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/958960/dancer-malavika-sarukkai-in-the-unseen-sequence | title=Blouin Art Info | publisher=Blouin Art Info | date=2015 | accessdate=8 February 2015 | archive-date=8 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208211805/http://in.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/958960/dancer-malavika-sarukkai-in-the-unseen-sequence | url-status=dead }}</ref> and has performed at many places in India<ref name="Malavika Sarukkai: A tribute to Thimmakka">{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIfmI27Nh_Q | title=Malavika Sarukkai: A tribute to Thimmakka | publisher=INKTalks | date=13 November 2013 | accessdate=8 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Padmashri Malavika Sarukkai Performs Bharatanatyam - Yaksha 2014">{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCqj77FcSLU | title=Padmashri Malavika Sarukkai Performs Bharatanatyam - Yaksha 2014 | publisher=Isha Foundation | date=21 February 2014 | accessdate=8 February 2015}}</ref> and abroad,<ref name="Canary Promo">{{cite web | url=http://www.canarypromo.com/pressrelease/MalavikaSarukkai | title=Canary Promo | publisher=Canary Promo | date=2015 | accessdate=8 February 2015 | archive-date=8 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208203152/http://www.canarypromo.com/pressrelease/MalavikaSarukkai | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="TOI India performance">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Dance-has-been-my-life-since-I-was-7-Malavika-Sarukkai/articleshow/14422225.cms | title=TOI India performance | publisher=TOI | date=27 June 2012 | accessdate=8 February 2015}}</ref> including the [[Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts]], New York,<ref name="Huffington Post">{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ramaa-reddy-raghavan/malavika-sarukkai-achievi_b_4486246.html | title=Huffington Post | publisher=Huffington Post | date=21 December 2013 | accessdate=8 February 2015}}</ref> [[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts]]<ref name="New York Times">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/19/arts/dance/malavika-sarukkai-at-the-baryshnikov-arts-center.html?_r=0 | title=Stories Told With a Leap, Even a Shake | newspaper=New York Times | date=18 November 2012 | first=Brian | last=Seibert | accessdate=18 May 2017}}</ref> and at Chicago.<ref name="Pulse Connects">{{cite web | url=http://www.pulseconnects.com/content/ConversationMalavikaSarukkai | title=Pulse Connects | publisher=Pulse Connects | date=2015 | accessdate=8 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208202800/http://www.pulseconnects.com/content/ConversationMalavikaSarukkai | archive-date=8 February 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Her life and work have been recorded by way of a documentary, ''Samarpanam'', commissioned by the [[Government of India]].<ref name="Indian Arts" /><ref name="Bengal Foundation" /><ref name="Canary Promo" /> She also features in a nine-hour television documentary by [[BBC]]/[[WNET]] under the title, ''Dancing''.<ref name="Indian Arts" /><ref name="Bengal Foundation" /><ref name="Blouin Art Info" /> ''The Unseen Sequence – Exploring Bharatanatyam Through the Art of Malavika Sarukkai'' is another documentary made on her art which has been screened at the [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)|National Centre for the Performing Arts]]. Mumbai.<ref name="Blouin Art Info" /><br />
<br />
==Awards and recognitions==<br />
<br />
Sarukkai was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] by the Government of India in 2002.<ref name="Sangeet Natak AKademi Award" /><ref name="Indian Arts" /> She is also a recipient of [[Kalaimamani]] title from the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] and other awards such as Mrinalini Sarabhai Award,<ref name="Canary Promo" /> Nrityachoodamani title, Sanskriti award and the Haridas Sammelan award.<ref name="Kennedy Center" /><ref name="Indian Arts" /> The [[Government of India]] honoured her again, in 2003, with the civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Kennedy Center" /><ref name="Padma Awards" /><ref name="Indian Arts" /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
* [[Bharatanatyam]]<br />
* [[Odissi]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
{{Portal|India}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIfmI27Nh_Q | title=Malavika Sarukkai: A tribute to Thimmakka | publisher=INKTalks | date=13 November 2013 | accessdate=8 February 2015}}<br />
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCqj77FcSLU | title=Padmashri Malavika Sarukkai Performs Bharatanatyam - Yaksha 2014 | publisher=Isha Foundation | date=21 February 2014 | accessdate=8 February 2015}}<br />
* {{cite web | url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/walk-the-talk/walk-the-talk-with-malavika-sarukkai-aired-february-2006/294826 | title=Walk The Talk with Malavika Sarukkai | publisher=[[NDTV]] | date=February 2006 | accessdate=8 February 2015}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarukkai, Malavika}}<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]<br />
[[Category:Dancers from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<br />
[[Category:1959 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian choreographers]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Kalaimamani Award]]<br />
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]<br />
[[Category:Women artists from Tamil Nadu]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pishacha&diff=456092Pishacha2026-01-05T05:19:08Z<p>KandacePolding: fixed issues</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Malevolent beings in Indian religions}}<br />
{{For-multi|the language group|Pishacha languages|the type of Hindu marriage|Paishacha marriage}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
<br />
'''Pishachas''' ({{langx|sa|पिशाच}}, ''{{IAST|piśāca}}'', {{ipa|sa|piɕaːt͡ɕɐ|ipa}}) are flesh-eating [[demon]]s in [[Indian religions]], appearing in [[Hindu mythology|Hindu]] and [[Buddhist mythology|Buddhist]] religion. A pishacha is a malevolent being that has often been referred to as the very manifestation of evil.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Piśāca |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241833.html |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Legend ==<br />
[[File:Folio from Kathasaritsagara.JPG|thumb|a later sankrit version of Brihatkatha i.e. Katha saritsagara]]<br />
The [[Mahabharata]] states that the original pishachas was the creation of [[Brahma]]. The epic offers various interpretations of the being, including its residence in the court of [[Kubera]] or Brahma and worshipping the deities of its residence, and its worship of [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]]. The pishachas are described as having fought on the side of [[Ghatotkacha]] against [[Karna]]. But they are also said to have served the [[Kaurava]]s, acting as the horses of the chariot of Alambusha.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Other legends describe them as the sons of either Krodha (figuratively "Anger") or as [[Daksha|Dakṣa]]’s daughter ''Pishacha''. They have been described as having bulging veins and protruding red eyes. They are believed to have their own languages, known as [[Paishachi|Paiśāci]].<br />
<br />
According to one legend, they are sons of [[Kashyapa]] and Krodhavasa, one of the daughters of [[Prajapati]] [[Daksha]]. The [[Nilamata Purana]] of the 7th century says the valley of Kashmir was inhabited by two tribes: the [[Nāga|Nagas]] and the Pishachas.<br />
<br />
Pishachas like darkness and traditionally are depicted as haunting cremation grounds along with other monsters like [[Bhoot (ghost)|bhutas]] and [[Vetala|vetālas]]. Pishachas are supposed to possess the ability to [[shapeshift]] and assume any form at will, and may also become invisible. They also feed on human [[life energy|energy]]. Sometimes, they possess human beings and alter their thoughts, and the victims are afflicted with a variety of maladies and abnormalities like insanity. Certain [[mantra]]s are supposed to cure such afflicted persons and drive away the pishacha possessing that particular human being. In order to keep the pishacha away, they are given their share of offerings during certain religious functions and festivals.<br />
<br />
When burials are not performed properly, the deceased person may be unable to escape the dead body for indefined time, whereby turning into a Pishacha. It loses its ability to eat and drink, turns blind and suffers immensively. However, instinctively crave for the living, and sense their smell and presence, and may assault them.{{efn|''From'' Bănică, M. (2021). Glück, Gott und Gaben: Kultur und Religion der Roma. Aus dem Rumänischen übersetzt von Larisa Schippel (Vol. 44). Frank & Timme GmbH.<br /><br />
'''{{sc|Translation:}}''' {{in lang|en}}<br /><br />
"If the ritual of sacrifice is lacking or not fully performed, the soul of the dead person (jiva) remains a prisoner indefinitely, unable to enjoy release through death. It then turns into a pisaca - a being unable to eat or drink, deformed and blind, suffering terribly, but instinctively seeking out the living."<br />
<br /><br />
'''{{sc|Original:}}''' {{in lang|de}}<br /><br />
"Wenn nun das Ritual für das Opfer fehlte oder nicht vollständig durchgeführt worden sei, bleibt die Seele des Toten (jiva) auf unbestimmte Zeit Gefangene und ist nicht in der Lage, sich der Befreiung durch den Tod zu erfreuen. Dann verwandelt sie sich in eine pisaca - ein Wesen, das nicht imstande ist zu essen oder zu trinken, verformt sich und wird blind, leidet schrecklich, sucht aber instinktiv nach Lebenden."}}<br />
<br />
[[Pāṇini]], in his [[Pāṇini#Ashtadhyayi|Aṣṭādhyāyi]], described the pishacha as a "warrior clan".{{quote without source|date=February 2023}} In the ancient literature, the [[Dardic people]] in the north of Kashmir were referred to as "Pishacha" and Dardic languages were called ''Paiśāci''.<ref>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dardestan- Dardestān], Encyclopaedia Iranica, Retrieved 30 January 2020.</ref> They are said to have been descendants of [[Prajapati|Prajāpati]] [[Kashyapa|Kaśyapa]].<ref>The Piśāca languages of north-western India, Sir [[George Abraham Grierson]], Royal Asiatic Society, 1906</ref><!--<br />
In the [https://www.scribd.com/collections/2493058/Yoga-Vasishtha-Mitra-translation Yoga Vasishtha Maharamayana] translated by V.L. Mitra (1891), Vol 4., CHAPTER LXXXXIV.DESCRIPTION OF A PISACHA, AND THE UNITY OF THE WORLD WITH BRAHMA, there is the following description of the Pisāchas:<br />
<br />
"31. The Pisāchas are a sort of aerial beings, with subtile bodies of<br />
theirs (as we see the empty forms of persons in our dreams); they have<br />
their hands and feet and other members of the body as thine, and see all<br />
things as thou dost.<br />
<br />
32. They sometimes assume the form of a shadow to terrify people, and<br />
at others enter into their minds in an aerial form, in order to mislead<br />
them to error and wicked purposes. (They like devils waylay unwary men,<br />
and tempt them to evil).<br />
<br />
33. They kill persons, eat their marrow, and suck up the blood of weak<br />
bodied people; they lay a siege about the mind, and destroy the vitals<br />
and viscera and the strength and lives of men.<br />
<br />
34. Some of them are of aerial forms, and some of the form of frost,<br />
others as visionary men, as seen in our dreams with airy forms of their<br />
bodies. (And they are at liberty to take upon themselves whatever forms<br />
they please).<br />
<br />
35. Some of them are of the forms of clouds, and others of the nature of<br />
winds, some bear illusory bodies, but all of them are possessed of the<br />
mind and understanding.<br />
<br />
36. They are not of tangible forms to be laid hold by us, or to lay hold<br />
on any one else; they are mere empty airy bodies, yet conscious of their<br />
own existence.<br />
<br />
37. They are susceptible of feeling the pain and pleasure, occasioned<br />
by heat and cold; but they are incapable of the actions of eating,<br />
drinking, holding and supporting anything with their spiritual bodies.<br />
<br />
38. They are possessed of desire, envy, fear, anger and avarice, and are<br />
liable to delusion and illusion also; and are capable of subjection by<br />
means of the spell of mantras, charm of drugs and of other rites and<br />
practices.<br />
<br />
39. It is likewise possible for one at some time or other, to see and<br />
secure some one of them by means of incantations, captivating exorcisms<br />
and amulets and spirit in chanting invocations.<br />
<br />
40. They are all the progeny of the fallen gods, and therefore some of<br />
them bear the forms of gods also; while some are of human forms, and<br />
others are as serpents and snakes in their appearance.<br />
<br />
41. Some are likened to the forms of dogs and jackals, and some are<br />
found to inhabit in villages and woods; and there are many that reside<br />
in rivers, mud and mire and hell pits.<br />
<br />
(...)70. Now among the scattered seeds of souls, there were some that grew<br />
mature, and put forth in the forms of gods; and those that were of a<br />
bright appearance, became as intelligences and saints.<br />
<br />
71. Those that were half mature, became as human beings and Nāga races;<br />
and such as were put forth themselves in the forms of insects, worms and<br />
vegetables.<br />
<br />
72. Those seeds which are bloated and choked, and become fruitless at<br />
the end; these produce the wicked Pisāchas, which are bodiless bodies of<br />
empty and aerial forms.<br />
<br />
73. It is not that Virinchi (vir incipiens) or Brahmā, made them so of<br />
his own accord or will; but they became so according to the desire which<br />
they fostered in themselves in their prior existence (which caused their<br />
transformations or metamorphoses in the latter ones). (Because the lord<br />
is impartial, and makes [not] one more or less than another).<br />
<br />
(...)79. In this manner, there are many races of object beings of whom we are<br />
utterly ignorant; and such are the Pisāchas, Kumbhandas, Pretas, Yakshas<br />
and others.<br />
<br />
80. As the waters upon earth, are collected in lowlands only; so do the<br />
Pisāchas and goblins dwell in dark places alone.<br />
<br />
81. Should a dark Pisācha dwell at bright midday light, upon a sunny<br />
shore or open space; it darkens that spot with the gloominess of its<br />
appearance.<br />
<br />
82. The sun even is not able, to dispel that darkness, nor can any one<br />
find out the place, where the dark demon makes his abode; on account of<br />
its delusiveness to evade human sight.<br />
<br />
83. As the orbs of the sun and moon, and the furnace of burning fire,<br />
appear bright before our eyes; so on the contrary the abode of the<br />
Pisāchas, is ever obscured by impenetrable darkness, which no light can<br />
pierce.<br />
<br />
84. The Pisāchas are naturally of a wonderful nature, that vanish like<br />
sparks of fire in daylight; and become enkindled in the dark. (The<br />
Pisāchas bear analogy to the sons of darkness or fallen angels in the<br />
black Tartarian regions)." --><br />
<br />
The famous BrihatKatha which contain a vast collection of Indian legendary tales, written by writer Gunadhya in the 7th-century in Paisachi langiage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brihat Katha |url=https://prepp.in/question/brihat-katha-was-written-in-the-following-languag-6433f5b6ada0ad06bc426123 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Thailand==<br />
In the [[Royal Institute Dictionary]], the Thai term "ปิศาจ" (''pisat''), from Sanskrit, ''pishacha'', is defined as "ghost" (ผี).<ref>[http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp ''Royal Institute Dictionary'', 1997 Edition] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303000030/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp |date=2009-03-03 }}</ref> Although not strictly [[Thai ghosts]], the Pishacha appear in some stories in [[Thai folklore]]. They are among the spirits from the Hindu-Buddhist tradition in [[Thailand]] and are also represented in some [[Buddhist temple]] paintings.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Yakshi]], related class of beings in Indian religions<br />
* [[Vetala]], related class of beings in Indian mythology<br />
* [[Kanjirottu Yakshi]], vampiric figure in Indian folklore<br />
* ''[[Pisaj]]'' (2004), Thai film about a pishacha<br />
* ''[[Pisaasu]]'' (2014), Indian horror film based on pishachas<br />
* ''[[Pishachini]]'' (2022), Indian TV series about a female pishacha<br />
* ''[[It Lives Inside]]'' (2023), Indian-American horror film featuring a pishacha<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* ''[[Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend]]'' ({{ISBN|0-500-51088-1}}) by Anna Dhallapiccola<br />
<br />
{{HinduMythology}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian legendary creatures]]<br />
[[Category:Buddhist legendary creatures]]<br />
[[Category:Legendary creatures in Hindu mythology]]<br />
[[Category:Demons in Buddhism]]<br />
[[Category:Demons in Hinduism]]<br />
[[Category:Mythological human-eaters]]<br />
[[Category:Vampires]]<br />
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{{Hindu-myth-stub}}</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.G.R._and_Amma_Memorial&diff=514039M.G.R. and Amma Memorial2025-12-29T19:58:45Z<p>KandacePolding: created initial post from scratch</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Memorial complex in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox building<br />
|name = M.G.R. and Amma Memorial<br />
|image = Entrance to MGR Samadhi (14554120869).jpg<br />
|image_caption = Façade of the memorial complex at the [[Marina Beach]]<br />
|alternate_names = M.G.R. and Amma Ninaividam<br/>M.G.R. and Amma Square<br />
|building_type = Tomb and Museum<br />
|architectural_style = Lotus-shaped (M.G.R.) and Phoenix-shaped (Amma)<br />
|address = Kamarajar Promenade, [[Marina beach]]<br />
|location_town = [[Chennai]]<br />
|location_country = India<br />
|coordinates = {{coord|13|3|52.38|N|80|17|3.3|E}}<br />
|groundbreaking_date = 25 December 1987 and<br/>6 December 2016<br />
|owner = [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
}}<br />
'''M.G.R. and Amma Memorial''', officially '''Bharat Ratna Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G.R. and Puratchi Thalaivi Amma Selvi J. Jayalalithaa Memorial''', is a [[Mausoleum|memorial complex]] dedicated to the former [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu|chief ministers of Tamil Nadu]] [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (M.G.R.) and [[J. Jayalalithaa]] (Amma), where a black marble platform was raised on the spot of M.G.R.'s cremation on 25 December 1987 and on the spot of Jayalalithaa's on 6 December 2016. An [[eternal flame]] illuminates both cemeteries, with a portrait of each individual placed at one end. A stone footpath leads to the lotus-shaped wall enclosure that houses the M.G.R. Memorial, with the sword pillar topped with a spherical-shaped dome light, and a stone footpath leads to the phoenix-shaped wall enclosure that houses the memorial of M.G.R.'s protégé and the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaa-dies-at-68-to-be-cremated-at-mentor-mgr-s-memorial/story-3Y7UWyIbxGrfLb9bdq9M7H.html|title=Tamil Nadu CM Jayalalithaa dies at 68, to be buried at MGR's memorial site|date=6 December 2016|first1=Aditya|last1=Iyer|first2=KV|last2=Lakshmana|newspaper=Hindustan Times|accessdate=31 July 2018}}</ref> The memorial complex is located on Kamarajar Promenade, adjacent to the [[Anna Memorial]] on [[Marina Beach]] in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=MGR memorial in Marina gets makeover|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|location=Chennai|date=10 December 2012|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/121210/news-current-affairs/article/mgr%E2%80%88memorial-marina-gets-makeover|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125000443/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/121210/news-current-affairs/article/mgr%E2%80%88memorial-marina-gets-makeover|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013|accessdate=11 December 2012}}</ref><br />
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==History==<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|background color = #E5F4EA<br />
|align = right<br />
|caption_align = center<br />
|direction = horizontal<br />
|image1 = MG Ramachandran 2017 stamp of India.jpg<br />
|caption1 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]<br/>(1917–1987)<br />
|width1 = 123<br />
|image2 = J Jayalalithaa.jpg<br />
|caption2 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]<br/>(1948–2016)<br />
|width2 = 132<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===M.G.R. Memorial===<br />
The memorial was built in the memory of the former [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[M. G. Ramachandran]], the first actor to become the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] in the [[Republic of India]], and that too by winning three consecutive [[Elections in Tamil Nadu#Legislative Assembly elections|legislative assembly elections]] and continuing to be in the position until his death. Considered one of the greatest political leaders and actors of the state, his followers idolise him as "Puratchi Thalaivar" ''(Revolutionary Leader)''. He was posthumously awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], the highest civilian award of the Republic of India.<br />
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On 24 December 1987, after his prolonged illness, he suffered cardiac arrest at 1:00 a.m. and was declared dead at 3:30 a.m. in his ''M.G.R. Thottam'' residence in [[Ramapuram, Chennai]]. He was 70 years old, just a month away from his 71st birthday on 17 January 1988. His death sparked a frenzy of looting and rioting all over the state. Shops, cinemas, buses, and other public and private property became the targets of violence. The police had to resort to issuing shoot-at-sight orders. Schools and colleges immediately announced holidays until the situation was under control. Violence during the funeral alone left 129 people dead and 47 police personnel badly wounded. Young and married women allegedly shaved their heads bald and dressed like widows. Men whipped themselves until they bled to death. There were some extreme instances where people burnt themselves to death and burnt villages down.<ref>{{cite news|title=4 Die as Indians Bury Top Tamil Leader|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=26 December 1987|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-12-26-mn-7433-story.html|accessdate=30 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=POPULAR TAMIL LEADER DIES IN INDIA|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=24 December 1987|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/12/25/popular-tamil-leader-dies-in-india/a6ca6cb0-7bea-456e-92b9-0e6915d9973c/|accessdate=30 December 2025}}</ref><br />
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His body was kept [[in state]] at [[Rajaji Hall]] for the public to pay their tribute for two days, from 8:40 a.m. on 24 December until 1:00 p.m. the next day. On 25 December 1987, the funeral procession began at 1:25 p.m., and his remains were buried at the northern end of [[Marina Beach]], proximate to his mentor and the former [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[C. N. Annadurai]]'s memorial, named the [[Anna Memorial]].<br />
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===Amma Memorial===<br />
The memorial was built in the memory of the former [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[J. Jayalalithaa]], the second actress to become the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] in the [[Republic of India]] after [[M.G.R.]]'s wife, [[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]]. Jayalalithaa served as the [[General Secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|general secretary]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] from 1988 to 2016 and has the second-longest tenure of chief ministership in [[Tamil Nadu]], having served multiple terms and continuing to hold the position until her death. Considered one of the greatest political leaders and actresses of the state, her followers idolise her as "Puratchi Thalaivi" (Revolutionary Leader). She was the first and only woman to serve as the [[Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|leader of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]].<br />
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On 22 September 2016, Jayalalithaa was admitted to [[Apollo Hospitals]] in [[Chennai]] as she was suffering from an infection and acute [[dehydration]]. On 12 October 2016, she was also said to be suffering from a severe pulmonary infection and [[septicaemia]], which were cured. On 4 December 2016, she was re-admitted to the [[intensive care unit]] after suffering a [[cardiac arrest]] around 4:45 p.m. The hospital released a press statement stating that her condition was "very critical" and that she was on life support. On 5 December 2016, the hospital announced her death around 11:30 p.m., and she became the first [[List of female chief ministers in India|female chief minister]] to die in office in the Republic of India. She was 68 years old, just two months away from her 69th birthday on 24 February 2017.<br />
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Her body was kept [[in state]] at her residence, ''Veda Nilayam'' in [[Teynampet|Poes Garden, Chennai]], until the wee hours of 6 December 2016 and later at [[Rajaji Hall]] for the public to pay their tribute. Her [[last rites]] were performed on the evening of 6 December 2016, and her remains were [[Burial|buried]] at the northern end of [[Marina Beach]] in a [[Coffin|sandalwood casket]] engraved with "Puratchi Thalaivi Selvi J Jayalalithaa", adjacent to the grave of her mentor and the former [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[M. G. Ramachandran]]'s memorial, named the M.G.R. Memorial.<br />
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==Construction and Renovation==<br />
The memorial complex spreads over 8.25 acres and has the highest number of visitors along the seafront. The M.G.R. memorial started its construction work in 1988 and was inaugurated by [[M. G. Ramachandran]]'s wife and the former [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]] in May 1990.<ref>{{cite web|title=M.G.R. Memorial|publisher=Chennai.com|url=http://www.chennai.com/MGR_memorial.html|accessdate=11 December 2012}}</ref> In 1992, the memorial complex was remodelled and laid with marble by the [[government of Tamil Nadu]] led by chief minister [[J. Jayalalithaa]]. Between 1996 and 1998, the mausoleum was again renovated at a cost of about {{INR}}2.75 crore. When the [[2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami|Indian Ocean tsunami]] struck the seafront in December 2004, the memorial was damaged. Repair works cost approximately {{INR}}1.33 crore.<ref name="Hindu_8_90CroreForRenovation">{{cite news|title=Rs. 8.90 crore for renovation of Anna, MGR memorials|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Chennai|date=30 January 2012|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article2843039.ece|accessdate=12 December 2012}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, the memorial was again renovated at a cost of {{INR}}4.3 crore, including {{INR}}3.4 crore for remodelling the facade and the surrounding wall.<ref name="Hindu_TwoLeavesAdornsFacade">{{Cite news|title='Two leaves' adorns facade of renovated MGR memorial|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Chennai|date=10 December 2012|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/two-leaves-adorns-facade-of-renovated-mgr-memorial/article4181848.ece?homepage=true|accessdate=11 December 2012}}</ref> This renovation included a new entrance with the Two Leaves, the electoral symbol of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], and [[Pegasus]], the horse from [[Greek mythology]]; landscaping of the open area around the memorial using Korean grass; and the planting of exotic, decorative plants such as palmyra alpha, [[date palm]], [[spider lily]], and [[adenium]]. Also included were a granite pathway shaped like a guitar, stainless steel handles around the memorial, a fountain in the middle, a waterfall at the rear, decorative lamps, and an overhead tower with lights both at the entrance and on the arch.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jaya throws open renovated MGR Memorial for public on Marina|newspaper=Web India 123|location=Chennai|publisher=WebIndia123.com|date=9 December 2012|url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20121209/2116329.html|accessdate = 11 December 2012}}</ref> Two 18-metre-wide pergolas were also constructed, in addition to ramps for the physically challenged.<br />
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The erection of the two leaves insignia at the façade of the entrance as an arch was opposed by the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=DMK opposes 'two leaves' symbol on MGR memorial|location=Chennai|date=3 December 2012|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-03/chennai/35570019_1_mgr-death-anniversary-r-s-bharathi-c-n-annadurai|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729101057/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-03/chennai/35570019_1_mgr-death-anniversary-r-s-bharathi-c-n-annadurai|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 July 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=12 December 2012}}</ref> A public interest petition was filed in the [[Madras High Court]] in October 2012 against the erection of that insignia,<ref>{{Cite news|title=PIL questions renovation at MGR memorial|location=Chennai|date=13 October 2012|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-13/chennai/34430278_1_mgr-renovation-pil|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126050355/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-13/chennai/34430278_1_mgr-renovation-pil|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=12 December 2012}}</ref> but it was dismissed by the court.<ref>{{Cite news|title=PIL challenging new arch at MGR Memorial dismissed|newspaper=The New Indian Express|location=Chennai|publisher=Express Publications|date=16 October 2012|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article1301567.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022092051/http://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article1301567.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 October 2012|accessdate=12 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=HC dismisses plea against MGR memorial rejig|location=Chennai|date=16 October 2012|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-16/chennai/34497532_1_mgr-pil-political-affiliations|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126044951/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-16/chennai/34497532_1_mgr-pil-political-affiliations|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=12 December 2012}}</ref><br />
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In 2016, when [[M.G.R.]]'s protégé and the former [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[J. Jayalalithaa]], died, she was buried behind her mentor in the memorial complex. A new memorial was built for her at a cost of {{INR}}50 crore.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jayalalithaa memorial, to be built at a cost of Rs 50 crore, to resemble phoenix|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2018/05/07/jayalalithaa-memorial-to-be-built-at-a-cost-of-rs-50-crore-to-resemble-phoenix.html|access-date=7 May 2018|work=The Week|date=7 May 2018}}</ref> The memorial is planned to be built in the shape of a [[Phoenix (mythology)|phoenix]], covering the cemetery of Jayalalithaa. On 7 May 2018, the foundation stone was laid for the construction of the memorial by the chief minister of Tamil Nadu [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]], in the presence of prominent members of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]. The memorial is named ''Amma Memorial'', as Jayalalithaa is fondly called Amma by her followers and party cadres.<br />
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On 27 January 2021, the memorial and the museum of [[J. Jayalalithaa]], named Amma Memorial and Amma Museum, respectively, were inaugurated by the [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]], in the memorial complex.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tamil Nadu govt inaugurates sprawling 'phoenix' themed memorial of Jayalalithaa|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jayalalithaa-memorial-chennai-marina-beach-poes-garden-inaugurated-pictures-pics-1763385-2021-01-28|access-date=28 January 2021|work=indiatoday|date=28 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Jayalalithaa memorial inauguration on Jan 27|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/jan/20/jaya-memorial-inauguration-on-jan-27-2252404.html|access-date=20 January 2021|work=The New Indian Express|date=20 January 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Entrance==<br />
The facade of the memorial complex was a tall entry arch with a concrete replica of the Two Leaves, the electoral symbol of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], founded by the former [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[M. G. Ramachandran]]. The facade was also given a Grecian touch with the erection of a 12-foot-high bronze sculpture of [[Pegasus]], the winged horse of [[Greek mythology]]. The 3.75-[[tonne]] sculpture, by architect R. Ravindran, a sthapathi from [[Mamallapuram]], is set on a 4.5-meter-high pedestal.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mariappan|first=Julie|title=Pegasus to adorn MGR memorial|location=Chennai|date=2 December 2012|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-02/chennai/35547913_1_pegasus-panchaloha-idols-valour-and-energy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527130040/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-02/chennai/35547913_1_pegasus-panchaloha-idols-valour-and-energy|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 May 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=12 December 2012}}</ref><br />
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Two 15.9-metre-high columns serving as the entrance were built with reinforced concrete. The elevated structure of the two leaves is supported by a 6-metre-high beam serving as the stem. The leaf structure, with a span of 10.2 metres for each leaf, is a metre higher than the towering columns. The leaves have a slight resemblance to a honeycomb and are visible from both the front and the rear.<ref name="TOI_NewLookWithAddedWings">{{Cite news|last=Mariappan|first=Julie|title=MGR Memorial to wear a new look with added wings|location=Chennai|date=12 September 2012|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/MGR-Memorial-to-wear-a-new-look-with-added-wings/articleshow/16360978.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529083858/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-12/chennai/33788221_1_structure-pegasus-wings|url-status=live|archive-date=29 May 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=11 December 2012}}</ref><br />
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==Gallery==<br />
<gallery caption="M.G.R. and Amma Memorial Complex" mode="packed"><br />
File:MGRMemorial Pegasus Closeup.jpg|Bronze Pegasus at the entrance to the memorial<br />
File:MGRMemorialCorridor.jpg|Main corridor of the memorial<br />
File:MGR Memorial 9 December 2007.jpg|Lotus-shaped wall houses the M.G.R. Memorial<br />
File:A panoramic view, MGR Memorial.jpg|A panoramic view of the M.G.R. Memorial<br />
File:The ever-burning lamp at the MGR Memorial.jpg|An eternal flame near the cemetery of M.G.R.<br />
File:MGRMemorial Museum.jpg|Dr. M.G.R. Museum inside the memorial complex<br />
File:Image Gallery at MGR museum, Marina Beach, Chennai.jpg|Photo gallery inside the Dr. M.G.R. Museum<br />
File:Amma memorial.jpg|Amma Memorial on the next day of cremation<br />
File:MGR Memorial, Chennai aerial view.png|An aerial view of the M.G.R. and Amma Memorial Complex<br />
File:Jayalalitha Memorial.jpg|Phoenix-shaped wall houses the Amma Memorial<br />
File:MGR Memorial 2.jpg|Amma Museum inside the memorial complex<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|India}}<br />
*[[Anna Memorial]]<br />
*[[Marina Beach]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Chennai Topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1988 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:2021 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1988]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 2021]]<br />
[[Category:Memorials to M G Ramachandran]]<br />
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Outdoor sculptures in Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Chennai]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pavithra_Lakshmi&diff=524929Pavithra Lakshmi2025-12-13T12:33:09Z<p>KandacePolding: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian Actress}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Pavithra Lakshmi<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1994|6|16}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| other_names =<br />
| occupation = Actress, model<br />
| years_active = 2015–present<br />
| imagesize =<br />
| homepage = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Pavithra Lakshmi''' is an Indian actress who has appeared in Tamil and Malayalam language films. After making her debut in the Tamil film ''[[O Kadhal Kanmani]]'' (2015), she rose to fame through her appearance in the show ''[[Cooku with Comali (season 2)|Cooku with Comali]]'' (2021) and has been seen in films including ''[[Naai Sekar]]'' (2022) and ''[[Ullasam (2022 film)|Ullasam]]'' (2022).<br />
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==Career==<br />
Pavithra first appeared in a small role in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[O Kadhal Kanmani]]'' (2015), featuring as a colleague of [[Dulquer Salmaan]]'s lead character. She continued working as a model, notably winning the Miss Madras 2015 and Queen of India 2016 pageants.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pavithra-lakshmi-shane-referred-me-to-be-his-films-heroine/articleshow/70418954.cms |title=Pavithra Lakshmi: Shane referred me to be his film's heroine |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/pavithra-lakshmis-cute-message-to-her-mother/articleshow/89748457.cms |title=Pavithra Lakshmi's cute message to her mother |website=The Times of India}}</ref> In 2021, she appeared on the celebrity cooking show ''[[Cooku with Comali (season 2)|Cooku with Comali]]'', with the appearance leading to further acting offers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/heres-why-pavithra-lakshmi-is-missing-from-cooku-with-comalis-2-see-post/articleshow/81311597.cms |title=Here's why Pavithra Lakshmi is missing from 'Cooku with Comalis 2'; see post |website=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
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Pavithra appeared in four films in 2022, with [[AGS Entertainment]]'s comedy drama ''[[Naai Sekar]]'' being her biggest release. Paired opposite [[Sathish]], she won positive reviews for her portrayal, with a critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' noting "though she doesn't get enough scenes to help us understand the character deeper, Pavithra does what was required of her with ease".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/jan/13/naai-sekar-review-makes-you-dog-tired-28998.html |title=Naai Sekar Review: This painfully unfunny film leaves you dog-tired |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sathish-pavithra-lakshmis-naai-sekar-teaser/articleshow/88630308.cms |title=Sathish & Pavithra Lakshmi's Naai Sekar teaser |website=The Times of India}}</ref> She later featured in the coming-of-age Malayalam film ''[[Ullasam (2022 film)|Ullasam]]'' opposite [[Shane Nigam]], and the bilingual drama ''[[Yugi (film)|Yugi]]'', alongside an ensemble cast.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ullasam-movie-review-shane-nigam-pavithra-lakshmi-star-in-dull-meandering-rom-com/article65589112.ece |title='Ullasam' movie review: Shane Nigam, Pavithra Lakshmi star in dull, meandering rom-com |first=S. R. |last=Praveen |date=1 July 2022 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
;Films<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="1"|2015 || ''[[O Kadhal Kanmani]]'' || Aditya's co-worker || rowspan="3" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]|| Uncredited role<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="1"|2021 || ''R23 Criminal's Diary'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"|2022 || ''[[Naai Sekar]]'' || Pooja Neelakandan ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ullasam (2022 film)|Ullasam]]'' || Nima Alex || rowspan="2" | [[Malayalam]]||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Yugi (film)|Adrishyam]]'' || rowspan="2"| Pavithra|| rowspan="2" | Bilingual film<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Yugi (film)|Yugi]]'' || rowspan="3" | Tamil<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="1"|2023 || ''[[Jigiri Dosthu]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="1"|2024 || ''[[Once Upon A Time in Madras]]'' || Anitha ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Network !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="1"|2020 || ''[[Time Enna Boss!?]]'' || Sandhiya || [[Amazon Prime]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="1"|2021 || ''[[Cooku with Comali (season 2)|Cooku with Comali]]'' || Contestant || [[Star Vijay]] || 4th Runner-Up<br />
|-<br />
| 2023 || [[11th South Indian International Movie Awards]] || Host || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] || Co-hosted with [[Sathish]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb name|11915524}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lakshmi, Pavithra}}<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Cooku with Comali contestants]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haribhadra&diff=466530Haribhadra2025-12-03T12:46:04Z<p>KandacePolding: added lead and fixed typos per sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Jain leader, philosopher and author (c. 459–529)}}<br />
{{About|the Jain logician|the Buddhist author of Abhisamayalankara commentary|Haribhadra (Buddhist philosopher)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox religious biography<br />
| religion = [[Jainism]]<br />
| sect = [[Śvetāmbara]]<br />
| birth_date = 459<br />
| death_date = {{death year and age|529|459}}<br />
| image = Acharya Haribhadrasuri.jpg<br />
| caption = Author of 1444 volumes: Yākini Mahattarā Sūnu Acharya Haribhadrasuri Maharaja<br />
| honorific-prefix = Aacharya Shri<br />
| honorific-suffix = Suriji<br />
}}<br />
{{Jainism}}<br />
[[Acharya]] '''Haribhadra Suri''' was a [[Śvetāmbara]] [[mendicant]] [[Jainism|Jain]] leader, [[philosopher]][[Doxography|, doxographer]], and author.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shri Haribhadrasuri |url=https://www.tattvagyan.com/wp-content/cache/supercache/www.tattvagyan.com/jain-stories/shri-haribhadrasuri/index.html |website=Tattva Gyan |access-date=8 January 2021 |date=20 October 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There are multiple contradictory dates assigned to his birth. According to tradition, he lived c. 459–529 CE. However, in 1919, a Jain monk named [[Jinvijay]] pointed out that given his familiarity with [[Dharmakirti]], a more likely choice would be sometime after 650.<ref>{{harvnb|Chapple|2003|pp=1–2}}</ref> In his writings, Haribhadra identifies himself as a student of Jinabhaṭasūri of the Vidyadhara Kula. There are several, somewhat contradictory, accounts of his life. He wrote several books on Yoga, such as the [[Yogadṛṣṭisamuccaya]] and on comparative religion, outlining and analyzing the theories of Hindus, Buddhists and Jains.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Acharya Haribhadra Suri |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/201051/3?highlight=Haribhadra}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
The earliest story of his life say that Haribhadra was born in [[Dharmapuri]] and that he was an educated [[Brahmin]] who decided that he would become a pupil of anyone who could state a sentence which Haribhadra could not understand. After hearing a Jain nun named Yākinī Mahattarā recite a verse that he could not understand, he was sent to her teacher Jinabhaṭa, who promised Haribhadra that he would instruct him if Haribhadra accepted [[initiation]] into Jainism. Haribhadra agreed, and took the name Yākinīputra (Spiritual Son of Yākinī).<ref>{{harvnb|Dundas|2002|p=12}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Yakiniputra Acharya Haribhadrasuri.jpg|thumb|An idol of Yākiniputra Ācārya Haribhadrasuri and Yākini Mahattarā at Chittorgarh Śvetāmbara Jain Temple, Rajasthan]]<br />
<br />
The second account, which bears similarities to the story of Akalanka Digambara, also shows the state of relations between [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] and Jain mendicants at the time. In this story, Haribhadra was teaching two of his nephews. These nephews went to secretly study [[logic]] at a Buddhist temple, and fled after being discovered there. One of them was killed by the Buddhists, and the other died of grief later. Haribhadra engaged the monks of this monastery in a philosophical debate, and emerged victorious. He then ordered the losing monks to jump into a vat of hot oil. When Haribhadra's own teacher heard of this, he ordered Haribhadra to undertake severe penances for his unseemly display of anger and attachment. Haribhadra did so, and took the title "Virahānka", which means "having separation (or viraha, from his nephews) as a distinguishing characteristic".{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}<br />
<br />
Tradition ascribes some 1444<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prabuddha Jivan 2016 10 |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/526099/42?highlight=Haribhadra%201444}}</ref> different works to him. A more creditable number is in the vicinity of 100, some of which are among the most highly regarded works in Jainism. Scholar H.R. Kapadia attributes eighty-seven works to Haribhadra, Jinavijaya attributes twenty-six and Sukhlal Sanghvi attributes forty-seven.<ref>{{harvnb|Chapple|2003|p=5}}</ref> Some have even suggested that, based on the language and subject material of the books ascribed to Haribhadra, there were two Haribhadras, the first of which, Haribhadra Virahāṅka, may have lived around the sixth century, and the second, Haribhadra Yākinīputra, was a monk who lived in a temple around the eighth century. Scholars of the Śvetāmbara community itself tend to hold with the belief that there was only one Haribhadra.{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}} Among his important teachings were tolerance for other traditions, and that ultimate reality can be grasped from multiple different perspectives.{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}<br />
<br />
==Philosophy and influence==<br />
With his writings, he established that [[Sanskrit]], rather than [[Prakrit]], would be the language of Jain study. He used his only familiarity with the techniques of brahmanical study and wrote in the same style. He is also noted for the great respect he displays toward other religious traditions. He even did what few other Jain scholars have done, and wrote a commentary on the ''Nyāyapraveśa'', a text by Śaṅkarasvāmin on the form of [[Indian logic]] formulated by the Buddhist scholar [[Dignāga]].<ref>{{harvnb|Tachikawa|1971}}</ref> He does however ultimately support Jain thought, arguing that the other beliefs tend to display only a one-sided view of the greater reality.<ref>{{harvnb|Chapple|2003|p=8}}</ref> He tried to combine the good points of various religious philosophies that existed in his times for spiritual liberation in his work [[Yogadṛṣṭisamuccaya]].<ref>{{harvnb|Chapple|2003|p=1}}</ref><br />
<br />
Haribhadra promoted a form of [[religious pluralism]], [[perennial philosophy|perennialism]] and a respect for different religious traditions. He writes that though they have different names, the teachings of those who have achieved liberation ([[moksha|mokṣa]], [[nirvana|nirvāṇa]], [[Kevala Jnana|kevala]]) are grounded on a common truth. He wrote: "''Perhaps the teaching is one, but there are various people who hear it.''<br />
''On account of the inconceivable merit it bestows, it shines forth in various ways.''"<ref>Chapple, Christopher; Reconciling Yogas: Haribhadra's Collection of Views on Yoga, 2003, page 8</ref><br />
<br />
==Works==<br />
Among his other works are:<ref>{{cite web |title=Haribhadra @ HereNow4U |url=http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=62442&person=846 |website=HereNow4U: Portal on Jainism and next level consciousness |access-date=8 January 2021 |language=en |archive-date=10 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110172508/http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=62442&person=846 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
* ''Anekāntajayapatākā'' [The ''Victory Banner of Anekantavada (Relativism'')] - which puts forward arguments about [[Anekantavada]]<br />
* ''Anekāntavādapraveśa,'' - a primer to help beginner to master works like Anekāntajayapatākā.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Suri |first=Haribhadra |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279559/page/n21/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Anekāntajayapatākā Vol. 2 |date=1947 |publisher=Gaekwad Oriental Series |editor-last=Kapadia |editor-first=Hiralal Rasikdas |pages=li}}</ref><br />
* ''Anekāntasiddhi'', It establishes the concept of non-absolutism [[Anekantavada|(anekānta)]]''.''<br />
* ''Ātmasiddhi'' (Realization of Self), a work of Soul<br />
* ''Upadeśapada'', collection of stories which depicts how difficult it is to secure a human birth<br />
* ''Daṃsaṇasuddhi,'' text deals with [[Samyagdarsana|Samyagdarśana]] (right faith) and its purity<br />
* ''Darisaṇasattari,'' another work on ''[[Samyagdarsana|Samyagdarśana]]''<br />
* ''Dhammasaṅgahaṇi, work on [[Dharma]]''<br />
* ''Lokatattvanirṇaya,'' a work of comparative religion where he talks about Hindu Gods<br />
* ''Saṃsāradāvānalastuti,a work praising [[Tirthankara|Tīrthaṅkaras]]''<br />
* ''Samarāiccakahā,'' a tale of ''Agniśarman'' and ''Guṇasena''<br />
* ''Sambohapayaraṇa,'' a work on philosophy<br />
*''Samasaṃskṛtaprākṛta stotra'' - a stotra in praise of Jina written in style such that it can be read in both Saṃskṛta and Prākṛta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaina Literature Portal |url=https://svyoma.github.io/jaina-literature/misc-works/jinasadharana_haribhadrasuri.html |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=svyoma.github.io}}</ref><br />
* ''Aṣṭakaprakaraṇa'' (''The Eightfold Explanation''): Thirty-two 8-versed works on various topics.<br />
* ''Dharmabindu'' - which outlines the duties of the laity, outlines rules for mendicants, and describes the bliss of [[moksha]]<br />
* ''Dhūrtākhyāna'' (''The Rogue's Stories'').<br />
* ''Pañcāśaka'' ''Prakaraṇa'' - a Prakrit work on rituals and spiritual matters<br />
* ''Ṣaḍdarśanasamuccaya'' (''Compendium of Six Philosophies'') - which compares Jainism with other schools of Indian philosophy<br />
* ''Samarāiccakahā'' (''The Story of Samarāicca'') - a narrative which outlines the effects of [[karma]] in a story about the enmity of its characters which endures over several [[reincarnations]]<br />
* ''Sāstravārtāsamuccaya'' (''The Array of Explanatory Teachings'')<br />
* ''Yogabindu'' (''The Seeds of Yoga'') - a work on [[yoga]]<br />
* ''[[Yogadṛṣṭisamuccaya]]'' (''An Array of Views on Yoga'') - another work on yoga<br />
* ''Yogaśataka'' - a third work on yoga. In these three volumes, he compares the yoga of Jainism with the other varieties of yoga prevalent in India at the time<br />
*''Sarvajñasiddhi''<ref name=":0" /><br />
Apart from his original works, he has also authored following commentaries:<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
* Śiṣyahitā on [[Anuyogadvāra-sūtra|anuyogadvārasūtra]]<br />
* Śiṣyahitā on [[Āvaśyaka Sūtra]] and its niryukti<br />
* Caityavandanasūtravṛtti or Lalitavistara (Jaina)<br />
* Laghuvṛtti on [[Jīvājīvābhigama-sūtra]]<br />
* Śiṣyabodhinī on [[Daśavaikālika-sūtra]]<br />
* Pradeśavyākhyā on [[Prajñāpanā-sūtra]]<br />
* Ḍupaḍipkā on [[Tattvartha Sutra]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*{{citation<br />
|last=Chapple<br />
|first=Christopher Key<br />
|title=Reconciling Yogas: Haribhadra's Collection of Views on Yoga<br />
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZ6qQMNCsW8C<br />
|year=2003<br />
|publisher=Suny Press<br />
|isbn=978-0-7914-5899-0}}<br />
*{{citation<br />
|last=Dundas<br />
|first=Paul<br />
|title=The Jains<br />
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jdjNkZoGFCgC<br />
|year=2002<br />
|publisher=Routledge<br />
|isbn=978-0-415-26605-5}}<br />
*Great Thinkers of the Eastern World (1995), I.P.McGreal (ed.), Harper Collins, New York.<br />
*Wiley, Kristi L. ''Historical Dictionary of Jainism''. Lanham, MD:The Scarecrow Press, Ltd. 2004. {{ISBN|0-8108-5051-6}}.<br />
*{{citation<br />
|last=Glasenapp<br />
|first=Helmuth Von<br />
|title=Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation<br />
|year=1999<br />
|location = Delhi<br />
|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass<br />
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEzXDk0v6sC <br />
|isbn=81-208-1376-6}}<br />
*{{cite journal |last=Tachikawa |first=Musashi |title=A Sixth-Century Manual of Indian Logic (A Translation of the Nyayapravesa) |journal=Journal of Indian Philosophy |volume=1 |issue=2 |date=March 1971 |pages=111–145 |doi=10.1007/BF00173476 |jstor=23437945 |s2cid=170231160 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23437945 |url-access=subscription }}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
*Haribhadra. ''Anekāntajayapatākā'', ed. H.R. Kapadia, 2 vols, Baroda, 1940 and 1947.<br />
*Haribhadra. ''Aṣṭakaprakaraṇa'', Ahmedabad, 1918.<br />
*Haribhadra. ''Dhūrtākhyāna'', ed. A. N. Upadhye, Bombay, 1944.<br />
*Haribhadra. ''Lalitavistarā'', ed. Muni Bhānuvijaya, Ahmedabad, 1963.<br />
*Haribhadra. ''Samarāiccakahā'', ed. H. Jacobi, Calcutta, 1926.<br />
*Haribhadra. ''Yogabindu'', ed. and trans. K. K. Dixit, Ahmedabad, 1968.<br />
*Haribhadra. ''Yogadṛṣṭisamuccaya'', ed. and trans. K. K. Dixit, Ahmedabad, 1970.<br />
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{{Jain Gurus}}<br />
{{Jainism topics}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jain acharyas]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Jain writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Jain monks]]<br />
[[Category:7th-century Indian Jains]]<br />
[[Category:7th-century Jain monks]]<br />
[[Category:7th-century Indian monks]]<br />
[[Category:8th-century deaths]]<br />
[[Category:459 births]]<br />
[[Category:Śvetāmbara monks]]<br />
[[Category:Rajasthani literature]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strobilanthes_parryorum&diff=537679Strobilanthes parryorum2025-12-01T02:40:09Z<p>KandacePolding: done!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Species of plant}}<br />
{{Speciesbox<br />
| image = Strobilanthes parryorum specimen (1928).jpg<br />
| image_caption = Specimen collected by botanist Annie Dunnet Parry from Darzo village in the Lushai Hills in 1928<br />
| status = <br />
| status_system = <br />
| status_ref = <br />
| genus = Strobilanthes<br />
| species = parryorum<br />
| authority = [[Cecil Ernest Claude Fischer|C.E.C.Fisch]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Strobilanthes parryorum''''' is a flowering plant of ''[[Strobilanthes]]'' genus native to [[Northeast India]] and [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] in the [[Indo-Burma]] biodiversity hotspot. It was first described by botanist [[Cecil Ernest Claude Fischer]] from specimens provided by botanist [[Annie Dunnet Parry]] from the [[Lushai Hills]].<br />
<br />
== Taxonomy ==<br />
British botanist [[Annie Dunnet Parry]] collected the plant specimen from present-day [[Mizoram]] at 1400m above sea level in March 1927.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Record: Herbarium:K000883146 {{!}} Occurrence record {{!}} Kew data portal |url=https://records.data.kew.org/occurrences/4aac06c0-ae9a-4ce5-a6a3-ca519ddd4383?lang=en-GB |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=records.data.kew.org}}</ref> She lived there when her husband [[Neville Edward Parry]] who was posted as the superintendent of the Lushai Hills during the British colonial rule.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Goswami |first=Roopak |date=2025-10-29 |title=Rare plant rediscovered after 96 years in Mizoram Hills |url=http://eastmojo.com/mizoram/2025/10/29/rare-plant-rediscovered-after-96-years-in-mizoram-hills/ |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=EastMojo |language=en-US}}</ref> Fischer first described the species in 1928 from Parry's collection and named it in her honour ''S. parryorum''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fischer |first=Cecil Ernest Claude |author-link=Cecil Ernest Claude Fischer |date=1928 |title=Strobilanthes parryorum |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.18634/page/141/mode/2up |journal=[[Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information]] |volume=1928 |issue=4 |pages=142-143}}</ref> By 1938, Fisher identified 19 other taxa from the genus ''[[Strobilanthes]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Lalawmpuii |first=Lucy |last2=Lalnunfeli |first2=Renthlei |last3=Richard |first3=Paulraj Selva Singh |last4=Yadav |first4=Pochamoni Bharath Simha |last5=Karuppusamy |first5=Subbiah |last6=Lalchhandama |first6=Kholhring |date=2025-10-26 |title=The rediscovery of C.E.C.Fisch., 1928 (Asterids: Lamiales: Acanthaceae) in Mizoram, India |url=https://www.threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/9634 |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |volume=17 |issue=10 |pages=27771–27776 |doi=10.11609/jott.9634.17.10.27771-27776 |issn=0974-7907|doi-access=free }}</ref><br />
<br />
The ''S. parryorum'' specimen collected is now stored at the [[Kew Gardens|Kew Gardens' Herbarium]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Strobilanthes parryorum C.E.C.Fisch |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:55860-1 |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref> Until 2025, it was one of the only two known stored specimens in the world.<ref name=":0" /> The second specimen was collected by botanist Md. Salar Khan of the [[University of Dhaka]] in 1965 from the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]; now stored at the herbarium of [[Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh]].<ref name=":3" /> Khan was instrumental in starting the [[National Botanical Garden of Bangladesh|Bangladesh National Herbarium]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khan, Md Salar - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Khan,_Md_Salar |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=en.banglapedia.org |language=en}}</ref> A third set of specimens collected in 2025 is stored in [[Madras Christian College|Madras Christian College's]] Department of Botany's herbarium in Chennai.<ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
''Strobilanthes parryorum'' is a tall shrub with smooth branches, glabrous below and brown-tomentose above.<ref name=":2" /> The shrub can grow up to 2.5m.<ref name=":3" /> The leaves are ovate-elliptic, denticulate, acuminate, acute at base, 2-21 cm. They are 4-11 cm in length.<ref name=":2" /> It flowers and fruits from October to January.<ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
In 2003 botanists John Richard Ironside Wood and Robert W. Scotland proposed that ''S. parryorum'' was possibly a subspecies of [[Strobilanthes denticulata]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Wood |first=J. R. I. |last2=Scotland |first2=R. W. |date=2009 |title=New and little-known species of Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae) from India and South East Asia |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12225-009-9098-2 |journal=Kew Bulletin |language=en |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=3–47 |doi=10.1007/s12225-009-9098-2 |issn=0075-5974|url-access=subscription }}</ref> However, the differences of ''S. parryorum'' from ''S. denticulata'' were found to be notable and discernible. These included the larger [[bract]]s and number of calyx lobes. In addition, they are found in different parts of Indo-Burma hotspot.<ref name=":3" /> <br />
<br />
== Distribution and habitat ==<br />
The native and known distribution of the ''S. parryorum'' remains the Northeastern region of India.<ref name=":1" /> More specifically, it is found in Mizoram and the contiguous [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]], i.e., the [[Arakan Mountains]].<ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
Parry collected her specimen from [[Darzo]] village in the Lushai Hills. She had also noted the plant in other villages around, namely Chhingchhip and [[Serkawn]], in addition to the peak [[Phawngpui]].<ref name=":4" /> In 2025 the species was once again recorded after 96 years by a group of botanists led by Lucy Lalawmpuii and Kholhring Lalchhandama from [[Pachhunga University College]] in Aizawl. This specimen was found near Ailawng village which is around 200km north of Darzo.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Threats ==<br />
Habitat loss, deforestation, shifting cultivation, and new plantations could threaten the survival of the species.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Taxonbar|from=Q17681937}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Strobilanthes|parryorum]]<br />
[[Category:Flora of Assam (region)]]<br />
[[Category:Plants described in 1928]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attar_(caste)&diff=445363Attar (caste)2025-11-23T03:52:44Z<p>KandacePolding: small edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Muslim caste in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br />
{{mcn|date=July 2025}}{{Infobox caste|religions=[[Islam]]|country=[[India]]|state=[[Maharashtra]]<br>[[Andhra Pradesh]]}}<br />
<br />
The '''Attar''' are a [[Muslims|Muslim]] community and [[caste]] found in the states of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]]. This community has no connection with the [[Attarwala]] of [[Gujarat]], other than both communities at one time having been involved in the manufacture of [[attar]]s (perfumes).<ref>{{Cite book |first1=N. K. |last1=Singh |first2=A. P. |last2=Mishra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H8HT5OMWVssC&q=Mirasi&pg=PA563 |title=Global Encyclopaedic Enthnography Of Indian Muslim (3 vol. set) |date=August 2008 |publisher=Global Vision Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8220-297-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jairath |first=Vinod K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKIT9muBRuoC |title=Frontiers of Embedded Muslim Communities in India |date=2013-04-03 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-19679-9 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian Muslim}}{{Social groups of Maharashtra}}{{Ethno-stub}}{{Islam-stub}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Attar (Caste)}}<br />
[[Category:Muslim communities of Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Indian castes]]<br />
[[Category:Perfumery]]<br />
[[Category:Perfumers]]<br />
[[Category:Incense in India]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Challavanipeta&diff=493206Challavanipeta2025-11-22T02:54:26Z<p>KandacePolding: put up a data</p>
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<div>{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}<br />
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[[File:Challavanipeta_4_Roads_Junction_._NH326A_,_Andhrapradesh_State_Highway_106.jpg|thumb|Challavanipeta Junction]]<br />
<br />
'''Challavanipeta''' is a village in [[Srikakulam]] district in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Village Challavanipeta Pin Code: Village Challavanipeta, Jalumuru Mandal, Srikakulam, Srikakulam Post Office Code & Address with Map |url=https://codepin.in/village-challavanipeta-pin-code |website=codepin.in |access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref><ref>''A Brief Report on the Gram Panchayat Elections, Held in Andhra Pradesh During 1964'', Andhra Pradesh, Panchayati Raj Department, 1967, p.&nbsp;145</ref><ref>Census of India, 1991: Srikakulam, p.&nbsp;423</ref><ref>''The Andhra Pradesh Gazette'', Part 2, 1963, p.&nbsp;5</ref><br />
<br />
This village is located near [[National Highway 326A (India)|National Highway 326A]] and Andhrapradesh State Highway 106.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Srikakulam district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Srikakulam-geo-stub}}Challavanipeta is located within the Jalumuru Mandal. The village has its own post office, while the main office is located in Jalumuru, serving as the head office for the mandal. Jalumuru also has a police station and judiciary. Challavanipeta is a well-known village in Jalumuru mandal, offering many facilities and amenities.</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tabarra_agitation&diff=539240Tabarra agitation2025-11-18T11:15:35Z<p>KandacePolding: stub!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Tabarra Agitation in Lucknow}}<br />
{{see also|Madhe Sahaba Agitation}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox civilian attack<br />
| title = Tabarra Agitation<br />
| partof = [[Religious violence in India]]<br />
| map =<br />
{{Location map | India<br />
| width = 250<br />
| lat_deg = 26.84<br />
| lon_deg = 80.94<br />
| label = Lucknow<br />
}}<br />
| location = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]<br />
| target = [[Azadari in Lucknow]]<br />
| perp = 18,000 [[Shia Muslim|Shias were]] jailed during months of March, April, and May 1939<br />
| weapons = [[civil disobedience]] movement<br />
| motive = Defence of [[Azadari]]<br />
}}<br />
[[File:Shia volunteer arrestees, Bada Imambada, Lucknow, April 1939.jpeg|thumb|250px|Crowds of Shia volunteer arrestees assembled in the compound of Asaf-ud-Daula Imambada ([[Bara Imambara]]) in preparation of ''tabarra'', April 1939]]<br />
<br />
The '''1939 Tabarra agitation''' was an event when some 18,000 [[Shia Muslim|Shias]] were jailed during months of March, April, and May 1939 in [[Lucknow]], India.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rrioNz8_EwwC&dq=%22tabarra+agitation%22&pg=PA196 Shi'a Islam in Colonial India: Religion, Community and Sectarianism] By Justin Jones</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OaIUuiXQqZUC&dq=%22tabarra+agitation%22&pg=PA120 Rallying Around the Qaum: The Muslims of the United Provinces and the Movement for Pakistan, 1935--1947] By Venkat Dhulipala, ProQuest, 2008</ref><br />
<br />
A [[civil disobedience]] movement was at once started by Shias following the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Government]] communique of 31 March 1939 (which allowed reciting of previously banned Madhe-Sahaba at public meetings). [[Sunni]]s called off their civil disobedience movement but its effect on Shias was far greater than anticipated; they had the authority of two committees (Piggot committee and Allsop committee) and the practice of thirty years in support of their position. Some 1800 Shias courted arrest, including prominent Shia figures such as Syed Ali Zaheer (newly elected [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Allahabad]]-[[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]]), the Princes of the former [[Nawabs of Awadh|royal family of Awadh]], Sayed Muhammad Naseer ''Naseer-ul-Millat'' the son of Maulana Nasir a respected Shia [[mujtahid]] (the eldest son, student and designated successor of Maulana Sayed Nasir Hussain of [[Abaqati family]]), Shamshiir-e-Tabarra Ayatullah Syed Ali Shabbar Naqvi.,<ref>https://ulamaehind.in/en/scholar/syed-ali-shabbar-naqvi</ref> Maulana Sayed Kalb-e-Husain and his son Maulana Kalb-e-Abid (both of [[Ijtihadi family|Nasirabadi/Ijtihadi family]]) ) and the brothers of Raja of Salempur and the Raja of Pirpur, important [[All-India Muslim League|ML]] leaders. It was believed that Maulana Nasir himself besides the top ranking ML leaders such as [[Mohammad Amir Ahmad Khan|Raja of Mahmudabad]] and Raja of Pirpur would together court arrest.<ref>Karim ur Raza Khan to Jinnah, 27 April 1939, Madhe Sahaba file, ''Qaid-i-zamPapaers''.</ref> [[Maulana Azad]], appointed an arbitrator by the parties, called a conference of Shias and Sunnis, but it failed to produce a settlement. Azad conveyed to Sir Haig, the [[Governor of United Provinces|Governor]], his view that the communique was'' 'based on inadequate appreciation of the situation and, therefore, an error of judgement'.'' But, this statement came just a day before the ''[[Barawafat]]'', and a ''Madhe-Sahaba'' procession was taken out. The Shias too were allowed a counter-procession, it was disturbed and resulted in a serious riot. Several people died and police had to open fire several times. The following year i.e. 1940, the district authorities banned the public recitation of ''Madhe-Sahaba'' and ''[[Tabarra]]'' in processions and meetings held in public places.<ref name="Com-Riots">[https://books.google.com/books?id=yB5NM0o3I9QC&q=muharram+lucknow&pg=PA147 Communal riots in post-independence India ''By Asgharali Engineer'']</ref><ref name="Qaum">[https://books.google.com/books?id=OaIUuiXQqZUC&dq=%22Allsop+committee%22+Lucknow&pg=PA110 Rallying around the Qaum: The Muslims of the United Provinces and the movement for Pakistan, 1935—1947 ''By Venkat Dhulipala,'' University of Minnesota]</ref><ref name="ShiaIslam-ColonialIndia">[https://books.google.com/books?id=rrioNz8_EwwC&dq=%22Allsop+committee%22+Lucknow&pg=PA193 Shi'a Islam in Colonial India: Religion, Community and Sectarianism ''By Justin Jones'']</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Tabarra]]<br />
*[[Madhe Sahaba Agitation]]<br />
*[[Azadari in Lucknow]]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tabarra agitation}}<br />
[[Category:Culture of Lucknow]]<br />
[[Category:Shia Islam in India]]<br />
[[Category:History of Islam in India]]<br />
[[Category:1939 in India]]<br />
[[Category:History of Lucknow]]<br />
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Shia–Sunni sectarian violence]]<br />
[[Category:20th century in Uttar Pradesh]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024_Indian_general_election_in_Manipur&diff=4598512024 Indian general election in Manipur2025-10-30T15:32:06Z<p>KandacePolding: adjusted references also and corrected details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Election to constitute the 18th Lok Sabha in 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox election<br />
| country = India<br />
| type = Parliamentary<br />
| ongoing = no<br />
| previous_election = 2019 Indian general election in Manipur<br />
| previous_year = 2019<br />
| next_election = 2029 Indian general election in Manipur<br />
| next_year = 2029<br />
| election_date = April – May 2024<br />
| seats_for_election = All 2 Manipur seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]<br />
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha#Manipur<br />
| turnout =80.47% ({{decrease}}2.22%)<br />
| elected_members = <!--List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha#Manipur--><br />
| opinion_polls = 2024 Indian general election in Manipur#Opinion Polls<br />
| image_size = 100px<br />
<!--INC-->| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Okram Ibobi Singh Official.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=15|oTop=5}}<br />
| leader1 = [[Okram Ibobi Singh]]<br />
| party1 = Indian National Congress<br />
| alliance1 = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]<br />
| leaders_seat1 = ''did not contest''<br />
| leader_since1 = 2007<br />
| last_election1 = 24.71%, 0 seat<br />
| seats_before1 =<br />
| percentage1 = '''47.59%'''<br />
| swing1 = {{increase}} 22.88[[Percentage point|pp]]<br />
| seats1 = 2<br />
|seat_change1 = {{increase}} 2<br />
<!--npf-->| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Indian Election Symbol Cock.png|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}<br />
| leader2 = [[Lorho S. Pfoze]]<br />
| party2 = Naga People's Front<br />
| alliance2 = National Democratic Alliance<br />
| leaders_seat2 = ''did not contest''<br />
| leader_since2 = <br />
| last_election2 = 22.55%, 1 seat<br />
| seats_before2 =<br />
| percentage2 = 18.87%<br />
| swing2= {{decrease}} 3.68 [[Percentage point|pp]]<br />
| seats2 = 0<br />
|seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 1<br />
<br />
<!--BJP-->| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The Chief Minister of Manipur, Shri Biren Singh calling on the Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu, in New Delhi on September 06, 2017 (cropped).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=7}}<br />
| leader3 = [[N. Biren Singh]]<br />
| party3 = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
| alliance3 = National Democratic Alliance<br />
| leaders_seat3 = ''did not contest''<br />
| leader_since3 = 2017<br />
| last_election3 = 34.33%, 1 seat<br />
| seats_before3 =<br />
| percentage3 = 16.58%<br />
| swing3 = {{decrease}} 17.75 [[Percentage point|pp]]<br />
| seats3 = 0<br />
|seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 1<br />
<!--Map-->| map_image = File:Manipur lok sabha 2024 result map.jpg<br />
| map_caption = [[Manipur]] Lok Sabha Results<br />
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]<br />
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election<br />
| before_election = [[Narendra Modi]]<br />
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
| after_election = [[Narendra Modi]]<br />
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The [[2024 Indian general election]] was held in Manipur on 19 April and 26 April to elect two members of the [[18th Lok Sabha]], from the constituencies of [[Inner Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Inner Manipur]] and [[Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Outer Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-08 |title=Manipur Lok Sabha polls 2024: Total seats, schedule, candidates list, date of voting, result, main parties |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/manipur-lok-sabha-polls-2024-total-seats-schedule-candidates-list-date-of-voting-result-main-parties/articleshow/109106836.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=}}</ref> The election got scheduled in the midst of year-long [[2023–2024 Manipur violence|ethnic violence]] between the valley-based [[Meitei people|Meitei community]] and the hill-based [[Kuki-Zo people|Kuki-Zo community]]. There were reports of violence and intimidation by armed militias during the campaigning as well as polling but, on the whole, the election got conducted peacefully. Opposition [[Indian National Congress]] candidates, [[Bimol Akoijam]] and [[Alfred Kanngam Arthur]], won the two seats respectively.<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
The 2024 Indian general election got scheduled in the midst of a year-long [[2023–2024 Manipur violence|ethnic violence]] in Manipur between the [[Meitei people|Meitei]] and [[Kuki-Zo people|Kuki-Zo]] communities, which has seen more than 200 people killed and around 60,000 people displaced.<ref name="Frontline"><br />
Suwa Lal Jangu, [https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/manipur-violence-sharply-divided-election-bjp-kuki-zo-meitei-electoral-politics/article68060966.ece Manipur’s divided election], Frontline, 15 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
The violence resulted in complete geographic separation of the two communities within a month of the onset of violence, with the Meiteis having fled the hill districts and the Kuki-Zo having fled the Imphal Valley. The violence nevertheless continued with arm-toting militias launching attacks on the opposite community and 'village defence volunteers' defending their villages. Over 6,000 guns that had been looted from the state's armouries remain with the militants and other civilian activists.<ref name="Hindu 6 Apr"><br />
Abhinay Lakshman, [https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/ethnic-conflict-casts-a-shadow-on-manipur-polls-kuki-zo-meitei-people-devise-voting-strategies/article68032850.ece Ethnic conflict casts a shadow on Manipur polls; Kuki-Zo, Meitei people devise voting strategies], The Hindu, 6 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Inner Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Inner Manipur]] constituency, which covers the [[Imphal Valley]], has fielded six candidates, including one from the ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and one from the opposition [[Indian National Congress]] (INC, Congress).<ref name="Frontline"/><br />
<br />
The [[Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Outer Manipur]] constituency, which covers the surrounding hill districts and reserved for the state's [[Scheduled Tribe]] ([[Kuki-Zo people|Kuki-Zo]] and [[Naga people|Naga]]) communities, only Naga candidates have contested. The Kuki-Zo community decided not to field any candidates.<ref name="Hindu 12 Apr"><br />
Abhinay Lakshman, [https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/outer-manipur-for-kuki-zo-outreach-parties-hold-off-campaigning-start-talks-with-apex-tribe-bodies/article68058869.ece Outer Manipur: for Kuki-Zo outreach, parties hold-off campaigning, start talks with apex tribe bodies], The Hindu, 12 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
The BJP decided to support its [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] ally [[Naga People's Front]], while the INC fielded a candidate from the Naga community.<ref name="Hindu 12 Apr"/><br />
<br />
== Election schedule ==<br />
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;<br />
! rowspan="2" |Poll event<br />
! colspan="2" |Phase<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I<br />
| bgcolor="#87CEFA" |II<br />
|-<br />
!Notification date<br />
|20 March<br />
|28 March<br />
|-<br />
!Last date for filing nomination<br />
|27 March<br />
|4 April<br />
|-<br />
!Scrutiny of nomination<br />
|28 March<br />
|5 April<br />
|-<br />
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination<br />
|30 March<br />
|8 April<br />
|-<br />
!Date of poll<br />
|'''19 April'''<br />
|'''26 April'''<br />
|-<br />
!Date of counting of votes/Result<br />
| colspan="2" |'''4 June 2024'''<br />
|-<br />
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''<br />
|{{frac|1|1|2}}{{Efn|Polling in [[Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Outer Manipur]] constituency in Manipur was scheduled in two phases.|name="Outer Manipur"|group="schedule"}}<br />
|{{frac|1|2}}{{Efn|name="Outer Manipur"|group="schedule"}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Parties and alliances ==<br />
=== National Democratic Alliance ===<br />
<!-- Per [[MOS:NOSECTIONLINKS]]: for technical reasons, section headings should, among other things, not contain links, citations, or template transclusions. --><br />
{{legend2|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|[[National Democratic Alliance]]}}<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
!Flag<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Leader<br />
!Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|[[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]<br />
|Sailesh Nigthoujam<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Naga People's Front}}<br />
|[[Naga People's Front]]<br />
|[[File:Flag of the Naga People's Front.png|50px]]<br />
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cock.png|50px]]<br />
|[[Lorho S. Pfoze]]<br />
|1<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Rahul |date=2024-03-22 |title=BJP to back regional partners in three northeastern States |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/bjp-to-back-regional-partners-in-three-northeastern-states/article67981924.ece |access-date=2024-03-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!<br />
!colspan="4"|Total<br />
!2<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance ===<br />
<!-- Per [[MOS:NOSECTIONLINKS]]: for technical reasons, section headings should, among other things, not contain links, citations, or template transclusions. --><br />
{{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]}}<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
!Flag<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Leader<br />
!Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]<br />
|<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Others ===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}<br />
|[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]<br />
|<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Candidates ==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
!colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Constituency<br />
|colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|<br />
|colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}"|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="3"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]<br />
!colspan="3"|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|[[Inner Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Inner Manipur]]<br />
|{{Party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|Thounaojam Basanta Kumar Singh<br />
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Angomcha Bimol Akoijam]]<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|[[Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Outer Manipur]]<br />
|{{Party name with colour|Naga People's Front }}<br />
|Kachui Timothy Zimik<br />
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Alfred Kan-Ngam Arthur]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Surveys and polls ==<br />
<br />
=== Opinion Polls ===<br />
{{#section-h: Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Manipur (2)}}<br />
<br />
=== Exit Polls ===<br />
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Manipur}}<br />
== Campaigning, threats and boycott calls ==<br />
The leading Meitei militia group, [[Arambai Tenggol]] with 60,000 cadres, announced "restrictions" on campaigning on 30 March 2024. It discouraged election campaigns, feasts, the use of loudspeakers, flag raising and election meetings, claiming that such events are more divisive than unifying, and would potentially lead to conflicts and violence. Manipur's state government as well as the central government stayed silent in the face of such impositions.<ref><br />
[https://www.indiatodayne.in/elections/story/manipur-arambai-tenggol-imposes-restrictions-on-ls-election-campaigns-here-are-the-dos-and-dont-944595-2024-03-30 Manipur: Arambai Tenggol imposes restrictions on LS election campaigns, here are the do's and don't], India Today NE, 30 March 2024.<br />
</ref><ref><br />
[https://thewire.in/politics/manipur-bjp-govt-silent-as-arambai-tenggol-imposes-campaigning-restrictions Manipur: BJP Govt Silent as Arambai Tenggol Imposes Campaigning Restrictions], The Wire, 31 March 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
On 19 March, unidentified gunmen opened fire on the Congress Party's Outer Manipur candidate, [[Alfred Kanngam Arthur]], while he was participating in a village-level consultative meeting in the [[Ukhrul district]]. The candidate was unhurt.<ref><br />
[https://assamtribune.com/north-east/gunmen-attack-congress-candidate-in-manipur-escapes-unhurt-1526447 Gunmen attack Congress candidate in Manipur; escapes unhurt], Assam Tribune, 19 March 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
On 28 March, the Congress Party's Inner Manipur candidate [[Bimol Akoijam]] was threatened by unidentified miscreants at his home. They gave an ultimatum to his family to send him for a meeting the following day.<ref name="ITNE 30 Mar"><br />
[https://www.indiatodayne.in/elections/story/manipur-unidentified-miscreants-threaten-congress-candidate-bimol-akoijam-party-demands-security-measures-944966-2024-03-30 Manipur: Unidentified miscreants threaten Congress candidate Bimol Akoijam, party demands security measures], India Today NE, 30 March 2024.<br />
</ref><ref><br />
[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2024-after-threats-congress-seeks-security-for-inner-manipur-candidate-angomcha-bimol-akoijam-5341994 After "Threats", Congress Seeks Security For Inner Manipur Candidate Bimol Akoijam], NDTV News, 31 March 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
The Congress Party expressed deep concern and requested the police to provide protection to the candidate.<ref name="ITNE 30 Mar"/> On 14 April, miscreants opened fire at a campaign site in [[Moirang]] where Akoijam was expected to organise a campaign meeting the following day. Perceiving the threat, Akoijam cancelled the meeting.<ref name="IFP 14 Apr"><br />
[https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/inner-manipur-candidate-bimol-akoijam-cancels-campaign-after-attacks Inner Manipur candidate Bimol Akoijam cancels campaign after attacks], Imphal Free Press, 14 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
Two days later, armed miscreants again disrupted an election meeting at [[Kumbi]]. Akoijam confided to the press the extent of threats he was receiving and commented that these were from "my own community" [Meiteis].<ref name="ITNE 18 Apr"><br />
[https://www.indiatodayne.in/elections/video/manipur-congress-candidate-bimol-akoijam-threatened-by-armed-miscreants-second-time-in-a-month-983275-2024-04-18 Manipur: Congress candidate Bimol Akoijam threatened by armed miscreants, second time in a month], India Today NE, 18 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
A week before the first phase of polling, armed militants, alleged to belong to [[Arambai Tenggol]], attacked a border region of [[Kangpokpi district]] in the [[Thoubal river|Thoubal river valley]], called Phailengmol Island Block, and killed two Kuki-Zo village defence volunteers. Graphic videos of their corpses being dragged, mutilated and body parts displayed were circulated.<ref><br />
[https://scroll.in/latest/1066596/two-kuki-zo-village-volunteers-gunned-down-in-manipur-their-bodies-mutilated Two Kuki-Zo ‘village volunteers’ gunned down in Manipur, their bodies mutilated], Scroll.in, 14 April 2024.<br />
</ref><ref><br />
Kaybie Chongloi, [https://www.indiatodayne.in/manipur/video/manipur-armed-miscreants-kill-two-kuki-zo-volunteers-in-kangpokpi-district-ahead-of-lok-sabha-polls-979301-2024-04-13 Manipur: Armed miscreants kill two Kuki-Zo volunteers in Kangpokpi district ahead of Lok Sabha polls], India Today NE, 13 April 2024.<br />
</ref><ref><br />
Greeshma Kuthar, [https://caravanmagazine.in/conflict/biren-singh-gives-a-free-hand-to-arambai-tenggol-militia-imphal-manipur Saviour Complex: Why the Biren Singh government gives a free hand to Arambai Tenggol], The Caravan, 15 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
The gruesome attacks and display caused the Kuki-Zo civil society organisations to come out with calls for boycotting the general election, saying "no justice, no vote". The Global Kuki-Zomi-Hmar Women Community, including journalists social workers, politicians and leaders, had earlier written to the Chief Election Commissioner, informing him of its decision to boycott the polls. Following the Phailengmol attack, the [[Kuki National Assembly]] and [[Kuki Inpi]] have also joined the fray.<ref><br />
[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/more-kuki-bodies-announce-poll-boycott-in-manipur-following-fresh-incidents-of-violence/articleshow/109310167.cms More Kuki bodies announce poll boycott in Manipur following fresh incidents of violence], The Economic Times, 15 April 2024.<br />
</ref><ref><br />
Debanish Achom, [https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/if-suffering-is-deemed-our-right-more-kuki-zo-groups-call-for-election-boycott-in-manipur-5450092 "If Suffering Is Deemed Our Right...": More Kuki-Zo Groups Call For Election Boycott In Manipur], NDTV News, 16 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
On 16 April, the Kuki Inpi Sadar Hills (covering the Kangpokpi district) asked all Kuki residents of the district to abstain from voting.<ref><br />
[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/manipur-kuki-inpi-sadar-hills-directs-members-to-abstain-from-participating-in-lok-sabha-election/articleshow/109352170.cms Manipur: Kuki Inpi Sadar Hills directs members to abstain from participating in Lok Sabha election], The Economic Times, 16 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
Kuki Inpi Churachandpur issued a directive asking its residents to vote against the ruling BJP and its allied partners, which included the Naga People's Front.<ref><br />
Sumir Karmakar, [https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/india/lok-sabha-elections-2024-manipur-voters-who-took-refuge-outside-state-may-miss-ballot-amid-anti-bjp-stand-poll-boycott-by-kukis-2984556 Lok Sabha Elections 2024: Manipur voters who took refuge outside state may miss ballot amid anti-BJP stand, poll boycott by Kukis], Deccan Herald, 18 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
The Naga civil society organisation [[United Naga Council]] asked the Naga community to support the consensus candidate chosen by the Naga People's Front. It asked for "unity" in the Naga community.<ref><br />
[https://ukhrultimes.com/naga-should-be-elected-as-mp-in-parliament-to-advocate-and-voice-the-rights-and-aspiration-of-nagas-unc/ United Naga Council Calls for Unity in Supporting Naga MP Candidate], Ukhrul Times, 18 March 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
== Polling ==<br />
The poll for the two Lok Sabha seats of Manipur was scheduled to be held on two days. During the Phase 1 polling on 19 April, it was held for [[Inner Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Inner Manipur]] and three districts ([[Kangpokpi district|Kangpokpi]], [[Chandel district|Chandel]] and [[Churachandpur district|Churachandpur]]) of [[Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Outer Manipur]]. During the Phase 2 polling on 26 April, it was held in the remaining districts.<br />
<br />
During the Phase 1 polling, several chaotic scenes were witnessed in many parts of the Imphal Valley.<ref name="NDTV 19 Apr"><br />
Debanish Achom, Ratnadip Choudhury, [https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2024-gunfire-evms-destroyed-anger-in-crisis-hit-manipur-amid-chaotic-voting-5478201 Gunfire, EVMs Destroyed, Anger In Crisis-Hit Manipur Amid Chaotic Voting], NDTV News, 19 April 2024.<br />
</ref><ref name="Wire 20 Apr"><br />
[https://m.thewire.in/article/security/amid-gun-shots-booth-capturing-and-violence-restive-manipur-votes-in-first-phase/amp Amid Gun Shots, Booth Capturing and Violence, Restive Manipur Votes in First Phase], The Wire, 20 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
At Moirang Kampu (in [[Imphal East district|Imphal East]]), a group of unidentified miscreants arrived in an SUV, had an argument in the polling booth and then fired a few rounds at the people from their vehicle. A 72-year old man was hit by a bullet. The enraged voters then destroyed the polling devices.<ref name="NDTV 19 Apr"/><ref name="Wire 20 Apr"/> Assault and firing was also reported from at least three other locations (Arapati Maning in Imphal East, Wangoo in [[Kakching district|Kakching]] and Thamnapokpi in [[Bishnupur district|Bishnupur]]).<ref name="NDTV 19 Apr"/><ref name="Wire 20 Apr"/> Several other polling stations in the Valley districts were [[booth capturing|captured]] by armed miscreants, with video clips flooding the social media. Many fingers were pointed at [[Arambai Tenggol]] militants. In one clip, the Congress candidate Bimol Akoijam is seen complaining to senior police officials about his polling agent having been threatened by armed miscreants and the agent having had to leave the polling station.<ref name="Wire 20 Apr"/> The state unit of the Congress party filed a complaint with the chief election officer for the state alleging [[booth capturing]], voter intimidation and other irregularities at 36 polling booths in Inner Manipur and 11 polling booths in the [[Sugnu]] area of Outer Manipur.<ref name="Wire 20 Apr"/> The Election Commission ordered a re-poll at 11 polling booths, which was held on 22 April with over 81% voter turnout.<ref name="Hindu 20 Apr"><br />
[https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/manipur-ceo-recommends-re-poll-in-six-valley-polling-booths-citing-mob-violence-riots/article68088384.ece Election Commission orders re-polling in 11 Manipur booths on April 22], The Hindu, 20 April 2024.<br />
</ref><ref><br />
[https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/manipur-lok-sabha-repolling-booths-elections-april-22-2024-updates/article68093425.ece Repolling peaceful in Manipur; records 81.64% voter turnout], The Hindu, 22 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
In the Outer Manipur constituency, the Kuki-Zo people in the [[Kangpokpi district]] were reported to have abstained from voting as per the instructions of Kuki Inpi Sadar Hills. News reports mentioned empty polling stations with "complete zero turnout".<ref><br />
Kaybie Chongloi, [https://www.indiatodayne.in/elections/lok-sabha-election/video/manipur-kuki-zo-community-abstains-from-voting-in-kangpokpi-district-leading-to-empty-polling-stations-983783-2024-04-19 Manipur: Kuki-Zo community abstains from voting in Kangpokpi district, leading to empty polling Stations], India Today NE, 19 April 2024.<br />
</ref><ref><br />
[https://thehillsjournal.com/kangpokpis-empty-polling-stations-speaks-volumes-as-the-kuki-community-abstain-during-first-phase-of-polls/ Kangpokpi's “Empty Polling Stations” Speaks Volumes as the Kuki Community Abstain during First Phase of Polls], The Hills Journal, 19 April 2024.<br />
</ref><ref name="IFP 19 Apr"><br />
[https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/lok-sabha-elections-2024-manipurs-churachandpur-votes-but-not-kangpokpi Lok Sabha Elections 2024: Manipur's Churachandpur votes but not Kangpokpi], Imphal Free Press, 19 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
The election commission reported 22% voter turnout, which is mainly attributed to the Nepali and Naga voters in the district.<ref name="IFP 19 Apr"/><br />
In [[Churachandpur district]], early news reports mentioned poor turnout,<ref><br />
Bikash Singh, [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/lok-sabha-election-phase-1-no-voters-turn-out-in-six-districts-of-nagaland/articleshow/109442223.cms Lok Sabha election phase 1: No voters turn out in six districts of Nagaland], The Economic Times, 19 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
but the election commission data at the end of polling showed 64% turnout in the [[Churachandpur Assembly constituency|Churachandpur]] assembly constituency and 72% in the [[Saikot Assembly constituency|Saikot]] assembly constituency, with similar figures in other constituencies.<ref><br />
[https://thehillsjournal.com/ccpur-ls-election-2024-percentage-pegged-at-72-poll-officials-evms-start-arriving/ Ccpur LS Election 2024: Percentage pegged at 72; Poll Officials, EVMs start arriving], The Hills Journal, 19 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
The polling agent of [[Naga People's Front]] alleged large-scale booth capturing by armed militants in these constituencies, requesting a re-poll from the election commission. "All our voters and workers were threatened with arms and chased away by the militants", wrote the polling agent.<ref name="Scroll 20 Apr"><br />
[https://scroll.in/latest/1066881/manipur-re-elections-to-take-place-in-11-booths-after-reports-of-violence-booth-capturing Manipur: Re-elections to take place in 11 booths after reports of violence, EVM destruction], Scroll.in, 20 April 2024.<br />
</ref><ref><br />
[https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=31..210424.apr24 NPF agent demands re-poll in CCpur, Saikot ACs], Chronicle News Service, via e-pao.net, 20 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
During Phase 2 polling, there were reports that armed militias were forcing voters to vote only for the Naga People's Front (NDA) candidate, Timothy Zimik. In an [[Ukhrul district]] polling booth, the irate voters destroyed the electronic voting machine.<ref><br />
Bikash Singh, [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/manipur/lok-sabha-elections-2024-evm-destroyed-in-manipur-voters-coerced-to-vote-for-npf/articleshow/109633248.cms Lok Sabha Elections 2024: EVM destroyed in Manipur, voters coerced to vote for NPF], The Economic Times, 27 April 2024.<br />
</ref> The cadres of [[NSCN-IM]] were blamed.<ref name="Telegraph 27 Apr"><br />
[https://www.telegraphindia.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024/election-commission-claims-peaceful-turnout-in-manipur-and-assam-india-bloc-cries-democracy-under-threat/cid/2016047 Election Commission claims peaceful turnout in Manipur and Assam, INDIA bloc cries 'democracy under threat'], The Telegraph (Kolkata), 27 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
The Election Commission claimed that the polling was peaceful and 76% votes were polled. However, the Congress-led INDIA alliance said there were reports of booth capturing at 17 polling stations.<ref name="Telegraph 27 Apr"/> Repolling was ordered at six polling stations.<ref><br />
PTI, [https://www.news18.com/india/lok-sabha-elections-2024-repolling-in-six-polling-stations-in-outer-manipur-on-april-30-8869422.html Lok Sabha Elections 2024: Repolling In Six Polling Stations In Outer Manipur On April 30], News18, 28 April 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
== Results ==<br />
=== Results by alliance or party ===<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
!colspan="4" rowspan="2"|Alliance/ Party<br />
!colspan="3"|Popular vote<br />
!colspan="3"|Seats<br />
|-<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]<br />
!Contested<br />
!Won<br />
!'''+/−'''<br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}<br />
!style="background:#E5F8FF"|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]<br />
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
|7,52,491<br />
|47.59<br />
|{{increase}} 22.88<br />
|2<br />
|2<br />
|{{increase}} 2<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3 {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
|rowspan=3 style="background:#fef3e8"|'''[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|Naga People's Front}}<br />
|[[Naga People's Front|NPF]]<br />
|299,536<br />
|18.87<br />
|{{decrease}} 3.68<br />
|1<br />
|0<br />
| {{decrease}} 1<br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|2,62,217<br />
|16.58<br />
|{{decrease}} 17.75<br />
|1<br />
|0<br />
| {{decrease}} 1<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:#fef3e8" |Total<br />
|style="background:#fef3e8"| 5,60,575<br />
|style="background:#fef3e8"| 35.45<br />
|style="background:#fef3e8"| {{decrease}} 21.43<br />
<br />
|style="background:#fef3e8"| 2<br />
|style="background:#fef3e8"| 0<br />
|style="background:#fef3e8"|{{decrease}} 2<br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}<br />
|colspan="3"|[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)|RPI(A)]]<br />
|135,640<br />
|8.58%<br />
|''new''<br />
| 1<br />
| 0<br />
| {{steady}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}<br />
|colspan="3"|[[Independent (politician)|IND]]<br />
|122,212<br />
|7.73%<br />
|{{Decrease}} 2.41<br />
| 5<br />
| 0<br />
| {{steady}}<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="Black"|<br />
|colspan="3"|[[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]<br />
|10,237<br />
|0.65%<br />
|{{increase}} 0.34<br />
!colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="4"|Total<br />
!1,581,155<br />
!100%<br />
! -<br />
!10<br />
!2<br />
!-<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Results by constituency ===<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Constituency<br />
! rowspan="2" |Turnout<br />
! colspan="7" |Winner<br />
! colspan="7" |Runner-up<br />
! rowspan="2" |Margin<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
! colspan="2" |Alliance<br />
!Candidate<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! colspan="2" |Alliance<br />
!Candidate<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|[[Inner Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Inner Manipur]]<br />
|80.37%{{Decrease}}<br />
| {{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| {{Party name with colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}<br />
| [[Angomcha Bimol Akoijam]]<br />
| 3,74,017<br />
| 46.93<br />
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| {{party name with colour|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
| Thounaojam Basanta Kumar Singh<br />
| 2,64,216<br />
| 33.16<br />
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|1,09,801<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|[[Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Outer Manipur]]<br />
|76.84%{{Decrease}}<br />
| {{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| {{Party name with colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}<br />
| [[Alfred Kan-Ngam Arthur]]<br />
| 3,84,954<br />
| 48.32<br />
| {{party name with colour|Naga People's Front}}<br />
| {{party name with colour|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
| Kachui Timothy Zimik<br />
| 2,99,536<br />
| 37.6<br />
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|85,418<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Aftermath ==<br />
Indian National Congress won both the seats in the election. The Inner Manipur seat was won by [[Bimol Akoijam]] with a margin of over 100,000 votes from his nearest rival Thounaojam Basant Kumar Singh of the Bharatiya Janata Party. The Outer Manipur seat was won by [[Alfred Kanngam Arthur]] with a margin of 85,000 over his nearest rival K. Timothy Zimik of Naga People's Front.<ref><br />
[https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/manipur-election-results-2024-live/article68214593.ece Manipur Election Results 2024 highlights: Congress wins both Lok Sabha seats in Manipur], The Hindu, 5 June 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
The results were interpreted as representing popular dissatisfaction with the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party in managing the ethnic violence that has plagued the state for over a year and the apparent apathy from the central leadership. In the Imphal Valley region, it was said that people were pointing fingers at the ruling party for the first time, and blaming it for letting militias like [[Arambai Tenggol]] function with impunity.<ref><br />
Greeshma Kuthar, [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/12/peace-eludes-indias-manipur-even-after-defeating-bjp-over-ethnic-violence Peace eludes India’s Manipur even after defeating BJP over ethnic violence], Al Jazeera, 12 June 2024.<br />
</ref><ref><br />
Sushanta Talukdar, [https://frontline.thehindu.com/election-2024/lok-sabha-results-bjp-assam-congress-north-east-manipur-meghalaya-nagaland/article68259411.ece BJP retains upper hand in Assam but Congress finds its feet in the North-East once again], Frontline, 12 June 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
The United Naga Council, which had urged the Naga community to support the Naga People's Front candidate, ostracised the three Naga candidates that stood against him, including the winning candidate Alfred Kanngam Arthur. It announced a seven-year social boycott against them, claiming that they "purposively defied" the organisation and worked against the spirit of unity.<ref><br />
Rahul Karmakar, [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manipur-naga-body-bars-congress-mp-2-others-from-public-platforms/article68287849.ece Manipur Naga body prescribes social boycott of Congress MP-elect, 2 others], The Hindu, 14 June 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
== Assembly segments-wise lead of parties ==<br />
[[File:2024 Manipur Lok Sabha Election Assembly Wise Lead Map.svg|2024 Manipur Lok Sabha Elections Assembly Wise Lead Map|thumb|300px]]<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=4|Party<br />
!Assembly segments<br />
!Current Position in the Assembly<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}<br />
!rowspan="2"style="background:#E5F8FF"|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
! [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
|36<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|colspan="2"style="background:#E5F8FF"|Total<br />
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|36<br />
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|5<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
!rowspan="5"style="background:#fef3e8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Naga People's Front}}"|<br />
![[Naga People's Front|NPF]]<br />
|13<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
![[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|9<br />
|37<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}"|<br />
! [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]<br />
|rowspan=2|Did Not Contest<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}"|<br />
! [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|colspan="2"style="background:#fef3e8"|Total<br />
|style="background:#fef3e8"|22<br />
|style="background:#fef3e8"|50<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" {{Party color cell|Independent politician}}<br />
!rowspan="3"style="background:#E5FFDA"|Others<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Kuki People's Alliance}}"|<br />
! [[Kuki People's Alliance|KPA]]<br />
|Did Not Contest<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|<br />
! [[Independent politician|Independents]]<br />
|2<br />
|3<br />
|-<br />
|colspan="2"style="background:#E5FFDA"|Total<br />
|style="background:#E5FFDA"|2<br />
|style="background:#E5FFDA"|5<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |Total<br />
!colspan=2|60<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[2024 Indian general election in Meghalaya]]<br />
*[[2024 Indian general election in Mizoram]]<br />
*[[2024 Indian general election in Tripura]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian general election, 2024}}<br />
<!-- {{18th LS members from Manipur |state=expanded}} --><br />
{{Manipur elections}}<br />
[[Category:2024 Indian general election by state or union territory|Manipur]]<br />
[[Category:Indian general elections in Manipur]]<br />
[[Category:2020s in Manipur]]</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bilwagram&diff=491720Bilwagram2025-08-16T19:55:18Z<p>KandacePolding: put up details</p>
<hr />
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|area_codes = <!-- for multiple area codes --><br />
|iso_code = <br />
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'''Bilwagram''' is a village in [[Nakashipara (community development block)|Nakashipara block]], [[Nadia district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It has a population of 5853.<Ref>{{cite report|publisher=[[2011 Census of India]]|title=Nadia district handbook|access-date= 14 October 2023|format= XML Spreadsheet|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1347/download/4404/DH_2011_DCHB_Village_Release_1900.xlsx}}<!-- if the spreadsheet found unnavigable, see population finder [https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder]--></Ref> [[Madanmohan Tarkalankar]], who was a [[Sanskrit]] scholar, Bengali writer a pioneer of the [[Bengali renaissance]], was born in the village.<ref>{{Cite web |title=196th Birth Centenary Of Madan Mohon Tarkalankar Observed In Nakashipara - News from Nadia |url=http://www.newsfromnadia.com/index.php/news-reader/items/id-196th-birth-centenary-of-madan-mohon-tarkalankar-observed-in-nakashipara.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130629235227/http://www.newsfromnadia.com/index.php/news-reader/items/id-196th-birth-centenary-of-madan-mohon-tarkalankar-observed-in-nakashipara.html|archivedate=29 June 2013|website=News from Nadia|date=12 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name=TNIE>{{Cite book |title=কবিবর মদনমোহন তর্কালঙ্কারের জীবনচরিত ও তদগ্রন্থ সমালোচনা |publisher=The new Indian Press |year=1870 |location=[[Kolkata]]| language=Bengali}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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[[Category:Villages in Nadia district]]<br />
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{{Nadia-geo-stub}}</div>KandacePoldinghttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyao_River&diff=542199Tyao River2025-07-22T12:38:57Z<p>KandacePolding: place!</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox river<br />
| name = Tyao River<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| name_other = Tiau River<br />
| name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --><br />
| image = Indo-Burmese Border.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_caption = Bridge over the Tyao river between [[Rikhawdar]] and [[Zokhawthar]]<br />
| map = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_map_size = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --><br />
| subdivision_type1 = Country<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]], [[Myanmar]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = State<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mizoram]], [[Chin State]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = District<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Champhai district|Champhai]], [[Falam District|Falam]]<br />
| subdivision_type4 = <br />
| subdivision_name4 = <br />
| subdivision_type5 = <br />
| subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --><br />
| length_km = 159<br />
| width_min = <br />
| width_avg = <br />
| width_max = <br />
| depth_min = <br />
| depth_avg = <br />
| depth_max = <br />
| discharge1_location = <br />
| discharge1_min = <br />
| discharge1_avg = <br />
| discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --><br />
| source1 = <br />
| source1_location = [[Khuangphah]]<br />
| source1_coordinates = {{coord|23.7125|93.4066|display=inline}}<br />
| source1_elevation = <br />
| mouth = <br />
| mouth_location = [[Kaladan River]]<br />
| mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|22.7861|93.0957|display=inline,title}}<br />
| mouth_elevation = <br />
| progression = <br />
| river_system = <br />
| basin_size = <br />
| tributaries_left = <br />
| tributaries_right = <br />
| custom_label = <br />
| custom_data = <br />
| extra = <br />
}}<br />
'''Tyao River'''<ref><br />
{{citation |editor=Dhruv Sen Singh |title=The Indian Rivers: Scientific and Socio-economic Aspects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ridFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA436 |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |isbn=978-981-10-2984-4 |page=436}}<br />
</ref><br />
(or '''Tiau River''',<ref name="RP_2009"/> '''Tio River''') is a {{convert|159|km|abbr=on}} long river that flows between the [[Mizoram]] state in [[India]] and the [[Chin State]] in [[Myanmar]], forming part of the [[India–Myanmar border|international boundary]] between the two countries.<ref name="RP_2009">{{cite book |author=Rintluanga Pachuau |title=Mizoram: A Study in Comprehensive Geography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYaYKXgAwLwC&pg=PA39 |date=1 January 2009 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-264-6 |page=39 }}</ref><br />
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It rises near [[Khuangphah]] village of [[Champhai district]] in Mizoram, India. It ultimately merges with the [[Kaladan River]] (Chhimtuipui river).<ref name="RP_2009"/><br />
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The twin towns of [[Zokhawthar]] in Mizoram and [[Rikhawdar]] in Chin State are on the opposing banks of the river. There is an official border crossing between the two towns, connected by a bridge that crosses the river.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Yashraj |date=2024-04-11 |title=‘We’re a single village’: India seals Myanmar border, dividing families |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/4/11/were-a-single-village-india-seals-myanmar-border-dividing-families |access-date= |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2732727#map=10/23.2388/93.4600 Tyao River basin], OpenStreetMap, 7 November 2023.<br />
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{{Hydrography of Mizoram}}<br />
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[[Category:Rivers of Manipur]]<br />
[[Category:Rivers of Myanmar]]<br />
[[Category:Rivers of Mizoram]]</div>KandacePolding