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Mehdi Hasan

2026-05-08T16:35:28Z

Kanchin789: made basic data w/ infobox.

{{Short description|British-American journalist (born 1979)}}
{{About|the British-American journalist|the Pakistani journalist|Mehdi Hasan (Pakistani journalist)|other uses}}
{{pp-blp|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mehdi Hasan
| image = Mehdi Hasan portrait (cropped) (edited).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Hasan in 2023
| birth_name = Mehdi Raza Hasan
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|7|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Swindon]], Wiltshire, England
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}
| education = [[Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood|Merchant Taylors' School]]
| alma_mater = [[Christ Church, Oxford]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
| occupation = {{Flat list|
* Broadcaster
* journalist
* writer
}}
| years_active =
| employer =
| organisation = {{Flatlist|
* ''[[The Intercept]]''
* ''[[The Huffington Post]]''
* [[Al Jazeera English]]
* [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]]
* [[MSNBC]]
}}
| known_for = [[Zeteo]]
| notable_works = {{plainlist|
* ''Ed: The Milibands and the Making of a Labour Leader'' (2012)
* ''[[Win Every Argument]]'' (2023)
}}
| style =
| television = ''[[The Café (2011 TV programme)|The Café]]'', ''Head to Head'', ''[[UpFront]]'', ''The Mehdi Hasan Show''
| children = 2
| website =
}}

'''Mehdi Raza Hasan'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛ|d|i|_|ˈ|h|ʌ|s|ən}} {{respell|MED|ee|_|HUSS|ən}}}} (born 10 July 1979) is a British-American broadcaster, journalist, and founder of the media company [[Zeteo]]. He presented ''The Mehdi Hasan Show'' on [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] from October 2020 and on [[MSNBC]] from February 2021 until the show's cancellation in November 2023.

A graduate of [[Christ Church, Oxford]], Hasan began his television career as a researcher and then producer on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]'s [[Jonathan Dimbleby]] programme. Following a stint on the [[BBC]]'s ''[[The Politics Show]]'', he became deputy executive producer on [[Sky News|Sky]]'s breakfast show ''[[Sunrise (British TV programme)|Sunrise]]'' before moving to [[Channel 4]] as their editor of news and current affairs. In 2009, he was appointed senior editor for politics at the ''[[New Statesman]]''. In 2012, he became a presenter on [[Al Jazeera English]], and in 2015, he moved to Washington, D.C., to work full-time for [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] on ''[[UpFront]]'' and host the ''Deconstructed'' podcast produced by the online publication ''[[The Intercept]]'' from 2018 to 2020.

Hasan is the author of ''[[Win Every Argument]]'' and the co-author of a biography of former [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] leader [[Ed Miliband]]. He was formerly the political editor of the UK edition of ''[[The Huffington Post]]'' and the presenter of the Al Jazeera English shows ''[[The Café (2011 talk show)|The Café]]'', ''Head to Head'', and ''UpFront''. After departing MSNBC, Hasan joined ''[[The Guardian]]'' as a [[columnist]] and created the digital media company Zeteo in February 2024, and returned as host of ''Head to Head'' in June that year.

==Early life and education==
Hasan was born on 10 July 1979<ref>{{cite web |date=4 April 2014 |title=Head to head – Will the internet set us free? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/head-to-head/2014/4/4/will-the-internet-set-us-free |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404203842/http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/headtohead/2014/02/will-internet-set-us-free-201421392117702994.html |archive-date=4 April 2014 |work=[[Al Jazeera English]] |at=7:20 – 7:25 min}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mehdi Raza HASAN – Personal Appointments |url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/1wPnnRkPaWz1hE1pgbDC8TsTKv8/appointments |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203073131/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/1wPnnRkPaWz1hE1pgbDC8TsTKv8/appointments |archive-date=3 February 2017 |publisher=[[Companies House]]}}</ref> in [[Swindon]], Wiltshire, in [[South West England]] to [[Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent|Shia Muslim]] parents from [[Hyderabad]] in [[Telangana]], Southern India.<ref>{{cite tweet |last=Hasan |first=Mehdi |author-link=Mehdi Hasan |user=mehdirhasan |number=680798964480913410 |date=26 December 2015 |title=I'm British, of Indian origin. Here's ludicrous, offensive, inaccurate tweet that ludicrous Fatah quietly deleted: https://t.co/p0yZnqhVku |language=en |access-date=20 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709194505/https://twitter.com/mehdirhasan/status/680798964480913410 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tweet1">{{cite tweet |last=Hasan |first=Mehdi |author-link=Mehdi Hasan |user=mehdirhasan |number=1106966269897646080 |date=16 March 2019 |title=My dad is an engineer from Hyderabad, India. These stories are so hard to read. RIP. My thoughts and prayers and solidarity goes out to all the victims' families. https://t.co/ty5FqIAyLo |language=en |access-date=20 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528112124/https://twitter.com/mehdirhasan/status/1106966269897646080 |archive-date=28 May 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |last=Hasan |first=Mehdi |author-link=Mehdi Hasan |user=mehdirhasan |number=1352021522190315525 |date=20 January 2021 |title=I'm the proud son of south Indian immigrants to the West myself so, yes, let me take some pride in this historic success of the daughter of a south Indian immigrant. And, no, it doesn't mean I agree with the new VP's policies or positions on any particular issue. Grow up, folks |language=en |access-date=20 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422094038/https://twitter.com/mehdirhasan/status/1352021522190315525 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> His mother is a doctor and his father, an engineer. Hasan grew up in [[Harrow, London|Harrow]], an area of outer North West London.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/news/mehdi-hasan-interview/|title=Mehdi Hasan on making it in America and why media can't 'reset the clock' on Trump|work=Press Gazette|first=William|last=Turvill|date=10 March 2022|accessdate=28 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/mehdi-hasan-zeteo-msnbc-palestine.html|title=Mehdi Hasan Wants to Debate You|work=New York Magazine|author=E. Alex Chung|date=23 April 2024|accessdate=28 August 2025}}{{subscription required}}</ref>

Hasan was privately educated at [[Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood|Merchant Taylors' School]], an independent day school for boys at Sandy Lodge, in the [[Three Rivers District]] of [[Hertfordshire]], near [[Northwood, London|Northwood]] in North West London.<ref name="mts">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtsn.org.uk/index.php?id=159 |title=OMTs |publisher=Merchant Taylors' School |access-date=23 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429162214/http://www.mtsn.org.uk/index.php?id=159 |archive-date=29 April 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hasan and British actor and rapper [[Riz Ahmed]] were classmates.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Hasan |first=Mehdi |date=8 August 2024 |title='We've Hit a Tipping Point' – Riz Ahmed on Protest, Joy, and the Power of Story |url=https://zeteo.com/p/freedom-is-about-exploring-joy-riz |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=Zeteo |language=en}}</ref> Hasan subsequently went up to [[Christ Church, Oxford|Christ Church]], [[University of Oxford]], graduating in 2000 with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA) degree in [[philosophy, politics and economics]] (PPE).<ref name="mts" />

==Career==

=== 2009–2011: Early beginnings ===
Hasan worked as a researcher and then producer on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]'s [[Jonathan Dimbleby]] programme,<ref name="telqt">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/9634721/Question-Time-live.html |title=Question Time: as it happened 26th October |date=25 October 2012 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=23 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029004908/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/9634721/Question-Time-live.html |archive-date=29 October 2012 }}</ref> with a brief period in between on [[BBC One]]'s ''[[The Politics Show]]''.<ref name="telqt" /> Following this, he became deputy executive producer on [[Sky News|Sky]]'s breafast show [[Sunrise (British TV programme)|''Sunrise'']],<ref name="telqt" /> before moving to [[Channel 4]] as their editor of news and current affairs.<ref name="pg">{{cite web |url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=49357&c=1 |title=Mehdi Hasan joins HuffPo UK as political director |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907190030/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=49357&c=1 |archive-date=7 September 2012 |work=Press Gazette |date=21 May 2012 }}</ref> He was appointed senior editor for politics at the ''[[New Statesman]]'' in late spring of 2009,<ref>{{cite news |first=Dany |last=Al Samad |url=https://www.journalism.co.uk/media-appointments/new-statesman-recruits-mehdi-hasan-as-senior-editor-politics-/s8/a534650/ |date=4 June 2009 |title=New Statesman recruits Mehdi Hasan as senior editor (Politics) |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009111441/http://www.journalism.co.uk/media-appointments/new-statesman-recruits-mehdi-hasan-as-senior-editor-politics-/s8/a534650/ |archive-date=9 October 2013 |work=Journalism.co.uk }}</ref> where he stayed until May 2012, then becoming political director of ''[[The Huffington Post]]'' website.<ref name="pg" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Mehdi Hasan |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/mehdi-hasan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402065544/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/mehdi-hasan/ |archive-date=2 April 2013 |access-date=23 March 2013 |work=[[The Huffington Post]]}}</ref>

=== 2012–2020: ''Al Jazeera'' and ''The Intercept'' ===
[[File:Mehdi Hasan and Martin Kettle.jpg|thumb|Hasan and [[Martin Kettle]] at a [[Labour Party conference]] in 2012]]
Hasan became a presenter on [[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]'s English news channel in May 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/pressoffice/2012/05/20125178571568173.html |title=Mehdi Hasan joins Al Jazeera as host |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711222615/http://www.aljazeera.com/pressoffice/2012/05/20125178571568173.html |archive-date=11 July 2012 |work=Al-Jazeera |date=17 May 2012 }}</ref> Hasan has appeared (six times) on the BBC's ''[[Question Time (TV programme)|Question Time]]'' programme,<ref>On 13 May 2010, 23 September 2010, 10 February 2011, 8 December 2011, 25 October 2012 and 3 October 2013</ref> and the Sunday morning programmes ''[[The Big Questions]]'' and ''[[Sunday Morning Live (BBC)|Sunday Morning Live]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00xhgkl |title=The Big Questions |access-date=23 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120204737/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00xhgkl |archive-date=20 January 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0147f3t |title=Sunday Morning Live |access-date=23 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730140339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0147f3t |archive-date=30 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> On ''Question Time'' in October 2013, Hasan called the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' "immigrant-bashing, woman-hating, Muslim-smearing, NHS-undermining, [and] gay-baiting". The newspaper responded by printing an e-mail he had sent them in 2010, in which he asked for a column and praised several of their viewpoints. Hasan said the "sycophantic" letter was his writing but criticised the newspaper's decision to publish it.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Boyle |first1=Darren |title=Mehdi Hasan: Mail only published my column application letter because Question Time clip went viral |url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/publishers/nationals/mehdi-hasan-mail-only-published-my-job-application-letter-because-question-time/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |work=Press Gazette |date=6 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Journalist Mehdi Hasan in spat with 'Muslim-smearing' Daily Mail |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/media/print/2013/10/06/Journalist-Mehdi-Hasan-in-spat-with-Muslim-smearing-Daily-Mail- |access-date=29 October 2024 |work=Al-Arabiya |date=6 October 2013}}</ref>

In 2013, Hasan took part in a debate at the [[Oxford Union]] to consider whether [[Islam]] is a peaceful religion. Hasan, who is a [[Twelver Shia Muslim]], vouched for Islam as a [[religion of peace]], citing political and cultural reasons for violence in Muslim majority countries, as opposed to holding the religion of Islam responsible. In the vote on the motion, the house affirmed with Hasan and the other proposers that Islam is a religion of peace with 286 votes in favor and 168 votes against.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/Jy9tNyp03M0 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20130707050714/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jy9tNyp03M0&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jy9tNyp03M0 |title=Mehdi Hasan {{!}} Islam Is A Peaceful Religion {{!}} Oxford Union |website=YouTube |date=3 July 2013 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> In March 2015, Hasan appeared in a ''Guardian'' opinion video on UK immigration.<ref>{{Citation |title=Immigration: the big lie – Mehdi Hasan {{!}} Comment is Free |date=24 March 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exCD8IUx5s8 |access-date=2024-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222055700/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exCD8IUx5s8 |archive-date=22 February 2024 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> Recorded at the Oxford Union, ''Head to Head'' was a programme on Al Jazeera English in which Hasan interviewed public figures;<ref name="AJHeadToHead2024">{{cite web |date=19 June 2024 |title=Al Jazeera announces the return of 'Head to Head' with Mehdi Hasan |url=https://network.aljazeera.net/en/press-releases/al-jazeera-announces-return-%E2%80%98head-head%E2%80%99-mehdi-hasan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803010727/https://network.aljazeera.net/en/press-releases/al-jazeera-announces-return-%E2%80%98head-head%E2%80%99-mehdi-hasan |archive-date=3 August 2024 |access-date=2 August 2024 |work=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mehdi Hasan – Profile |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/profile/mehdi-hasan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707023722/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/profile/mehdi-hasan.html |archive-date=7 July 2013 |access-date=23 March 2013 |work=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref><ref name="AJ1214">{{cite news |date=18 December 2014 |title=Mehdi Hasan to host new weekly show on Al Jazeera |url=http://pr.aljazeera.com/post/105514616575/mehdi-hasan-to-host-new-weekly-show-on-al-jazeera |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218140031/http://pr.aljazeera.com/post/105514616575/mehdi-hasan-to-host-new-weekly-show-on-al-jazeera |archive-date=18 December 2014 |work=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> it had run for three series by December 2014. Since 2015, working full-time for the network in Washington, D.C., Hasan has hosted a weekly interview and discussion programme.<ref name="AJ1214"/>

Hasan began a podcast in 2018 entitled ''Deconstructed'', produced by the [[investigative journalism]] website ''[[The Intercept]]''.<ref name="acast goodbye" /> On air, Hasan would discuss recent news topics and host guests. Notable topics covered on the podcast include [[police brutality]], inequality, [[QAnon]], and [[Donald Trump]]'s [[Twitter use by Donald Trump|activity on Twitter]]. Notable podcast guests have included [[Noam Chomsky]], [[Ilhan Omar]], and [[Bernie Sanders]]. On 2 October 2020, Hasan announced that he would no longer host the show as part of his move to host ''The Mehdi Hasan Show'' on [[NBC]]'s new streaming service, [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]].<ref name="acast goodbye">{{cite web |last1=Hasan |first1=Mehdi Hasan |title=A Goodbye Message from Mehdi |url=https://play.acast.com/s/deconstructed-with-mehdi-hasan/agoodbyemessagefrommehdi |website=Acast.com |publisher=Acast |access-date=2 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008031204/https://play.acast.com/s/deconstructed-with-mehdi-hasan/agoodbyemessagefrommehdi |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== 2021–2024: ''The Mehdi Hasan Show'' and move from MSNBC to ''The Guardian'' ===
Hasan hosted ''The Mehdi Hasan Show''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.peacocktv.com/watch-online/news/the-mehdi-hasan-show/8868358030342682112 |title=Watch The Mehdi Hasan Show Streaming Online | Peacock |website=@peacocktv |access-date=16 March 2021 |archive-date=1 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501203947/https://www.peacocktv.com/watch-online/news/the-mehdi-hasan-show/8868358030342682112 |url-status=live }}</ref> on the online service Peacock since October 2020 airing weeknights at 7 pm [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nieto |first=Phillip |date=3 October 2020 |title=Peacock Announces Shows For Mehdi Hasan and Zerlina Maxwell |url=https://www.mediaite.com/news/peacocks-news-channel-announces-primetime-shows-for-mehdi-hasan-and-zerlina-maxwell/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112194541/https://www.mediaite.com/news/peacocks-news-channel-announces-primetime-shows-for-mehdi-hasan-and-zerlina-maxwell/ |archive-date=12 January 2021 |access-date=6 October 2020 |website=Mediaite |language=en}}</ref> Notable guests on ''The Mehdi Hasan Show'' have included [[Mark Ruffalo]], [[Jon Stewart]], [[John Bolton]], [[Keith Ellison]], [[Ro Khanna]], [[John Legend]], and [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]]. In March 2021, Hasan launched the same show on [[MSNBC]] every Sunday evening.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/msnbc-gives-mehdi-hasan-show-181638412.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZWNvc2lhLm9yZy8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAKjCK55G4lOmLL6By4nEiXd1XlxkFu9OGanB_3fAjaA4HVlWitOpXMu9_Bm4DwR_-OZQIeBJwG-Ek9Hp5dIM_hiCsn6k0wctuBHbNC6uuOy568cVLV3A0jUpKWGSpRfh8X4EB4Ulyznirvm2Wz_PwenFWX8OgaN51GWTD-ZH-Zc- |last=Johnson |first=Ted |title=MSNBC Gives Mehdi Hasan's Show A Sunday Night Slot |publisher=Yahoo News |date=25 February 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021 |archive-date=18 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918140307/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/msnbc-gives-mehdi-hasan-show-181638412.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZWNvc2lhLm9yZy8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAKjCK55G4lOmLL6By4nEiXd1XlxkFu9OGanB_3fAjaA4HVlWitOpXMu9_Bm4DwR_-OZQIeBJwG-Ek9Hp5dIM_hiCsn6k0wctuBHbNC6uuOy568cVLV3A0jUpKWGSpRfh8X4EB4Ulyznirvm2Wz_PwenFWX8OgaN51GWTD-ZH-Zc- |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.msnbc.com/Mehdi-Hasan |title=The Mehdi Hasan Show on MSNBC |website=[[MSNBC]] |access-date=16 March 2021 |archive-date=30 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330202303/https://www.msnbc.com/mehdi-hasan |url-status=live }}</ref> He was also the fill-in host on MSNBC's ''[[All In with Chris Hayes]]'', ''[[The Rachel Maddow Show]]'', ''[[The 11th Hour with Stephanie Ruhle]]'', and ''[[The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell]]''.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

During the [[Gaza war]], MSNBC cancelled Hasan's show.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-13 |title=Inside MSNBC's Middle East conflict |url=https://www.semafor.com/article/10/13/2023/inside-msnbcs-middle-east-conflict |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=[[Semafor (website)|Semafor]] |language=en |archive-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014233532/https://www.semafor.com/article/10/13/2023/inside-msnbcs-middle-east-conflict |url-status=live }}</ref> NBC stated the change was coincidental and not due to the host's religion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-16 |title=MSNBC denies report it sidelined Muslim anchors |url=https://nypost.com/2023/10/16/msnbc-denies-report-it-sidelined-muslim-anchors/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |language=en-US |archive-date=21 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021144557/https://nypost.com/2023/10/16/msnbc-denies-report-it-sidelined-muslim-anchors/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Heer |first=Jeet |date=2023-10-16 |title=The Fight Over MSNBC's Cave-in to Islamophobia |language=en-US |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/society/msnbc-gaza-hosts-islamophobia/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |issn=0027-8378 |archive-date=21 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021185406/https://www.thenation.com/article/society/msnbc-gaza-hosts-islamophobia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Eric Bazail-Eimil of ''[[Politico]]'' noted, the decision made by the network "in favor of more straight news coverage of the conflict".<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.politico.com/news/2023/11/30/msnbc-mehdi-hasan-show-canceled-00129435|title= Progressives criticize MSNBC for canceling Mehdi Hasan show|website= Politico|date= 30 November 2023|accessdate= 13 March 2024|archive-date= 13 March 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240313215847/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/11/30/msnbc-mehdi-hasan-show-canceled-00129435|url-status= live}}</ref> On 30 November 2023, it was announced that Hasan's MSNBC and Peacock shows would end.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Ted |title=MSNBC To Drop Mehdi Hasan's Show, Launch 'The Weekend' As Part Of Overhaul Of Saturday And Sunday Lineup |url=https://deadline.com/2023/11/msnbc-weekend-mehdi-hasan-1235644017/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=30 November 2023 |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130162112/https://deadline.com/2023/11/msnbc-weekend-mehdi-hasan-1235644017/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Steinberg |first=Brian |date=25 February 2021 |title=Mehdi Hasan Launches Show in MSNBC Weekend Prime |url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/mehdi-hasan-msnbc-weekend-sunday-1234915291/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323152404/https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/mehdi-hasan-msnbc-weekend-sunday-1234915291/ |archive-date=23 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 November 2023 |title=MSNBC cancels Mehdi Hasan's show |url=https://www.semafor.com/article/11/30/2023/msnbc-cancels-mehdi-hasans-show |access-date=30 November 2023 |website=[[Semafor (website)|Semafor]] |language=en}}</ref> Hasan announced at the end of his final show on 7 January 2024 that he had decided to leave the network.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weprin |first=Alex |date=2024-01-08 |title=Mehdi Hasan Exits MSNBC After Cancelation of His Sunday Show |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/mehdi-hasan-out-msnbc-after-show-canceled-1235781248/ |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=8 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108031327/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/mehdi-hasan-out-msnbc-after-show-canceled-1235781248/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=8 January 2024 |title=Medhi Hasan Leaves MSNBC After Show Cancellation |url=https://www.thewrap.com/mehdi-hasan-leaves-msnbc-show-canceled/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108025428/https://www.thewrap.com/mehdi-hasan-leaves-msnbc-show-canceled/ |archive-date=8 January 2024 |access-date=8 January 2024 |work=The Wrap}}</ref> Hasan joined ''[[The Guardian]]'' as a regular columnist in February.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mastrangelo |first=Dominick |date=2024-02-21 |title=Former MSNBC host Mehdi Hasan joining The Guardian |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/media/4480462-former-msnbc-host-mehdi-hasan-joining-the-guardian/ |access-date=2024-02-22 |work=The Hill |language=en-US |archive-date=22 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222054934/https://thehill.com/homenews/media/4480462-former-msnbc-host-mehdi-hasan-joining-the-guardian/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 February 2024 |title=Guardian US announces Mehdi Hasan as new regular columnist |url=https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-us-press-office/2024/feb/21/guardian-us-announces-mehdi-hasan-as-new-regular-columnist |access-date=22 February 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

=== 2024–present: Launching of the digital media company Zeteo and the return of ''Head to Head'' ===
''[[Forbes]]'' interviewed Hasan in February 2024 when the website [[Zeteo]] was created on the [[Substack]] platform. Hasan stated that Zeteo is "an ancient Greek word that means to seek out, to inquire, to get to the truth".<ref name=Joyella>{{Cite news |last=Joyella |first=Mark |date=2024-02-28 |title=Mehdi Hasan Says His New Digital Media Company Will Allow Him 'To Speak Bluntly' About The News |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/markjoyella/2024/02/28/mehdi-hasan-says-his-new-digital-media-company-will-allow-him-to-speak-bluntly-about-the-news/ |work=Forbes |access-date=2024-03-15 |archive-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323122701/https://www.forbes.com/sites/markjoyella/2024/02/28/mehdi-hasan-says-his-new-digital-media-company-will-allow-him-to-speak-bluntly-about-the-news/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Zeteo was presented as a subscription-based news organization. He announced that the platform will "bring you hard-hitting interviews and unsparing analysis that you won't find elsewhere".<ref name=Joyella /> Hasan presents a new video series on the Zeteo News channel,<ref name=Debunked>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-06|title=Debunked! – the first in Mehdi Hassan's new series|url=https://www.jewishvoiceforlabour.org.uk/article/seven-lies-abut-gaza-debunked-the-first-in-mehdi-hassans-new-series/ |work=Jewishvoiceforlabour.org |access-date=2024-03-15}}</ref> the first one was called "Debunked! Top seven lies about Gaza".<ref name=Debunked />

Contributors announced upon ''Zeteo's'' launch in April 2024 included [[Naomi Klein]], [[Greta Thunberg]], [[Viet Thanh Nguyen]], [[John Harwood (journalist)|John Harwood]], [[Fatima Bhutto]], and [[Owen Jones]], who would co-host the podcast ''Two Outspoken'' alongside Hasan.<ref name=":2" /> On 19 April 2024, it was announced that [[Bassem Youssef]] will join Zeteo as co-host for their new podcast ''We're Not Kidding''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Bassem Youssef Joins Zeteo |url=https://zeteo.com/p/exclusive-bassem-youssef-joins-zeteo |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=zeteo.com |language=en}}</ref> In June 2024, Al-Jazeera announced the return of Hasan as host of ''Head to Head''.<ref name="AJHeadToHead2024" /> The programme returned with two interviews, one with Israeli historian, [[Benny Morris]], and another with the former translator for [[Deng Xiaoping]], [[Victor Gao]], recorded in London in July 2024.<ref name="AJHeadToHead2024" />

In late October 2024, Hasan appeared as a guest panelist on the [[CNN]] show ''[[CNN NewsNight|NewsNight with Abby Phillip]]''. During the discussion, CNN contributor Ryan Girdusky told Hasan, "I hope your beeper doesn’t go off", referring to the [[2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks]]. Hasan responded by asking Girdusky, "Did you just say I should be killed live on CNN?" After a break, Girdusky was removed from the panel and host [[Abby Phillip]] apologized to Hasan. CNN released a statement saying "There is zero room for racism or bigotry at CNN" and that Girdusky would not be invited back to the network.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/29/business/cnn-pager-comment-mehdi-hasan.html|title=CNN Bars Pro-Trump Guest After His 'Beeper' Remark to Mehdi Hasan|last=Grynbaum|first=Michael M.|work=[[The New York Times]]|quote=CNN barred a conservative commentator from its programs after he made on-air remarks on Monday that seemed to imply that another guest, the pundit Mehdi Hasan, was a member of Hezbollah.|date=29 October 2024|accessdate=29 October 2024}}</ref> Zeteo released the documentary ''[[Gaza: Doctors Under Attack]]'' in July 2025 after the BBC decided not to air the film.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Meek |first1=Andy |date=2 July 2025 |title=Mehdi Hasan's Zeteo Picks Up Gaza Doctor Documentary The BBC Refused To Air |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/andymeek/2025/07/02/mehdi-hasans-zeteo-picks-up-gaza-doctor-documentary-the-bbc-refused-to-air/ |access-date=2 July 2025 |work=Forbes}}</ref>

==Views and political beliefs==

=== Islamic faith ===
During a sermon delivered in 2009, Hasan made remarks about "the [[Kafir|kuffar]], the disbelievers, the atheists who remain deaf and stubborn to the teachings of Islam, the rational message of the [[Quran]]". Quoting a verse of the Quran, Hasan used the term "cattle" to describe non-believers and called them "incapable of the intellectual effort it requires to shake off those blind prejudices."<ref>{{cite web |title=Arbaeen Majlis 2009 (Mehdi Hassan) |publisher=Islamic Unity Society |date=2009 |url=http://www.ius.org.uk/audio/arbaeen-majlis-2009.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907055648/http://www.ius.org.uk/audio/arbaeen-majlis-2009.html |archive-date=7 September 2011}}</ref><ref name="Non-Believers">{{Cite news |first=Jon |last=Levine |title=Al Jazeera Host Mehdi Hasan Apologizes for Past Criticisms of Non-Believers |newspaper=The Wrap |date=25 March 2019 |url=https://www.thewrap.com/al-jazeera-host-mehdi-hasan-apologizes-for-past-criticisms-of-non-believers/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |archive-date=19 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119043625/https://www.thewrap.com/al-jazeera-host-mehdi-hasan-apologizes-for-past-criticisms-of-non-believers/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Murray">{{Cite web |first=Douglas |last=Murray |title=Peter Hitchens vs Mehdi Hasan |newspaper=The Spectator |date=6 August 2012 |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/peter-hitchens-vs-mehdi-hasan |access-date=17 March 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317201616/https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/peter-hitchens-vs-mehdi-hasan |url-status=live }}</ref> He also included [[homosexuality]] in a list of categories which he argued were transgressive of Islam.<ref name="Non-Believers"/> Quotes from these sermons were first publicized by [[Peter Hitchens]] in 2012; in his immediate response, Hasan argued these statements had been "selectively edited".<ref name="Murray" />

In 2019, Hasan apologized for his comments, which he declared to "deeply regret" now, and called them "dumb offensive ranty stuff".<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1109562125838630915 |user=mehdirhasan |title=Like a lot of journos (humans?) I've said things years ago that I now deeply regret. Chief among them for me is, more than a decade ago, in my 20s, when I wasn't a public figure, I gave a bunch of speeches to students on Islam/extremism. And I said dumb offensive ranty stuff. 2/ |first=Mehdi |last=Hasan |date=23 Mar 2019 |access-date=10 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/al-jazeera-host-mehdi-hasan-apologizes-for-past-criticisms-of-non-believers/ |title=Al Jazeera Host Mehdi Hasan Apologizes for Past Criticisms of Non-Believers|date=25 March 2019|access-date=12 January 2021|archive-date=19 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119043625/https://www.thewrap.com/al-jazeera-host-mehdi-hasan-apologizes-for-past-criticisms-of-non-believers/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Gaza war===

In February 2024, Hasan argued in ''[[The Guardian]]'' that U.S. president [[Joe Biden]] could have ended the [[Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip]] by applying pressure on Israel.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hasan |first=Mehdi |date=2024-02-21 |title=Biden can end the bombing of Gaza right now. Here's how |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/feb/21/biden-stop-gaza-bombing-genocide-israel |access-date=2024-09-10 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910063200/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/feb/21/biden-stop-gaza-bombing-genocide-israel |url-status=live }}</ref> During an interview on ''[[Democracy Now!]]'' in late March 2024, Hasan expressed his concern about [[Gaza genocide|genocide in Gaza]] with regard to the [[Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip]], and that Palestinian perspectives are not shared in U.S. media.<ref>{{cite AV media |people=Amy Goodman, Nermeen Shaikh (Hosts), Mehdi Hasan (Guest) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJGumuVW2iA |title=Mehdi Hasan on Genocide in Gaza, the Silencing of Palestinian Voices in U.S. Media & Trump's Fascism |access-date=14 March 2024 |work=Democracy Now! |date=14 March 2024 |time=4:17,13:24 |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315054107/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJGumuVW2iA |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Middle East Eye]] reported that Hasan "challenges [[Piers Morgan]]'s treatment of pro-Palestinian guests".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXIuliSNDS4 |title=Mehdi Hassan challenges Piers Morgan's treatment of pro-Palestinian guests |access-date=14 March 2024 |work=[[Middle East Eye]] |date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315054107/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXIuliSNDS4 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Abortion===
Hasan used to be [[Anti-abortion movements|against abortion]], a position he has since rejected. In an October 2012 online column for the ''[[New Statesman]]'' he defended his anti-abortion views in print, writing:<blockquote>"What I would like is for my fellow lefties and liberals to try to understand and respect the views of those of us who are pro-life, rather than demonise us as right-wing reactionaries or medieval misogynists."<ref name="Hasan1211">{{cite news |last=Hasan |first=Mehdi |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/lifestyle/lifestyle/2012/10/being-pro-life-doesnt-make-me-any-less-lefty |title=Being pro-life doesn't make me any less of a lefty |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105073414/http://www.newstatesman.com/lifestyle/lifestyle/2012/10/being-pro-life-doesnt-make-me-any-less-lefty |archive-date=5 January 2013 |work=New Statesman |date=11 October 2012}} Hasan's two articles on the abortion debate were cross-posted at ''The Huffington Post''.</ref></blockquote>Hasan argued that the issue of abortion is,<blockquote>"one of those rare political issues on which left and right seem to have swapped ideologies: right-wingers talk of equality, human rights and 'defending the innocent', while left-wingers fetishise 'choice', selfishness and unbridled individualism."<ref name="Hasan1211" /></blockquote>He later expressed regret for his comments.<ref name="Hasan1216">{{cite news |last=Hasan |first=Mehdi |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2012/10/10-things-i-learned-debating-abortion-twitter |title=10 things I learned from debating abortion on Twitter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218110641/http://www.newstatesman.com/lifestyle/2012/10/10-things-i-learned-debating-abortion-twitter |url-status=live |archive-date=18 December 2012 |work=New Statesman |date=16 October 2012}}</ref> The article gained much attention on Twitter,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/iv-drip/has-prolifer-mehdi-hasan-been-victimised-on-twitter-8212873.html |url-status=live |title=Has pro-lifer Mehdi Hasan been victimised on Twitter? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227014541/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/iv-drip/has-prolifer-mehdi-hasan-been-victimised-on-twitter-8212873.html |archive-date=27 December 2012 |work=The Independent |date=16 October 2012}}</ref> and Hasan debated the issue with [[Suzanne Moore]] on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s ''[[Today (BBC Radio 4)|Today]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_9760000/9760248.stm |title=Can the left be anti-abortion? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203034113/http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_9760000/9760248.stm |url-status=live |archive-date=3 December 2012 |work=Today |publisher=BBC News |date=16 October 2012}}</ref> In a series of tweets in 2020, Hasan expressed regret for "having expressed offensive & illiberal views in the past on everything from homosexuality to abortion" and stated that they were views he no longer holds.<ref>{{cite tweet |last=Hasan |first=Mehdi |author-link=Mehdi Hasan |user=mehdirhasan |number=1280693015280078848 |date=7 July 2020 |title=I'm under no illusions btw: I say this as someone who has been lambasted by many liberals online – & almost hounded out of a job – for having expressed offensive & illiberal views in the past on everything from homosexuality to abortion (views which I regret, & no longer hold). |language=en |access-date=20 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614183105/https://twitter.com/mehdirhasan/status/1280693015280078848 |archive-date=14 June 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Pakistan ===
Hasan has been critical of the human rights situation in [[Human rights in Pakistan|Pakistan]], expressing disapproval of the country's [[Blasphemy in Pakistan|blasphemy law]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hasan |first=Mehdi |date=21 August 2012 |title=Not In My Name: Islam, Pakistan and the Blasphemy Laws |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/mehdi-hasan/not-in-my-name-islam-pakistan-and-blasphemy-laws_b_1815522.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813165736/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/mehdi-hasan/not-in-my-name-islam-pakistan-and-blasphemy-laws_b_1815522.html |archive-date=2021-08-13 |website=[[HuffPost UK]] |language=en}}</ref> as well as enforced disappearances in [[Balochistan]]. He has also criticised the human rights situation in both Indian and Pakistan-administered [[Kashmir]], and has called out alleged backing from Pakistan for [[Islamic terrorist]] groups like [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] and [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] to carry out attacks in Indian Kashmir.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hasan |first1=Mehdi |last2=Mazari |first2=Shireen |title=Kashmir and Balochistan: Will Pakistan own up to rights abuses? |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJLYxkUN3zY |work=UpFront |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]] |via=YouTube |access-date=19 November 2021 |archive-date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119112254/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJLYxkUN3zY |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Saudi Arabia ===
Hasan has made several statements in opposition to the [[Saudi government]], including challenging a statement made by [[Donald Trump]], in which he claimed that he himself had no financial interests in Saudi Arabia, an allegation which Trump called "fake news".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/16/politics/donald-trump-saudi-financial-interests/index.html |title=No financial interests in Saudi Arabia? Trump has said differently before |first1=Kevin|last1=Liptak|first2=Erica|last2=Orden |website=CNN |date=16 October 2018 |access-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220002936/https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/16/politics/donald-trump-saudi-financial-interests/index.html |archive-date=20 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hasan challenged Trump's statements in a video essay published by ''[[The Intercept]]'' in October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theintercept.com/2018/10/16/donald-trump-saudi-arabia/ |title=Does Saudi Arabia Own Donald Trump? |last=Hasan |first=Mehdi |date=16 October 2018 |website=The Intercept |language=en-US |access-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220062819/https://theintercept.com/2018/10/16/donald-trump-saudi-arabia/ |archive-date=20 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2019, during a debate organised by [[Intelligence Squared]] in London,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/world/west-needs-to-cut-all-ties-with-saudi-arabia-3473913 |title='West needs to cut all ties with Saudi Arabia' |last=Şafak |first=Yeni |website=Yeni Şafak |language=tr-TR |access-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220003142/https://www.yenisafak.com/en/world/west-needs-to-cut-all-ties-with-saudi-arabia-3473913 |archive-date=20 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hasan stated that the West should cut ties with Saudi Arabia, saying: "It's time we make clear that the West needs to cut its ties with Saudi Arabia, especially military ties, arms exports, weapons, bombs."<ref name=":0" /> The comments were made in response to the [[assassination of Jamal Khashoggi]], allegedly ordered by the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, [[Mohammad bin Salman]], as well as several human rights violations which Hasan cited as also being carried out by Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shalaby |first=Khaled |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/video/mehdi-hasan-argues-west-should-cut-ties-saudi-arabia |title=Mehdi Hasan argues that the West should cut ties with Saudi Arabia |work=Middle East Eye |access-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220062914/https://www.middleeasteye.net/video/mehdi-hasan-argues-west-should-cut-ties-saudi-arabia |date=5 February 2019 |archive-date=20 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hasan had previously interviewed Khashoggi about freedom of speech in Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hasan |first1=Mehdi |last2=Khashoggi |first2=Jamal |last3=Shihabi |first3=Ali |date=20 Oct 2018 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/khashoggi-life-mbs-dares-speak-181010065141849.html |title=Khashoggi on life under MBS: 'Nobody dares to speak' |work=UpFront |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206191401/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/khashoggi-life-mbs-dares-speak-181010065141849.html |archive-date=6 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== India ===
Hasan has repeatedly criticised rising religious nationalism, democratic backsliding, and suppression of dissent in India. During a February 2021 segment on The Mehdi Hasan Show, he described the [[Government of India|Indian government's]] response to the [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest|farmer protests]] as indicative of “accelerated” authoritarianism, drawing explicit comparisons between the Indian government and former U.S. President Donald Trump.<ref name="Quint2021">{{cite web |last=TheQuint |title=Govt Authoritarianism Accelerating: Mehdi Hasan on Farmer Protests |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/mehdi-hasan-farmers-protest-rihanna-indian-govt-descending-into-authoritarianism |work=The Quint |date=5 February 2021 |access-date=20 July 2025}}</ref>

In an interview in March 2023, he characterised the political climate under [[Narendra Modi|Prime Minister Narendra Modi]] as "increasingly authoritarian". He highlighted threats to minority communities, [[Violence against Muslims in India|including Muslims]], and cited India's plunge in the [[Reporters Without Borders]] press freedom index—from around 80th place two decades ago to near 180th—as a "depressing signal" for democracy.<ref name="Scroll2023">{{cite web |last=Fernandes |first=Naresh |title=Mehdi Hasan on why effective debating is crucial in today's political climate |url=https://scroll.in/article/1046041/mehdi-hasan-interview-from-india-to-hungary-autocrats-around-the-world-all-have-trumpian-tics |work=Scroll.in |date=24 March 2023 |access-date=20 July 2025}}</ref> In 2015, following his interview with [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] leader [[Ram Madhav]], Hasan described the backlash he received from [[Hindutva|Hindutva supporters]], which he argued exemplified a growing intolerance toward critical journalism and dissenting voices in India.<ref name="IndianExpress2015">{{cite web |last=Pershad |first=Shivam |title=After Ram Madhav interview, talk show host writes: 'Hindu nationalist trolls' tried to paint me as ISIS supporter |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/after-ram-madhav-interview-talk-show-host-writes-hindu-nationalist-trolls-tried-to-paint-me-as-isis-supporter/ |work=The Indian Express |date=28 December 2015 |access-date=20 July 2025}}</ref>

Hasan has addressed the Kashmir conflict and the erosion of rights in the region. In a 2015 episode of ''Head to Head'', he pressed Indian politician [[Shashi Tharoor]] on human rights violations in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], citing an [[Amnesty International]] report that "not a single member of the security forces deployed in Jammu and Kashmir over the past 25 years has been tried for alleged human rights violations in a civilian court."<ref name="ALJazeeraTharoor">{{cite web |title=The fundamental problem is not Kashmir: Tharoor pushed on the roots of India–Pakistan tensions |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/video/upfront/2015/10/9/web-extra-shashi-tharoor-on-kashmir |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=9 October 2015 |access-date=20 July 2025}}</ref> In the exchange, Tharoor claimed the fundamental issue in India–Pakistan relations was the nature of the Pakistani state, a position Hasan challenged by referencing [[Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir|systemic abuses in Kashmir under Indian administration]].<ref name="ALJazeeraTharoor" />

== Personal life ==
Hasan is married. He and his wife have two daughters.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Jung |first=E. Alex |date=2024-04-23 |title=Mehdi Hasan Wants to Debate You |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/mehdi-hasan-zeteo-msnbc-palestine.html |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=[[Intelligencer (website)|Intelligencer]] |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512083452/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/mehdi-hasan-zeteo-msnbc-palestine.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He became a [[Naturalization|naturalized citizen]] of the United States on October 9, 2020.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1314548600345686016 |user=mehdirhasan |title=Anyways, back to the oath ceremony. Took the oath. Congratulated my fellow immigrants. Got the naturalization certificate. It's done. I'm officially a citizen of the United States and ready to vote, weeks before the most consequential U.S. election of our lifetimes. |author=Mehdi Hassan |date=9 October 2020}}</ref>

Hasan's father died in November 2025.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Hasan |first=Mehdi |date=2025-10-25 |title=My Tribute to My Dad Who Passed Away |url=https://zeteo.com/p/mehdi-hasan-tribute-to-father-who-passed-away |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=zeteo.com |language=en}}</ref> In a tribute, Hasan said as well as giving him a "great education, upbringing and start in life", he gave him "a vision of what a just, free, and inclusive society should look like", and "instilled the values" that Hasan "fights for today, especially at Zeteo".<ref name=":4" />

== Awards and recognition ==
In January 2014, Hasan was awarded the Services to Media award at the [[British Muslim Awards]].<ref name="asianimage">{{cite news |url=http://www.asianimage.co.uk/news/united_kingdom/10978079.British_Muslim_Awards_2014_winners/ |title=British Muslim Awards 2014 winners |publisher=Asian Image |date=31 January 2014 |access-date=1 November 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122185051/http://www.asianimage.co.uk/news/united_kingdom/10978079.British_Muslim_Awards_2014_winners/ |archive-date=22 November 2015 }}</ref> In 2017, he was named European Young Leader by the Brussels-based think tank {{interlanguage link|Friends of Europe|de}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.friendsofeurope.org/events/european-young-leaders-eyl40-programme-lisbon-seminar/#speakers |title=European Young Leaders (EYL40) programme – Lisbon seminar |website={{interlanguage link|Friends of Europe|de}} |date=16 March 2017 |language=en |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305073812/https://www.friendsofeurope.org/events/european-young-leaders-eyl40-programme-lisbon-seminar/#speakers |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, Hasan won the Society of Professional Journalists' [[Sigma Delta Chi Award]] for Online Column Writing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcing the 2018 Sigma Delta Chi Award winners |url=https://www.spj.org/news.asp?REF=1644 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225103940/https://www.spj.org/news.asp?ref=1644 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=16 March 2021 |website=[[Society of Professional Journalists]]}}</ref> Starting in spring of 2026 Hasan will be a visiting fellow at [[Georgetown University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mehdi Hasan |url=https://politics.georgetown.edu/profile/mehdi-hasan/ |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=Institute of Politics and Public Service |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Selected works==
* With James Macintyre. ''Ed: The Milibands and the making of a Labour leader'', London, Biteback Publishing, 2011. {{ISBN|978-1-84954-102-2}}
* ''Summer of Unrest: The Debt Delusion: Exposing ten Tory myths about debts, deficits and spending cuts'', Vintage Digital, 28 July 2011.
* ''[[Win Every Argument|Win Every Argument: The Art of Debating, Persuading, and Public Speaking]]''. Henry Holt and Co. 2023. ISBN 9781250853479

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Mehdi Hasan}}
*[http://www.newstatesman.com/mehdi-hasan Hasan at the New Statesman]
*[https://www.c-span.org/person/?mehdihasan Hasan on C-SPAN]
*[http://www.aljazeera.com/profile/mehdi-hasan.html Mehdi Hasan] at Al Jazeera English
*{{YouTube channel|handle=zeteonews|text=Zeteo News, Mehdi Hasan's YouTube channel}}
*[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3925728 Mehdi Hasan] at IMDb
*[https://zeteo.com/? Zeteo] (Substack)

{{Al Jazeera English personalities}}
{{American Book Awards (2020–2039)}}
{{Progressivism US footer}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasan, Mehdi}}
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Muslims]]
[[Category:21st-century American male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century British journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century British male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Muslims]]
[[Category:Al Jazeera people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]]
[[Category:American Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century American male journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:American people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:British Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:British expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:British activists for Palestinian solidarity]]
[[Category:British anti-Zionists]]
[[Category:British male journalists]]
[[Category:British writers of Indian descent]]
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:HuffPost writers and columnists]]
[[Category:Journalists from London]]
[[Category:MS NOW people]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]
[[Category:New Statesman people]]
[[Category:People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood]]
[[Category:People from Harrow, London]]
[[Category:People from Swindon]]
[[Category:Television personalities from London]]
[[Category:Television personalities from Wiltshire]]
[[Category:Writers from the London Borough of Harrow]]
[[Category:Writers from Wiltshire]]
[[Category:The Intercept people]]
[[Category:American activists for Palestinian solidarity]]

Vishnu Shankar Jain

2026-05-08T07:35:33Z

Kanchin789: started the details added tags...

{{Short description|Indian politician and lawyer (born 1986)}}{{Infobox person
| name = 
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1986|10|09|df=y}}
| birth_place =[[Prayagraj]], Uttar Pradesh
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = lawyer
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Vishnu Shankar Jain'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Hari Shankar and Vishnu Jain, lawyer duo fighting for the Hindu side in Gyanvapi case|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-meet-hari-shankar-and-vishnu-jain-lawyer-duo-fighting-for-the-hindu-side-in-gyanvapi-case-krishna-janmabhoomi-2956920|website=DNA India|access-date=2026-01-30|language=en|first=Shampa|last=Sen}}</ref> is an Indian lawyer known as a petitioner in various controversial claims including the demands of surveys on various Mosques in India.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Never led mob': Vishnu Jain claims Akhilesh, Owaisi spreading rumours on Sambhal violence|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/never-led-mob-vishnu-jain-claims-akhilesh-owaisi-spreading-rumours-on-sambhal-violence/articleshow/115731371.cms#:~:text='Never%20led%20mob':%20Vishnu,that%20caused%20the%20riots%20there.|work=The Times of India|date=2024-11-27|access-date=2026-01-30|issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=कौन हैं विष्णु शंकर जैन? संभल की जामा मस्जिद से लेकर ज्ञानवापी तक लड़ रहे ये केस|url=https://www.jansatta.com/national/who-is-vishnu-shankar-jain-sambhal-jama-masjid-survey-hari-har-mandir/3700834/|website=Jansatta|date=2024-11-25|access-date=2026-01-30|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=16th Century Mosque, A City On Fire: Sambhal Violence Explained|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sambhal-mosque-jama-masjid-up-violence-16th-century-mosque-a-city-on-fire-sambhal-violence-explained-7100779|work=www.ndtv.com|access-date=2026-01-30|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250524040720/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sambhal-mosque-jama-masjid-up-violence-16th-century-mosque-a-city-on-fire-sambhal-violence-explained-7100779|archive-date=2025-05-24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Prime accused in Sambhal violence case traced abroad, extradition efforts on|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttar-pradesh/prime-accused-in-sambhal-violence-case-traced-abroad-extradition-efforts-on/article70171473.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2025-10-16|access-date=2026-01-30|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN|last=PTI}}</ref>{{Notability|date=March 2026}}

== Early life==
Jain was born on 9 October 1986, he completed his law studies at Balaji Law College in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=hari shankar jain and vishnu shankar jain biography know lawyer father son duo who handle 102 hindu cases {{!}} कौन हैं वकील हरि शंकर जैन और विष्णु जैन? अयोध्या-काशी-मथुरा समेत 100 से ज्यादा केस लड़ रहे|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/up-uttarakhand/trending-news/hari-shankar-jain-and-vishnu-shankar-jain-biography-know-lawyer-father-son-duo-who-handle-102-hindu-cases/2013916|website=Zee Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand|access-date=2026-01-30|language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
=== Gyanvapi Mosque ===
In 2022, Jain and his father were among the lawyers representing the petitioners who demanded the survey of the [[Gyanvapi Mosque]] at a local Court in Varanasi.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gyanvapi dispute {{!}} Now, masjid panel too seeks removal of Vishnu Shankar Jain over 'conflict'|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gyanvapi-dispute-now-masjid-panel-too-seeks-removal-of-vishnu-shankar-jain-over-conflict/article65636033.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2022-07-13|access-date=2026-01-30|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN|first=Abhinay|last=Lakshman}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=“Not legally possible…” Vishnu Shankar Jain as petitioner seeks out-of-court settlement in Gyanvapi case |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/not-legally-possible-vishnu-shankar-jain-as-petitioner-seeks-out-of-court-settlement-in-gyanvapi-case/videoshow/102809401.cms |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-21 |title=Gyanvapi-Kashi Vishwanath case: Varanasi court allows scientific survey of mosque premises |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gyanvapi-kashi-vishwanath-case-varanasi-court-allows-scientific-survey-of-mosque-premises/articleshow/102012103.cms |access-date=2026-02-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The petitioners later announced that Jain and their team would no longer represent them. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Lakshman |first=Abhinay |date=2022-06-01 |title=Split among Gyanvapi Hindu plaintiffs may spread to other cases too |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/split-among-gyanvapi-hindu-plaintiffs-may-spread-to-other-cases-too/article65484411.ece |access-date=2026-02-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Shahi Eidgah Mosque ===
In 2023, he was a part of the group of lawyers who represented a petition to the [[Allahabad High Court]] seeking a survey of the [[Shahi Eidgah mosque (Mathura)]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-15 |title=Supreme Court refuses to stay Krishna Janmabhoomi survey order |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/supreme-court-refuses-to-stay-krishna-janmabhoomi-survey-order/articleshow/106016875.cms |access-date=2026-02-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The High Court initially permitted a survey, but The Supreme Court later stayed the survey, observing the plea was vague.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India court allows survey of historic mosque to see if it stands on temple |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/3/india-court-allows-survey-of-historic-mosque-to-see-if-it-stands-on-temple |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=2023-12-19 |title=Why has a survey been approved at the Shahi Idgah? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/why-has-a-survey-been-approved-at-the-shahi-idgah-explained/article67651898.ece |access-date=2026-02-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=2024-01-16 |title=Supreme Court stays Allahabad High Court order to appoint commission to inspect Shahi Idgah mosque premises in Mathura |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sc-stays-allahabad-hc-order-of-shahi-idgah-survey/article67743745.ece |access-date=2026-02-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Shahi Jama Masjid ===
In 2024, he along with his father, represented a group of Hindu plaintiffs in the civil Court of Sambhal, demanding a survey of [[Shahi Jama Masjid]] in [[Sambhal]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Subodh |date=2024-11-25 |title=A mandir-masjid dispute and a survey: What led to deadly Sambhal violence |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sambhal-violence-clash-shahi-masjid-history-mosque-survey-harihar-mandir-babur-2639634-2024-11-25 |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-27 |title=Why are Indian Muslims in Sambhal protesting? - TRT World |url=https://www.trtworld.com/article/778ad9a6d624 |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=www.trtworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

The prayer was granted ''ex parte'' and the survey was completed by the evening. Commentators and scholars note the litigation to be part of [[Anti-Mosque campaign in India|a broader Hindu nationalist assault]] on Indian Muslims.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-11-28 |title=How Sambhal row was born, post 1878 suit dismissal, post 1976 tension, when a priest met some familiar names |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/sambhal-row-dismissal-tension-priest-familiar-names-9695820/ |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-26 |title=Express view: Tragedy in Sambhal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/express-view-tragedy-in-sambhal-9690194/ |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

After a few days, again, there was an attempt at a fresh survey which gave rise to apprehensions that the surveyors were excavating the mosque; stone-pelting and arson followed, resulting in four deaths, likely from retaliatory police firing.<ref name=":0" />

A week later, the [[Supreme Court of India]] directed the Civil Court to pause all proceedings until the [[Allahabad High Court]]<nowiki/>heard the Mosque Committee's challenge to the survey order.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Anmol Kaur Bawa & Debby |date=2024-11-29 |title=Sambhal Masjid: Supreme Court Asks Trial Court To Defer Proceedings Till Survey Order Is Challenged, Keep Commissioner Report Sealed |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-asks-trial-court-not-to-proceed-till-sambhal-mosques-petition-against-survey-order-is-listed-in-hc-directs-not-to-open-commissioner-report-276723 |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref>
=== Waqf Act ===
In 2025, Jain also represented petitioners,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-27 |title=Supreme Court issues notice to Centre and states on petition challenging Waqf Act, 1995 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/waqf-centre-govt-states-petition-sc-10031615/ |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> in the Supreme Court of India challenging the Waqf Act (1995).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindu |first=The |date=2025-05-15 |title=Waqf (Amendment) Act SC hearing updates: CJI Gavai-led Bench lists waqf case for further hearing on May 20 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/waqf-amendment-act-supreme-court-hearing-live-updates-may-15-2025/article69577809.ece |access-date=2026-02-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-02 |title=Waqf Amendment Bill: Why Muslims are opposing it |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/waqf-amendment-bill-why-muslims-are-opposing-it/articleshow/119905795.cms#:~:text=In%20Varanasi,%20lawyer%20Vishnu%20Shankar,widows,%20divorced%20women%20and%20orphans. |access-date=2026-02-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court Waqf Act Hearing: Interim Relief Pleas Set for May 20 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/supreme-court-to-hear-on-may-20-question-of-interim-relief-in-pleas-against-waqf-act-3541710 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

=== VIP Darshan ===
In 2026, Jain was the counsel for the petitioner, Darpan Awasthi in the Supreme Court of India challenging the practice of [[VIP]] ''darshan'' at the [[Mahakaleshwar Temple]] in Ujjain.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-27 |title=‘In Mahakal’s presence, nobody is VIP’: SC declines to entertain appeal challenging Madhya Pradesh HC against ‘VIP darshan’ at Ujjain Mahakaleshwar Temple |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/legal-news/in-mahakals-presence-nobody-is-vip-sc-declines-to-entertain-appeal-challenging-madhya-pradesh-hc-against-vip-darshan-at-ujjain-mahakaleshwar-temple-10497032/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2026-01-27 |title=Supreme Court refuses to entertain plea against ‘VIP darshan’ at Ujjain Mahakal temple |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/madhya-pradesh/supreme-court-refuses-to-entertain-plea-against-vip-darshan-at-mahakal-temple/article70555873.ece |access-date=2026-04-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>The petition was refused to be entertained by Justice [[Surya Kant (judge)|Surya Kant]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-27 |title=‘Nobody can be VIP in Mahakaal’s presence': Supreme Court on plea against entry into Ujjain temple sanctum |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sc-declines-to-entertain-plea-against-vip-entry-into-mahakal-temple-sanctum-101769501822770.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court News: SC Rejects Plea on VIP Darshan at Mahakal |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/madhya-pradesh/supreme-court-rejects-plea-challenging-vip-darshan-at-ujjains-mahakaleshwar-temple-3875938 |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

=== Qutub Minar ===
Jain has represented petitions claiming the [[Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque|Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque]] within the [[Qutb Minar|Qutub Minar]] complex in Delhi was built upon the ruins of 27 demolished Hindu and Jain temples, and seeking the restoration of deity worship.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-29 |title=Gyanvapi case: The father-son lawyer duo at centre of string of petitions |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/the-sunday-profile-father-son-and-holy-suits-7941735/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== UGC 2026 ===
In 2026, Jain also represented petitioners, in the Supreme Court of India challenging the [[UGC Equity Regulations, 2026|UGC Regulations 2026]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court Stays New UGC Guidelines to Tackle Caste-Based Discrimination |url=https://thewire.in/caste/supreme-court-stays-ugc-equity-regulations-2026-caste-discrimination |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SC has stayed the UGC Regulations and kept them in abeyance, says petitioner's counsel Vishnu Shankar Jain |url=https://firstindia.co.in/news/delhi/sc-has-stayed-the-ugc-regulations-and-kept-them-in-abeyance-says-petitioners-counsel-vishnu-shankar-jain |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=firstindia.co.in |language=en}}</ref>
===Bhojshala Case===
Jain is the lead lawyer for the Hindu side in the legal battle for the [[Bhojshala]] in Dhar, [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-07 |title=Bhojshala-Kamal Maula Mosque case: Puja, namaz don’t necessarily have to take place in temple, mosque, observes HC |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/legal-news/madhya-pradesh-high-court-bhojshala-kamal-maula-mosque-puja-namaz-10624018/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhojshala actually a temple of Goddess Saraswati, it can't be a mosque: Hindu side to HC - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/bhojshala-actually-a-temple-of-goddess-saraswati-it-cant-be-a-mosque-hindu-side-to-hc/amp_articleshow/130063460.cms |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=m.economictimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-16 |title=Bhojshala dispute hearing adjourned till April 17 by High Court: Senior advocate seeks more time to complete arguments - Indore News |url=https://www.bhaskarenglish.in/local/mp/indore/news/indore-high-court-bhojshala-dispute-hearing-adjourned-april-17-137714030.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Bhaskar English |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain,Vishnu Shankar }}

[[Category:Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Supreme Court of India lawyers]][[Category:21st-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]
[[Category:1986 births]]

P. Arjunan

2026-05-07T02:33:07Z

Kanchin789:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P. Arjunan
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Tindivanam Assembly constituency|Tindivanam]]
| term_start = 12 May 2021
| term_end = 5 May 2026
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| occupation = Politician
| predecessor = [[P. Seethapathy]]
| successor = Vanni Arasu
| father = Ponnusami
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|05|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tindivanam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
}}
'''Arjunan P''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] politician.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arjunan P(AIADMK):Constituency- TINDIVANAM (SC)(VILLUPPURAM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|url=https://myneta.info/TamilNadu2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=692|access-date=2021-05-09|website=myneta.info}}</ref> He is a member of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party. He was elected as a member of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from [[Tindivanam]] Constituency in May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arjunan P {{!}} Tamil Nadu Assembly Election Results Live, Candidates News, Videos, Photos|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/arjunan-p-tindivanam-(sc)-candidate-s22a072c001/|access-date=2021-05-09|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Arjunan P Election Results 2021: News, Votes, Results of Tamil-nadu Assembly|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-election-candidates-list-2021/arjunan-p-22072-2|access-date=2021-05-09|website=NDTV.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Tindivanam Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Tindivanam Assembly constituency|2021}}}}

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arjunan, P}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:1969 births]]

{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

Ragigudda - Silk Board Flyover

2026-04-23T15:38:15Z

Kanchin789:

{{Short description|Flyover under construction in Bengaluru}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox road junction
|country=IND
|name=Ragigudda - Silk Board Flyover
|image=Ragigudda metro station (Dec '23).jpg
|image_caption=Starting point of the Ragigudda - Silk Board Flyover
|location=[[Bangalore]], India
|coord={{coord|12.91690|N|77.59038|E|display=inline,title|type:landmark}}
|roads=Marenahalli Road [[Outer Ring Road, Bangalore|Outer Ring Road]] 100 Feet Ring Road
|type=Double-Stacked [[Overpass]]
|lanes=4
|opened={{start date and age|17 July 2024|df=y}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Relief likely for users of Silk Board Jn soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/relief-likely-for-users-of-silk-board-jn-soon/articleshow/105917452.cms
|location=Bengaluru|work= [[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref>|height={{convert|31|m|feet|abbr=on}}|contractor=[[Hindustan Construction Company|HCC]] - URC Construction [[Joint Venture|JV]]
}}

'''Ragigudda - Silk Board Flyover''' is a rail-cum-road [[overpass|flyover]] in the city of [[Bengaluru]] in [[Karnataka]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menezes, DHNS |first=Naveen |title=Half-finished flyover work means South B'luru-IT hub won't be signal-free for two years |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/half-finished-flyover-work-means-south-bluru-it-hub-won-t-be-signal-free-for-two-years-1127563.html |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> It is the first double decker flyover in Bengaluru, which is was built by the [[Namma Metro|Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited]] between {{stl|Namma Metro|Central Silk Board}} and {{stl|Namma Metro|Ragigudda}} metro stations as part of the [[Yellow Line (Namma Metro)|Yellow Line]] ([[Rashtreeya Vidyalaya Road metro station|Rashtreeya Vidyalaya Road]]-[[Delta Electronics Bommasandra metro station|Delta Electronics Bommasandra]]). After completion, it will become the first rail-cum-road flyover in [[South India]], which is expected to be completed by 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South India's tallest rail-road flyover almost ready, but can't be opened |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2023/aug/11/south-indias-tallest-rail-road-flyover-almost-ready-but-cant-be-opened-2604072.html |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>.On 22nd of April 2026 another section of road was open to public on trial basis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengaluru’s first double-decker flyover finally opens fully on trial basi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bengalurus-first-double-decker-flyover-finally-opens-fully-on-trial-basis/article70893775.ece |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Overview==
The flyover has two levels above ground, with the first level having four lanes for carrying vehicles while the second level carries the [[Namma Metro|metro tracks]]. The total length of the flyover is 3.2 kilometres long. At 31 metres tall, it is tallest rail-cum-road flyover in [[South India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-31 |title=Bengaluru's first double-decker flyover likely to be completed within three months |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/bangalores-first-double-decker-flyover-likely-to-be-completed-within-three-months-article-96646816 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bangalore}}

[[Category:Bridges and flyovers in Bangalore]]
[[Category:Namma Metro]]

Chanti Kranthi Kiran

2026-04-18T02:11:40Z

Kanchin789: Data

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Chanti Kranthi Kiran
| image = Ch Kranthi Kiran.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1976|12|6}}
| birth_place = Pothulaboguda Village, Watpalle Mandal, [[Medak district|Medak]], [[Telangana]], India
| office = [[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Member of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2018
| term_end = 2023 December 23
| predecessor = [[Babu Mohan]]
| successor = [[Damodar Raja Narasimha]]
| constituency = [[Andole Assembly constituency|Andole]]
| parents = Bhoomaiah & Komuramma
| party = [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]
| spouse = Padmavathi
| children = 1
| website =
| footnotes =
| profession = Journalist & Politician
}}
'''Chanti Kranthi Kiran''' is an Journalist and Indian politician from [[Telangana]]. He was elected as member of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] from [[Andole Assembly constituency]] in [[Medak district]] in [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018 Telangana Assembly elections]].<ref name="All journalists will get housing sites, promises MLA Kranthi Kiran {{!}} All journalists will get housing sites, promises MLA Kranthi Kiran">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=All journalists will get housing sites, promises MLA Kranthi Kiran {{!}} All journalists will get housing sites, promises MLA Kranthi Kiran |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/051122/kcr-gives-importance-to-journalists-kranthi-kiran.html |access-date=29 June 2025 |work= |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=5 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629162424/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/051122/kcr-gives-importance-to-journalists-kranthi-kiran.html |archive-date=29 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==
Kranthi Kiran began his political career by contesting [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s as an independent candidate from [[Andole Assembly constituency|Andole]] and lost, later he joined [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]], formerly known as [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] and was elected as ZPTC from Ramachandrapuram. He actively participated in the agitation of a separate State for Telangana under the banner Telangana Journalists Forum.

After the formation of Telangana in [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] he contested from [[Andole Assembly constituency|Andole]] as TRS Candidate<ref name="TRS bound to win, says candidate">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=TRS bound to win, says candidate |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/trs-bound-to-win-says-candidate/article25017082.ece |access-date=29 June 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=22 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629162130/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/trs-bound-to-win-says-candidate/article25017082.ece |archive-date=29 June 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref> and won by a margin of 16,465 votes, defeating [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Damodar Raja Narasimha]].<ref name="Andole Constituency Election Results 2018 - 2023">{{cite news |title=Andole Constituency Election Results 2018 - 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/constituency-show/andole |access-date=29 June 2025 |work= |publisher=The Times of India |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629154714/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/constituency-show/andole |archive-date=29 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Kranthi Kiran contested the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Andole Assembly constituency|Andole]] as BRS Candidate and lost to [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Damodar Raja Narasimha]] by a margin of 28,193 votes.<ref name="Telangana Assembly Election Results 2023: Andole">{{cite news |title=Telangana Assembly Election Results 2023: Andole |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2936.htm |access-date=29 June 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629154722/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2936.htm |archive-date=29 June 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Bharat Rashtra Samithi politicians]]

Refugee Handicrafts

2026-04-14T03:42:55Z

Kanchin789: starting a data basic info

{{Infobox organization
| name = Refugee Handicrafts
| full_name =
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| logo =
| logo_size =
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| image =
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| pronunciation =
| pronounce_ref =
| pronounce_comment =
| named_after =
| predecessor =
| merged_into = [[Central Cottage Industries Emporium]]
| successor =
| formation = 1947
| founders = [[Fori Nehru]] [[Kitty Shiva Rao]] [[Achamma Mathai]] [[Prem Bery]]
| founding_location = Delhi, India
| dissolved = 1952
| merger =
| type = [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]]
| tax_id = 
| registration_id = 
| status = 
| purpose = Provide employment to refugees
| professional_title = 
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| products = Indian handicrafts
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}}
'''Refugee Handicrafts''' was an organisation established in 1947 by [[Fori Nehru]], [[Kitty Shiva Rao]], [[Achamma Mathai]], and [[Prem Bery]], in Delhi, to assist refugee women in providing an income. In 1952 it was incorporated into the [[Central Cottage Industries Emporium]].<ref name=Braj2012>{{Cite book |last=Nehru |first=B. K |title=Nice guys finish second: memoirs |date=2012 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-341782-8 |location=New Delhi |language=English |oclc=1117765699|chapter=Part IV - ICS: Government of India (1939-1949)|pages=211–212}}</ref><ref name=Kaushik1998>{{Cite book |last=Kaushik |first=Vijay Kumari |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnJ9J9UygR0C&pg=PA358|title=Women's Rights and World Development |date=1998 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=81-7625-015-5 |volume=5 |location=New Delhi |pages=358 |language=en |chapter=11. UNO and Women}}</ref><ref name=Salvi1999>{{cite book |last1=Salvi |first1=Gouri |title=Development Retold: Voices from the Field |date=1999 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-798-4 |pages=99–120 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RGYdgQWpzHAC&pg=PA99 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Dhamija>{{cite book |last1=Dhamija |first1=Jasleen |title=Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya |date=2008 |publisher=National Book Trust |location=New Delhi |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/KamaladeviChattopadhyaya-English-JasleenDhamija/page/n47/mode/2up?q=Refugee+Handicrafts|chapter=The Handicrafts movement|pages=74–76}}</ref><ref name=Dalmia2013>{{cite book |last1=Dalmia |first1=Yashodhara |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life |date=2013 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-81-8475-921-1 |pages=22–23 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmMctE3wAgIC&pg=PT41 |language=en |chapter=2. The Rebel}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed>
File:The Emergency Committee Conttrol Romm, Delhi, September 1947.jpg|The Emergency Committee Control Room, Delhi, September 1947
File:Women refugees at the kingsway camp busy in sewing and knitting, September 1947.jpg|Women refugees at the [[Kingsway Camp]], Delhi, sewing and knitting, September 1947
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{India-stub}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Shops in India]]
[[Category:Indian handicrafts]]

Sambalpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:34:39Z

Kanchin789: started a post more to come...

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Odisha, India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Sambalpur}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sambalpur
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 17
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Northen Division
| district = [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sambalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambalpur]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Jayanarayan Mishra ]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,06,279{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Sambalpur''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha|constituency]] of [[Sambalpur district]], [[Odisha]], India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714123148/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=17 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=14 July 2014 |title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Sambalpur (17) District : Sambalpur |accessdate= 5 January 2014}}</ref>

This constituency includes [[Sambalpur]], [[Hirakud]] and [[Burla, India|Burla]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf|title=Assembly Constituencies and their Extent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls|title=Seats of Odisha}}</ref>

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp128.htm|title= 128 - Sambalpur Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |accessdate= 15 June 2014}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|45.52}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|44.53}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|42.73}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|43.52}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|52.10}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|54.51}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|40.81}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.30}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|59.83}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|64.87}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|53.11}}
}}

Since its formation in 1951, 17 elections were held till date. It was a 2 member constituency for 1952 & 1957.

List of members elected from [[Sambalpur]] constituency are:<ref name=prevMLAs>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual - 2011 - List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly - (1951–2004) |access-date=6 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sambalpur Election and Results 2019, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/sambalpur.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sambalpur Assembly Election Results 2024: Sambalpur Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/sambalpur-constituency-result-18017 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |[[Jayanarayan Mishra]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":2" />
|[[Raseswari Panigrahi]]
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":3" />
| rowspan="3" |[[Jayanarayan Mishra]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|-
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| rowspan="2" |Durga Shankar Pattanayak
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|[[Shraddhakar Supakar]]
|-
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Aswini Kumar Guru
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Jhasketan Sahu
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| rowspan="2" |Shriballav Panigrahi
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (R)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Banamali Babu
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|Dalaganjan Chhuria
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]{{efn|It was a 2 member constituency}}
|Lakshmiprasad Misra
|{{full party name with color|Ganatantra Parishad|rowspan=4}}
|-
|Bhikari Ghasi
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1951 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1951]]{{efn|It was a 2 member constituency}}
|[[Shraddhakar Supakar]]
|-
|Bhikari Ghasi
|}

==Election results==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 25th May 2024 in 3rd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4th June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Jayanarayan Mishra]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Rohit Pujari]] by a margin of 4,105 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: [[Sambalpur]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Jayanarayan Mishra]]
|votes = 59,827
|percentage = 45.52
|change = {{increase}}0.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Rohit Pujari]]
|votes = 55,722
|percentage = 42.40
|change = {{increase}}0.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Durga Prasad Padhi
|votes = 10,265
|percentage = 7.81
|change = {{decrease}}1.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,513
|percentage = 1.15
|change = {{increase}}0.17
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,105
|percentage = 3.12
|change = {{decrease}}9.08
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,31,425
|percentage = 63.71
|change = {{decrease}}4.1
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Jayanarayan Mishra]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Raseswari Panigrahi]] by a margin of 4,380 votes.<ref name=":1" />

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: [[Sambalpur]]<ref name="TP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-III) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase3/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%283rd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf|website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=19 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Jayanarayan Mishra]]
|votes = 57,349
|percentage = 44.53
|change = {{increase}}10.60
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Raseswari Panigrahi]]
|votes = 52,969
|percentage = 41.13
|change = {{decrease}}1.60
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Aswini Kumar Pujahari
|votes = 11,652
|percentage = 9.05
|change = {{decrease}}7.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,261
|percentage = 0.98
|change = {{decrease}}0.27
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,380
|percentage = 12.20
|change = {{increase}}3.41
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,28,789
|percentage = 61.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Raseswari Panigrahi]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Jayanarayan Mishra]] by a margin of 9,958 votes.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=9 June 2014|archive-date=18 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: [[Sambalpur]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Sambalpur|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1817.htm?ac=17|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=9 June 2014|archive-date=18 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518212849/http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1817.htm?ac=17|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014, Constituency: Sambalpur (17)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714175949/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=17|url-status=usurped|archive-date=14 July 2014|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Raseswari Panigrahi]]
|votes = 48,362
|percentage = 42.73
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Jayanarayan Mishra]]
|votes = 38,404
|percentage = 33.93
|change = {{decrease}}9.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sureswar Mishra
|votes = 19,020
|percentage = 16.81
|change = {{decrease}}17.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,411
|percentage = 1.25
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 9,958
|percentage = 8.79
|change = {{decrease}}0.15
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,13,180
|percentage = 65.45
|change = 19.94
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,72,916
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Jayanarayan Mishra]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Sureswar Mishra by a margin of 7,010 votes.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=7010 |accessdate=5 January 2014 |archive-date=27 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: [[Sambalpur]]<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Jayanarayan Mishra]]
|votes = 34,110
|percentage = 43.52
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sureswar Mishra
|votes = 27,100
|percentage = 34.58
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Siddharth Das
|votes = 10,105
|percentage = 12.89
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 7,010
|percentage = 8.94{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 78,555
|percentage = 45.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sambalpur district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha|state=expanded}}
{{coords|21.48|83.97|display=title|}}

[[Category:Sambalpur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Orissa]]

Ron Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:34:20Z

Kanchin789: starting some data added tags

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ron
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 67
| map_image = 67-Ron constituency.svg
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Haveri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Haveri]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Gurupadagouda Patil]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Kalakappa Bandi
| electors = {{formatnum:232510}}<ref name="election2023">{{cite web |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}

'''Ron Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref name=electors2019>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PCELE2019/GE2019_VOTERS_COUNT.pdf |title=Karnataka Loksabha Elections - 2019 - Voters Count |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Gadag district]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || rowspan="4" | [[Andanappa Doddameti]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || A. V. Patil
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Muthikatti Veerabhadrappa Adiveppa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan="2" | Doddameti Jananadev Shivanagappa || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || [[Gurupadagouda Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || Bidarur Shrishailappa Virupaxappa || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || [[Gurupadagouda Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || rowspan="2" | Kalakappa Gurushantappa Bandi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || [[Gurupadagouda Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || Kalakappa Bandi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Gurupadagouda Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Ron">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Ron |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/statewiseS1018.htm |access-date=23 April 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423065944/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/statewiseS1018.htm |archive-date=23 April 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Gurupadagouda Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 94,865 |percentage = 53.24% |change = {{increase}}8.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kalakappa Gurushantappa Bandi |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 70,177 |percentage = 39.38% |change = {{decrease}}9.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anekal Doddaiah |party = Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 8,839 |percentage = 4.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,600 |percentage = 0.90% |change = {{decrease}}0.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivanand Shankrappa Rathod |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,463 |percentage = 0.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,688 |percentage = 13.85% |change = {{increase}}9.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 178,346 |percentage = 76.70% |change = {{increase}}0.85 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 178,196}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 232,510 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.34 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}4.15 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 4 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kalakappa Bandi |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 83,735 |percentage = 49.09% |change = {{increase}}5.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Gurupadagouda Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 76,401 |percentage = 44.79% |change = {{decrease}}13.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ravindranath Jambunath Doddameti |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 3,421 |percentage = 2.01% |change = {{decrease}}2.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 2,671 |percentage = 1.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sunilkumar Bahmanapad |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,813 |percentage = 1.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mallikarjun Hadapad |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 1,177 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,334 |percentage = 4.30% |change = {{decrease}}9.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 170,656 |percentage = 75.85% |change = {{increase}}1.26 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 170,561}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 224,989 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.94 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}8.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Gurupadagouda Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 74,593 |percentage = 57.99% |change = {{increase}}17.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kalakappa Gurushantappa Bandi |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 56,366 |percentage = 43.82% |change = {{increase}}1.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hemagirish Gurupadappa Havinal |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 6,334 |percentage = 4.92% |change = {{decrease}}3.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rangangouda Vasudevagouda Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,976 |percentage = 1.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok V. Bavenakatti |party = Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress |votes = 1,636 |percentage = 1.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mallikarjungouda B. Sankanagoudra |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,472 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sharnappa Basappa Menashinkai |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 1,372 |percentage = 1.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nigabasappa Ramappa Doddamani |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,210 |percentage = 0.94% |change = {{increase}}0.26 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,227 |percentage = 14.17% |change = {{increase}}12.64 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 146,006 |percentage = 74.59% |change = {{increase}}7.62 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 128,630}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 195,737 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.80 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}15.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kalakappa Gurushantappa Bandi |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 50,145 |percentage = 42.01% |change = {{decrease}}7.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Gurupadagouda Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 48,315 |percentage = 40.47% |change = {{decrease}}0.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dandin Ravi Bisttappa |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 10,577 |percentage = 8.86% |change = {{increase}}6.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hosalli Prakash Mukappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,724 |percentage = 2.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Panchayya V. Hiremath |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,452 |percentage = 2.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shrishailappa Kariyappa Bellikoppa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,392 |percentage = 1.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohan K. Hiregoudar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 815 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amareswar Gundappa Budihal |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 809 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,830 |percentage = 1.53% |change = {{decrease}}7.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 119,379 |percentage = 66.97% |change = {{increase}}0.02 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 119,377}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 178,268 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.46 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}7.50 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kalakappa Gurushantappa Bandi |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 46,733 |percentage = 49.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Gurupadagouda Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 38,668 |percentage = 40.97% |change = {{decrease}}15.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok M. Naval Gund |party = Janata Party |votes = 3,355 |percentage = 3.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vishwabrahman Manjunath Bhimarao |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,898 |percentage = 2.01% |change = {{decrease}}20.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Budihal Nagesh Andanappa |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 1,312 |percentage = 1.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Neelappa Fakirappa Tegginamani |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,291 |percentage = 1.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gowdar Lokanagouda Santagouda |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 1,127 |percentage = 1.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,065 |percentage = 8.54% |change = {{decrease}}26.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 94,384 |percentage = 66.95% |change = {{decrease}}1.24 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 94,384}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 140,970 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.37 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}7.39 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Gurupadagouda Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 47,957 |percentage = 56.90% |change = {{increase}}16.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bidarur Shrishailappa Virupaxappa |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 18,802 |percentage = 22.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok M. Naval Gund |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 11,137 |percentage = 13.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amareswar Budihal |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,229 |percentage = 2.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lakshman. D. Talwar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,003 |percentage = 2.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Neelappa Fakirappa Tegginamani |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,186 |percentage = 1.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramappa Dodda Veerappa Jangannavar |party = Independent politician |votes = 965 |percentage = 1.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 29,155 |percentage = 34.59% |change = {{increase}}23.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 88,707 |percentage = 68.19% |change = {{decrease}}0.85 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 84,279}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,343 |percentage = 4.90% |change = {{increase}}0.97 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 130,088 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.92 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{increase}}5.49 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bidarur Shrishailappa Virupaxappa |party = Janata Dal |votes = 39,268 |percentage = 51.41% |change = {{increase}}21.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Gurupadagouda Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,664 |percentage = 40.14% |change = {{decrease}}5.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Subhas Mahalingappa Savadi |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 2,402 |percentage = 3.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sureshbabu Patil |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 1,987 |percentage = 2.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivarudarappa Veerappa Sankanur |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 1,170 |percentage = 1.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. R. Meti Advocate |party = Independent politician |votes = 601 |percentage = 0.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,604 |percentage = 11.26% |change = {{decrease}}4.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 79,536 |percentage = 69.04% |change = {{increase}}0.07 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 76,386}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,126 |percentage = 3.93% |change = {{decrease}}2.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 115,208 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.97 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}5.41 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Gurupadagouda Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,610 |percentage = 46.00% |change = {{increase}}6.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Doddameti Jananadev Shivanagappa |party = Janata Dal |votes = 21,203 |percentage = 29.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Devraj Bagmar |party = Independent politician |votes = 12,388 |percentage = 17.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijaykumarsarj Shivalingsarj Desai |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 3,686 |percentage = 5.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Savalagi Rajendra Ningappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 579 |percentage = 0.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,407 |percentage = 16.09% |change = {{decrease}}2.64 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 75,694 |percentage = 68.97% |change = {{increase}}1.23 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 70,895}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,799 |percentage = 6.34% |change = {{increase}}3.75 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 109,749 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.28 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}12.68 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Doddameti Jananadev Shivanagappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 33,653 |percentage = 58.68% |change = {{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Rudragouda Sanganagouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,911 |percentage = 39.95% |change = {{increase}}0.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hiremani Balappa Veerappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 428 |percentage = 0.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Itagi Shivappa Ningappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 361 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,742 |percentage = 18.73% |change = {{decrease}}1.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 58,876 |percentage = 67.74% |change = {{increase}}1.57 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 57,353}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,523 |percentage = 2.59% |change = {{decrease}}0.99 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,910 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.32 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Doddameti Jananadev Shivanagappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 31,721 |percentage = 59.10% |change = {{increase}}19.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Muthikatti Veerabhadrappa Adiveppa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,979 |percentage = 39.09% |change = {{increase}}35.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Daragad Hussainsab Imamsaheb |party = Independent politician |votes = 971 |percentage = 1.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,742 |percentage = 20.01% |change = {{increase}}8.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 55,665 |percentage = 66.17% |change = {{decrease}}1.21 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 53,671}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,994 |percentage = 3.58% |change = {{decrease}}0.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,118 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.35 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}7.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Muthikatti Veerabhadrappa Adiveppa |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 26,546 |percentage = 51.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pujar Neelagangayya Basayya |party = Janata Party |votes = 20,709 |percentage = 40.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balutagi Durgappa Kanumappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,671 |percentage = 5.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Daragad Husenasab Imamsab |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 1,791 |percentage = 3.46% |change = {{decrease}}55.13 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,837 |percentage = 11.29% |change = {{decrease}}9.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,799 |percentage = 67.38% |change = {{increase}}4.78 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 51,717}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,082 |percentage = 3.87% |change = {{increase}}3.87 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,843 |ref = |change = {{increase}}36.60 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}7.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = A. V. Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,567 |percentage = 58.59% |change = {{decrease}}3.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Basayya Pujal |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,121 |percentage = 37.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balappa Irappa Hiremani |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,413 |percentage = 4.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,446 |percentage = 21.21% |change = {{decrease}}2.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 36,590 |percentage = 62.60% |change = {{decrease}}7.70 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 35,101}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,450 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.94 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.30 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Andanappa Doddameti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,573 |percentage = 61.89% |change = {{decrease}}2.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. M. Sanganagouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,285 |percentage = 38.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,288 |percentage = 23.78% |change = {{decrease}}10.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,038 |percentage = 70.30% |change = {{increase}}5.50 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 34,858}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,685 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.30 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}2.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Andanappa Doddameti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,640 |percentage = 63.92% |change = {{increase}}8.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sivamurtayya Madiwalayya Math |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,543 |percentage = 29.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dattajirao Sadasivarao Kulkarni |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,978 |percentage = 6.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,097 |percentage = 34.63% |change = {{increase}}22.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 31,235 |percentage = 64.80% |change = {{decrease}}5.97 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 29,161}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,203 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.77 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}8.10 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Andanappa Doddameti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,836 |percentage = 55.82% |change = {{decrease}}14.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Andanagouda Veeranagouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 14,116 |percentage = 44.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,720 |percentage = 11.64% |change = {{decrease}}29.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 31,952 |percentage = 70.77% |change = {{increase}}4.46 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 31,952}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,146 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}17.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}14.52 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Ron <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Andanappa Doddameti]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,585 |percentage = 70.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Veerangauda Kalangauda |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,789 |percentage = 29.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,796 |percentage = 40.68% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 36,374 |percentage = 66.31% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 36,374}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,854 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Gadag district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{coord|15.7|75.73|display=title}}

[[Category:Gadag district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]

Nilgiri Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:31:17Z

Kanchin789: starting a data v1.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Nilagiri}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nilgiri
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 40
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Central Division
| district = [[Balasore district|Balasore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Balasore Lok Sabha constituency|Balasore]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Santosh Khatua]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,16,428{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Nilgiri''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha|constituency]] of [[Balasore district]], [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=40|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924000650/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=40|url-status=usurped|archive-date=24 September 2015|title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Nilgiri (40) District : Balasore|accessdate= 22 February 2014}}</ref>

Area of this constituency includes '''[[Nilagiri]], Nilgiri block, Oupada block''' and 4 [[Gram panchayat|GP]]s (Kasabajayapur, Khantapada, Panapana and Patharpentha) of Bahanaga block.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref>

== Elected members ==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp17.htm |title= 17 - Nilgiri Assembly Constituency |work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate=23 February 2014}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|52.19}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|44.34}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|35.96}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Independent}}|40.95}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|48.49}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|41.61}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|30.33}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Independent}}|34.38}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|49.07}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|43.44}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|41.91}}
}}

Since its formation in 1951, 17 elections were held till date. It was a 2 member constituency in 1952.

List of members elected from Nilgiri constituency are:<ref name=prevMLAs>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual - 2011 - List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly - (1951–2004) |access-date=6 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nilgiri Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=http://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/nilgiri.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate=23 February 2014}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nilgiri Assembly Election Results 2024: Nilgiri Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/nilgiri-constituency-result-18040 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Santosh Khatua]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Nilgiri Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/nilgiri-odisha-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |Sukanta Kumar Nayak
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":2" />
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":3" />
| rowspan="2" |[[Pratap Chandra Sarangi]]
|{{full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|Pradipta Panda
|{{full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|Akshaya Kumar Acharya
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Chittaranjan Sarangi
|{{full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Sukumar Nayak
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Akshaya Kumar Acharya
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Rajendra Chandra Mardaraj Harichandan
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| rowspan="3" |Banamali Das
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=3|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|Rajendra Chandra Mardaraj Harichandan
|{{full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Nilambar Das
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1951 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1951]]{{efn|It was a 2 member constituency}}
|Chaitanya Prasad Sethi
|-
|Nilambar Das
|}
==Election results==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 1st June 2024 in 4th phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 7th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4th June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Santosh Khatua]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Sukanta Kumar Nayak by a margin of 19,839 votes.<ref name=":0" />{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]], Nilgiri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Santosh Khatua]]
|votes = 87,928
|percentage = 52.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Sukanta Kumar Nayak
|votes = 68,089
|percentage = 40.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Akshya Kumar Acharya
|votes = 8,210
|percentage = 4.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 19,839
|percentage = 11.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,68,447
|percentage = 77.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = BJP
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
In 2019 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Sukanta Kumar Nayak defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Santosh Khatua]] by a margin of 1,577 votes.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS1840.htm?ac=40}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
|title= [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Nilgiri<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Nilgiri|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS1840.htm?ac=40}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sukanta Kumar Nayak
|votes = 69,517
|percentage = 44.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Santosh Khatua]]
|votes = 67,940
|percentage = 43.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Manoj Manjari Debi
|votes = 12,413
|percentage = 7.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,203
|percentage = 0.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,577
|percentage = 1.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,56,780
|percentage = 77.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,03,441
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Sukanta Kumar Nayak defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Sushama Biswal by a margin of 13,700 votes.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=29 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=18 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Nilgiri<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Nilgiri|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1840.htm?ac=40|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 May 2014|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714172411/http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1840.htm?ac=40|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014, Constituency: Nilgiri (40)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=40|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714150255/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=40|url-status=usurped|archive-date=14 July 2014|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Sukanta Kumar Nayak
|votes = 50,514
|percentage = 35.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sushama Biswal
|votes = 36,814
|percentage = 26.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Kartik Mohapatra]]
|votes = 32,360
|percentage = 23.04
|change = 3.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Pradipta Panda
|votes = 17,018
|percentage = 12.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,127
|percentage = 0.8
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 13,700
|percentage = 9.75
|change = 7.11
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,40,456
|percentage = 78.82
|change = 10.17
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,78,193
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Independent (politician)
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 election]], [[Independent politician|Independent]] candidate [[Pratap Chandra Sarangi]] defeated [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] candidate Pradipta Panda by a margin of 3,056 votes.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=3056 |accessdate=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
|title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Nilgiri<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate minor party|
|party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|candidate = [[Pratap Chandra Sarangi]]
|votes = 35,525
|percentage = 30.63
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Pradipta Panda
|votes = 32,469
|percentage = 28.00
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Diptikanta Mahapatra
|votes = 22,627
|percentage = 19.51
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate minor party|
|party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|candidate = [[Kartik Mohapatra]]
|votes = 16,726
|percentage = 14.42
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,056
|percentage = 2.64{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,15,972
|percentage = 68.65
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Independent (politician)
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Balasore district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha}}
{{coords|21.46|86.76|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Balasore district]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Orissa]]

List of equipment of the Indian Coast Guard

2026-04-11T03:24:40Z

Kanchin789: made the post needs work.

{{Short description|Equipment of the Indian Coast Guard}}
[[File:Indian Coast Guard Logo.svg|thumb|Crest of the Indian Coast Guard]]
The '''[[Indian Coast Guard]]''' ('''ICG''') is the [[maritime law enforcement]] and [[search and rescue]] agency of [[India]]. It was formally established on 18 August 1978.<ref name="act">{{cite act|url=https://indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/1734|title=The Coast Guard Act|year=1978|index=|legislature=[[Parliament of India]]}}</ref> The ICG operates under the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]].<ref name="mod-depts">{{cite web |title=About the Ministry |url=http://mod.nic.in/aboutus/welcome.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509001243/http://mod.nic.in/aboutus/welcome.html |archive-date=9 May 2012 |access-date=3 May 2012 |publisher=Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref>

==Active Vessels==
=== Vessels===
Vessels belonging to the Indian Coast Guard bear the prefix "ICGS" – Indian Coast Guard Ship.
{| class="wikitable"
! Class
! Picture
! Origin
! Type
! Commissioned
! Displacement
! Vessels
! Comment
|-
! style="background: :#ccc;" colspan="8" | Pollution control vessels (4)
|-
|[[GSL-class pollution control vessel|''GSL class'']]
|[[File:ICGS Samudra Pratap.jpg|frameless|upright]]
|[[India]]
| rowspan="2" |Pollution control vessel
|2026–present
|4,100 tons
|1
|
|-
|[[Samudra-class Pollution Control Vessel|''Samudra'' class]]
|[[File:ICGS Samudra Pahredar.jpg|frameless|upright]]
| [[India]] || 2010–present || 3,960 tons || 3
|
|-
! style="background: :#ccc;" colspan="8" | [[Patrol boat|Offshore patrol vessels]] (25)
|-
|[[Vikram-class offshore patrol vessel (2017)|''Vikram'' class]]
|[[File:ICGS Vigraha (39) during sea trials.jpg|frameless|upright]]
|India
|Offshore patrol vessel
|2018–present
|2,140 tons
|7
|
|-
|[[Samarth-class offshore patrol vessel|''Samarth'' class]]
|[[File:ICGS-Samarath.jpg|frameless|upright]]
| India || Offshore patrol vessel || 2015–present ||2,400 tons||11||
|-
| [[Vishwast-class advanced offshore patrol vessel|''Vishwast'' class]]
|[[File:IndianCoastGuard_OPV30_Vishwast_Kobe_20101129-001.jpg|frameless|upright]]|| India || Offshore patrol vessel || 2010–present || 1,800 tons || 3 ||
|-
|[[Sankalp-class offshore patrol vessel|''Sankalp'' class]]
|[[File:ICGSSamrat 01.jpg|frameless|upright]]
|India
|Offshore patrol vessel
|2008–present
|2,325 tons
|2
|
|-
| [[Samar-class offshore patrol vessel|''Samar'' class]]
|[[File:Indian Coast Guard Ships Vijaya (34) and Samar (42).jpg|frameless|upright]]|| India || Offshore patrol vessel || 1996–present || 1,800 tons || 2 || 2 ships out of 4 decommissioned in November 2023
|-
! style="background: :#ccc;" colspan="8" | [[Patrol boat|Fast Patrol vessels]] (45)
|-
|[[Adamya-class patrol vessel|''Adamya'' class]]
|[[File:ICGS Adamya (256) delivered.jpg|frameless|upright]]
|India
|Fast patrol vessel
|2025–present
|320 tons
|3
|<ref name="PIB-191225">{{cite press release |title=ICG commissions GSL’s new-generation Fast Patrol Vessel ‘Amulya’ |date=19 December 2025 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2206579&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref>
|-
| [[Aadesh-class patrol vessel|''Aadesh'' class]]
|[[File:ICGS Abhiraj patrolling in Gulf of Mannar.jpg|frameless|upright]]|| India || Fast patrol vessel || 2013–present || 290 tons || 20 ||
|-
| [[Rajshree-class inshore patrol vessel|''Rajshree'' class]]
|[[File:ICGS Rajshree, first shipr of Rajshree-class patrol vessel.jpg|frameless|upright]]
| India || Fast patrol vessel || 2012–present || 275 tons || 13 || 1 additional unit built for the Seychelles Coast Guard.<ref>{{cite news |title=ICGS Priyadarshini commissioned at Andhra Pradesh's Kakinada Port |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2019/apr/27/icgs-priyadarshini-commissioned-at-andhra-pradeshs-kakinada-port-1969683.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=27 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/grse-to-build-water-jet-propelled-fast-patrol-vessel-for-coast-guard/articleshow/58685359.cms |title=GRSE to build water jet-propelled fast patrol vessel for Coast Guard |work=The Economic Times |access-date=2017-05-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827222635/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/grse-to-build-water-jet-propelled-fast-patrol-vessel-for-coast-guard/articleshow/58685359.cms |archive-date=27 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
| [[Rani Abbakka-class inshore patrol vessel|''Rani Abbaka'' class]]
|[[File:Rani Abbakka Class ICG.jpg|frameless|upright]]
| India || Fast patrol vessel || 2009–present || 275 tons || 5 ||
|-
| [[Sarojini Naidu-class patrol vessel|''Sarojini Naidu'' class]]
|[[File:Indian Coast Guard helicopter using an oil spill disperser.jpg|frameless|upright]]|| India|| Fast patrol vessel || 2002–present || 270 tons || 6 ||1 unit decommissioned on 27 April 2023. 2 additional units built for the [[National Coast Guard of Mauritius]].
|-
! style="background: :#ccc;" colspan="8" | [[Patrol boat]]s (82)
|-
| [[Bharati-class interceptor boat|''Bharati'' class]]
|[[File:Thane Creek and Elephanta Island 03-2016 - img08 Ships on Thane Creek.jpg|frameless|upright]] || India || Patrol boat || 2013–present || 107 tons ||6|| 9 more to be commissioned
|-
| [[L&T-class fast interceptor craft|L&T class]]
|[[File:L&T class boat.JPG|frameless|upright]]|| India || Fast interceptor boat || 2012–present || 90 tons || 54 ||
|-
| [[ABG fast interceptor craft|ABG class]]
|[[File:Commissioning of Indian Coast Guard interceptor boat C-150.jpg|frameless|upright]]|| India || Fast interceptor boat || 2000–present || 90 tons || 11 ||
|-
! style="background: :#ccc;" colspan="8" | [[Patrol boat|Patrol craft]] (14)
|-
| [[Timblo-class interceptor craft|Timblo class]]
||| India || Interceptor craft || 2010–present || 7 tons || 10 ||
|-
| [[Bristol-class interceptor craft|Bristol class]]
||| [[United Kingdom]]|| Interceptor craft || 2004–present || 5 tons || 4 ||
|-
! style="background: :#ccc;" colspan="8" | [[Hovercraft]] (18)
|-
| [[Griffon-GRSE 8000 TD-Class Hovercraft|Griffon class]]
|[[File:Griffon-GRSE 8000 TD-class Hovercraft.jpg|frameless|upright]]||United Kingdom
| [[Hovercraft]] || 2000–present || 27 tons || 18 || 6 H-181(Griffon 8000TD) and 12 H-187(Griffon 8000TD)<ref name=":0" />
|-
! style="background: :#ccc;" colspan="8" | Harbour monitors (3)
|-
| Harbour class
| ||India
| Fast Interceptor Boats || 2000–present || 20 tons || 3 || <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Surface Units {{!}} Official Website of Indian Coast Guard Head Quarters, New Delhi, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. |url=https://indiancoastguard.gov.in/surface-units?page=3 |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=indiancoastguard.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
! style="background: :#ccc;" colspan="8" | Barges (8)
|-
| Auxilary Barge
| ||India
| Resupply Barge || || || 8 ||The Indian Coast Guard operates a fleet of Six Auxilary Barges to aid logistical and operational assistance to the Coast Guard fleet.<ref name=":1" />

* Urja Purti
* Urja Prateek
* Urja Shrota
* Urja Sanchay
* Urja Pravaha
* Urja Prabha
|}
== Active Aircraft ==
{{main|List of active Indian military aircraft#Coast Guard}}

=== Aircraft ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"|Aircraft
! style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"|Picture
! style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"|Origin
! style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"|Type
! style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"|Variant
! style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"|In service
! style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"|Notes
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | [[Maritime patrol aircraft|Maritime patrol]]
|-
| [[Dornier 228]]
| [[File:Dornier Do-228-101, India - Coast Guard JP7712387.jpg|frameless|upright]]
| [[West Germany]] [[India]]
| [[Maritime patrol aircraft|Maritime patrol]]
| 101/201<ref name="jawa-04">{{cite book |editor1-last=Jackson |editor1-first=Paul |editor2-last=Munson |editor2-first=Kenneth |editor3-last=Peacock |editor3-first=Lindsay |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft |date=2004 |publisher=Janes Information Group |location=Coulsdon |isbn=0710626142 |page=206 |edition=95th year of issue 2004-2005. |chapter=HAL (Dornier) 228}}</ref>
| 41<ref name="thestatesman.com2">{{Cite news |date=2 April 2019|title=Indian Coast Guard to induct 16 Advanced Light Helicopters in July, 2 of them for North-East|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/northeast/indian-coast-guard-to-induct-16-advanced-light-helicopters-2-of-them-for-north-east-1502742438.html|website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=2013461336068686211|user=IndiaCoastGuard|title=In line with #AtmanirbharBharat and #MakeInIndia, initiative @IndiaCoastGuard accepted delivery of two state-of-the-art Dornier 228 aircraft on 19 Jan 26...|date=20 January 2026|access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>
| Further 8 ordered at a cost of {{INRConvert|2312|c|lk=on|year=2026}} on 12 February 2026.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Aatmanirbhar Bharat: MoD inks Rs 2,312 crore contract with HAL for eight Dornier 228 Aircraft under Buy (Indian) category |date=2026-02-12 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2227031&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=2026-02-12}}</ref>
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | [[Helicopters]]
|-
| rowspan='2'|[[HAL Dhruv]]
| rowspan='2'|[[File:Advanced Light Helicopters (ALH) Mk-III of Indian Coast Guard-1.jpg|frameless|upright]]
| rowspan='2'|India
| rowspan='2'|[[Utility helicopter|Utility]]
| Mk. I
| 4<ref>{{cite news |last1=Purohit |first1=Jugal |title=Indian Coast Guard to acquire 30 advanced copters soon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/indian-coast-guard-advanced-light-helicopter-dhruv-monitor-seas-327951-2016-07-07 |work=India Today |date=8 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8-vgAACAAJ |title=The Military Balance 2017 |date=14 February 2017 |publisher=Routledge, Chapman & Hall |isbn=9781857439007 |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan='2'| 11 more Mk.III on order.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=MoD signs contracts worth Rs 8073 Cr with HAL for acquisition of 34 Advanced Light Helicopters (ALH) Dhruv Mk III for Indian Army & Indian Coast Guard |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2014340 |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Trivedi |first=Saurabh |date=2026-03-03 |title=Defence Ministry signs deals worth ₹5,083 crore to buy ALH Mk-III choppers, Shtil missiles to boost maritime security |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/defence-ministry-hal-5083-crore-contract-advanced-light-helicopters-surface-to-air-vertical-launch-shtil-missiles/article70699034.ece |access-date=2026-03-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| Mk.III
| 19<ref name="toi-151122">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/coast-guard-receives-16-alh-mk-iii-choppers-wants-9-more/articleshow/95532016.cms |title=Coast Guard receives 16 ALH-Mk III choppers, wants 9 more |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Kumar |first=Chetan |date=2022-11-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident HAL Dhruv Mk 3 CG859, Sunday 5 January 2025 |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/469815 |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=asn.flightsafety.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-10 |title=HAL hands over 4 ALH-Mk3 helicopters to Coast Guard - The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/defence/news/hal-hands-over-4-alh-mk3-helicopters-to-coast-guard/articleshow/130171730.cms |access-date=2026-04-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| [[HAL Chetak]]
| [[File:CG816 (13992244674).jpg|frameless|upright]]
| India
| [[Utility helicopter|Utility]]
|
| 19<ref name="the military balance">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8-vgAACAAJ|title=The Military Balance 2017|date=14 February 2017|publisher=Routledge, Chapman & Hall|isbn=9781857439007|language=en}}</ref>
|
|}

=== Squadrons and Flights ===
The following is a list of Coast Guard Air Squadrons<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2014-01-02 |title=Indian Coast Guard |url=https://www.aeroflight.co.uk/tag/indian-coast-guard/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Aeroflight |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Modernisation of Aviation Wing |url=https://www.sps-aviation.com/story/?id=2414&h=Modernisation-of-Aviation-Wing |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=www.sps-aviation.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Orbats |url=https://www.scramble.nl/planning/orbats/india/india-coast-guard |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=www.scramble.nl}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Squadron
!Type
!Base
|-
|CGAS 700
|[[Dornier 228|Do 228-101]]
|[[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|CGAE Kolkata]]
|-
|CGAS 743
|Do 228-101
|[[Biju Patnaik Airport#Coast Guard Air Enclave|CGAE Bhubaneswar]]
|-
|CGAS 744
|Do 228-101
|[[Chennai International Airport|ICGAS Chennai]]
|-
|CGAS 745
|Do 228-201
|CGAE Port Blair
|-
|CGAS 746
|Do 228-201
|CGAE Porbandar
|-
|CGAS 747
|Do 228-101
|[[INS Garuda|CGAE Kochi]]
|-
|CGAS 750
|Do 228-101
|[[Daman Airport|CGAS Daman]]
|-
|CGAS 800
|[[Aérospatiale Alouette III|HAL Chetak]]
|[[INS Hansa|CGAE Dabolim]]
|-
|CGAS 830
|[[HAL Dhruv]] Mk. III
|CGAE Bhubaneswar
|-
|CGAS 835
|HAL Dhruv Mk. III{{Efn|The third Dhruv Mk III squadron}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title='Aatmanirbhar defence' expands as Coast Guard commissions made-in-India ALH Dhruv Mark III helicopters |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coast-guard-commissions-made-in-india-dhruv-mark-iii-chopper-squadron-in-gujarat-101656393386473.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730140916/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coast-guard-commissions-made-in-india-dhruv-mark-iii-chopper-squadron-in-gujarat-101656393386473.html |archive-date=30 July 2023 |access-date=30 July 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-04 |title=Two dead, one missing after coast guard helicopter goes down in Arabian Sea |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/two-dead-one-missing-after-coast-guard-helicopter-goes-down-in-arabian-sea-101725390206620.html |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|CGAE Porbandar
|-
|CGAS 840
|HAL Dhruv Mk. III
|CGAS Chennai
|-
|CGAS 841
|HAL Chetak
|CGAS Daman
|-
|CGAS 842
|HAL Chetak
|INS Kunjali, Mumbai
|-
|CGAS 845
|HAL Dhruv Mk. III{{Efn|The second Dhruv Mk III squadron, four helicopters}}<ref name=":2" />
|CGAE Kochi
|-
|CGAS 848
|HAL Chetak
|CGAS Chennai
|-
|CGAS 850
|HAL Dhruv Mk. II
|[[Ratnagiri Airport|CGAS Ratnagiri]]
|-
|CGAS 851
|HAL Dhruv Mk. II
|CGAE Dabolim
|-
|Port Blair Chetak Flight
|HAL Chetak
|CGAE Port Blair
|-
|Kochi Chetak Flight
|HAL Chetak
|CGAE Kochi
|-
|Vishakhapatnam Chetak Flight
|HAL Chetak
|[[INS Dega|CGAE Dega]]
|-
|Dornier Training Fleet
|Do 228-201
|CGAS Daman
|}

==See also==
* [[List of future equipment of the Indian Coast Guard]]
* [[List of historical equipment of the Indian Coast Guard]]
* [[List of active Indian Navy ships]]
* [[List of active Indian military aircraft]]
* [[List of equipment of the Indian Army]]

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian Coast Guard]]

List of governors of Nagaland

2026-03-29T08:02:13Z

Kanchin789:

{{Short description|Heads of state Nagaland, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Governor
| native_name =
| body = Nagaland
| image = [[File: Governor of Nagaland Nand Kishor Yadav.jpg|180px]]
| imagesize = 180
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Nagaland]]
| insignia =
| incumbent = [[Nand Kishore Yadav]]
| incumbentsince = 13 March 2026
| style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan (Nagaland)|Lok Bhavan]]; [[Kohima]]
| termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure#Derivatives|At the pleasure of the president]]
| appointer = [[President of India]]
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1963|12|1}}
| inaugural = [[Vishnu Sahay]], ICS (Retd.)
| website = {{url|https://rajbhavan.nagaland.gov.in/}}
}}

[[File:IN-NL.svg|upright|thumb|The state of Nagaland is on the border with Burma.]]

The '''Governor of Nagaland''' is the [[head of state]] of [[Nagaland]]. The governor is appointed by the [[president of India]]. The current governor is [[Nand Kishore Yadav]] since 6 March 2026.

==Powers and functions==
{{See also|Governors of India#Powers and functions|l1=Powers and functions of the governor}}

The governor enjoys many different types of powers:

*'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,
*'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is Vidhan Sabha or Vidhan Parishad, and
*'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor.

== Oath ==
''I, A. B., do swear in the name of God/solemly affirm that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions of the Governor) of Nagaland and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to the service and well-being of the people of Nagaland.''}}

==List==

;Legend
*{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office
*{{note label|§|§|§}} Transferred
*{{note label|‡|‡|‡}} Resigned/removed

;Color key
*{{legend2|wheat}} indicates acting/additional charge

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"
! rowspan="2"| {{abbr|#|Number}}
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:14em" | Name (born{{spaced ndash}}died)
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Home state/ UT
! colspan="3"| Tenure in office
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Appointer (President)
|-
! style="width:7em"| From
! style="width:7em"| To
! style="width:5em"| Time in office
|-
! 1
|
| '''[[Vishnu Sahay]]''' {{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd) (1901{{ndash}}1989)}}
| rowspan="2"|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
| {{small|1 December}} 1963{{efn-lg|Concurrently also served as the [[Governor of Assam]]}}
| {{small|16 April}} 1968
| '''{{ayd|1 Dec 1963|16 Apr 1968}}'''
| [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
|-
! 2
| [[File:Braj Kumar Nehru with Kennedy (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Braj Kumar Nehru]]''' {{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd) (1909{{ndash}}2001)}}
| {{small|17 April}} 1968{{efn-lg|Concurrently also served as the [[Governor of Assam]] (1968{{ndash}}1973); and as the [[Governor of Meghalaya]], [[Governor of Manipur|Manipur]], and [[Governor of Tripura|Tripura]] (1972{{ndash}}1973)}}
| {{small|18 September}} 1973
| '''{{ayd|17 Apr 1968|18 Sep 1973}}'''
| [[Zakir Husain]]
|-
! 3
|
| '''[[Lallan Prasad Singh]]''' {{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd) (1912{{ndash}}1998)}}
| [[Bihar]]
| {{small|19 September}} 1973{{efn-lg|Concurrently also served as the [[Governor of Assam|Assam]], [[Governor of Meghalaya|Meghalaya]], [[Governor of Manipur|Manipur]], and [[Governor of Tripura|Tripura]]}}
| {{small|9 August}} 1981
| '''{{ayd|19 Sep 1973|9 Aug 1981}}'''
| [[V. V. Giri]]
|-
! 4
|
| '''[[S. M. H. Burney]]''' {{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd) (1924{{ndash}}2014)}}
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| {{small|10 August}} 1981{{efn-lg|name=NT|Concurrently also served as the [[Governor of Manipur]] and [[Governor of Tripura|Tripura]]}}
| {{small|12 June}} 1984{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Haryana]]}}
| '''{{ayd|10 Aug 1981|12 Jun 1984}}'''
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
|-
! 5
| [[File:General Kotikalapudi Venkata Krishna Rao.jpg|70px]]
| {{small|[[General (India)|General]]}} '''[[K. V. Krishna Rao]]''' {{small|(Retd)}} {{post-nominals|country=IND|PVSM}} {{small|(1923{{ndash}}2016)}}
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| {{small|13 June}} 1984{{efn-lg|name=NT}}
| {{small|19 July}} 1989{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]]}}
| '''{{ayd|13 Jun 1984|19 Jul 1989}}'''
| [[Zail Singh]]
|-
! 6
| [[File:Gopal Singh Rajya Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Gopal Singh (politician)|Gopal Singh]]''' {{small|(1917{{ndash}}1990)}}
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| {{small|20 July}} 1989
| {{small|3 May}} 1990{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}
| '''{{ayd|20 Jul 1989|3 May 1990}}'''
| rowspan="3"| [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]
|-
! 7
|
| '''[[M. M. Thomas]]''' {{small|(1916{{ndash}}1996)}}
| [[Kerala]]
| {{small|9 May}} 1990
| {{small|12 April}} 1992{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}
| '''{{ayd|9 May 1990|12 Apr 1992}}'''
|- bgcolor="wheat"
! 8
| [[File:Lokanath Misra.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Lokanath Misra]]''' {{small|(1921{{ndash}}2009)}} (Additional Charge)
| [[Orissa]]
| {{small|13 April}} 1992
| {{small|1 October}} 1993
| '''{{ayd|13 Apr 1992|1 Oct 1993}}'''
|-
! 9
| bgcolor="wheat"|
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|[[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]}} '''[[V. K. Nayar]]''' {{small|(Retd)}} {{post-nominals|country=IND|PVSM|SM}} {{small|(d. 2015)}} (Additional Charge)
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{ndash}}
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|2 October}} 1993
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|4 August}} 1994
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|2 Oct 1993|4 Aug 1994}}'''
| rowspan="3"| [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
|-
! 10
| [[File:Oudh Narayan Shrivastava.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Oudh Narayan Shrivastava]]''' {{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd) (born 1935)}}
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| {{small|23 December}} 1994
| {{small|11 November}} 1996{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Manipur]]}}
| '''{{ayd|23 Dec 1994|1 Dec 1999}}'''
|-
! 11
| [[File:Om Prakash Sharma Governor.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Om Prakash Sharma (Nagaland politician)|Om Prakash Sharma]]''' {{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)}}
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| {{small|12 November}} 1996
| {{small|27 January}} 2002
| '''{{ayd|12 Nov 1996|27 Jan 2002}}'''
|-
! 12
| [[File:Shyamal Dutta.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Shyamal Datta]]''' {{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd) (born 1941)}}
| [[West Bengal]]
| {{small|28 January}} 2002
| {{small|2 February}} 2007
| '''{{ayd|28 Jan 2002|2 Feb 2007}}'''
| [[K. R. Narayanan]]
|-
! 13
| [[File:Governor of Maharashtra, Shri K. Sankaranarayanan with Vice President Hamid Ansari at TISS in 2013.png|70px]]
| '''[[K. Sankaranarayanan|Kateekal Sankaranarayanan]]''' {{small|(1932{{ndash}}2022)}}
| [[Kerala]]
| {{small|3 February}} 2007
| {{small|28 July}} 2009{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Jharkhand]]}}
| '''{{ayd|3 Feb 2007|28 Jul 2009}}'''
| [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]
|-
! 14
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:Gurbachan Jagat.jpg|70px]]
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[Gurbachan Jagat]]''' {{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd) (born 1942)}} (Additional Charge)
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[Chandigarh]]
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|28 July}} 2009
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|14 Oct}} 2009
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|28 Jul 2009|14 Oct 2009}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Pratibha Patil]]
|-
! 15
| [[File:Nikhil Kumar Nagaland Governor (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Nikhil Kumar (governor)|Nikhil Kumar]]''' {{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd) (born 1941)}}
| [[Bihar]]
| {{small|15 October}} 2009
| {{small|20 March}} 2013{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Kerala]]}}
| '''{{ayd|15 Oct 2009|20 Mar 2013}}'''
|-
! 16
| [[File:The Governor of Nagaland, Shri Ashwani Kumar calling on the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on June 20, 2014 (cropped).jpg|104x104px]]
| '''[[Ashwani Kumar (police officer)|Ashwani Kumar]]''' {{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd) (1950{{ndash}}2020)}}
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| {{small|21 March}} 2013
| {{small|1 July}} 2014{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}
| '''{{ayd|21 Mar 2013|1 Jul 2014}}'''
| rowspan="3" | [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
|- bgcolor="wheat"
! 17
| [[File:Governor of Uttarakhand Krishan Kant Paul (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Krishan Kant Paul]]''' {{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd) (born 1948)}} (Additional Charge)
| [[Chandigarh]]
| 2 July 2014
| {{small|19 July}} 2014{{efn-lg|Although his successor, [[Vakkom Purushothaman]] was appointed, he was never sworn in, so Paul continued till 19th July 2014}}
| '''{{ayd|'''17 days'''
|-
! 18
| [[File:Smriti Irani meeting the Governor of Tripura Padmanabha Balakrishna Acharya (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Padmanabha Acharya]]''' {{small|(1931{{ndash}}2023)}}
| [[Karnataka]]
| {{small|19 July}} 2014
| {{small|31 July}} 2019
| '''{{ayd|19 Jul 2014|31 Jul 2019}}'''
|-
! 19
| [[File:The Governor of Nagaland, Shri R.N. Ravi.jpg|97x97px]]
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]''' {{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd) (born 1952)}}
| [[Bihar]]
| {{small|1 August}} 2019
| {{small|17 September}} 2021{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Tamil Nadu]]}}
| '''{{ayd|1 Sep 2019|17 Sep 2021}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
|- bgcolor="wheat"
! 20
| [[File:The Governor of Assam, Shri Jagdish Mukhi meeting the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on October 28, 2018 (cropped).JPG|91x91px]]
| '''[[Jagdish Mukhi]]''' {{small|(born 1942)}} (Additional Charge)
| [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]]
| {{small|17 September}} 2021
| {{small|19 February}} 2023
| '''{{ayd|17 Sep 2021|19 Feb 2023}}'''
|-
! 21
| [[File:La Ganesan Ji (cropped).jpg|120x120px]]
| '''[[La. Ganesan]]''' {{small|(1945{{ndash}}2025)}}
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| {{small|20 February}} 2023
| {{small|15 August}} 2025{{ref label|†|†|†}}
| '''{{ayd|20 Feb 2023|15 Aug 2025}}'''
| rowspan="3"| [[Droupadi Murmu]]
|- bgcolor="wheat"
! 22
| [[File:Ajay Bhalla in 2025 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]''' {{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd) (born 1960)}} (Additional Charge)
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| {{small|25 August}} 2025
| 13 March
2026
| '''{{ayd|25 Aug 2025|13 March 2026}}'''
|-
!23
| [[File: Governor of Nagaland Nand Kishor Yadav.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''
(born 1953)
|[[Bihar]]
|13 March
2026
|''Incumbent''
|'''{{ayd|13 Mar 2026}}'''
|}

{{div col|colwidth=42em}}
{{reflist|group=lower-greek}}
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[Nagaland]]
* [[Governors of India]]
* [[Chief Minister of Nagaland]]
{{More citations needed|date=September 2014}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070208084406/http://www.nagaland.nic.in/functionaries/rajbhavan/list.htm

{{Governors_and_Lt_Governors_of_Indian_States}}
{{Nagaland}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Governors of Nagaland}}
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Nagaland]]
[[Category:Governors of Nagaland| ]]
[[Category:Nagaland-related lists|Governors]]

https://nagaland.gov.in/governors

Rahul Mazumdar

2026-03-27T06:57:34Z

Kanchin789:

{{Short description|Indian model and actor}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rahul Mazumdar
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| other_names =
| birth_name = Rahul Mazumdar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|05|05|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata, West Bengal]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse =
| mother =
| known_for = [[Debi Choudhurani]] [[Bhaggolokkhi]] [[Khukumoni Home Delivery]] [[Horogouri Pice Hotel]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Actor, model
| years_active = 2017–present
}}

'''Rahul Mazumdar''' (born 5 May 1990) is an Indian actor who predominantly works in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali films]] and TV series. Rahul made his debut with the Bengali movie ''Wrong Route,'' in which he played the lead role.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-23|title= Wrong Route Movie Review {2/5}|website= [[The Times of India]]|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/wrong-route/movie-review/62566333.cms|access-date=2018-01-28|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wrong Route (2018) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in kolkata |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/kolkata/wrong-route/ET00068952?utm_source=FBLIKE&fbrefresh=1 |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=June 2025|reason=[[WP:TIMESOFINDIA]]}} He is originally from [[Kolkata]].

==Career==
Rahul Mazumdar started his career with the Bengali television series ''[[Debi Choudhurani]].''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-23|title=Watch Debi Choudhurani All Latest Episodes on Disney|url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/debi-choudhurani/18243/list/episodes/t-1_2_1557|access-date=2018-07-10|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202161401/https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/debi-choudhurani/18243/list/episodes/t-1_2_1557|url-status=dead}}</ref> Apart from ''Debi Choudhurani,'' he has worked in many television serials such as ''[[Bhaggolokkhi]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-23|title= Sharly Modak-Rahul Mazumdar starrer 'Bhaggolokkhi' to end soon|work= The Times of India|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/sharly-modak-rahul-mazumdar-starrer-bhaggolokkhi-to-end-soon/articleshow/81506054.cms|access-date=2021-07-10|language=en-US}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=June 2025|reason=[[WP:TIMESOFINDIA]]}} ''[[Khukumoni Home Delivery]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-23|title= Daily soap 'Khukumoni Home Delivery' to end its journey?|work= The Times of India|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/daily-soap-khukumoni-home-delivery-to-end-its-journey/articleshow/90873978.cms|access-date=2022-04-29|language=en-US}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=June 2025|reason=[[WP:TIMESOFINDIA]]}} and ''[[Horogouri Pice Hotel]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-03-23|title= TV show 'Horogouri Pice Hotel' set to feature a new twist|work= The Times of India|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/tv-show-horogouri-pice-hotel-set-to-feature-a-new-twist/articleshow/98381878.cms?from=mdr|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Unreliable source?|date=June 2025|reason=[[WP:TIMESOFINDIA]]}}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Channel
! Notes
! References
! Co–Star
|-
| 2018–2019
| ''[[Debi Chowdhurani (TV series)|Debi Chowdhurani]]''
| Brojeshwar "Brojo" Rai
| rowspan = "5" | [[Star Jalsha]]
| rowspan="6" | Lead Role
| <ref>{{cite web|date=2018-06-23|title= Bengali television show 'Debi Choudhurani' completes one year|website= [[The Times of India]]|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/bengali-television-show-debi-choudhurani-completes-one-year/articleshow/70276733.cms|access-date=2018-07-10|language=en-US}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=June 2025|reason=[[WP:TIMESOFINDIA]]}}
| ''Sonamoni Saha''
|-
| 2020–2021
| ''[[Bhaggolokkhi]]''
| Bodhayon "Bodhi" Sarkar
| <ref>{{cite web|date=2021-06-23|title= TV show Bhaggolokkhi completes 100 episodes; team enjoys celebration party on the set|work= The Times of India|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/tv-show-bhaggolokkhi-completes-100-episodes-team-enjoys-celebration-party-on-the-set/articleshow/79661969.cms|access-date=2021-07-10|language=en-US}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=June 2025|reason=[[WP:TIMESOFINDIA]]}}
| ''Sharly Modak''
|-
| 2021–2022
| ''[[Khukumoni Home Delivery]]''
| Bihan Deb
| <ref>{{cite web|date=2022-04-23|title= 'Khukumoni Home Delivery' to go off air; team wraps up shoot|work= The Times of India|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/khukumoni-home-delivery-to-go-off-air-team-wraps-up-shoot/articleshow/91140159.cms|access-date=2022-04-29|language=en-US}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=June 2025|reason=[[WP:TIMESOFINDIA]]}}
| ''Dipanwita Rakshit''
|-
| 2022–2024
| ''[[Horogouri Pice Hotel]]''
| Shankar Ghosh
| <ref>{{cite web|date=2022-04-23|title=Watch Horogouri Pice Hotel All Latest Episodes on|url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/horogouri-pice-hotel/1260113099/list/episodes/t-1_2_4198|access-date=2022-04-29|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419100244/https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/horogouri-pice-hotel/1260113099/list/episodes/t-1_2_4198|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Suvosmita Mukherjee
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Anurager Chhowa]]''
| S.P. Aditya Choudhury
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=আসছে 'অনুরাগের ছোঁয়া' সিজন ২? সূর্য নয় এবার দীপার বিপরীতে দেখা যাবে টলিপাড়ার কোন নায়ককে? |url=https://www.aajkaal.in/entertainment/rahul-mazumder-swastika-ghosh-and-tiyasha-lapcha-pairing-up-for-anurager-chhowa-s-new-season-109536 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=www.aajkaal.in |language=bn}}</ref>
| {{ubl|''Swastika Ghosh''|[[Tiyasha Lepcha]]}}
|-
|2026–Present
|''Saat Paake Bandha''
|Shubho
|[[Zee Bangla]]
|
| Sampurna Rakshit
|-
|}

== Films ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Ref.
|-
|2018
|''Wrong Route''
|Bonny
|
|-
|Upcoming
|''Take Care Bhalobasa''
|Ishan
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banerjee |first=Swati Das |date=2025-06-29 |title=তোমারে রাখিবো যতনে, মুক্তি পেল 'টেক কেয়ার ভালোবাসা' ছবির মোশন পোস্টার |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/new-bengali-film-take-care-bhalobasha-motion-poster-release-out-31751214838611.html |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm5439033}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mazumdar, Rahul}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Bengali male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]

Fluoride

2026-03-24T10:50:24Z

Kanchin789: added info

{{Short description|Ion of fluorine}}
{{About|the fluoride ion|a review of fluorine compounds|Compounds of fluorine|the fluoride additive used in toothpaste|Fluoride therapy}}
{{Distinguish|Floride (disambiguation){{!}}Floride|Fluorite}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Chembox
| IUPACName = Fluoride<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/28179 |title=Fluorides – PubChem Public Chemical Database |work=The PubChem Project |location=USA |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information |at=Identification}}</ref>
| ImageFileL1 = F- crop.svg
| ImageSizeL1 = 100px
| ImageFileR1 = Fluoride_ion.svg
| ImageSizeR1 = 100px
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 16984-48-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = Q80VPU408O
| PubChem = 28179
| ChemSpiderID = 26214
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| KEGG = C00742
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| MeSHName = Fluoride
| ChEBI = 17051
| ChEMBL = 1362
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| Gmelin = 14905
| SMILES = [F-]
| StdInChI = 1S/FH/h1H/p-1
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{Chem|F|-}}
| F=1
| ConjugateAcid = [[Hydrogen fluoride]]
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −333 kJ/mol
| Entropy = 145.58 J/(mol⋅K) (gaseous)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C16984488&Mask=1#Thermo-Gas |title=Fluorine anion |pages=1–1951 |publisher=NIST |access-date=July 4, 2012|year=1998 |last1=Chase |first1=M. W. }}</ref>
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = {{unbulleted list|[[Chloride]]|[[Bromide]]|[[Iodide]]}}
}}
}}

'''Fluoride''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|l|ʊər|aɪ|d|,_|ˈ|f|l|ɔr|-}})<ref name="wells313">{{cite book |last1=Wells |first1=J. C. |title=Longman pronunciation dictionary |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education Limited/Longman |location=Harlow, England |isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0 |page=313 |edition=3rd}}. According to this source, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|l|uː|ə|r|aɪ|d}} is a possible pronunciation in British English.</ref> is an [[Inorganic chemistry|inorganic]], [[Monatomic ion|monatomic]] [[Ion#Anions and cations|anion]] of [[fluorine]], with the [[chemical formula]] {{Chem|F|−}} (also written {{Chem|[F]|−}}), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes and are odorless. Its salts and minerals are important [[Reagent|chemical reagents]] and industrial chemicals, mainly used in the production of [[hydrogen fluoride]] for [[fluorocarbon]]s. Fluoride is classified as a weak base, since it only partially associates in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin.

Fluoride is the simplest fluorine [[anion]]. In terms of charge and size, the fluoride [[ion]] resembles the [[hydroxide]] ion. Fluoride ions occur on [[Earth]] in several minerals, particularly [[fluorite]], but are present only in trace quantities in bodies of water in nature.

== Nomenclature ==
Fluorides include compounds that contain ionic fluoride and those in which fluoride does not dissociate. The nomenclature does not distinguish these situations. For example, [[sulfur hexafluoride]] and [[carbon tetrafluoride]] are not sources of fluoride ions under ordinary conditions.

The systematic name ''fluoride'', the valid [[IUPAC]] name, is determined according to the additive nomenclature. However, the name ''fluoride'' is also used in compositional IUPAC nomenclature which does not take the nature of bonding involved into account.
''Fluoride'' is also used non-systematically, to describe compounds which release fluoride upon dissolving. Hydrogen fluoride is itself an example of a non-systematic name of this nature. However, it is also a [[trivial name]], and the [[preferred IUPAC name]] for ''fluorane''.{{citation needed|date = September 2017}}

==Occurrence==
[[File:Calcite sur fluorine (USA) 1.JPG|right|thumb|Fluorite crystals]]
[[Fluorine]] is estimated to be the 13th-most [[Abundance of elements in Earth's crust|abundant element]] in Earth's crust and is widely dispersed in nature, entirely in the form of fluorides. The vast majority is held in [[:Category:Fluorine minerals|mineral deposits]], the most commercially important of which is [[fluorite]] (CaF2).<ref name=Aigueperse/> Natural weathering of some kinds of rocks,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Derakhshani |first1=R |last2=Raoof |first2=A |last3=Mahvi |first3=AH |last4=Chatrouz |first4=H |title=Similarities in the Fingerprints of Coal Mining Activities, High Ground Water Fluoride, and Dental Fluorosis in Zarand District, Kerman Province, Iran |journal=Fluoride |date=2020 |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=257–267}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Derakhshani |first1=R |last2=Tavallaie |first2=M |last3=Malek Mohammad |first3=T |last4=Abbasnejad |first4=A |last5=Haghdoost |first5=A |title=Occurrence of fluoride in groundwater of Zarand region, Kerman province, Iran |journal=Fluoride |date=2014 |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=133–138}}</ref> as well as human activities, releases fluorides into the [[biosphere]] through what is sometimes called the [[fluorine cycle]].

===In water===
Fluoride is naturally present in groundwater, [[Fresh water|fresh]] and [[Saline water|saltwater]] sources, as well as in rainwater, particularly in urban areas exposed to air pollution.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=210&tid=38 |title= Public Health Statement for Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Fluorine |publisher= [[ATSDR]] |date= September 2003 |access-date= 17 August 2019 |archive-date= 17 August 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190817163434/https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp%3Fid%3D210%26tid%3D38 |url-status= dead }}</ref> Seawater fluoride levels are usually in the range of 0.86 to 1.4 mg/L, and average 1.1 mg/L<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wat/wq/BCguidelines/fluoride/fluoridetoo-01.html |title=Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Fluoride |publisher=Government of British Columbia |access-date=8 October 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035152/http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wat/wq/BCguidelines/fluoride/fluoridetoo-01.html}}</ref> (milligrams per [[litre]]). For comparison, [[chloride]] concentration in seawater is about 19 g/L. The low concentration of fluoride reflects the insolubility of the [[Alkaline earth metal|alkaline earth]] fluorides, e.g., CaF2.

Concentrations in fresh water vary more significantly. [[Surface water]] such as rivers or lakes generally contains between 0.01 and 0.3 mg/L.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liteplo |first1=R. |last2=Gomes |first2=R. |last3=Howe |first3=P. |last4=Malcolm |first4=Heath |title=FLUORIDES - Environmental Health Criteria 227: 1st draft |date=2002 |publisher=World Health Organization |location=Geneva |isbn=978-92-4-157227-9 |url=http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc227.htm#1.4}}</ref> [[Groundwater]] (well water) concentrations vary even more, depending on the presence of local fluoride-containing minerals. For example, natural levels of under 0.05 mg/L have been detected in parts of Canada but up to 8 mg/L in parts of China; in general levels rarely exceed 10 mg/L.<ref name=Fawell>{{cite web |author1=Fawell, J.K. |title=Fluoride in Drinking-water Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality |url=https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/fluoride.pdf |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=6 May 2016 |ref=WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/96 |language=en |display-authors=etal}}</ref>
* In parts of Asia the groundwater can contain dangerously high levels of fluoride, leading to serious [[Fluoride toxicity#Chronic toxicity|health problems]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yadav |first1=Krishna Kumar |last2=Kumar |first2=Sandeep |last3=Pham |first3=Quoc Bao |last4=Gupta |first4=Neha |last5=Rezania |first5=Shahabaldin |last6=Kamyab |first6=Hesam |last7=Yadav |first7=Shalini |last8=Vymazal |first8=Jan |last9=Kumar |first9=Vinit |last10=Tri |first10=Doan Quang |last11=Talaiekhozani |first11=Amirreza |last12=Prasad |first12=Shiv |last13=Reece |first13=Lisa M. |last14=Singh |first14=Neeraja |last15=Maurya |first15=Pradip Kumar |last16=Cho |first16=Jinwoo |title=Fluoride contamination, health problems and remediation methods in Asian groundwater: A comprehensive review |journal=Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |date=October 2019 |volume=182 |article-number=109362 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.045 |pmid=31254856 |bibcode=2019EcoES.18209362Y |s2cid=195764865 }}</ref>
* Worldwide, 50 million people receive water from water supplies that naturally have close to the "optimal level".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tiemann |first1=Mary |title=Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Review of Fluoridation and Regulation Issues |url=https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33280.pdf |publisher=Congressional Research Service |access-date=6 May 2016 |ref=7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33280 |page=3 |date=April 5, 2013}}</ref>
* In other locations the level of fluoride is very low, sometimes leading to [[Water fluoridation|fluoridation]] of public water supplies to bring the level to around 0.7–1.2 ppm.
* [[Mining]] can increase local fluoride levels.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chandio |first1=Tasawar Ali |last2=Khan |first2=Muhammad Nasiruddin |last3=Muhammad |first3=Maria Taj |last4=Yalcinkaya |first4=Ozcan |last5=Wasim |first5=Agha Arslan |last6=Kayis |first6=Ahmet Furkan |title=Fluoride and arsenic contamination in drinking water due to mining activities and its impact on local area population |journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research |date=January 2021 |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=2355–2368 |doi=10.1007/s11356-020-10575-9 |pmid=32880840 |bibcode=2021ESPR...28.2355C |s2cid=221463681 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Fluoride can be present in rain, with its concentration increasing significantly upon exposure to volcanic activity<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bellomo |first1=Sergio |last2=Aiuppa |first2=Alessandro |last3=D'Alessandro |first3=Walter |last4=Parello |first4=Francesco |title=Environmental impact of magmatic fluorine emission in the Mt. Etna area |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |date=August 2007 |volume=165 |issue=1–2 |pages=87–101 |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.04.013 |bibcode=2007JVGR..165...87B }}</ref> or atmospheric pollution derived from burning fossil fuels or other sorts of industry,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Frank A. |last2=Hodge |first2=Harold C. |last3=Dinman |first3=B. D. |title=Airborne fluorides and man: Part I |journal=CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control |date=9 January 2009 |volume=8 |issue=1–4 |pages=293–371 |doi=10.1080/10643387709381665}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Frank A. |last2=Hodge |first2=Harold C. |last3=Dinman |first3=B. D. |title=Airborne fluorides and man: Part II |journal=CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control |date=9 January 2009 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.1080/10643387909381666}}</ref> particularly [[aluminium smelter]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arnesen |first1=A.K.M. |last2=Abrahamsen |first2=G. |last3=Sandvik |first3=G. |last4=Krogstad |first4=T. |title=Aluminium-smelters and fluoride pollution of soil and soil solution in Norway |journal=Science of the Total Environment |date=February 1995 |volume=163 |issue=1–3 |pages=39–53 |doi=10.1016/0048-9697(95)04479-K |bibcode=1995ScTEn.163...39A }}</ref>

===In plants===
All vegetation contains some fluoride, which is absorbed from soil and water.<ref name=Fawell /> Some plants concentrate fluoride from their environment more than others. All tea leaves contain fluoride; however, mature leaves contain as much as 10 to 20 times the fluoride levels of young leaves from the same plant.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Wong MH, Fung KF, Carr HP |title=Aluminium and fluoride contents of tea, with emphasis on brick tea and their health implications |journal=Toxicology Letters |volume=137 |issue=1–2 |pages=111–20 |year=2003 |pmid=12505437 |doi=10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00385-5 }}</ref><ref name="pmid18078704">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malinowska E, Inkielewicz I, Czarnowski W, Szefer P |title=Assessment of fluoride concentration and daily intake by human from tea and herbal infusions |journal=Food Chem. Toxicol. |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=1055–61 |year=2008 |pmid=18078704 |doi=10.1016/j.fct.2007.10.039}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gardner EJ, Ruxton CH, Leeds AR |title=Black tea—helpful or harmful? A review of the evidence |journal=European Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=3–18 |year=2007 |pmid=16855537 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602489 |doi-access= }}</ref>

== Chemical properties ==

=== Basicity ===
Fluoride can act as a [[Base (chemistry)|base]]. It can combine with a [[proton]] ({{H+}}):

:{{chem2 | F- + H+ -> HF }}

This neutralization reaction forms [[hydrogen fluoride]] (HF), the [[conjugate acid]] of fluoride.

In aqueous solution, fluoride has a [[acid dissociation constant|p''K''b]] value of 10.8. It is therefore a [[weak base]], and tends to remain as the fluoride ion rather than generating a substantial amount of hydrogen fluoride. That is, the following equilibrium favours the left-hand side in water:

:{{chem2 | F- + H2O <-> HF + HO- }}

However, upon prolonged contact with moisture, soluble fluoride salts will decompose to their respective hydroxides or oxides, as the hydrogen fluoride escapes. Fluoride is distinct in this regard among the halides. The identity of the solvent can have a dramatic effect on the equilibrium shifting it to the right-hand side, greatly increasing the rate of decomposition.

=== Structure of fluoride salts===
Salts containing fluoride are numerous and adopt myriad structures. Typically the fluoride anion is surrounded by four or six cations, as is typical for other halides. [[Sodium fluoride]] and [[sodium chloride]] adopt the same structure. For compounds containing more than one fluoride per cation, the structures often deviate from those of the chlorides, as illustrated by the main fluoride mineral [[fluorite]] (CaF2) where the Ca2+ ions are surrounded by eight F− centers. In CaCl2, each Ca2+ ion is surrounded by six Cl− centers. The difluorides of the transition metals often adopt the [[rutile]] structure whereas the dichlorides have [[cadmium chloride]] structures.

===Inorganic chemistry===
Upon treatment with a standard acid, fluoride salts convert to [[hydrogen fluoride]] and metal [[salt (chemistry)|salt]]s. With very strong acids, it can be doubly protonated to give [[fluoronium|{{Chem|H|2|F|+}}]]. Oxidation of fluoride gives fluorine. Solutions of inorganic fluorides in water contain F− and [[bifluoride]] {{chem|HF|2|-}}.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wiberg|last2=Holleman|first2=A.F.|title=Inorganic chemistry|date=2001|publisher=Academic Press, W. de Gruyter.|location=San Diego, Calif. : Berlin|isbn=978-0-12-352651-9|edition=1st English ed., [edited] by Nils Wiberg.}}</ref> Few inorganic fluorides are soluble in water without undergoing significant hydrolysis. In terms of its reactivity, fluoride differs significantly from [[chloride]] and other halides, and is more strongly solvated in [[protic solvent]]s due to its smaller radius/charge ratio. Its closest chemical relative is [[hydroxide]], since both have similar geometries.

===Naked fluoride===
Most fluoride salts dissolve to give the bifluoride ({{chem|HF|2|-}}) anion. Sources of true F− anions are rare because the highly basic fluoride anion abstracts protons from many, even adventitious, sources. Relative [[solvation|unsolvated]] fluoride, which does exist in aprotic solvents, is called "naked". '''Naked fluoride''' is a strong [[Lewis base]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schwesinger |first1=Reinhard |last2=Link |first2=Reinhard |last3=Wenzl |first3=Peter |last4=Kossek |first4=Sebastian |title=Anhydrous Phosphazenium Fluorides as Sources for Extremely Reactive Fluoride Ions in Solution |journal=Chemistry: A European Journal |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=438–45 |year=2005 |pmid=16196062 |doi=10.1002/chem.200500838 }}</ref> and a powerful nucleophile. Some quaternary ammonium salts of naked fluoride include [[tetramethylammonium fluoride]] and [[tetrabutylammonium fluoride]].<ref name=dimagno>{{cite journal |author1=Haoran Sun |author2=Stephen G. DiMagno |name-list-style=amp | title= Anhydrous Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride | journal= [[Journal of the American Chemical Society]] | year= 2005 | volume= 127 | pages= 2050–1| doi=10.1021/ja0440497 | pmid= 15713075 | issue= 7}}</ref> [[Cobaltocenium]] fluoride is another example.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/ja00103a045|title=Cobaltocenium Fluoride: A Novel Source of "Naked" Fluoride Formed by Carbon-Fluorine Bond Activation in a Saturated Perfluorocarbon|year=1994|last1=Bennett|first1=Brian K.|last2=Harrison|first2=Roger G.|last3=Richmond|first3=Thomas G.|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=116|issue=24|pages=11165–11166}}</ref> However, they all lack structural characterization in aprotic solvents. Because of their high basicity, many so-called naked fluoride sources are in fact bifluoride salts. In late 2016 [[imidazolium]] fluoride was synthesized that is the closest approximation of a thermodynamically stable and structurally characterized example of a "naked" fluoride source in an aprotic solvent (acetonitrile).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Alič | first1 = B. | last2 = Tavčar | first2 = G. | year = 2016 | title = Reaction of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) with different HF sources and ratios – A free fluoride reagent based on imidazolium fluoride | journal = J. Fluorine Chem. | volume = 192 | pages = 141–146 | doi = 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.11.004 }}</ref> The sterically demanding imidazolium cation stabilizes the discrete anions and protects them from polymerization.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Alič | first1 = B. | last2 = Tramšek | first2 = M. | last3 = Kokalj | first3 = A. | last4 = Tavčar | first4 = G. | year = 2017| title = Discrete GeF5– Anion Structurally Characterized with a Readily Synthesized Imidazolium Based Naked Fluoride Reagent | journal = Inorg. Chem. | volume = 56 | issue = 16| pages = 10070–10077 | doi = 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01606 | pmid = 28792216 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Zupanek | first1 = Ž. | last2 = Tramšek | first2 = M. | last3 = Kokalj | first3 = A. | last4 = Tavčar | first4 = G. | year = 2018| title = Reactivity of VOF3 with N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Imidazolium Fluoride: Analysis of Ligand–VOF3 Bonding with Evidence of a Minute π Back-Donation of Fluoride | journal = Inorg. Chem. | volume = 57 | issue = 21| pages = 13866–13879 | doi = 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02377 | pmid = 30353729 | s2cid = 53031199 }}</ref>

=== Biochemistry ===
At physiological pHs, [[hydrogen fluoride]] is usually fully ionised to fluoride. In [[biochemistry]], fluoride and hydrogen fluoride are equivalent. Fluorine, in the form of fluoride, is considered to be a [[micronutrient]] for human health, necessary to prevent dental cavities, and to promote healthy bone growth.<ref name="who.int">{{cite web|last1=Fawell|first1=J. |title=Fluoride in Drinking-water|url=https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/fluoride.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref> The tea plant (''[[Camellia sinensis]]'' L.) is a known accumulator of fluorine compounds, released upon forming infusions such as the common beverage. The fluorine compounds decompose into products including fluoride ions. Fluoride is the most bioavailable form of fluorine, and as such, tea is potentially a vehicle for fluoride dosing.<ref name=Chan2013>{{Cite journal|last=Chan|first=Laura|author2=Mehra, Aradhana |author3=Saikat, Sohel |author4= Lynch, Paul |title=Human exposure assessment of fluoride from tea (''Camellia sinensis'' L.): A UK based issue?|journal=Food Research International|date=May 2013|volume=51|issue=2|pages=564–570|doi=10.1016/j.foodres.2013.01.025}}</ref> Approximately, 50% of absorbed fluoride is excreted renally with a twenty-four-hour period. The remainder can be retained in the oral cavity, and lower digestive tract. Fasting dramatically increases the rate of fluoride absorption to near 100%, from a 60% to 80% when taken with food.<ref name=Chan2013 /> Per a 2013 study, it was found that consumption of one litre of tea a day, can potentially supply the daily recommended intake of 4 mg per day. Some lower quality brands can supply up to a 120% of this amount. Fasting can increase this to 150%. The study indicates that tea drinking communities are at an increased risk of [[dental fluorosis|dental]] and [[skeletal fluorosis]], in the case where water fluoridation is in effect.<ref name=Chan2013 /> Fluoride ion in low doses in the mouth reduces tooth decay.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://oradyne.net/fluoride-free-toothpaste/| title=Fluoride Free Toothpaste – Fluoride (Finally!) Explained| date=2016-06-27| access-date=18 July 2016| archive-date=16 August 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816085746/http://oradyne.net/fluoride-free-toothpaste/| url-status=dead}}</ref> For this reason, it is used in toothpaste and water fluoridation. At much higher doses and frequent exposure, fluoride causes health complications and can be toxic.

==Applications==
{{See also|Fluorochemical industry|Biological aspects of fluorine|Fluorine}}
Fluoride salts and hydrofluoric acid are the main fluorides of industrial value.

===Organofluorine chemistry===
{{main|Organofluorine chemistry}}
Organofluorine compounds are pervasive. Many drugs, many polymers, refrigerants, and many inorganic compounds are made from fluoride-containing reagents. Often fluorides are converted to hydrogen fluoride, which is a major reagent and precursor to reagents. Hydrofluoric acid and its anhydrous form, [[hydrogen fluoride]], are particularly important.<ref name="Aigueperse">{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Aigueperse|first1=Jean|encyclopedia=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|last2=Mollard|first2=Paul|last3=Devilliers|first3=Didier|last4=Chemla|first4=Marius|last5=Faron|first5=Robert|last6=Romano|first6=René|last7=Cuer|first7=Jean Pierre|year=2000|doi=10.1002/14356007.a11_307|isbn=978-3-527-30673-2|chapter=Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic}}</ref>

===Production of metals and their compounds===
The main uses of fluoride, in terms of volume, are in the production of cryolite, Na3AlF6. It is used in [[aluminium smelting]]. Formerly, it was mined, but now it is derived from hydrogen fluoride. Fluorite is used on a large scale to separate slag in steel-making. Mined [[fluorite]] (CaF2) is a commodity chemical used in steel-making. [[Uranium hexafluoride]] is employed in the purification of uranium isotopes.

===Cavity prevention===
{{main|Fluoride therapy|Water fluoridation}}
[[Image:Sodium fluoride tablets.jpg|thumb|right|Sodium fluoride sold in tablets for cavity prevention.]]
Fluoride-containing compounds, such as [[sodium fluoride]] or [[sodium monofluorophosphate]] are used in topical and systemic [[fluoride therapy]] for preventing [[Dental caries|tooth decay]]. They are used for [[water fluoridation]] and in many products associated with [[oral hygiene]].<ref name="mcdonagh2000">{{cite journal|author1=McDonagh M. S. |author2=Whiting P. F. |author3=Wilson P. M. |author4=Sutton A. J. |author5=Chestnutt I. |author6=Cooper J. |author7=Misso K. |author8=Bradley M. |author9=Treasure E. |author10=Kleijnen J. |year=2000 |title=Systematic review of water fluoridation |journal=[[British Medical Journal]] |volume=321 |issue=7265| pages=855–859|doi=10.1136/bmj.321.7265.855 |pmid=11021861|pmc=27492}}</ref> Originally, sodium fluoride was used to fluoridate water; [[hexafluorosilicic acid]] (H2SiF6) and its salt [[sodium hexafluorosilicate]] (Na2SiF6) are more commonly used additives, especially in the United States. The fluoridation of water is known to prevent tooth decay<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Griffin SO, Regnier E, Griffin PM, Huntley V |title=Effectiveness of fluoride in preventing caries in adults |journal=J. Dent. Res. |volume=86 |issue=5 |pages=410–5 |year=2007 |pmid=17452559 |doi=10.1177/154405910708600504|hdl=10945/60693 |s2cid=58958881 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Winston A. E. |author2=Bhaskar S. N. |title=Caries prevention in the 21st century |journal=J. Am. Dent. Assoc. |volume=129 |issue=11 |pages=1579–87 |date=1 November 1998 |pmid=9818575 |url=http://jada.ada.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9818575 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715143950/http://jada.ada.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9818575 |archive-date=15 July 2012 |doi=10.14219/jada.archive.1998.0104 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> and is considered by the U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] to be "one of 10 great public health achievements of the 20th century".<ref>{{cite web|title=Community Water Fluoridation|url=https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ten Great Public Health Achievements in the 20th Century|url=https://www.cdc.gov/about/history/tengpha.htm|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=10 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313072852/http://www.cdc.gov/about/history/tengpha.htm|archive-date=2016-03-13}}</ref> In some countries where large, centralized water systems are uncommon, fluoride is delivered to the populace by fluoridating table salt. Despite medical consensus as to its safety, fluoridation of water has its critics {{crossreference|(see [[Water fluoridation controversy]])}}.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Newbrun E |title=The fluoridation war: a scientific dispute or a religious argument? |journal=Journal of Public Health Dentistry |volume=56 |issue=5 Spec No |pages=246–52 |year=1996 |pmid=9034969 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-7325.1996.tb02447.x}}</ref> Fluoridated [[toothpaste]] is in common use. [[Meta-analysis]] show the efficacy of 500 ppm fluoride in toothpastes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Walsh|first1=Tanya|last2=Worthington|first2=Helen V.|last3=Glenny|first3=Anne-Marie|last4=Marinho|first4=Valeria Cc|last5=Jeroncic|first5=Ana|date=March 4, 2019|title=Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=3|issue=3|article-number=CD007868|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007868.pub3|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6398117|pmid=30829399}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Remineralization of initial carious lesions in deciduous enamel after application of dentifrices of different fluoride concentrations|url=https://www.springermedizin.de/remineralization-of-initial-carious-lesions-in-deciduous-enamel-/8679072|access-date=2021-02-24|website=springermedizin.de|language=de}}</ref> However, no beneficial effect can be detected when more than one fluoride source is used for daily oral care.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hausen|first1=H.|last2=Kärkkäinen|first2=S.|last3=Seppä|first3=L.|date=February 2000|title=Application of the high-risk strategy to control dental caries|journal=Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology|volume=28|issue=1|pages=26–34|doi=10.1034/j.1600-0528.2000.280104.x|issn=0301-5661|pmid=10634681}}</ref>{{request quotation|date=August 2021}}

===Laboratory reagent===
Fluoride salts are commonly used in biological assay processing to [[enzyme inhibitor|inhibit]] the activity of [[phosphatases]], such as [[serine]]/[[threonine]] phosphatases.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Nakai C, Thomas JA |title=Properties of a phosphoprotein phosphatase from bovine heart with activity on glycogen synthase, phosphorylase, and histone |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=249 |issue=20 |pages=6459–67 |year=1974 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42179-0 |pmid=4370977 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Fluoride mimics the [[nucleophile|nucleophilic]] [[hydroxide]] ion in these enzymes' active sites.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schenk G, Elliott TW, Leung E |title=Crystal structures of a purple acid phosphatase, representing different steps of this enzyme's catalytic cycle |journal=BMC Struct. Biol. |volume=8 |page=6 |year=2008 |pmid=18234116 |doi=10.1186/1472-6807-8-6 |pmc=2267794|display-authors=etal |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Beryllium fluoride]] and [[aluminium fluoride]] are also used as phosphatase inhibitors, since these compounds are structural mimics of the [[phosphate]] group and can act as analogues of the [[transition state]] of the reaction.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang W, Cho HS, Kim R |title=Structural characterization of the reaction pathway in phosphoserine phosphatase: crystallographic "snapshots" of intermediate states |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=319 |issue=2 |pages=421–31 |year=2002 |pmid=12051918 |doi=10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00324-8 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Cho H, Wang W, Kim R |title=BeF(3)(-) acts as a phosphate analog in proteins phosphorylated on aspartate: structure of a BeF(3)(-) complex with phosphoserine phosphatase |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=98 |issue=15 |pages=8525–30 |year=2001 |pmid=11438683 |doi=10.1073/pnas.131213698 |pmc=37469|bibcode = 2001PNAS...98.8525C |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Dietary recommendations==
The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) updated Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for some minerals in 1997. Where there was not sufficient information to establish EARs and RDAs, an estimate designated Adequate Intake (AI) was used instead. AIs are typically matched to actual average consumption, with the assumption that there appears to be a need, and that need is met by what people consume. The current AI for women 19 years and older is 3.0 mg/day (includes pregnancy and lactation). The AI for men is 4.0 mg/day. The AI for children ages 1–18 increases from 0.7 to 3.0 mg/day. The major known risk of [[Fluorine deficiency|fluoride deficiency]] appears to be an increased risk of bacteria-caused tooth cavities. As for safety, the IOM sets tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) for vitamins and minerals when evidence is sufficient. In the case of fluoride the UL is 10 mg/day. Collectively the EARs, RDAs, AIs and ULs are referred to as [[Dietary Reference Intake]]s (DRIs).<ref name="DRItext">{{cite book | last1 = Institute of Medicine | title = Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride | chapter = Fluoride | publisher = The National Academies Press | year = 1997 | location = Washington, DC | pages = 288–313 | doi = 10.17226/5776 | pmid = 23115811 | isbn = 978-0-309-06403-3 | chapter-url = https://www.nap.edu/read/5776/chapter/10| author1-link = Institute of Medicine }}</ref>

The [[European Food Safety Authority]] (EFSA) refers to the collective set of information as Dietary Reference Values, with Population Reference Intake (PRI) instead of RDA, and Average Requirement instead of EAR. AI and UL are defined the same as in the United States. For women ages 18 and older the AI is set at 2.9 mg/day (including pregnancy and lactation). For men, the value is 3.4 mg/day. For children ages 1–17 years, the AIs increase with age from 0.6 to 3.2 mg/day. These AIs are comparable to the U.S. AIs.<ref>{{cite web | title = Overview on Dietary Reference Values for the EU population as derived by the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies| year = 2017| url = https://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/assets/DRV_Summary_tables_jan_17.pdf}}</ref> The EFSA reviewed safety evidence and set an adult UL at 7.0 mg/day (lower for children).<ref name="EFSAtext">{{citation| title = Tolerable Upper Intake Levels For Vitamins And Minerals| publisher = European Food Safety Authority| year = 2006| url = http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf}}</ref>

For U.S. food and dietary supplement labeling purposes, the amount of a vitamin or mineral in a serving is expressed as a percent of Daily Value (%DV). Although there is information to set Adequate Intake, fluoride does not have a Daily Value and is not required to be shown on food labels.<ref name="FedReg">{{cite web|url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |title=Federal Register May 27, 2016 Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. FR page 33982.}}</ref>

==Estimated daily intake==
Daily intakes of fluoride can vary significantly according to the various sources of exposure. Values ranging from 0.46 to 3.6–5.4 mg/day have been reported in several studies (IPCS, 1984).<ref name="who.int" /> In areas where water is [[water fluoridation|fluoridated]] this can be expected to be a significant source of fluoride, however fluoride is also naturally present in virtually all foods and beverages at a wide range of concentrations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/nutrients/report?nutrient1=313&nutrient2=&nutrient3=&fg=&max=25&subset=0&offset=0&sort=c&totCount=563&measureby=g |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526022117/http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/nutrients/report?nutrient1=313&nutrient2=&nutrient3=&fg=&max=25&subset=0&offset=0&sort=c&totCount=563&measureby=g |archive-date=26 May 2014 |title=Nutrient Lists|publisher=Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture|access-date=25 May 2014}}</ref> The maximum safe daily consumption of fluoride is 10 mg/day for an adult (U.S.) or 7 mg/day (European Union).<ref name="DRItext" /><ref name="EFSAtext" />

The upper limit of fluoride intake from all sources (fluoridated water, food, beverages, fluoride dental products and dietary fluoride supplements) is set at 0.10 mg/kg/day for infants, toddlers, and children through to 8 years old. For older children and adults, who are no longer at risk for dental fluorosis, the upper limit of fluoride is set at 10 mg/day regardless of weight.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1999.tb03272.x | volume=59 | title=Total Fluoride Intake and Implications for Dietary Fluoride Supplementation | year=1999 | journal=Journal of Public Health Dentistry | pages=211–223 | last1 = Levy | first1 = Steven M. | last2 = Guha-Chowdhury | first2 = Nupur| issue=4 | pmid=10682326 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Examples of fluoride content
|-
! Food/Drink !! Fluoride (mg per 1000g/ppm) !! Portion !! Fluoride (mg per portion)
|-
| Black tea (brewed) || style="text-align: right;"|3.73 || Cup of {{cvt|8|usfloz|mL}} || style="text-align: right;"|0.884
|-
| Raisins, seedless || style="text-align: right;"|2.34 || Small box, {{convert|43|g|oz|abbr=on}} || style="text-align: right;"|0.101
|-
| Table wine || style="text-align: right;"|1.53 || Bottle, {{convert|750|mL|impoz|abbr=on}} || style="text-align: right;"|1.150
|-
| Municipal tap-water, (Fluoridated) || style="text-align: right;"|0.81 || Recommended daily intake, {{convert|3|L|USgal}} || style="text-align: right;"|2.433
|-
| Baked potatoes, Russet || style="text-align: right;"|0.45 || Medium potato, {{convert|140|g|lb|abbr=on}} || style="text-align: right;"|0.078
|-
| Lamb || style="text-align: right;"|0.32 || Chop, {{convert|170|g|oz|abbr=on}} || style="text-align: right;"|0.054
|-
| Carrots || style="text-align: right;"|0.03 || 1 large carrot, {{convert|72|g|oz|abbr=on}} || style="text-align: right;"|0.002
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | Source: Data taken from United States Department of Agriculture, [https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/?component=0 National Nutrient Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301101828/http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/nutrients/index |date=2014-03-01 }}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Food Composition Databases: Food Search: Fluoride |url=https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/nutrients/report/nutrientsfrm?max=25&offset=0&totCount=0&nutrient1=313&nutrient2=&subset=0&sort=c&measureby=g |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205193315/https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/nutrients/report/nutrientsfrm?max=25&offset=0&totCount=0&nutrient1=313&nutrient2=&subset=0&sort=c&measureby=g |archive-date=5 December 2018 |publisher=[[Agricultural Research Service]], [[United States Department of Agriculture]] |access-date=5 December 2018}}</ref>
|}

== Safety ==
{{main|Fluoride toxicity}}

=== Ingestion ===
According to the [[United States Department of Agriculture]], the Dietary Reference Intakes, which is the "highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects" specify 10 mg/day for most people, corresponding to 10 L of fluoridated water with no risk. For young children the values are smaller, ranging from 0.7 mg/d to 2.2 mg/d for infants.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dietary Reference Intakes: EAR, RDA, AI, Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges, and UL |url=http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/dietary-guidance/dietary-reference-intakes/dri-tables-and-application-reports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213140728/http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/dietary-guidance/dietary-reference-intakes/dri-tables-and-application-reports|archive-date=13 February 2015|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture|access-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> Water and food sources of fluoride include community water fluoridation, seafood, tea, and gelatin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fluoride in diet|url=https://www.medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002420.htm|publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine|access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref>

Soluble fluoride salts, of which [[sodium fluoride]] is the most common, are toxic, and have resulted in both accidental and self-inflicted deaths from [[Acute toxicity|acute poisoning]].<ref name=Aigueperse/> The lethal dose for most adult humans is estimated at 5 to 10 g (which is equivalent to 32 to 64 mg elemental fluoride per kg body weight).<ref>{{cite book | last = Gosselin | first = RE |author2=Smith RP |author3=Hodge HC | title = Clinical toxicology of commercial products | publisher = Williams & Wilkins| location = Baltimore (MD) | year = 1984 | pages =III–185–93| isbn =978-0-683-03632-9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Baselt |first=RC |url=https://archive.org/details/dispositionoftox0000base_v7n5/page/636/mode/2up |title=Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man |publisher=Biomedical Publications |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-9626523-7-0 |location=Foster City (CA) |pages=636–40 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = IPCS | title = Environmental health criteria 227 (Fluoride) | publisher = International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization| location = Geneva | year = 2002 | page =100| isbn =978-92-4-157227-9}}</ref> A case of a fatal poisoning of an adult with 4 grams of sodium fluoride is documented,<ref name=acute/> and a dose of 120 g sodium fluoride has been survived.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Abukurah AR, ((Moser AM Jr)), Baird CL, ((Randall RE Jr)), Setter JG, Blanke RV | title=Acute sodium fluoride poisoning | journal=JAMA | year=1972 | pages=816–7 | volume=222 | issue=7 | pmid=4677934 | doi=10.1001/jama.1972.03210070046014}}</ref> For [[sodium fluorosilicate]] (Na2SiF6), the [[median lethal dose]] (LD50) orally in rats is 125 mg/kg, corresponding to 12.5 g for a 100 kg adult.<ref name="merck">The Merck Index, 12th edition, Merck & Co., Inc., 1996</ref>

Treatment may involve oral administration of dilute [[calcium hydroxide]] or [[calcium chloride]] to prevent further absorption, and injection of [[calcium gluconate]] to increase the calcium levels in the blood.<ref name=acute>{{cite journal|pmid=20323400|pmc=1581810|year=1945|last1=Rabinowitch|first1=IM|title=Acute Fluoride Poisoning|volume=52|issue=4|pages=345–9|journal=Canadian Medical Association Journal}}</ref> [[Hydrogen fluoride]] is more dangerous than salts such as NaF because it is corrosive and volatile, and can result in fatal exposure through inhalation or upon contact with the skin; calcium gluconate gel is the usual antidote.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Muriale L, Lee E, Genovese J, Trend S | year = 1996 | title = Fatality due to acute fluoride poisoning following dermal contact with hydrofluoric acid in a palynology laboratory | journal = Ann. Occup. Hyg. | volume = 40 | issue = 6| pages = 705–710 | pmid = 8958774 | doi = 10.1016/S0003-4878(96)00010-5 }}</ref>

In the higher doses used to treat [[osteoporosis]], sodium fluoride can cause pain in the legs and incomplete stress fractures when the doses are too high; it also irritates the stomach, sometimes so severely as to cause ulcers. Slow-release and [[enteric]]-coated versions of sodium fluoride do not have gastric side effects in any significant way, and have milder and less frequent complications in the bones.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Murray TM, Ste-Marie LG |title=Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 7. Fluoride therapy for osteoporosis |journal=CMAJ |volume=155 |issue=7 |pages=949–54 |year=1996 |pmid=8837545 |pmc=1335460}}</ref> In the lower doses used for [[water fluoridation]], the only clear adverse effect is [[dental fluorosis]], which can alter the appearance of children's teeth during [[Human tooth development|tooth development]]; this is mostly mild and is unlikely to represent any real effect on aesthetic appearance or on public health.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/file/publications/synopses/Eh41_Flouridation_PART_A.pdf |year=2007 |title=A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of fluoridation |author=National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) |isbn=978-1-86496-415-8 |access-date=2010-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014191758/http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/file/publications/synopses/Eh41_Flouridation_PART_A.pdf |archive-date=2009-10-14 }} Summary: {{cite journal |author= Yeung CA |title= A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of fluoridation |journal= Evid.-Based Dent. |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=39–43 |year=2008 |pmid=18584000 |doi=10.1038/sj.ebd.6400578 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Fluoride was known to enhance bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, but it was not effective for vertebral fractures and provoked more nonvertebral fractures.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Haguenauer|first=D|author2=Welch, V |author3=Shea, B |author4=Tugwell, P |author5=Adachi, JD |author6= Wells, G |title=Fluoride for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporotic fractures: a meta-analysis.|journal=Osteoporosis International |date=2000|volume=11|issue=9|pages=727–38|pmid=11148800 |doi=10.1007/s001980070051|s2cid=538666}}</ref> In areas that have naturally occurring high levels of fluoride in [[groundwater]] which is used for [[drinking water]], both [[dental fluorosis|dental]] and [[skeletal fluorosis]] can be prevalent and severe.<ref>{{cite web |author=World Health Organization |year=2004 |title=Fluoride in drinking-water |url=https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/en/fluoride.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082148/http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/en/fluoride.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2014-02-13}}</ref>

==== Hazard maps for fluoride in groundwater ====

Around one-third of the human population drinks water from groundwater resources. Of this, about 10%, approximately 300 million people, obtain water from groundwater resources that are heavily contaminated with arsenic or fluoride.<ref>Eawag (2015) Geogenic Contamination Handbook – Addressing Arsenic and Fluoride in Drinking Water. C.A. Johnson, A. Bretzler (Eds.), Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Duebendorf, Switzerland. (download: www.eawag.ch/en/research/humanwelfare/drinkingwater/wrq/geogenic-contamination-handbook/)</ref> These trace elements derive mainly from minerals.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rodríguez-Lado | first1 = L. | last2 = Sun | first2 = G. | last3 = Berg | first3 = M. | last4 = Zhang | first4 = Q. | last5 = Xue | first5 = H. | last6 = Zheng | first6 = Q. | last7 = Johnson | first7 = C.A. | year = 2013 | title = Groundwater arsenic contamination throughout China | url = https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag%3A7346| journal = Science | volume = 341 | issue = 6148| pages = 866–868 | doi = 10.1126/science.1237484 | pmid = 23970694 | bibcode = 2013Sci...341..866R | s2cid = 206548777 }}</ref> Maps locating potential problematic wells are available.<ref>[http://www.gapmaps.org Groundwater Assessment Platform]</ref>

==== Neurodevelopmental effects ====
Under the U.S. [[National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences]] (NIEHS), recent [[Systematic review|systematic reviews]] have evaluated the [[toxicology]] of fluoride exposure on the developing brain. In 2024, a [[monograph]] by the [[National Toxicology Program]] concluded with moderate confidence that higher levels of fluoride exposure (e.g., drinking water exceeding the [[World Health Organization]]'s guideline of 1.5 milligrams per litre) are associated with lower [[Intelligence quotient|IQ]] in children.<ref name="NTP2024">{{cite report |author=National Toxicology Program |title=State of the Science Concerning Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopment and Cognition: A Systematic Review |publisher=National Institutes of Health |date=2024 |url=https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2024-08/fluoride_final_508.pdf}}</ref> The companion review, a [[Dose–response relationship|dose-response]] [[meta-analysis]], was published in ''[[JAMA Pediatrics]]'' in 2025.<ref name="Taylor2025">{{cite journal |vauthors=Taylor KW, et al. |title=Fluoride Exposure and Children's IQ Scores: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=JAMA Pediatrics |date=2025 |doi=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5542 |pmid=39761023|pmc=11877182 }}</ref> Seventy-four studies were evaluated; among the eleven involving urinary fluoride measurements rated for low risk of bias, data indicated a decrease of 1.14 IQ points for each milligram per litre increase of fluoride concentration in urine. There was uncertainty in the [[dose-response relationship]] between fluoride exposure and childhood IQ when fluoride exposure was estimated by drinking water alone at levels lower than 1.5 milligrams per litre.<ref name=Taylor2025/>

The NIEHS papers were noted for highlighting the need for additional high-quality research on the subject matter, especially on the topic of municipal [[water fluoridation]].<ref name=Taylor2025/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lanphear |first=Bruce P. |last2=Besten |first2=Pamela Den |last3=Till |first3=Christine |date=2025-03-01 |title=Time to Reassess Systemic Fluoride Exposure, Again |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2828429 |journal=JAMA Pediatrics |language=en |volume=179 |issue=3 |doi=10.1001/jamapediatric |issn=2168-6203 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260309200614/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2828429 |archive-date=2026-03-09}}</ref> The reports were also met with criticism regarding their methodology and troubled [[peer review]] process.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Levy |first=Steven M. |date=2025-03-01 |title=Caution Needed in Interpreting the Evidence Base on Fluoride and IQ |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2828430 |journal=JAMA Pediatrics |language=en |volume=179 |issue=3 |doi=10.1001/jamapediatric |issn=2168-6203 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220232702/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2828430 |archive-date=2026-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Steier |first=Jess |date=2024-09-05 |title=The truth behind that viral study on fluoride and IQ |url=https://www.statnews.com/2024/09/05/fluoride-water-child-iq-study-national-toxicology-program/ |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=STAT |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Naseem S. |date=2025-01-29 |title=How to read this study: A meta-analysis on the impact of fluoride on IQ scores |url=https://journalistsresource.org/home/how-to-read-this-study-a-meta-analysis-fluoride-childrens-iq/ |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=The Journalist's Resource |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National Toxicology Program releases fluoride exposure monograph |url=https://adanews.ada.org/ada-news/2024/august/national-toxicology-program-releases-fluoride-exposure-monograph/ |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=adanews.ada.org |language=en}}</ref>

Assessments in Europe, Australia, and Canada concluded that fluoridation of drinking water at levels below 1.5 milligrams per litre had no certain effects on cognitive neurodevelopment in children.<ref name="efsa">{{cite web |title=Fluoride safety: updated intake levels for all ages |url=https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/news/fluoride-safety-updated-intake-levels-all-ages |publisher=European Food Safety Authority |access-date=15 March 2026 |date=22 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="do">{{cite journal |vauthors=Do LG, Sawyer A, John Spencer A, Leary S, Kuring JK, Jones AL, Le T, Reece CE, Ha DH|display-authors=3 |title=Early Childhood Exposures to Fluorides and Cognitive Neurodevelopment: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study |journal=Journal of Dental Research |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=243–250 |date=March 2025 |pmid=39692252 |pmc=11843800 |doi=10.1177/00220345241299352}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Expert panel meeting on the health effects of fluoride in drinking water: Summary report |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/water-quality/expert-panel-meeting-effects-fluoride-drinking-summary.html |publisher=Health Canada, Government of Canada |access-date=15 March 2026 |date=9 June 2023}}</ref>

=== Topical ===
Concentrated fluoride solutions are corrosive.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Nakagawa M, Matsuya S, Shiraishi T, Ohta M |title=Effect of fluoride concentration and pH on corrosion behavior of titanium for dental use |journal=Journal of Dental Research |volume=78 |issue=9 |pages=1568–72 |year=1999 |pmid=10512392 |doi=10.1177/00220345990780091201|s2cid=32650790 }}</ref> Gloves made of [[nitrile rubber]] are worn when handling fluoride compounds. The hazards of solutions of fluoride salts depend on the concentration. In the presence of [[strong acid]]s, fluoride salts release [[hydrogen fluoride]], which is corrosive, especially toward glass.<ref name=Aigueperse/>

== Other derivatives ==
Organic and inorganic anions are produced from fluoride, including:
*[[Bifluoride]], used as an etchant for glass<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eng.chimko.com/item29/|title=Ammonium bifluoride in the glass industry - Chimex Ltd}}</ref>
*[[Tetrafluoroberyllate]]
*[[Hexafluoroplatinate]]
*[[Tetrafluoroborate]] used in organometallic synthesis
*[[Hexafluorophosphate]] used as an electrolyte in commercial secondary batteries.
*[[Trifluoromethanesulfonate]]

== See also ==
{{Portal|Medicine}}
* [[Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances]]
* [[Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy]]
* [[Fluoride deficiency]]
* [[Fluoride selective electrode]]
* [[Fluoride therapy]]
* [[Sodium monofluorophosphate]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|35em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Fluorides}}
* [https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33280.pdf "Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Review of Fluoridation and Regulation Issues"], [[Congressional Research Service]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150203111150/http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/MWF/index.asp U.S. government site for checking status of local water fluoridation]

{{Fluorides}}
{{Monatomic anion compounds}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Fluorides| ]]
[[Category:Anions]]
[[Category:Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements]]
[[Category:Nephrotoxins]]

Harayana Saraswati Heritage Development Board

2026-03-21T19:12:45Z

Kanchin789: added some data basic info

{{Short description|Indian government body}}
{{Orphan|date=August 2024}}

{{Infobox government agency
| name = The Haryana Sarasvati Heritage Development Board (HSHDB)
| logo = The Haryana Sarasvati Heritage Development Board (HSHDB0 Logo.png
| formed = 12 October 2015
| jurisdiction = Government of Haryana
| budget = 14 Crores
| chief1_name = [[Nayab Singh Saini]]
| chief1_position = Chairman
| chief2_name = [[Dhuman Singh Kirmach]]
| chief2_position = Deputy Chairman
| website = https://haryanasarasvatiboard.in/
}}

The '''Haryana Sarasvati Heritage Development Board''' (HSHDB) is an Indian [[government body]] constituted by the [[Haryana Government]] on 12 October 2015 under the chairmanship of [[Manohar Lal Khattar]], then [[Chief Minister]] of Haryana.

The objective of this board includes the [[Rejuvenation]] of the [[Sarasvati River]] and the development of the Sarasvati-linked Heritage including the construction of [[Dam|DAM]], Reservoir, and Barrage for continuation of flow of water in the [[paleochannel]] of Sarasvati, Renovation of temples, Provision of civic amenities to the visiting [[pilgrims]] and tourists.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Haryana Sarasvati Heritage Development Board |url=https://haryanasarasvatiboard.in/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-10-18 |title='Will bring Sarasvati river on surface', says Dhuman Singh after becoming vice-chairman of Haryana Sarasvati Heritage Development Board |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/will-bring-sarasvati-river-on-surface-says-dhuman-after-becoming-vice-chairman-of-haryana-sarasvati-heritage-development-board/articleshow/78732807.cms |access-date=2023-03-06 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Projects==

In 2021 a budget of 14 crores was allocated by the Haryana Government to this board for the first phase beautification project.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-14 |title=Under phase-I Budget of Rs 14 crore to be spent on beautification project of Saraswati channel |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/under-phase-i-budget-of-rs-14-crore-to-be-spent-on-beautification-project-of-saraswati-channel/articleshow/87700543.cms |access-date=2023-03-06 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> This board will also participate in construction of [[Dam|DAM]] at [[Adi Badri, Haryana|Adi Badri]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-06 |title='Haryana, Himachal Pradesh CMs to sign MoU to construct dam at Adi Badri to rejuvenate Saraswati river' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/haryana-himachal-pradesh-cms-to-sign-mou-for-developing-dam-at-adi-badri-to-rejuvenate-saraswati-river/articleshow/88738440.cms |access-date=2023-03-06 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The board has also planned on creating 5 riverfronts at Pipli and Pehowa in Kurukshetra district, Bilaspur in Yamunanagar district, and on the Panchkula-Yamunanagar highway near Dosarka village, and the Kaithal-Guhla road.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2021 |title=Haryana's Saraswati heritage board to develop 5 riverfronts |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/haryanas-saraswati-heritage-board-to-develop-5-riverfronts-285084 |access-date=6 March 2023 |website=The Tribune |archive-date=31 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731085546/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/haryanas-saraswati-heritage-board-to-develop-5-riverfronts-285084 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Government of Haryana]]

Bina, Madhya Pradesh

2026-03-21T16:52:05Z

Kanchin789: New

{{More citations needed|date=April 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}{{Use Indian English|date= January 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bina
| other_name = Bina-Etawa, Etawa
| nickname =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|photo1a = Bina Junction Railway Station.png
|photo2a = Bina JP thermal Power plant.png
| spacing = 10
| position =
| color_border = Black
| color = white
| size = 300
| foot_montage =}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = top: Bina Junction Railway Station, bottom: JP Bina Thermal Plant
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24|10|48|N|78|12|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Madhya Pradesh|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bhopal division]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bina -etawa District]]
| established_title = 
| governing_body = Bina Nagar Palika Parishad
| area_rank = 51
| area_total_km2 = 64
| population_total = 402,678<ref
name="CENSUS2021">{{cite web|url=http://www.census2021.co.in/data/town/802153-bina-etawa-madhya-pradesh.html|title=Bina-Etawa Population|work=Census2021|publisher=census2021.co.in|access-date=13 April 2017|archive-date=2 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702062604/http://www.census2021.co.in/data/town/802153-bina-etawa-madhya-pradesh.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2024
| population_density_km2 = 5,377
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = {{Unbulleted list|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]|[[Marwari language|Marwari]]|[[Malwi language|Malwi]]|[[Bundelkhandi language|Bundelkhandi]]|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]|[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]}}
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 470113,470118, 470124, 464240
| registration_plate = MP-15, MP-08, MP-40
| website =
| footnotes =
| population_demonym =
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| elevation_m = 412
}}
'''Bina''', formerly known as '''Bina-Etawa''' or '''Etawa''', is a city in the Bina-etawa district of the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] . The city's name is derived from the [[Bina River (India)|Bina River]], which flows near the city.

Bina is one of the fastest growing cities in Madhya Pradesh. It is a center of economic and industrial activity in the state. The city is home to the [[Bina Refinery]], as well as the [[Jaypee Group]]'s 500 [[Megawatt|MW]] Jaypee Bina [[Thermal plant]] .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| title=Bharat Oman Refineries Limited|url=https://borl.in/ |website=Bharat Oman Refineries Limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214045711/http://www.borl.in/|archive-date=14 December 2007}}</ref> This region is also known for its high-quality wheat, which is reportedly exported internationally.<ref>{{Cite web |title=“Today’s wheat market price in Bina {{!}} Madhya Pradesh” (translated from the Hindi आज बिना में गेहूं का मंडी भाव {{!}} मध्य प्रदेश |url=https://mandibhavindia.in/commodity/wheat/madhya-pradesh/sagar/bina |url-status=live |access-date=January 13, 2026 |website=Mandibhav India}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}}

== Geography ==
Five rivers flow through the surrounding area. In addition to Bina River, they include:

* Motichur – location of the city's Katra temple
* [[Betwa River|Betwa]] – forms the border of the Bina and [[Ashoknagar district]]s
* Narayani – flows between Bina and [[Lalitpur, India|Lalitpur]]
* Silar

Bina is close to the ancient city of Eran. Eran was the capital of Airikina Pradesha, an administrative division of the [[Gupta Empire]]. Bina sits between [[Bhopal]] and [[Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh]]. It is among the oldest cities in the region and the oldest in the state.

The [[Bina River (India)|Bina]] and [[Betwa River]]s are the major water sources.<ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |title=Profile of Bina Etawa, History of Bina, Facts About Bina |url=https://bina-etawa.mponline.in/city-guide/about-bina-etawa |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=bina-etawa.mponline.in}}</ref>

== History ==

Bina was formerly known as Etawa, the name of an earlier village in the area. In 1923, the Bina Railway Junction was established, deriving it name from the river. The first Member of the Legislative Assembly of the [[Bina Assembly constituency]] was Ram Lal Nayak, elected in 1957. The name Bina-Etawa was unofficially used to remove any ambiguity between [[Itawah]] (located in [[Uttar Pradesh]]) and Etawa. Later, the city was officially renamed as Bina.

[[File:Khimlasa Bina.jpg|thumb|180px|Khimlasa Bina]]

Located near the city, Khimlasa Fort is of historical interest. The fort is said to have been founded by a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] noble and was the ''Mahal'' (palace) in the [[Sarkar (administrative division)|''Sarkar'']] of [[Raisen]] of [[Malwa Subah]]. The town of [[Khimlasa]] is enclosed within a fortified wall built of stone rubble.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sagar.nic.in/places.htm |title=Places of Interest at Sagar District |access-date=2013-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114222831/http://sagar.nic.in/places.htm |archive-date=14 January 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref>

== Industry and economy ==
{{Update section|date=March 2024}}[[File:BinaRefinery.jpg|thumb|Bina Refinery]]
[[Bharat Oman Refinery Limited]] owns a major oil refinery near Bina, "the only petroleum refinery in Central India" with a capacity of 7.8 [billion [[tonnes]] per year.<ref name=":0" /> Bina Refinery is designed to process Arab [[crude oil]] (65% Arab [[Light crude oil|light]] and 35% Arab [[Heavy crude oil|heavy]]). It can process other crude oil. The project includes a [[Coke (fuel)|coke]]-based [[cogeneration power plant]] of 99 MW (33 x 3).<ref name=":0" />

[[Bina Thermal Power Plant]] (a.k.a JayPee Bina Thermal Power Plant) has two thermal units of 250 MW capacity one each of which were launched in 2012 and 2013. A section of the power plant currently operates with a capacity of 500 MW, although this will scale to 1200 MW when the plant reaches capacity. The Bina Thermal Power Plant is presently owned by Jaiprakash Power Ventures (JP Power), which company also plans to establish a 50 MW solar PV plant in the same premises, with an estimated investment of ₹300 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaiprakash Power Ventures to Launch ₹300 Crore 50 MW Solar Plant in Madhya Pradesh – EQ |url=https://www.eqmagpro.com/jaiprakash-power-ventures-to-launch-%e2%82%b9300-crore-50-mw-solar-plant-in-madhya-pradesh-eq/ |access-date=January 13, 2026 |website=Eqmagpro}}</ref> Also, the [[Power Grid Corporation of India]] (PGCIL) owns a 1200-KV test station in Bina that went operational in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PowerGrid operationalises 1,200-kV test station at Bina |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/powergrid-operationalises-1200-kv-test-station-at-bina-146728 |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=millenniumpost |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The Madhya Pradesh regional government planned to build an investment corridor between Bina and Bhopal, naming it the Bina-Bhopal Investment Corridor. The project was expected to catalyze investment of around [[United States dollar|$]]1{{Nbsp}}billion to upgrade local industry, aiding the production of electrical equipment, fabricated metal, machinery, and equipment. Along with it, integrated township projects were proposed near the city.<ref>http://www.investmp.com/a-corridors.html{{dead link|date=November 2016|bot=Internet Archive Bot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> In a move toward achieving "Carbon Neutral" status by 2030, Bina's first solar power plant, was launched in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INDIAN RAILWAYS – BINA SOLAR PLANT |url=https://uic.org/IMG/pdf/zero_carbon_technology_indian_railways.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=January 13, 2026 |website=UIC org}}</ref> It primarily powers trains and lighting at Bina Junction station. Presently generating 1.7 MW, it can be expanded to 20 GW capacity. A [[MEMU]] (mainline electric multiple unit) car shed for operating local and high-speed MEMU trains in Madhya Pradesh and neighbouring states was established in 2021 by the [[Bhopal railway division]].

The region has agricultural produce processing units and agricultural machinery manufacturing plants and wheat cultivation. The agricultural land consists primarily of [[vertisol|black soil]].

Seven railway [[overbridge]]s (ROBs) were to be constructed; four ROBs have been completed.{{when|date=February 2024}} Work is ongoing on the remaining three ROBs, as well as a 36 km long [[ring road]]. During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], a 1000-bed hospital was established in Bina near the refinery. Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] laid the foundation stone for the redevelopment of Bina Refinery with an investment of 50,000 crore [[Indian rupee|rupees]].

== Climate ==

The winter season lasts from November to February, and the summer season lasts from March to mid-June. The minimum recorded temperature is 1 °C in January. The maximum temperature is 48 °C. Average precipitation is around 1235 mm annually. In the monsoon season, the wind direction is from the southwest; in winter, the wind direction is from the northeast.<ref name="Profile" />

== Education ==
Bina has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average. It has two centers for higher education: a government college for post-graduate and graduate courses and a government girls' college providing graduate courses. A government law college was inaugurated near the city. Many private colleges for [[Bachelor of Education]] degrees and [[Industrial training institute|ITIs]] are operated in the city for students. A government ITI and a private nursing college in the city, and one private [[MBA]] college (GNIMR{{Snd}}Gomti Nandan Institute of Management and Research) offers courses in the city. Kendriya Vidyalaya and Nirmal Jyoti Senior Secondary School are two high schools in the region. Bina Public Higher Secondary School operates there. Three state government schools are there. Apart from that, one government model higher secondary school. Many private [[English-medium school]]s are there and a [[D.A.V. College Managing Committee|DAV]] higher secondary school is located at the refinery. The [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]-affiliated Sardar Patel Higher Secondary School and a private ITI are located in the Jaypee Bina thermal plant premises and run by Jaypee Group.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=About – Sardar Patel School- Jaypee Schools |url=https://spvgbnagar.edu.in/homepage/about/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 13, 2026 |website=spvgbnagar.edu.in}}</ref>

== Religious sites ==

[[File:NisaiJiBina.jpg|thumb|180px|Nisai Ji]]
The main religious site is the Shri Katara Swami, a temple of [[Hanuman]].

The city is home to several temples and other historical sites. [[Hindu temple]]s, include Jatashankar temple, Gayatri temple, Moti Maharaj temple, Shani Dev temple, Hare Ram temple, Maruti Hanuman temple, and Panchmukhi temple (Nai basti) and Galaus Sankatmochan temple are located in the outskirts of the city.

[[Jain temple]]s in the city include the Nabhinandan Digambar Jain temple (as much as 1000 years old), Mandir Shantinath Digambar Jain temple, Taaran Taran Digambar Jain temple, and Kund-kund Digambar Jain temple. Nisai Ji, a [[Digambar Jain]] temple, is located near the [[Betwa river]]. The samadhi state of [[Taran Svami]], founder of the [[Taran Panth]] sect of [[Jainism]], is located there.{{Clarify|reason=What is meant by the location of the samadhi state? Is this where Svami attained samadhi?|date=February 2024}}

Anekant Gyan Mandir, a Jain center, preserves some of the oldest manuscripts related to Jainism.<ref>{{cite web |title=Online Hand-Written Digamber Jain Books (Manuscripts) |url=http://www.idjo.org/old_idjo/ManuscriptsAGM.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131104205848/http://www.idjo.org/old_idjo/ManuscriptsAGM.asp |archive-date=4 November 2013 |access-date=26 January 2022 |website=www.idjo.org}}</ref> Shrutdham Jain temple is a Jain attraction.

== Popular culture ==
Some scenes of [[Raj Kapoor]]'s Bollywood movie ''[[Teesri Kasam]]'' (1966) were filmed in and nearby the city, and the song "Sajan re jhooth mat bolo" sung by [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]] was filmed near Khimlasa, 25 km from Bina.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-shooting-of-film-teesri-kasam-in-bihar-news-hindi-5425226-PHO.html |title=यहां हुई थी फिल्म 'तीसरी कसम' की शूटिंग, रिलीज को हुए 50 साल पूरे- m.bhaskar.com |access-date=28 November 2021 |archive-date=10 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210025155/http://m.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-shooting-of-film-teesri-kasam-in-bihar-news-hindi-5425226-PHO.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-29 |title=When Waheeda sat on Raj |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/when-waheeda-sat-on-raj/cid/1669478 |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Bina Junction railway station]]
* [[Sagar District]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sagar Division}}

[[Category:Sagar, Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Sagar district]]
[[Category:Tehsils of Sagar district]]

Champaran

2026-03-16T12:06:09Z

Kanchin789:

{{For|the village in [[Chhattisgarh]]|Champaran, Chhattisgarh}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Champaran
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Region
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India#India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.8437|N|84.6826|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 845401
| registration_plate =
| unemployment_rate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Champaran''' is a sub region of broader [[Bhojpuri region]] in the state of [[Bihar]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} An Official Website of East Champaran, Motihari {{!}} India|url=https://eastchamparan.nic.in/history/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> It is now divided into two districts: [[East Champaran district|East Champaran]] and [[West Champaran district|West Champaran]].

== History ==
{{Main|Champaran Satyagraha}}
Champaran is identified with the ''Champāraṇya'' mentioned in the [[Bhedaghat|Bheraghat]] inscription as a place claimed to be "devastated" by the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri]] king [[Yashahkarna|Yashaḥkarṇa]] (11th/12th century).<ref name="Sircar 1952">{{cite journal |last1=Sircar |first1=D. C. |author1-link=Dineshchandra Sircar |title=Bangaon Plate of Vigrahapala III; Regnal Year 17 |journal=[[Epigraphia Indica]] |date=1952 |volume=29 |pages=48–57 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.06113/page/n95 |access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref> And people of every community have been worshipping Mehsi Mazar since (Mirja Halim Shah Dargah) 1200 AD, which had shown the people here the right way to live life.
In 1917, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] led a ''[[satyagraha]]'' movement in the [[Champaran District|Champaran district]] against the policies enforced by European landowners and the colonial government. These policies coerced local farmers into cultivating indigo at unfairly low prices. In response to Gandhi's leadership, the British authorities initially arrested him but later released him, subsequently amending the laws to alleviate the plight of the peasants. This marked Gandhi's first campaign in India and a significant triumph for the principles of civil disobedience.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Bipin |title=History of Modern India |location=India}}</ref>

== People ==

* [[Batak Mian]] - A cook who saved the life of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
* [[Manoj Bajpai]] –
* [[Dinesh Bhramar]] – poet and noted figure in Hindi and Bhojpuri literature
* [[Anuranjan Jha]] – Indian journalist
* [[Abdur Rahman (IPS)]], Former Indian police officer.
* [[Prakash Jha]] – Indian filmmaker
* [[Ramesh Chandra Jha]] – Indian poet, novelist and freedom fighter
* [[Abdullah Khan (author)|Abdullah Khan]] – novelist and screenwriter
* [[Ravish Kumar]] – Indian journalist
* [[Gopal Singh Nepali]] – Indian poet of Hindi literature, Bollywood lyricist
* [[George Orwell]] – English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic
* [[Kedar Pandey]] – Congress leader and ex-Chief Minister of Bihar
* [[Afroz Alam Sahil]] – Indian journalist
* [[Raj Kumar Shukla]] – indigo cultivator, activist
* [[Radha Mohan Singh]] – Indian politician
* [[Sanjeev K Jha]] – Indian script writer, filmmaker

== The Literary History of Champaran ==
Freedom Fighter and author [[Ramesh Chandra Jha]] was the first person who penned down the rich literary history of Champaran. His research based books including ''Champaran Ki Sahitya Sadhana'' (चम्पारन की साहित्य साधना) (1958), ''Champaran:Literature & Literary Writers'' (चम्पारन: साहित्य और साहित्यकार) (1967) and ''Apne Aur Sapne:A Literary Journey Of Champaran'' (अपने और सपने: चम्पारन की साहित्य यात्रा) (1988) meticulously document the rich literary heritage and history of Champaran, [[Bihar]]. These seminal books continue to serve as foundational reference points for researchers, scholars, Ph.D. students, and journalists alike. Jha's insightful exploration and preservation of Champaran's historical and literary legacy have solidified his place as a cornerstone in the field of literary research.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/ApneAurSapneALitereryJourneyOfChamparanByRameshChandraJha/ Apne Aur Sapne : Online PDF book at Archive.org]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite web |url=http://www.champaran.org/ |title=Champaran Gramodyog Sansthan |access-date=22 September 2012 |archive-date=1 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601043257/http://champaran.org/ |url-status=dead }}
*[[Shankar Dayal Singh|Singh, Shankar Dayal]]. ''Gandhi's first step: Champaran movement'', by B.R. Pub. Corp., 1994. {{ISBN|81-7018-834-2}}.
* Chakrabarti D.K. (1996b). From Purnea to Champaran: The distribution of sites in the north Bihar plains. South Asian Studies, 12:pp. 147–158

[[Category:Historical regions of Asia]]
[[Category:History of Bihar]]
[[Category:Regions of Bihar]]
[[Category:Mithila (region)]]

Robin Vaz

2026-03-15T04:14:49Z

Kanchin789: starting initial details needs work.

{{Short description|Indian playwright and singer (1932–2002)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Robin Vaz
| image = Robin Vaz at an event (cropped).jpg
| caption = Vaz during his youth
| birth_place = [[Cuncolim]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1932|10|20|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Margao, Goa]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2002|11|16|1932|10|20|df=y}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Playwright|actor|singer|dancer}}
| organisation = [[Azad Gomantak Dal]]
| notable_works = {{ubl|
* ''[[Nirmon]]''
* ''[[Bhuierantlo Munis]]''}}
| movement = [[Goa liberation movement|Goa liberation]]
| years_active = 1941–1990s
}}

'''Robin Vaz''' (20 October 1932 – 16 November 2002) was an Indian playwright, actor, singer, and dancer known for his work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]], ''[[tiatr]]'' productions, and [[Goan music|Goan folk music]].

==Career==
Vaz made his debut on stage in [[Pai Tiatrist|João Agostinho Fernandes]]'s ''[[tiatr]]'' (a form of theater in [[Goa]]) titled ''Kunbi Jakki''. At the age of 11, Vaz seized an opportunity to act in a ''tiatr'' organized by his village peers, which showcased his early talent as a [[child artist]]. His performance left an impression on the audience, prompting many to recognize his potential as a ''[[tiatrist]]''. Vaz's burgeoning reputation earned him invitations to act in ''tiatrs'' produced by established ''tiatrists'' such as Jephsis Hitler, Kamat de Assolna, and Saluzinho D'Costa. His involvement with these accomplished [[theatre practitioner]]s further honed his skills and expanded his exposure within the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] theater community. At the age of 15, Vaz took the bold step of writing his own ''tiatr'', titled ''Put Konnancho?'', which he staged in [[Cuncolim]]. This production featured a mix of professional ''tiatrists'' and [[Amateur theatre|amateur actors]] and received a favorable response from audiences. Unfortunately, Vaz's aspirations were temporarily interrupted when he had to leave for [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai) in search of employment opportunities. During his time in Bombay, Vaz pursued avenues to establish himself professionally on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]]. He began showcasing his musical talents by singing songs on [[All India Radio]], where his performances were regularly broadcast by [[List of radio stations in Mumbai|All India Radio, Bombay]]. Meanwhile, Vaz actively participated in the movement for [[Liberation of Goa|Goa's Liberation]], collaborating with [[freedom fighter]]s in their [[Goa liberation movement|efforts to free Goa]] from [[Portuguese India|Portuguese rule]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2011-10-24 |title=Robin Vaz A Towering Tiatr Personality – The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2011/10/24/magazines/buzz/iwatch-robin-vaz-towering-tiatr-personality/ |access-date=2024-03-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> Vaz's pro-[[nationalist]] stance led him to join the [[Azad Gomantak Dal]] (AGD), a [[political organization]], where he worked closely with Mussolini Menezes, the secretary of AGD.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=153–156 |language=en |access-date=2024-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=2024-01-07 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Menezes, who also wrote and staged ''tiatrs'', played a significant role in Vaz's theatrical journey. Vaz had the opportunity to act and sing in several of Menezes's plays, including productions like ''Ravji Ranno'', ''Padrichem Bondd'', and ''Martyrs of Cuncolim''. Through these collaborations, Vaz's talent and versatility were recognized by other directors in the Konkani theater scene, leading to a surge in offers for roles in ''tiatrs'' by popular directors such as [[J. P. Souzalin]], [[Kid Boxer]], [[Anthony De Sa (actor)|Anthony D'Sa]], [[Saib Rocha]], [[A. R. Souza Ferrão]], [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]], [[C. Alvares]], and [[Jacinto Vaz]], J. P. Souzalin, in particular, entrusted Vaz with significant roles in his [[Liturgical drama|religious plays]], where Vaz demonstrated his ability to convincingly portray various [[Roman people|Roman characters]]. This resulted in acclaim from audiences. As Vaz solidified his position on the stage, he began exploring his creative potential as a writer.<ref name=":1" /> He authored a total of 27 ''tiatrs'' throughout his career, with works including ''Ajente Monteiro'', ''Shantichem Login'' (Peaceful Marriage), ''Opinion Poll'', ''Dada'', ''Barabas'', ''Ghatki Salome'', ''Biatin'', ''Sam Juanv Batist'', ''Saddam Hussain'', and ''Put Konnancho''. Among Vaz's repertoire, religious plays such as ''Adanv Ani Eva'', ''Barabas'', ''Dominic Savio'', ''Don Bosco'', ''Fatima Saibinn'', ''Sam Juanv Baptist'', and ''Ghatki Salomen'' stood out. These plays showcased Vaz's ability to engage and connect with audiences through thought-provoking [[narrative]]s. His final ''tiatr'' was ''Miss Isabel''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Fernandes |first=Raphael |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=53–54}}</ref>

One of Vaz's significant accomplishments was his self-penned ''[[tiatr]]'' titled ''Ajente Monteiro'', which he wrote, directed, and staged shortly after [[Liberation of Goa|Goa's liberation]]. In this production, Vaz portrayed the character of [[Casimiro Monteiro|Agente Monteiro]], a Portuguese officer known for his [[oppressive]] tactics, particularly against [[freedom fighter]]s. Vaz's portrayal of this role was acclaimed for its skill and authenticity. Vaz also showcased his talent in a selection of [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]]. His contributions include acting in Konkani movies such as ''[[Nirmon]]'', ''Sukhachem Sopon'', ''Kortubancho Sounsar'', ''Mhoji Ghorkarn'', and ''[[Bhuierantlo Munis]]''.<ref name=":1" /> Vaz's versatility as an actor extended beyond regional cinema, as he had also made appearances in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi films]], including ''Aap ki Izzat Aap Bachao'' and ''Asit Sinha'', earning recognition for his performances on the [[silver screen]]. In addition to his achievements in film, Vaz made significant contributions to the traditional [[Goan]] [[musical theater]] form known as ''tiatr''. He had an extensive [[repertoire]] of over 1000 performances, both in his own productions and collaborations with other ''tiatr'' artists. Vaz's musical talents are evident in his compositions and his performances as a singer. Among his most beloved songs are "Sitaram Gaddiwala," "Kunbi Vauraddi," "Backbay-chem Varem," "Pipirmitt," "Va-Re-Va," and "Darling Lucy." Vaz's influence extended to the realm of [[folk song]]s and [[folk dance|dances]], where he had made contributions. With his [[folklore]] troupe, Vaz has traveled extensively, introducing [[Culture of Goa|Goan folk songs]] to the ''tiatr'' stage.<ref name=":2" /> This endeavor not only expanded the repertoire of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] folk music but also garnered popularity among the local [[Goan]] population. Even today, Vaz's folk songs, including "Vavra Voitai," "Zatrek Vetam," and "Madly of Folk Songs," continue to resonate with audiences.<ref name=":0" />

Furthermore, Vaz demonstrated a skill in creating [[Goan music|Konkani songs]] specifically intended for stage performances. His compositions, including "Pipirmitt" and "Konkani Bhas", remain appreciated and are available through [[Gramophone Company India]].<ref name=":0" /> His passion for folklore led him to host popular programs on folk songs at [[All India Radio]] in [[Bombay]]. To this day, his folk songs remain popular on All India Radio, reaching audiences in [[Goa]] and Mumbai. Vaz's talent as a [[folk singer]] and dancer became known, as he composed songs inspired by various Goan traditions, such as [[Gauda and Kunbi|Kunbi]], [[Kharvi]], [[Farmer|Xetkamti]], [[Deknni]], and [[Fugdi]]. Vaz's contributions to the arts have been recognized with many awards, spanning his ''tiatrs'', songs, and [[folk dance]]s. He had also released several [[audio cassette]]s, including ''Goa with Love'' and ''Unforgettable Hits''.<ref name=":2" /> Throughout his career, Vaz had the opportunity to perform at prestigious events and functions across India. Despite dedicating over four decades to the Konkani stage, Vaz managed a successful career in a firm in Bombay. In the 1990s, he retired from his job to focus on completing unfinished projects. Alongside his professional endeavors, Vaz produced three of his own audio cassettes and featured in ten others. He has toured various cities, including Bombay, Goa, and [[Poona]].<ref name=":1" />

==Personal life==
Robin Vaz was born on 20 October 1932, in [[Cuncolim]], [[Goa]], which was a part of [[Portuguese India]] during the time of the [[Portuguese Empire]]. His parents were Pedro Vaz and Valentina. Growing up in Cuncolim, Vaz was exposed to the vibrant songs and festivities of the [[Kunbi]] laborers who lived near his home. It was his mother, Valentina, who nurtured his passion for ''[[tiatr]]'' by taking him to local performances, including one by [[Pai Tiatrist|João Agostinho Fernandes]], featuring [[A. R. Souza Ferrão]], which left a lasting impression on young Vaz.<ref name=":2" /> Inspired by what he witnessed, Vaz began organizing his own mini concerts and children's ''tiatrs'' at home, using makeshift curtains made from bedsheets. His friends from the village joined him, assuming the roles of popular ''[[tiatrist]]s'' of the time, such as [[J. P. Souzalin]], A. R. Souza Ferrão, [[Anthony De Sa (actor)|Anthony D'Sa]], and Miss Julie. This early involvement in ''tiatr'' fueled Vaz's love for the art form, which continued to grow as he matured. Vaz went on to establish himself as a known figure in the world of Konkani ''tiatr'', making contributions to its development. By 1995, he had settled with his family in Kalina, [[Santacruz, Mumbai|Santacruz]], [[Bombay]].<ref name=":1" /> On 16 November 2002, Vaz died in [[Margao]], at the age of 70.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2002 |title=Directorate of planning, statistics and evaluation and office of the chief registrar of births and deaths |url=https://rbd.goa.gov.in/Certificate/DeathCertificate.aspx#aSearch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123154022/https://rbd.goa.gov.in/ErrorPage/500.htm?aspxerrorpath=/Certificate/DeathCertificate.aspx#aSearch |archive-date=23 January 2024 |access-date=29 December 2023 |website=Goa Online}}</ref>

==Character assessment==
[[Wilson Mazarello]], a historian and singer specializing in [[Konkani language|Konkani]] culture, describes Vaz as an individual deeply connected to the world of music. Mazarello highlights how even the faintest sound of music would set Vaz's substantial frame in motion, as if his being resonated with the rhythms. This affinity with music was a defining characteristic of Vaz throughout his life, from his early years to his later stages. While the precise measurement of his height remains unknown, Vaz is widely acknowledged as the tallest and most imposing figure in the history of ''[[tiatr]]'', a form of [[Goan]] [[musical theater]]. Moreover, Vaz possessed a unique charisma that captivated audiences, and his presence on stage, combined with his rhythmic dancing, infused the atmosphere with vibrant energy. Due to his physical stature, Vaz acquired the moniker "giant of the Konkani stage." Additionally, his comedic talents and humorous songs led some to compare him to the iconic [[comedy duo]], "[[Laurel and Hardy]]." Wilson Mazarello characterizes Vaz as a highly amiable individual, a figure who left a lasting impression on those who knew him.<ref name=":1" />

==Selected stage works==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|1941
|''Kunbi Jakki''
|Unnamed role
|
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fernandes |first=André Rafael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ |title=When the Curtains Rise--: Understanding Goa's Vibrant Konkani Theatre |date=2010 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |isbn=978-93-80739-01-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
|-
|{{circa|1943}}
|Untitled ''tiatr''
|Child artist
|
|rowspan="5"|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|{{circa|1947}}
|''Put Konnancho?''
|Writer
|
|-
|
|''Ravji Ranno''
|Actor/singer
|
|-
|
|''Padrichem Bondd''
|Actor/singer
|
|-
|
|''Martyrs of Cuncolim''
|Actor/singer
|
|-
|1960s
|''Ajente Monteiro''
|Writer
|
|rowspan="3"|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|
|''Shantichem Login''
|Writer
|
|-
|1960s
|''Opinion Poll''
|Writer
|
|}

==Select discography==
===Singles===
* ''Kunbi Vauraddi'' (1965)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frank Fernand – Nirmon |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/11770843-Frank-Fernand-Nirmon |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=[[Discogs]] |date=1965 }}</ref>
* ''Sitaram Gaddiwalla'' (1966)
* ''Darling Lucy'' (1977)<ref>{{Cite web |title=M. Alphonso – Teach Me Konkani |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/3672098-M-Alphonso-Teach-Me-Konkani |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=[[Discogs]] |date=1977 }}</ref>
* ''Pipirmitt'' (1981)
* ''Vare-Va'' (1981)
* ''Backbaychem Varem'' (1981)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robin Vaz – Konkani Unforgettable Hits |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/14099483-Robin-Vaz-Konkani-Unforgettable-Hits- |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=[[Discogs]] |date=1981 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=4479806}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaz, Robin}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Musicians from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Writers from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]

Education in Pathanamthitta district

2026-03-13T10:18:41Z

Kanchin789: Stub.

{{more citations needed|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
Most of the schools and colleges in [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]] district are in [[Pandalam]], [[Konni, Kerala|Konni, Kozhncheri]], [[Thiruvalla]], [[Ranni, Kerala|Ranni]], Adoor and [[Pathanamthitta]]

[[NSS College, Pandalam]] established in 1950 is the oldest
institution of higher learning in the district.

[[Catholicate College Pathanamthitta|Catholicate College]] Pathanamthitta was established in 1951 by Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. The college contributed much to the social and cultural fabric of Pathanamthitta. The college was an upgradation of Catholicate High School which was founded before that.

== Schools ==
*[[SVGV Higher Secondary School, Kidangannoor]]
*NSS Higher Secondary School, Pandalam
*Government Higher Secondary School, Thottakkoonam, Pandalam
*St. Thomas English Medium High School, Kurampala, Pandalam
*Mar Dionysius Senior Secondary School, Mallappally
*Eminence Public School, Pandalam
*NSS Higher Secondary School, Thattayil, Pandalam
*Amrita Vidyalayam, Pandalam
*Seventh Day Adventist Higher Secondary School, Azhoor, Pathanamthitta, (ICSE, ISC)
*'''[https://nskinternationalschool.org/index.php NSK International School, Thumpamon, Pandalam, (IGCSE - Cambridge Curriculum)]'''
*P.S.V.P.M.H.S.S, Iravon
*M.K.Letha Memorial Public School, Iravon (ICSE Institute)
*Mount Bethany Public School, Kumbazha
*Nss Hss Kunnamthanam, Mallappally
*G.V.H.S.S & H.S.S Kalanjoor
*CMS Higher Secondary School Mallappally
*Sacred Heart High School
*Holy Angels School Adoor
*Government High School Adoor
*Kendriya Vidyalaya Adoor
*St Mary's High School Adoor
*Thapovan School Adoor
*M.G.M Higher Secondary School, Thiruvalla
*Catholicate Higher Secondary School
*Kiddies crown preschool & day care (play school)
*St Mary's Central School, Pathanamthitta
*Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Vechoochira, Pathanamthitta
*Kendriya Vidyalaya, Pathanamthitta
*Holy Angels Model School, Pathanamthitta
* Amritha Vidialayam Kallarakadavu Pathanamthitta
*Holy Angles Model SchoolMundukottakal Po Pathanamthitta Kerala
*SDA School, Pathanamthitta
*[[AMM Higher Secondary School, Edayaranmula]]
*Arya Bharathi High School, Omalloor, Pathanamthitta
*Madonna International Residenal School, Pathanamthitta
*S.N.D.P Higher Secondary School, Chenneerkkara, Pathanamthitta
*Athurasramam central school, kodunthara, Pathanamthitta
*M.T.L.P. School Vengal, Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta
*Syrian Christian Higher Secondary School, Ranny
*M.S. Higher Secondary School, Ranny
*ST. Mary's Higher Secondary School, Ranny
*Citadel Higher Secondary School, Ranny
*St. Mary's Residential Public School, Thiruvalla
* Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Mannadisala, Vechoochira
S.C.S Higher Secondary School Tiruvalla

== Arts & Science colleges ==
*[[Bishop Abraham Memorial College, Thurithicadu]]
*[[Catholicate College Pathanamthitta|Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta]]
*College of Applied Science, Pathanamthitta
*College of Applied Sciences (I.H.R.D.), Adoor
*College of Applied Sciences (I.H.R.D.), Kalanjoor
*Devaswom Board College, Parumala
*Govt Arts & science College, Elanthoor, Pathanamthitta
* Mannam Memorial N S S College, Konni
* Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies (MACFAST), Tiruvalla
* Mar Thoma Academy (near TMM Hospital), Tiruvalla
* [[Mar Thoma College]], Kuttapuzha, Tiruvalla
* '''[http://musaliarartscollege.in/ Musaliar College of Arts and Science, Pathanamthitta]'''
*MMNSS College Konni
* [[N. S. S. College, Pandalam]]
* Pamba DB College, Parumala, Tiruvalla
* Parumala mar Gregorious College Valanjavalttom, Tiruvalla
* Prince Marthandavarma College, Peringara, Tiruvalla
*SAS SNDP Yogam College, Konni
* SN College, Othera
*St. Cyril's College, Adoor<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wilson |first1=Jaison |title=College research team set to revolutionise fresh-food preservation in Kerala |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Apr/08/college-research-team-set-to-revolutionise-fresh-food-preservation-in-kerala |work=[[New Indian Express]] |date=8 April 2025}}</ref>
*[[St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry]]
*St. Thomas College, Thuruthicaud
*St. Thomas College, Ranni
*St Thomas College, Thavalappara, Konni
*Viswa Brahmana College, Vechoochira
*VNS College Of Arts and Science, Konni
*IATS (International Air Travel Studies) Adoor

== Engineering Colleges ==

*Caarmel Engineering College, [[Perunad]]
*[[College of Engineering, Kallooppara]]
*[[College of Engineering, Adoor]]
*K.V.V.S. Institute of Technology, Kaithapparamb, Adoor.
*Mount Zion College of Engineering
*Musaliar College of Engineering and Technology, Kumbazha
*Sree Buddha College of Engineering, Elavumthitta
*Sree Narayana Institute of Technology [SNIT], Adoor, Pathanamthitta

==Computer Application Colleges==

* '''[http://musaliarartscollege.in/ Musaliar College of Arts and Science], [[Pathanamthitta]]'''

== Industrial Training ==

*Govt. Polytechnic (Nodal Polytechnic), Vennikulam
*Govt. Polytechnic, Adoor
*Govt. Polytechnic, Vechoochira
*Govt. Polytechnic, Vennikulam
*N.S.S. Polytechnic (Private), Pandalam
*Mar Philexenos ITI, Mylapra

== Law ==
* Law College, Central University of Kerala, Thiruvalla

== Management ==

*K.V.V.S. Institute of Technology, Adoor
*Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies, Tiruvalla
*Mar Athanasius College of Advanced Studies, Pathanamthitta
* Mulamoottil International Business School (MIBS), Tiruvalla
* '''[http://musaliarartscollege.in/ Musaliar College of Arts and Science], [[Pathanamthitta]]'''
* SS Academy of Management and Science (SSMS), Thiruvalla
*St. John's College Thorrupram, Pathanamthitta

== Medical Colleges ==
*Government Medical College, Konni
*Believers Church Medical College, Kuttappuzha, Thiruvalla
*Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla
*Mount Zion Medical College Enadimangalam, Adoor
* Mannam Ayurveda Co-operative Medical College, Pandalam

==Commerce College==
* '''[http://musaliarartscollege.in/ Musaliar College of Arts and Science, Pathanamthitta]'''

== Nursing ==

*College of Nursing, Pathanamthitta
*Archana College of Nursing, Pandalam
*NSS Nursing College, Pandalam
*M.G.M. Muthoot College of Nursing, Kallarakadavu, Pathanamthitta
*Pushpagiri College of Nursing, Pathanamthitta
* T.M.M. College of Nursing, Tiruvalla

== Pharmacy ==

* Nazareth College of Pharmacy, Othera, Tiruvalla
* Pushpagiri college of pharmacy

== Teacher Education ==
*H.H. Marthoma Mathews II Training College, Pathanamthitta
*Kerala University College of Teacher Education, Pathanamthitta
*Mahatma Gandhi University College of Teacher Education, Pathanamthitta
*Mar Severios Memorial Training College, Thiruvalla
*Marthoma Nursery Teacher Training Institute, Tiruvalla
*Marthoma Training College, Edakulam
*[[NSS Training College, Pandalam]]
*S.V.G.V. Training College, Aranmula
*Sankaramangalam Training College, Thiruvalla
*St. Mary Women's College of Teacher Education, Thiruvalla
*Titus II Teachers College, Thiruvalla

== Universities ==
* MG university off campus, Kaviyoor, Thiruvalla

An engineering college, which is government-controlled and self-financing, managed by Cochin University, is at Kallooppara: the [[College of Engineering, Kallooppara|College of Engineering Kallooppara]].

There are two private-sector medical colleges in Tiruvalla: the [[Pushpagiri Medical College|Pushpagiri]] medical college and the [[Believers Church Medical College Hospital|Believers Church medical college]]. These are the only medical colleges in the district. There is also a dental college, the Pushpagiri Dental College, in Tiruvalla.

==References==
# '''[http://musaliarartscollege.in/ Musaliar College of Arts and Science], [[Pathanamthitta]]'''
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Education in Pathanamthitta district| ]]

National Film Award for Best English Feature Film

2026-03-13T06:44:24Z

Kanchin789:

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox award
| name = National Film Award for Best English Feature Film
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| subheader = National award for contributions to [[Cinema of India|Indian Cinema]]
| awarded_for =
| sponsor = [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]
| firstawarded = 1964
| reward = {{ubl|Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus)|{{INR|2,00,000}}}}
| former name = President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in English (1964)
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| holder = ''The Coffin Maker'' (2013)
}}
The '''National Film Award for Best English Feature Film''' is one of the [[National Film Awards|National Film Awards of India]] presented annually by the [[Directorate of Film Festivals]], the organisation set up by [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus).

The [[National Film Awards]], established in 1954, are the most prominent film awards in India that merit the best of the [[Indian cinema]]. The ceremony also presents awards for films in various [[Languages of India|regional languages]].

Awards for films in seven regional language ([[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]) started from [[2nd National Film Awards]] which were presented on 21 December 1955. Three awards of "President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film", "Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film" and "Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film" were instituted. The later two certificate awards were discontinued from [[15th National Film Awards]] (1967).

Produced and directed by Serbjeet Singh, the 1964 film ''The Avalanche'' was honoured with the first president's silver medal for Best Feature Film in English. After 1964, awards were discontinued for certain period and resumed for feature films produced in 1981 at [[29th National Film Awards]].

== Winners ==

Award includes 'Rajat Kamal' (Silver Lotus) and cash prize. Following are the award winners over the years:

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%"
! colspan="5" | List of award films, showing the year (award ceremony), producer(s) and director(s)
|-
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:5%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"| Film(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"| Producer(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"| Director(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:3%;" class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Refs.|Reference}}
|-
| align="center" | [[12th National Film Awards|1964 {{small|(12th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''The Avalanche''
| Serbjeet Singh
| Serbjeet Singh
| align="center" |<ref name="12thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm12thNFAAward.aspx|title=12th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=14 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225220334/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm12thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=25 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[29th National Film Awards|1981 {{small|(29th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[36 Chowringhee Lane]]''
| [[Shashi Kapoor]]
| [[Aparna Sen]]
| align="center" |<ref name="29thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/29th_nff_1982.pdf|title=29th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[30th National Film Awards|1982 {{small|(30th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="30thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/30th_nff_1983.pdf|title=30th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[31st National Film Awards|1983 {{small|(31st)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="31stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/31st_nff_1984.pdf|title=31st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 December 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[32nd National Film Awards|1984 {{small|(32nd)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="32ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/32nd_nff_1985.pdf|title=32nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=6 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[33rd National Film Awards|1985 {{small|(33rd)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="33rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/33nfa.pdf|title=33rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[34th National Film Awards|1986 {{small|(34th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Watchman''
| T. S. Narasimhan
| [[Shankar Nag]]
| align="center" |<ref name="34thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/34th_NFF.pdf|title=34th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[35th National Film Awards|1987 {{small|(35th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="35thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/35th_nff_1988.pdf|title=35th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[36th National Film Awards|1988 {{small|(36th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones]]''
| [[Pradip Krishen]]
| [[Pradip Krishen]]
| align="center" |<ref name="36thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/36nfa.pdf|title=36th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[37th National Film Awards|1989 {{small|(37th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="37thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/37nfa.pdf|title=37th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[38th National Film Awards|1990 {{small|(38th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="38thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/38th_nff_1991.pdf|title=38th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[39th National Film Awards|1991 {{small|(39th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="39thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/39nd_nff_1985.pdf|title=39th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 February 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[40th National Film Awards|1992 {{small|(40th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Electric Moon]]''
| Bobby Bedi
| [[Pradip Krishen]]
| align="center" |<ref name="40thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/40th_nff_1993.pdf|title=40th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[41st National Film Awards|1993 {{small|(41st)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="41stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/41st_nff_1994.pdf|title=41st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=3 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[42nd National Film Awards|1994 {{small|(42nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[English, August (film)|English, August]]''
| Anuradha Parikh
| [[Dev Benegal]]
| align="center" |<ref name="42ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/42nd_nff_1995.pdf|title=42nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=5 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[43rd National Film Awards|1995 {{small|(43rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[The Making of the Mahatma]]''
| [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]
| [[Shyam Benegal]]
| align="center" |<ref name="43rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/43rd_nff_1996.pdf|title=43rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=6 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[44th National Film Awards|1996 {{small|(44th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="44thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/44th_nff_1997.pdf|title=44th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[45th National Film Awards|1997 {{small|(45th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="45thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/45th_NFA.pdf|title=45th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=11 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[46th National Film Awards|1998 {{small|(46th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar (film)|Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar]]''
| {{•}}[[Government of India]] {{•}}[[Government of Maharashtra]] {{•}}[[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]
| [[Jabbar Patel]]
| align="center" |<ref name="46thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/46_nff_1999.pdf|title=46th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=12 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[47th National Film Awards|1999 {{small|(47th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="47thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/47th_nff_2000.pdf|title=47th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[48th National Film Awards|2000 {{small|(48th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Pandavas: The Five Warriors]]''
| [[Pentamedia Graphics|Pentamedia Graphics Ltd]]
| [[Pentamedia Graphics|Pentamedia Graphics Ltd]]
| align="center" |<ref name="48thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf|title=48th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[49th National Film Awards|2001 {{small|(49th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Mitr, My Friend]]''
| [[Suresh Chandra Menon|Suresh Menon]]
| [[Revathi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="49thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/49th_nff_2002.pdf|title=49th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=14 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[50th National Film Awards|2002 {{small|(50th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Stumble (film)|Stumble]]''
| 2 Streams Media
| [[Prakash Belawadi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="50thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/50nfa.pdf|title=50th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=14 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[51st National Film Awards|2003 {{small|(51st)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Dance Like a Man]]''
| NFDC
| [[Pamela Rooks]]
| align="center" |<ref name="51stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf|title=51st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=15 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[52nd National Film Awards|2004 {{small|(52nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Amu (film)|Amu]]''
| [[Shonali Bose]]
| [[Shonali Bose]]
| align="center" |<ref name="52ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/52nd_nff_2005.pdf|title=52nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[53rd National Film Awards|2005 {{small|(53rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[15 Park Avenue]]''
| Bipin Kumar Vohra
| [[Aparna Sen]]
| align="center" |<ref name="53rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/53rd_nff_2006.pdf|title=53rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=19 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[54th National Film Awards|2006 {{small|(54th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Quest (2006 film)|Quest]]''
| [[Amol Palekar]]
| [[Amol Palekar]]
| align="center" |<ref name="54thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/54th_nff_2006.pdf|title=54th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=24 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[55th National Film Awards|2007 {{small|(55th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[The Last Lear]]''
| [[Arindam Chaudhuri]]
| [[Rituparno Ghosh]]
| align="center" |<ref name="55thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/55th_nff_2007.pdf|title=55th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[56th National Film Awards|2008 {{small|(56th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Land Gold Women]]''
| [[Vivek Agrawal]]
| [[Avantika Hari]]
| align="center" |<ref name="56thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/56th_nff_2008.pdf|title=56th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[57th National Film Awards|2009 {{small|(57th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="57thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/57thNFA.pdf|title=57th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[58th National Film Awards|2010 {{small|(58th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Memories in March]]''
| Shrikant Mohta
| [[Sanjoy Nag]]
| align="center" |<ref name="58thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/58_NFA.pdf|title=58th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[59th National Film Awards|2011 {{small|(59th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="59thaward">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=80734|title=59th National Film Awards for the Year 2011 Announced|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[60th National Film Awards|2012 {{small|(60th)}}]]
! scope="row" |''[[Lessons in Forgetting]]''
|Prince Thampi
|Unni Vijayan
| align="center" |<ref name="60thaward">{{cite press_release|title=60th National Film Awards Announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=18 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[61st National Film Awards|2013 {{small|(61st)}}]]
! scope="row" |''The Coffin Maker''
|Shree Narayan Studio
|Veena Bakshi
| align="center" |<ref name="61staward">{{cite press_release|title=61st National Film Awards Announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=104863|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=17 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[62nd National Film Awards|2014 {{small|(62nd)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="62ndaward">{{cite press_release|title=62nd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=24 March 2015|access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[63rd National Film Awards|2015 {{small|(63rd)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="63rdaward">{{cite press_release|title=63rd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=28 March 2016|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[64th National Film Awards|2016 {{small|(64th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="64thaward">{{cite press_release|title=64th National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606051143/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[65th National Film Awards|2017 {{small|(65th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |
|-
| align="center" | [[66th National Film Awards|2018 {{small|(66th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=66th National Film Awards for 2018 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=192564 |accessdate=5 October 2024 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[67th National Film Awards|2019 {{small|(67th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2021 |title=67th National Film Awards announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1706663 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[68th National Film Awards|2020 {{small|(68th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=68th National Film Awards announced |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1843932 |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[69th National Film Awards|2021 {{small|(69th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2023 |title=69th National Film Awards for the year 2021 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1951758 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[70th National Film Awards|2022 {{small|(70th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=70th National Film Awards for the year 2022 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2045960 |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://dff.nic.in Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India]
* [http://dff.nic.in/NFA_archive.asp National Film Awards Archives]
{{National Film Award Best English Feature Film}}{{National Film Awards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Film Award For Best Feature Film in English}}
[[Category:National Film Awards (India)|English]]
[[Category:English-language Indian films|*]]

Ras Mala

2026-03-08T22:53:04Z

Kanchin789: starting basic pg first draft

{{Short description|1856 historical work by Alexander Kinloch Forbes}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title = 
| name = Ras Mala
| image = File:Rasa Mala title page.jpg
| image_size =
| border =
| alt =
| caption = First edition title page, Volume 1, 1856
| author = [[Alexander Kinloch Forbes]]
| audio_read_by =
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| orig_lang_code =
| title_working =
| translator =
| illustrator =
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| country = India
| language = English
| series =
| release_number =
| subject =
| genre = History
| set_in =
| publisher =
| publisher2 =
| pub_date = 1856
| english_pub_date =
| published =
| media_type =
| pages =
| awards =
| isbn =
| isbn_note =
| oclc =
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| native_wikisource =
| wikisource =
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}}
'''''Râs Mâlâ: Hindoo Annals of the Province of Goozerat, in Western India''''' is an 1856 historical work by [[British Raj|British colonial]] administrator [[Alexander Kinloch Forbes]]. Divided in two volumes, the work has four sections documenting the history and chronicles from 8th century [[Gujarat]] (now in India) to [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|arrival of British]] and folk literature of Gujarat as well as an historical account of the place and people he came to know during his stay in Gujarat. It was later translated into [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] in 1869.

== Origin ==
[[Alexander Kinloch Forbes]] (1821–1865), a British colonial administrator, appointed in 1842 came to [[Ahmedabad]] as an assistant judge in 1846 where he began to learn [[Gujarati language]] first from Bhogilal Pranavallabh, and then from [[Dalpatram]], a Gujarati poet. Forbes also had a deep interest in archaeology, ancient monuments and manuscripts, which made him intensely interested in the old archaeological and historical remains of Gujarat.<ref name="Chotai2016">{{cite thesis|last=Chotai|first=Dhara Kantibhai|title=Literary Historiography in Gujarati in The 19th century Issues in Ideology, Identity and Representation|chapter=Chapter 3|type=PhD|publisher=[[Central University of Gujarat]]|location=Gandhinagar|date=2016|chapter-url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/192581|pages=113–140|hdl=10603/192581 }}</ref><ref name="Jhaveri1956">{{cite book|last=Jhaveri|first=Krishnalal Mohanlal|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.143057/2015.143057.Further-Milestones-In-Gujarati-Literature#page/n23/mode/2up|title=Further milestones in Gujarāti literature|publisher=N. M. Tripathi & Co.|year=1924|location=Bombay|pages=14–15}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

Forbes, along with his colleagues, established [[Gujarat Vernacular Society]] in 1848. Dalpatram was associated with Forbes since the establishment of Gujarat Vernacular Society and they became close friends. Dalpatram became instrumental, assistant guide and interpreter for Forbes in his attempt to draw the history of the province. Forbes furnished Dalpatram with necessary assistance to travel extensively and collect the chronicles and inscription from different parts of the province. Dalpatram had profound knowledge of [[Braj Bhasha]] and [[Dingal|Charani]] dialect, which were popular languages in poetry gatherings at that time. Thus, Dalpatram helped Forbes to map the province and to give an outline of native world view, life style of local people.<ref name=Chotai2016 />

Forbes arranged a ''Kavi Melo'' (a gathering of poets) at the court of Maharaja Yuvansinha of [[Idar State]] in the month of [[Dussera]] festival in 1852, and invited [[Charan]] poets and other local [[bard]]s. He inquired of these poets about the history, life practices of the people, language, different rulers, great people of the past, traditions of their region, and recorded it for ''Ras Mala''.<ref name=Chotai2016 /> He also visited many Jain libraries in search of bards who told the stories of history of Gujarat.<ref name="toi">{{cite news|last=Unnithan|first=Chitra|date=2014-02-22|title=Briton inspired Dalpatram to write in Gujarati language|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Briton-inspired-Dalpatram-to-write-in-Gujarati-language/articleshow/30639604.cms|access-date=2014-02-22}}</ref><ref name="SinghGaur2008">{{cite book|author1=Surinder Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVA0JAzQJkYC&pg=PA181|title=Popular Literature and Pre-modern Societies in South Asia|author2=I. D. Gaur|publisher=Pearson Education India|year=2008|isbn=978-81-317-1358-7|pages=181–182}}</ref>

== Publication history ==
In 1854, Forbes left for England, and returned to India in 1856 and published ''Ras Mala''.<ref name="Chotai2016" /><ref name="Jhaveri1956" />

In the subtitle of the work Forbes uses the word annals, in a fashion that is used by [[James Tod]] in his ''Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan'' (1829 and 1832).<ref name="Chotai2016" /> A brief memoir on Forbes, prepared by A. K. Nairne, appeared in the 1878 edition of ''Ras Mala''.<ref name="Chotai2016" /> ''Ras Mala'' was translated by [[Ranchhodbhai Dave|Ranchhodbhai Udayaram Dave]] into Gujarati, and was published by Forbes Gujarati Sabha in 1869<ref name="Datta19882">{{cite book|author=Amaresh Datta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1319|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1988|isbn=978-81-260-1194-0|page=1319}}</ref><ref name="GujaratiVishwakosh2013">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Shukla|first=Jaykumar R.|title=રાસમાળા|editor-last=Thaker|editor-first=Dhirubhai|editor-link=Dhirubhai Thaker|encyclopedia=Gujarati Vishwakosh (Gujarati Encyclopedia)|volume=17|date=April 2013|publisher=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]] Trust|location=Ahmedabad|oclc=551875907|language=gu}}</ref> as ''Gujaratna Ketlak Aitihasik Prasango Ane Vartao''.<ref name="Jhaveri1934">{{cite book|last=Jhaveri|first=Krishnalal Mohanlal|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.76697/2015.76697.The-Present-State-Of-Gujarati-Literature#page/n93/mode/2up|title=The present state of Gujarati literature|publisher=University of Bombay|year=1934|pages=82–84|author-link=Krishnalal Jhaveri|access-date=6 June 2018}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

== Content ==
The ''Ras Mala'' has two volumes; each volume is divided into two books. The text contains illustrations, principally architectural, prepared by Forbes himself.<ref name=Chotai2016 />

The ''Ras Mala'' starts with a description of natural boundaries of Gujarat as viewed by Forbes.{{snf|Kapadia|2018|p=140}} The first book gives an account of the rise and fall of the [[Chavda dynasty|Chavada]] and [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela]] dynasties. It covers the period from about the eighth to thirteenth century. The second book gives an account of the conquest of [[Muslims]] over [[Patan, Gujarat|Anhilwad]], a capital of Chavda and Vaghela kings, and the political conflicts between Muslims and Hindu rulers. The third book describes the rise of [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] power in the province and its fall with the arrival of the British. The fourth book, entitled ''Conclusions'', gives an outline of the life practices of the people of the province: it describes the Hindu castes, Hindu beliefs, religious services and festivals, land tenures under Muslim rulers, Marathas and the British rule, marriage institution, funeral rites, etc.<ref name=Chotai2016 />{{snf|Kapadia|2018|pp=140-141}}

==Reception and criticism ==
In the introduction of the 1878 edition, J. W. Watson serving at the [[Rajkot State|Rajkot]] as the British Resident, noted, "There are few other books of reference about Goozerat [Gujarat], and none of them so encyclopaedic in character."{{sfn|Kapadia|2018|p=132}} H. G. Rawlinson, an historian who introduced a new edition of ''Ras Mala'' in 1924, called the book "a work for all time".<ref name="Vasunia2013">{{cite book|author=Phiroze Vasunia|title=The Classics and Colonial India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ezNoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA294|access-date=7 April 2018|date=16 May 2013|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-162607-4|page=294}}</ref> ''Ras Mala'' is often compared with [[James Tod]]'s ''Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan'' and [[James Grant Duff]]'s ''A History of the Mahrattas''.<ref name="Bates2006">{{cite book|editor-last=Bates|editor-first=Crispin|title=Beyond Representation: Colonial and Postcolonial Constructions of Indian Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pxJuAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi|last=Isaka|first=Riho|chapter=Gujarati Elites and the Construction of a Regional Identity in the Late Nineteenth Century|isbn=978-0-19-567497-2|page=169}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{Cite book|last=Kapadia|first=Aparna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrxsDwAAQBAJ|title=Gujarat: The Long Fifteenth Century and the Making of a Region|date=2018-05-16|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-15331-8|pages=129–171|language=en|chapter=5. ''Rās Mālā'': Re-Discovering a Warrior Past}}

== External links ==
* {{Google books|id=s1woAAAAYAAJ}} (Volume I)
* {{Google books|id=4FwoAAAAYAAJ}} (Volume II)
* {{Internet Archive|id=in.ernet.dli.2015.305705}} (Gujarati translation)
* {{Gujarati Vishwakosh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:19th-century history books]]
[[Category:Cultural history of Gujarat]]
[[Category:1856 books]]

Giddh

2026-03-03T23:54:07Z

Kanchin789: small edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Giddh
| image =

| alt =
| caption =
| director = T.S. Ranga
| producer = T.S. Ranga
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Smita Patil]] [[Om Puri]] [[Nana Patekar]]
| music = [[B.V. Karanth]]
| cinematography =
| editing = [[Aruna Raje|Aruna]]-Vikas
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1984}}
| runtime = 1 hr. 53 min.
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Giddh''''' (The Vultures) is a 1984 Hindi film directed by T.S. Ranga starring [[Smita Patil]], [[Om Puri]] and [[Nana Patekar]] among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiancine.ma/YOC/info|publisher=Indian Cine.ma: Online Archive of Indian Film|title=Giddh|accessdate=10 July 2015}}</ref> The film won Special Jury Award (32nd National Film Awards) for in-depth depiction of the helplessness of people struggling against the ''[[Devadasi]]'' tradition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm32ndNFAAward.aspx|title=32nd National Film Festival-1985|publisher=International Film Festival of India|accessdate=10 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926054317/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm32ndNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=26 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Plot==
In a remote village at [[Karnataka]]-[[Maharashtra]] border in India, the poor residents follow ''[[Devadasi]]'' tradition according to which young girls are given up{{by whom|date=May 2019}} in the service of Goddess [[Yellamma]]. The landlords, priests and other men take advantage of these young girls and pimps like Veerapppan take them to brothels in Bombay. Bhashya, a laborer and his wife Hanumi lead an attempt at awakening against the practice by deciding to save Laksmi from becoming a ''Devadasi'' with the help of Masterji, going against the powerful feudal lord Desai.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://parallelcinema.blogspot.in/2005/08/giddh-1984-vultures.html|title=Alternate Movies|publisher=Parallel Cinema|accessdate=10 July 2015}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Smita Patil]] as Hanumi
*[[Om Puri]] as Basya
*[[Nana Patekar]] as Veerappan
*Savita Bajaj as Sundri
*Vikas Desai as Patil
*Vijay Kashyap as Katra
*[[Achyut Potdar]] as Desai
*[[M. K. Raina]] as Masterji
*[[S. Sathyendra]] as Veerappan's friend (uncredited)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/meet-mr-versatile/article3198308.ece|title=Meet Mr. Versatile|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 March 2012|access-date=30 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216033702/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/meet-mr-versatile/article3198308.ece|archive-date=16 December 2023}}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0260928|Giddh}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes|giddh}}

[[Category:1984 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1984 Indian films]]
[[Category:1984 films]]
[[Category:Films about prostitution in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by B. V. Karanth]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Anek

2026-03-02T04:32:22Z

Kanchin789: adjusted citations for accuracy

{{Short description|2022 film directed by Anubhav Sinha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Anek
| image = Anek poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Anubhav Sinha]]
| screenplay =
| producer = {{Ubl|[[Bhushan Kumar]]|[[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]]|[[Anubhav Sinha]]}}
| writer = {{Ubl|Anubhav Sinha|Sima Agarwal|Yash Keswani}}
| based_on =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Ayushmann Khurrana]]|[[Manoj Pahwa]]|[[Kumud Mishra]]|[[Andrea Kevichüsa]]|[[J.D. Chakravarthy]]|}}
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Anurag Saikia]] '''Background Score:''' Mangesh Dhakde
| cinematography = [[Ewan Mulligan]]
| editing = Yasha Ramchandani
| studio = {{Ubl|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]|[[Benaras Media Works]]}}
| distributor = [[AA Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|5|27|}}
| runtime = 147 minutes<ref name=BBFC>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/anek-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmda0nde5|title=Anek|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|quote=ANEK is a Hindi language action thriller film in which an undercover cop infiltrates a separatist group.|access-date=20 May 2022|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520161613/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/anek-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmda0nde5|url-status=live}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|40}} crore<ref>{{cite web |title=Anek (2022)- Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=6183 |website=Box Office India |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107235304/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=6183 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|11.10 crore}}<ref name="bo">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/anek/box-office/|title=Anek Box Office|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=27 May 2022|access-date=28 May 2022|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527221247/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/anek/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

'''''Anek''''' ({{Translation|Many}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]]-language [[action thriller film]]<ref name=BBFC/> written and directed by [[Anubhav Sinha]] who also co-produced it with [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/bollywood-news/story/anek-trailer-ayushmann-khurrana-anubhav-sinha-north-east-india-anek-trailer-release-date-tmov-1458134-2022-05-05|title=Anek Trailer: कैसे साबित होता है हम सिर्फ इंडियन हैं? आयुष्मान खुराना की 'अनेक' ने उठाया सवाल|date=5 May 2022|publisher=[[Aaj Tak]]|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505101745/https://www.aajtak.in/amp/entertainment/bollywood-news/story/anek-trailer-ayushmann-khurrana-anubhav-sinha-north-east-india-anek-trailer-release-date-tmov-1458134-2022-05-05|url-status=live}}</ref> It stars [[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Andrea Kevichüsa]], [[Manoj Pahwa]], [[Kumud Mishra]] and [[J. D. Chakravarthy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/anek-trailer-ayushmann-khurrana-is-an-undercover-cop-on-a-mission-to-find-peace-2947623|title=Anek Trailer: Ayushmann Khurrana Is An Undercover Cop On A Mission To Find "Peace"|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=7 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107235309/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/anek-trailer-ayushmann-khurrana-is-an-undercover-cop-on-a-mission-to-find-peace-2947623|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BH_cast">{{cite web |title=Anek Cast List |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/anek/cast/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=5 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=5 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505115937/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/anek/cast/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thelallantop.com/jhamajham/anek-trailer-review-starring-ayushmann-khurrana-kumud-mishra-manoj-pahwa-andrea-kevichusa-directed-by-anubhav-sinha/amp/|title='अनेक' ट्रेलर के ये 10 सेकंड हिंदी थोपने वाले तमाम लोगों के लिए ही बने हैं|publisher=[[The Lallantop]]|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505100808/https://www.thelallantop.com/jhamajham/anek-trailer-review-starring-ayushmann-khurrana-kumud-mishra-manoj-pahwa-andrea-kevichusa-directed-by-anubhav-sinha/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

''Anek'' revolves around a police official sent as a secret agent to [[Northeast India]] to bring a peace deal between the government and the separatist groups in the North East, who want to break away from India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/anek-trailer-ayushmann-khurrana-anubhav-sinha-reunite-for-film-on-the-otherisation-of-the-north-east-watch-101651729643538.html|title=Anek trailer: Ayushmann Khurrana, Anubhav Sinha reunite for film on the otherisation of the North East. Watch|date=5 May 2022|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505071103/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/anek-trailer-ayushmann-khurrana-anubhav-sinha-reunite-for-film-on-the-otherisation-of-the-north-east-watch-101651729643538-amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anek-motion-teaser-ayushmann-khurranas-mission-for-peace-begins-watch-video-7901580/lite/|title=Anek motion teaser: Ayushmann Khurrana's 'mission for peace begins', watch|date=5 May 2022|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505101036/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anek-motion-teaser-ayushmann-khurranas-mission-for-peace-begins-watch-video-7901580/lite/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Anek'' was released in cinemas worldwide on 27 May 2022 to mixed reviews.<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/anek</ref><ref name="april 22 pr">{{Cite press release |last=Hymavathi |first=Ravali |title=Ayushmann Khurrana's 'Anek' Gets A New Release Date |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/ayushmann-khurranas-anek-gets-a-new-release-date-737745 |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=The Hans India |language=en |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413144339/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/ayushmann-khurranas-anek-gets-a-new-release-date-737745 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1023303/anek-trailer-ayushmann-khurrana-film-looks-at-discrimination-in-the-north-east|title='Anek' trailer: Ayushmann Khurrana film looks at discrimination in the North-East|date=5 May 2022|publisher=[[Scroll]]|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=14 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514065902/https://amp.scroll.in/reel/1023303/anek-trailer-ayushmann-khurrana-film-looks-at-discrimination-in-the-north-east|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] as Agent Aman / Joshua
* [[Andrea Kevichüsa]] as Aido
* [[Manoj Pahwa]] as Abrar
* [[Kumud Mishra]] as Abrar's boss
* [[J. D. Chakravarthy]] as Anjaiyyah Bellamkonda IPS
* Loitongbam Dorendra Singh as Tiger Sangha
* Thejasevor Belho as Niko
* Rajib Kro as Johnson
* Sheila Devi as Emma
* Meenakshi as Gopa

== Production ==
Filming began in February 2021 and continued extensively throughout parts of northeastern India <ref name="february 21 pr">{{Cite press release |title=After 'Article 15', Anubhav Sinha & Ayushmann Khurrana come together for their next titled 'Anek' |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/films/after-article-15-anubhav-sinha-and-ayushmann-khurrana-come-together-for-their-next-titled-anek |date=2 February 2021 |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=[[National Herald]] |archive-date=3 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203122511/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/films/after-article-15-anubhav-sinha-and-ayushmann-khurrana-come-together-for-their-next-titled-anek |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped up]] within March 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anek Trailer: 'जीतेगा कौन? हिंदुस्तान' आयुष्मान खुराना की 'अनेक' का दमदार ट्रेलर रिलीज |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/trailer/ayushmann-khurranaa-film-anek-official-trailer-is-out-now/amp_videoshow/91336163.cms |access-date=5 May 2022 |publisher=[[Navbharat Times]] |archive-date=5 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505101522/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/trailer/ayushmann-khurranaa-film-anek-official-trailer-is-out-now/amp_videoshow/91336163.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="march 21 pr">{{Cite press release |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ayushmann-khurrana-wraps-up-anubhav-sinha-s-anek-calls-it-very-special-1781433-2021-03-20 |title=Ayushmann Khurrana wraps up Anubhav Sinha's Anek, calls it very special |work=India Today |date=20 March 2021 |access-date=20 March 2021 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320045258/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/bollywood/story/ayushmann-khurrana-wraps-up-anubhav-sinha-s-anek-calls-it-very-special-1781433-2021-03-20 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Music==
{{Infobox Album
| name = Anek
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Anurag Saikia]]
| released = 7 June 2022
| recorded = 2021–2022
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 15:51
| language = Hindi Nagamese English
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = [[Anurag Saikia]]
}}
The music rights of the film are owned by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]. The music of the film is composed by [[Anurag Saikia]]. The first single was released on 24 May 2022.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1529040619934347264|user=TSeries|title=Anek mein hoon Ek main! #VoiceOfAnek Sunne ke baad har Hindustani ab bas yahi kahegaSong out now :…|date=24 May 2022}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Original tracklist
| total_length = 15:51
| title1 = Voice of Anek
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| lyrics1 = [[Shakeel Azmi]]
| extra1 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], Vivek Hariharan, [[Anurag Saikia]]
| length1 = 3:48
| title2 = Oh Ku Takum
| lyrics2 = Jonathan Lemtur
| extra2 = Imnanungsang Tzudir, Temsuwapang Aiee
| length2 = 2:23
| title3 = Shaal Wunga
| lyrics3 = Basharat Peer
| extra3 = [[Noor Mohammad Shah]], Muntazir Faraz
| length3 = 2:38
| title4 = Oh Mama
| lyrics4 = [[Anurag Saikia]]
| extra4 = Neha Karode, [[Anurag Saikia]]
| length4 = 4:02
| title5 = Rabbit (Cafe Song)
| lyrics5 = [[Anurag Saikia]]
| extra5 = Neha Karode
| length5 = 3:02
}}

==Release==
===Theatrical===
The film was released in theatres worldwide on 27 May 2022.<ref name="april 22 pr"/>

===Home media===
The digital streaming rights of the film is owned by [[Netflix]]. The film streamed on Netflix from 26 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2022 |title=Ayushman Khurana's Anek on OTT: Release date, where to watch, cast, and plot |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/ayushman-khurana-s-anek-on-ott-release-date-where-to-watch-cast-and-plot-1967187-2022-06-27 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=31 July 2022 |archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107235304/https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/ayushman-khurana-s-anek-on-ott-release-date-where-to-watch-cast-and-plot-1967187-2022-06-27 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Reception==
''Anek'' received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for the performances and timely themes, but criticism for its screenplay and direction.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anek box office collection Day 1: Ayushmann Khurrana film fails to pull people to cinema halls|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/anek-box-office-collection-day-1-ayushmann-khurrana-film-fails-to-pull-people-to-cinema-halls-7940632/lite/|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=28 May 2022|access-date=28 May 2022|quote=Anek has received a mixed response from film critics.|archive-date=28 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528045222/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/anek-box-office-collection-day-1-ayushmann-khurrana-film-fails-to-pull-people-to-cinema-halls-7940632/lite/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/anek</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Anek Review: Ayushmann Khurrana's Political Thriller Helmed by Anubhav Sinha Gets Mixed Reactions From Critics|url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/bollywood/anek-review-ayushmann-khurranas-political-thriller-helmed-by-anubhav-sinha-gets-mixed-reactions-from-critics-3755016.html/amp|website=Latestly|date=27 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=21 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221154926/https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/bollywood/anek-review-ayushmann-khurranas-political-thriller-helmed-by-anubhav-sinha-gets-mixed-reactions-from-critics-3755016.html/amp|url-status=live}}</ref> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|67|5.8|6|consensus=}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anek {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/anek |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>

A critic for ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 4 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Anek, through its runtime, draws subtle parallels between the northeast and other parts of the country, in particular Jammu and Kashmir."<ref>{{cite news|title=Anek Movie Review : An unsettling, thought-provoking narrative from the northeast|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/anek/movie-review/91820174.cms|website=[[The Times Of India]]|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527041258/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/anek/movie-review/91820174.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Tina Das of ''[[The Print]]'' rated the film 4 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Anek manages to showcase the complex layers of the insurgency in the Northeast, and it does that well."<ref>{{cite web|title=Anubhav Sinha's Anek only mildly hints at AFSPA violence in Northeast but drives point home|url=https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/anubhav-sinhas-anek-only-mildly-hints-at-afspa-violence-in-northeast-but-drives-point-home/971940/|website=[[The Print]]|date=27 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527052614/https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/anubhav-sinhas-anek-only-mildly-hints-at-afspa-violence-in-northeast-but-drives-point-home/971940/|url-status=live}}</ref> Phuong Le of ''[[The Guardian]]'' rated the film 4 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Anek is a rare commercial film that spotlights Northeastern Indian stories, and goes out of its way to refuse to condemn guerrilla fighters as terrorists."<ref>{{cite web|title=Anek review – gunfights, boxing and what it means to be Indian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/may/25/anek-review-gunfights-boxing-and-what-it-means-to-be-indian|website=[[The Guardian]]|date=25 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526221209/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/may/25/anek-review-gunfights-boxing-and-what-it-means-to-be-indian|url-status=live}}</ref> Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "The political message packs a punch, its power is somewhat diminished by the execution and the writing, which is rusty in places."<ref>{{cite web|title=Anek Movie Review|url=https://www.m.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/anek-movie-review-54195.amp|website=[[Filmfare]]|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527153923/https://m.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/anek-movie-review-54195.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> Navneet Vyasan of ''[[News 18]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "If it wasn't for its cast, Anubhav Sinha's directorial 'Anek' would've been a test of your patience. Thankfully, it isn't."<ref>{{cite web|title=Anek Review: Ayushmann Khurrana-Starrer May Test Your Patience, But It's Worthwhile|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/anek-review-ayushmann-khurrana-starrer-may-test-your-patience-but-its-worthwhile-5256805.html|website=[[News 18]]|date=27 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527062544/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/anek-review-ayushmann-khurrana-starrer-may-test-your-patience-but-its-worthwhile-5256805.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Swati Chopra of ''[[The Quint]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Anek is preachy in parts, but the film has its heart in the right place and it could have done better if the film didn't feel rushed, leading to less clarity."<ref>{{cite web|title=Review: Ayushmann Khurrana's 'Anek' Has Its Heart in the Right Place|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/anek-review-ayushmann-khurrana-anubhav-sinha-andrea-kevichusa|website=[[The Quint]]|date=27 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=8 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608112312/https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/entertainment/movie-reviews/anek-review-ayushmann-khurrana-anubhav-sinha-andrea-kevichusa|url-status=live}}</ref> Fengyen Chiu of ''[[Mashable]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Anek tries very hard to bring forth the problems of North-east people in India but the message doesn't quite reach properly."<ref>{{cite web|title='Anek' Review: Ayushman Khuranna, Anubhav Sinha Shed Light On Plight Of North-East Indians But Its No 'Article 15'|url=https://www.mashable.com/entertainment/32358/anek-review-ayushman-khuranna-anubhav-sinha-shed-light-on-plight-of-north-east-indians-but-its-no-ar%3famp=1|website=[[Mashable]]|access-date=27 May 2022}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Anek is sharper playing principled dissenter than uninvited saviour of the North East."<ref>{{cite web|title='Anek' review: Political thriller muddles its way through the North East|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1024637/anek-review-political-thriller-muddles-its-way-through-the-north-east|website=[[Scroll.in]]|date=27 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527042113/https://scroll.in/reel/1024637/anek-review-political-thriller-muddles-its-way-through-the-north-east|url-status=live}}</ref> Sukanya Verma of ''[[Rediff]]'' rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "There's too much going on in Anek, and a lot of it is terribly disjointed."<ref>{{cite web|title=Anek Review|url=https://www.m.rediff.com/amp/movies/review/anek-review/20220527.htm|website=[[Rediff]]|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=28 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528062000/https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/review/anek-review/20220527.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Ayushmann Khurrana and the film stay woolly, being careful to stay in the middle of the while-on-the-one-side, but-also tightrope. Anubhav Sinha dips his toe into relatively unexplored territory, with mixed results."<ref>{{cite web|title=Anek movie review: Ayushmann Khurran, Andrea film swings between conviction and a cop-out|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/anek-movie-review-ayushmann-khurran-andrea-kevichusa-anubhav-sinha-7939477/lite/|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=27 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527104106/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/anek-movie-review-ayushmann-khurran-andrea-kevichusa-anubhav-sinha-7939477/lite/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bharathi Pradhan of ''[[Lehren]]'' rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "The cinematic effort to mainstream the North-East, ends up in a mess that further alienates instead of integrating."<ref>{{cite web|title=Anek Review: Too Much Makes It Messy|url=https://lehren.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/anek-review-ayushmann-khurrana-andrea-kevichusa/128319/|website=[[Lehren]]|date=27 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527054252/https://lehren.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/anek-review-ayushmann-khurrana-andrea-kevichusa/128319/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Visually spectacular, politically blurred, well-meaning and yet Anek fails to reach out across the barrier of the screen."<ref>{{cite web|title=Anek movie review: A Kashmiri Muslim symbolising the ruthless Indian establishment in the North-East? C'mon!|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/anek-movie-review-a-kashmiri-muslim-symbolising-the-ruthless-indian-establishment-in-the-north-east-cmon-10725401.html/amp|website=[[Firstpost]]|date=27 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527050816/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/anek-movie-review-a-kashmiri-muslim-symbolising-the-ruthless-indian-establishment-in-the-north-east-cmon-10725401.html/amp|url-status=live}}</ref> Umesh Punwani of ''Koimoi'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Anubhav Sinha had so much to showcase, but he chose the wrong platform to do so."<ref>{{cite web|title=Anek Movie Review: Ayushmann Khurrana's Message Loses In Translation, Creating A Complicated Chaos!|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-movies/movie-reviews/anek-movie-review-ayushmann-khurranas-message-loses-in-translation-creating-a-complicated-chaos/|website=Koimoi|date=27 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=3 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603053024/https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-movies/movie-reviews/anek-movie-review-ayushmann-khurranas-message-loses-in-translation-creating-a-complicated-chaos/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> Monika Rawal Kukreja of ''[[The Hindustan Times]]'' stated, "Anubhav Sinha's latest political-social drama starring Ayushmann Khurrana fails to keep up with the expectations sets by ''[[Thappad]]'', ''[[Mulk (film)|Mulk]]'', ''[[Article 15 (film)|Article 15]].''"<ref>{{cite web|title=Anek review: Ayushmann Khurrana skillfully shoulders this relevant film that loses focus after every few steps|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/anek-review-ayushmann-khurrana-skillfully-shoulders-this-relevant-film-that-loses-focus-after-every-few-steps-101653625877756.html|website=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=27 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527051422/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/anek-review-ayushmann-khurrana-skillfully-shoulders-this-relevant-film-that-loses-focus-after-every-few-steps-101653625877756-amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable sortable""
|-
! Year{{efn|name=years|Refers to the year in which the ceremony was held.}}
! Award
! Category
! Recipient(s)
! Result
! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="4"|2023
| rowspan="4"| [[68th Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
|[[Andrea Kevichüsa]]
|{{won}}
|<ref name="ff23win">{{cite news|title=Winners of the 68th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2023|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2023/winners|date=28 April 2023|work=Filmfare|access-date=28 April 2023|archive-date=27 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427192148/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2023/winners|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
|Ewan Mulligan
|rowspan="3"{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Sound Design|Best Sound Design]]
|Kaamod L Kharde
|
|
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]
|Mangesh Dhakde
|
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Hindi films of 2022]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|13919802}}
{{Anubhav Sinha}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2022 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2022 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian sports films]]
[[Category:Films about racism]]
[[Category:Films about violence against women]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Films about Naxalism]]
[[Category:2022 sports films]]

Kulwant Singh Pandori

2026-02-20T13:54:57Z

Kanchin789: further fixed formatting for consistency and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian politician from Punjab}}
{{other people|Kulwant Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kulwant Singh Pandori
| birth_date = 5 January 1973
| website =
| profession = Journalist, Politician
| alma_mater =
| residence = [[Barnala]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| spouse = Jaswinder Kaur
| birth_place = Pandori
| image =
| successor =
| predecessor = Harchand Kaur
| constituency = [[Mehal Kalan Assembly constituency|Mehal Kalan]]
| term_end =
| term_start = [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| office = [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| caption =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kulwant Singh Pandori''' (born 5 January 1973) is an Indian politician and a member of [[Aam Aadmi Party]]. In 2017, he was elected as the member of the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] from [[Mehal Kalan Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kulwant Singh Pandori(AAP):Constituency- MEHAL KALAN (SC)(SANGRUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|url=https://myneta.info/punjab2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=265|access-date=2021-06-24|website=myneta.info}}</ref>

He was born on 5 January 1973 in Pandori in [[Punjab, India]].<ref name="Assembly Bio">{{Cite web|title=Members Personal Information|url=http://www.punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/members/detail/192|access-date=2021-06-24|website=www.punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
He worked as a journalist and served as the incharge of Malwa region for newspapers namely Ajit, Rozana Spokesman and Pehredaar.<ref name="Assembly Bio" />

==Political career==
Pandori is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-31|title=Named in pending cases affidavit to HC, AAP MLAs cry foul: ‘Punjab government trying to stifle our voices’|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/named-in-pending-cases-affidavit-to-hc-aap-mlas-cry-foul-punjab-govt-trying-to-stifle-our-voices-7337400/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=SAD, Cong promote drug trade: AAP MLA|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/sad-cong-promote-drug-trade-aap-mla-210377|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly first term==
Pandori as an MLA represents the [[Mehal Kalan Assembly constituency]]. Pandori won the [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] from Mehal Kalan on an [[Aam Aadmi Party]] ticket. He defeated Ajit Singh Shant of the [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] by over 27064 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MEHAL KALAN Election Result 2017, Winner, MEHAL KALAN MLA, Punjab|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/punjab/mehal-kalan-mla-results|access-date=2021-06-24|website=NDTV.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2017 Mehal Kalan - Punjab Assembly Election Winner, LIVE Results & Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results & Live Election Updates|url=https://www.india.com/assembly-election-2017/punjab/mehal-kalan/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=India.com|language=en}}</ref>
;[[Punjab Legislative Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
* Member (2017–18) of Subordinate Legislation Committee<ref name="Assembly Bio" />
* Member (2018–19) of Library Committee<ref name="Assembly Bio" />

==Member of Legislative Assembly Second term==
He represents the [[Mehal Kalan Assembly constituency]] as MLA in Punjab Assembly. The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

;[[Punjab Legislative Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Chairman (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Privileges|Committee on Privileges]]<ref name="Committee on Privileges">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=28&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Mehal Kalan Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Mehal Kalan Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2017}}
{{#section:Mehal Kalan Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Mehal Kalan
| before= Harchand Kaur
| after=
| years= [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]] – }}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh Pandori, Kulwant}}
[[Category:Politicians from Barnala district]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]

Firozpur Cantonment–Delhi Junction Vande Bharat Express

2026-02-20T05:44:13Z

Kanchin789: Started new article - done

{{Italic title}}{{short description|Mini Vande Bharat Express train route in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = FF7220
| name = Firozpur Cantonment – Delhi Junction ''Vande Bharat Express''
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = Firozpur vande Bharat.jpg
| image_width =
| image_alt =
| alt =
| caption = Firozpur Cantonment - Delhi Junction Vande Bharat Express At [[Kurukshetra Junction railway station|Kurukshetra Junction]]
| type = [[Vande Bharat Express]]
| locale = [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]], and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| first = {{start date and age|8 November 2025|df=yes}} (Inaugural) {{start date and age|10 November 2025|df=yes}} (Commercial)
| last =
| operator = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railways (NR)]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Firozpur Cantonment}}
| stops = 7
| end = {{stnlnk|Delhi Junction}}
| distance = {{cvt|487|km}}
| journeytime = 6 hrs 35 mins
| frequency = Six days a week{{efn|name=Service|Except Wednesdays}}
| trainnumber = 26462 / 26461
| line_used =
| class = {{ubl|[[Indian Railways coaching stock#AC Executive Class (EC)|AC Executive Class (EC)]]|[[Indian Railways coaching stock#Chair car (CC)|Chair car (CC)]]}}
| seating = {{hlist|Airline style|Rotatable seats}}
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = On board
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment = {{hlist|[[Wi-Fi|On-board WiFi]]|Infotainment System|[[AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types#Indian IS 1293|Electric outlets]]|Reading light|Seat Pockets|Bottle Holder|Tray Table}}
| baggage = Overhead racks
| otherfacilities = [[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]]
| stock = [[Vande Bharat Express#(trainset)#Second generation|Vande Bharat trainset]]
| gauge = [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|Indian gauge]] {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| el =
| speed = {{cvt|74|kph}} (average)
| trainlength = {{cvt|192|m}} (8 coaches)
| owners = [[Indian Railways]]
| maintenance = [[Northern Railway zone]]
| map = {{Firozpur Cantonment–Delhi Junction VB Express Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| electrification = [[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] Overhead line
}}
The 26462/26461 '''Firozpur Cantonment - Delhi Junction ''Vande Bharat Express''''' is India's 79th [[Vande Bharat Express]] train, connecting [[Firozpur]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] with the national capital of [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news |date=25 September 2025 |title=New Ferozepur-Delhi Vande Bharat Train Announced; Bathinda, Patiala Among Key Stops |url=https://www.news18.com/india/new-ferozepur-delhi-vande-bharat-train-announced-bathinda-patiala-among-key-stops-details-ws-l-9595108.html |access-date=1 November 2025 |work=[[News18]]}}</ref> The service was inaugurated by the Indian [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] via video conferencing from [[Varanasi]] on 8 November 2025.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 November 2025 |title=PM Modi flags off four new Vande Bharat Express trains, says India moving fast on path of development |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-modi-vande-bharat-trains-inauguration-varanasi-updates-november-8-2025/article70255384.ece |access-date=8 November 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2025 |title=New Vande Bharat for Ferozepur to be flagged off on November 7 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/new-vande-bharat-for-ferozepur-to-be-flagged-off-on-november-7-10340749/ |access-date=8 November 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Service ==
The train is operated by the [[Northern Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]]. It runs between [[Firozpur Cantonment railway station|Firozpur Cantonment]] and [[Delhi Junction railway station|Delhi Junction]] with stoppages at [[Faridkot railway station|Faridkot]], [[Bathinda Junction railway station|Bhatinda]], [[Barnala]] , [[Dhuri Junction railway station|Dhuri]], [[Patiala railway station|Patiala]], [[Ambala Cantonment Junction railway station|Ambala Cantonment]], [[Kurukshetra Junction railway station|Kurukshetra]], and [[Panipat Junction railway station|Panipat]]. It runs with designated train numbers 26462/26461 and operates six days a week.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 September 2025 |title=New Vande Bharat Express to connect Firozpur Cantt-Bathinda-Patiala–Delhi: Check route, timings |url=https://www.etnownews.com/infrastructure/new-vande-bharat-express-to-connect-firozpur-cantt-bathinda-patiala-delhi-check-route-timings-article-152903032 |access-date=1 November 2025 |work=ET Now}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=New Ferozepur-Delhi Vande Bharat Express train: Major stops at Faridkot, Bathinda, Patiala, Ambala Cantt, Kurukshetra, Panipat|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/new-ferozepur-delhi-vande-bharat-express-train-announced-major-stops-at-faridkot-bathinda-dhuri-patiala-ambala-cantt-kurukshetra-panipat-check-timings-8096595/ |work=India.com |access-date=1 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=1 November 2025 |title=Firozpur Cantt-Delhi Vande Bharat Express train: Check route, travel time, stoppages, timings |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/firozpur-cantt-delhi-vande-bharat-train-route-travel-time-stops-timings-10339927/ |access-date=1 November 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> It covers a distance of {{cvt|487|km}} in 6 hours and 35 minutes at an average speed of {{cvt|74|kph}}.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2025 |title=Vande Bharat express train will run between Firozpur and Old Delhi |url=https://ndtv.in/india/new-vande-bharat-express-train-will-run-between-firozpur-cantt-and-delhi-read-route-detail-9332271 |access-date=1 November 2025 |work=[[NDTV]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2025 |title=Punjab's Rail Network Set For Major Upgrade With New Vande Bharat And Trincity Link |url=https://www.travelandleisureasia.com/in/news/punjabs-rail-network-set-for-major-upgrade-with-new-vande-bharat-and-trincity-link/ |access-date=1 November 2025 |work=Travel and Leisure Asia}}</ref>

==Rake==
It is the seventy-third [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation|Vande Bharat trainset]], designed and manufactured by the [[Integral Coach Factory]] at [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]] under the [[Make in India]] Initiative.<ref>{{cite web |title=Train 18, India's Fastest, Named "Vande Bharat Express": Piyush Goyal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/train-18-indias-fastest-named-vande-bharat-express-piyush-goyal-1983965 |access-date=21 April 2025 |work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

== See also ==
* {{anl|Gatiman Express}}
* {{anl|Tejas Express}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Vande Bharat Express}}

[[Category:Vande Bharat Express trains]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Higher-speed rail]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Transport in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Transport in Firozpur]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]

Sunil Wadhwani

2026-02-12T03:03:09Z

Kanchin789: further expand structure per sources also and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian entrepreneur}}
{{resume-like|date=September 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sunil Wadhwani
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Sunil Tekchand Wadhwani<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.marketscreener.com/business-leaders/Sunil-Wadhwani-001KRJ-E/biography/|title=Sunil Tekchand Wadhwani - Biography|last=MarketScreener|website=www.marketscreener.com|access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date |65|2018|08|20}}<ref name="auto"/>
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], India<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2017/01/10/sunil-wadhwani-theres-dramatic-change-indian-american-philanthropy-recent-years/ | title=Sunil Wadhwani: There's been a dramatic change in Indian American philanthropy in recent years | date=10 January 2017}}</ref>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[IIT Madras]] [[Carnegie Mellon University]]
| occupation = {{Hlist|Entrepreneur| Investor| Philanthropist}}
| years_active = 1981–present
| known for = Co-founding [[Mastech Digital]] and [[IGATE]]
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| boards =
| spouse = Nita Wadhwani
| children = 2
| parents =
| relatives = [[Romesh Wadhwani]] (brother)
| website =
}}

'''Sunil Tekchand Wadhwani''' is an Indian American businessman and philanthropist. He is the co-founder and CEO of [[Mastech Digital|Mastech, Inc.]] and [[IGATE]]. Born in Delhi, India, Wadhwani graduated from the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Madras]], before moving to the United States to earn a degree from [[Carnegie Mellon University]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://alumni.iitm.ac.in/citations-1999-distinguished-alumnus-awards-recipients/|title=Citations: 1999 Distinguished Alumnus Awards Recipients {{!}} Office Of Alumni Relations|website=alumni.iitm.ac.in|access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref>

Wadhwani is the managing partner at SWAT Capital. He resides in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]].

== Early life ==
Sunil Wadhwani was born in [[Delhi]], India, and is the brother of Indian-born American [[billionaire]], [[Romesh Wadhwani]].

In 1974, Sunil received a bachelor's degree from [[IIT Madras]]. He obtained a master's degree from [[Carnegie Mellon University]], Pittsburgh in 1976.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www-dev.cs.cmu.edu/advisoryboard/bios/swadhwani.html|title=SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, Carnegie Mellon|website=www-dev.cs.cmu.edu|access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

== Philanthropy ==
In 2000, Wadhwani and his family established the Wadhwani Impact Trust to leverage innovation to transform the lives and communities of the world's most vulnerable populations. The nonprofit supports two organizations in India and other US charities.{{citation needed|date= February 2025}}

=== Wadhwani Initiative for Sustainable Healthcare (WISH) ===
The Wadhwani Initiative for Sustainable Healthcare (WISH) was founded in 2014 by Sunil Wadhwani to transform the primary [[Health care|healthcare]] system in low-income areas of India and other [[developing countries]] using innovation and technology.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://ehealth.eletsonline.com/2017/11/a-leader-in-his-own-right/|title=A Leader in His Own Right: Sunil Wadhwani|website=ehealth.eletsonline.com|date=19 November 2017 |access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref><ref name="Health ATMs can be a reality soon">{{Cite web |date=2014-11-21 |title=Health ATMs can be a reality soon |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/health/health-atms-can-be-a-reality-soon/ |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-02-20 |title=WISH, USAID brace up to improve primary healthcare |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/WISH-USAID-brace-up-to-improve-primary-healthcare/articleshow/51070174.cms |access-date=2023-08-31 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

WISH works with healthcare innovators, the government, and other private sector partners. to support over 1,000 digital health and wellness centers in India. These centers have served over 30 million patients with free healthcare. WISH also established an Innovation Unit at the National Health Authority in India to mainstream digital health innovations such as point-of-care-services, smart clinics, and e-health modules.<ref name="Health ATMs can be a reality soon"/>

WISH is currently present in several states in India including [[Assam]], [[Rajasthan]], Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsclick.in/rajasthan-pushes-ahead-privatisation-primary-healthcare|title=Rajasthan Pushes Ahead With Privatisation Of Primary Healthcare {{!}} NewsClick|website=NewsClick|date=31 October 2017 |access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref>

=== Wadhwani Institute for Artificial Intelligence (WIAI) ===
In February 2018, Wadhwani, along with his brother, Romesh, founded the institute to develop and deploy transformative solutions using [[artificial intelligence]], [[machine learning]], [[data science]]s, and related areas to address societal challenges in domains such as health, agriculture, infrastructure, education, and more.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2018/02/23/new-initiative-india-help-shape-ai-benefit-everyone/|title=A New Initiative in India to Help Shape AI for the Benefit of Everyone - Non Profit News {{!}} Nonprofit Quarterly|website=nonprofitquarterly.org|date=23 February 2018 |access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref>

WIAI, led by a team of more than 200 AI / ML experts, has developed over 30 AI solutions being scaled across various states in India. These solutions include smart differential diagnosis enabling over 5 million AI-powered consultations, a system that helps predict high risk pregnancies and suggest interventions affecting 30+ million women around the world each year, a suite of TB solutions impacting over 2.6 million people, and an AI-powered tool for agricultural pest management being used by 33,000 farmers across 6 states to protect crops.

===Wadhwani School of Data Science and AI===
Sunil Wadhwani, through the Wadhwani Impact Trust, endowed [[₹]]110 [[crore]] to the [[IIT Madras]] to establish the Wadhwani School of Data Science and AI. The school will offer various graduate and postgraduate courses and run a Joint MSc program in Data Science and AI with the University of Birmingham, U.K.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Basu |first=Sreeradha |date=2024-01-30 |title=IIT-Madras gets Rs 110 crore endowment from Sunil Wadhwani |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/iit-madras-gets-rs-110-crore-endowment-from-sunil-wadhwani/articleshow/107260336.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-06-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

===Vibrant Pittsburgh (VP)===
In 2010, Wadhwani co-founded Vibrant Pittsburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Exemplary Life - Sunil Wadhwani Tells His Story |url=https://pittsburghquarterly.com/articles/an-exemplary-life-sunil-wadhwani/ |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=Pittsburgh Quarterly}}</ref> Vibrant Pittsburgh is an economic development non-profit catalyzing workplace diversity in the Pittsburgh region by providing resources and partnering with the business community. It trains over 2,000 employees annually with the goal of measurable progress toward a more diverse, equitable, inclusive, and attractive organizations for the talent of today and tomorrow.

==2070 Health==

Wadhwani, through his venture capital firm W Health Ventures, has invested $30 million in 2070 Health, a platform that creates new health companies to improve healthcare accessibility and affordability in India. 2070 Health has launched three companies to date: ElevateNow, Nivaan Care, and Reveal HealthTech.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-07 |title=W Health Ventures invests $30 million in healthcare venture studio 2070 Health |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/w-health-ventures-invests-30-million-in-healthcare-venture-studio-2070-health/articleshow/100811514.cms |access-date=2024-06-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Other==

Wadhwani is or has been a trustee or director of [[Carnegie Mellon University]], [[George Washington University]], The US Federal Reserve Bank (Pittsburgh Branch), United Way Worldwide, UPMC Health System, Allegheny Conference on Community Development, and Pittsburgh Cultural Trust.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=eHealth |date=2017-11-19 |title=A Leader in His Own Right: Sunil Wadhwani - Elets eHealth |url=https://ehealth.eletsonline.com/2017/11/a-leader-in-his-own-right/ |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=eHealth Magazine}}</ref>

== Business career ==
In 1981, he founded UroTec Systems Corp, and served as its president and CEO until 1986.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=120380&privcapId=45821899|title=Sunil Wadhwani: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg|website=www.bloomberg.com|access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref>

Following his stint with UroTec, he co-founded Mastech Digital Inc., formerly Mastech Inc., serving as its chairman until September 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-officers/MHH.A|title=Mastech Digital {{!}} MHH|website=Reuters|access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/capgemini-technology-services-india-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-3695.cms|title=Capgemini Technology Services India History {{!}} Capgemini Technology Services India Information - The Economic Times|website=economictimes.indiatimes.com|access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://successstory.com/companies/igate|title=IGATE Story - Profile, History, Founder, CEO {{!}} Famous IT Companies {{!}} SuccessStory|website=successstory.com|access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref> Annualized growth of 56% over three years in the late 1990s landed the company on ''BusinessWeek's'' Hot 100 Growth List.<ref name="Bloomberg.com">{{Cite news |date=1999-05-31 |title=Mastech Corp.: The Nabobs Of Networking |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1999-05-31/mastech-corp-dot-the-nabobs-of-networking |access-date=2023-08-31}}</ref>

By the 2000s, the company had expanded to 34 countries in North America, Europe, and Asia. The Indian sub-continent became the company's largest delivery hub. Under his leadership, IGATE recorded revenues of $1.2 billion<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/igate-brought-in-an-intensive-clientcentric-approach-lanny-cohen/article9362229.ece|title=iGate brought in an intensive client-centric approach: Lanny Cohen|work=@businessline|access-date=2018-05-30}}</ref> and grew to 34,000 employees.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IGATE Story - Profile, History, Founder, CEO {{!}} Famous IT Companies {{!}} SuccessStory |url=https://successstory.com/companies/igate |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=successstory.com}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg.com"/>

The company was featured among the five best companies to work at in India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/sep/14/slide-show-1-indias-20-best-it-employers.htm|title=India's 20 best IT employers|work=Rediff|access-date=2018-05-30}}</ref> CareerBliss - based on employee happiness and satisfaction quotients - featured IGATE among the twenty-five best companies to work for in the United States of America.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/18/the-top-25-us-companies-to-work-for-if-you-want-to-be-happier.html|title=The top 25 US companies to work for if you want to be happier|last=Mejia|first=Zameena|date=2018-01-18|work=CNBC|access-date=2018-05-30}}</ref>

By July 2015, French IT company, [[Capgemini]] completed a $4 billion acquisition of IGATE,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/capgemini-to-complete-igate-merger-by-june-rules-out-job-cuts/articleshow/50941396.cms|title=Capgemini to complete iGate merger by June, rules out job cuts|date=2016-02-11|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-05-17}}</ref> recorded as one of the largest deals in the Indian information technology sector.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/capgemini-acquires-igate-for-4-bn-in-all-cash-deal-115042800045_1.html|title=Capgemini acquires IGATE for $4 bn in all-cash deal|last=Reporter|first=B. S.|date=2015-04-28|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2018-05-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/9-people-who-pocketed-millions-all-because-of-theCapgemini-IGate-deal-Heres-how-much-each-of-them-made/articleshow/47079543.cms|title=9 People Who Pocketed Millions: Capgemini-iGate Deal.|work=Business Insider|access-date=2018-05-17}}</ref>

In 2016, Mastech repositioned itself as a digital technologies company - Mastech Digital and continues to be listed on the [[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]] as MHH.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/capgemini-technology-services-india-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-3695.cms|title=Capgemini Technology Services India History {{!}} Capgemini Technology Services India Information - The Economic Times|website=economictimes.indiatimes.com|access-date=2018-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Stock Quotes & Mastech News |url=https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/officer-profile/MHH.A/1246438 |access-date=2018-05-17 |website=Reuters}}</ref>

In addition to currently being part of Mastech Digital's board of directors, Sunil also serves as the [[Managing Partner]] of SWAT Capital.<ref name=":122">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-36206420081030|title=Indian Angel Network invests in French software firm Stelae|last=(VCCircle.com)|first=Madhav A Chanchani|work=U.S.|access-date=2018-05-17}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
In 2023, Time Magazine recognized Wadhwani, along with his brother Romesh, as one of the 100 Most Influential People in Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2023-09-07 |title=TIME100 AI 2023: Romesh and Sunil Wadhwani |url=https://time.com/collection/time100-ai/6308290/romesh-and-sunil-wadhwani/ |access-date=2024-06-18 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref>

He received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Pittsburgh Venture Capital Association at the 23rd PVCA Annual Luncheon in May 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rouvalis |first1=Cristina |title=The 21st Century Entrepreneur |url=https://www.cmu.edu/cmtoday/issues/october-2009-issue/feature-stories/the-21st-century-entrepreneur/ |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=Carnegie Mellon Today |language=en}}</ref>

In 1991, Wadhwani was honored as a Distinguished Alumnus of the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Office of Alumni & Corporate Relations, IIT Madras |url=https://acr.iitm.ac.in/connect-with-your-alma-mater/ |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=acr.iitm.ac.in}}</ref>

Sunil has written articles for publications including ''[[Datamation]]'', ''Systems Integrator'', and ''[[Reader's Digest]]''. He has been quoted in publications such as ''Business Week'', ''The Wall Street Journal'', ''Information Week'', and ''Investors Business Daily''.{{citation needed|date= February 2025}}

== Investments ==
Wadhwani is an angel investor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-23 |title=A New Initiative in India to Help Shape AI for the Benefit of Everyone |url=https://nonprofitquarterly.org/new-initiative-india-help-shape-ai-benefit-everyone/ |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=Non Profit News {{!}} Nonprofit Quarterly}}</ref> He has invested in over 30 early-stage technology companies, and has been on the board in several.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=eHealth |date=2017-11-19 |title=A Leader in His Own Right: Sunil Wadhwani - Elets eHealth |url=https://ehealth.eletsonline.com/2017/11/a-leader-in-his-own-right/ |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=eHealth Magazine}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He is married to Nita. They have a son, Rohan, and a daughter, Shalina.<ref name="cmu.edu">{{cite web|url=https://www.cmu.edu/cmtoday/issues/october-2009-issue/feature-stories/the-21st-century-entrepreneur/index.html|title=The 21st Century Entrepreneur - Carnegie Mellon Today|website=www.cmu.edu|access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wadhwani, Sunil}}
[[Category:1950s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American people of Sindhi descent]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:IIT Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Carnegie Mellon University alumni]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Pittsburgh]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]

Isaiah Jesudason

2026-01-27T22:55:25Z

Kanchin789: added new pg w/ infobox!

{{Short description|Indian bishop (1925–2013)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| name = Isaiah Jesudason
| title = Bishop – in – [[South Kerala Diocese]] (1972-1990)
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| church = Christian
| archdiocese =
| diocese = [[South Kerala Diocese]]
| see = [[Church of South India]]
| term = 1972-1990
| predecessor = [[W. P. Vachalan]]
| successor = [[Samuel Amirtham]]

| ordination = 1955
| ordained_by = [[Arnold Legg]]
| consecration = 5 August 1973<ref name="George"/>
| consecrated_by = [[Ananda Rao Samuel]], Moderator Co-consecrator, [[Lesslie Newbigin]], Deputy Moderator<ref name="George">K. M. George, ''Church of South India: life in union, 1947–1997'', Jointly published by Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and Christava Sahitya Samithi, Tiruvalla, 1999, pp.62-65, 107-109. [https://books.google.com/books?um=1&q=]</ref>
| rank =

| birth_date = 14 February 1925
| birth_place = Kariyil Thottam, [[Amaravila]], [[Kerala]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|06|16|1925|02|14|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Pattom]], [[Kerala]]
| previous_post =[[Principal (academia)|Principal]], [[Kerala United Theological Seminary]], [[Trivandrum]] {{small|(-1972)}}
}}
{{Portal|Christianity}}

'''Bishop I. Jesudasan''' (1925-2013) was the third <ref name="George"/> Bishop-in-[[South Kerala Diocese of the Church of South India]].

==Studies==
Jesudasan studied at seminaries affiliated to India's first<ref>Sankar Ray, The Hindu (Business Line), 11 April 2008 ''Almost a century later, the charter was endorsed officially under the Bengal Govt Act IV of 1918. '' Internet, accessed 30 November 2008. [http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2008/04/11/stories/2008041150100400.htm]</ref> University, the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]]'' {a University under Section 2 (f) of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] Act, 1956}''<ref>The [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]] is a University within the meaning of Section 2 (f) of the UGC Act, 1956 under which a University means a University established or incorporated by or under a Central Act, a Provincial Act or a State Act, and includes any such institution as may, in consultation with the University concerned, be recognised by the Commission in accordance with the regulations made in this behalf under this Act. The UGC took the opinion that the Senate fell under the purview of Section 2 (f) of the said Act since ''The Serampore College Act, 1918'' was passed by the Government of West Bengal.</ref> with degree-granting authority validated by a Danish Charter and ratified by the [[Government of West Bengal]].

He first studied at the [[Kerala United Theological Seminary]], [[Trivandrum]] where he took a [[Licentiate in Theology]] and then at the [[Serampore College]], [[Serampore]] between 1951-1953<ref name="Directory">[[S. J. Samartha]], [[M. P. John]] (Compiled), ''Directory of students 1910-1967'', Serampore College (Theology Department), Serampore, 1967, p.16.</ref> where he took a [[Bachelor of Divinity]] and then the Leonard Theological College, [[Jabalpur]] where he studied for a [[Master of Theology]].<ref name="Kattakada">''Former Moderator Most Rev. I Yesudasn passes away'', Official Website of CSI Parish Kattakada, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala [http://www.csikattakada.in/index.php/news/2014-01-01-12-32-46/news/115-former-moderator-most-rev-i-yesudasn-passes-away] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081454/http://www.csikattakada.in/index.php/news/2014-01-01-12-32-46/news/115-former-moderator-most-rev-i-yesudasn-passes-away |date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> In addition he also studied at the [[Union Theological Seminary (New York City)]] for a [[Master of Sacred Theology]] degree.<ref name="Kattakada"/>

==Career==
While Jesudasan was teaching at the [[Kerala United Theological Seminary]], [[Trivandrum]], he was elected as the third Bishop - in - [[South Kerala Diocese]] and consecrated on 5 August 1973<ref name="George"/> by Moderator, [[N. D. Ananda Rao Samuel]]<ref>Moderator I. R. H. Gnanadason became ill as per the volume by K. M. George, p.104.</ref> and [[Lesslie Newbigin]], the Deputy Moderator.

During the seventeenth [[Church of South India Synod]] held from 10–14 January 1980<ref name="George"/> at the [[Madras Christian College]], [[Tambaram]], Jesudasan was elected as the Deputy Moderator and held the office from 1980 to 1982. Again during the eighteenth [[Church of South India Synod]] held from 11–15 January 1982<ref name="George"/> at [[Vellore]], Jesudasan became the Moderator and held the office three consecutive terms up to 1988.<ref name="George"/>

Jesudasan retired from the bishopric on 14 February 1990<ref name="George"/> on attaining superannuation. The [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]] awarded an honorary doctorate degree upon Jesudasan in 1989.<ref>''List of the Recipients of the Degree of Doctor of Divinity (Honoris Causa)'', Senate of Serampore College (University). [http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/hall-of-fame/doctor-of-divinity/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611041044/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/hall-of-fame/doctor-of-divinity/ |date=11 June 2014 }}</ref>

On 16 June 2013,<ref>''Bishop I. Jesudasan passes away'', The Hindu, June 17, 2013, Thiruvananthapuram. [https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bishop-i-jesudasan-passes-away/article4821953.ece]</ref> Jesudasan died due to ill health.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{Succession box
| before=Hokishe Sema Zairema [[Samuel Amirtham]] 1988| title=[[Senate of Serampore College (University)]] Doctor of Divinity ''[[Honoris Causa]]''
|after=[[Mother Teresa]] M. A. Thomas Earnest Stafford 1991
| years=1989
}}
{{S-rel}}
{{Succession box
| before=[[W. P. Vachalan]] 1966-1972| title=Bishop - in - [[South Kerala Diocese]] [[Church of South India]]
|after=[[Samuel Amirtham]] 1990-1997
| years=1972-1990
}}
{{Succession box
| before=[[Solomon Doraiswamy]] 1978-1980| title=Deputy Moderator [[Church of South India Synod]]|after=[[Sundar Clarke]] 1982-1986
| years=1980-1982
}}
{{Succession box
| before=[[Solomon Doraiswamy]] 1980-1982| title=Moderator [[Church of South India Synod]]|after=[[Victor Premasagar]] 1988-1992
| years=1982-1988
}}
{{S-end}}
{{Moderators of the Church of South India}}
{{Dioceses in the Church of South India}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jesudasan, Isaiah}}
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:21st-century Anglican bishops in India]]
[[Category:Anglican bishops of South Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian Christian theologians]]
[[Category:Senate of Serampore College (University) alumni]]
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:Leonard Theological College alumni]]
[[Category:Moderators of the Church of South India]]

Thai Jashe!

2026-01-18T17:53:53Z

Kanchin789: started a stub w/ refs

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thai Jashe!
| native_name =
| image = Thai Jashe - Movie Poster.jpg
| caption = Official Poster
| director = Nirav Barot
| producer = Ajay Patel
| writer = {{Plain list |
*Nirav Barot
*Jay Bhatt
*Prayag Dave
}}
| screenplay = {{Plain list |
* Nirav Barot
* Jay Bhatt
}}
| starring = {{Plain list |
* [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]]
* [[Malhar Thakar]]
* [[Monal Gajjar]]
}}
| music = Mihir Bhatt
| editing = Nirav Panchal
| cinematography = Tapan Vyas
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|06|03}}
| runtime = 155 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIbj_05_ICo |title=Thai Jashe - Gujarati Film - Malhar Thakar - Manoj Joshi - Monal Gajjar |publisher=[[YouTube]] |access-date=7 May 2018 |archive-date=10 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910035141/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIbj_05_ICo |url-status=live }}</ref>
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| budget = {{INRConvert|2.25|c}}<ref name="budget">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/after-online-leak-of-fourth-film-dhollywood-calls-for-stringent-anti-piracy-rules-2884608/|title=After online leak of fourth film, Dhollywood calls for stringent anti-piracy rules|date=30 June 2016|access-date=1 July 2016|archive-date=1 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701112634/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/after-online-leak-of-fourth-film-dhollywood-calls-for-stringent-anti-piracy-rules-2884608/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross = {{INRConvert|4|c}}<ref name="budget"/>
}}

'''''Thai Jashe!''''' ({{langx|en|Will Be Done!}}) is a 2016 Indian [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati film]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/Gujarati-Urban-Film-Lets-Make-Gujarati-Movies-For-Multiplex-539191939569037/?fref=nf=|title=Gujarati Urban Film Let's Make Gujarati Movies For Multiplex|website=[[Facebook]]|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=10 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910043137/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FGujarati-Urban-Film-Lets-Make-Gujarati-Movies-For-Multiplex-539191939569037%2F%3Ffref%3Dnf%253D|url-status=live}}</ref> written and directed by Nirav Barot.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aev_Nu7vqhI |title=Thai Jashe Official Trailer |publisher=[[YouTube]] |access-date=31 May 2016 |archive-date=2 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602030511/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aev_Nu7vqhI |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dnasyndication.com/showarticlerss.aspx?nid=FHSDH83dPulsWvDsKBPSZ3dPulszO69vYIq0bhMQsVcU8bvK617Fw=|title=Nirav Barot's 'Thai Jashe!'|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307024819/http://dnasyndication.com/showarticlerss.aspx?nid=FHSDH83dPulsWvDsKBPSZ3dPulszO69vYIq0bhMQsVcU8bvK617Fw=|url-status=live}}</ref> It is about the struggles of a middle class man to achieve his goals in the metrocity [[Ahmedabad]]. The film stars [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.dnaindia.com/story.aspx?id=78890&boxid=2899&ed_date=2016-02-19&ed_code=1310009&ed_page=8|title=Manoj Joshi shoots for his forthcoming Gujarati movie 'Thai Jashe!' in Jetpur|website=DNAIndia|date=19 February 2016|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=19 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819185734/http://epaper.dnaindia.com/story.aspx?id=78890&boxid=2899&ed_date=2016-02-19&ed_code=1310009&ed_page=8|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Malhar Thakar]], and [[Monal Gajjar]]. The film was released on 3 June 2016.

==Plot==
Pranav Joshi ([[Malhar Thakar]]) works as an [[industrial design]]er in [[Ahmedabad]]. When his father's dyeing factory in [[Jetpur, Navagadh|Jetpur]] goes bankrupt, his parents are forced to move with him in Ahmedabad. When they are insulted by his land lady, Pranav decides he has had enough and decides to buy his own house in the city.

Pranav and his fiancée Kajal ([[Monal Gajjar]]) finalize a house, but the house owner backs out after the deal is finalized. Pranav resumes his search and finds a house, which is above his budget, but decides to buy it nonetheless. Pranav and Kajal decide to get married so they can avail higher loan as the joint applicants. Pranav manages rest of the amount from friends and his boss, but the bank refuses to approve the loan at the last moment because he works for a proprietary firm. Pranav delivers an impassioned speech and walks out of the bank. In the fortunate turn of events, because of a client work he had done, his firm secures an international client and now it's a private limited firm and Pranav is eligible for the loan again.

The film ends with Pranav, Kajal, and his parents moving into the new house.

==Cast==
* [[Malhar Thakar]] as Pranav Joshi
* [[Monal Gajjar]] as Kajal Bhatt
* [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]] as Chandrakantbhai Joshi
* Kumkum Das as Sarojben Joshi
* Hemang Dave as Deepak Dua
* Maulik Chauhan as Ram<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://urbangujarati.com/2016/03/28/thai-jashe-teaser-2016-stars/|title=Thai Jashe Teaser 2016 - Urban Gujarati Movie Star Cast Release|date=2016-03-28|website=Urban Gujarati|access-date=2017-08-19|archive-date=19 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819231738/http://urbangujarati.com/2016/03/28/thai-jashe-teaser-2016-stars/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/maulik-chauhan/1070491|title=Maulik Chauhan - Movies, Biography, News, Age & Photos {{!}} BookMyShow|website=BookMyShow|access-date=2017-08-19|archive-date=19 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819190131/https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/maulik-chauhan/1070491|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Sharad Vyas as Boss
* Bhavini Jani as Shanti Aunty
* [[Jay Bhatt]] as Pravinbhai
* Parth Raval as Himanshu Shah
* Viral Rachh as Govindbhai
* Atul Patel as Mr. Trivedi
* Subhash Brahmbhatt as Harkantbhai
* Dipti Brahmbhatt as Leelaben

==Production==

===Development===
The film was shot in Ahmedabad and [[Jetpur, Navagadh|Jetpur]] under the production of Kore Films LLP.

===Casting===
The theatre artist and Bollywood actor Manoj Joshi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deshgujarat.com/2016/03/13/manoj-joshi-interacts-about-his-second-gujarati-film-thai-jashe-video/|title=Manoj Joshi interacts about his second Gujarati film 'Thai Jashe' (video)|website=Deshgujarat|date=13 March 2016|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315163818/http://deshgujarat.com/2016/03/13/manoj-joshi-interacts-about-his-second-gujarati-film-thai-jashe-video/|url-status=live}}</ref> was roped in for the role of protagonist’s father. The role of protagonist is played by [[Malhar Thakar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gujaratifilmovies.com/talent-of-gujarat-for-upcoming-urban-gujarati-movies/|title=Chhello Divas Fame Malhar Thakar will play lead role in Thai Jashe!|website=Gujarati Filmovies|date=17 February 2016|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307080801/http://gujaratifilmovies.com/talent-of-gujarat-for-upcoming-urban-gujarati-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref> who last appeared in acclaimed film, [[Chhello Divas]]. The lead female role is played by Monal Gajjar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dnasyndication.com/showarticlerss.aspx?nid=3dPuls2eQAIiMMBM/S3dPulsUzQzYPVetj40RZjP4EvLzpBa5xY94=|title=Monal Gajjar is set to star in Nirav Barot's 'Thai Jashe!'|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307024443/http://dnasyndication.com/showarticlerss.aspx?nid=3dPuls2eQAIiMMBM/S3dPulsUzQzYPVetj40RZjP4EvLzpBa5xY94=|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Thai Jashe!
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = Hemang Dholakia
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|05|10}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/thai-jashe-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1114431794 |title=Thai Jashe (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |publisher=[[iTunes]] |access-date=7 May 2018 |archive-date=8 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508053739/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/thai-jashe-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1114431794 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 22:15
| language = Gujarati
| label = Krup Music
| producer = Kore Films
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

On the event of a music and poster launch of this movie, which was held in Cambey Hotel, Ahmedabad on 10 May 2016, the following soundtrack launched.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.maffat.com/2016/05/thai-jashe-movie-music-and-poster-launched-malhar-thakar-starrer-upcoming-urban-gujarati-film/2/|title='Thai Jashe Movie Music and Poster Launched : Malhar Thakar Starrer Upcoming Urban Gujarati Film.|website=news.maffat.com|date=11 May 2016|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-date=4 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604064959/http://news.maffat.com/2016/05/thai-jashe-movie-music-and-poster-launched-malhar-thakar-starrer-upcoming-urban-gujarati-film/2/|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| all_music = Hemang Dholakia
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length ={{Duration|m=22|s=15}}
| title1 = Aasmani
| lyrics1 = [[Milind Gadhavi]]
| extra1 = [[Parthiv Gohil]]
| length1 = 04:17
| title2 = Doudo Doudo
| lyrics2 = Jay Bhatt
| extra2 = [[Dhvanit Thaker|RJ Dhvanit]]
| length2 = 03:24
| title3 = Thai Jashe
| lyrics3 = [[Milind Gadhavi]]
| extra3 = [[Parthiv Gohil]]
| length3 = 05:57
| title4 = Thai Jashe
| note4 = Version 2
| extra4 = Hemang Dholakia
| lyrics4 = [[Milind Gadhavi]]
| length4 = 05:57
| title5 = Thai Jashe
| note5 = Reprise
| lyrics5 = Jay Bhatt
| extra5 = Hemang Dholakia
| length5 = 02:40
}}

==Release==
The trailer of the film was released on 15 May 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aev_Nu7vqhI|title=Thai Jashe! - Official Trailer|website=YouTube Channel|date=15 May 2016|access-date=31 May 2016|archive-date=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602030511/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aev_Nu7vqhI|url-status=live}}</ref>
The film released on 3 June 2016 in 150 theatres and 350 screens across [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vishwagujarat.com/entertaintment/thai-jashe-is-set-to-release-in-may-2016/|title='Thai Jashe!' is Set to Release in May 2016.|website=Vishwagujarat|date=15 March 2016|access-date=17 March 2016|archive-date=17 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317052701/http://www.vishwagujarat.com/entertaintment/thai-jashe-is-set-to-release-in-may-2016/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="budget"/> The film's copy submitted for certification was leaked online and the makers filed a case with the cyber crime cell.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://buddybits.com/2016/06/gujarati-movie-thai-jashe-leaked-online/|title=Gujarati movie Thai Jashe leaked online!|website=BuddyBits|date=30 June 2016|access-date=29 June 2016|archive-date=30 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630041823/http://buddybits.com/2016/06/gujarati-movie-thai-jashe-leaked-online/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Box office===
The film grossed {{INRConvert|4|c}} in the first four weeks.<ref name="budget"/>

===Critical reception===
[[Abhishek Jain]] praised the all facets of the film and recommended it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/abhishektjain/posts/10154092591646970?pnref=story|title=This Gujarati film has got its heart in the right place, every crew member has given their blood and sweat to the film, go and watch it, NOW!!!|website=[[Facebook]]|date=3 June 2016|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=10 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910044139/https://www.facebook.com/abhishektjain/posts/10154092591646970?pnref=story|url-status=live}}</ref> ''DeshGujarat'' praised the performances, but criticized the story line.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://deshgujarat.com/2016/06/04/review-of-gujarati-movie-thai-jashe/|title=Review of Gujarati movie Thai Jashe!|author=Jayes Adhyaryu|date=4 June 2016|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=6 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606174120/http://deshgujarat.com/2016/06/04/review-of-gujarati-movie-thai-jashe/|url-status=live}} {{rating|2|5}}</ref> BuddyBits rated it with 4/5 stars and said ''Thai Jashe'' is a must take ride into the life of a middle-class family.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://buddybits.com/2016/06/movie-review-thai-jashe/|title=Movie Review: Thai Jashe|author=Nishit Jariwala|date=30 June 2016|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=1 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701045947/http://buddybits.com/2016/06/movie-review-thai-jashe/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
===16th Annual Transmedia Gujarati Screen & Stage awards===

The film received nine nominations, including best film, best story and best director and won four awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gujaratimovies.co.in/2017/02/07/%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE-%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80-%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D/|title=16th Annual Transmedia Gujarati Screen & Stage awards|date=8 February 2017|access-date=25 October 2017|archive-date=8 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208144341/https://gujaratimovies.co.in/2017/02/07/%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE-%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80-%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gujaratimovies.co.in/2017/02/26/%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE-%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8-%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%A8/|title=ટ્રાન્સમીડીયા સ્ક્રીન એન્ડ સ્ટેજ એવોર્ડ્ઝ ૨૦૧૬ ના વિજેતાઓ|date=26 February 2017|access-date=25 October 2017|archive-date=25 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025190038/https://gujaratimovies.co.in/2017/02/26/%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE-%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8-%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%A8/|url-status=live}}</ref>

* '''Best film'''
* '''Best Writer – Nirav Barot & Jay Bhatt'''
* Best actor – [[Malhar Thakar]]
* '''Best actress in supporting role – KumKum Das'''

===2016 Gujarati Iconic Film Awards===

The film received eleven nominations, including best film, best story and best director and won three awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZuASYZO4MA/|title=Gifa award nominations|website=[[YouTube]]|date=16 December 2016|access-date=25 October 2017|archive-date=10 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910044144/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZuASYZO4MA/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://urbangujarati.com/2016/12/20/gifa-awards-2016-winners-list-photos/|title=GIFA Awards 2016 Winners List: 1st Ever Gujarati Film Award Show|date=20 December 2016|access-date=25 October 2017|archive-date=25 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025185004/http://urbangujarati.com/2016/12/20/gifa-awards-2016-winners-list-photos/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujaratheadline.com/ahmedabad-gujarati-iconic-film-awards-gifa-2016-on-17th-december/|title=Ahmedabad: Gujarati Iconic Film Awards GIFA 2016 on 17th December|date=14 December 2016|access-date=25 October 2017|archive-date=25 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025185459/http://www.gujaratheadline.com/ahmedabad-gujarati-iconic-film-awards-gifa-2016-on-17th-december/|url-status=live}}</ref>

* '''Story of the Year- Nirav Barot & Jay Bhatt'''
* Best Supporting Actor – [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]]
* '''Best Supporting Actress – Bhavini Jani'''

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*
*[https://www.facebook.com/thaijashe ''Thai Jashe!'' on Facebook]
* {{IMDb title|5545568}}

[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]
[[Category:2010s Gujarati-language films]]

Mona Vasu

2025-12-20T15:30:09Z

Kanchin789:

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = '''Mona Vasu'''
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2003–present
| known_for = ''[[Miilee]]'' ''[[Radhaa Ki Betiyaan Kuch Kar Dikhayengi]]'' ''[[Parichay – Nayee Zindagi Kay Sapno Ka]]''
| image = Mona_vasu_at_ishq_bector_music_album_launch.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Vasu in 2012
}}
'''Mona Vasu''', also known as '''Mona Wasu''', is an Indian actress who mainly works in [[Hindi]] television. Vasu is best known for playing the titular role of Miilee in ''[[Miilee]]'', Rohini Sharma in ''[[Radhaa Ki Betiyaan Kuch Kar Dikhayengi]]'' and Richa Thakral in ''[[Parichay – Nayee Zindagi Kay Sapno Ka]]''.

==Early life==
She completed her degree in Sociology from [[Sri Venkateswara College]], [[New Delhi]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mona Vasu tells all... |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv-/Mona-Vasu-tells-all/articleshow/3583827.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811071753/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-12/tv/27893652_1_rohini-venky-draupadi |url-status=live |archive-date=11 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 October 2008 |access-date=4 June 2010 |first1=Divya |last1=Pal}}</ref> She moved to [[Mumbai]] to pursue a career in acting.

==Career==
Vasu started her career in 2003 by appearing in many ads for major brands. She hosted the weekly travel show ''Operation Gold'' from 2003 to 2004 on [[STAR Gold]]. The concept of the show was to know about the life of soldiers in the [[Indian Army]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Star Gold trails the men in uniform |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/mar/mar223.htm |work=Indiantelevision.com |date=22 March 2004 |accessdate=4 June 2010 }}</ref> She played a leading role in the 2004 [[Sahara One]] telefilm ''30 Day Trial''. This light hearted rom-com was the story of a much-in-love couple, Nikhil (Kabir Sadanand) and Shailee (Mona Vasu), who are given an opportunity by their fathers, to live together for 30 days, before they decide to actually marry. Co-written by Suhana Bhatia and Rajen Makhijani, this film was nominated for 'Best Script' at the Indian Telly Awards that year.

Between 2005 and 2006, Vasu had played the title role in the [[primetime]] daily [[serial (radio and television)|serial]] ''[[Miilee]]'' on [[Star Plus]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Talking Point with Mona Wasu |url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=123377 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=2 April 2005 |accessdate=4 June 2010 }}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In 2007, she hosted the weekly songs countdown show ''Idea Ek Se Bad Kar Ek'' on [[STAR One|Star One]] which included categories like 'Top 10 Action Heroes', 'Top 10 Love Triangles' and 'Top 10 Sizzling Singles'.

Vasu had played the role of Savita in the TV serial ''Jamegi Jodi.com'' on [[9X (TV channel)|9X]] who is the daughter of Sulbha Arya who runs a match fixing agency, Bandhan. She also did an episodic role in the horror show ''[[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai]]''. From 2008 to 2009, she played the role of Rohini, the eldest daughter, in the prime time [[soap opera]] ''[[Radhaa Ki Betiyaan Kuch Kar Dikhayengi]]'' on [[NDTV Imagine]].<ref name=ht-spec/> In 2009, Vasu starred in an episode of ''[[Specials @ 10]]'' on [[Sony TV]].<ref name=ht-spec>{{cite news | title = Mona Vasu returns with ''Specials @ 10'' | date = 18 March 2009 | newspaper = Hindustan Times | url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/Mona-Vasu-returns-with-Specials-10/Article1-390744.aspx | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130125130715/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Mona-Vasu-returns-with-Specials-10/Article1-390744.aspx | url-status = dead | archive-date = 25 January 2013 | accessdate = 17 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mona Vasu returns as Juhi on Madhur Bhandarkar's Heroine series on Specials @ 10 |url=http://www.sindhtoday.net/entertainment/78937.htm |work=Sindh Today |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=4 June 2010 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

The actress shot to fame, when Vasu won the reality show ''Iss Jungle Se Mujhe Bachao'' (the Indian version of ''I'm A Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here'') in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=TV actress Mona Wasu crowned Jungle Queen of 'Iss Jungle Se...' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/india/TV-actress-Mona-Wasu-crowned-Jungle-Queen-of-Iss-Jungle-Se/articleshow/4973739.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 September 2009 |accessdate=4 June 2010 }}</ref>
She played the role of the antagonist, Richa Thakral in Balaji Telefilms' ''[[Parichay (TV series)|Parichay]]''.
She was cast in the play, ''Red Hot'' directed by Saurabh Shukla which is an adaptation of a comedy play by [[Neil Simon]], ''[[Last of the Red Hot Lovers]]''. It was played in 2011 at Kamani in [[New Delhi]], at Bharat Mahaotsav, the largest theatre festival in Asia and at Chaos, the annual festival of [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|IIM Ahmedabad]].

Since January 2025, Vasu return on TV after 6 years hiatus playing Sonia "Aishwarya" Khanna Raisingh in [[Colors TV]]'s ''Mannat – Har Khushi Paane Ki''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Simran|date=2 January 2025|title=Mona Vasu on Mannat, how OTT changed TV, actors facing discrimination in Bollywood: 'Mere mooh pe..'|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-mona-vasu-on-mannat-how-ott-changed-tv-actors-facing-discrimination-in-bollywood-3125318|access-date=4 January 2025|work=[[DNA India]]|language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Maazii]]''
| Shrishti Singh
|
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Thakkar|first=Mehul|title=Mona Wasu graduates to the silver screen|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Mona-Wasu-graduates-to-the-silver-screen/articleshow/21994382.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826113040/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-23/tv/41440313_1_mona-wasu-ekta-kapoor-silver-screen|url-status=live|archive-date=26 August 2013|access-date=21 January 2014|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Club 60]]''
| Dolly
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/boxoffice/id/687029 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115085721/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/boxoffice/id/687029 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 November 2013 |title=Lifetime box office collections for Club 60|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] }}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2003–2004
| ''Operation Gold''
| Host
|
|
|-
| 2004
| ''[[List of programs broadcast by Sahara One|30 Day Trial]]''
| Shailee
| Telefilm
|
|-
| 2005–2006
| ''[[Miilee]]''
| Miilee Rastogi
|
|
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Ssshhhh... Phir Koi Hai]]''
| Niharika
| Episode: "Victoria No. 401"
|
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat]]''
| Anjali
| Episode: "Lizard"
|
|-
| 2007–2008
| ''[[List of programs broadcast by 9X|Jamegi Jodi.com]]''
| Savita
|
|
|-
| 2007
| ''[[List of programs broadcast by STAR One|Ek Se Bad Kar Ek]]''
| Host
|
|
|-
| 2008–2009
| ''[[Radhaa Ki Betiyaan Kuch Kar Dikhayengi]]''
| Rohini "Meethi" Sharma
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2009
| ''[[Specials @ 10]]''
| Juhi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Iss Jungle Se Mujhe Bachao]]''
| Contestant
| Winner
|
|-
| 2011
| ''Hum - Ek Chote Gaon Ki Badi Kahani''
| Jyoti
|
|
|-
| 2011–2012
| ''[[Parichay – Nayee Zindagi Kay Sapno Ka]]''
| Richa Thakral
|
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Yudh (TV series)|Yudh]]''
| Mona Shekhar
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Guha |first1=Aniruddha |title=Amitabh Bachchan's 'Yudh' - Work of innovation or plunge into plagiarism |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amitabh-bachchan-s-yudh-work-of-innovation-or-plunge-into-plagiarism-2002447 |access-date=27 February 2021 |work=DNA India |date=15 July 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala|Kulfi Kumarr Bajewala]] ''
| Mia
|
|
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Vanshaj]]''
| Shalini Talwar
|
|
|-
| 2025–present
| ''[[Mannat – Har Khushi Paane Ki]]''
| Sonia "Aishwarya" Khanna Raisingh
|
|
|}

====Special appearances====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]''
| Miilee
|
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Ratan Ka Rishta]]''
| Herself
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gatha|Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gaatha]]''
| Chudail
|
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2020
| ''Abki Bari Bipin Bihari''
|
|
|
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Kafas (TV series)|Kafas]]''
| Meghna
| [[SonyLIV]]'s series
|<ref>{{cite news |title=SonyLIV announces premiere date of Sharman Joshi-Mona Singh starrer 'Kafas' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sonyliv-announces-premiere-date-of-sharman-joshi-mona-singh-starrer-kafas/article66993260.ece |access-date=22 June 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 June 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| 2005
| [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| [[Indian Telly Award for Fresh New Face – Female|Fresh New Face – Female]]
| ''[[Miilee]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2005 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/winners.htm|access-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917175616/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/winners.htm|archive-date=2018-09-17|url-status=dead|work=Indian Telly Awards}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|2324046}}

{{Indian Telly Award Fresh New Face Female}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vasu, Mona}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! winners]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Mona Vasu

2025-12-20T15:30:09Z

Kanchin789:

Dumri, Giridih (community development block)

2025-12-16T05:27:53Z

Kanchin789: minor update intro to improve readability further and cleaned formatting

{{For|Community development block with same name in Gumla district|Dumri, Gumla}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dumri
| native_name = {{small|Ḍumrī}}
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| image_map = Dumri in Giridih (Jharkhand).svg
| map_caption = Location in Giridih District
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
| settlement_type = [[Community Development Block]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|23.9915200|N|86.0043030|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Government banner of Jharkhand.png}} [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Giridih district|Giridih]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Subdivision (India)|Subdivision]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Dumri subdivision|Dumri]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Dumri, Giridih|Dumri]]
| parts_type = [[Gram Panchayats|Panchayat]]
| parts = 37 ([[List of CD blocks of Giridih District|4th]])
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Block Development Officer
| leader_name = Anvesha Ona
| leader_title1 = Circle Officer
| leader_name1 = Shashi Bhushan Verma
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank = [[List of CD blocks of Giridih District|3rd]]
| area_total_km2 = 427.34
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 332
| population_total = 226,006
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = [[List of CD blocks of Giridih District|4th]]
| population_density_rank = [[List of CD blocks of Giridih District|6th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 825106 (Dumri) 825167 (Isri Bazar)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 06558
| registration_plate = JH-11
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Giridih (Lok Sabha constituency)|Giridih]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Literacy]]
| blank_info_sec2 = 63.55%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Dumri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dumri]]
| blank3_name_sec1 =
| blank3_info_sec1 =
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Human Sex Ratio|Sex Ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = 943
| website = {{URL|giridih.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Dumri''' ({{langx|hi-Latn|ḍūmri}}, {{IPA|hi|ɖuːmri|pron}}) is a [[Community Development Block in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Dumri sub-division]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ranchi/jharkhand-gets-five-new-sub-divisions/article1-1190747.aspx| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140304220846/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ranchi/jharkhand-gets-five-new-sub-divisions/article1-1190747.aspx| url-status = dead| archive-date = March 4, 2014|title = Jharkhand gets five new sub-divisions| work= HT Ranchi|publisher= Hindustan Times, 4 March 2014| access-date = 6 October 2014}}</ref> of the [[Giridih district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Overview==
Giridih is a plateau region. The western portion of the district is part of a larger central plateau. The rest of the district is a lower plateau, a flat table land with an elevation of about 1,300 feet. At the edges, the ghats drop to about 700 feet. The Pareshnath Hills or [[Shikharji]] rises to a height of 4,480 feet in the south-eastern part of the district. The district is thickly forested. Amongst the natural resources, it has coal and mica.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://giridih.nic.in/more_gir.html | title = Giridih district | work = Welcome to Giridih | publisher = Giridih district administration | access-date = 23 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170911194232/http://www.giridih.nic.in/more_gir.html | archive-date = 11 September 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nativeplanet.com/giridih/attractions/parasnath-hill/ | title= Parashnath Hill, Giridih|publisher= Native Planet | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref> Inaugurating the [[Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana]] in 2016, [[Raghubar Das]], Chief Minister of Jharkhand, had indicated that there were 23 [[lakh]] [[Below Poverty Line (India)|BPL]] families in Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/Chief-minister-launches-Ujjwal-scheme-in-Hazaribag/articleshow/55198362.cms | title= Chief Minister launches Ujjwal scheme in Hazaribag|publisher= The Times of India, 2 November 2016| access-date = 1 November 2017}}</ref> There was a plan to bring the BPL proportion in the total population down to 35%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/Presentations12_13/jharkhand12_13.pdf | title= State 12th Five Year Plan: State Annual Plan 2012-13| work= State of Jharkhand |publisher= Jharkhand Planning Commission | access-date = 1 November 2017}}</ref>

==Maoist activities==
Jharkhand is one of the states affected by [[Naxalite|Maoist]] activities. {{As of|2012}}, Giridih was one of the 14 highly affected districts in the state.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/maoist/Assessment/2013/Jharkhand.htm |title = Jharkhand Assessment 2013 | publisher= Satp | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>{{As of|2016}}, Giridih was identified as one of the 13 focus areas by the state police to check Maoist activities.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.eenaduindia.com/states/east/jharkhand/ranchi/2016/06/14073809/13-focus-areas-identified-in-Jharkhand-to-check-Maoist.vpf | title = 13 focus areas identified in Jharkhand to check Maoist activities | publisher = Eenadu Jndia, 14 June 2016 | access-date = 23 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170927113900/http://www.eenaduindia.com/states/east/jharkhand/ranchi/2016/06/14073809/13-focus-areas-identified-in-Jharkhand-to-check-Maoist.vpf | archive-date = 27 September 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2017, the Moists, in Giridih district, have torched more than 50 vehicles engaged in road construction or carrying goods.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-maoists-torch-9-vehicles-assault-labourers-in-jharkhand-s-giridih-district-384369 | title= Maoista torch 9 vehicles, assault labourers in Jharkhand's Giridih district |publisher= India TV| access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>

==Geography==
Dumri is located at {{coord|23.9915200|N|86.0043030|E |source:yahoomaps_region:IN |format=dms}}.

Dumri CD block is bounded by [[Sariya (community development block)|Sariya]], [[Birni block|Birni]] and [[Giridih block|Giridih]] CD blocks on the north, [[Pirtand block|Pirtand]] CD block on the east, [[Nawadih block|Nawadih]] CD block, in Bokaro district, on the south and [[Bagodar (community development block)|Bagodar]] CD block on the west.<ref name=dchb1>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2004_PART_B_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title= 2011 District Census Handbook Giridih, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Map on Page 3 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/giridh.html | title= CD Block/ Tehsil Map of Giridih|publisher= Maps of India| access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>

Dumri CD block has an area of 427.33 km2. It has 37 [[gram panchayat]]s, 181 inhabited villages and 2 [[census town]]s. [[Dumri, Giridih|Dumri]] and [[Asurbandh#Police station|Nimiyaghat]] police stations serve this block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://desjharkhand.nic.in/publications.html | title = District Statistical Handbook, Giridih | work = Tables 2.1, 2.4 | publisher = Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Jharkhand | access-date = 23 September 2017 }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at Dumri. 4.48% of the area has forest cover.<ref name=dchb1/><ref name=admin>{{cite web | url = http://giridih.nic.in/block.html | title = Giridih | publisher = District Administration, Giridih | access-date = 23 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110527171358/http://giridih.nic.in/block.html | archive-date = 27 May 2011 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The [[Jamunia River]] runs near the [[Grand Trunk Road]] from around [[Bagodar]] to past Dumri and then turns south, forms the border between Dhanbad and Bokaro districts and joins the [[Damodar River|Damodar]].<ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5ROvfeX34PAC&q=Lister+Hazaribagh+River+Bokaro&pg=PA9 | title = Hazaribagh | first=Edward| last=Lister | work= p. 9 | date = October 2009 | publisher = BiblioBazaar | isbn = 9781115792776 | access-date = 2010-06-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.jharkhandforest.com/files/dhanbad_ns.pdf | title = Name and Situation | publisher = Jharkhand Forest Division | access-date = 2010-06-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110713104807/http://www.jharkhandforest.com/files/dhanbad_ns.pdf | archive-date = 2011-07-13 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s in Dumri CD block are: Sasarkho, Nagabad, Khudisar, Jitkundi, Jaridih, Barki Bergi, Behra Suiadih, Parsabeda, Atki, Chhachhando, Chainpur, Kalhawawar, Chengro, Chino, Kulgo (N), Kulgo (S), Dumri, Amra, Bharkhar, Tengra Khurd, Asurbadh, Dumarchutio, Madh Gopali, JamRtara, Isri Bazar (N), Isri Bazar (S), Ranga Matti, Laxmantunda, Kheratunda, Roshnatunda, Balutunda, Lohedih, Nagri, Poraiya, Balthariya, Shankardih and Thakurchak.<ref name=admin/>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]] Dumri CD block had a total population of 226,006, of which 210,002 were rural and 16,004 were urban. There were 116,397 (52%) males and 109,609 (48%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 40,281. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 23,045 (10.20%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 23,547 (10.42%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>

[[Census town]]s in Dumri CD block are (2011 census population figure in brackets): [[Isri]] (9,749) and [[Jamtara, Giridih|Jamtara]] (6,255).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
{{As of|2011}} census the total number of literate persons in Dumri CD block was 118,024 (63.55% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 74,181 (67.68% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 43,483 (48.66% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 19.02%.<ref name=census2011/>

{{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Giridih district was 63.14% <ref name=censushandbook2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2004_PART_B_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Giridih 2011 Series- 21, Part XII B|work= Page 17 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref> Literacy in Jharkhand was 66.41% in 2011.<ref name=censushandbook2011/> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/literacy.php | title= Literacy in India| work= Census 2011 |publisher= Census population 2015 data | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Giridh district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Dumri CD block (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Jharkhand|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11377/download/14490/DDW20C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|74.58}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|22.86}}
{{bar percent|Other*|maroon|1.85}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.71}}
|caption=*mainly tribal religions like [[Sarnaism|Sarna]]
}}

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Dumri block (2011)<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10207/download/13319/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Khortha language|Khortha]] |value1 = 75.80 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 9.77 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value3 = 9.29 |color3 = darkturquoise
|label4 = [[Urdu]] |value4 = 4.65 |color4 = green
|label5 = Others |value5 = 0.49 |color5 = grey
}}

Khortha is the main spoken language. Hindi is the official language. Urdu and Santali are also spoken.

==Rural poverty==
40-50% of the population of Giridih district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Godda, Koderma and Hazaribagh districts.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhad, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 8 December 2020}}</ref> Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Jharkhand%20presentation.pdf | title = Eliminating poverty | publisher = Jharkhand government | access-date = 8 December 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
| caption = '''Livelihood in Dumri CD block'''
| value1 = 24.53
| label1 = Cultivators
| value2 = 47.69
| label2 = Agricultural labourers
| value3 = 2.29
| label3 = Household industries
| value4 = 25.59
| label4 = Other Workers
}}

In Dumri CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 23,113 and formed 24.43%, agricultural labourers numbered 45,113 and formed 47.69%, household industry workers numbered 2,164 and formed 2.29% and other workers numbered 24,203 and formed 25.59%. Total workers numbered 94,593 and formed 41.85% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 131,493 and formed 58.15% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Giridih, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 52 and 58 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 16 November 2017}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title= District Census Handbook 2011 Giridih, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Pages 17-18 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 16 November 2017}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 181 inhabited villages in Dumri CD block. In 2011, 117 villages had power supply. 4 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 176 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 163 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 23 villages had post offices, 13 villages had a sub post office, 12 villages had telephones (land lines) and 98 villages had mobile phone coverage. 178 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 30 villages had bus service (public/ private), 30 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, and 46 villages had tractors. 20 villages had bank branches, 6 villages had agricultural credit societies, 1 village had cinema/ video hall, 3 villages had public library and public reading room. 68 villages had [[public distribution system]], 20 villages had weekly haat (market) and 98 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Giridih, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 1176-1178 Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 21 November 2017}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Hills occupy a large portion of Giridih district. The soil is generally rocky and sandy and that helps jungles and bushes to grow. The forest area, forming a large portion of total area, in the district is evenly distributed all over. Some areas near the rivers have [[Alluvium|alluvial]] soil. In Dumri CD block, the percentage of cultivable area to total area is 22.87%. The percentage of cultivable area to the total area for the district, as a whole, is 27.04%. Irrigation is inadequate. The percentage of irrigated area to cultivable area in Dumri CD block is 8.98%. May to October is the [[Kharif crop|Kharif season]], followed by the [[Rabi crop|Rabi season]]. Rice, sown in 50% of the gross sown area, is the main crop in the district. Other important crops grown are: maize, wheat, sugar cane, pulses and vegetables.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Giridih, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 9: Forest, flora and fauna, Page 11, Soil and cropping pattern, and Land use pattern, Page 73, Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land use | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 21 November 2017}}</ref>

===Coal mining===
Coal is mined in Dumri CD block.<ref name=admin/>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Giridih district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 23 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{Asansol-Gaya section|collapse=y}}
The [[Asansol-Gaya section]], a part of the [[Grand Chord]], [[Howrah-Gaya-Delhi line]] and [[Howrah-Allahabad-Mumbai line]], passes through this block. [[Parasnath railway station]] and [[Nimiaghat railway station]] are on this line.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-asansol-varanasi-memu-63553/15486/7/334 | title= 53521 => 63553 Asansol-Varanasi MEMU | work= Time Table |publisher= Indiarailinfo | access-date = 23 September 2017}}</ref>

[[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] (old numbering NH 2)/ [[Grand Trunk Road]] passes through this CD block.<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=23 September 2017|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Google maps</ref>

==Education==
Dumri CD block had 30 villages with pre-primary schools, 165 villages with primary schools, 91 villages with middle schools, 12 villages with secondary schools, 5 villages with senior secondary schools, 1 general degree college, 15 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf| title= District Census Handbook Giridih, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Page 1175-1176 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 8 December 2020}}</ref>
 .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

* Parashnath Mahavidyalaya was established at [[Isri|Isri Bazar]] in 1985. Affiliated with [[Vinoba Bhave University]] it offers bachelor's courses in arts, science and commerce.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://parasnathmahavidyalay.in/SSR%20OF%20PARASNATH%20MAHAVIDYALAY%20,%20ISRI%20BAZAR%20(GIRIDIH).pdf |title = Self study report of Parashnath Mahavidyalaya |publisher= PM| access-date = 2 December 2017}}</ref>
*Jharkhand College was established at [[Dumri, Giridih|Dumri]] in 1985. It is affiliated with [[Vinoba Bhave University]]. It offers courses in arts, science and commerce.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://jharkhandcollege.com/#home | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040321023537/http://jharkhandcollege.com/#home | url-status = usurped | archive-date = March 21, 2004 | title= Jharkhand College, Dumri|publisher= JCD| access-date = 17 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Colleges under VBU |url=http://vbu.ac.in/colleges-under-vbu-2/ |access-date=17 December 2020 |publisher=Vinoba Bhave University}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Dumri CD block had 1 village with community health centre, 1 village with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]], 12 villages with primary health subcentres, 4 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 5 villages with allopathic hospitals, 6 villages with dispensaries, 4 villages with family welfare centres, 26 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==External links==
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Parasnath Hills}}

{{Blocks of Giridih district}}
{{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Giridih district]]
[[Category:Mining communities in Jharkhand]]

Meron Junction Bus 361 attack

2025-12-14T10:12:05Z

Kanchin789: fixed issues

{{Short description|Hamas suicide bombing in 2002}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}{{Infobox terrorist attack
| title = Meron Junction Bus 361 attack
| partof = the [[Second Intifada]] militancy campaign
| map = {{Location map|Israel northeast|caption=|float=center}}
|map_caption=The attack site
| location = Meron Junction, [[Israel]]
| native_name = הפיגוע בקו 361 בצומת מירון
| native_name_lang = he
| coordinates = {{coord|32|59|18|N|35|26|37|E|display=inline,title}}
| target =
| date = {{start date and age|2002|08|04}}
| time = {{Circa}} 8:45 am
| time-begin =
| time-end =
| timezone = UTC+2
| type = [[Suicide bombing]]
| weapon = [[Suicide vest]]
| fatalities = 6 Israeli civilians and 3 soldiers (+1 bomber)
| injuries = 38
| perps =
| perpetrator = [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility
| numpart = 1
}}
On August 4, 2002, a [[Palestinian suicide attacks|Palestinian suicide bomber]] from the militant group [[Hamas]] conducted a [[suicide bombing]] aboard an [[Egged (company)|Egged]] bus at the Meron junction in northern Israel near [[Safed]]. In addition to the bomber, six Israeli civilians, and three Israeli soldiers were killed. Thirty-eight people were injured.<ref name="salaries" /><ref name="CNN">{{cite news |title=Latest terror attacks kill 12 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/08/04/mideast/ |access-date=22 September 2023 |work=CNN |date=2002-08-04}}</ref>

[[Hamas]] subsequently publicly claimed responsibility for the attack, claiming it was in retaliation for an Israeli airstrike against a Hamas commander and to express displeasure with a UN-sponsored investigation into the Israeli incursion into the Jenin refugee camp that April.<ref name="CNN" />

[[Saeb Erakat]] condemned the attack, and Palestinian minister [[Nabil Shaath]] claimed that Palestinians were continuing to try to halt attacks on Israel, despite the Israeli actions. The bus attack occurred a week after the [[Hebrew University bombing]], in which a Palestinian attacker affiliated with Hamas killed 9 people.<ref name="CNN" />

On 27 August, Israeli authorities arrested 7 Arab-Israelis, all members of the same family, who allegedly assisted the bomber. According to police, the suspects helped store explosives in a nursery school, dressed the bomber as a tourist, and scouted the target.<ref name="LAT">{{cite news |title=7 Israeli Arabs Arrested in Bus Bombing |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-aug-27-fg-mideast27-story.html |access-date=22 September 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=2002-08-27}}</ref>

In 2019, Israeli Defense Minister [[Naftali Bennett]] signed an order enabling Israel to seize "[[pay-for-slay]]" payments from the Palestinian Authority to Arab Israelis convicted on terrorism charges. This order included two prisoners who Israeli claimed assisted the Meron Junction bomber.<ref name="salaries">{{cite news |last1=Oster |first1=Marcy |title=Israel will seize 'pay for slay' salaries paid to Arab-Israeli prisoners |url=https://www.jta.org/quick-reads/israel-will-seize-pay-for-slay-salaries-paid-to-arab-israeli-prisoners |access-date=22 September 2023 |work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=2019-12-26}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Terrorist attacks against Israelis in the 2000s}}
{{Palestinian militancy attacks in the 2000s}}
{{Hamas}}
[[Category:2002 mass murders]]
[[Category:Hamas suicide bombings of buses]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Israel in 2002]]
[[Category:August 2002 in Asia]]
[[Category:Israeli casualties in the Second Intifada]]
[[Category:Suicide bombings in 2002]]
[[Category:August 2002 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:20th-century mass murders in Israel]]
[[Category:2002 murders in Israel]]
[[Category:Suicide bombings in Israel]]

Goopy–Bagha

2025-11-28T07:58:52Z

Kanchin789: Done

{{short description|Indian Bengali fantasy adventure comedy film series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox media franchise
| title = ''Goopy–Bagha''
| image =
| caption =
| creator = [[Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury]]
| origin = ''Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne'' (early 1910s)
| owner =
| years =
| short_stories = ''Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne'' (early 1910s)
| books =
| comics =
| films = {{plainlist|
;Live-action
* ''[[Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne]]'' (1969)
by [[Satyajit Ray]]
* ''[[Hirak Rajar Deshe]]'' (1980)
by [[Satyajit Ray]]
* ''[[Goopy Bagha Phire Elo]]'' (1992)
by [[Satyajit Ray|Satyajit]] and [[Sandip Ray]]
; Animated
* ''[[Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya|Gupi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya]]'' (2014)
}}
| shorts =
| atv =
| musicals =
| vgs =
| soundtracks =
* ''[[Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne#Soundtrack and other songs|Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Hirak Rajar Deshe#Songs|Hirak Rajar Deshe]]'' (1980)
* ''[[Goopy Bagha Phire Elo#Soundtrack|Goopy Bagha Phire Elo]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya#Soundtrack|Goopy Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya]]'' (2014)
| website =
}}
'''''Goopy–Bagha''''' is a series of Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Fantasy film|fantasy]] [[Adventure film|adventure]] [[Comedy film|comedy]] films. The series is based on a story by [[Satyajit Ray]]'s grandfather [[Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury]].<ref name="Seton2003">{{cite book|author=Marie Seton|title=Portrait of a Director: Satyajit Ray|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVILvhgqN6QC&pg=PA313|access-date=13 October 2012|date=1 June 2003|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-302972-4|pages=313–}}</ref><ref name="RayCardullo2007">{{cite book|author1=Satyajit Ray|author2=Bert Cardullo|title=Satyajit Ray: Interviews|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fQYs4X5d9WAC&pg=PR36|access-date=13 October 2012|date=1 March 2007|publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi|isbn=978-1-57806-937-8|pages=36–}}</ref> The first two films ''[[Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne]]'' (1969) and its sequel ''[[Hirak Rajar Deshe]]'' (1980) were directed by [[Satyajit Ray]], and the third, ''[[Goopy Bagha Phire Elo|Gupi Bagha Phire Elo]]'' (1992)'','' was directed by his son [[Sandip Ray]]. The trilogy starred [[Tapen Chatterjee]] and [[Rabi Ghosh]] as Goopy and Bagha, respectively. The 2013 [[Hindi language|Hindi]]-language animated film ''[[Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya]]'' was based on the story ''Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne''. The film is directed by [[Shilpa Ranade]].

== Satyajit Ray series ==
=== ''Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne'' (1969) ===
{{Main|Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne}}
The story revolves around Gopinath Gayin (alias Gupi, played by [[Tapen Chatterjee]]), the son of a poor grocer Kanu Kyne from a village called Amloki. Goopy wants to become a singer but has a hoarse voice. Persuaded by village elders to sing for the king, he does so and is driven out of Amloki on a donkey for waking the king with his terrible singing. Exiled into a forest, he meets Bagha ([[Rabi Ghosh]]), another exile from nearby Hortuki sent to the forest – in Bagha's case, due to playing the drum badly. They start singing and drumming, initially to scare off a roaming tiger, and in the process, they attract a group of [[Ghosts in Bengali culture|ghosts]] who are fascinated by their music. The king of ghosts grants them three boons:

* They can get food and clothes whenever needed by clapping their hands.
* They are given a pair of magic slippers with which they can travel anywhere.
* They gain the ability to hold people in awe (literally, their music renders people motionless) with their music.

They travel to [[Shundi (fictional kingdom)|Shundi]], where a benevolent king appoints them court musicians. However, the king of [[Halla (fictional kingdom)|Halla]] (the long lost brother of the king of Shundi) is planning to attack Shundi, after being poisoned with magic potion that makes him evil, given to the king of Halla by his self-centered prime minister. Goopy and Bagha travel to Halla in an attempt at preventing the attack, but are captured instead. Since they have now lost their slippers, they can't escape by magic, but manage to do so instead by strategy. They arrive singing and drumming when the soldiers are about to launch their attack, capturing the king of Halla, who is returned to Shundi. The two brothers are reunited and Goopy and Bagha marry the daughters of the two kings.

=== ''Hirak Rajar Deshe'' (1980) ===
{{Main|Hirak Rajar Deshe}}
The magically musical duo of Goopy Gyne and Bagha Byne make a comeback in this sequel, where they are invited to the court of the Hirak Raja (The Diamond King), for their musical skills. They are to perform at the kingdom's Jubilee Celebrations.

Goopy and Bagha are bored with their lives as crown princes of Shundi and Halla. They are looking for a change, which comes in the form of a chance to visit Hirak Rajya (Land of Diamonds), known for its huge diamond mines. They jocundly set out for Hirak Rajya.
They are unaware of the machinations of Aishik Rehman ([[Utpal Dutt]]). The king is a tyrant. Diamonds and riches get pent up in his treasuries, while his subjects suffer. Those who protest are taken care of in the 'Jantarmantar', a chamber for brainwashing devised by the scientist ([[Santosh Dutta]]), who the king mocks calling as "Gobeshok Gobochondro Gyanotirtho Gyanorotno Gyanambudhi Gyanochuramoni". His ministers are mere puppets. The only enemy the king has in his land is Udayan Pandit ([[Soumitra Chatterjee]]). He is a school teacher and, more than that, he is a believer of values. The king forcefully closes his school down. Udayan flees to hide in the mountains.

Meanwhile, Goopy and Bagha are on their way to Hirok Rajya. By coincidence, they meet Udayan, who intimates them of the king's true nature. The two impress Udayan with their magical powers, who plans to use them against the tyrant. Goopy and Bagha agree. The duo then head into Hirok Rajya, where they are welcomed with grandeur. They entertain the rogue king, fooling him into believing that they think he is great. They rob the treasury (which was guarded by a tiger) using their magical music, for bribing the guards.

The king has his tricks, too. He captures Udayan and all his students, and takes them to the Jantarmantar for brainwashing. But Goopy Bagha have already reached there using their magical powers. They have also bribed the Gobeshok onto their side, with the guards. On reaching the laboratory, the king and his ministers are stunned magically by Goopy's singing and then pushed into the Brainwashing machine. After the king is brainwashed he turns to goode, he then along with the villagers pull down his own statue situated at the center of the village, and everything goes back to normal in the land of Hirak Raja.

=== ''Goopy Bagha Phire Elo'' (1992) ===
{{Main|Goopy Bagha Phire Elo}}
Goopy Gyne and Bagha Byne have ruled the kingdom of Shundi and are bored of royal luxuries. They want to get back to the days of adventure they had enjoyed all their lives, but age comes in the way. They leave the kingdom in search of new experiences. Finally, they reach Anandagarh and win the king's heart with their musical abilities and powers. In the court room they meet Brahmananda Acharya, who invites Goopy and Bagha to come to Anandagarh fort. When they go to his place he offers them a job to steal three valuable stones, making use of their miraculous powers gifted by Bhuter Raja (King of Ghosts). In return he promises to make them 20 years younger. They steal two rare stones with a hope to become young again.

However, in their dream the King of Ghost appears and advises them to keep off injustice. They apologise to him and return the stones to the respective owners. Brahmananda Acharya had gained immense powers, as shown when he was not rendered motionless when they sang in front of the court. But for his greed for rare and valuable stones, he was not offered immortality. It was foretold of the 12-year boy, Bikram, with divine powers, would defeat him. To prevent his death, Brahmananda Acharya had all the boys in Anandagarh, who were 12 years old and were named Bikram, kidnapped by his soldiers. He hypnotized them, making them his servants. In the end, Goopy and Bagha find out that one boy named Kanu was previously named Bikram. He was to receive divine powers at the age of 12. He, along with Goopy and Bagha, goes towards Anandagarh fort. There, as Bikram entered the fort and came close to Brahmananda Acharya, the Acharya sank beneath the ground, signifying that he had been destroyed. His valuable stones also vanished.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gomolo.in/Movie/MovieAwards.aspx?mid=14792 |title=Goopy Bagha Phire Elo in Gomolo.in |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004164357/http://www.gomolo.in/Movie/MovieAwards.aspx?mid=14792 |archive-date=4 October 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Future ===
[[Sandip Ray]] wanted to make another sequel to this series. He had received many requests to make the fourth ''Goopy–Bagha'' movie. Ray said to [[The Times of India]] about the plot of fourth film: "Making a Goopy Bagha movie without Tapen and Rabi is unthinkable. The only way I can do a fourth is by taking the story forward and introducing Goopy and Bagha's sons". The idea to weave a story around the next generation came from a line from the introductory song 'Mora dujonai rajar jamai in 'Hirak Rajar Deshe' — "aar ache polapan, ek khan ek khan... (we have one child each)".<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Satyajit-Rays-son-plan-sequel-of-fathers-films/articleshow/23075040.cms Satyajit Ray's son plan sequel of father's films]</ref>

== Animated adaptations ==
''[[Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya]]'' is an Indian animated film made in [[Hindi language|Hindi]], based on these two characters ''Goopy'' and ''Bagha''. The film is directed by [[Shilpa Ranade]].

The film won and was nominated for several awards:
* [[International Animated Film Association|ASIFA]] (India) for Best Professional Animated Feature Film (Won)
* 18th [[ICFF]] (Hyderabad) for Best Artwork (Won)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dearcinema.com/news/batul-mukhtiar-wins-golden-elephant-kaphal-icffi-2013/1701 |title=Kaphal, Tamaash, Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya win at Intl. Children's Film Festival of India | DearCinema.com |access-date=2014-07-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728221059/http://dearcinema.com/news/batul-mukhtiar-wins-golden-elephant-kaphal-icffi-2013/1701 |archive-date=28 July 2014 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.animationxpress.com/index.php/latest-news/arjunthe-warrior-prince-goopi-gawaiya-bagha-bajaiya-win-at-18th-intl-childrens-film-festival-india|title = Arjun:The Warrior Prince & Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya Win at 18th Intl. Children's Film Festival India|date = 22 November 2013}}</ref>
* The WIFTS Award (Los Angeles) (Won)
* [[Asia Pacific Screen Awards|APSA]] (Brisbane Australia) for [[Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Animated Feature Film|Best Animated Feature]] (Nominated)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.asiapacificscreenacademy.com/2013/11/2013-asia-pacific-screen-awards-nominees/|title= Full List: 2013 APSA Nominees|access-date= 2013-11-12|work= asiapacificscreenacademy.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.filmbiz.asia/news/omar-and-japan-lead-apsa-nominations|title= Omar and Japan lead APSA nominations|date= 2013-11-11|access-date= 2013-11-12|work= [[Film Business Asia]]|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131114232015/http://www.filmbiz.asia/news/omar-and-japan-lead-apsa-nominations|archive-date= 14 November 2013|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiapacificscreenacademy.com/nomsarchive/goopi-gawaiya-bagha-bajaiya-the-world-of-goopi-and-bagha/|title=GOOPI GAWAIYA BAGHA BAJAIYA (THE WORLD OF GOOPI AND BAGHA)|website=asiapacificscreenacademy.com|archive-date=21 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221033631/http://www.asiapacificscreenacademy.com/nomsarchive/goopi-gawaiya-bagha-bajaiya-the-world-of-goopi-and-bagha/}}</ref>

== Cast and characters ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="100%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Character
! colspan="3" | Live-action Films
! colspan="1" | Animated Film
|-
! width:10%;"| ''[[Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne]]'' (1969)
! width:10%;"| ''[[Hirak Rajar Deshe]]'' (1980)
! width:10%;"| ''[[Goopy Bagha Phire Elo]]'' (1992)
! width:10%;"| ''[[Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya]]'' (2014)
|-
! [[Goopy Gyne]]
| colspan="3" | [[Tapen Chatterjee]]
| style="background: #ffffdd" | Animated Rajeev Raj (voice)
|-
! [[Bagha Byne]]
| colspan="3" | [[Rabi Ghosh]]
| style="background: #ffffdd" | Animated Manish Bhawan (voice)
|-
! King of [[Shundi (fictional kingdom)|Shundi]]
| colspan="2" | [[Santosh Dutta]]
| {{N/A|''Mentioned only''}}
| style="background: #ffffdd" | Animated
|-
! King of [[Halla (fictional kingdom)|Halla]]
| [[Santosh Dutta]]
| {{N/A|''Mentioned only''}}
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| style="background: #ffffdd" | Animated
|-
! Borfi (The Magician)
| [[Harindranath Chattopadhyay]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| style="background: #ffffdd" | Animated
|-
! Prime Minister of Halla
| [[Jahor Roy]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| style="background: #ffffdd" | Animated
|-
! King of Ghosts
| Prasad Mukherjee [[Satyajit Ray]] (voice)
| {{N/A|''Mentioned only''}}
| Prasad Mukherjee Satyajit Ray (voice)
| style="background: #ffffdd" | Animated Shailendra Pandey (voice)
|-
! Hirak Raja
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| [[Utpal Dutt]]
| {{N/A|''Mentioned only''}}
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
|-
! Udayan Pandit
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| [[Soumitra Chatterjee]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
|-
! Gobeshok Gobochondro Gyanotirtho
Gyanorotno Gyanambudhi Gyanochuramoni
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| [[Santosh Dutta]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
|-
! Fazl Mia
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| Sunil Sarkar
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
|-
! Balaram
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| Nani Ganguli
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
|-
! Bidusak
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| Ajoy Banerjee
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
|-
! King of Anandagarh
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| [[Haradhan Bandopadhyay]]
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
|-
! Brahmananda Acharya
| colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| [[Ajit Bandyopadhyay (actor)|Ajit Bandyopadhyay]]
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
|}

== Accolades ==
=== National ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="100%"
|-
! style="width:214px;" rowspan="2"| Award
! colspan="3" | Film
|-
! style="width:130px;"| ''[[Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne]]''
! style="width:130px;"| ''[[Hirak Rajar Deshe]]''
! style="width:130px;"| ''[[Goopy Bagha Phire Elo]]''
|-
| '''[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]]'''
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won ([[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali|In Bengali]])
|
|-
| '''[[National Film Award for Best Direction|Best Direction]]'''
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won ([[Satyajit Ray]])
|
|
|-
| '''[[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Direction]]'''
|
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won (Satyajit Ray)
|
|-
| '''[[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]'''
|
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won ([[Anup Ghoshal]])
|
|}

=== Other ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="100%"
|-
! Film
! Occasion
! Award
! Awardee
! Result
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |''[[Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne]]''
| [[Adelaide Film Festival]]
| Silver Cross
| ''Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne''
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| [[Tokyo]]
| Merit Award
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| [[Auckland Film Festival]]
| Best Director
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| [[Melbourne International Film Festival]]
| Best Film
| rowspan="2" |''Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne''
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| [[19th Berlin International Film Festival]]
| Golden Bear
| style="background:#dfd;"| Nominated
|-
| ''[[Hirak Rajar Deshe]]''
| [[Cyprus International Film Festival]]
| Special Award
| Satyajit Ray
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |''[[Goopy Bagha Phire Elo]]''
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |[[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|BFJA Awards]]
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Indian Films Award|Best Indian Films]]
| ''Goopy Bagha Phire Elo''
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Editor Award|Best Editing]]
| [[Dulal Dutta]]
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Art Director|Best Art Direction]]
| [[Ashok Bose]]
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Cinematographer Award|Best Choreography]]
| [[Barun Raha]]
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Lyricist Award|Best Lyrics]]
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |Satyajit Ray
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Music Director Award|Best Music]]
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Male Playback Award|Best Playback Singer (Male)]]
| [[Anup Ghoshal]]
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Most Outstanding Work of the Year Award|Most Outstanding Work of the Year]]
| [[Tapen Chatterjee]]
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |''[[Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya]]''
| [[International Animated Film Association]] (India)
| Best Professional Animated Feature Film
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |''Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya''
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| 18th [[ICFF]] (Hyderabad)
| Best Artwork
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| The WIFTS Award (Los Angeles)
|
| style="background:#90ff90" | Won
|-
| [[Asia Pacific Screen Awards]] (Brisbane Australia)
| [[Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Animated Feature Film|Best Animated Feature Film]]
| style="background:#dfd;"| Nominated
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070430074555/http://www.satyajitray.org/films/goopy.htm ''Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne'' (SatyajitRay.org)]
* {{IMDb title|qid=Q639416}}
* {{IMDb title|qid=Q717365}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140211002205/http://satyajitray.ucsc.edu/films/hirakrajardeshe.html Satyajit Ray Film and Study Collection, UCSC]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140930030236/http://www.satyajitray.org/films/hirak_rajar_deshe.htm satyajitray.org on this film]
* {{IMDb title|qid=Q5584006}}
* [https://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A65190918 BBC-h2g2 Entry: Satyajit Ray's ''Goopy-Bagha'' trilogy]

{{Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne}}
{{Satyajit Ray |state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian film series]]
[[Category:Comedy film series]]
[[Category:Fantasy film series]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goopy-Bagha}}

Badre Alam Merathi

2025-11-09T18:32:19Z

Kanchin789: Adding Basic Article V1 - done

{{Short description|Hadith scholar and poet (1898–1965)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = '''{{Colour|royalblue|Qutb al-Aarifeen}}''' [[Mawlānā]]
| name = Badre Alam Merathi
| native_name = بدر عالم میرٹھی
| native_name_lang = ur
| birth_place = [[Budaun district|Budaun]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| birth_date = {{birth date text|1898}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1965|10|29|1898|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Medina]]
| resting_place = [[Al-Baqi Cemetery]]
| alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|[[Mazahir Uloom]]|[[Darul Uloom Deoband]]}}
| module = {{Infobox religious biography
| embed = yes
| religion = Islam
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi school|Hanafi]]
| movement = [[Deobandi movement|Deobandi]]
| main_interests = {{Unbulleted list|[[Hadith studies]]|[[Poetry]]}}
| notable_works = {{unbulleted list|''[[Fayd al-Bari]]''|''[[Tarjuman al-Sunnah]]''}}
| teacher = {{unbulleted list|[[Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri]]|[[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]]|[[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]]|[[Zafar Ahmad Usmani]]|[[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani]]|[[Asghar Hussain Deobandi]]}}
| influences = [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]
| students = [[Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda]]
}}
}}
'''Badre Alam Merathi''' ({{langx|ur|بدر عالم میرٹھی}}; 1898 – 29 October 1965) was a mid-twentieth-century hadith scholar and poet originally from [[Meerut district|Meerut]], initially migrated to Pakistan and eventually settled in [[Medina]]. Best known as the interpreter of [[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]]'s teachings, he was a disciple of both Kashmiri and [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]].<ref name=":Kaleem">{{Cite thesis |last=Kaleem |first=Mohd |title=Contribution of Old boys of Darul uloom Deoband in Hadith Literature |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/364028 |type=PhD |page=174 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024044219/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |url-status=live}}</ref> Educated at [[Mazahir Uloom]] and [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], he taught at both institutions and [[Jamia Islamia Talimuddin]]. During his tenure at Jamia Islamia Talimuddin, he compiled ''[[Fayd al-Bari]]'', a four-volume Arabic commentary on ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', published in [[Cairo]] with financial support from [[Jamiatul Ulama South Africa|Jamiatul Ulama Transvaal]], considered a masterpiece in hadith commentary.<ref name=":Kaleem" /> He was also associated with [[Nadwatul Musannifeen]] and authored ''[[Tarjuman al-Sunnah]]'', a 4-volume hadith explanation designed for contemporary needs, widely acknowledged in academic circles.<ref name=":Riyasathullah">{{Cite thesis |last=Riyasathullah |first=Mohamed |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/295877 |title=Ahadees Kay Urdu Tarajim |publisher=Department of Arabic, [[University of Madras]] |year=2012 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/295877 |type=PhD |access-date=2023-10-25 |archive-date=2023-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025050302/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/295877 |url-status=live |page=95}}</ref> In his final years, he focused on teaching hadith in [[Prophet's Mosque]], where many South Africans pledged allegiance to him, expanding his spiritual influence in South Africa.<ref name=":Rizwi">{{Cite book |last=Rizwi |first=Syed Mehboob |url=https://archive.org/details/2VolumeBookOnTheHistoryOfDarAlUlumDeoband |title=History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband |publisher=Idara-e Ihtemam, [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] |year=1981 |volume=2 |location=UP, India |page=103 |language=en |oclc=20222197 |author-link=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}</ref>

== Life sketch ==
Badre Alam was born in 1898 in a [[Sayyid]] family in the [[Budaun district]] of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=":Khatoon">{{Cite thesis |last=Khatoon |first=Aaisha |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364027 |title=Aazadi ke Baad Hindustan ki Khidmaat e Hadith |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |location=India |language=urdu |type=PhD |hdl=10603/364027 |page=103|access-date=2023-10-24 |archive-date=2023-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024064943/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364027 |url-status=live }}</ref> His father, Tahur Ali, served as a police officer.<ref name=":Riyasathullah" /> He received his initial education at an English school in [[Aligarh]], and influenced by a sermon of [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]] at the age of eleven, he developed an inclination towards [[Islamic studies]].<ref name=":Ghani">{{Cite thesis |last=Ghani |first=Khwaja Abdul |url=http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/8471/1/4093H.pdf |title=Allama Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri: Un ke Mutasilin aur Talamzah ki Khidmat |publisher=[[University of Sindh]] |year=1979 |location=Jamshoro, Pakistan |language=ur |type=PhD |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2022-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027021735/http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/8471/1/4093H.pdf |url-status=live |page=142}}</ref> Despite initial resistance from his father, he pursued religious education at [[Mazahir Uloom]].<ref name=":Riyasathullah" />

Under the mentorship of [[Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri]] for eight years, followed by further studies at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] with [[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]], he continued his educational journey.<ref name=":Riyasathullah" /> His notable teachers at Mazahir Uloom included [[Zafar Ahmad Usmani]], and at Deoband, [[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani]] and [[Asghar Hussain Deobandi]].<ref name=":IP">{{Cite web |last=Shabbir |first=Yusuf |date=2018 |title=Profile of Mawlana Muhammad Badr Alam Mirti |url=https://islamicportal.co.uk/profile-of-mawlana-muhammad-badr-alam-mirti/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Islamic Portal |language=en |archive-date=10 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610230149/https://islamicportal.co.uk/profile-of-mawlana-muhammad-badr-alam-mirti/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After completing his studies at Darul Uloom Deoband, he began teaching there in 1925.<ref name="Tayyib">{{Cite book|last=Muhammad Tayyib|first=Qari|author-link=Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/darul-uloom-deoband-ki-sad-saala-zindagi-qari-muhammad-tayyab-ebooks|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Sad Saala Zindagi|trans-title=Centenary Life of Darul Uloom Deoband|publisher=Daftar-e-Ihtemam, Darul Uloom Deoband|date=June 1965|edition=1st|location=Deoband|page=112|language=ur|access-date=10 January 2024|archive-date=10 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110050800/https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/darul-uloom-deoband-ki-sad-saala-zindagi-qari-muhammad-tayyab-ebooks|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=": Khalili">{{Cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah Khalili|author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jame O Mukhtasar Tareekh|trans-title =A comprehensive and brief history of Darul Uloom Deoband|publisher=Shaikh-Ul-Hind Academy |edition=3rd|date= October 2020 |location=India |page=577–578, 763|language=ur|oclc=1345466013}}</ref>

In 1927, he, along with Anwar Shah Kashmiri and Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, migrated to [[Jamia Islamia Talimuddin]].<ref name=":Khatoon" /> For seventeen years, he engaged in teaching hadith at Jamia Islamia Talimuddin, covering texts such as ''[[Sunan al-Tirmidhi]]'', ''[[Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya]]'', and ''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]''.<ref name="Dabhel">{{Cite book |last=Azami|first=Fazlur Rahman|url=https://archive.org/details/TarikhJamiaIslamiaDabhel/page/n95/mode/1up?view=theater|title=Tareekh e Jamia Islamia Dabhel|trans-title =History of Jamia Islamia Dabhel|publisher=Idara Tālīfāt e Ashrafia|year=1999|location=[[Multan]], Pakistan|page=189, 192|language=ur}}</ref> He also continued participating in Anwar Shah Kashmiri's classes on ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'' and ''[[Sunan al-Tirmidhi]]'' for five years.<ref name=":Miftahi">{{cite book |last=Miftahi |first=Zafeeruddin |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/mashaheer-e-ulama-e-darul-uloom-deoband-mohammad-zafeeruddin-ebooks |title=Mashaheer-e-Ulama-e-Darul Uloom Deoband |publisher=Daftar Ijalas-e-Sad Sala |year=1980 |edition=first |location=[[Deoband]] |pages=93–94 |language=ur |author-link=Zafeeruddin Miftahi |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-date=29 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229040228/https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/mashaheer-e-ulama-e-darul-uloom-deoband-mohammad-zafeeruddin-ebooks |url-status=live }}</ref>

After [[Dabhel]], he moved to [[Bahawalnagar]], Punjab, established Jam'ul Uloom, and stayed for a year there. He then came to [[Delhi]] and became associated with [[Nadwatul Musannifeen]] in 1943.<ref name=":Aaftab">{{Cite book |last=Merathi |first=Badre Alam |url=https://archive.org/details/4_20220717/page/n19/mode/1up |title=Tarjuman al-Sunnah |publisher=Idara-e-Islāmiyyāt |year=1968 |volume=4 |location=Lahore |page=19 |language=ur |chapter=Musannif Ki Hayāt-e-Mubāraka Ki Ek Halki Si Jhalak: Aaftab Ahmad |trans-chapter=A brief glimpse of the author's life, by Aaftab Ahmad}}</ref> After the [[partition of India]] in 1947, he migrated to Karachi, Pakistan, and, under the patronage of Shabbir Ahmad Usmani founded Jamia Islamia at [[Tando Allahyar District|Tando Allahyar]].{{Sfn|Ghani|1979|p=144}} Following Pakistan's formation, he actively participated in the formulation of an Islamic constitution.<ref name=":Bukhari">{{Cite book |last=Bukhari |first=Akbar Shah |url=https://archive.org/details/Maktaba-Hafiz-Muhammad-Akbar-Shah-Bukhari-Sahib/Seerat-i-Badr-i-Alam |title=Seerat-e Badre Alam |publisher=HM Sayed Company |year=1985 |location=Karachi, Pakistan |page=64 |language=ur}}</ref>

After residing for four years in Pakistan, he migrated to [[Medina]].{{Sfn|Kaleem|2017|p=175}} [[Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda]] met him in Medina, benefited from him,<ref name=":Amini">{{cite book|last=Amini|first=Noor Alam Khalil|author-link=Noor Alam Khalil Amini|title=Pas-e-Marg Zinda|trans-title=People who are still alive after death|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/pas-e-marg-zinda-noor-alam-khaleel-amini-ebooks|publisher=Idara Ilm o Adab|location=[[Deoband]]|edition=3rd|date=May 2010|page=365|language=ur|access-date=10 January 2024|archive-date=10 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110025651/https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/pas-e-marg-zinda-noor-alam-khaleel-amini-ebooks|url-status=live}}</ref> and later narrated hadiths from him.<ref name=":Al Rājihi">{{Cite book |last=Al Rājihi |first=Abd al-Azīz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-j1LCwAAQBAJ&q=%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A |title=Hady al-Sāri Ilā Asānīd al-Shaikh Ismail al-Ansari |publisher=Maktaba al-Rushd |year=2001 |edition=1st |location=[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |page=190 |language=ar |access-date=29 January 2024 |archive-date=29 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129155423/https://books.google.com/books?id=-j1LCwAAQBAJ&q=%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A#v=snippet&q=%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1%20%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

Known as Qutb al-Aarifeen,{{Sfn|Ghani|1979|p=148}} he received [[Sufism|Sufi]] teachings from Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri, associated with Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani, and ultimately received spiritual succession from Muhammad Ishaq Merathi.<ref name=":Kamal">{{Cite thesis |last=Kamal |first=Mohd Arif |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364940 |title=Ulema e Hind ki Bisween Sadi Nisf Awwal mein Khidmat e Hadith Tanquidi Mutala |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2020 |location=India |language=ur |type=PhD |page=221 |hdl=10603/364940 |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101061946/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364940 |url-status=live }}</ref> He died on 29 October 1965, in [[Prophet's Mosque]], and was laid to rest in [[Al-Baqi Cemetery]].<ref name=":Burhan">{{Cite magazine |date=November 1965 |editor-last=Akbarabadi |editor-first=Saeed Ahmad |editor-link=Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi |title=Nazarāt |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/burhan-shumara-number-005-saeed-ahmad-akbarabadi-magazines-56 |journal=Monthly Burhan |language=ur |location=Delhi |publisher=[[Nadwatul Musannifeen]] |volume=55 |issue=5 |page=3 |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107171007/https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/burhan-shumara-number-005-saeed-ahmad-akbarabadi-magazines-56 |url-status=live }}</ref> His influence extended to Pakistan, India, South Africa, and the Middle East.<ref name=":Banuri">{{cite book |last=Banuri |first=Muhammad Yusuf |url=https://archive.org/details/20210127_20210127_1742/page/n27 |title=Yad-e-Raftagāñ |publisher=Maktaba Bayyinat, [[Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia]] |year=2020 |edition= |location=[[Allama Banuri Town|Banuri town, Karachi]] |page=27 |language=ur |author-link=Yusuf Banuri}}</ref>

== Literary works ==
He scrutinized the intricacies of the Quran and hadith, expressing an understanding of [[Arabic literature]] and poetry.<ref name=":50m">{{Cite book |last=Muhammad Tayyib |first=Qari |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/darul-uloom-deoband-ki-pachaas-misali-shakhsiyaat-qari-mohammad-tayyab-ebooks |title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Pachaas Misali Shakhsiyaat |publisher=Maktaba Faiz-ul-Qur'an |year=1999 |editor-last=Bukhari |editor-first=Akbar Shah |location=[[Deoband]] |page=158 |language=ur |oclc=45499890 |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-date=6 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106040835/https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/darul-uloom-deoband-ki-pachaas-misali-shakhsiyaat-qari-mohammad-tayyab-ebooks |url-status=live }}</ref> His literary works touched various religious subjects. Apart from [[Fayd al-Bari ala Sahih al-Bukhari|''Fayd al-Bari'']] and ''[[Tarjuman al-Sunnah]]'', he authored the three-volume ''Jawahir al-Hikam'', addressing contemporary social issues and the implementation of [[Sharia|Islamic law]] in 1965, translated into French and Gujarati.{{Sfn|Ghani|1979|pp=150–51}}<ref name=":IP" /> His annotations for ''Fayd al-Bari'', published as ''Al-Badr Al-Sari''.<ref name=":Mausoo'a">{{cite book |last=Mubarakpuri|first=Arif Jameel|author-link=Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri|title=Mausoo'a Ulama-u- Deoband|trans-title=The Encyclopedia of Deobandi Scholars|date=2021|edition=1st|publisher=Shaikhul Hind Academy|location=Deoband|page=347|language=ar}}</ref> He wrote an abstract of [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]]'s book ''Zubdat-ul-Manāsik'' under the title ''Khulasa Zubdat-ul-Manāsik'', a guide on [[Hajj]] issues.{{sfn|Bukhari|1985|p=52}} One of his books on the [[Jesus in Islam#Second Coming|descent of Jesus]] is called ''Nuzool-e-ʿĪsā'', and he has written a booklet in the same series called ''Awaz-e-Haq''.{{sfn|Bukhari|1985|p=52}} During his time in Pakistan, he translated [[Ali al-Qari]]'s ''Al-Hizb al-Azam'' and wrote some poetry.<ref name=":IP" />

== See also ==
* [[List of Deobandis]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [[iarchive:Maktaba-Maulana-Badr-Alam-Meeruti-ra|Works of Badre Alam Merathi]] at [[Internet Archive]]
{{Hanafi scholars}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Mazahir Uloom alumni]]
[[Category:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī]]
[[Category:People from Meerut]]
[[Category:Scholars from Karachi]]
[[Category:Writers from Karachi]]
[[Category:People from Medina]]
[[Category:Writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Students of Anwar Shah Kashmiri]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Jamia Islamia Talimuddin]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:20th-century Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Arabic-language writers]]

Mahamaham stampede

2025-10-30T08:40:11Z

Kanchin789: made a pg nd citations

{{Short description|1992 crowd crush in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox disaster
| title = Mahamaham stampede
| image = Mahamaham Festival in Kumbakonam.jpg
| caption = A file picture of Mahamham festival
| mapframe-coordinates = {{Coord|10.9558|79.3817|type:event_scale:100000_region:IN-TN|display=inline,title}}
| date = 18 February 1992
| time = {{Circa|12:15{{nbsp}}p.m.}}
| timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| location = [[Mahamaham tank]], [[Kumbakonam]], Tamil Nadu, India
| type = [[Crowd crush]] and [[Crowd collapse]]
| cause = [[Overcrowding]], [[Structural integrity and failure]], [[Lathi charge]]
| organizers = [[Jayalalithaa]] led [[Tamil Nadu]] government
| fatalities = 50
| injuries = 74
}}
The '''Mahamaham stampede''' was a [[crowd crush]] disaster that occurred during the [[Mahamaham festival]] on 18 February 1992, around [[Mahamaham tank]] located in the town of [[Kumbakonam]] in the [[South Indian]] state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. An estimated 50 people were killed in the crush that left another 74 injured.<ref name="B.K.">[[#B.K.|B.K. 2005]], p. 190</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=60 Hindus Die in Festival Crush|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4800849.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140203005743/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4800849.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2014|publisher=The Independent|work= Reuter, Mohan Narvaria|location=London, England|date=16 July 1996|access-date=30 November 2013|via=HighBeam}}</ref> The crush was triggered by mismanagement of large number of people visiting the festival, which was also attended by the then [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], [[Jayalalithaa]], who had a holy dip in the tank.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Ramakrishnn |first=T. |date=2024-05-07 |title=The 1992 Mahamakham tragedy at Kumbakonam and two accounts |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/the-1992-mahamakham-tragedy-at-kumbakonam-and-two-accounts/article68150881.ece |access-date=2025-09-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Background==
The Tank is located in the heart of Kumbakonam town. It covers an area of 6.2 acres and is trapezoidal in shape. The tank is surrounded by 16 small Mandapams (shrines)<ref>[[#Bansal|Bansal 2008]], p. 126</ref> and has 21 wells inside the tank. The names of the wells carry the name of [[Hindu god]] [[Shiva]] or that of [[Rivers of India]].<ref name="dict"/> [[Govinda Dikshitar]], the chieftain of [[Nayaks_of_Tanjore#Ragunatha_Nayak|Ragunatha Nayak]] of [[Thanjavur]], constructed the sixteen [[Mandapam]]s and stone steps around this tank.<ref name="V.">[[#V.|V. 1995]], p.120</ref>
Masimaham is an annual event that occurs in the [[Tamil month]] of [[Tamil calendar|Masi]] (February–March) in the star of [[Magam]]. Once in twelve years, when the planet [[Guru]] (Jupiter) enters the sign [[Hindu astrology#Elements|Siṃha]] (Leo), the [[Kumbh mela]] festival of South India is celebrated at Mahamaham tank.<ref name="Gajrani">[[#S.|S. 2004]], p. 240</ref> Vast crowds gather at Kumbakonam to have a dip in the tank, along with saints and philosophers. All the rivers of India are believed to meet at the tank on this day and a purificatory bath at this tank on this day is considered equal to the combined dips in all the holy rivers of [[India]]<ref name="Gajrani"/> Festival deities from all the temples in Kumbakonam arrive at the tank and at noon, all the deities bathe along with the devotees - it is called "Theerthavari".<ref name="dict">[[#International|International Dictionary of Historical Places 1996]], p. 503</ref> The purificatory bath is believed to remove sins and after the dip, pilgrims offer charitable gifts in the hope of being rewarded in the current life and subsequent lives.<ref name="dict"/> The temple cars of major temples in Kumbakonam come around the city on the festival night. During the Mahamaham of 1992, the number of devotees reached 1 million.<ref name="dict"/>
[[File:Kbkpano3.jpg|thumb|800px|center|Night view of the Mahamaham tank]]

==Stampede==
On 18 February 1992, the then chief minister of Tamil Nadu, Jayalalithaa and her friend Sasikala had a holy dip in the tank at around 12:15 p.m.<ref name="exp"/><ref name=":0" /> The proceeds were initiated by the Shankaracharya of [[Kanchi Mutt]], [[Jayendra Saraswati]]. Tens of thousands of pilgrims had gathered, both for the holy dip and to witness the presence of the Chief Minister.<ref name=":0" />

=== Conflicting causes ===
There are conflicting reports on the cause of the stampede, according to official government statements released at the time, the stampede occurred due to the collapse of a grill and pillars on the northern bank of the tank, part of the Bangur Dharmashala compound. The enormous pressure of the crowd led to the collapse of this concrete superstructure, reportedly killing 15 people under the rubble, while others were crushed in the stampede while trying to flee as reported by the [[Press Trust of India]].<ref name="chron">{{cite web |date=18 February 1992 |title=Houston Chronicle Archives |url=http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1992_1037509/world-briefs.html |access-date=5 December 2011 |publisher=Chron.com}}</ref> Of the killed, 30 were reported to be women, three were children and the rest were men. Some of the newspapers reported the stampede took place soon after the chief minister reached the tank.<ref name="week">{{cite journal | title=Mahamaham Stampede Deaths in Tamil Nadu |journal = Economic and Political Weekly|volume = 27|issue = 13|pages = 625–627| date=18 February 1992 |jstor = 4397722}}</ref> This is attributed by the fact that the stampede occurred 200 metres away from the special bathing ghat arranged for the chief minister. The whole accident occurred within a span of 5 minutes with pilgrims rushing up for a holy dip in auspicious time, and also for viewing the chief minister as reported by ''[[The Hindu]]'' on 19 February. Most newspapers also reported that the western and southern sides were cordoned off for security purposes and people could enter and exit only through the northern and eastern sides. [[Walter Devaram]], the inspector-general of police is quoted as saying "a concrete superstructure of a building on the northern bank of the bank collapsed under the weight of those standing on it to watch the festival".<ref name="week" /> The final official number of victims stood at 50<ref name="exp" /><ref>[[#Vanita|Vanita 2005]], p.258</ref> with another 74 getting injured.<ref name="B.K." />

However, contemporary and retrospective reporting by ''[[The Hindu]]'' and eyewitness accounts provide a different perspective. The Hindu reported on 19 February 1992 that the stampede began 200 metres from a special bathing ghat set up for Chief Minister Jayalalithaa. Security arrangements for the Chief Minister had led to traditional exit routes being blocked: the eastern bank (where the CM bathed) had no exit, and much of the southern bank was cordoned off due to her convoy. As a result, the massive crowd entering through the northern and eastern banks had no viable exit routes, leading to dangerous overcrowding.<ref name=":0" />

A police barricade was placed near the Alamara Vinayagar Temple and the Navakanyamandapam on the northern bank. When pilgrims attempted to exit the overcrowded tank, they were prevented from moving in any direction by barricades. At this time, the police allegedly used lathis (batons) on the surging crowd, causing panic. A large section of the crowd attempted to scale an iron grill, which collapsed, adding to the chaos. Victims were trampled or suffocated, and according to some reports, several drowned in the tank contradicting official claims that no deaths were due to drowning.<ref name=":0" /> In his 2024 memoir ''Munnar to Marina: The Journey'', W.I. Davaram, then Inspector-General of Police (Law and Order), wrote that the tragedy was caused by the hasty descent of people from the northern bank, which was both an entry and an unauthorized exit point due to blockages elsewhere. This resulted in people entering and exiting the tank colliding, creating a bottleneck and chaos.<ref name=":0" />

==Aftermath==
[[File:Masimagam2.jpg|200px|left|thumb|File picture of yearly Masimaham festival]]
The [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] announced a compensation of one lakh (100,000) rupees<ref>[[#Thol|Thol 2004]], p. 14</ref> for the deceased, which included a sum of 30,000 rupees given by the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party that ruled the state that time. It was widely criticised by the media that a government announcement was made together with a party announcement.{{cn|date=August 2012}}

On 18 February, after much demands for a judicial enquiry, the Government of Tamil Nadu announced a magisterial enquiry with the additional collector heading it.<ref name="week"/> On 20 February, the government issued a detailed press note indicating <ref name="week"/>
* the arrangements for the 1992 festival were the same as that of 1968 and 1980. The entry of pilgrims were allowed from the northern and southern sides and exits from the eastern and western sides.
* that "the unfortunate situation developed when a grill over the compound wall abutting the Bangur Dharmashala and the pillars collapsed on the northern tank owing to the enormous pressure of people who had assembled on both sides of the compound wall".
* that the Bangur Dharmashala was used by [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]], a Hindu party, as a clinic and for distributing food packets.
* that the food packets were thrown out to the pilgrims, resulting in the initiation of the crowd causing the grill and concrete to break, resulting in the stampede.
* that there was not a single death due to drowning in the tank
* that the allegation that the stampede occurred on account of lathicharge was totally baseless as no lathi charge was made throughout the festival.
* that the incident took place at 1:00 p.m. long after the chief minister left the place at around 12:15 p.m.
* that the chief minister's enclosure was very small one being 20' X 12' and the newspaper reports of lathicharge on people eagerly viewing the chief minister leading to stampede is malicious.
* finally the Vishwa Hindu Parishad was making unfounded allegations as it wanted to take credit of the smooth conduct of the festival.

==2004 event==
[[File:Masimagam1.jpg|200px|right|thumb|A section of tank during Masimagam festival]]
The Mahamaham event of 2004 passed off without any mishaps. The state government spent nearly 50 crores ([[Indian rupee|Rs]]500 million) for developing the local infrastructure of Kumbakonam.<ref name="exp"/> It included 88 lakhs (Rs8.8 million) sanctioned for carrying out public health measures and sanitary arrangements<ref>[[#GO|Government of Tamil Nadu G.O. (4D) No.8, 15 Oct 2003]]</ref> 21 shutter gates were set up at the approaches to the tank and the exits were clearly identified.<ref name="Telegraph">[[#Telegraph|The Telegraph, 2004]]</ref> Closed circuit surveillance television was employed for video surveillance and crowd control.<ref name="Telegraph"/> [[Tamil Nadu Police]] employed closed to 20,000 security personnel for the estimated 20 lakh visitors. The festivities were spaced out to 10 days to allow pilgrims to take sacred bath from day one.<ref name="Telegraph"/> Around 3000 railway police personnel were employed for the 17 Feb function.<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/18/stories/2004021805310400.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040911163442/http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/18/stories/2004021805310400.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=11 September 2004| title=3,000 Railway police personnel for Mahamaham | date=18 February 2004 | access-date=5 December 2011 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]]| location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Southern railways operated additional trains via Kumbakonam in the new broad gauge converted railway lines from [[Villupuram]] to Kumbakonam. Around 5-6 lakh railway travel tickets were sold for the event compared to the 1.5 lakh for the 1992 event.<ref name="Hindu"/> In the aftermath felicitation event held on 30 March in [[Trichy]], the retired Deputy General of Police, Walter Davaram was quoted as saying "I take moral responsibility for the fiasco during the ''mahamaham'' held in 1992. But I must say that these police officials have done a much better job than that during my time,". He also insisted on documenting the event proceedings that involved meticulous planning and execution of security arrangements.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/31/stories/2004033107380300.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040422135825/http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/31/stories/2004033107380300.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=22 April 2004| title=Mahamaham preparations should be documented| date=30 March 2004 | access-date=5 December 2011 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]]| location=Chennai, India}}</ref> [[Doordarshan]], the national television channel, telecast the event live for the first time.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/28/stories/2004022806800400.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040501132205/http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/28/stories/2004022806800400.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=1 May 2004| title=Live telecast | date=27 February 2004 | access-date=5 December 2011 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]]| location=Chennai, India}}
</ref> Keeping the eventualities in mind, Jayalalithaa, the chief minister during the 2004 festival also, stayed away from the function.<ref name="exp">The Indian Express, 8 March 2004</ref>

==See also==
{{commons category|Masi Magam festival}}
* [[2004 Kumbakonam School Fire]]
* [[Crowd collapses and crushes]]
* [[List of fatal crowd crushes]]
* [[Stampede#Human stampedes and crushes]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{cite book |last=Bansal|first=Sunita Pant |title=Hindu Pilgrimage: A Journey Through the Holy Places of Hindus All Over India |year=2008 |publisher=Hindology Books |location=Delhi |isbn=978-81-223-0997-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F303Zb7EC0kC&q=mahamaham&pg=PA126|ref=Bansal}}
*{{cite book |last=B.K.|first=Khanna |title=All You Wanted To Know About Disasters|year=2005 |publisher=New India Publishing Agency |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-89422-13-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GwGlBIJyNoIC&q=kumbakonam+1992&pg=PA190|ref=B.K.}}
* {{cite web | url=http://www.tn.gov.in/gosdb/gorders/hfw/hfw-e-9-4D-2003.htm| title=G.O. (4D) No.8 | publisher=The Government of Tamil Nadu | date=15 October 2003 | access-date=5 December 2011}}
* {{cite news | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040306/asp/nation/story_2973836.asp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040510144808/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040306/asp/nation/story_2973836.asp | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 May 2004 | title=Hi-tech rein on pilgrims | publisher=The Telegraph | date=6 March 2004 | access-date=5 December 2011 | location=Calcutta, India | first=M.R. | last=Venkatesh}}
* {{cite book |last=International Dictionary of Historical Places|title=International Dictionary of Historical Places - Middle East and Africa, Vol.5|year=1996|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|location=Chicago |isbn=978-1-4039-7038-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWLRxJEU49EC&q=kumbakonam+1992&pg=PA503|ref=International}}
*{{cite book |last=S.|first=Gajarani |title=History, Religion and Culture of India, Vol.3|year=2004 |publisher=Isha Books |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-8205-061-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zh6z0nuIjAgC&q=kumbakonam+gajrani&pg=PA210|ref=S.}}
* {{cite book |last=Thol|first=Thirumaavalavan|author2=Meena Kandaswamy |title=Uproot Hindutva: the fiery voice of the liberation panthers|location=Kolkata |isbn=978-81-85604-79-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HfNRO-LtsN4C&q=kumbakonam+stampede&pg=PA14|ref=Thol|year=2004}}
* {{cite book |last=V.|first=Vriddhagirisan|title=Nayaks of Tanjore |year=1995 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-206-0996-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GD_6ka-aYuQC&q=kumbakonam+govinda&pg=PA120|ref=V.}}
* {{cite book |last=Vanita|first=Ruth |title=Love's rite: same-sex marriage in India and the West|year=2005 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York |isbn=978-1-4039-7038-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GD_6ka-aYuQC&q=kumbakonam+govinda&pg=PA120|ref=Vanita}}
* {{cite news | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040308/asp/nation/story_2978422.asp| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040320182409/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040308/asp/nation/story_2978422.asp| url-status=dead| archive-date=20 March 2004| title=VHP scare at holy dip | publisher=The Telegraph India | date=8 March 2004 | access-date=5 December 2011 | location=Calcutta, India | first=M.R. | last=Venkatesh}}
{{refend}}

{{Human stampedes}}

[[Category:Kumbakonam]]
[[Category:1990s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Disasters in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Human stampedes in India]]
[[Category:1992 disasters in India]]
[[Category:Human stampedes in 1992]]
[[Category:Jayalalithaa]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]

Soundarya Sharma

2025-10-25T12:13:24Z

Kanchin789: added details after review and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1994)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Soundarya Sharma
| image = Soundarya Sharma attends the 63rd Jio Filmfare Awards 2018 (19) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Sharma In 2023
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|20 September 1994|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2017–present
}}

'''Soundarya Sharma''' (born 20 September 1994)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/soundarya-sharma-spends-her-birthday-with-underprivileged-kids/videoshow/71219684.cms |title=Soundarya Sharma spends her birthday with underprivileged kids |website=The Times of India |access-date=20 September 2019}}</ref> is an Indian actress. She made her acting debut with the romantic drama ''[[Ranchi Diaries]]'' in 2017. In 2022, she participated in [[Colors TV]]'s reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 16)|Bigg Boss 16]]''.

==Early life==
Soundarya Sharma was born on 20 September 1994, in [[Preet Vihar |Preet Vihar, East Delhi, India]].{{citation needed|date=October 2025}} She was passionate about theatre, which led her to join the [[National School of Drama]] and the ACT 1 Theatre group.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

== Career ==
Sharma played the lead role in the film ''[[Ranchi Diaries]]'', which was produced by [[Anupam Kher]] and Rashmin Majithia. The film was released in October 2017, and she was nominated for the 'Best Female Debutant' by [[Zee Cine Awards]] and [[Screen Awards|Star Screen Awards]].{{cn|date=October 2024}} She won the 'Best Debutante' at the [[Jharkhand International Film Festival Awards|Jharkhand International Film Festival]].{{cn|date=October 2024}} She won the Lokmat Most Stylish Diva Award at [[Lokmat Stylish Awards]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ranveer-singh-sara-ali-khan-attend-lokmat-awards-2018-farhan-akhtar-shares-photos-with-shibani-dandekar-social-media-stalkers-guide-5765601.html |title=Ranveer Singh, Sara Ali Khan attend Lokmat Awards 2018; Farhan Akhtar shares photos with Shibani Dandekar: Social Media Stalkers' Guide |date=20 December 2018 |website=Firstpost |language=en |access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> Soundarya was also a part of a [[Times Music]] exclusive release titled ''Garmi Mein Chill''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/the-ultimate-chill-anthem-garmi-mein-chill-is-cool-and-quirky/articleshow/70391886.cms |title=The Ultimate Chill Anthem 'Garmi Mein Chill' Is Cool And Quirky - Times of India |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/videos/songs/out-now-garmi-mein-chill-feat-soundarya-sharma-is-a-chartbuster-35150.html |title=Out now! Garmi Mein Chill feat. Soundarya Sharma is a chartbuster |website=filmfare.com |language=en |access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref>

She did a workshop with [[Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/travel-restrictions-force-soundarya-sharma-to-be-in-the-us/story-2Xgnf5KpeNYeNRbJZDYvjM.html |title=Travel restrictions force Soundarya Sharma to be in the US |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |date=30 March 2020}}</ref> and a short-acting course from the [[New York Film Academy]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/film-school-blog/soundarya-sharma-discusses-acting-and-new-york-film-academy/ |title=SOUNDARYA SHARMA DISCUSSES ACTING AND NEW YORK FILM ACADEMY |website=[[New York Film Academy]] |language=en |date=4 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/alumni/soundarya-sharma/ |title=Soundarya Sharma - New York Film Academy Alumni |website=[[New York Film Academy]] |language=en |date=4 November 2020}}</ref> In 2022, she was seen in [[MX Player]]'s crime web series ''[[Raktanchal|Raktanchal 2]]'' playing Roli.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/bollywood/article/raktanchal-2-fame-soundarya-sharma-speaks-on-her-role-and-looks-exclusive-interview/387326 |title=Raktanchal 2 fame Soundarya sharma speaks on her role and looks Exclusive Interview |website=[[Times Now Navbharat|timesnowhindi]]}}</ref> She was also seen in [[Colors TV]]'s reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 16)|Bigg Boss 16]]''. On Day 112, she was evicted, where she finished at 9th place.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/soundarya-sharma-evicted-from-the-house-of-bigg-boss-16--news-255500 |title=Soundarya Sharma Evicted From The House Of 'Bigg Boss 16' |website=Outlook |language=en |access-date=21 January 2022 |date=21 January 2023}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class=wikitable
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes !! Ref.
|-
|2015
|''[[Meeruthiya Gangsters]]''
|Alka
|
|
|-
|2017
|''[[Ranchi Diaries]]''
|Gudiya
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/ranchi-diaries-actress-soundarya-sharma-admires-shah-rukh-khan-19321172 |title=Ranchi Diaries actress Soundarya Sharma admires Shah Rukh Khan |website=mid-day |access-date=15 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2022
| ''[[Thank God (film)|Thank God]]''
| Tanya
| Cameo
|
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Housefull 5]]''
| Lucy
|
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Sajid Nadiadwala's Housefull 5 team on a cruise shoot in London, makers drop the latest glimpse from the shoot |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sajid-nadiadwalas-housefull-5-team-cruise-shoot-london-makers-drop-latest-glimpse-shoot/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=3 October 2024 |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class=wikitable
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes !! Ref.
|-
|2022–2023
| {{no wrap|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 16)|Bigg Boss 16]]''}}
| Contestant
| 9th place
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 October 2022 |title=Meet Bigg Boss 16 contestant Soundarya Sharma |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/meet-bigg-boss-16-contestant-soundarya-sharma-8183717/ |access-date=2 October 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|2022
|''[[Raktanchal|Raktanchal 2]]''
|Roli
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theprint.in/ani-press-releases/soundarya-sharma-stuns-her-fans-with-her-daring-performance-in-raktanchal-2/828191/%3famp |title=Soundarya Sharma stuns her fans with her daring performance in Raktanchal-2 |website=theprint |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''Country Mafia''
|Nannu
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/web-series/english/country-mafia-trailer-ravi-kishan-soundarya-sharma-anshumaan-pushkar-anita-raj-and-satish-kaushik-starrer-country-mafia-official-trailer/videoshow/95552226.cms |title=Country Mafia Trailer: Ravi Kishan, Soundarya Sharma, Anushmaan Pushkaar, Anita Raj and Satish Kaushik starrer Country Mafia Official trailer |website=The Times of India |date=13 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Karm Yuddh (Indian TV series)|Karm Yuddh]]''
|Payal Rana
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/karm-yuddh-trailer-paoli-dam-8162385/lite/ |title=Karm Yuddh trailer: Paoli Dam channels Cersei Lannister in this desi Game of Thrones |website=theindianexpress |access-date=20 September 2022}}</ref>
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Singer(s) !! Ref.
|-
|2021
|"Mast Barsaat"
|[[Sajid Khan (composer)|Sajid Khan]], Danish Sabri
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2021 |title=Wrote the song as a dedication to Wajid bhai, says Danish Sabri |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/wrote-the-song-as-a-dedication-to-wajid-bhai-says-danish-sabri-101634734646651.html |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|"Bomb Hai"
|RaKa
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2022 |title=Bomb Hai starring Soundarya Sharma and Rahul Kangra releases on Panorama Music |url=https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/rap-song-music-video-of-2022-bomb-hai-starring-soundarya-sharma-and-rahul-kangra-releases-on-panorama-music-122032600869_1.html |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|"Bade Din Se"
|Muskaan, Altamash Faridi
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2023 |title=Bigg Boss 16's Soundarya Sharma talks about her music video 'Bade Din Se'; Says 'I promise to deliver...' |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/bigg-boss-16s-soundarya-sharma-talks-about-her-music-video-bade-din-se-says-i-promise-to-deliver-1209426 |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Soundarya Sharma's 'Bade Din Se' is all About Celebrating Love, Togetherness |url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/soundarya-sharmas-bade-din-se-is-all-about-celebrating-love-togetherness-2573593.html |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| "Khoobsurat"
| [[Neha Kakkar]], [[Raghav Chaitanya]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2023 |title=Soundarya Sharma along with Adhik Mehta brings a 'Khoobsurat' romantic song in the mesmerizing voice of Neha Kakkar |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/soundarya-sharma-along-with-adhik-mehta-brings-a-khoobsurat-romantic-song-in-the-mesmerizing-voice-of-neha-kakkar-12637262.html |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class=wikitable
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Work !! Result !! Ref.
|-
|rowspan="4"|2018
|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
|rowspan="3"|''[[Ranchi Diaries]]''
|{{nom}}
|{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}
|-
|[[Screen Awards|Star Screen Awards]]
|[[Screen Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
|{{nom}}
|{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}
|-
|[[Jharkhand International Film Festival Awards|Jharkhand International Film Festival]]
|Best Debutante
|{{won}}
|{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}
|-
|[[Lokmat Stylish Awards]]
|Most Stylish Diva
|{{NA}}
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-12-20/Soundarya-Sharma-Bags-the-Lokmat-Most-Stylish-Diva-Award/461938 |title=Soundarya Sharma Bags the Lokmat Most Stylish Diva Award |website=thehansindia |access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian film actresses]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* {{IMDb name|6353139}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Soundarya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]

V. M. Chatram

2025-10-23T21:40:54Z

Kanchin789: started new pg more to come...

{{Infobox settlement
| name = V. M. Chatram
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = suburban
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8.7049|N|77.7695|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipality
| governing_body = Tirunelvel Municipal Corporation
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code = 627011
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''V. M. Chatram''' or Vijayaragava Mudaliar Chatram is a rapidly developing suburban area located in the [[Tirunelveli district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], South India. V. M. Chatram, which was previously a Village Panchayat, was upgraded to a ward of the [[Tirunelveli Municipal Corporation]] since June 1, 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tirunelvelicorporation.in/|title=Tirunelveli City Municipal Corporation, Online Form, Exam, Result|website=Tirunelveli Corporation}}</ref> The settlements/areas adjacent to/near V. M. Chatram, which is fast becoming an urban area, are V. O. C. Nagar, Srinivasa Nagar, Adithanar Nagar, and T. V. S. Nagar.

==Educational Institutions==
The schools located in V. M. Chatram are:{{cn|date=October 2025}}
* Panchayat Union Primary School
* R. C. Primary School, Arokiyanathapuram
* Rose Mary Matriculation Higher Secondary School
* Oasis Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Tuticorin Road
* St. Joseph's High School, Arokiyanathapuram
* St. Antony's Public School
* Rose Mary Public School

==Places of Worship==
* Muppidathi Amman Temple
* Thalayai Madasamy Kovil (Temple)
* Karaiyadi Sudalai Kovil (Temple)
* Thadiveera Swamy Kovil (Temple)
* Pathrakali Amman Temple
* Ramar Temple
* Pillaiyar Kovil (Ganesh Temple)
* R. C. Church (Roman Catholic Church)

==Public Library==
A government public library is functioning in V. M. Chatram. It is very helpful to the students and youth in the area. The library also organizes events such as seminars and debates on books.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-thirunelveli/thirunelveli/2021/Dec/23/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-3760215.html|title=வி.எம்.சத்திரம் நூலகத்தில் வாசகா் வட்டக் கூட்டம்|date=December 23, 2021|website=Dinamani}}</ref>

==Banks==
* [[Tamil Nadu Grama Bank]]
* [[Indian Bank]] (K. T. C. Nagar)

===Automated Teller Machine (ATM)===
* [[Indian Bank]]
* [[Tamilnad Mercantile Bank]]
* [[State Bank of India]]
* [[Canara Bank]]
* [[City Union Bank]]

==Ponds/Tanks==
The water sources for V. M. Chatram are Nochchikulam, Moorthinainarkulam, and Peerkkankulam. These tanks provide irrigation to approximately 40 acres of agricultural land. Vegetable crops, including brinjal (eggplant), okra (lady's finger), and ash gourd (winter melon), as well as crops like paddy (rice) and banana, are cultivated here.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-thirunelveli/thirunelveli/2019/Jun/09/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-50-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-3168439.html|title=வி.எம்.சத்திரத்தில் 50 ஆண்டுகளாக தூர்வாரப்படாத பாசனக் குளங்கள்!: கழிவுகளின் கேந்திரமாகும் அவலம்|date=June 9, 2019|website=Dinamani}}</ref>

==Solid Waste Management==
[[File: Pipecomposting at V M Chatram.jpg|thumb]]
The project for composting waste within homes, which is being implemented across the Tirunelveli Corporation area, has been initially introduced in the V. M. Chatram localities. Under this project, it has been recommended that a 5-foot-tall PVC pipe be buried near the homes of approximately 150 households in this area, and organic waste collected in the homes be filled into it. The waste placed in this manner will transform into natural manure (compost) within 45 days.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.instanews.city/tamil-nadu/tirunelveli/tirunelveli/nellai-collector-introduced-new-project-waste-homes-general-public-992445 |title=நெல்லையில் குப்பைகளை வீட்டிலேயே உரமாக்கும் திட்டம்: தொடங்கி வைத்த ஆட்சியர் |last=Reporter |first=M. Ganapathi |date=2021-08-25 |website=www.instanews.city |language=ta |access-date=2021-12-22}}</ref>

==Miyawaki forest ==
A Miyawaki forest has been created near the Moorthinainar Kulam in V. M. Chatram, covering an area of approximately 2,000 square feet. About 120 varieties of saplings have been planted in this Miyawaki -forest. It is noteworthy to mention that this was established by the V. M. Chatram Development Organisation, a non-governmental voluntary organization.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.instanews.city/tamil-nadu/tirunelveli/palayamkottai/shrub-cultivation-scheme-developed-youth-collector-initiative-deposit-1010058 |title=இளைஞர்களால் உருவாக்கப்பட்டுள்ள குறுங்காடு வளர்ப்பு திட்டம்: ஆட்சியர் துவக்கி வைப்பு |last=Reporter |first=M. Ganapathi |date=2021-09-11 |website=www.instanews.city |language=ta |access-date=2021-12-22}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tirunelveli district]]

Kotiganahalli Ramaiah

2025-09-26T12:48:01Z

Kanchin789: formatting fix

{{short description|Indian politician}}

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Kotiganahalli Ramaiah
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
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| caption =
| birth_name = Ramaiah
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1954}}
| birth_place = Kotiganahalli, [[Kolar, Karnataka]], India
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| occupation = {{hlist|poet|activist|theatre activist|playwright}}
| years_active =
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'''Kotiganahalli Ramaiah''' (born {{circa|1954}}) is a [[Dalit]] poet, playwright, philosopher and cultural activist from [[Karnataka]], India.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hasan |first=Anjum |url=http://www.bangaloremirror.com/printarticle.aspx?page=comments&action=add&sectid=36&contentid=20100613201006132147183149d31e8c&subsite= |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118052339/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/printarticle.aspx?page=comments&action=add&sectid=36&contentid=20100613201006132147183149d31e8c&subsite= |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2013 |title=Bangalore Mirror |date=13 June 2010 |accessdate=8 September 2012 }}</ref><ref name="articles.timesofindia.indiatimes" /> He is one of the founders of Aadima,<ref>{{cite news |author=Nirmala Govindarajan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/kurosawa-rocks-kolar/articleshow/14682092.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103222956/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-05/bangalore/32550976_1_akira-kurosawa-kurosawa-films-fest |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title=Kurosawa rocks Kolar |work=The Times of India |date=5 July 2012 |access-date=8 September 2012 }}</ref> an institution that experiments with children's theatre, film, education and caste consciousness.

He was an [[Aam Aadmi Party]] candidate for [[Kolar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolar Lok Sabha constituency]] in the [[2014 Indian general election]].<ref name="AAP fields child rights activist against Nandan">{{cite news|title=AAP fields child rights activist against Nandan|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/AAP-fields-child-rights-activist-against-Nandan/articleshow/31807954.cms|accessdate=11 March 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|date=11 March 2014}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Ramaiah was born in the village of Kotiganahalli in [[Kolar district]], Karnataka. He quit college, before completing a degree, to join the [[Dalit Sangharsha Samiti]], a political group that spearheaded the struggle against caste discrimination and fought to acquire land rights for the former untouchables castes in Karnataka.<ref name="bangaloremirror">{{cite news|url=http://www.bangaloremirror.com/printarticle.aspx?page=comments&action=translate&sectid=36&contentid=20100613201006132147183149d31e8c&subsite=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117155558/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/printarticle.aspx?page=comments&action=translate&sectid=36&contentid=20100613201006132147183149d31e8c&subsite=|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2013|accessdate=8 September 2012}}</ref> He rose to be an instrumental figure in the Dalit movement where his contribution is most remembered for the numerous songs of resistance and struggles penned by him, some of which were adapted from the political climate of the left movement in Andhra Pradesh, particularly those by the revolutionary poet [[Gaddar]]. During this period Ramaiah also worked as a journalist with Lankesh Patrike, Mungaru and Suggi Sangati; and as a screenplay writer for numerous Kannada films and television serials.<ref name="bangaloremirror" />{{dead link|date=March 2014}}

==Founding of Aadima==
Disillusioned with what he perceived as a lack of direction within the Dalit movement,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Aug172008/district2008081685023.asp |title=DSS deviating from chosen path |work=Deccan Herald|accessdate=8 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311105444/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Aug172008/district2008081685023.asp |archive-date=11 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as the rapid erasure of the inclusive foundations of the modern Indian state, Ramaiah and a few others within the movement envisioned a broad-based cultural response to address the roots of social exclusion in India. They saved a rupee a day for many years towards the establishment of Aadima, an experimental space that aims to temper the overarching need for political modernity with an understanding of the history of cultural resistance and the philosophical meaning systems that evolved as a response to centuries of marginalisation. Aadima was founded in 2005, adjoining Shivagange Village on the Anthargange Hill Range. Since then, Aadima has been researching and documenting oral traditions and narratives, creating plays and films and, experimenting in educational pedagogy with numerous communities that live in the Anthargange Hill Range. Aadima also plays host to Hunimme Haadu, an event on full moon nights that features plays from across Karnataka.<ref name="articles.timesofindia.indiatimes">{{cite news|author=Nirmala Govindarajan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Where-people-come-alive-on-full-moon-nights/articleshow/15359310.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103080145/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-05/bangalore/33048297_1_kolar-jinke-rammaiana-gudda-adima-angala |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title=Where people come alive on full moon nights |work=The Times of India |date=5 August 2012 |access-date=8 September 2012 }}</ref><ref name="bangaloremirror" />

==Awards==
* (2005) Karnataka Rajyotsava Award<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct302005/state19402620051029.asp |title=Rajyotsava awards: 127 personalities honoured from various fields |work=Deccan Herald|date=30 October 2005 |accessdate=8 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819235515/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct302005/state19402620051029.asp |archive-date=19 August 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* (2012) Karnataka Sahitya Akademy Award<ref>{{cite news|author=Kolar, 15 July, DHNS |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/176704/sahitya-academy-award-presented-k.html |title=Sahitya Academy award presented to K Ramaiah |work=Deccan Herald|date=31 August 2012 |accessdate=8 September 2012}}</ref>
* (2012) Suvarna Ranga Samman – Kannada Sangha Kanthavara<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/Kannada-Sangha-Kanthavara-will-honour-theatre-artist-Kotiganahalli-Ramaiah-with-Suvarna-Ranga-Samman-at-Pampa-Mahakavi-Sabha-Bhavana-in-Kanthavara-on-March-25-Litterateur-Vijaya-will-preside-while-Vardhamana-Prashasthi-Peeta-president-CK-Padiwal-will-be-the-guest-/articleshow/12306934.cms |title=Kannada Sangha Kanthavara will honour theatre artist Kotiganahalli Ramaiah with 'Suvarna Ranga Samman' at Pampa Mahakavi Sabha Bhavana in Kanthavara |work=The Times of India |date=17 March 2012 |accessdate=8 September 2012}}</ref>

==Works==
===Plays===
*''Kaage Kannu Irve Bala''
*''Nayi Thippa''
*''Ratnapaksi''
*''Kannaspatre Quenalli Jagadambe''
*''Hakki Hadu''
*''Vogatina Rani''
*''Sum Sumke''
*''Darb Bar Buddanna''
*''Marjina Mattu Nalavattu Jana Kallaru''
*''Kattale Rajya''

===Published works===
*''Kaage Kannu Irve Bala'' (2012)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://justbooksclc.com/titles/303410 |title=Kage Kannu Iruve Bala : Ramaiah : NOISBN |publisher=Justbooksclc.com |accessdate=8 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819205538/http://justbooksclc.com/titles/303410 |archive-date=19 August 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*''No Alphabet in Sight: New Dalit Writing from South India'', Dossier 2 – Editors – Susie Tharu and K. Satyanarayana (Forthcoming 2012)
*''Sindh Madigara Samskruti'' (1993)<ref>{{cite web |author=Ramaiah, Kotiganahalli . |url=http://115.119.146.169:8085/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=36566&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=51479 |title=Details for: Sindh Madigara Sumskruthi |publisher=Christ University Library Catalog |date=17 May 2003 |accessdate=8 September 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121201225346/http://115.119.146.169:8085/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=36566&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=51479 |archive-date=1 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Aam Aadmi Party}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramaiah, Kotiganahalli}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Dalit writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Poets from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Rajyotsava Award 2005]]

Mirzapur Clock Tower

2025-09-15T10:59:17Z

Kanchin789: made first entry more to come

{{Short description|Clock tower in India}}
[[File:Mirzapur Clock Tower 2.jpg|thumb|Mirzapur Clock Tower]]
'''Mirzapur Clock Tower''' is a heritage architecture situated at [[Mirzapur]], in the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crooke |first=William |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_North_Western_Provinces_of_India/yvTWAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=clock+tower+in+mirzapur&pg=PA31&printsec=frontcover |title=The North-Western Provinces of India: Their History, Ethnology, and Administration |date=1897 |publisher=Methuen |language=en}}</ref> It is adorned with fine carvings, clock with 1000 kg alloy metal bell and 20 feet long pendulum hangs on top of the tower. The clock was made in [[London]] by M/s Mears Stan Bank Company in 1866.<ref>{{Cite web |title=मिर्जापुर के घंटाघर की घड़ी है बेमिसाल, लंदन से बनकर आई घड़ी बिगड़ी तो अब बनाने वाले नहीं मिले |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/mirzapur-clock-tower-is-unmatched-clock-made-from-london-deteriorated?pageId=1 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> The tower was made in 1891.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-22 |title=Mumbai to Mirzapur: Famous clock towers in India |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/mumbai-to-mirzapur-famous-clock-towers-in-india-1.62233607 |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=gulfnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Importance==
The [[Indian Standard Time]] is calculated from the 82.5 degrees [[Longitude|East longitude]], which falls in this clock tower in Mirzapur.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-01 |title=Turning the Clock Back: How Indian Standard Time came into existence 75 years ago |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/turning-the-clock-back-how-indian-standard-time-came-into-existence-75-years-ago-11158461.html |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-08-21 |title=India investigates different time zones |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1501252.stm |access-date=2024-11-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> The clock tower is popularly known as Mirzapur ''Ghanta Ghar''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-01 |title=September 1, 1947: How Indian Standard Time was introduced in country |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/september-1-1947-how-indian-standard-time-was-introduced-in-country/806185 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.timesnownews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} District and Sessions Court Mirzapur {{!}} India |url=https://mirzapur.dcourts.gov.in/about-department/history/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|25.1503|82.5703|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Clock towers in India]]
[[Category:1891 establishments in India]]
[[Category:19th-century architecture in India]]
[[Category:Time in India]]

Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharma Sastha Temple

2025-09-07T05:23:24Z

Kanchin789: started some place w/ sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox Mandir
| name = Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharma Sastha Temple
| image = thamaramkulangara.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Swami Saranam
| map_type = India Kerala
| map_caption = Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharma Sastha Temple, [[Tripunithura]], [[Kochi]], [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]]
| coordinates = {{coord|9|57|6|N|76|20|19|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
| location = [[Tripunithura]], [[Kochi]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Lord Ayyappa]]
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Kerala Architecture]]
| temple_quantity = One
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = Unknown
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharma Sastha temple'''<ref>{{Cite book |author=Infokerala Communications Pvt Ltd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HL-tDwAAQBAJ&dq=Thamaramkulangara%2520Sree%2520Dharma%2520Sastha%2520Temple&pg=PA252 |title=Pilgrimage to Temple Heritage 2019 |date=2019-09-01 |publisher=Info Kerala Communications Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-934567-8-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-16 |title=Peruvanam Kuttan Marar's melam treat regales audience |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kuttan-marars-melam-treat-regales-audience/articleshow/97017673.cms |access-date=2023-12-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ([[Malayalam]]: താമരംകുളങ്ങര ശ്രി ധര്‍മശാസ്താ ക്ഷേത്രം) is a temple in [[Tripunithura]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharma Sastha Temple, Kerala - Info, Timings, Photos, History |url=https://www.templepurohit.com/hindu-temple/thamaramkulangara-sree-dharma-sastha-temple/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=TemplePurohit - Your Spiritual Destination |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Kochi]], in the state of [[Kerala]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-19 |title=Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharmasastha Temple |url=https://tripnetra.com/blog/thamaramkulangara-sree-dharmasastha-temple |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=Hotel Booking, Tour and Travel Planning, Online Tickets |language=en-US}}</ref> [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-02 |title=Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharmasastha |url=https://travelsntourism.com/destinations/india/kerala/ernakulam/thamaramkulangara-sree-dharmasastha/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=Travels and Tourism |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://thamara.net/ Official Site of the Temple]
* [http://wikimapia.org/#lat=9.951925&lon=76.338579&z=18&l=0&m=s&v=9 Location - WikiMapia]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014035116/http://www.orkut.co.in/main#Community?cmm=30986449 Orkut Community]
* [http://www.zonkerala.com/Thamaramkulangara-Sree-Dharmasastha-Temple-939.html Zonkerala Listing]

{{Hindu temples in Kerala}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Kochi]]

Sindagi Assembly constituency

2025-09-04T16:22:10Z

Kanchin789:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Karnataka legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sindagi
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 33
| map_image = 33-Sindagi constituency.svg
| map_caption = Map of Sindagi Vidhana Sabha constituency
| mla = [[Ashok M. Managuli]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Vijayapura district|Vijayapura]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bijapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bijapur]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:236670}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}
[[File:Sindagi (Vidhana Sabha constituency) Map.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Sindigi (Vidhana Sabha constituency).png|thumb|]]

'''Sindagi Assembly constituency''' is one of 224 assembly constituencies in [[Karnataka]] in India. It is part of [[Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= October 9, 2017 }}</ref>

== Members of Assembly ==

===Bombay State===
'''(as Indi Sindgi Constituency)'''
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<ref name="election1951">{{Cite web |title=Bombay, 1951 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4107-bombay-1951/ |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
|Surpur Mallappa Karabasappa
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|Jattappa Laxman Kabadi
|}

===Mysore State===
'''(as Singdi Constituency)'''

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka 1957 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3772-karnataka-1957/ |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Assembly Election Results in 1957 |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/1957-election-results.html |website=elections.in}}</ref>
|Shankaragouda Yeshawantgouda Patil
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assembly Election Results in 1957, Karnataka |url=https://elections.traceall.in/Karnataka-vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/1957 |website=traceall.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3773-karnataka-1962/|title=Karnataka 1962|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/1962-election-results.html|title=Karnataka Election Results 1962|website=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elections.traceall.in/Karnataka-vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/1962|title=Assembly Election Results in 1962, Karnataka|website=traceall.in}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |Channappa Madiwalappa Desai
|-
|[[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html|title=Karnataka Election Results 1967|website=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elections.traceall.in/Karnataka-vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/1967|title=Assembly Election Results in 1967, Karnataka|website=traceall.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/1972-election-results.html|title=Karnataka Election Results 1972|website=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elections.traceall.in/Karnataka-vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/1972|title=Assembly Election Results in 1972, Karnataka|website=traceall.in}}</ref>
|S. Y. Patil
|bgcolor={{Party color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}} |
|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]]
|}

===Karnataka===
'''(as Sindgi Constituency)'''
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka 1978 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3776-karnataka-1978/ |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
|Maibubsaheb Hasansanheb Bekinalkar
|bgcolor={{Party color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}} |
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (Indira)]]
|-
|[[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Election Results 1983 |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/1983-election-results.html |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
|Ninganagoud Rachana Goud Patil
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Election Results 1985 |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/1985-election-results.html |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
|Mallanagouda Doulataraya Biradar
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka 1989 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3779-karnataka-1989/ |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
|Rayagondappa Bheemanna Choudhari
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka 1994 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3780-karnataka-1994/ |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
|[[M. C. Managuli]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Election Results 1999 |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/1999-election-results.html |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
|Sharanappa Tippanna Sunagar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Successful Candidates in Karnataka Assembly Election in 2004 |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/2004-election-results.html |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
|Ashok Gurappa Shabadi
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Successful Candidates in Karnataka Assembly Election in 2008 |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/2008-election-results.html |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |Ramesh Balappa Bhusanur
|-
|[[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Successful Candidates in Karnataka Assembly Election in 2013 |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/2013-election-results.html |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="Karnataka election results 2018: Full list of constituency wise winners and losers from BJP, Congress, JD(S) in Karnataka assembly elections">{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/elections/karnataka-election-results-2018-full-list-of-winners-losers-from-bjp-congress-jds/1167608/|title=Karnataka election results 2018: Full list of constituency wise winners and losers from BJP, Congress, JD(S) in Karnataka assembly elections|last1=Financialexpress|date=16 May 2018|accessdate=4 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104174553/https://www.financialexpress.com/elections/karnataka-election-results-2018-full-list-of-winners-losers-from-bjp-congress-jds/1167608/|archivedate=4 January 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|[[M. C. Managuli]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/2018-election-results.html|title=List of Successful Candidates in Karnataka Assembly Election in 2018|website=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elections.traceall.in/Karnataka-vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/2018|title=Assembly Election Results in 2018, Karnataka|website=traceall.in}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|-
|2021<ref name="Karnataka bypolls: Home turf Hanagal loss raises questions on CM Bommai’s leadership">{{cite news |date=2 November 2021 |title=Karnataka bypolls: Home turf Hanagal loss raises questions on CM Bommai’s leadership |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/karnataka-bypolls-loss-in-home-turf-hanagal-puts-cm-basavaraj-bommais-leadership-in-question-7604477/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423132600/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/karnataka-bypolls-loss-in-home-turf-hanagal-puts-cm-basavaraj-bommais-leadership-in-question-7604477/ |archivedate=23 April 2025 |accessdate=23 April 2025 |publisher=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>{{Efn|by-election}}
|Ramesh Balappa Bhusanur
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name="Karnataka Election Results 2023 winners: Full list of winning candidates">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-assembly-polls-2023/story/karnataka-assembly-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners-2378524-2023-05-13|title=Karnataka Election Results 2023 winners: Full list of winning candidates|last1=India Today|date=14 May 2023|accessdate=14 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514043110/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-assembly-polls-2023/story/karnataka-assembly-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners-2378524-2023-05-13|archivedate=14 May 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|[[Ashok M. Managuli]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}
{{noteslist}}

==Election results==

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]: Sindgi<ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Sindagi">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Sindagi |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1033.htm?ac=33 |access-date=23 April 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423135047/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1033.htm?ac=33 |archive-date=23 April 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Ashok Mallappa Managuli
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 87,621
|percentage = 50.53
|change = +12.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ramesh Balappa Bhusanur
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 79,813
|percentage = 46.03
|change = -11.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vishalakshi Shivanand Patil
|party = Janata Dal (Secular)
|votes = 2,283
|percentage = 1.32
|change = -1.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 963
|percentage = 0.56
|change = -0.20
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 7,808
|percentage = 4.50
|change = -1.30
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 173,399
|percentage = 73.27
|change = +3.46
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 by-election ===
{{Election box begin|title=By-election, 2021: Sindagi<ref name="Sindagi Constituency bypoll Result 2021">{{cite news |title=Sindagi Constituency bypoll Result 2021 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/ConstituencywiseS1033.htm?ac=33 |access-date=23 April 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=2 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423133313/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/ConstituencywiseS1033.htm?ac=33 |archive-date=23 April 2025}}</ref><ref name="Karnataka bypolls results: BJP wins Sindgi, Congress wins in Hangal">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Karnataka bypolls results: BJP wins Sindgi, Congress wins in Hangal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/bypolls-congress-leads-in-hangal/article37297324.ece |access-date=23 April 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=2 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423135655/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/bypolls-congress-leads-in-hangal/article37297324.ece |archive-date=23 April 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Ramesh Balappa Bhusanur|votes=93,865|percentage=57.31|change=+18.95}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Ashok Managuli|votes=62,680|percentage=38.27|change=+24.05}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal (Secular)|candidate=Angadi Naziya|votes=4,353|percentage=2.66|change=-41.49}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the Above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=1,031|percentage=0.63|change=-0.13}}
{{Election box majority|votes=31,185|percentage=19.04|change=+13.24}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=163,782|percentage=69.81|change=-1.43}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Bharatiya Janata Party|loser=Janata Dal (Secular)|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

===2018===
{{Election box begin|title=2018 Assembly election: Sindagi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal (Secular)|candidate=[[M. C. Managuli]]|votes=70,865|percentage=44.15|change=+15.26}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Ramesh Balappa Bhusanur|votes=61,560|percentage=38.36|change=+8.88}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Sai Malanna Lingappa|votes=22,772|percentage=14.22|change=-7.28}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the Above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=4,222|percentage=0.76|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=9,305|percentage=5.80|change=+5.21}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=160,496|percentage=71.24|change=+1.82}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Janata Dal (Secular)|loser=Bharatiya Janata Party|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
* C. M. Desai (INC): 16,668 votes<ref name="elections">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html|website=elections.in|title=Karnataka Assembly Election Results in 1967|accessdate=2020-06-18}}</ref>
* S. Y. Patil (IND): 13,298 votes

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coords|16.92|76.23|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bijapur district, Karnataka]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]

Kazhcha Chalachithra Vedi

2025-08-24T20:14:15Z

Kanchin789: added basic entry added tags

{{Short description|Film collective in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox recurring event
| name= Kazhcha Chalachithra Vedi
| logo=
| image=
| location= [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| country= [[India]]
| years_active = 2001–present
| founded= 2001
| genre= [[Film Society]]
| website= {{URL|kazhcha.in}}
}}
'''Kazhcha Chalachithra Vedi''' or '''Kazhcha Film Forum''' is a film collective in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It started in the year 2001 at [[Neyyattinkara]] thaluk in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] district as a collective effort of film lovers.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/matter-of-life-and-death/article4124786.ece Matter of life and death - The Hindu]</ref> It has produced three short films. In the year 2013 the film society has been registered under the [[Travancore-Cochin]] Literary, Scientific and Charitable Societies Registration Act, 1955.

==About==
Kazhcha Chalachithra Vedi has produced its first movie "Wonder World" with crowd funding. "Wonderworld" was scripted and directed by [[Sanal Kumar Sasidharan]], Camera was handled by [[Sunny Joseph]] and the film was edited by [[Beena Paul]]. It was exhibited in the competition section of International Video film Festival (IVFest 2003).<ref name="newindianexpress">{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article26453.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108151407/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article26453.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 January 2014|title=Movie out of a blog|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|location=Kochi, India|date=2009-01-07}}</ref> In the year 2008 Kazhcha Chalachithra Vedi has produced another short movie "Parole".

In 2012 It has produced its third short movie Frog, which has participated in many international Short film festivals and awarded best [[Television film|telefilm]] in the Kerala state television awards 2012 instituted by [[Kerala State Chalachitra Academy]]. It has also received award for best background music and a special jury mention for acting.

Kazhcha Chalachithra Vedi has produced it first feature film [[Oraalppokkam]] with crowd sourcing in 2014. Noted Indo-English Poet and activist [[Meena Kandasamy]] and noted Producer-Actor [[Prakash Bare]], Bangali film director Bikrajit Gupta were playing the lead role.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/writer-to-face-the-arc-lights/article5242660.ece Writer to face the arc lights - The Hindu]</ref>

<ref name="epathram">{{cite news|url=http://www.epathram.com/cinema/2008/12/blog-post_10.shtml|title=ബൂലോഗത്തില്‍ നിന്ന് ഒരു സിനിമ|publisher=ePathram|date=2008-12-01}}</ref>
<ref name="keralafilm">{{cite news|url=http://keralafilm.com/images/2012%20TV%20Award%20Announcement%20for%20Press%20print.pdf|title=കേരള സംസ്ഥാന ടെലിവിഷൻ അവാർഡ്‌|publisher=keralafilm|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505161405/http://keralafilm.com/images/2012%20TV%20Award%20Announcement%20for%20Press%20print.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Short films

Kazhcha produced three short films Athisayalokam in 2001, Parole in 2008 and Frog in 2012. All of them were directed by [[Sanal Kumar Sasidharan]]. Athisaya Lokam was a crowd funded attempt inspired from the great film activist and visionary director [[John Abraham (director)|John Abraham]]. The short film was produced by the small contributions collected from the people of Perumkadavila, Marayamuttom, Keezharoor and other parts of Thiruvananthapuram district.<ref>[https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2017/12/24/kazcha-film-forum-inviting-concepts-for-making-crowd-funded-movie.html Kazhcha Film Forum inviting concepts for making crowd-funded movie - On Manorama ]</ref>

[[File:Athisayalokam.jpg|thumb|left|Shooting stills from Athisayalokam]]

==Feature films==
In 2013 Kazhcha started its first full-length feature film, [[Oraalppokkam]] through crowd funding. More than 100 people contributed to this production and this film was again directed by [[Sanal Kumar Sasidharan]]. [[Prakash Bare]] and [[Meena Kandasamy]] acted in the lead roles and the film won [[International Federation of Film Critics]] (FIPRESCI) and [[Network for the Promotion of Asian Cinema]] (NETPAC) awards in the [[International Film Festival of Kerala]]. It also won [[Kerala State Film Awards]] Best Director for [[Sanal Kumar Sasidharan]], Best Location Sound Recording for [[Sandeep Kurissery]] and [[Jiji P Joseph]].<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/meena-kandasamy-to-face-the-arc-lights/article5241224.ece Meena Kandasamy to face the arc lights - The Hindu ]</ref><ref>[http://www.ytalkies.com/mollywood-film-news/oraalppokkam-going-places ‘Oraalppokkam’ going places - Ytalkies ]</ref><ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/sandeep-kurissery-and-jiji-joseph-who-won-kerala-state-film-award-for-best-live-sound/article7557201.ece Resounding success - The Hindu ]</ref>

In 2016 Kazhcha has produced its second feature film, Eli Eli Lama Sabachthani? again through crowd funding. The film is produced in Marathi language. The film was directed by [[Jiju Antony]]. The film has been screened in major international film festivals in India.<ref>[https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/eli-eli-lama-sabachthani-28956 The crowdfunded feature, directed by Jiju Antony - Cinestaan ]</ref>

In 2018 Kazhcha has announced its third feature film project by an entire women crew.<ref>[https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2017/12/24/kazcha-film-forum-inviting-concepts-for-making-crowd-funded-movie.html Kazhcha Film Forum inviting concepts for making crowd-funded movie - Onmanorama ]</ref>

==Cinemavandi==
{{Main|Cinemavandi}}
In the year 2015, Kazhcha Started Cinemavandi, for the parallel distribution of [[Oraalppokkam]]. Film maker [[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]] inaugurated the Cinema vandi movement.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/movie-on-wheels/article6815232.ece Movie on wheels - The Hindu ]</ref> Cinema Vandi traveled through [[Kerala]] and screened the film in more than 100 locations. The Cinemavandi travelled across Kerala with projector, screen and sound equipment.<ref>[https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/the-best-director-award-came-as-a-surprise/20150902.htm 'The best director award came as a surprise' - Rediff ]</ref> Following the successful run of Cinema Vandi, [[Oraalppokkam]] was released in movie theaters across Kerala <ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/sanalkumar-sasidharan-on-the-release-of-oraalppokkam/article7711438.ece New heights of cinematic creativity - The Hindu ]</ref>

In 2016 [[Cinema Vandi]] again traveled with [[Savam]] by [[Don Palathara]]<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/%E2%80%98Cinema-Vandi%E2%80%99-is-back-on-the-road/article13995809.ece ‘Cinema Vandi’ is back on the road - The Hindu ]</ref> and it could screen the film in more than 60 localities. In 2017 Cinema Vandi travelled with Ozhivudivasathe Kali, Oraalppokkam and Kari, which was the third attempt by Cinema Vandi<ref>[https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2015/jul/21/karie-to-be-released-via-cinema-cab-789021.html Karie to be Released via Cinema Cab - The Hindu ]</ref>

[[File:Cinemavandi inauguration.jpg|thumb|right|Cinemavandi inauguration]]

==Film festival==
[[File:KIFF2017.jpg|thumb|right|Kazhcha Indie Film Festival 2017]]
Kazhcha Indie Film Festival started in 2017 to counter the selection process in [[IFFK]]. [[Anand Gandhi]] inaugurated the festival. The festival runs alongside IFFK for four days.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-first-edition-of-kazhcha-indie-film-fest-showcases-indie-films-and-documentaries/article21290093.ece Kazhcha Indie Film Fest gives a platform for indie movies - The Hindu ]</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/kazcha-indie-film-festival-to-begin-on-friday/articleshow/61966552.cms Kazcha Indie Film Festival to begin on Friday - Times of India ]</ref> The first edition of the film festival has screened 13 indie films from across the country which were rejected in [[IFFK]].<ref>[https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2017/dec/4/9703/kazhcha-indie-film-festival-announces-lineup-with-12-indies Kazhcha Indie Film Festival announces lineup with 13 indies - Cinestan ]</ref> In 2018 Kazhcha renamed the festival as Kniff, [[Kazhcha-Niv Indie film Fest]], partnering with [[Niv Art Movies]].<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kniff-film-fest-from-today/article25683416.ece KNIFF film fest from today - The Hindu ]</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.kazhcha.in Official website]

[[Category:Film collectives]]
[[Category:Companies based in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Indian artist groups and collectives]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in Kerala]]

Watter Khani

2025-08-08T23:07:53Z

Kanchin789: started the details w/ refs...

{{refimprove|date=February 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Watter Khani
| governing_body =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 969<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=116|title= Population|work=Census India|access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=30 May 2021 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 193222<ref name="Watter Khani">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Watter+Khani+193224/@34.47754,74.2968715,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x38e0db3c617a5037:0xa1afb49d25035b68!8m2!3d34.6191952!4d74.0505752?hl=en&authuser=0|title=Watter Khani (Google Maps)|work=Google Maps|access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref>
| registration_plate = JK-09
| website =
| footnotes =
| population_footnotes =
| government_type =
| subdivision_type = Country
| named_for =
| nickname = WatterKhaai
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| other_name = Water Khani
| coordinates = {{coord|34.4775499|N|74.2968715|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kupwara district|Kupwara]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| official_name =
}}

'''Watter Khani''' is a village in [[Kupwara district]] of the [[India|Indian]] [[States and union territories of India|union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. The village is located at a distance of {{convert|7|km}} from district headquarters [[Kupwara|Kupwara town]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Watter Khani Location - Google Maps|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Watter+Khani+193224/@34.47754,74.2968715,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x38e0db3c617a5037:0xa1afb49d25035b68!8m2!3d34.6191952!4d74.0505752?hl=en&authuser=0|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-05|website=Google Maps}}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Watter Khani has 152 households.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Watter Khani Population - Census India|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=116|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-05|website=Census India}}</ref> The literacy rate of Watter Khani was 64.49% compared to 67.16% of Jammu and Kashmir. In Watter Khani, Male literacy stands at 35.29% while the female literacy rate was 29.20%.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Watter Khani Literary - Census India|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=116|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Census India}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Demographics (2011 Census)
!
!Total
!Male
!Female
|-
|Population
|969
|481
|488
|-
|Children aged below 6 years
|134
|68
|66
|-
|[[Scheduled caste]]
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Scheduled tribe]]
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Literacy]]
|64.49%
|35.29%
|29.20%
|-
|Workers (all)
|199
|183
|16
|-
|Main workers (all)
|120
|9
|11
|-
|Marginal workers (total)
|79
|74
|5
|}

== Transport ==

=== Road ===
Watter Khani is connected by road with other places in Jammu and Kashmir and India through [[National Highway 701 (India)|NH 701]].

=== Rail ===
The nearest railway stations to Watter Khani are [[Sopore railway station]] and [[Baramulla railway station]] both located at a distance of 40.5 kilometres from Watter Khani.

=== Air ===
The nearest airport is [[Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport|Srinagar International Airport]] located at a distance of 90 kilometres.

== See also ==
* [[Trehgam]]
*[[Kigam]]
* [[Wavoora]]
* [[Lolab Valley]]
* [[Gurez]]
* [[Tulail Valley]]

== References ==
<references />

{{Villages in Kupwara district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kupwara district]]

Taljhari, Sahibganj

2025-07-27T02:04:40Z

Kanchin789: expanded content

{{About|the village in Jharkhand, India|its namesake community development block|Taljhari}}
{{other uses|Taljhari (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Taljhari
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.103744|N|87.733189|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sahibganj district|Sahibganj]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1377
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages (*For language details see [[Taljhari#Language and religion]])
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 816129
| area_code_type = Telephone/ STD code
| area_code = 06426
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Rajmahal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajmahal]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Borio (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Borio]]
| website = {{URL|sahibganj.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Taljhari''' is a village in the [[Taljhari]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Rajmahal subdivision]] of the [[Sahibganj district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=460| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|24|51|0|N|87|33|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the Sahibganj, Godda and Pakur districts in Santhal Pargana Division''' M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious/ tourist centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|25|5|15|N|87|28|20|E}} | label-pos1=top|label1= Bara Boarijore | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Bara Boarijore]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|40|41|N|87|10|19|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Poraiyahat| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Poraiyahat]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|59|41|N|87|12|7|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Basantrai| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Basantrai, Godda]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|25|9|2|N|87|19|20|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Belbadda| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Belbadda]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|25|12|52|N|87|23|28|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Dhamri| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Dhamri]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|25|5|50|N|87|14|0|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Hanwara| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Hanwara]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|25|3|45|N|87|22|0|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7= Lalmatia| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Lalmatia, Godda]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|25|11|40|N|87|22|17|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Mehrma| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Mehrma]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|49|46|N|87|7|50|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Motia| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Motia]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|25|4|30|N|87|14|20|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Parsa| numbered10=R| mark-title10=[[Parsa, Godda]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|56|44|N|87|16|37|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Pathargama| numbered11=R| mark-title11=[[Pathargama, Godda]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|55|10|N|87|20|50|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Rajabhita| numbered12=R| mark-title12=[[Rajabhita]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|45|18|N|87|21|43|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Sunderpahari| numbered13=R| mark-title13=[[Sunderpahari, Godda]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|44|48|N|87|49|34|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Kotalpokhar| numbered14=R| mark-title14=[[Kotalpokhar]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|25|8|37|N|87|29|55|E}} | label-pos15=top|label15= Mandro|labela15=Damin Bazar| numbered15=R| mark-title15=[[Mandro Damin Bazar]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|25|14|40|N|87|29|48|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Mirzachauki| numbered16=R| mark-title16=[[Mirzachauki]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|50|0|N|87|45|41|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Pathna| numbered17=R| mark-title17=[[Pathna, Sahibganj]] (R)
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|52|46|N|87|52|45|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Radhanagar| numbered18=R| mark-title18=[[Radhanagar, Sahibganj]] (R)
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|50|50|N|87|41|16|E}} | label-pos19=bottom|label19= Ranga| numbered19=R| mark-title19=[[Ranga, Sahibganj]] (R)
|mark-coord20={{coord|25|6|13|N|87|43|59|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Taljhari| numbered20=R| mark-title20=Taljhari, Sahibganj (R)
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|57|30|N|87|51|22|E}} | label-pos21=top|label21= Udhwa| numbered21=R| mark-title21=[[Udhwa]] (R)
|mark-coord22={{coord|24|32|0|N|87|34|18|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Amrapara| numbered22=R| mark-title22=[[Amrapara]] (R)
|mark-coord23={{coord|24|42|45|N|87|42|17|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Hiranpur| numbered23=R| mark-title23=[[Hiranpur]] (R)
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|41|41|N|87|37|1|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Litipara| numbered24=R| mark-title24=[[Litipara]] (R)
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|29|40|N|87|45|42|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Maheshpur| numbered25=R| mark-title25=[[Maheshpur, Pakur]] (R)
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|20|15|N|87|38|50|E}} | label-pos26= right|label26= Pakuria| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Pakuria]] (R)
|mark-coord27={{coord|24|32|14|N|87|30|17|E}} | label-pos27=top|label27= Panchuara| numbered27=R| mark-title27=[[Panchuara]] (R)
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|50|10|N|87|13|12|E}} | label-pos28=top|label28=Godda| numbered28=M| mark-title28= [[Godda]] (M) |label-size28=12 |label-color28=#800000
|mark-coord29={{coord|25|3|0|N|87|50|24|E}} | label-pos29=bottom|label29=Rajmahal| numbered29=M| mark-title29= [[Rajmahal]] (M) |label-size29=12 |label-color29=#800000
|mark-coord30={{coord|25|15|0|N|87|39|0|E}} | label-pos30=bottom|label30=Sahebganj| numbered30=M| mark-title30= [[Sahebganj]] (M) |label-size30=12 |label-color30=#800000
|mark-coord31={{coord|24|37|30|N|87|51|0|E}} | label-pos31=bottom|label31=Pakur| numbered31=M| mark-title31= [[Pakur]] (M) |label-size31=12 |label-color31=#800000
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|52|26|N|87|35|33|E}} | label-pos32=bottom|label32= Bhognadih| numbered32=H| mark-title32=[[Bhognadih]] (H) | shape-color32=#AA6666
|mark-coord33={{coord|25|15|39|N|87|32|18|E}} | label-pos33=top|label33= Teliagarhi| numbered33=H| mark-title33=[[Teliagarhi]] (H) | shape-color33=#AA6666
|mark-coord34={{coord|25|11|25|N|87|43|34|E}} | label-pos34=right|label34= Moti Jharna| numbered34=H| mark-title34=[[Moti Jharna]] (H) | shape-color34=#AA6666
|mark-coord35={{coord|25|14|50|N|87|42|55|E}} | label-pos35=right|label35= Sakrigali| numbered35=H| mark-title35=[[Sakrigali]] (H) | shape-color35=#AA6666
|mark-coord36={{coord|25|3|10|N|87|20|20|E}} | label-pos36=left|label36=Rajmahal coalfield |numbered36=0 | mark-title36=[[Rajmahal coalfield]] (A)| label-size36=12| shape-color36=#AA6666
|mark-coord37={{coord|25|1|10|N|87|18|50|E}}| label-pos37=bottom|label37=Mahagama| numbered37=CT| mark-title37= [[Mahagama]] (CT) |shape-color3= #A40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|24|48|21|N|87|19|27|E}}| label-pos38=left|label38=Sarauni| numbered38=CT| mark-title38= [[Sarauni]] (CT) |shape-color38= #A40000
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|51|10|N|87|46|37|E}}| label-pos39=top|label39=Barharwa| numbered39=CT| mark-title39= [[Barharwa]] (CT) |shape-color39= #A40000
|mark-coord40={{coord|24|54|30|N|87|37|20|E}}| label-pos40=right|label40=Berhait Bazar| numbered40=CT| mark-title40= [[Berhait Bazar]] (CT) |shape-color40= #A40000
|mark-coord41={{coord|24|54|50|N|87|35|40|E}}| label-pos41=top|label41=Berhait Santali| numbered41=CT| mark-title41= [[Berhait Santali]] (CT) |shape-color41= #A40000
|mark-coord42={{coord|25|2|5|N|87|35|55|E}}| label-pos42=top|label42=Borio| numbered42=CT| mark-title42= [[Borio, Sahibganj]] (CT) |shape-color42= #A40000
|mark-coord43={{coord|24|57|20|N|87|49|20|E}}| label-pos43=left|label43=Patra| numbered43=CT| mark-title43= [[Patra, Sahibganj]] (CT) |shape-color43= #A40000
|mark-coord44={{coord|25|0|0|N|87|44|26|E}}| label-pos44=left|label44=Tin Pahar| numbered44=CT| mark-title44= [[Tin Pahar]] (CT) |shape-color44= #A40000
|mark-coord45={{coord|24|55|45|N|87|50|32|E}}| label-pos45=left|label45=Kumarpur| numbered45=CT| mark-title45= [[Kumarpur]] (CT) |shape-color45= #A40000
|mark-coord46={{coord|24|38|40|N|87|53|15|E}}| label-pos46=left|label46=Raghunandanpur| numbered46=CT| mark-title46= [[Raghunandanpur]] (CT) |shape-color46= #A40000
|mark-coord47={{coord|24|40|13|N|87|51|5|E}}| label-pos47=left|label47=Sagarmpur| numbered47=CT| mark-title47= [[Sagarmpur]] (CT) |shape-color47= #A40000
|mark-coord48={{coord|25|15|30|N|87|43|0|E}} |label48= Ganges| label-color48 = #77A1CB| label-angle48=0| label-pos48=top| label-size48=10| mark-size48=0| mark-title48 =none
|mark-coord49={{coord|24|38|38|N|87|18|29|E}} | label-pos49=left|label49= Dewdanr| numbered49=R| mark-title49=[[Dewdanr]] (R)
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|20|0|N|87|25|0|E}}|arc-textA= RAJMAHAL HILLS| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-101| arc-gapA=2.7| arc-radiusA=1.15
|arc-coordB={{coord|25|18|0|N|87|15|0|E}}|arc-textB= BIHAR| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-40| arc-gapB=7.5| arc-radiusB=0.35
|arc-coordC={{coord|25|20|50|N|87|53|40|E}}|arc-textC= WEST BENGAL| arc-text-colorC=hard grey| arc-angleC=40| arc-gapC=5.0| arc-radiusC=0.4}}

===Location===
Taljhari is located at {{coord|25.103744|N|87.733189|E|display=inline}}.

Taljhari has an area of {{convert|149|ha}}.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2007_PART_B_DCHB_SAHIBGANJ.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Sahibganj, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Page 25: District Primary Census Abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 2 December 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Taljhari had a total population of 1,377, of which 691 (50%) were males and 688 (50%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 229. The total number of literate persons in Taljhari was 701 (61.06% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011/>

==Civic administration==
===Police station===
Taljhari police station serves the Taljhari CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/sahibganj| title = District Police Profile - Sahibganj| publisher = Jharkhand Police| accessdate = 2 December 2020| archive-date = 24 November 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201124041957/https://jhpolice.gov.in/sahibganj| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://sahibganj.nic.in/police/ | title = Police | publisher = Government of Jharkhand | accessdate = 2 December 2020}}</ref>

===CD block HQ===
Headquarters of Taljhari CD block is at Taljhari village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2007_PART_A_DCHB_SAHIBGANJ.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Sahibganj, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Sahibganj on the third page|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 1 December 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
Model School Taljhari is an English-medium coeducational institution established in 2011. It has facilities for teaching from class VI to class XII.
<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/sahibganj/20090903806/model-school-taljhari.html | title = Model School Taljhari | publisher = Schools.org.in | accessdate = 2 December 2020}}</ref>

Project Girls High School is a ?-medium girls only institution established in 1985. It has facilities for teaching from class VII to class X.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/sahibganj/20090903705/project-girls-high-school.html | title =Project Girls High School | publisher = Schools.org.in | accessdate = 2 December 2020}}</ref>

Government Girls High School is a Hindi-medium girls only institution established in 1965. It has facilities for teaching from class I to class X.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://schools.org.in/sahibganj/20090903703/upg-govt-hs-girls-taljhari.html | title = UPG Govt HS Girls Taljhari| publisher = Schools.org.in | accessdate = 2 December 2020}}</ref>

[[Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya]] Taljhari is a Hindi-medium girls only institution established in 2005. It has facilities for teaching from class VI to class XII.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://schools.org.in/sahibganj/20090903704/kgbv-taljhari.html | title = KGBV Taljhari| publisher = Schools.org | accessdate = 2 December 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Santhal Parganas Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Sahibganj district]]

Janpath

2025-07-01T03:31:33Z

Kanchin789: added references

{{short description|Main radial road in New Delhi}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2009}}
{{coord|28.6278172|77.2189594|display=title}}

[[Image:CrossingJanpath.jpg|right|224px|thumb|View south while crossing Janpath on foot with care, 2006.]] [[Image:JanpathOfficeBuildings.jpg|225px|thumb|Commercial offices along Janpath, 2006.]]
'''Janpath''' (meaning '''People's Path''', [[British Raj|formerly]] known as '''Queensway''') is one of the main roads in New Delhi. It starts out as Radial Road 1 in [[Connaught Place, New Delhi|Connaught Place]], adjacent to [[Palika Bazaar]], and runs north–south perpendicular to [[Rajpath|Kartavya Path]] (earlier Rajpath or the "Rulers' path"). Originally called Queen's Way, it was an important part of [[Edwin Lutyens|Lutyens]]' design of the administrative [[New Delhi]], upon the inauguration of new capital of India in 1931. Janpath Market is one of the most famous markets for tourists (both Indian and foreign) in New Delhi. The market essentially is a long line of boutique stores selling products which are hard to find in the malls and multi-chain stores of the city. The long line of boutiques is for budget travellers and shoppers, buyers of handicrafts and garments, curio and numerous Indian-style fast-food places.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wcities.com/en/record/62,319640/684/record.html |title=Janpath Market |access-date=21 August 2009 |archive-date=17 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717102534/http://www.wcities.com/en/record/62,319640/684/record.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was created during the [[Construction of New Delhi]].

==Overview==
In the north this road stretches from the [[Connaught Place, New Delhi|Connaught Place]]. In the south it ends up at the intersection of [[Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road]] and junction of South end road and [[Tees January Marg]], where Hotel Claridges lies.

Commercial offices can be found along Janpath, as its central location accounts for high real estate values. Also on the stretch are the Western Court and Eastern Court buildings, the former serves as a transit hostel for members of parliament, while the latter is a post office and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd (MTNL) office.<ref name=bus04/> To the south of Rajpath, the road is largely residential, with the exception of the National Museum, and large Lutyen's bungalow of Ministers.

==Janpath market==
[[File:Shop1.JPG|thumb|Popular Shawl boutique in Janpath.]]
The Janpath market stretches around {{convert|1.5|km|abbr=on|adj=on}} from the Outer Circle of Connaught Place to Windsor Place.<ref name=bus04>{{cite news |title=Janpath: Oxford Street in the making |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/04/10/stories/2004041001710100.htm |work=Business Line|location=Chennai |date=10 April 2004 }}</ref> Janpath Market is one of the most famous markets for tourists (both Indian and foreign) in New Delhi. The market essentially is a long line of boutique stores selling products which cannot be found in today's malls and showrooms of the city. It is also one of the oldest markets of New Delhi with establishment of some boutiques dating back to 1950. It is most popular for the exquisite ''Pashmina'' Shawl from Kashmir. Most markets in Delhi are known to carry duplicates however one can find the original quality here. Among other exquisite items are the ''Kashmiri'' wool shawls and scarves, Indian ''Kurtis'' and ''Churidars'' brass ornaments and artefacts, carpets and other gift items. The Indian Tourist Office is on the corner of Janpath and Connaught Lane, and good maps can be purchased there. Between Fire Lane and the Imperial Hotel, the [[Tibet]]an Market can be found which has a wide range of Himalayan arts and crafts. Musical instruments, wall hangings and bead shops are in abundance. Behind the Tibetan Market, on [[Tolstoy Marg]], is the [[Jantar Mantar]], an astrological instrument of immense proportions.
[[File:Night view of Janpath, 2012.JPG|thumb|left|Night view of Janpath]]
The Janpath Market also has an abundance of walking [[vendor]]s who sell trinkets, such as necklaces, chunky jewellery, [[jooti]]s, handicraft items. drums, horns and postcards, particularly to foreigners, most of whom now know about the bargaining required.<ref>{{cite news|title=Foreigners throng Janpath market |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/015200811161340.htm |work=The Hindu |date=16 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709234243/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/015200811161340.htm |archive-date= 9 July 2013 }}</ref>

==Junctions & intersections==
[[File:Delhi-janpath298.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Janpath commercial area, 2006]]
*Intersection with [[Rajpath]]
*Intersection of Akbar road and Motilal Nehru Marg, Dr. Rajendra Prashad road and Maulana Azad road.
*One junction is at Windsor place, where intersection of Ashok road is made by junction of Ferozshah road and Raisina road.

==Janpath Metro Station==
[[Janpath metro station|Janpath Metro Station]]; part of Phase III of the Delhi Metro Project by The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC). The Janpath Metro Station is a part of the [[Violet Line (Delhi Metro)]]. The Janpath metro station opened on 26 June 2014.

==Important buildings==
[[File:Handicraft shop, on Janpath, New Delhi.jpg|right|200px|thumb|A Handicraft shop, on Janpath, New Delhi]]
* [[National Museum, New Delhi|National Museum]]
* [[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]] (IGNCA)
* [[National Archives of India]]
* [[10 Janpath]], official residence of the former [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] president.
* [[1, Janpath]], official residence of the [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]], [[Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]
* Hungarian Cultural Centre, 1 Janpath
* Hotels: [[The Imperial, New Delhi|The Imperial]], Hotel Janpath, Le Merdien Hotel, Shangrila, Claridges hotel
* Restaurants: Beer Cafe, Pind Balluchi Janpath, CCD, 52 Janpath, Informal, Bunta Bar
* Central Cottage Industries Emporium
* Scindia House

==In popular culture==
In popular culture it became the title, of noted play, titled ''Janpath Kiss'' (1976).<ref>''The Janpath kiss'', by Akhileshwar Jha. Sterling Publishers, 1976.</ref> It is mentioned in [[Daniel Odier]]'s ''Tantric Quest, Encounter With Absolute Love'' (1996).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://es.scribd.com/document/536294294/Tantric-Quest-Encounter-With-Absolute-Love-Daniel-Odier# | title=Tantric Quest, Encounter with Absolute Love-Daniel Odier | PDF }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Janpath}}
* [http://www.delhihelp.com/janpath-market-Shopping-article-48.aspx Janpath Market] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131161946/http://www.delhihelp.com/janpath-market-Shopping-article-48.aspx |date=31 January 2010 }}
* [http://www.bharatonline.com/delhi/shopping-places/janpath.html Janpath Shopping]

[[Category:Streets in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Roads in Delhi]]
[[Category:Works of Edwin Lutyens in India]]

Smita Singh

2025-06-29T18:43:36Z

Kanchin789:

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1980)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{No footnotes|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Smita Singh
| image =
| caption =
| othername =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1980|12|16}}
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| yearsactive = 2001–present
| occupation = [[Actress]]
}}
'''Smita Singh''' (born 16 December 1980) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] actress who appeared in the television show ''Bhagyavidhaata'' and is known for her portrayal of the leading [[Antagonist|vamp]] character Punpunwali. She has also acted in the TV serial ''[[Kkusum]]'' and in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Hitler Didi]],'' for which she was nominated for Best Actor in a Comedy Role by the ''[[Indian Telly Awards]]''. In 2016, she played the negative role of Kosi Devi in [[Colors TV]]'s popular show ''[[Thapki Pyar Ki]]''.

==Personal life==
'''Smita Singh''' was born on 16 December 1980, in [[Lucknow]], to Dr Pratap Singh, an [[anesthetist]], and Veena Singh, a homemaker. She has a younger sister, Smriti Singh. She went to Cathedral school Lucknow, then I.T. College Lucknow and did her graduation from Lucknow University.
From a very young age, she started working in plays and worked for television as a child actor in Lucknow. In 2001, she moved to [[Mumbai]].

==Television==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Show !! Role !! Channel
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii]]'' || Cameo Role || [[Star Plus]]
|-
| 2001–2002 || ''[[Kkusum]]'' || Sonali Deshmukh || [[Sony Entertainment Television (India) | Sony TV]]
|-
| 2001–2002 || ''[[Kohi Apna Sa]]'' || Urvashi Gill || [[Zee TV]]
|-
| 2004–2006 || ''[[Remix (TV series)|Remix]]'' || Kuki || [[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star One]]
|-
| 2004–2006 || ''[[Instant Khichdi]]'' || Saadhvi Sandhya Devi || [[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star One]]
|-
| 2006–2008 || ''[[Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki]]'' || Chameli || [[Sahara One]]
|-
| 2009–2011 || ''Bhagyavidhaata'' || "Pun Pun Wali" Shobha Sinha || [[Colors TV]]
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Baba Aiso Varr Dhoondo]]'' || Cameo || [[NDTV Imagine]]
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Looteri Dulhan]]'' || Dehli Singh || [[NDTV Imagine]]
|-
| 2011–2013 || ''[[Hitler Didi]]'' || Sunaina Sharma / Guru Maa || [[Zee TV]]
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Rishton Ka Mela]]'' || Kamla || [[Zee TV]]
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Shastri Sisters]]'' || Guggal Pandey || [[Colors TV]]
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Dr. Bhanumati On Duty]]'' || || [[SAB TV]]
|-
| 2016–2017|| ''[[Thapki Pyaar Ki]]'' || Kosi Devi / Kalavti Devi || [[Colors TV]]
|-
| 2018–2019 || ''[[Karn Sangini]]'' || Gauri || [[Star Plus]]
|-
| 2019–2020 || ''[[Tera Kya Hoga Alia]]'' || Durga Parihaar || [[SAB TV]]
|-
| 2022 || [[Sab Satrangi]] || Mandy || [[SAB TV]]
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Main Hoon Aparajita]]''
| Kalpana Singh
| [[Zee TV]]
|-
|}

===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2013 || ''[[My Friend Ganesha 4]]'' || Smita ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[P Se Pyaar F Se Faraar]]'' || Omveers wife ||
|-
| 2021 || ''Cash''|| Alka Shrivastava ||
|}

===Reality shows===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! TV Channel
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Comedy Circus]]'' || Participant || [[Sony TV]]
|-
| 2010-2011 || ''[[Kitchen Champion]]'' || season 1 Participant, Season 2 Host (for one episode), Season 4 Host (Full season)|| [[Colors (TV channel)|Colors]]
|-
|2010 || ''[[Big Money: Chota Parda Bada Game|Big Money]]'' || Participant (Vamp Special) || [[Imagine TV]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Additional sources===
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/No-place-for-simple-people-in-TV-industry-Smita-Singh/articleshow/10605467.cms No place for simple people in TV industry: Smita Singh - The Times of India]
* [https://archive.today/20130103065453/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-16/tv/28551660_1_illness-reality-show-producers Smita Singh lies about illness – Times Of India]
* [https://archive.today/20130103130542/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-17/tv/30525427_1_smita-singh-bhagyavidhaata-extra-weight Smita Singh’s moonlighting activities - Times Of India]
* [https://archive.today/20130103080104/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-13/tv/30511200_1_smita-singh-director-shot-bed Smita Singh catches a few winks in the middle of a shot! - Times Of India]
* [https://archive.today/20130103125537/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-05/tv/30112997_1_landlady-house-tail-lights Punpunwali harassed! - Times Of India]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161006030516/http://www.sify.com/movies/i-want-to-stay-away-from-saas-bahu-sagas-tv-actress-smita-news-national-lduiObhjjab.html I want to stay away from saas-bahu sagas: TV actress Smita]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Smita}}
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1980 births]]

Malladi

2025-05-09T03:32:17Z

Kanchin789:

'''Malladi''' is name of a village in Palnadu district (erstwhile Guntur district) of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, and is also a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] surname.

==People==

* [[Malladi Brothers]], Malladi Sreeramprasad and Malladi Ravikumar, are a Carnatic music vocalist duo.
* [[Malladi Amulya]], is an author.
* [[Malladi Chandrasekhara Sastry]], a scholar in the [[Vedas]] and [[Puranas]] texts.
* [[Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry]], Telugu writer and lyricist.
* [[Malladi Satyalingam Naicker]], founder of M.S.N.Charities by his will.
* [[Malladi Venkata Krishna Murthy]] is a Telugu writer.
* [[Malladi Lakshmi Narayana]] is a very popular Telugu Astrologer.
* Malladi Vasudev is a famous lawyer, & Past Dist. Governor in Rotary International.
Malladi Srinivas is a scientist working on cancer metastasis and treatment.

==Place==
*[[Malladi, Guntur district]], a village in [[Guntur district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]

{{Disambiguation}}
[[Category:Telugu-language surnames]]

Jaitpura Gudha

2025-05-02T22:58:46Z

Kanchin789: added the stub nd citations!

{{Short description|Village in Bhind District}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=January 2023}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jaitpura Gudha
| coordinates = {{coord|26.2852874|N|79.0032453|E|display=inline,title}}
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| governing_body =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bhind district|Bhind]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| unit_pref = Metric
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 28
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages, English
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN Code]]
| postal_code = 477441
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07534
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#MP.E2.80.94Madhya Pradesh|MP]]-30
| website = Bhind.nic.in
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
| Populer Schools =
| Populer Colleges =
}}
'''Jaitpura Gudha''' is a village in [[Bhind district|Bhind District]] and it comes under Gudha [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]] which comes under [[Mihona]] Tehsil and it comes under [[Lahar, India|Lahar]] Vidhan Sabha which is an [[assembly constituency]] in Bhind district in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref> As of 2011 India census, Jaitpura Gudha has a population of over 1778.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Bhind district]]

Shashi Ranjan (cricketer)

2025-04-04T01:04:38Z

Kanchin789: started first article basic info

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1981)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Shashi Ranjan
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Fatehpur , Munger|Jamalpur]], [[Bihar]], India
| nickname = Sashi
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[off break]]
| role =
| country = [[India national cricket team|India]]
| club1 = [[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]
| year1 = 2001/02–2002/03
| columns = 2
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| column2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches1 = 2
| matches2 = 5
| runs1 = 28
| runs2 = 15
| bat avg1 = 14.00
| bat avg2 = 5.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score1 = 26*
| top score2 = 13
| deliveries1 = 486
| deliveries2 = 288
| wickets1 = 3
| wickets2 = 5
| bowl avg1 = 102.33
| bowl avg2 = 41.00
| fivefor1 = 0
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling1 = 3/170
| best bowling2 = 3/30
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/0
| catches/stumpings2 = 2/0
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/33097.html ESPNcricinfo
| date = 10 July
| year = 2013
}}

'''Shashi Ranjan''' (born 2 November 1981) is an Indian former cricketer who played for [[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Shashi Ranjan |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/9/9958/9958.html |website=CricketArchive |access-date=18 March 2025 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> He was born in [[Jamalpur, Munger|Jamalpur]], [[Bihar]].<ref name=ESPNcricinfo>{{cite web|title=Players / India / Shashi Ranjan|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/33097.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=11 July 2013}}</ref> He was brought by [[Delhi Daredevils]] for the [[2010 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League 2010 / Delhi Daredevils Squad|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/squad/448331.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=11 July 2013}}</ref> In 2017 he became a teacher in [[Pathways Schools]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranjan, Shashi}}
[[Category:Bihar cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1981 births]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1980s-stub}}

Varanasi Tehsil

2023-11-04T14:21:45Z

Kanchin789: expand details based on references and improved wording

#REDIRECT [[Varanasi tehsil]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Aviation industry of India

2023-10-17T01:51:55Z

Kanchin789: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[Aviation in India]]