Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Bengal–Kamata War

2026-05-07T07:19:10Z

KINGRON:

{{Short description|Late 15th century conflict in Bengal}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Bengal Sultanate–Kamata Kingdom War
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| date = 1498<ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Kamata-Kamatapura | title=Kamata-Kamatapura |website=Banglapedia}}</ref>
| place = [[North Bengal]] and [[Western Assam]]
| territory = Bengal Sultanate annexes upto Hajo
| result = Bengal Sultanate's victory
| combatant1 = [[Bengal Sultanate]]
| combatant2 = [[Kamata Kingdom]]
| commander1 = '''[[Alauddin Hussain Shah|Hussain Shah]]''' [[Shah Ismail Ghazi]] [[Shahzada Danyal]] Musundar Ghazi
| commander2 = '''[[Nilambar]]''' 
| strength1 = ~20,000 Cavalary ~40,000 Infantry ~100 ships
| strength2 = Large ~15,000 cavalry ~50,000 infantry ~200 ships many war elephants and up to ~10,000 sailors/mariners
| casualties1 = Low
| casualties2 = Nearly the whole army
| notes =
| casus =
| mage2 =
}}
{{Assam History}}
The '''Bengal Sultanate–Kamata Kingdom War''' was a late 15th century conflict between the [[Kamata Kingdom]] and the [[Bengal Sultanate]].<ref name="Bose1989">{{cite book|author=Manilal Bose|title=Social History of Assam: Being a Study of the Origins of Ethnic Identity and Social Tension During the British Period, 1905-1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFJYeS8-TlAC&pg=PA38|year=1989|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-224-8|page=38}}</ref> As a result of the conflict the [[Khen dynasty]] was overthrown and the Bengal Sultanate extended its domain up to the [[Hajo]] in what is present day [[Lower Assam|western Assam]] by 1502. Nevertheless, the Sultanate administration was removed in about ten years by the [[Assamese Bhuyans]] led by Harup Narayan.<ref name="baruah-daniel">"But the rule of the Muslims was short. The Bhuyans made a united attack on Daniel's garrison and destroyed it to the last man."{{harvcol|Baruah|1986|p=181}}</ref>

==Invasion==
The conquest was instigated by Sachipatra, a [[Brahmin]] whose son was executed by King [[Nilambar]] for his promiscuity with the queen.<ref name=nath>{{cite book|last=Nath|first=D.|title=History of the Koch Kingdom, C. 1515-1615|place=Delhi|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=1989|isbn=8170991099|page=70}}</ref> In 1499, Sultan [[Alauddin Husain Shah]] dispatched an army under the command of [[Shah Ismail Ghazi]] to conquer [[Kamata Kingdom|Kamata]].<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Majumdar |editor1-first=R. C. |editor1-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=The Delhi Sultanate |url=https://archive.org/details/delhisultanate0006rcma/page/217/mode/1up |year=1980 |orig-year=First published 1960 |series=The History and Culture of the Indian People |volume=VI |edition=3rd |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |location=Bombay |oclc=664485 |page=217}}</ref> Ghazi's forces besieged the Kamatapur fort and destroyed the city. Hussain Shah imprisoned [[Nilambar of Kamata]] and ended the reign of the [[Khen dynasty]].<ref name=sarkar>{{harvtxt|Sarkar|1992|p=46}}</ref> Though Kamatapur fell in 1498, Hussain Shah was able to annex up to Hajo not before 1502.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Husain_Shah | title=Husain Shah |website=Banglapedia}}</ref><ref>"The annexation of the Khen Kingdom up to Hajo was, however, not completed before Ramzan 907/10 March 1502..." {{harvcol|Sarkar|1992|p=47}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
The region was brought under the administration of Sultanate governors in [[Hajo]]. Hussain Shah minted coins with the proclamation "conqueror of Kāmrū, Kamata, Jajnagar and Urisa".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sircar |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1JYwP5tVQUC&pg=PA21 |title=Studies in Indian Coins |date=2008 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |isbn=978-81-208-2973-2 |p=21 |language=en |quote=Alāuddin Husen Shah (1493-1518 A.D.), described himself as the conqueror of Kamru (i.e Kamarupa) and Kamta and of Urisa (Orissa) and Jajanagar on his issues}}</ref><ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Kamata-Kamatapura}}</ref> He also publicly inscribed the victory at a stone in [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sircar |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1JYwP5tVQUC&pg=PA21 |title=Studies in Indian Coins |date=2008 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |isbn=978-81-208-2973-2 |language=en}}</ref> The Sultan appointed his son, [[Shahzada Danyal]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Desai|first=Ziyaud-Din A.|author-link=Z. A. Desai|title=Purā-prakāśa: Recent Researches in Epigraphy, Numismatics, Manuscriptology, Persian Literature, Art, Architecture, Archaeology, History and Conservation : Dr. Z.A. Desai Commemoration Volume|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKDpAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Tn+the+third+year+of+Husain+Shah%27s+occupation+of+the+throne,+Daniyal+probably+his+eldest+son,+acted+as+his+deputy+in+negotiations+with+Sultan+Sikandar+Lodi%22|year=2003|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|isbn=978-81-8090-007-5|page=244}}</ref> as the governor of the newly conquered region; that reached up to Hajo and intended to expand to Central Assam. Daniyal later fell to the [[Assamese Bhuyans]] within Hussein Shah's lifetime and his rule ended.

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation |last=Baruah |first=S L |title=A Comprehensive History of Assam |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.|place=New Delhi |year=1986}}
* {{Citation |last=Sarkar |first=J. N. |contribution=Chapter II The Turko-Afghan Invasions |editor-last=Barpujari |editor-first=H. K. |title=The Comprehensive History of Assam |volume=2 |pages=35–48 |publisher=Assam Publication Board |place=Guwahati |year=1992}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bengal Sultanate-Kamata Kingdom War}}
[[Category:Wars involving the Bengal Sultanate]]
[[Category:Kingdoms of Assam]]

{{Bangladesh-hist-stub}}

Mera Yuva Bharat

2026-05-06T14:23:20Z

KINGRON: details

{{Short description|Scheme set up by the Government of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox project
| name =
| abbreviation = MY Bharat
| native_name = मेरा युवा भारत
| commercial = No
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| country = [[India]]
| chiefminister =
| state =
|launch_date = {{Start date and age|2023|10|31|df=yes}}
| current_status = Active
| launch_place = [[Rajpath|Kartavya Path]]
| ministry = [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]]
| website = {{URL|mybharat.gov.in}}
}}
'''Mera Yuva Bharat''' ([[Hindi]]): मेरा युवा भारत) is an autonomous body set up by [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports]], [[Government of India]] catering to the youth of India, and serving as an overarching enabling mechanism powered by technology for youth development and youth-led development by providing them equitable access to opportunities. Thus enabling youth to actualise their aspirations and contribute towards the vision of Viksit Bharat by 2047.<ref>{{cite news |title=My Bharat portal will provide platform to crores of youth: Union Minister Anurag Thakur |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/digital-india/my-bharat-portal-will-provide-platform-to-crores-of-youth-union-minister-anurag-thakur/104812923 |agency=Economic Times |date=30 Oct 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=My Bharat portal will provide platform to crores of youth': Union Minister Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/my-bharat-portal-will-provide-platform-to-crores-of-youth-union-minister-anurag-thakur20231029151540/ |agency=ANI News |date=29 Oct 2023}}</ref>

== Name ==
'''MY Bharat''' (MY, an acronym for '''M'''era '''Y'''uva) is a Phygital (Physical+Digital) platform comprising physical activity along with an opportunity to connect [[Digital culture|digitally]].

== Launch ==
MY Bharat portal was launched by the Prime Minister, Shri [[Narendra Modi]] on 31 October 2023 on the occasion of [[National Unity Day (India)|National Unity Day]] at [[Kartavya Path]], New Delhi. It also remarks the birth anniversary of [[Vallabhbhai Patel|Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2023 |title=Govt okays 'MY Bharat' platform for youth to boost volunteerism |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govt-okays-my-bharat-platform-for-youth-to-boost-volunteerism-101697048430356.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2023 |title=Home Minister Shah On 'Mera Yuva Bharat Org' | CM Yogi Adityanath's Big Statement | Top Headlines |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/mirror-now/politics/home-minister-shah-on-mera-yuva-bharat-org-cm-yogi-adityanaths-big-statement-top-headlines-video-104355651 |website=TimesNow}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2023 |title=Centre to create autonomous body Mera Yuva Bharat to 'harness immense youth energy for nation-building' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/cabinet-approves-creation-of-mera-yuva-bharat-autonomous-body-8978525/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Prime Minister launches 'Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat)' platform on the National Unity Day |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1973491 |publisher=PIB |date=31 Oct 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=- PM Modi announces launch of 'Mera Yuva (MY) Bharat' portal for youth |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/pm-modi-announces-la |agency=The Hindu Business Line |date=29 Oct 2023}}</ref>

== History ==
On 11 October 2023, the [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Cabinet]] approved the establishment of the autonomous body, Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat) to benefit the youth in the age-group of 15–29 years, aligning with the definition of ‘Youth’ in the National Youth Policy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cabinet approves establishment of an autonomous body Mera Yuva Bharat |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1966719 |access-date=11 Oct 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=1st Meeting of the Board of Governors (BoG) of Mera Yuva BHARAT (MY Bharat) convened on 2nd November 2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1975122 |publisher=PIB |date=6 Nov 2023}}</ref>

== Reception ==
After the grand unveiling of MY Bharat, the platform resonated powerfully with India's dynamic youth community, garnering widespread acclaim across the nation. Remarkably, within just four months of its inception, MY Bharat surpassed 1 crore 58 lakh registrations as on 9 September 2024, recording more than 60,000 registrations every day, cementing its status as one of the most rapidly growing and influential youth communities in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Registration of Youth crosses 35 lakhs on Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat) portal |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1990761 |publisher=PIB |date=27 Dec 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Akashwani, National News, All India Radio News - Registration of youth on 'Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat)' portal crosses 26 lakhs |url=https://newsonair.gov.in/News?title=Registration-of-youth-on-%26%2339%3BMera-Yuva-Bharat-(MY-Bharat)%26%2339%3B-portal-crosses-26-lakhs&id=473730 |publisher=All India Radio News |date=21 Dec 2023}}</ref>

MY Bharat community is becoming India’s great strength in shaping a bright future for India. This sentiment was echoed by the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi while addressing the Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra when he said that India’s youth through ‘MY Bharat Volunteer’ are strengthening the vision of ‘Viksit Bharat.’<ref>{{cite news |title=India's youth through 'My Bharat Volunteer' are strengthening the vision of 'Viksit Bharat': PM Modi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sfn72UH_-U |date=9 Dec 2023}}</ref> In his address during the Veer Baal Diwas on 26 December 2023, the Prime Minister invited every youth of India to register on the MY Bharat portal while stating that MY Bharat is becoming a big institution for the young daughters and sons of the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akashwani, National News, All India Radio News - Veer Baal Diwas: PM Modi appeals to youth to join Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat) portal |url=https://newsonair.gov.in/News?title=Veera-Baal-Diwas%3A-PM-Modi-appeals-to-youth-to-join-Mera-Yuva-Bharat-(MY-Bharat)-portal&id=474102 |date=27 Dec 2023}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Government of India]]
* [[Digital India]]
* [[National Youth Festival (India)|National Youth Festival]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://yas.nic.in/ Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports]

{{Government Schemes in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2023 introductions]]
[[Category:Government schemes in India]]
[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]
[[Category:Vallabhbhai Patel]]

Patashpur Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T09:08:15Z

KINGRON: added new stub

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{About|the assembly constituency in West Bengal, India|1. its name sake village|Patashpur|2. Its namesake community development block|Patashpur I|3. its another namesake community development block|Patashpur II|}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Patashpur
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Patashpur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Patashpur Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = Uttam Barik
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kanthi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanthi]]
| constituency_no = 212
| established = 1951
| electors = 2,36,413
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Patashpur Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Purba Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 212 Patashpur Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Patashpur I]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]]; Khargram, Panchet, Pataspur, South Khanda and Sreerampur [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Patashpur II]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 6 August 2015| work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Patashpur Assembly constituency is part of No. 31 [[Kanthi (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/> It was earlier part of [[Midnapore (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! M.L.A.
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Jyotirmoy Kar]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[Uttam Barik]]
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Patashpur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pijus Kanti Panda
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage = 40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Tapan Maity
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage = 45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Saikat Giri
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage = 10
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pranab Kumar Mahapatra
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2021]]: Patashpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Uttam Barik]]
|votes = 105,299
|percentage = 50.42
|change = -4.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Ambujaksha Mahanti|votes=95,305|percentage=45.64|change=+40.28}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Saikat Giri|votes=6,631|percentage=3.18|change=-35.60}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=861|percentage=0.41|change=-0.18}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Surjyendu Bikash Patra|votes=731|percentage=0.35|change=-0.05}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=208,827|percentage=91.61|change=+2.92}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Patashpur}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Jyotirmoy Kar
|votes = 103,567
|percentage = 54.51
|change = +4.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Makhanlal Nayak
|votes = 73,679
|percentage = 38.78
|change = -7.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Swapan Kumar Dutta
|votes = 10,193
|percentage = 5.36
|change = +2.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 1,112
|percentage = 0.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Surjyendu Bikash Patra
|votes = 765
|percentage = 0.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Subrata Guria
|votes = 684
|percentage = 0.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 190,000
|percentage = 88.69
|change = -4.02
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Patashpur<ref>{{cite web|url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25212.htm|title = Patashpur|work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results|publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2011-05-17}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=212| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120519165008/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=212| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 19 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Patashpur| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Patashpur |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-01 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030612/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Jyotirmoy Kar
|votes = 84,452
|percentage = 49.93
|change = +0.32#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Makhanlal Nayak
|votes = 77,802
|percentage = 46.00
|change = -4.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Asish Das
|votes = 4,104
|percentage = 2.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mohan Rana
|votes = 1,113
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Prafulla Kumar Kar
|votes = 981
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Shyamapada Bera
|votes = 701
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 169,153
|percentage = 92.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing = 4.71#
}}
{{Election box end}}

.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.

===1977-2006===
Kamakhya Nandan Das Mohapatra of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won the Patashpur assembly seat six times in a row, defeating Tapan Kanti Kar of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] in [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]], Mrinal Kanti Das of Trinamool Congress in 2001, Paresh Chandra Bhunia of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996, Sunil Pal of Congress in 1991, [[Pradyot Kumar Mahanti]] of Congress in 1987 and Radha Nath Das Adhikary of Congress in 1982. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Janmejoy Ojha of [[Janata Party]] defeated Barendra Nath Patra of Congress in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp215.htm |title = 215 - Pataspur Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2010-12-07 }}</ref>

===1951-1972===
[[Prafulla Maity]] of Congress won in 1972 and 1971. K.D.Mahapatra (Kamakhya Nandan Das Mahapatra) of CPI won in 1969 and 1967. Radhanath Das Adhikari of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]. Sisir Kumar Das of [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]] won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]. In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]] Janardan Sahu of [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]] won the Pataspur assembly seat.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp | title = Statistical Reports of Elections | access-date = 2010-12-01 | work = General Election Results and Statistics | publisher = Election Commission of India | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp | archive-date = 2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Medinipur topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Akui

2026-04-29T23:43:23Z

KINGRON: creating a info v1...

{{for|people named Akui|Akui (name)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Akui
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.1039|N|87.7296|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bankura district|Bankura]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6115
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 722201
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 03244
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bishnupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bishnupur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Indas (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Indas]]
| website = {{URL|bankura.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Akui''' is a village in the [[Indas (community development block)|Indas]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Bishnupur subdivision]] of the [[Bankura district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=360| height=370| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|7|30|N|87|30|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in Bishnupur subdivision in Bankura district''' M: Municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, T: ancient/ temple centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|10|25|N|87|23|15|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Bhara| numbered1=R| mark-title1= [[Bhara]] (R)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle| shape-color1=#C42222|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|1|12|N|87|30|55|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Chatra| numbered2=R| mark-title2= [[Chatra, Bankura]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|9|0|N|87|37|55|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Indas| numbered3=R| mark-title3= [[Indas]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|3|10|N|87|26|48|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Joypur| numbered4=R| mark-title4= [[Joypur, Bankura]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|55|22|N|87|36|36|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Jayrambati| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Jayrambati]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|12|16|N|87|31|50|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Patrasayer| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Patrasayer]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|10|10|N|87|19|25|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7=Radhanagar| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Radhanagar, Bankura]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|9|15|N|87|16|45|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8=Ajodhya| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Ajodhya, Bankura]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|0|15|N|87|40|21|E}} | label-pos9=bottom|label9=Laugram| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Laugram]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|6|40|N|87|18|51|E}} | label-pos10=bottom|label10=Joykrishnapur| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Joykrishnapur]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|3|50|N|87|19|12|E}}| label-pos11=right |label11=Bishnupur| numbered11=M| mark-title11 =[[Bishnupur, Bankura]] (M)| shape-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|17|30|N|87|25|12|E}}| label-pos12=left |label12=Sonamukhi| numbered12=M| mark-title12 =[[Sonamukhi]] (M)| shape-color12=#800000
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|1|10|N|87|35|37|E}}| label-pos13=right |label13=Kotulpur| numbered13=CT| mark-title13 =[[Kotulpur]] (CT)| shape-color13=#A40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|8|14|N|87|17|57|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14=Dharapat| numbered14=T| mark-title14= [[Dharapat]] (T) |shape-color14=#AA6666
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|7|25|N|87|21|18|E}} | label-pos15=bottom|label15=Dihar| numbered15=T| mark-title15= [[Dihar]] (T) |shape-color15=#AA6666
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|6|14|N|87|43|20|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16=Akui| numbered16=T| mark-title16= Akui (T) |shape-color16=black| label-size16=13|label-color16=black 
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|57|48|N|87|29|51|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17=Baital| numbered17=T| mark-title17= [[Baital, Bankura]] (T) |shape-color17=#AA6666
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|9|50|N|87|33|6|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18=Balsi|labela18= Purbapara| numbered18=T| mark-title18= [[Balsi Purbapara]] (T) |shape-color18=#AA6666
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|3|10|N|87|16|20|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=Dwadashbari| numbered19=T| mark-title19= [[Dwadashbari]] (T) |shape-color19=#AA6666
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|2|15|N|87|27|42|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Gokulnagar| numbered20=T| mark-title20= [[Gokulnagar, Bankura]] (T) |shape-color20=#AA6666
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|7|36|N|87|23|0|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21=Gumut| numbered21=T| mark-title21= [[Gumut, Bankura]] (T) |shape-color21=#AA6666
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|16|28|N|87|31|26|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22=Hadal Narayanpur| numbered22=T| mark-title22= [[Hadal Narayanpur]] (T) |shape-color22=#AA6666
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|0|41|N|87|29|30|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23=Maynapur| numbered23=T| mark-title23= [[Maynapur]] (T) |shape-color23=#AA6666
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|10|36|N|87|34|18|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24=Patit Dommahal| numbered24=T| mark-title24= [[Patit Dommahal]] (T) |shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|19|29|N|87|24|58|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25=Madanmohanpur| numbered25=T| mark-title25= [[Madanmohanpur]] (T) |shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|23.2888|87.5548}}| label26=Damodar River| label-color26 = #77A1CB| label-angle26=50| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|23.0968|87.4558}}| label27=Dwarakeswar| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=-10| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|23.0982|87.5086}}| label28= River| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=25| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none}}

===Location===
Akui is located at {{coord|23.1039|N|87.7296|E|display=inline}}.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Akui had a total population of 6,115, of which 3,118 (51%) were males and 2,997 (49%) were females. There were 603 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Akui was 4,237 (76.87% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 18 April 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
Akui Kamalabala Women's College was established at Akui in 2015. Affiliated with the [[Bankura University]], it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, philosophy and a general course in humanities.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://akuiwomenscollege.org/principal.php | title = Akui Kamalabala Women's College | publisher = AKWC | access-date = 24 April 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200421180839/http://www.akuiwomenscollege.org/principal.php | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Culture==
[[David McCutchion|David J. McCutchion]] mentions the Radha Kanta temple as a ''[[Bengal temple architecture#Ratna temple|pancha-ratna]]'' with ridged ''rekha'' turrets and [[porch]] on triple archway, brick-built structure with a rich terracotta façade, constructed in 1764.<ref>McCutchion, David J., ''Late Mediaeval Temples of Bengal'', first published 1972, reprinted 2017, page 46. The Asiatic Society, Kolkata, {{ISBN| 978-93-81574-65-2}}</ref>

<gallery widths="150px" heights="100px">
File:Radha-Kanta-Temple-Akui 01.jpg|Radhakanta Temple
File:Radha-Kanta-Temple-Akui 09.jpg|Terracotta relief
File:Radha-Kanta-Temple-Akui 05.jpg|Terracotta relief
</gallery>

==Healthcare==
There is a [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]] at Akui, with 4 beds.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 10 April 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Temple towns in West Bengal}}

{{Bankura District}}

[[Category:Villages in Bankura district]]

List of terrorist incidents in Jammu and Kashmir

2026-04-25T14:53:07Z

KINGRON: stub

{{Short description|none}}
{{Primary sources|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
Separatist [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|militant insurgency in Kashmir]] since 1989 has caused several terrorist attacks and incidents within the union territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name="Kazi_Zutshi2017">{{citation |last=Kazi |first=Seema |title=Kashmir: History, Politics, Representation |pages=150–171, 153 |year=2017 |editor=Chitralekha Zutshi |access-date=27 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420104237/https://books.google.com/books?id=CPFKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |url-status=live |chapter=Law, Gender and Governance in Kashmir |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CPFKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-22612-7}}</ref><ref name="slater_wapo_march_2019">{{citation |last=Slater |first=Joanna |title=From scholars into militants: Educated Kashmiri youths are joining an anti-India insurgency |date=28 March 2019 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/from-scholar-to-militant-why-more-kashmiri-youth-are-joining-an-insurgency-against-india/2019/03/26/2a6e92c6-45ce-11e9-94ab-d2dda3c0df52_story.html |access-date=27 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127191410/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/from-scholar-to-militant-why-more-kashmiri-youth-are-joining-an-insurgency-against-india/2019/03/26/2a6e92c6-45ce-11e9-94ab-d2dda3c0df52_story.html |archive-date=27 November 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|Security personnel deaths
|6413
|-
|Civilian deaths
|14930
|-
|Militant deaths
|23386
|-
!'''Total'''
!44729<ref>{{Cite web |title=datasheet-terrorist-attack-reference-data |url=https://www.satp.org/datasheet-terrorist-attack/india/Jammu-and-Kashmir-fatalities-1998-2019 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=www.satp.org}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=April 2025|reason=New attack with more fatalities}}
|-
! colspan="2" |Data from [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
|}

== List ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Date
!Incident
!Perpetrators
!Deaths
!Ref
!State government
!Central government
|-
| rowspan="2" |1989
|14 September
|Assassination of [[BJP]] leader and Lawyer [[Tika Lal Taploo]].
|Anti-Pandit militants
|1
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits |url=https://www.efsas.org/publications/study-papers/the-exodus-of-kashmiri-pandits/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=www.efsas.org |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="7" |[[Farooq Abdullah]]
([[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]])
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajiv Gandhi]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
|-
|4 November
|Assassination of retired Judge Nilkanth Ganjoo.
|JKLF
|1
|-
| rowspan="5" |1990
|13 February
|Assassination of Lassa Kaul (Director of [[Doordarshan]])
|Anti-Pandit militants
|1
| rowspan="5" |<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Major incidents of terrorist violence in Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/data_sheets/majorincidents.htm |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=www.satp.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-16 |title=SC upholds life sentence for killer of Mirwaiz's father - Times Of In… |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/SC-upholds-life-sentence-for-killer-of-Mirwaizs-father/articleshow/6197533.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216063011/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-22/india/28314675_1_life-imprisonment-life-sentence-umar-farooq |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-02-16 |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=archive.ph}}</ref>
| rowspan="5" |[[V. P. Singh]]
([[Janata Dal]])
|-
| rowspan="2" |6 April
|Assassination of CEO of [[Hindustan Machine Tools]] H. L. Khera.
|[[Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front|JKLF]]
|2
|-
|Assassination of Vice Chancellor of [[University of Kashmir]], Mushir-u-Haq.
|
|
|-
|1 May
|Assassination of [[Sarwanand Koul Premi]] and his son.
|Anti-Pandit militants
|2
|-
|21 May
|Assassination of Imam [[Mohammad Farooq Shah]].
|[[Hizbul Mujahideen]]
|1
|-
|1990–1991
|
|[[Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus]]
|Anti-Hindu and Anti India militants
|217-228
|{{sfn|Swami|2007|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=z2l9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA175 175]}}<ref name="evans-hindu-civilian-fatalities">{{harvnb|Evans|2002|loc=pp. 19–37, 23: "The Indian government figures are set out in its ''Profile of Terrorist Violence in Jammu & Kashmir'' (New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs, March 1998). Between 1988 and 1991, the government claims 228 Hindu civilians were killed. Even if the bulk of government officials and politicians killed over the same period were Hindus and this is added, this figure would increase by a further maximum of 160. Hence the figure of 700 appears deeply unreliable."}}</ref>
|''Dissolved''
([[Jagmohan Malhotra]])
|[[Chandra Shekhar]]
([[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|SJPR]])

[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]

([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
|-
|1994
|29 March
|Assassination of Lt Gen E. W. Fernandes and other [[Indian Army]] officers.
|Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen
|15
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Army general among 15 killed in arsenal explosion - UPI Archives |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/03/30/Army-general-among-15-killed-in-arsenal-explosion/1963765003600/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
| rowspan="3" |''Dissolved''
([[K. V. Krishna Rao|Gen K. V. Krishna Rao]])
| rowspan="3" |[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
|-
| rowspan="2" |1995
|26 January
|Assassination attempt on [[Governor (India)|Governor]] [[K. V. Krishna Rao|Lt Gen K. V. Krishna Rao]].
| rowspan="7" |Hizbul Mujahideen
Lashkar-e-Taiba
|8
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-07-02 |title=1995 Jammu blasts: SC holds Hizbul operative guilty |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/1995-Jammu-blasts-SC-holds-Hizbul-operative-guilty/article60199145.ece |access-date=2024-06-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|20 July
|Bomb Explosion in [[Jammu]]
|20
| rowspan="6" |<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Jammu and Kashmir Timeline - Years: 1931-1999 |url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/timeline/year1931_1999.htm |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=www.satp.org}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |1998
|26 January
|[[1998 Wandhama massacre|Wandhama massacre]]
|23
| rowspan="30" |[[Farooq Abdullah]]
([[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]])
|[[Inder Kumar Gujral]]
([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
|-
|17 April
|[[1998 Prankote massacre|Prankote massacre]]
|29
| rowspan="51" |[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
([[BJP]])
|-
|21 April
|Thub Village massacre
|13
|-
|19 June
|[[1998 Chapnari massacre|Chapnari massacre]]
|25
|-
|3 August
|[[1998 Chamba massacre|Chamba massacre]]
|35
|-
| rowspan="3" |1999
|7 September
|Assassination of BJP Candidate Haider Noorani<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=BBC News {{!}} South Asia {{!}} BJP loses second candidate in Kashmir |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/450502.stm |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>
|
|1
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|3 November
|Suicide attack at Badami Bagh cantonment
|
|10
|<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2019-02-14 |title=A timeline of major attacks on security forces in Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/a-timeline-of-major-attacks-on-security-forces-in-jammu-and-kashmir/article26272752.ece |access-date=2024-06-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|24 December
|Suicide bomber attack on JnK Special Operations group police officers
|[[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]
|12
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
| rowspan="6" |2000
|7 January
|Attack on the Meteorological Center, Srinagar.
|
|4
| rowspan="3" |<ref name=":2" />
|-
|20 March
|[[2000 Chittisinghpura massacre|Chittisinghpura massacre]]
|Lashkar-e-Taiba
|35
|-
|15 May
|Assassination of Minister for Power, Gulam Hasan Bhat
|Hizbul Mujahideen
|5
|-
|August
|[[2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre]]
|
|62
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2000 |title=Night of massacres leaves 105 dead in valley. Army out in Jammu. Central team in Srinagar |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000803/main1.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020213212547/http://www.tribuneindia.com:80/2000/20000803/main1.htm |archive-date=13 February 2002 |access-date=2017-08-24 |website=Tribune India}}</ref>
|-
|3 November
|Assassination of [[Aga Syed Mehdi]] in a landmine explosion
|
|6
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Main News |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001104/main1.htm |access-date=2018-11-04 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref>
|-
|25 December
|Attack on Army HQ Badami Bagh, Srinagar
|
|9
| rowspan="5" |<ref name=":2" />
|-
| rowspan="10" |2001
|9 February
|Suicide bomber attack on JnK police control room
|[[Al-Umar-Mujahideen]]
|12
|-
|10 February
|[[2001 Kot Charwal massacre]]
|Lashkar-e-Taiba
|15
|-
|2 March
|Ambush on police personnel in Rajouri
|
|17
|-
|8 June
|Grenade explosion in [[Charar-e-Sharief shrine]].
|
|4
|-
|20 July
|Amarnath Massacre
|
|8
|<ref name="fp1">[http://www.firstpost.com/india/amarnath-yatra-devotees-have-faced-repeated-terror-attacks-heres-the-blood-soaked-history-of-pilgrimage-3799091.html "Amarnath Yatra devotees have faced repeated terror attacks: Here's the blood-soaked history of pilgrimage"], First Post, 11 July 2017.</ref>
|-
|21 July
|Doda Massacre
|
|16
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":2" />
|-
|2-3 August
|[[2001 Kishtwar massacre]]
|Lashkar-e-Taiba
|15
|-
|7 August
|Jammu Railway Station shootout
|
|13
|<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Reuters |date=2001-08-07 |title=10 die in Kashmir as rebels attack packed platform passengers |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/aug/08/india.kashmir |access-date=2024-06-30 |newspaper=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-08-09 |title=Jammu railway station shoot-out toll rises to 13 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jammu-railway-station-shoot-out-toll-rises-to-13/articleshow/1745904236.cms |access-date=2024-06-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|29 August
|Anantnag bus attack
|
|9
| rowspan="4" |<ref name=":2" />
|-
|1 October
|[[2001 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly car bombing|Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly car bombing]]
|[[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]
|36
|-
| rowspan="13" |2002
|20 January
|Poonch massacre
| rowspan="7" |Lashkar-e-Taiba
|11
|-
|30 March
|[[2002 Raghunath temple attacks|First Raghunath temple attacks]]
|11
|-
|14 May
|[[2002 Kaluchak massacre]]
|31
|<ref name="trib1">[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020518/nation.htm#1 Lashkar was ‘involved’ in Kaluchak attack], [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]], 18 May 2002. Retrieved 2009-03-15. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090807222000/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020518/nation.htm Archived] 2009-05-14.</ref>
|-
|21 March
|Assassination of [[Abdul Ghani Lone]]
|1
|<ref name="shot_dead">{{cite news |date=22 May 2002 |title=lone shot dead |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020522/main2.htm |accessdate=7 April 2015 |work=The Tribune}}</ref>
|-
|13 July
|[[2002 Qasim Nagar massacre]]
|25
|
|-
|6 August
|[[2002 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre]]
|11
|
|-
|11 September
|Assassination of Mushtaq Lone, State Law Minister
|3
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=McCarthy |first=Rory |date=2002-09-12 |title=Minister killed in Kashmir slaughter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/sep/12/india.kashmir |access-date=2024-06-30 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
| rowspan="41" |[[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]]
([[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|JKPDP]])
|-
|11 November
|IED blast on the Jammu Srinagar national highway
|
|8
| rowspan="9" |<ref name=":2" />
|-
|22 November
|IED blast in Srinagar
|Lashkar-e-Taiba
|6
|-
|23 November
|IED blast at Lower Munda on the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway.
|
|19
|-
|24 November
|[[2002 Raghunath temple attacks|Secoind Raghunath temple attacks]]
|Lashkar-e-Taiba
|14
|-
|5 December
|Assassination of Ghulam Mohiuddin Lone, brother of Mushtaq Lone.
|
|1
|-
|20 December
|Assassination of Abdul Aziz Mir
|
|1
|-
| rowspan="10" |2003
|28 January
|Assassination of Farooq Ahmed Kuchchay, NC politician
|Hizbul Mujahideen
|2
|-
|14 March
|Suicide attack on [[Muharram]] procession in Poonch
|
|4
|-
|16 March
|Attack on remote police post
|
|11
|-
|23 March
|[[2003 Nadimarg massacre|Nadimarg massacre]]
|Lashkar-e-Taiba
|24
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zargar |first=Safwat |date=2022-11-18 |title=Kashmiri Pandit killings: Nadimarg massacre trial may resume but those accused of murder are dead |url=https://scroll.in/article/1037416/kashmiri-pandit-killings-nadimarg-massacre-trial-may-resume-but-those-accused-of-murder-are-dead |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|22 April
|Landmine blast in Udhampur
|
|6
| rowspan="5" |<ref name=":2" />
|-
|19 May
|Massacre in form of beheading in Rajouri
|Jaish-e-Mohammed
|6
|-
|26 May
|Ambush at the house of a Village Defence Committee member
|
|5
|-
|28 June
|Suicide attack at Sunjwan military base
|
|12
|-
|22 July
|Suicide attack at the Akhnoor army base, killing one Brigadier
|
|8
|-
|13 September
|Ambush on the car of political leader Mohammad Yusuf Parray
|
|3
|<ref name="hindu1">{{cite news |date=14 September 2003 |title=Kuka Parrey shot dead |url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/09/14/stories/2003091406190100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031027105104/http://www.hindu.com/2003/09/14/stories/2003091406190100.htm |archive-date=27 October 2003 |access-date=24 April 2018 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="12" |2004
|2 January
|Suicide attack at the Jammu Railway Station
|
|4
| rowspan="4" |<ref name="jstorIPCS">{{Cite report |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep09324 |title=Jammu & Kashmir: Suicide & Suicidal Attacks: A Chronology (2004-2005) |last=Chakravarti |first=Rekha |date=2006 |publisher=Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies}}</ref>
|-
|3 March
|Suicide attack at the Court complex in Jammu
|
|7
|-
| rowspan="2" |9 March
|Suicide attack at the PIB of the GOI
|
|2
|-
|Suicide attack on Directorate of Information of the Govt of JnK
|
|
|-
|8 April
|Attack at a PDP political rally in Uri
|
|11
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-04-10 |title=Uri blast toll rises to 11 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/uri-blast-toll-rises-to-11/articleshow/609280.cms |access-date=2024-07-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|23 May
|IED explosion at the Jammu-Srinagar Highway
|
|30
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":2" />
| rowspan="51" |[[Manmohan Singh]]
([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
|-
|26 June
|Terrorist attack in Surankote
|
|12
|-
|2 July
|Attack on the convoy of MP, Choudhury Lal Singh
|
|6
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six policemen killed in Kashmir |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2004/7/3/six-policemen-killed-in-kashmir |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|19 July
|Assassination attempt on Deputy Chief Minister Mangat Ram Sharma
|
|6
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=L. A. Times |date=2004-07-20 |title=Official Escapes Second Assassination Attempt |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jul-20-fg-briefs20.4-story.html |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|28 July
|Overnight gunfight at the paramilitary base on the banks of Dal lake
|
|5
|<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Five CRPF men, two militants killed in Srinagar |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2004/jul/28jk.htm |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
|4 August
|Ambush at CRPF camp
|
|9
|<ref name="jstorIPCS" />
|-
|5 December
|IED explosion in Pulwama
|
|10
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
| rowspan="15" |2005
|7 January
|Suicide attack on Income tax office, Srinagar
|
|3-5
|<ref name="jstorIPCS" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2005-01-08 |title=Srinagar gunbattle over, 3 killed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/srinagar-gunbattle-over-3-killed/articleshow/984548.cms |access-date=2024-07-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|24 February
|Suicide attack at Divisional Commissioners office
|
|6
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|12 May
|Grenade attack in a school in Srinagar
|
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Children wounded in Kashmir attack |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/5/12/children-wounded-in-kashmir-attack |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|13 June
|Explosives-laden car detonates in Pulwama
|
|13
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|24 June
|Bus boarded by security personnel attacked by bomb in Srinagar
|
|9
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian troops die in Kashmir bus blast |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/6/24/indian-troops-die-in-kashmir-bus-blast |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|19 July
|Attack at a village in Udhampur
|Lashkar-e-Taiba
|6
| rowspan="5" |<ref name=":2" />
|-
|20 July
|Suicide attack on Army vehicle in Srinagar
|
|5
|-
|9 September
|3 Families attacked in Udhampur
|
|6
|-
|10 September
|Attack on an Army convoy on the Srinagar-Jammu National Highway
|
|5
|-
|10 October
|Four families attacked in Rajouri
|Hizbul Mujahideen
|10
|-
|18 October
|Assassination of Dr. Ghulam Nabi Lone, Minister for Education
|Islamic Front
|4
| rowspan="3" |<ref name="jstorIPCS" />
|-
|2 November
|Suicide attack near the residence of outgoing CM Mufti Md Sayeed
|
|10
|-
|14 November
|Suicide attack at a business hub in Srinagar
|Islamic Front
|4
| rowspan="20" |[[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
|-
|15 November
|Assassination attempt on PDP leader Ghulam Hassan Mir
|
|3-6
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grenade attack at PDP leader's rally, 3 killed |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/nov/15attack.htm |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
|16 November
|Assassination attempt on Minister Usman Majeed
|
|4
| rowspan="5" |<ref name=":2" />
|-
| rowspan="10" |2006
|23 January
|Gunfight with special operations group
|
|4
|-
|9 April
|Terrorists kill a family of 3 in Udhampur
|
|3
|-
|14 April
|Serial grenade blasts in Srinagar
|
|5
|-
|1 May
|[[2006 Doda massacre|Doda massacre]]
| rowspan="2" |Lashkar-e-Taiba
|57
|-
|21 May
|Attack on the Rally of CM Ghulam Nabi Azad
|6-7
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-05-21 |title=Militants attack Congress rally in Srinagar, 6 killed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/militants-attack-congress-rally-in-srinagar-6-killed/articleshow/1540415.cms |access-date=2024-07-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|25 May
|Grenade attack in Srinagar
|
|8
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":2" />
|-
|12 June
|Attack on Laborers in Anantnag
|
|9
|-
|30 June
|Assassination of Ghulam Nabi Dar, NC leader in Kulgam
|
|7
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ex-MLA among 7 killed, 40 injured in Kashmir |date=9 July 2006 |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2006/07/08/ex-mla-among-7-killed-40-injured-in-kashmir-1152469307.html}}</ref>
|-
|11 July
|Grenade attack in Srinagar
|[[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]
|8
| rowspan="17" |<ref name=":2" />
|-
|10 November
|Grenade attack in Pulwama
|
|6
|-
| rowspan="5" |2007
|8 February
|Ambush on Security Patrol in Pulwama
|
|5
|-
|30 March
|Attack on laborers in Rajouri
|
|5
|-
|29 July
|Attack on a civilian bus near Shalimar Garden
|
|6
|-
|17 August
|IED blast near Security forces in Awantipora
|
|5
|-
|11 October
|IED blast in Baramullah
|[[Hizbul Mujahideen]]
|7
|-
| rowspan="6" |2008
|13 June
|Ambush on Army personnel
|[[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]
|5
|-
|4 July
|Ambush on Army personnel in Kupwara
|
|5
|-
|19 July
|IED blast in an Army bus in Srinagar
|[[Hizbul Mujahideen]]
|10
| rowspan="4" |''Dissolved''
([[Narinder Nath Vohra]])
|-
| rowspan="2" |24 July
|Grenade attack in Srinagar
|
|5
|-
|Attack on the house of a surrendered militant
|[[Hizbul Mujahideen]]
|4
|-
|27 August
|Suicide attack in Kenachak
|
|11
|-
| rowspan="3" |2009
|21 April
|IED blast in Poonch
|
|5
| rowspan="11" |[[Omar Abdullah]]
([[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]])
|-
|12 September
|IED blast in Central Jail in Srinagar
|
|3
|-
|30 December
|Shootout on CRPF vehicles
|[[Hizbul Mujahideen]]
|4
|-
|2010
|16 March
|Attack on civilians in Srinagar
|
|6
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
|24 June
|Ambush on Army personnel in Srinagar
|[[Hizbul Mujahideen]]
|8
|<ref name=":5" />
|-
|26 September
|Twin suicide attacks in Kathua
|
|13
| rowspan="4" |<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=List of Terrorist Killed in India {{!}} South Asian Terrorism Portal |url=https://www.satp.org/datasheet-terrorist-attack/major-incidents/india |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=www.satp.org}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
|-
| rowspan="5" |2014
|28 March
|Truck Hijacking in Kathua
| rowspan="2" |Lashkar-e-Taiba
|6
|-
|7 April
|Landmine explosion in Baranda Mor
|3
|-
|13 August
|Attack in Pulwama before new Prime Minister's visit
|
|3
| rowspan="33" |[[Narendra Modi]]
([[BJP]])
|-
|27 November
|Suicide attack in Arnia
|Lashkar-e-Taiba
|10
| rowspan="3" |<ref name=":5" />
|-
|5 December
|Suicide attack on Army personnel in Uri
|
|17
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015
|20 March
|Suicide attack in a Kathua police station
|
|6
|''Dissolved''
([[Narinder Nath Vohra]])
|-
|6 April
|A militant attack in Shopian District
|
|3
| rowspan="28" |<ref name=":6" />
| rowspan="13" |[[Mehbooba Mufti]]
([[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|JKPDP]])
|-
| rowspan="4" |2016
|2 January
|[[2016 Pathankot attack|2016 Pathankot Airbase attack]]
|[[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]
|12
|-
|17 August
|Ambush on Military convoy in Baramullah
|
|3
|-
|18 September
|[[2016 Uri attack]]
|[[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]
|24
|-
|29 November
|Suicide attack on Military personnel in Nagrota
|
|7
|-
| rowspan="6" |2017
|23 February
|Attack on a Patrol party in Shopian
|
|4
|-
|1 May
|Ambush on a Bank Van in Kulgam
|
|7
|-
|16 June
|Ambush on Military convoy in Anantnag
|Lashkar-e-Taiba
|6
|-
|10 July
|[[2017 Amarnath Yatra massacre]]
|
|8
|-
|26 August
|Suicide attack on Security forces in Pulwama
|
|8
|-
|21 September
|Assassination attempt on PDP leader Naeem Akhtar
|Hizbul Mujahideen
|3
|-
| rowspan="4" |2018
|6 January
|IED blast in Sopore
|
|4
|-
|10 February
|Suicide attack on Sunjuwan Military Station
|[[People's Anti-Fascist Front]]
|9
|-
|29 August
|Militant attack at Arhama in Shopian District
|
|4
| rowspan="6" |''Dissolved''
([[Satya Pal Malik]])
|-
|21 October
|Attack at Laroo village in Kulgam
|
|15
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019
|14 February
|[[2019 Pulwama attack]]
|[[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]
|41
|-
|12 June
|Ambush on Security forces in a school in Anantnag
|[[Al-Umar-Mujahideen]]
|5
|-
|29 October
|Attack on Bengali laboureres
|
|5
|-
| rowspan="3" |2020
|4 May
|Attack on CRPF patrol
|
|4
|-
|8 July
|Assassination of BJP leader Wasim Ahmad Bari
|
|3
|[[G. C. Murmu]]
|-
|29 October
|Attack on BJP workers
|[[The Resistance Front]]
|3
| rowspan="9" |[[Manoj Sinha]]
|-
|2021
|12 December
|Ambush on police vehicle in Srinagar
|Jaish-e-Mohammed
|3
|-
|2022
|11 August
|Foiled suicide attack in Rajouri
|[[People's Anti-Fascist Front]]
|5
|-
| rowspan="4" |2023
|1 January
|Attack on civilians in Rajouri
|
|4
|-
|20 April
|Ambush on army vehicle in Poonch
|[[People's Anti-Fascist Front]]
|5
|-
|5 May
|IED blast in Rajouri
|[[People's Anti-Fascist Front]]
|5
|-
|21 December
|Ambush on Army vehicle
|
|5
|-
| rowspan="3" |2024
|9 June
|[[2024 Reasi attack]]
|[[The Resistance Front]]
|9
|-
|9 July
|Attack on Army convoy in Kathua
|
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=5 Armymen Killed In J&K; Terrorists Threw Grenade On Truck, Then Opened Fire |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/army-vehicles-attacked-by-terrorists-in-j-ks-kathua-second-attack-in-2-days-6059994 |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
|4 November
|Grenade attack on Lal Chowk, Srinagar
|[[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]
|0 (12 injured)
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/srinagar/srinagar-grenade-attack-lashkar-e-taiba-trio-arrested-following-market-assault/articleshow/115098316.cms |title=Srinagar grenade attack: LeT trio arrested |first1=Saleem |last1=Pandit |date=2024-11-09 |work=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|2025
|22 April
|[[2025 Pahalgam attack]]
|[[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]
|28
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-22 |title=Pahalgam terror attack LIVE: Navy Officer among 26 killed; Amit Shah in Srinagar to review security situation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pahalgam-jammu-kashmir-terror-attack-tourists-dead-injured-april-22-2025/article69478557.ece |access-date=2025-04-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=Alexander |title=A departure from history: Kashmiri Pandits, 1990–2001 |journal=Contemporary South Asia |volume=11 |issue=1 |year=2002 |pages=19–37 |issn=0958-4935 |doi=10.1080/0958493022000000341 |s2cid=145573161}}
* {{citation|last=Swami|first=Praveen|author-link=Praveen Swami|title=India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad: The Covert War in Kashmir, 1947–2004|date=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z2l9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA157|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-13752-7}}

[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Jammu and Kashmir| ]]
[[Category:Lists of terrorist incidents|Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Suicide bombings in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Terrorism in India]]

Asghar Hussain Deobandi

2026-04-25T11:05:02Z

KINGRON: creating the entry basic info...

{{short description|Indian Sunni Islamic scholar (1877-1945)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific_prefix = [[Mawlana]]
| name = Mian Sayyid Asghar Hussain Deobandi
| religion = [[Islam]]
| birth_date = 16 October 1877
| birth_place = [[Deoband]], [[Saharanpur District]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1945|1|8|1877|10|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Surat]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| resting_place = [[Rander]], [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]]
| region = [[Indian subcontinent]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
| movement = [[Deobandi]]
| disciple_of = [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki|Haaji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]], Miyanji Munne Shah
| influenced = [[Muhammad Shafi]], [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]]
| students = [[Badre Alam Merathi]], [[Sharif Hasan Deobandi]]
}}
'''Asghar Hussain Deobandi''' (also known as '''Mian Sayyid Asghar Hussain''') (16 October 1877 — 8 January 1945) was a [[Sunni]] Muslim scholar from the Indian subcontinent who co-founded [[Madrasatul Islah]].

Born on 16 October 1877 in a [[Deoband]]-based family, claiming descent to [[Abdul Qadir Jeelani]], Asghar Hussain Deobandi was an alumnus of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], where he studied with [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]], [[Azizur Rahman Usmani]] and [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]]. Hussain was a disciple of [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]] in the [[Chisti order|Chishti Sufi order]]. He taught religious sciences at [[Atala Mosque, Jaunpur|Atala Masjid, Jaunpur]] and at his alma mater, Darul Uloom Deoband. He co-edited ''Al-Qasim'', a monthly journal published by Darul Uloom Deoband. Hussain died on 8 January 1945 in [[Surat]], and was buried in [[Rander]]. His students include [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]] and [[Muhammad Shafi]].

==Family background==
Mian Asghar Hussain's ancestors came to India from [[Baghdad]] and are descended from [[Abdul Qadir Jeelani]].<ref name="ghulamrasool">{{citation|first1=Sayyid Jameel |last1=Hussayn|title=Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb|pages=32–33}}</ref> During the era of [[Shah Jahan]], Sayyid Ghulam Rasool had moved to [[India]] along with his family.<ref name="ghulamrasool"/> He was entrusted the imamat and khitabat at the Shahi Masjid of [[Deoband]]. He had two sons, Ghulam Nabi and Ghulam Ali. Both brothers married daughters of Shah Ameerullah.<ref name="ghulamrasool"/>

Sayyid Ghulam Ali had three daughters and two sons. The elder son Alam Meer was the grandfather of Mian Asghar Hussain. Alam Meer married Azeemun Nisa, the daughter of Shah Hafeezullah. They had a daughter Wajeeh-un-Nisa and son Muhammad Hasan, who was the father of Mian Asghar Hussain.<ref name="alammeer">{{citation|first1=Sayyid Jameel |last1=Hussayn|title=Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb|pages=33–34}}</ref> Muhammad Hasan married twice, first to Maryam-un-Nisa, who whom he had a son, Sayyid Khursheed, and a daughter Masum-un-Nisa. After Maryam-un-Nisa's death, Muhammad Hasan married her sister Naseeb-un-Nisa;{{efn|Maryam-un-Nisa and Naseeb-un-Nisa were daughters of Sayyid Mansab Ali}} they had a son, Asghar Hussain.<ref name="sayyidhasan">{{citation|first1=Sayyid Jameel |last1=Hussayn|title=Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb|pages=49–51}}</ref>

==Birth and education==
===Birth===
Mian Asghar Hussain was born on 16 October 1877 in [[Deoband]] to Sayyid Muhammad Hasan and Naseebun Nisa bint Sayyid Mansub Ali.<ref name="sayyidhasan" />

===Name and lineage===
His [[Arabic name#Ism|ism]] ([[given name]]) was Asghar Hussain. His ''[[nasab]]'' ([[patronymic]]) is: Sayyid Asghar Hussain ibn Sayyid Shah Muhammad Hasan ibn Sayyid Shah Alam Meer ibn Sayyid Ghulam Ali ibn Sayyid Ghulam Rasool Baghdadi ibn Sayyid Shah Faqeerullah Baghdadi ibn Sayyid A’zam Saani ibn Sayyid Nazar Muhammad ibn Sayyid Sultan Muhammad ibn Sayyid A’zam Muhammad ibn Sayyid Abu Muhammad ibn Sayyid Qutbuddin ibn Sayyid Baha’uddeen ibn Sayyid Jamalauddin ibn Sayyid Qutbuddin ibn Sayyid Dawud ibn Muhi’uddin Abu Abdullah ibn Sayyid Abu Saleh Nasr ibn [[Abdul Razzaq Jilani|Sayyid Abdur Razzaq]] ibn [[Abdul Qadir Jilani]].<ref name="lineage">{{citation|first1=Sayyid Jameel |last1=Hussayn|title=Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb|pages=191–194}}</ref>

===Education===
Aged eight, he began studying with Muhammad Abdullah, alias Miyanji Munne Shah{{efn|Miyanji Munne Shah is brother of Azeemun Nisa, the wife of Syed Alam Meer, so he comes to be maternal uncle of Asghar Hussain's father Sayyid Muhammad Hasan and Sayyid Muhammad Hasan is his nephew.<ref name="tazkirah"/> At the request of [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]], he had laid the first stone of the new building of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. He was then preceded by [[Sayyid Muhammad Abid]], and then [[Rasheed Ahmad Gangohi]]. Finally all of them laid down stones along with [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]].<ref name="miyan">{{Cite book|title=Ulama-e-Haq Ke Mujahidana Karname|volume=1|author=[[Muhammad Miyan Deobandi]]|publisher=Faisal Publications, Deoband|page=55}}</ref>}} and studied Quran from his father and then started to study Persian from him. Later he was enrolled in [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. He continued with the Persian class and studied Persian from Muhammad Yaseen, the father of [[Muhammad Shafi]]. He studied mathematics from Manzoor Ahmad. He passed the class of Persian with first position and soon received [[Muwatta Imam Malik]] as an honorary gift. As Asghar Hussain turned 17 or 18 and reached the Arabic classes in [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], his father died on 20 September 1894. He discontinued his studies for almost one year and started to teach in his ancestral madrasa.

At the request of [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]], Asghar Hussain entered the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] again on 1 April 1896 and continued with Arabic classes. He studied ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'', ''[[Jami` at-Tirmidhi]]'' and ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood]]'' with Mahmud Hasan Deobandi. His other teachers included [[Azizur Rahman Usmani]] and Ghulam Rasool Baghwi. He graduated in 1320 [[Hijri year|AH]] and was awarded his certificate from Mahmud Hasan Deobandi and [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]].<ref name="tazkirah"/>

He was an authorized disciple of [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]] in the Chishti branch of [[Tasawwuf]].<ref name="aakhrilamhaat">{{cite book |author1=Abu Muhammad Maulana Sana'ullah Shujabadi |title=Ulama-e-Deoband Ke Aakhri Lamhaat |publisher=Maktaba Rasheediya [[Saharanpur]] |page=51 |edition=2015 |language=Urdu}}</ref><ref name="mahbub">{{cite book |author1=[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi]]|translator=Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi |title=History of The [[Darul Uloom Deoband|Dar al-Ulum Deoband]]|volume=2|publisher=Idara-e-Ehtemam|location=[[Darul Uloom Deoband|Dar al-Ulum Deoband]] |page=61,62,143 |edition=1981 |language=English}}</ref>

==Career==
After graduating from the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], he worked in the office department of the Darul Uloom for more than one year. Then his teachers [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]] and [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]] sent him to the madrassa of the [[Atala Mosque, Jaunpur|Atala Masjid, Jaunpur]] for the post of head-teacher and he served there for seven years. In the meantime in 1327 AH, he laid the foundation stone of [[Madrasatul Islah]] in Sarai Meer, [[Azamgarh]] in 1908.<ref>{{cite web |title=Islamic Education in Modern India |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/52389/11/11_chapter%202.pdf |accessdate=25 March 2020 |page=76}}</ref> He was called to [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] and was entrusted with co-editorship of the journal ''Al-Qasim'' of the Darul Uloom, while the editor was Maulana Habeebur Rahman. He was entrusted the teaching of ''[[Sunan Abu Dawud]]'' in [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] and he also taught the books of tafsir and fiqh like ''Jalalayn'' and ''Durr-e-Mukhtar''.<ref name="mahbub"/><ref name="tazkirah">{{cite book |author1=Dr. Syed Jameel Hussain |title=Tazkirah Hazrat Miyan Saheb |publisher=Madrasa Islamia Asgharia, Deoband|language=Urdu}}</ref> His notable students include [[Muhammad Shafi]],<ref name="akabir">{{cite book |author1=[[Muhammad Taqi Usmani|Justice Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani]] |title=Akabir-e-Deoband Kya Thy |publisher=Zamzam Book Depot, [[Deoband]] |page=54 |edition=May 1995 |language=Urdu}}</ref> [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]].<ref name="ameen">{{cite book |author1=[[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]] |title=Hazaar Saal Pehle |publisher=Al-Ameen Kitabistaan, [[Deoband]] |page=13|chapter=Profile of Maulana [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]] by [[Syed Azhar Shah Qaiser]]|edition=July 2004|language=Urdu}}</ref> and Mufti Naseem Ahmad Fareedi. He restarted his ancestral madrasa which had been closed since the death of his father. The madrasa came later under the care of his son Sayyid Bilal Hussain Mian (d. 9 February 1990) and is now known as Madrassa Asgharia Qadeem whilst its historical name is Darul Musafireen, Madrasa Taleemul Quran.<ref name="mahbub"/>

==Literary works==
Asghar Hussain has written about thirty books in the [[Urdu]] language, including:<ref name="books">{{citation|first1=Sayyid Jameel |last1=Hussayn|title=Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb|pages=198–207}}</ref>
* ''Fatawa Muhammadi''
* ''al-Jawab al-Matin bi-Ahadith Sayyid al-Mursaleen''
* ''Miras al-Muslimin''
* ''Mufeed-ul-Wariseen''
* ''Hayat-e-Khizer''
* ''al-Qawl al-Matin fi al-Iqamati wa at-Taziin''
* ''Gulzar-e-Sunnat''{{Sfn|Kaleem|2017|p=275–276}}
* ''Molvi Ma'anwi'' (biography of [[Rumi]])
* ''Hayat-e-Shaykhul Hind'' (biography of [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]])<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Ahmad |first=Ishtiaque |author-link=Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi |title=Ulama E Deoband Ki Swaneh Umriyon Ka Tanqeedi Tajziya Azadi Se Qabl |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]] |year=2020 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/338413 |degree=PhD |pp=108–120}}</ref>
* ''Kulliyat Shaykhul Hind''
* ''Irshadun Nabi''<ref name=":Kaleem">{{Cite thesis |last=Kaleem |first=Mohd |title=Contribution of Old boys of Darul uloom Deoband in Hadith Literature |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/364028 |type=PhD |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024044219/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |url-status=live |pages=269–270}}</ref>
* ''Chehel Hadith''{{Sfn|Kaleem|2017|p=271–273}}
* ''Nqabil Itibar Riwayat'' {{Sfn|Kaleem|2017|p=273–274}}

==Marriage and family life==
During his student days at Darul Uloom Deoband, Hussain married the daughter of Mushtaq Hussain. They had two sons, Sayyid Akhtar Hussain and Mian Bilal Hussain, and one daughter, Fehmeeda.<ref name="awlaad">{{citation|first1=Sayyid Jameel |last1=Hussayn|title=Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb|pages=169–171, 193–194}}</ref> Fehmeeda died eight years after her marriage, and was survived by her son Syed Farhat Hussain who had been associated with Hamdard Dawakhana in Karachi.<ref name="awlaad"/> Hussain's son Sayyid Akhtar Hussain was a teacher of hadith at Darul Uloom Deoband, and served in the seminary's administration.<ref name="awlaad"/> Hussain's another son Sayyid Bilal Hussain is survived by three sons, Sayyid Jameel Hussain, Sayyid Khaleel Hussain, and Sayyid Jaleel Hussain; and two daughters, Sajida Khatun and Aabida Khatun.<ref name="awlaad"/>

==Death==
Mian Asghar Hussain died of cardiac arrest on 8 January 1945 (22 [[Muharram]] 1364 [[Hijri year|AH]]). He is buried in [[Rander]], [[Surat]].<ref name="mahbub" /><ref name="tazkirah"/>

==See also==
* [[List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]]
* [[List of Deobandis]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last1=Hussayn |first1=Sayyid Jameel |title= Tadhkirah Hadhrat Miyan Saheb
|trans-title=Biography of Miyan Saheb |publisher=Madrasa Islamia Asgharia|location=[[Deoband]]|language=Urdu}}

[[Category:1877 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Deoband]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]]
[[Category:Scholars from British India]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Darul Uloom Deoband]]

Gizele Thakral

2026-04-22T12:59:25Z

KINGRON:

{{Short description|Indian model and actress}}{{Infobox person
| image = Gizele Thakra (cropped).jpg
| caption = Thakral in 2022
| other_names = Gigi
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|09|04}}
| birth_place = Rajasthan, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|Model|Entrepreneur}}
| height = 1.7m
| awards = [[Miss Rajasthan]]
}}

'''Gizele Thakral''' {{Audio|LL-Q58635 (pan)-Nitesh Gill-ਗਿਜ਼ੇਲ ਠਕਰਾਲ.wav|pronunciation}} (born 4 September 1992) is an Indian model, actress and entrepreneur known for her participation in the reality television show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 9|Bigg Boss season 9]]'' (2015) and her roles in Bollywood films. She made her acting debut in the comedy film ''[[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum 3]]'' (2016) as Meri Lee and has also appeared in ''[[Mastizaade]]'' (2016) as Titli Boobna and ''The Great Indian Casino'' (2019). She won the title of [[Miss Rajasthan]] in her teenage.

== Early life ==
Gizele Thakral was born on 4 September 1996 in [[Sri Ganganagar]], [[Rajasthan, India]] to a [[Malayalis|Malayali]] mother and a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] father, and grew up in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. She also spent a part of her life in [[Dubai, UAE]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Light |first=David |date=30 June 2016 |title=Gizele Thakral: 'First of all I am a good actor and then I may be the bombshell' |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/entertainment/gizele-thakral-first-of-all-i-am-a-good-actor-and-then-i-may-be-the-bombshell |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=[[Khaleej Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Vaid |first=Kritika |date=2018-07-16 |title=Ex-Bigg Boss Contestant Gizele Thakral is a Sight For Sore Eyes in These Super Hot Pictures {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/viral/ex-bigg-boss-contestant-gizele-thakral-is-a-sight-to-sore-eyes-in-these-super-hot-pictures-3171044/ |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gizele Thakral is happy that her debut Punjabi music video was with Gippy Grewal |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/side-story-185076/ |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8" />

She began her modeling career at age 14, participating in the [[Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest|Gladrags Model Hunt]], where she reached the top five finalists and won titles such as Miss Best Body and Miss Potential. She later won the [[Miss Rajasthan]] title as a teenager.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Walia |first=Rashi |date=7 December 2015 |title=Bigg Boss 9: Gizele Thakral - Things you need to know about this wild card entry- The Times of India |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/bigg-boss-9-gizele-thakral-things-you-need-to-know-about-this-wild-card-entry/listshow/50075820.cms |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gizele Thakral: Meet 'Bigg Boss 9' new wild card entry who bagged Miss Best Body, Miss Potential titles in Gladrags Model Hunt |url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/gizele-thakral-bigg-boss-9-new-wild-card-entry-bagged-miss-best-body-miss-potential-titles-in-2005s-gladrags-model-hunt-1173528.html |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Modeling ===
Thakral gained prominence in the modeling industry after being featured in the [[Kingfisher Calendar]] in 2011. She also represented India at the [[Ford Models Supermodel of the World]] contest in [[Turkey]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wadhwa |first=Akash |date=2012-02-15 |title=I have no issues in being called hot: Gizele Thakral |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-have-no-issues-in-being-called-hot-gizele-thakral/articleshow/11897388.cms |access-date=2025-07-18 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

She has been a part of many [[Fashion week|fashion weeks]] including [[Paris Fashion Week]], [[London Fashion Week]] and [[Milan Fashion Week]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-04 |title=Who Is Gizele Thakral? Kya Kool Hain Hum 3 Actor To Bigg Boss Malayalam 7 - All You Need To Know |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/who-is-gizele-thakral-kya-kool-hain-hum-3-actor-to-bigg-boss-malayalam-7-all-you-need-to-know-article-152404971 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2025-08-03 |title=Who is Gizele Thakral? Meet Bigg Boss Malayalam 7 contestant who disappeared after Salman Khan's show and 3 Bollywood films |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/who-is-gizele-thakral-meet-bigg-boss-malayalam-7-contestant-who-disappeared-after-salman-khans-show-and-3-bollywood-films-1395031 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

=== Television ===
In 2012, Thakral competed in the reality show ''[[Survivor India]]'' but exited early due to an injury. In 2013, she appeared on ''[[Welcome – Baazi Mehmaan Nawazi Ki]]'', a cooking-based reality show.<ref name=":0" />

In 2015, she entered ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 9|Bigg Boss 9]]'', hosted by [[Salman Khan]], as a [[Wild card (sports)|wild card]] contestant but was eliminated after a short stint.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-13 |title=Bigg Boss 9: Gizele Thakral says she found the Bigg Boss voice very hot; loved to take orders from him |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-9-gizele-thakral-says-she-found-the-bigg-boss-voice-very-hot-loved-to-take-orders-from-him-303663-2016-01-13 |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=DNA Web |title=Bigg Boss 9: All you need to know about Giselle Thakral, new wild card entry |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bigg-boss-9-all-you-need-to-know-about-gizele-thakral-new-wild-card-entry-2153130 |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=[[DNA India]] |language=en}}</ref>

In 2016, she appeared as a guest on the comedy show ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2016-01-16 |title=Gizelle's lips become the butt of jokes on Comedy Nights Bachao! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gizelles-lips-become-the-butt-of-jokes-on-comedy-nights-bachao/articleshow/50604289.cms |access-date=2025-07-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2025, she entered the Malayalam reality show [[Bigg Boss (Malayalam TV series) season 7]].<ref name=":6" />

=== Film ===
Thakral debuted in Bollywood with the 2016 comedy film ''[[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum 3]]'', playing the character Meri Lee. In the same year, she appeared as Titli Boobna in ''[[Mastizaade]]''. She later acted in ''The Great Indian Casino'' (2019).<ref name=":0" />

=== Music video ===
In 2022, Thakral was featured as the female lead in the music video "Escobar" by Jaggi Amargarh and Simar Kaur.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Who Is Gizele Thakral? The Bollywood Actress Now Part Of Bigg Boss Malayalam 7 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/who-is-gizele-thakral-the-bollywood-actress-now-part-of-bigg-boss-malayalam-7-ws-l-aa-aa-9482532.html |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2023, she was featured in the music video for the song "Bands" by American rapper [[Rick Ross]], directed by [[Richard Stanley (director)|Richard Stan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-31 |title=Gizele Thakral of 'Bigg Boss 9' appears in Rick Ross music video for 'Bands' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gizele-thakral-of-bigg-boss-9-appears-in-rick-ross-music-video-for-bands/articleshow/99136972.cms |access-date=2025-07-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Business ===
In 2022, Thakral launched a company in Dubai focused on fashion, technology, investment, and warehousing, with a particular emphasis on the fashion sector.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Gomes |first=Michael |date=2 September 2020 |title=Gizele Thakral puts her fashion stamp on Dubai |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/entertainment/gizele-thakral-puts-her-fashion-stamp-on-dubai |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=[[Khaleej Times]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" |Role
! scope="col" |Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Refs|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2016
|''[[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum 3]]''
|Meri Lee
| rowspan="3" |[[Hindi Cinema|Hindi]]
|<ref name=":5" />
|-
|2016
|''[[Mastizaade]]''
|Titli Boobna
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-05 |title=Mastizaade bombshell Gizele Thakral soars temperature high in white bikini — See photos |url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/mastizaade-bombshell-gizele-thakral-soars-temperature-high-in-white-bikini-see-photos-2097343.html |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''The Great Indian Casino''
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hottie! Gizele Thakral is here with her sizzling hot looks to make your day, check it out |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/hottie-gizele-thakral-here-her-sizzling-hot-looks-make-your-day-check-it-out-231201 |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=www.tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Television shows ===
{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" |Role
! scope="col" |Language
! scope="col" |Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2012
|''[[Survivor India – The Ultimate Battle]]''
|Contestant
|Rowspan=4|Hindi
|Exited due to injury
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|2013
|''[[Welcome – Baazi Mehmaan Nawazi Ki]]''
|Contestant
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2015
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 9)|Bigg Boss Hindi 9]]''
|Contestant
|Wild card entry
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|2016
|''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''
|Guest
|
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|2025
|''[[Bigg Boss (Malayalam TV series) season 7|Bigg Boss Malayalam 7]]''
|Contestant
|Rowspan=2|[[Malayalam]]
|
|<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2025-08-03 |title=Bigg Boss Malayalam Season 7 LIVE Updates: Renu Sudhi, Appani Sarath and 18 other contestants enter Mohanlal's show |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/bigg-boss-malayalam-season-7-live-updates-mohanlal-returns-as-host-10167308/ |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-06 |title=Bigg Boss Malayalam 7: Gizele Thakral gets evicted, says ‘I did my best, but at times emotions overpower us’ |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/bigg-boss-malayalam-7-gizele-thakral-gets-evicted-says-i-did-my-best-but-at-times-emotions-overpower-us/articleshow/124339667.cms |access-date=2025-10-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2026{{endash}}present
|''[[Comedy Cooks]]''
| Pantry In-charge
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-02 |title=Bhavana to Judge ‘Comedy Cooks’; TV and Social Media Stars Join as Contestants|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/bhavana-to-judge-comedy-cooks-tv-and-social-media-stars-join-as-contestants/articleshow/129976109.cms|access-date=2026-04-03 |website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Singer(s)
!
|-
|2022
|"Escobar"
|Jaggi Amargarh and Simar Kaur
|<ref name=":7" />
|-
|2023
|"Bands"
|[[Rick Ross]]
|<ref name=":7" />
|}

== Media image ==
Thakral has frequently been compared to [[Kim Kardashian]] in media coverage, with outlets highlighting similarities in their physical appearance and glamorous personas.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Gizele Thakral makes her foray into Bollywood with 'Kyaa Kool Hain Hum 3' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/gizele-thakral-makes-her-foray-into-bollywood-with-kyaa-kool-hain-hum-3/videoshow/50695253.cms |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Agarwal |first=Stuti |date=2013-10-16 |title=Waiting for Bollywood to happen: Gizele Thakral |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gizele-thakral-bigg-boss-keeping-up-with-the-kardhashians-khan-sisters/articleshow/24257961.cms |access-date=2025-07-18 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gizele Thakral |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/tv/stars/gizele-thakral-hot-photos/gizele-thakral/articleshow/63559197.cms |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Former 'Bigg Boss' contestant Gizele Thakral is steaming up cyberspace with her bikini picturesPhotos - Stars-TV-The Times of India Photogallery |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/tv/stars/Former-Bigg-Boss-contestant-Gizele-Thakral-creates-a-virtual-storm-on-the-internet/morphshow/63595836.cms |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Desi kim kardashian Gizele Thakral Bold Photoshoot Goes Viral GIGI |url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/gallery-hindi/desi-kim-kardashian-gizele-thakral-bold-photoshoot-goes-viral-gigi-5434508/ |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=www.india.com |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Gizele_Thakral|Gizele Thakral}}

*{{IMDb name|id=nm7807244}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakral, Gizele}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:People from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female models]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Actresses from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:1996 births]]
{{Authority control}}

Khallari Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:20:49Z

KINGRON: new!

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Khallari
| type = SLA
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| constituency_no = 41
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mahasamund (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahasamund]]
| established = 2003
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Dwarikadhish Yadav]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| electors = {{formatnum:217389}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| map_image= Khallari Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Khallari''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceoMap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]] district.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| colspan="4" |''Prior to 1976: Constituency did not exist''
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Ramesh
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Laxminarayan Induria
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Ramesh
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Bhekhram Sahu
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<ref name="election1998">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3737-madhya-pradesh-1998/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|Ramesh
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Preetam Singh Diwan
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|Paresh Bagbahra
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|Chunni Lal Sahu
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018" />
| rowspan="2" |Dwarikadhish Yadav
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

== Election results ==
===2023===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Khallari<ref name="BJP Candidates CG 2023">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-has-released-first-list-of-21-candidates-for-chhattisgarh-assembly-elections-/articleshow/102802832.cms?from=mdr|title=BJP releases first list of 21 candidates for Chhattisgarh|work=The Times of India|accessdate=17 August 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Dwarikadhish Yadav
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 104,052
|percentage = 57.86
|change = -0.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Alka Chandrakar
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 66,933
|percentage = 37.22
|change = +13.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Santosh Darachand Banjare
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 2,187
|percentage = 1.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,095
|percentage = 1.16
|change = +0.86
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 37,119
|percentage = 20.64
|change = -13.73
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 179,833
|percentage = 82.72
|change = -0.52
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Khallari<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=Statistical data of General Election to Chhatisgarh Assembly - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dwarikadhish Yadav
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 96,108
|percentage = 57.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Monika Dilip Sahu
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 39,130
|percentage = 23.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Paresh Baghabara
|party = Janta Congress Chhattisgarh
|votes = 12,649
|percentage = 7.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bheklal Sahu
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 5,228
|percentage = 3.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Basanta Thakur
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|votes = 2,972
|percentage = 1.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 499
|percentage = 0.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 56,978
|percentage = 34.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 165,799
|percentage = 83.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Mahasamund district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

[[Category:Mahasamund district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2003]]
{{coord|21.1|82.29|display=title}}

Ragini IPS

2026-04-19T01:09:24Z

KINGRON: added new article

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ragini IPS
| image = Ragini IPS 1.jpg
| director = Anand P. Raju
| producer = K. Manju
| story = Danny Chadaga
| screenplay = Anand P. Raju
| narrator = [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]]<ref>{{cite news |title= Upendra lends voice for Kannada film 'Ragini IPS' |url= http://ibnlive.in.com/news/upendra-lends-voice-for-kannada-film-ragini-ips/427180-71-205.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140222200633/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/upendra-lends-voice-for-kannada-film-ragini-ips/427180-71-205.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 22 February 2014 |publisher= ibnlive.com |date= 8 October 2013 |accessdate= 17 February 2014}}</ref>
| starring = [[Ragini Dwivedi]] [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] Vivek Pandit [[Kavita Radheshyam]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Emil Mohammed]] '''Score:''' [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| cinematography = M. U. Nandakumar
| editing = K. M. Prakash
| studio = K. Manju Cinemaas
| released = {{Film date|2014|03|28|df=yes}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Ragini IPS''''' is a 2014 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action film]] directed by Anand P. Raju and produced by K. Manju.<ref>{{cite web |title= Ragini IPS |url= http://kmanjucinemaas.com/products/ragini%20ips/raginiips.html |website= kmanjucinemaas.com |access-date= 25 February 2014 |archive-date= 3 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225326/http://kmanjucinemaas.com/products/ragini%20ips/raginiips.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> It stars [[Ragini Dwivedi]] in the lead role and was the first Kannada film to be named after an actress.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Sandalwood-films-titled-after-popular-actors/articleshow/23113018.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213135610/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-27/news-interviews/42458462_1_film-title-ragini-ips-only-vishnuvardhana |url-status=live |archive-date=13 December 2013 |title=Sandalwood films titled after popular actors |date=27 September 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=30 March 2014}}</ref> [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], [[Kavita Radheshyam]] and Narayanaswamy appear in supporting roles. It was dubbed in Hindi as ''Hindustani Jaanbaaz 2''. It is loosely based on the 1988 Hindi movie ''[[Zakhmi Aurat]]''.

Upon theatrical release on 28 March 2014, the film received positive to mixed reviews from critics, with Dwivedi's performance receiving praise. The film was screened at the International Film and Entertainment Festival in [[Sydney]], [[Australia]], in November 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ragini IPS at IFEFA|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ragini-ips-at-ifefa-kannada-news-117505.html|work=indiaglitz.com|date=30 October 2014|accessdate=12 July 2015}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film tells the story about a strict [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer, Ragini ([[Ragini Dwivedi]]), who aims to rid the society of goons and corrupt politicians, and also ensure that women lead a safe and decent life. In the process, she is tied to bed and gang raped by 8 to 10 goons as revenge against her; they brutally assault her by using their call girl women as bait. The crux of the story is based around how her name is ruined in the police department and how she takes revenge.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Ragini Dwivedi]] as [[Assistant superintendent|ASP]] Ragini [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Hiremath
* [[Kavita Radheshyam]] as Savithri
* Narayanaswamy as Jagadish
* [[Achyuth Kumar]]
* Ninasam Ashwath as Maadegowda
* [[Ramesh Bhat]]
* Junglee Prasanna
* [[Veena Sundar]]
* Jayasimha Musuri
* [[Jasper (actor)|Jasper]]
* Sudhakar
* Raam
* Vivek Pandith
* Ravindra
* Girish
* Soujanya as Soujanya
* [[Chikkanna]]
* Bhavya bhuvanahalli chandre Gowda
* Petrol Prasanna
* Ram Prasad
* Manjaiah
* Mohan Juneja
}}

==Production==
The filming of ''Ragini IPS'' began on 24 May 2012, on [[Ragini Dwivedi]]'s 22nd birthday.<ref>{{cite news |title= Ragini Dwivedi to start shooting Ragini IPS on her birthday |url= https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2012/ragini-dwivedi-start-shooting-ragini-ips-birthday-095944.html |publisher= Oneindia |date= 24 May 2012 |access-date= 17 February 2014 |archive-date= 22 February 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140222041414/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/news/2012/ragini-dwivedi-start-shooting-ragini-ips-birthday-095944.html |url-status= live }}</ref> The stunts for the film were directed by Mass Madha.<ref>{{cite news |title= Ragini turns action Rani |url= http://www.chitratara.com/show-content.php?id=3772&ptype=News&title=RAGINI%20TURNS%20ACTION%20RAANI! |publisher= chitratara.com |date= 24 May 2012 |accessdate= 17 February 2014}}</ref> Director Anand P. Raju approached actress [[Rishika Singh]] for an important role in the film but later opted for [[Bollywood]] actress [[Kavita Radheshyam]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Kannada movie Ragini IPS gets the final touch with Upendra's dubbing |url= http://sholoanabangaliana.in/blog/2013/10/11/kannada-movie-ragini-ips-gets-the-final-touch-with-upendras-dubbing/ |publisher= sholoanabangaliana.in/blog |date= 11 October 2013 |accessdate= 17 February 2014 |archive-date= 21 February 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140221235622/http://sholoanabangaliana.in/blog/2013/10/11/kannada-movie-ragini-ips-gets-the-final-touch-with-upendras-dubbing/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> Having been trained in [[Taekwondo]], all the stunts in the film were performed by Dwivedi herself without using a [[body double]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Ragini does stunts without a body double |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Ragini-does-stunts-without-a-body-double/articleshow/31909421.cms |newspaper= The Times of India |date= 13 March 2014 |accessdate= 14 March 2014}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Ragini IPS
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Emil Mohammed]]
| cover =
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = 8 March 2014
| recorded = 2012
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Kannada]]
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Namo Bhootatma]]
| prev_year = 2014
| next_title = [[Mahakali (film)|Mahakali]]
| next_year = 2015
}}

The music of the film was composed by [[Emil Mohammed]]. The soundtrack album of the film was released on 8 March 2014. The raunchy song "Menasina Kaaee" went viral on social media and [[Bollywood]] actress [[Kavita Radheshyam]] who debuts with this film in [[Kannada]] was compared with late south Indian actress and sex symbol [[Silk Smitha]] by press and media.<ref>{{cite news |title= Kavita the Next Silk Smitha |url= http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Kavita-the-Next-Silk-Smitha/2014/03/27/article2130386.ece#.UzQfUYVaybg |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140329101546/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Kavita-the-Next-Silk-Smitha/2014/03/27/article2130386.ece#.UzQfUYVaybg |url-status= dead |archive-date= 29 March 2014 |newspaper= The New Indian Express |date= 27 March 2014 |accessdate= 27 March 2014}}</ref>

{{Track listing
|extra_column = Artist(s)
|total_length =
| title1= Sakhathu Sakhathu
| extra1 = [[Sowmya Raoh]]
| lyrics1 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Menasina Kaaee
| extra2 = Ramya
| lyrics2 = V. Nagendra Prasad
| length2 =
| title3 = Hennondu Devarendu
| extra3 = [[Hemanth Kumar]]
| lyrics3 = Anand
| length3 =
}}

=== Reception ===
Kavya Christopher of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the album a rating of one out of five and said, "The number of songs for Ragini IPS has been restricted to two, and it is undoubtedly one of the wisest decisions taken by whosoever has done that." and concluded writing, "Musically, this film assures just mediocrity."<ref>{{cite news |title= Music Review: Ragini IPS |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/Music-Review-Ragini-IPS/articleshow/32835709.cms |newspaper= The Times of India |date= 28 March 2014 |accessdate= 29 March 2014}}</ref>

== Release and reception ==
The film was set for release on [[Ragini Dwivedi]]'s 23rd birthday on 24 May 2013 but was postponed to August due to various reasons. It was then postponed for a 27 December release. The release again got delayed after sources said the producer of the film was requested by the producer and director of ''[[Chatrapathi (2013 film)|Chatrapathi]]'' to postpone its theatrical release due to both films slated to release on 27 December.<ref>{{cite news |title= Ragini IPS release postponed again |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Ragini-IPS-release-postponed-again/articleshow/27470652.cms |archive-url= https://archive.today/20140217171349/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-16/news-interviews/45254376_1_ragini-ips-ragini-dwivedi-release |url-status= live |archive-date= 17 February 2014 |date= 16 December 2013 |newspaper= [[The Times of India]] |access-date= 17 February 2014}}</ref> After delaying the release for almost a year, the film was finally released on 28 March 2014.

=== Critical reception ===
''Ragini IPS'' received positive to mixed reviews from critics upon its theatrical release. G. S. Kumar of ''The Times of India'' gave the film a rating of three out of five and wrote, "...Ragini IPS is purely a commercial flick. The formula is not novel, with action queen Malashri having portrayed similar roles earlier. Ragini's high-octane stunts may be a draw, but the cop thriller scores low on dialogues."<ref>{{cite news |title= Ragini IPS review |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Ragini-IPS/movie-review/32916253.cms |newspaper= The Times of India |date= 29 March 2014 |accessdate= 2 May 2014}}</ref> ''Indiaglitz'' gave the film a 7.5/10 rating and wrote, "...'Ragini IPS' a solid action film from one of the ravishing beauty on Kannada screen Ragini." and concluded writing that the commercial entertainer was worth watching.<ref>{{cite web |title= Ragini IPS - Ragini Roars and Scores! |url= https://www.indiaglitz.com/ragini-ips-kannada-movie-review-15811 |website= indiaglitz.com |date= 29 March 2014 |accessdate= 2 May 2014}}</ref> ''Sify.com'' gave the film a rating of 3/5 and wrote, "Ragini IPS finally sees a theatrical release and when watched for something out of the box, the audience find nothing but another usual woman oriented action movie. Though the script does not appeal as expected, it is quite successful in entertaining the mass audience and also tells people what is right and wrong in a realistic manner."<ref>{{cite web |title= Movie review :Ragini IPS |url= http://www.sify.com/movies/ragini-ips-review-kannada-15052171.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140329155021/http://www.sify.com/movies/ragini-ips-review-kannada-15052171.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 29 March 2014 |website= [[Sify]] |accessdate= 2 May 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3124196}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ragini IPS}}
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Karnataka Police]]
[[Category:Indian rape and revenge films]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Indian erotic films]]
[[Category:2014 masala films]]
[[Category:2014 action films]]
[[Category:2014 erotic films]]

Marh Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:24:54Z

KINGRON: creating

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Marh
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 80
| mla = [[Surinder Kumar (politician)|Surinder Kumar]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| district = [[Jammu district|Jammu]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency|Jammu]]
| established = 1962
| electors = 93,300<ref>{{Cite web| title=Final Publication Data | year=2024 | url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/Assembly_Elections_2024/Final_Publication_Data_2024.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009201844/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/Assembly_Elections_2024/Final_Publication_Data_2024.pdf | archive-date=2024-10-09}}</ref>
| reservation = SC
}}

'''Marh Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. [[Marh]] is also part of [[Jammu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jammu Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/marh.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Marh Assembly Constituency]</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || rowspan=2 | Guranditta Mal || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Sushil Kumar
|-
| [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Tulsi Ram || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan=2 | [[Mula Ram]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || rowspan=2 | [[Ajay Sadhotra]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
| [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan=2 | [[Sukh Nandan Kumar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Surinder Kumar (politician)|Surinder Kumar]]
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Marh<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bandipora|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|access-date=10 October 2024|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072117/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|archive-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Surinder Kumar (politician)|Surinder Kumar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=42,563 |percentage=55.25% |change={{increase}}12.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mula Ram]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,477 |percentage=25.28% |change={{increase}}6.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohan Lal Kaith |party=Independent politician |votes=12,868 |percentage=16.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Som Nath |party=Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) |votes=802 |percentage=1.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Chander |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=496 |percentage=0.64% |change={{decrease}}4.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=411 |percentage=0.53% |change={{decrease}}0.32 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,086 |percentage=29.97% |change= {{increase}}10.60 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=77,039 |percentage=82.57% |change= {{increase}}0.99 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,300 |ref = |change= {{increase}}26.93 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}12.90 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Marh<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sukh Nandan Kumar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=25,396 |percentage=42.35% |change={{increase}}7.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ajay Sadhotra]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=13,784 |percentage=22.99% |change={{increase}}0.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwan Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,255 |percentage=18.77% |change={{increase}}16.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suram Singh |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=4,886 |percentage=8.15% |change={{increase}}2.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,972 |percentage=4.96% |change={{decrease}}5.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sandeep Singh |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=448 |percentage=0.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=514 |percentage=0.86% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,612 |percentage=19.36% |change= {{increase}}6.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=59,965 |percentage=81.58% |change= {{decrease}}0.39 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,503 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.95 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}7.31 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Marh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sukh Nandan Kumar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=18,368 |percentage=35.04% |change={{increase}}5.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ajay Sadhotra]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=11,787 |percentage=22.49% |change={{decrease}}9.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=9,207 |percentage=17.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagjit Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=5,592 |percentage=10.67% |change={{increase}}5.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suram Singh |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=2,863 |percentage=5.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Pal Sharma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=993 |percentage=1.89% |change={{decrease}}27.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anan Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=950 |percentage=1.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,581 |percentage=12.56% |change= {{increase}}10.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=52,417 |percentage=81.97% |change= {{increase}}13.15 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 63,943 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}6.23 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{increase}}3.17 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Marh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ajay Sadhotra]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=14,959 |percentage=31.87% |change={{increase}}2.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sukh Nandan Kumar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,792 |percentage=29.39% |change={{increase}}2.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwan Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,564 |percentage=28.90% |change={{increase}}15.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,255 |percentage=4.80% |change={{decrease}}10.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parshotam Singh |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=617 |percentage=1.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yash Raj Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=579 |percentage=1.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,167 |percentage=2.49% |change= {{increase}}0.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,935 |percentage=68.83% |change= {{decrease}}0.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,194 |ref = |change= {{increase}}40.04 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{increase}}2.12 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Marh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117084805/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ajay Sadhotra]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=10,072 |percentage=29.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sukh Nandan Kumar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,259 |percentage=27.35% |change={{increase}}24.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Girdhari Lal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=5,160 |percentage=15.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwan Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,432 |percentage=13.09% |change={{decrease}}39.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devi Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=2,090 |percentage=6.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madan Mohan Khajooria |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,050 |percentage=3.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parminder Singh |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=950 |percentage=2.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=813 |percentage=2.40% |change= {{decrease}}13.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,850 |percentage=70.68% |change= {{decrease}}7.02 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,697 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.44 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}22.48 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Marh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114084427/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mula Ram]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,162 |percentage=52.24% |change={{decrease}}5.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sat Pal |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=11,818 |percentage=35.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banarsi Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,645 |percentage=5.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dewan Chand |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,230 |percentage=3.74% |change={{decrease}}1.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Lal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=884 |percentage=2.69% |change={{decrease}}1.35 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,344 |percentage=16.27% |change= {{decrease}}28.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,854 |percentage=78.50% |change= {{increase}}9.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 42,929 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.47 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.78 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Marh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117082124/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mula Ram]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,543 |percentage=58.02% |change={{increase}}30.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krit Paul |party=Independent politician |votes=3,295 |percentage=13.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tilak Raj Atri |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=3,128 |percentage=12.48% |change={{decrease}}12.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sham Lal |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,304 |percentage=5.20% |change={{increase}}1.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vishwa Bandhu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,013 |percentage=4.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pritam Chand Motan |party=Independent politician |votes=561 |percentage=2.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Milkhi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=373 |percentage=1.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,248 |percentage=44.88% |change= {{increase}}39.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,065 |percentage=69.07% |change= {{increase}}13.99 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 37,179 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.43 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}25.07 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Marh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tulsi Ram |party=Janata Party |votes=5,527 |percentage=32.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sushil Kumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,553 |percentage=27.15% |change={{decrease}}24.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Milkhi Ram |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=4,155 |percentage=24.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vishwa Bandu |party=Independent politician |votes=944 |percentage=5.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhoonda |party=Communist Party of India |votes=573 |percentage=3.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mela Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=557 |percentage=3.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Som Nath Dogra |party=Independent politician |votes=462 |percentage=2.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=974 |percentage=5.81% |change= {{decrease}}16.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,771 |percentage=54.60% |change= {{decrease}}12.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,393 |ref = |change= {{increase}}43.59 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}18.49 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Marh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sushil Kumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,406 |percentage=51.44% |change={{increase}}10.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tulsi Ram |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=4,201 |percentage=29.18% |change={{decrease}}3.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Milkhi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=2,790 |percentage=19.38% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,205 |percentage=22.26% |change= {{increase}}14.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,397 |percentage=68.01% |change= {{decrease}}5.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,863 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.53 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Marh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052138/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Guranditta Mal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,393 |percentage=40.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Mal |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=4,357 |percentage=33.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Ram |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=2,953 |percentage=22.38% |change={{decrease}}19.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Nath |party=Democratic National Conference |votes=493 |percentage=3.74% |change={{increase}}0.20 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,036 |percentage=7.85% |change= {{decrease}}3.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,196 |percentage=74.87% |change= {{decrease}}2.87 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,445 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.52 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}0.62 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Marh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Guranditta Mal |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=5,200 |percentage=41.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Rakha Mal |party=Jammu Praja Parishad |votes=3,734 |percentage=29.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Milkhi Ram |party=Harijan Mandal |votes=2,877 |percentage=22.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Behari Lal |party=Democratic National Conference |votes=443 |percentage=3.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Saran |party=Independent politician |votes=279 |percentage=2.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,466 |percentage=11.70% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,533 |percentage=75.58% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,842 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Jammu]]
* [[List of constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|32.90|74.84|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Zee Bharat

2026-04-08T18:46:07Z

KINGRON: creating some stub w/ sources

{{Short description|Hindi news channel}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Zee Bharat
| logo = Zee Bharat Logo 2025.svg
| logo_size = 260px
| logo_caption =
| branding =
| logo_alt =
| launch_date = {{start date and age|21 May 2017|df=yes}}
| closed_date =
| picture_format = [[576i]] ([[SDTV]] [[16:9]], [[4:3]])
| owner = [[Zee Media Corporation Limited]]
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi]]
| area =
| sister_channels = [[Zee News]] [[Zee Business]]
| headquarters = [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| website = {{url|http://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zee-hindustan}}
| online_serv_1 = [[ZEE5]]
| online_chan_1 = [https://www.zee5.com/channels/details/zee-hindustan/0-9-zeehindustan Zee Hindustan]
}}

'''Zee Bharat''' is an Indian [[Hindi-language]] [[television news channel]], owned by [[Zee Media]]. It was first launched as Zee News Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh in 2006 and in 2013, it was rebranded as Zee Sangam. In 2016, the channel was again rebranded as India 24×7, and in 2017 as Zee Hindustan, under the leadership of the then-CEO of Zee Media's regional news division, Jagdish Chandra.

It had been launched as part of the Essel Group's efforts to establish a 'nationalist' news channel, in 2017. In 2018, the Essel Group announced that the channel would be 'anchor-less' and would present news without news anchors or news readers. The channel has faced frequent criticism and criminal complaints for sharing incorrect or misleading news.

== History ==
In May 2017, the Essel Group, an Indian media conglomerate, launched Zee Hindustan as a "nationalist news channel," rebranding their former India 24×7 programming.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=N. L. |title=ZEE Group has a new "Nationalist News Channel" in its portfolio |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2017/05/22/zee-group-has-a-new-nationalist-news-channel-in-its-portfolio |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Newslaundry|date=22 May 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Zee group news channel Zee Hindustan goes live |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/zee-group-news-channel-zee-hindustan-goes-live-68903.html |access-date=2017-05-23 |publisher=www.exchange4media.com}}</ref> In December 2018, the channel was relaunched as 'anchorless,' announcing this in a front-page advertisement in the newspaper, ''Hindustan Times''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=N. L. |title=Zee Hindustan to go anchor-less. Thank god for small mercies |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/01/09/zee-hindustan-anchorless-arnab-goswami-anjana-om-kashyap-and-rajat-sharma |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Newslaundry|date=9 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India's first anchor-less news channel, Zee Hindustan to give news without views |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-india-s-first-anchor-less-news-channel-zee-hindustan-to-give-news-without-views-2695651 |access-date=2018-12-13 |publisher=www.dnaindia.com}}</ref>

In 2018, a former civil servant filed a criminal complaint against Zee Hindustan, after the broadcast of a manipulated video suggesting that some members of the Rashtriya Janata Dal, a political party, shouted 'pro-Pakistan' slogans following their victory in an election in Araria, Bihar. The complaint produced a video to show that no such slogans were raised and that issues in the lip sync in the video aired by Zee Hindustan suggested it was not authentic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Civil Servant Files Complaint Against Zee Hindustan for Pushing Communal Agenda |url=https://thewire.in/media/zee-news-hindutva-communal-agenda |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-16 |title=Audio analysis of the viral Araria video with alleged pro-Pak slogans raises suspicions |url=https://www.altnews.in/audio-analysis-of-the-viral-araria-video-with-alleged-pro-pak-slogans-raises-suspicions/ |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Alt News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agarwal |first=Cherry |title=Latest in WhatsApp Journalism: Zee Hindustan's show on Araria |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/03/20/zee-hindustan-araria-pro-pak-slogans-media-coverage |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Newslaundry|date=20 March 2018 }}</ref>

In 2019, an employee of Zee Media, who was head of media content for several channels; including Zee Hindustan, resigned, alleging that the organisation was actively portraying misleading news.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Veena |title='They mislead people': Zee Media employee resigns over TV channel's coverage of the Jamia protests |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/12/26/zee-media-employee-resigns-tv-channels-coverage-of-jamia-protest |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Newslaundry|date=26 December 2019 }}</ref>

In July 2021, the Popular Front of India, a political party, filed a complaint of defamation against Zee Hindustan, after a news anchor on the show claimed that they had funded efforts by the Rohingya refugees in India to seek identity documents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Priyadarshini |first=Anna |title='False accusations to portray the anti-national image of us': PFI files defamation suit against Zee Media |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/07/16/false-accusations-to-portray-anti-national-image-of-us-pfi-files-defamation-suit-against-zee-media |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Newslaundry|date=16 July 2021 }}</ref>

In September 2021, Zee Hindustan was one of several Indian channels which ran footage from the video game, [[Arma 3]], while claiming it was real footage of the [[Pakistani Air Force]], bombing parts of Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=N. L. |title='These people give journalists an appalling name': France24 fact-checks India's 'mainstream media' |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/10/01/these-people-give-journalists-an-appalling-name-france24-fact-checks-indias-mainstream-media |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Newslaundry|date=October 2021 }}</ref> [[Fact-checking]] organisations BoomLive and Alt News confirmed that it was video game footage, as did [[France24]], a French news channel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-06 |title=Republic, TV9 air video game clips as Pakistani Air Force attacks in Panjshir, Afghanistan |url=https://www.altnews.in/republic-tv9-air-video-game-clips-as-pakistani-airforce-attack-in-panjshir-afghanistan/ |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Alt News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alphonso |first=Anmol |date=2021-09-06 |title=Republic TV Runs Video Game Clip As Pakistani Airforce Attacking Panjshir {{!}} BOOM |url=https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/fake-news-republic-tv-zee-hindustan-pakistan-airstrikes-panjshir-valley-taliban-afghanistan-arma-3-video-game-factcheck-14582 |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=www.boomlive.in |language=en}}</ref>

In April 2020, the Zee Hindustan anchors falsely claimed that a British restaurant was deliberately poisoning non-Muslim customers with food contaminated by faeces, and attempted to link the owners to [[Tablighi Jamaat]], a Muslim organisation, as a recent incident; the visuals and story that they shared related to a 2015 incident in which customers (regardless of religion) fell ill after a rare strain of ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'', found in the lettuce used in Khyber Pass, a British restaurant, in which the staff had also failed to maintain proper hand-washing protocols - an incident that was widely reported in the British press.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=BOOM FACT Check |date=2020-04-25 |title=Zee Hindustan Peddles 2015 News As Recent, Adds False Communal Angle |url=https://www.boomlive.in/fake-news/zee-hindustan-peddles-2015-news-as-recent-adds-false-communal-angle-7816 |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=www.boomlive.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-23 |title=E coli struck 142 takeaway customers after staff did not wash hands |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/23/e-coli-142-takeaway-customers-staff-did-not-wash-hands-khyber-pass |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>

In June 2022, Zee Hindustan was subject to disciplinary action by the News Broadcasting and Digital Standards Authority, along with other news channels, India TV and Aaj Tak, after they posted sensationalist accounts of the arrest of student leader Umar Khalid, and reproduced a police account without verification or fact-checking.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=N. L. |title=Take down 'sensationalist' shows on Umar Khalid, regulator tells Zee, India TV, Aaj Tak |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/06/15/take-down-sensationalist-shows-on-umar-khalid-regulator-tells-zee-india-tv-aaj-tak |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Newslaundry|date=15 June 2022 }}</ref>

In 2022, Zee Hindustan issued a formal apology and withdrew a news segment, after confirming that it consisted of a doctored video of the Indian National Congress politician, Rahul Gandhi. He had made a public statement forgiving student activists who vandalised his office in Wayanad, Kerala. The video was shared by Zee Hindustan to falsely make it appear that Gandhi was calling for forgiveness for two Muslim persons charged with beheading a Hindu man in a case of communal violence. Following the incident, a criminal complaint was filed against Zee Hindustan and the news anchor who aired the segment, Rohit Ranjan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-03 |title=Congress files plaint against anchor for doctored video |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/congress-files-plaint-against-anchor-for-doctored-video/article65596929.ece |access-date=2022-07-04 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The channel was available in several languages: Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam.<ref>{{cite news |title =ZEE Hindustan now available in Tamil and Telugu|url =https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/zee-hindustan-now-available-in-tamil-and-telugu-101176.html|publisher =www.exchange4media.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{Essel Group}}
{{Television news in India}}

[[Category:24-hour television news channels in India]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television channels in India]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2017]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]
[[Category:Television channels based in Noida]]

{{India-tv-station-stub}}

Guru Rudra Kumar

2026-04-05T00:10:24Z

KINGRON: new

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Guru Rudra Kumar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1977|07|23|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| birth_name =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| spouse =
| children =
| education =
| office = Minister of Public Health & Engineering 
Village Industries [[Government of Chhattisgarh]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Bhupesh Baghel]]
| term_start = 25 December 2018
| term_end = 3 December 2023
| predecessor = [[Ram Sewak Paikra]]
| successor = [[Arun Sao]]
| office1 = Member of [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 11 December 2018
| term_end1 = 3 December 2023
| predecessor1 = Rajmahant Sanwla Ram Dahre
| successor1 = Domanlal Korsewada
| constituency1 = [[Ahiwara Assembly constituency|Ahiwara]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Guru Rudra Kumar''' (born 23 July 1977) is an Indian politician. He is member of the [[Indian National Congress]]. He was minister in [[Baghel ministry]]. He previously served as member of the legislative assembly of Chhattisgarh from [[Ahiwara Assembly constituency|Ahiwara]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-25|title=पहली बार मंत्री बने युवा विधायक गुरु रूद्र हार गए थे पिछला चुनाव, जानिए कैसा रहा उनका राजनीतिक सफर… |url=https://www.patrika.com/bhilai-news/minister-guru-rudra-kumar-ahiwara-mla-3883219?amp=1|access-date=2024-07-28|website=Patrika News|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Guru Rudra Kumar, INC MLA from Ahiwara - Our Neta |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/guru-rudra-kumar/|access-date=2024-07-28|website=Our Neta|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Guru Rudra}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Chhattisgarh]]

{{Chhattisgarh-INC-politician-stub}}

Yaamirukka Bayamey

2026-03-29T13:03:49Z

KINGRON: creating the data w/ sources

{{Short description|2014 Indian film by Deekay}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Yaamirukka Bayamey.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Deekay
| writer = Deekay
| producer = [[Elred Kumar]] Jayaraman
| starring = [[Kreshna|Krishna]] [[Rupa Manjari]] [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] [[Anaswara Kumar]] [[Oviya]]
| cinematography = Rammy
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| music = S. N. Prasad
| studio = [[RS Infotainment]]
| released = {{film date|df=y|2014|5|9}}
| runtime = 122 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}5 crore<ref name="sify.com" />
}}
'''''Yaamirukka Bayamey''''' ({{translation|Always fear, when we are here}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[horror comedy]] film written and directed by debutant Deekay and produced by [[Elred Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2013 |title='Illa Aanalum Irukku' first look |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Illa-Aanalum-Irukku-first-look/articleshow/25167626.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105204307/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-03/news-interviews/43628277_1_first-look-film-rupa-manjari |archive-date=5 November 2013 |access-date=5 November 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The cast includes [[Kreshna]], [[Rupa Manjari]], [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]], [[Anaswara Kumar]] and [[Oviya]]. The film was released on 9 May 2014 to positive reviews.

The film was later remade into Kannada as ''[[Namo Bhootatma]]'' and in Telugu as ''[[Next Nuvve]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2014 |title=Tamil hit Yaamirukka Bayamey goes in for Kannada remake |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/tamil-hit-yaamirukka-bayamey-goes-in-for-kannada-remake/story-eu5w60dwNPyWsC9VvmNjlJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222062433/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/tamil-hit-yaamirukka-bayamey-goes-in-for-kannada-remake/story-eu5w60dwNPyWsC9VvmNjlJ.html |archive-date=22 February 2026 |access-date=22 February 2026 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 November 2017 |title='Next Nuvve': Five reasons why you should watch Aadi, Vaibhavi Shandilya, Rashmi Gautam and Brahmaji starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/next-nuvve-review-five-reasons-why-you-should-watch-aadi-vaibhavi-shandilya-rashmi-gautam-and-brahmaji-starrer-movie-next-nuvve/articleshow/61460044.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615082033/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/next-nuvve-review-five-reasons-why-you-should-watch-aadi-vaibhavi-shandilya-rashmi-gautam-and-brahmaji-starrer-movie-next-nuvve/articleshow/61460044.cms |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=22 February 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> ''Yaamirukka Bayamey'' is based on the 1998 Korean film ''[[The Quiet Family]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2014 |title=Southern movies inspired without credit – here's the list |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/southern-movies-inspired-without-credit-heres-list-20556 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505071928/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/southern-movies-inspired-without-credit-heres-list-20556 |archive-date=5 May 2022 |access-date=7 October 2018 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Sheila |date=27 November 2016 |title=Food to lingo, India goes on a K-trip |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/Food-to-lingo-India-goes-on-a-K-trip/articleshow/55641575.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820103423/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/Food-to-lingo-India-goes-on-a-K-trip/articleshow/55641575.cms |archive-date=20 August 2023 |access-date=30 November 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
Kiran is a TV telemarketer who gets into trouble after one of his products has an opposite effect than what was intended, on the son of a local thug, Durai, and that he acted at the commercial for him. At the same moment, he discovers that his biological father left him a mansion on an estate in a small town through a letter sent to him. He cons Durai's son; escapes with the money along with his girlfriend Smitha; and renovates the rundown mansion into a hotel with the help of a local caretaker named Sharath, who was under the care of Kiran's father before, and his bombshell sister Saranya. Sharath wants to have Saranya marry Kiran for their personal gains, thereby triggering a catfight between Smitha and Saranya. Customers begin to come as soon the hotel opens. A husband and wife, a newly married Tamil-Chinese couple with relatives, a wrestling coach, and a bodybuilder die in the premise after staying for one night. The dead bodies are buried on the backyard. All the guests die except the schoolkids and teacher who were sent by the local police inspector. Initially, Kiran and Smitha suspect Sharath, but he proves his innocence.

The local digger tips the police after seeing the four digging in the estate, and Kiran confesses to the police about their deception. However, the police reveals that they died many years ago and that the so-called guests of his hotel were the late owners of the mansion, who died after purchasing the mansion within a few days. His suspicions are confirmed when things start going awry in the house, indicating some supernatural presence after signing the documents for claiming the ownership of the mansion on Kiran's name. They soon go to seek help from brother Adaikalam, who is a cheat. They kidnap him and bring him to the house. The foursome catches an old man inside the house, assuming that he is a thief. However, the old man says that he and the others will die if they leave the hotel. He narrates that the mansion was haunted by a ghost — Mohini, who would kill the house's owner.

Soon, Mohini starts to possess the people in the house and attacks Kiran. The gang is finally cornered with no chance of escape. It is said that they would die by midnight. Hearing someone banging on the door, Kiran opens the door to find Durai, his son, and his thugs. Durai asks for the house in return for the money he conned from him, along with the expense spent for searching him. Feeling pity for them, Kiran warns them about the spirit. Not listening to Kiran, Durai forces him to sign the papers for the house. Kiran and his friends are let go, and they see the spirits of the previous owners going inside the mansion on their way out. Just as they go out, they find the spirits of Durai and his group outside. Knowing that the ghost has killed them since it is midnight, Kiran and his group walk away.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Kreshna]] as Kiran
* [[Rupa Manjari]] as Smitha
* [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] as Sharath
* [[Oviya]] as Saranya
* [[Aadhav Kannadasan]] as Thamizh<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2013 |title=Aadhav Kannadhasan does a cameo in 'Illa Aanalum Irukku' |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131105/entertainment-kollywood/article/aadhav-kannadhasan-does-cameo-illa-aanalum-irukku |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105223017/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131105/entertainment-kollywood/article/aadhav-kannadhasan-does-cameo-illa-aanalum-irukku |archive-date=5 November 2013 |access-date=5 November 2013 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>
** [[Nalinikanth]] as Old Thamizh
* [[Anaswara Kumar]] as Mohini
* [[Mahanadhi Shankar]] as Don Durai
* [[Mayilswamy]] as Adaikalam "Brother"
* [[Bose Venkat]] as Arunachalam
* [[Yogi Babu]] as Panni Moonji Vaaya
* [[Namo Narayana]] as Guest
* Devipriya as Arunachalam's wife
* Balaji as Sitaram
* Vinoth Munna as Doctor
* Devdas Devasahayam as PT Master
* Rail Ravi
* [[Daniel Annie Pope]] as Romba Sumar Moonji Kumaru (cameo appearance)
* [[Sona Heiden]] as herself
}}

==Production==
Previously titled as ''Illa Aanalum Irukku'', the film's was retitled to avoid confusion with another film titled ''[[Irukku Aana Illai]]''.<ref name="indiatimes1">{{Cite web |last=Lakshmi |first=V |date=24 January 2014 |title=Title change for Kreshna, Roopa Manjari film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Title-change-for-Kreshna-Roopa-Manjari-film/articleshow/29253613.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124100815/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Title-change-for-Kreshna-Roopa-Manjari-film/articleshow/29253613.cms |archive-date=24 January 2014 |access-date=12 May 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Filming began in [[Nainital]] in October 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2013 |title=RS Infotainment to encourage young blood |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/rs-infotainment-to-encourage-young-blood-news-tamil-nk5skddbgea.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118162714/http://www.sify.com/movies/rs-infotainment-to-encourage-young-blood-news-tamil-nk5skddbgea.html |archive-date=18 January 2014 |access-date=5 November 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lakshmi |first=V. |date=6 November 2013 |title=Kreshna, Oviya shoot in Nainital |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Kreshna-Oviya-shoot-in-Nainital/articleshow/25264160.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214003651/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Kreshna-Oviya-shoot-in-Nainital/articleshow/25264160.cms |archive-date=14 February 2016 |access-date=5 November 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Yaamirukka Bayamey
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = S. N. Prasad
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2014
| recorded = 2014
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 16:01
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]]
| producer = S. N. Prasad
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title = [[Namo Bhootatma]]
| next_year = 2015
}}
The soundtrack was composed by S. N. Prasad. All lyrics written by Srikanth Varadan. Prasad received good reviews for his music, for which he gave credit to all his mentors, including the director, producers, and support staff.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 May 2014 |title=SN Prasad excited about Yaamirukka Bayamey |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/SN-Prasad-excited-about-Yaamirukka-Bayamey/articleshow/34882042.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512222705/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/SN-Prasad-excited-about-Yaamirukka-Bayamey/articleshow/34882042.cms |archive-date=12 May 2014 |access-date=12 May 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Adaikalam
| extra1 = [[Gana Bala]], El Fé Choir
| length1 = 3:00
| title2 = Ennamo Edho
| extra2 = [[Benny Dayal]], [[Sunitha Sarathy]]
| length2 = 3:39
| title3 = Vellai Pandhu
| extra3 = [[Haricharan]]
| length3 = 3:16
| title4 = Yemathukkaran
| extra4 = Harini Padmanabhan
| length4 = 3:26
| total_length = 16:01
}}

==Release==
The film was released on 9 May 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2014 |title=Friday Fury – May 9! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-may-9-news-tamil-ofjk9Ihegig.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510221244/http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-may-9-news-tamil-ofjk9Ihegig.html |archive-date=10 May 2014 |access-date=12 May 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

===Critical reception===
Udhav Naig of ''[[The Hindu]]'' called the film "a surprisingly well-made ‘horror-comedy’ that succeeds in continuously exploiting our irrational fear of the unknown even while nudging us to laugh at it...this is a fun summer film and should work regardless of whether one believes in the supernatural or not".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Naig |first=Udhav |date=10 May 2014 |title=Yaamirukka Bayamey: Busting ghosts |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/yaamirukka-bayamey-busting-ghosts/article5996392.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108134358/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/yaamirukka-bayamey-busting-ghosts/article5996392.ece |archive-date=8 January 2018 |access-date=12 May 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "''Yaamirukka Bayamey'' is something different within the commercial format and provides potent dose of laughs to release the tension built up by the scares".<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2014 |title=Yaamirukka Bayamey |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/yaamirukka-bayamey-review-tamil-pcmbpQgbabcdh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824054933/http://www.sify.com/movies/yaamirukka-bayamey-review-tamil-pcmbpQgbabcdh.html |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=22 February 2026 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave it 3 stars out of 5 and wrote, "The horror genre's mandatory elements are all here...but Deekay nicely subverts some of these cliches...Also, he doesn't try to spoof the genre's tropes to elicit laughs but chooses to bring out the humour in other ways. It is this confidence that makes the film work".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=10 May 2014 |title=Yaamirukka Bayamey |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/yaamirukka-bayamey/movie-review/34935665.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514123152/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/yaamirukka-bayamey/movie-review/34935665.cms |archive-date=14 May 2014 |access-date=12 May 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> S. Saraswathi of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "A clever script, good all round performances along with excellent support from the technical team make Deekay’s ''Yaamirukka Bayamey'' definitely worth a watch".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S |date=9 May 2014 |title=Review: Yaamirukka Bayamey is a hilarious tale of horror |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-yaamirukka-bayamey-is-a-hilarious-tale-of-horror/20140509.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512063234/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-yaamirukka-bayamey-is-a-hilarious-tale-of-horror/20140509.htm |archive-date=12 May 2014 |access-date=12 May 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> Nandita Ravi of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote, "Some cheap thrills, enough screams, a whole lot of clichés with some laughs thrown in for good measure. With all the right elements in place, ''Yaamirukka Bayamey'' delivers what is expected of it".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravi |first=Nandita |date=11 May 2014 |title=Movie review 'Yaamirukka Bayamey': Never fear even if ghosts are near |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140510/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-%E2%80%98yaamirukka-bayamey%E2%80%99-never-fear-even-if |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512133316/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140510/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-%E2%80%98yaamirukka-bayamey%E2%80%99-never-fear-even-if |archive-date=12 May 2014 |access-date=12 May 2014 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref>

===Box office===
In its opening weekend the film grossed approximately ₹2.42 crore from 262 screens in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Yaamirukka Bayamey' rocks TN box-office |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/Yaamirukka-Bayamey-rocks-TN-box-office-imagegallery-kollywood-ofssyWfjghg.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518220257/https://www.sify.com/movies/Yaamirukka-Bayamey-rocks-TN-box-office-imagegallery-kollywood-ofssyWfjghg.html |archive-date=18 May 2014 |access-date=22 February 2026 |work=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Due to positive reviews and [[word of mouth]] the collections picked up and by the end of first week the film had grossed around ₹2 crore.<ref name="sify.com">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2014 |title='Yaamirukku Bayamey' is a super hit! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/yaamirukku-bayamey-is-a-super-hit-news-tamil-ofss4Rehebesi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924214356/http://www.sify.com/movies/yaamirukku-bayamey-is-a-super-hit-news-tamil-ofss4Rehebesi.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=18 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2014 |title=Chennai Box-Office – May 16 to 18 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15055965&cid=13525926 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520184315/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15055965&cid=13525926 |archive-date=20 May 2014 |access-date=21 May 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of ghost films]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2010s ghost films]]
[[Category:2014 comedy horror films]]
[[Category:2014 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about film directors and producers]]
[[Category:Films about television people]]
[[Category:Films produced by Elred Kumar]]
[[Category:Films set in hotels]]
[[Category:Haunted house films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Indian ghost films]]
[[Category:Indian horror film remakes]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of South Korean films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Jaya Prada

2026-03-28T04:33:29Z

KINGRON: further correct content for consistency after review

{{Short description|Indian actress and politician (born 1955)}}
{{About|the actress and MP|the 1939 film|Jayaprada (film)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jaya Prada Nahata
| image = Jaya Prada graces Perfect Pati TV serial launch (03).jpg
| caption = Prada in 2019
| birth_name = Lalita Rani<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2020 |title=సినిమాల కోసం పేరు మార్చుకున్న స్టార్‌ హీరోయిన్లు |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/south-heroines-who-changed-their-names-movies-1318532 |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1962|04|03}}<ref name="loksabha">{{Cite web |title=Detailed Profile – Smt. P. Jaya Prada Nahata – Members of Parliament (Lok Sabha) – Who's Who |work=archive.india.gov.in |access-date=29 May 2016 |url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=4165 |archive-date=30 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630142802/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=4165 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Rajahmundry]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| spouse = {{marriage|Srikanth Nahata|1987}}
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 13 May 2004<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_II_LS_2004.pdf |title=Statistical Report On Gen Elections, 2004 To The 14th Lok Sabha |publisher=Election Commission Of India |date=13 May 2004 |access-date=14 June 2014 |archive-date=13 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713093401/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_II_LS_2004.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
| term_end = 16 May 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS244.htm |title=General Election To Lok Sabha Trends & Result 2014, Uttar Pradesh – Bijnor |publisher=Election Commission Of India |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517135216/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS244.htm?ac=4 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS247.htm |title=General Election To Lok Sabha Trends & Result 2014, Uttar Pradesh – Rampur |publisher=Election Commission Of India |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=14 June 2014 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628134414/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS247.htm?ac=7 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| predecessor = [[Noor Bano (politician)|Noor Bano]]
| successor = [[Naipal Singh]]
| constituency = [[Rampur Lok Sabha constituency|Rampur. Uttar Pradesh]]
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start1 = 10 April 1996
| term_end1 = 9 April 2002
| predecessor1 = [[R. K. Dhawan]]
| successor1 = [[Nandi Yellaiah]]
| constituency1 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]
| otherparty = [[Telugu Desam Party]] (until 2004) [[Samajwadi Party]] (2004–2010) [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] (2014–2019)
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/highlights/story/amar-singh-jaya-prada-join-ajit-singhs-rld-184323-2014-03-10 |title=Ajit Singh gives RLD tickets to Amar Singh, Jaya Prada from UP |work=India Today |date=10 March 2014 |access-date=26 March 2014 |archive-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327064327/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/amar-singh-jaya-prada-join-ajit-singhs-rld/1/347637.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (since 2019)<ref name="newsnation.in">{{cite web |url=https://www.newsnation.in/election/lok-sabha-election-2019/jaya-prada-joins-bjp-samajwadi-party-bollywood-actor-article-218325.html |title=Jaya Prada, veteran Bollywood actor and Samajwadi Party leader, joins BJP |publisher=newsnation.in |date=26 March 2019 |access-date=26 March 2019 |archive-date=26 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326075634/https://www.newsnation.in/election/lok-sabha-election-2019/jaya-prada-joins-bjp-samajwadi-party-bollywood-actor-article-218325.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|politician}}
| children = 1 (adopted)
}}

'''Jaya Prada Nahata''' (born '''Lalitha Rani Rao'''; 3 April 1962) is an Indian actress and politician known for her works majorly in [[Telugu cinema]] and [[Hindi cinema]] as well as in [[Tamil films]] in late '70s, '80s and early '90s and '20s. Jayaprada is the recipient of three [[Filmfare Awards South]] and has starred in many [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Bollywood|Hindi]] films along with several [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]], [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] and [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]] films. She left the film industry at the peak of her career, as she joined the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) in 1994 and entered politics. She was a [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) from [[Rampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rampur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] from 2004 to 2014.

Some of her notable films include ''[[Anthuleni Katha]]'' (1976), ''[[Siri Siri Muvva]]'' (1976), ''[[Sita Kalyanam (1976 film)|Sita Kalyanam]]'' (1976), ''[[Adavi Ramudu (1977 film)|Adavi Ramudu]]'' (1977), ''[[Yamagola]]'' (1977), ''[[Sanaadi Appanna]]'' (1977), ''[[Huliya Haalina Mevu]]'' (1979), ''[[Sargam (1979 film)|Sargam]]'' (1979), ''[[Ooriki Monagadu]]'' (1981), ''[[Kaamchor]]'' (1982), ''[[Kaviratna Kalidasa]]'' (1983), ''[[Sagara Sangamam]]'' (1983), ''[[Tohfa]]'' (1984), ''[[Sharaabi]]'' (1984), ''[[Maqsad]]'' (1984), ''[[Sanjog (1985 film)|Sanjog]]'' (1985), ''[[Aakhree Raasta]]'' (1986), ''[[Simhasanam (1986 film)|Simhasanam]]'' (1986), [[Muddat]] (1986), ''[[Sindoor (film)|Sindoor]]'' (1987), ''[[Samsaram (1988 film)|Samsaram]]'' (1988), ''[[Elaan-E-Jung]]'' (1989), ''[[Aaj Ka Arjun]]'' (1990), ''[[Thanedaar]]'' (1990), ''[[Maa (1992 Hindi film)|Maa]]'' (1991), ''[[Habba]]'' (1999), ''[[Shabdavedhi]]'' (2000), ''[[Devadoothan]]'' (2000), ''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]'' (2011), ''[[Ee Bandhana]]'' (2007) and ''[[Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna (2012 film)|Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna]]'' (2012). She won the [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Award]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]] for her performance in ''Sagara Sangamam''. She has also been awarded Filmfare [[Filmfare Special Award - South|Special Award]] for her performance in ''Siri Siri Muvva'' and ''Anthuleni Katha''.

She has been considered by many as the most beautiful faces to have ever graced Indian cinema including [[Satyajit Ray]] who called her "the most beautiful face on the Indian screen".<ref name="TheJaya">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/on-a-creative-high/article2076721.ece |title=On a creative high |newspaper=The Hindu |date=5 June 2011 |access-date=23 November 2018 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012030938/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/on-a-creative-high/article2076721.ece |url-status=live |last1=Anand |first1=Shilpa Nair}}</ref>

==Early life==
Jayaprada was born Lalitha Rani Rao in a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] family in [[Rajahmundry]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Her father, Krishna Rao, was a Telugu film financier. Her mother, Neelaveni, was a home-maker. Lalitha attended a [[Telugu language|Telugu]] medium school in Rajahmundry and was also enrolled in dance and music classes at an early age.

==Film career==
[[File:Raadhika and Jayaprada 62nd FF.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Jayaprada with actress Radhika at [[62nd Filmfare Awards South]].]]

When she was a teenager, she performed a dance at her school's annual function. A film director in the audience offered her a three-minute dance number in the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Bhoomi Kosam]]'' (1974). She was hesitant, but her family encouraged her to accept it. She was paid only 10 [[rupees]] for her work in the film, but the rushes of those three minutes of film were shown to the major figures of the Telugu film industry. Major filmmakers offered her starring roles in quality films, and she accepted them. Character actor , M.Prabhakar Reddy gave Jaya Prada her screen name and introduced her to the film industry in 1976 . ( Bharatpedia +1) She became a huge star in 1976 with major hit films. Director [[K. Balachander]]'s black-and-white film ''[[Anthuleni Katha]]'' (1976) showcased her dramatic skills; [[K. Viswanath]]'s colour film ''[[Siri Siri Muvva]]'' (1976) showed her playing a mute girl with excellent dancing skills; and her title role as [[Sita]] in the big-budget mythological film ''[[Seetha Kalyanam (1976 film)|Seetha Kalyanam]]'' (1976) confirmed her versatility. In 1977, she starred in ''[[Adavi Ramudu (1977 film)|Adavi Ramudu]]'', which broke box office records and which permanently cemented her star status.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051122103054/http://www.tollywoodinfo.com/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=61 Adavi Ramudu: 29 years passed but the magic still remains]. tollywoodinfo.com (28 April 1977).</ref> The song "Aaresukoboyi Paresukunnanu" performed by Prada and co-star [[N.T. Rama Rao]] (NTR) became a mass hit. Important filmmakers were casting her and repeating her in their films. Filmmaker [[Vijay Anand (Hindi film maker)|Vijay]] introduced her to [[Kannada]] cinema in his 1977 super-hit movie ''[[Sanaadi Appanna]]'' alongside [[Kannada]] matinee idol [[Dr. Rajkumar]]. The movie is also known to be the only movie to feature [[shehnai]] rendition by [[Ustad Bismillah Khan]]. She further acted with the Kannada matinee idol in super hits like ''[[Kaviratna Kalidasa]]'' in 1983 and ''[[Shabdavedhi]]'' in 2000.

In 1979, [[K. Balachander]] repeated her in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film ''[[Ninaithale Inikkum (1979 film)|Ninaithale Inikkum]]'' opposite [[Kamal Haasan]] and [[Rajinikanth]] in which she played a terminally-ill patient. She continued to act in more films in Telugu opposite actors such as NTR, [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao|ANR]], [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]], [[Krishnam Raju]] and [[Sobhan Babu]] throughout the 70s and 80s. She acted in highest number of films with [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] like ''Sri Rajeshwari vilas coffee club'' (1976), ''[[Bhale Krishnudu]]'' (1980), ''[[Ooruki Monagadu]]'' (1981), ''[[Mundadugu]]'' (1983), ''Prajarajyam'' (1983) and ''[[Singhasan]]'' (1986). [[K. Viswanath]] remade ''[[Siri Siri Muvva]]'' (1976) in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Sargam (1979 film)|Sargam]]'', introducing Jayaprada to [[Bollywood]] in 1979. The film was successful and she became a star there as well. She earned her first [[Filmfare]] nomination as [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] but couldn't capitalize on her success since she couldn't speak Hindi.<ref>[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071029/asp/entertainment/story_8480555.asp The Telegraph – Calcutta : Entertainment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526025004/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071029/asp/entertainment/story_8480555.asp |date=26 May 2011 }}. Telegraphindia.com (29 October 2007). Retrieved 29 June 2011.</ref>

In 1981, she starred in the critically acclaimed [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film ''[[47 Natkal]]'' and simultaneously made [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film ''[[47 Rojulu]]'' by filmmaker [[K. Balachander]] in which [[Chiranjeevi]] played her villainous, bigamist husband. After she took Hindi lessons, director [[K. Vishwanath]] relaunched her in Hindi films, with ''[[Kaamchor]]'' where she spoke Hindi fluently for the first time.<ref>[http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/jun/20slide4.htm Rediff.com: The best of Rakesh Roshan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414033326/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/jun/20slide4.htm |date=14 April 2009 }}. Specials.rediff.com (20 June 2006). Retrieved 19 April 2013.</ref> ''[[Saagara Sangamam]]'' directed by K. Vishwanath, starring [[Kamal Haasan]] proved to be a milestone in her career, winning her many accolades including [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Telugu]] in 1983. She was now able to consistently work in Hindi films, and earned two more [[Filmfare]] nominations as [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for playing [[Amitabh Bachchan]]'s endearing girlfriend in [[Prakash Mehra]]'s ''[[Sharaabi]]'' (1984) and for her challenging double role in K. Vishwanath's ''[[Sanjog (1985 film)|Sanjog]]'' (1985).

Jayaprada made a successful team not just with [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Jeetendra]], but also with her immediate screen rival [[Sridevi]], with whom she has acted in about a dozen films. Their hit Telugu film ''[[Devatha (1982 film)|Devatha]]'' (1982), where they played sisters who made huge sacrifices for each other, was remade into the hit [[Hindi]] film ''[[Tohfa]]'' (1984). These films endeared Jayaprada to the traditional conservative section of film goers and she amassed a huge female fan following as well. It was an image that would serve her well when she started a new career as a politician. In 1985, she acted in the Malayalam film ''[[Iniyum Kadha Thudarum]]'' directed by [[Joshi (director)|Joshiy]] starring [[Mammootty]], [[Baby Shalini]] and [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]].

[[File:Jaya Prada at the launch of T P Aggarwal's trade magazine 'Blockbuster' 13.jpg|thumb|Jayaprada at the launch of T P Aggarwal's trade magazine ''Blockbuster'']]
Jayaprada continued to act as a heroine mainly opposite Amitabh and Jeetendra during the early 1990s. She also acted in some significant Kannada films as the heroine. From 1994 onwards, she cut back on film assignments and got more involved with a political career on call by her co-star NTR.

In 2000, she acted in the Malayalam film ''[[Devadoothan]]'', starring [[Mohanlal]], directed by [[Sibi Malayil]]. The film garnered immensely popular reviews from the critics but failed at the box office. But it met with great appreciation from the audience when released in Home Media and when aired on television. his movie had evergreen hit songs. She also starred for the last time, opposite Kannada super star [[Dr. Rajkumar]] in Shabdavedi. In 2002, she stepped into the Marathi film industry by being a guest in the movie ''Aadhaar''.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Jaya-Prada-forays-into-Marathi-films/articleshow/13896947.cms "Jaya Prada forays into Marathi films"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220200/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-05-24/news-interviews/27112058_1_jaya-prada-marathi-cinema-south-indian |date=4 October 2013 }}, Indiatimes.com, 24 May 2002</ref> Thus far, she has acted in eight languages and has completed 300 films during a 30-year film career. In 2004, she acted in ''[[Ee Snehatheerathu]]'', a Malayalam film as [[Kunchacko Boban]]'s mother. She started playing mature roles.

She also owns the Jayaprada Theater in Chennai.<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/news/gossip/moregossip1.html "Jaya Prada in troubled waters"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060906124830/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/gossip/moregossip1.html |date=6 September 2006 }}, Idlebrain.com, 4 September 2003</ref>

In 2011, she returned to Malayalam cinema with a strong role in ''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]'', alongside [[Mohanlal]] and [[Anupam Kher]]. She played "Grace" in this film, which won her critical acclaim and several awards.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Salam |first1=Ziya Us |title=Grace keeps pace |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/grace-keeps-pace/article3218123.ece |access-date=25 December 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=12 May 2006 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012030938/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/grace-keeps-pace/article3218123.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> Her 2012 Kannada film ''[[Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna (2012 film)|Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna]]'' that saw her donning the historical role of courageous [[Kittur Chennamma]], completed 100 days at the box office.

==Personal life==
On 22 February 1986, she married producer Srikanth Nahata, who was already married to Chandra and had two children.<ref name="A dream come true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20050227183117/http://filmchamber.com/tmpl.asp?it=wrjaya A dream come true]. FilmChamber.</ref> This marriage stirred a lot of controversy, especially since Nahata did not divorce his wife and had a child with his first wife after marrying Jayaprada.<ref name="A dream come true"/>

==Political career==
Jayaprada joined the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) in 1994 at the invitation of its founder [[N. T. Rama Rao]], on the eve of the assembly elections, and rose quickly through the ranks. At that time there was speculation that she would run for election, but she preferred not to make her electoral debut, although she was offered a seat by Rao.

She campaigned in several constituencies in 1994.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/election/1999/aug/20jaya.htm Rediff On The NeT: Jaya Prada faces her first big test] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923140735/http://www.rediff.com/election/1999/aug/20jaya.htm |date=23 September 2012 }}. Rediff.com (20 August 1999). Retrieved 19 April 2013.</ref> When Rao became the Chief minister in 1994, he appointed one of his sons-in-law Nara Chandrababu Naidu as the Revenue Minister. After Lakshmi Parvati, wife of NTR started interfering in politics several TDP leaders revolted against NTR. When all TDP leaders have met in Viceroy hotel, NTR went to convince them along with Lakshmi Parvati, which ended up TDP leaders throwing slippers on Lakshmi Parvati and NTR went between, followed by No Confidence Motion NTR was thrown out of power.
Since most of the legislators had gone over to his side, the Anti Defection Law did not apply and the Telugu Desam Party label passed on to the Chandrababu Naidu side. During this period, Prada too joined the Chandrababu Naidu party. She was nominated to the Rajya Sabha representing Andhra Pradesh in 1996. She also held the post of [[Telugu Mahila]] President.

Following differences with party Supremo N. Chandrababu Naidu, she left the TDP to join [[Samajwadi Party]]. She contested from Rampur parliamentary Constituency in UP during the 2004 General election and got elected with a margin of more than 85000 votes. During her campaign for the [[2009 Indian general election|Lok Sabha elections]] in 2009, she was issued a notice by the Election Commission for violating the code of conduct by distributing [[Bindi (decoration)|bindis]] to women in Rampur's Swar locality.<ref>[http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?a=je1mueecigj&title=Jayaprada_issued_notice_for_violating_poll_code&?vsv=TopHP1 Jayaprada issued notice for violating poll code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710122413/http://www.sify.com/news/fullstory.php?a=je1mueecigj&title=Jayaprada_issued_notice_for_violating_poll_code&%3fvsv=TopHP1 |date=10 July 2017 }}. Sify.com (27 April 2009). Retrieved 19 April 2013.</ref> On 11 May 2009, Jayaprada alleged that senior [[Samajwadi Party]] leader [[Azam Khan (politician)|Azam Khan]] was distributing nude pictures of her.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-05-11 |title=Azam circulating nude posters of mine: Jaya |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/azam-circulating-nude-posters-of-mine-jaya/92312-37.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005243/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/azam-circulating-nude-posters-of-mine-jaya/92312-37.html |archive-date=28 May 2014 |access-date=2025-07-26 |work=IBNLive |url-status=dead }}</ref> She was re-elected with a margin of more than 30,000 votes.{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}}

After she came out in open support of the former General Secretary of the Samajwadi Party, [[Amar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Amar Singh]], Prada was expelled from the party on 2 February 2010 for allegedly indulging in anti-party activities and damaging the party's secular image.<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/2010/02/03/stories/2010020356440100.htm Front Page : Amar Singh, Jayaprada expelled from SP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920091406/http://www.hindu.com/2010/02/03/stories/2010020356440100.htm |date=20 September 2011 }}. The Hindu (3 February 2010). Retrieved 29 June 2011.</ref> Amar Singh, along with Jayaprada floated his own political party, Rashtriya Lok Manch, in 2011, and fielded candidates in 360 of the 403 seats in Uttar Pradesh in the 2012 assembly polls. However, his party did not win a single seat in these elections. Later she, along with Amar Singh joined the [[Rashtriya Lok Dal|RLD]] on 10 March 2014<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/2014-ls-polls-amar-singh-jaya-prada-join-rashtriya-lok-dal_916944.html |title=2014 LS polls: Amar Singh, Jaya Prada join Rashtriya Lok Dal |date=10 March 2014 |access-date=26 March 2014 |archive-date=18 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518174938/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/2014-ls-polls-amar-singh-jaya-prada-join-rashtriya-lok-dal_916944.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and after that she got the ticket to contest from the [[Bijnor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bijnor]] seat in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/highlights/story/amar-singh-jaya-prada-join-ajit-singhs-rld-184323-2014-03-10 |title=Ajit Singh gives RLD tickets to Amar Singh, Jaya Prada from UP |date=10 March 2014 |access-date=26 March 2014 |archive-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327064327/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/amar-singh-jaya-prada-join-ajit-singhs-rld/1/347637.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rld-gives-ticket-to-amar-singh-jaya-prada/article5773812.ece |title=RLD gives ticket to Amar Singh, Jaya Prada |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=11 March 2014 |access-date=26 March 2014 |archive-date=11 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311195200/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rld-gives-ticket-to-amar-singh-jaya-prada/article5773812.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> She, however, lost the election.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS244.htm |title=General Election To Lok Sabha Trends & Result 2014, Uttar Pradesh – Bijnor |publisher=Election Commission Of India |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517135216/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS244.htm?ac=4 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/elections/news/Mixed-Luck-for-Film-Stars-at-LS-Polls/2014/05/16/article2228664.ece |title=Mixed Luck for Film Stars at LS Polls |work=The New Indian Express |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=17 May 2014 |archive-date=28 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528125944/http://www.newindianexpress.com/elections/news/Mixed-Luck-for-Film-Stars-at-LS-Polls/2014/05/16/article2228664.ece |url-status=dead}}</ref>

She joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the presence of National General Secretary [[Bhupender Yadav]] on 26 March 2019.<ref name="newsnation.in">{{cite web |url=https://www.newsnation.in/election/lok-sabha-election-2019/jaya-prada-joins-bjp-samajwadi-party-bollywood-actor-article-218325.html |title=Jaya Prada, veteran Bollywood actor and Samajwadi Party leader, joins BJP |publisher=newsnation.in |date=26 March 2019 |access-date=26 March 2019 |archive-date=26 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326075634/https://www.newsnation.in/election/lok-sabha-election-2019/jaya-prada-joins-bjp-samajwadi-party-bollywood-actor-article-218325.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2025, the Moradabad MP-MLA Court issued a non-bailable warrant against her in connection with a case involving senior Samajwadi Party leader Azam Khan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-21 |title=Jaya Prada Faces Non-Bailable Warrant from Moradabad Court - Filmibeat |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/videos/jaya-prada-non-bailable-warrant-issued-moradabad-court-011-276816.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.filmibeat.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Artistry and legacy==
[[File:Jayaprada 62nd Filmfare Awards South (cropped).jpg|thumb|Jaya Prada in 2015]]

Jayaprada is regarded as one of the greatest and extremely beautiful actresses of [[Indian cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Heroines who ruled a million hearts in the '80s and earlier 90s|work=Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/heroines-who-ruled-million-hearts-in-the-80s-2881459/lite/ |url-status=live |access-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628234730/https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/heroines-who-ruled-million-hearts-in-the-80s-2881459/lite/ |archive-date=28 June 2016}}</ref> Indian director [[Satyajit Ray]] described her as one of the prettiest women in the world.<ref>[http://www.smashits.com/news/bollywood/movie-talk/4925/mahima-small-is-beautiful-too.html – Mahima: Small Is Beautiful Too – Bollywood Hindi Tamil Telugu Indian Music Videos and News] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214060929/http://www.smashits.com/news/bollywood/movie-talk/4925/mahima-small-is-beautiful-too.html |date=14 February 2009 }}. Smashits.com (14 October 2005). Retrieved 19 April 2013.</ref> Although she has acted in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] films, she has never worked for Ray. (She claimed that Ray had her in mind for a film, but his illness and subsequent death prevented their collaboration).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071113004151/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Nov112007/enter2007111035004.asp A woman of today]. Deccan Herald (11 November 2007).</ref> In 2022, she was placed in ''[[Outlook India]]''{{'}}s "75 Best Bollywood Actresses" list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=75 Bollywood Actresses Who Ruled The Silver Screen With Grace, Beauty And Talent |work=Outlook India |date=16 August 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/75-bollywood-actresses-who-ruled-the-silver-screen-with-grace-beauty-and-talent-news-216694/amp |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816142138/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/75-bollywood-actresses-who-ruled-the-silver-screen-with-grace-beauty-and-talent-news-216694/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the highest paid actress of 1980s and 1990s, both in Hindi and Telugu films, Jayaprada appeared in ''[[Box Office India]]''{{'}}s "Top Actresses" list 10 times from 1984 to 1993 and topped of the list 3 times ranked first thrice (1984to1986).<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Actresses |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104144753/http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress |archive-date=4 January 2012 |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=Box Office India}}</ref>

Writing for ''[[Filmfare]]'', Devesh Sharma termed her as one of the "top commercial great actresses" of her era.<ref>{{Cite web |title=As good as it gets! |work=Filmfare |access-date=28 September 2021 |url=https://m.filmfare.com/features/as-good-as-it-gets-9610.amp |archive-date=24 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624142138/https://m.filmfare.com/features/as-good-as-it-gets-9610.amp |url-status=live }}</ref> On her Hindi debut he added, "Jaya Prada became an overnight sensation after the release of ''Sargam''. Her classical beauty got compared to Ajanta statues and nymph of heaven. She bedazzled the Hindi film audience with her classical-based dances."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Debut hits of top heroines down the years |work=Filmfare |access-date=16 November 2022 |url=https://m.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-debut-hits-of-top-heroines-down-the-years-40141.amp |archive-date=11 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411142138/https://m.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-debut-hits-of-top-heroines-down-the-years-40141.amp |url-status=live }}</ref> Neeraja Murthy of ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted, "For over four decades, Jaya Prada has been the quintessential {{as written|glamo|urous [sic]}} greatest megastar setting hearts aflutter on screen."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jaya Prada in a new avatar |work=The Hindu |date=27 July 2023 |access-date=13 August 2023 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/jaya-prada-in-a-new-avatar/article67101273.ece/ |archive-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727142138/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/jaya-prada-in-a-new-avatar/article67101273.ece/amp/ |url-status=live |last1=Murthy |first1=Neeraja }}</ref> Nibandh Vinod of ''[[News18]]'' noted, "Jaya Prada, ruled the industry with her charm, graceful dance skills and nuanced acting chops."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaya Prada Special: Top 5 movies of the actress with Amitabh Bachchan |work=News18 India |date=3 April 2023 |access-date=12 August 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/jaya-prada-birthday-top-5-movies-of-the-actress-with-amitabh-bachchan-7439707.html |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410142138/https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/jaya-prada-birthday-top-5-movies-of-the-actress-with-amitabh-bachchan-7439707.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Filmmaker Satyajit Ray called Jayaprada as "the most beautiful face on the Indian screen".<ref name="TheJaya" /> In the 2019 biopic film ''[[NTR: Kathanayakudu]]'', actress [[Hansika Motwani]] portrayed Jaya Prada onscreen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manoj Kumar R. |date=2019-01-09 |title=NTR Kathanayakudu movie review: Tribute to the legend of NT Rama Rao |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/ntr-kathanayakudu-movie-review-nandamuri-balakrishna-vidya-balan-5530474/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129073651/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/ntr-kathanayakudu-movie-review-nandamuri-balakrishna-vidya-balan-5530474/ |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|-
! Year !! Title !!Role!! Language
|-
| 1974 || ''[[Bhoomi Kosam]]'' || Chelli Chandramma|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|-
| 1975 || ''Naaku Swatantram Vachindi'' || || Telugu
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1976 || ''[[Manmadha Leelai (1976 film)|Manmatha Leelai]]'' || Kannagi|| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
| ''[[Anthuleni Katha]]'' || Sarita|| Telugu
|-
| ''Sri Rajeswari Vilas Coffee Club'' || Rajeswari|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Siri Siri Muvva]]''
|| Hyma|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Seeta Kalyanam (1976 film)|Seeta Kalyanam]]'' || [[Sita|Seeta]] and [[Goddess Lakshmi]]|| Telugu
|-
| ''Prema Bandham'' || || Telugu
|-
| ''Mangalyaniki Maromudi'' || || Telugu
|-
| rowspan="14" | 1977 || ''Bhadrakali'' || Gayathri|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Adavi Ramudu (1977 film)|Adavi Ramudu]]'' || Padma|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Seetha Rama Vanavasam]]''
| Sita
|Telugu
|-
| ''[[Kurukshetram (1977 film)|Kurukshetram]]'' || [[Uttara (Mahabharata)|Uttara]]|| Telugu
|-
| ''Andame Aanandam'' || Padma|| Telugu
|-
| ''Eenati Bandham Enatido'' || || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Chanakya Chandragupta]]'' || Aasa || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Yamagola]]'' || Savithri|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Sanaadi Appanna]]'' || Basanti|| [[Kannada]]
|-
| ''Eetharam Manishi'' || || Telugu
|-
| ''Jeevitha Nauka'' || || Telugu
|-
|''Dongalaku Donga''
|Sunitha
|Telugu
|-
| ''[[Maa Iddari Katha]]'' || Seeta || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Chakradhari (1977 film)| Chakradhari]]'' || Manju || Telugu
|-
| rowspan="10" |1978
| ''Nayudu Bava'' || Malli|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Athani Kante Ghanudu]]'' || || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Agent Gopi]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agent Gopi (1978) |url=https://indiancine.ma/STH |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>|| Latha|| Telugu
|-
| ''Dongala Veta'' || || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Rama Krishnulu]]'' || Jaya|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Devadasu Malli Puttadu]]'' || Shanthi|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Melu Kolupu]]'' || Susheela|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Rajaputra Rahasyam]]'' || Priyadarshini|| Telugu
|-
| ''Radhakrishna'' || Radha|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Kumara Raja (1978 film)| Kumara Raja]]'' || || Telugu
|-
| rowspan="10" | 1979 || ''[[Sargam (1979 film)|Sargam]]'' || Hema Pradhan|| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|-
| ''[[Huliya Haalina Mevu]]'' ||Poovi|| Kannada
|-
| ''[[Ninaithale Inikkum (1979 film)|Ninaithale Inikkum]]'' ||Sona|| Tamil
|-
| ''[[Andamaina Anubhavam]]'' ||Sona|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Lok Parlok]]'' ||Savithri|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Rangoon Rowdy]]'' || Indu/Rajani|| Telugu
|-
|''Dongalaku Saval''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dongalaku Saval (1979) |url=https://indiancine.ma/TSZ/info |access-date=10 May 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Rekha
|Telugu
|-
| ''[[Kotta Alludu]]'' || || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Sri Tirupati Venkateswara Kalyanam]]'' || Goddess Padmavati|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Mande Gundelu]]''|| || Telugu
|-
| rowspan="15" | 1980 || ''[[Challenge Ramudu]]'' || Aruna|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Bhale Krishnudu]]'' || Ratti|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Superman (1980 film)|Superman]]'' || Jaya|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Buchchi Babu]]'' ||Buchi|| Telugu
|-
| ''Bandodu Gundamma'' || || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Takkar (1980 film)|Takkar]]'' ||Ganga|| Hindi
|-
| ''Allari Bava'' || || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Sita Ramulu]]'' || Sita|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Circus Ramudu]]'' || || Telugu
|-
| ''Chandipriya'' || Chandipriya|| Telugu
|-
|''[[Ragile Hrudayalu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ragile Hrudayalu (1980) |url=https://indiancine.ma/VDA |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Seethalu
|Telugu
|-
| ''Chesina Baasalu'' || || Telugu
|-
| ''Dharm Chakram'' || || Telugu
|-
| ''Sannaayi Appanna'' || || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Kottapeta Rowdy]]'' || Radha || Telugu
|-
| rowspan="12" | 1981 || ''[[Srivari Muchatlu]]'' || Radha|| Telugu
|-
| ''Taxi Driver'' || Rani/Jaya|| Telugu
|-
| ''Rahasya Goodachari'' || || Telugu
|-
| ''[[47 Natkal]]'' ||Vaishali|| Tamil
|-
| ''[[47 Rojulu]]'' ||Vaishali|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Ooruki Monagadu]]''||Rekha|| Telugu
|-
| ''Jatagadu''|| ||Telugu
|-
| ''[[Ragile Jwala]]''|| Vani|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Agni Poolu (film)|Agni Poolu]]''|| Rukmini|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Prema Mandiram]]''|| Madhura Ranjani|| Telugu
|-
| ''Girija Kalyanam''|| Girija|| Telugu
|-
| ''Deepaaraadhana''|| || Telugu
|-
| rowspan="14" | 1982 || ''[[Madhura Swapnam]]''|| || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Kaamchor]]''||Geeta Sanghvi|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Baawri]]'' || Gayatri|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Talli Kodukula Anubandham]]''|| || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Pagabattina Simham]]''|| || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Meghasandesam]]''||Padma|| Telugu
|-
|''[[Jagannatha Rathachakralu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagannatha Radhachakralu 1982 Telugu Movie Cast Crew,Actors,Director, Jagannatha Radhachakralu Producer,Banner,Music Director,Singers & Lyricists |url=https://moviegq.com/movie/jagannatha-radhachakralu-3774/cast-crew |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=MovieGQ |language=en}}</ref>
|Radha
|Telugu
|-
| ''[[Dil-e-Nadaan]]''||Asha|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Swayamvaram (1982 film)|Swayamvaram]]''|| || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Nivuru Gappina Nippu]]''|| Rekha || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Devata (1982 film)|Devata]]''|| Janaki|| Telugu
|-
| ''Krishnarjunulu''|| || Telugu
|-
|''[[Pralaya Rudrudu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pralaya Rudrudu (1982) |url=https://indiancine.ma/WYA |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Jaya
|Telugu
|-
|''[[Golconda Abbulu]]''|| || Telugu
|-
| rowspan="12" | 1983 || ''[[Sagara Sangamam]]''|| Madhavi|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Nijam Chepithe Nerama]]''|| Rajani|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Qayamat (1983 film)|Qayamat]]''||Geeta|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Mawaali]]''||Nisha Verma|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Mundadugu]]''||Padma|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Kaviratna Kalidasa]]''|| Vidyadhare and Shakuntala|| Kannada
|-
| ''[[Adavi Simhalu]]''|| Lalita|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Puli Bebbuli]]''|| Sita|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Siripuram Monagadu]]''|| || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Amarajeevi (1983 film)|Amarajeevi]]''|| Lalita|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Main Awara Hoon]]''|| Bela|| Hindi
|-
| ''Praja Rajyam''|| || Telugu
|-
| rowspan="15" |1984
|''Sardar''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sardar (1984) |url=https://indiancine.ma/ZDL |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Vijaya
|Telugu
|-
| ''[[Tohfa]]''|| Janki|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Tandava Krishnudu]]''|| Vani|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Dharm Aur Qanoon]]''|| Shanta|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Yuddham (1984 film)|Yuddham]]''|| || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Mera Faisla]]''|| Nisha Dhawan|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Sharaabi]]''|| Meena|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Maqsad]]''|| Rani|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Naya Kadam]]''|| Bijlee|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Haisiyat]]''|| Sita|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Awaaz]]''|| Anu|| Hindi
|-
|''Bangaru Kapuram''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangaru Kapuram (1984) |url=https://indiancine.ma/YKF/info |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Jaya
|Telugu
|-
| ''[[Sampoorna Premayanam]]''|| Prema|| Telugu
|-
| ''Sangeeta Samrat''|| Radha|| Telugu
|-
|''[[Nayakulaku Saval]]''
|Chaithanya
|Telugu
|-
| rowspan="11" | 1985 || ''[[Pataal Bhairavi]]''|| Rajkumari Indumati Singh|| Hindi
|-
| ''Maha Sangramam''|| || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Maha Manishi]]''|| || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Surya Chandra]]''|| Pooja|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Sanjog (1985 film)|Sanjog]]''|| Yashoda & Asha|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Hoshiyar]]''||Radha|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Zabardast]]''||Mala Saigal|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Iniyum Katha Thudarum]]''|| Nimmi|| [[Malayalam]]
|-
| ''[[Haqeeqat (1985 film)|Haqeeqat]]''|| Bharti|| Hindi
|-
| ''Sur Sangam''|| || Hindi
|-
| ''[[Mera Saathi]]''|| Raagini|| Hindi
|-
| rowspan="11" | 1986 || ''[[Krishna Garadi]]''|| || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Tandra Paparayudu (film)|Tandra Paparayudu]]''|| Jyothirmai|| Telugu
|-
| ''Singhasan''|| Alaknanda Devi|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Simhasanam (1986 film)|Simhasanam]]''|| Alaknanda Devi|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Veta (1986 film)|Veta]]''|| || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Aakhree Raasta]]''|| Mary D'Costa|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Swarag Se Sunder]]''|| Laxmi Choudhary|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Muddat (1986 film)|Muddat]]''|| Bharti|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Pyaar Ke Do Pal]]''|| Geeta|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Aisa Pyaar Kahan]]''|| Sarita|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Ugra Narasimham]]''|| Jyothi|| Telugu
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1987 || ''[[Aulad (1987 film)|Aulad]]''|| Yashoda|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Majaal]]''|| Sandhya|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Thene Manasulu (1987 film)|Thene Manasulu]]''|| Rukmini|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Viswanatha Nayakudu]]''|| Kalavati|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Insaaf Kaun Karega]]''|| Sitara Devi|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Sindoor (film)|Sindoor]]''|| Laxmi|| Hindi
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1988 || ''[[Mardon Wali Baat]]''|| Asha|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Samsaram (1988 film)|Samsaram]]''|| Padmavathi|| Telugu
|-
|''Rocky''
|
|Telugu
|-
| ''[[Ganga Tere Desh Mein]]''|| Dr.Asha|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Gangaa Jamunaa Saraswati]]''|| Saraswati|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Ghar Ghar Ki Kahani (1988 film)|Ghar Ghar Ki Kahani]]''|| Sita|| Hindi
|-
| ''Kaliyuga Karnudu''|| Lakshmi|| Telugu
|-
| rowspan="10" | 1989 || ''[[Jaadugar (1989 film)|Jaadugar]]''|| Meena|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Main Tera Dushman]]''|| Jaya|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Souten Ki Beti]]''|| Rukmini|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Elaan-E-Jung]]''|| Reema|| Hindi
|-
| ''Atha Mechina Alludu''|| Jaya|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Kanoon Ki Awaaz]]''|| Janki Rai|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Paraya Ghar]]''|| || Hindi
|-
| ''[[Hum Bhi Insaan Hain (1989 film)|Hum Bhi Insaan Hain]]''|| Radha|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Gharana (1989 film)|Gharana]]''|| Naina|| Hindi
|-
| ''Sumangali''|| || Telugu
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1990 || ''[[Majboor (1990 film)|Majboor]]''|| Sharda|| Hindi
|-
| ''Zakhmi Zameen''|| Radha|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Aaj Ka Arjun]]''|| Gauri|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Thanedaar]]''|| Sudha|| Hindi
|-
| ''Ekalavya''|| || Kannada
|-
| ''[[Nyay Anyay]]''|| Rama Khanna|| Hindi
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1991 || ''[[Indrajeet]]''|| Shanti Devi|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Veerta]]''|| Shalu|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Farishtay]]''|| Special appearance|| Hindi
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1992 || ''[[Maa (1992 Hindi film)|Maa]]''|| Mamta|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Tyagi (film)|Tyagi]]''|| Mrs. Parvati Dayal|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Aathma Bandhana]]''|| Shanti|| Kannada
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1993 || ''[[Insaniyat Ke Devta]]''|| || Hindi
|-
| ''[[Manikantana Mahime]]''|| Kamala|| Kannada
|-
| ''[[Ezhai Jaathi]]''|| Thilakavathi || Tamil
|-
|''[[Kundan (1993 film)|Kundan]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kundan (1993) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/-7519/cast-crew |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref>
|Jyothi
|Hindi
|-
| ''[[Dhartiputra]]''|| || Hindi
|-
| ''[[Khal-Naaikaa]]''|| Jaya Ravi Kapoor|| Hindi
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1994 || ''[[Insaniyat (1994 film)|Insaniyat]]''|| Shalu / Champabai || Hindi
|-
| ''Jeevitha Khaidi''|| Bhargavi|| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Chauraha]]''|| Pooja|| Hindi
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1995 || ''[[Himapatha]]''||Nayana|| Kannada
|-
| ''[[Paappi Devataa]]''||Rosie|| Hindi
|-
| 1996 || ''Pellala Rajyam'' || Parvati|| Telugu
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1997 || ''[[Jeevan Yudh]]''|| Rani|| Hindi
|-
| ''Prema Geethe''|| Radha|| Kannada
|-
| ''[[Lav Kush]]''|| [[Sita|Seeta]]|| Hindi
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Aami Sei Meye]]'' || ||[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |1999
| ''[[Velugu Needalu (1999 film)|Velugu Needalu]]''
|
|Telugu
|-
|''[[Lohpurush]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lohpurush - Movie - - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=2463 |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>
|Aarti
|Hindi
|-
| ''[[Habba]]'' || Vishnu's Wife|| Kannada
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2000 || ''[[Devadoothan]]'' || Angelina Ignatious / Aleena|| Malayalam
|-
| ''Aadhar'' || || [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|-
| ''[[Shabdavedhi (film)|Shabdavedhi]]'' || Vatsala|| Kannada
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Chandravamsam]]'' || Dharma Raju's wife || Telugu
|-
| 2003 || ''Sri Renukadevi'' || Jogamma|| Kannada
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2004 || ''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]'' ||Jaya Srivastav|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Ee Snehatheerathu]]''|| Lakshmi||Malayalam
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Tathastu]]'' ||Dr. Nita|| Hindi
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2007 || ''[[Ee Bandhana]]'' || Nandini|| Kannada
|-
| ''[[Maharathi (2007 film)|Maharathi]]'' ||Chamundeshwari|| Telugu
|-
| ''Deha'' ||Sandhya Joshi/Sandhya Desai|| Hindi
|-
|2008 || ''[[Dasavathaaram]]'' || Ranjitha Kaur|| Tamil
|-

| rowspan="2" | 2009 || ''Sesh Sangat'' || || Bengali
|-
| ''[[Raaj The Showman]]'' || Cameo|| Kannada
|-
| 2010 || ''[[The Desire (2010 film)|The Desire]]'' ||Gautmi's mother|| Hindi-English [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]]
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]'' || Grace|| Malayalam
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna (2012 film)|Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna]]'' || [[Kittur Chennamma]]|| Kannada
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Rajjo]]'' ||Janki Devi|| Hindi
|-
| rowspan='3' |2018|| ''[[Kinar (film)|Kinar]]'' || rowspan="2" |Indira|| Malayalam
|-
| ''[[Kinar (film)|Keni]]'' || Tamil
|-
| ''Sarabha'' ||Parvathamma|| Telugu
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Suvarna Sundari (2023 film)|Suvarna Sundari]]'' || ||Telugu
|-
|2023||''[[Ramachandra Boss & Co]]''||Salma Ram|| Malayalam
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref(s).
|-
|
|''Jayapradam''
|Host
|
|
|-
|2018
|''Perfect Pati''
|Rajyashri Rathore
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2018 |title=Veteran actress Jaya Prada hopes to redefine Indian TV's 'saas' with debut show 'Perfect Pati' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-veteran-actress-jaya-prada-hopes-to-redefine-indian-tv-s-saas-with-debut-show-perfect-pati-2654141 |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=[[DNA India]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''The Kapil Sharma Show season 2''
|Herself as guest along with [[Raj Babbar]] and team for Punjabi movie promotion
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U25mg4WyqC4 |title=The Kapil Sharma Show Season 2 -Laughter Riot with Raj Babbar-Ep 176-Full Episode-17th January, 2021 |date=19 January 2021 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''Indian Idol''
|Herself
|
|<ref>{{cite web |date=11 August 2021 |title=Indian Idol 12: 12-hour long grand finale on August 15 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/indian-idol-12-heres-all-that-you-need-to-know-about-the-12-hour-long-grand-finale-on-august-15/articleshow/85231542.cms |access-date=12 August 2021 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2022
|''[[Sasural Simar Ka 2]]''
|rowspan="2"|Herself
|Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=IANS |date=10 March 2022 |title=Jaya Prada on making a TV cameo in 'Sasural Simar Ka 2' |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/jaya-prada-on-making-a-tv-cameo-in-sasural-simar-ka-2-23217798 |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Hunarbaaz: Desh Ki Shaan]]''
|Guest appearance
|
|-
|2023
|''Drama Juniors 4 Telugu''
|Herself as judge
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zee5.com/global/tv-shows/details/drama-juniors-season-6/0-6-4z5375747/legendary-actors-judge-the-mega-auditions/0-1-6z5377323 |title=Watch Drama Juniors Season 6 TV Serial 11th June 2023 Full Episode 1 Online on ZEE5}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards and nominations ==

;[[Nandi Awards]]
* [[Nandi Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] – ''[[Anthuleni Katha]]'' (1976)
* [[Nandi Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] – ''[[Meghasandesam]]'' (1982)

;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
* [[Filmfare Special Award - South|Special Award]] – ''[[Siri Siri Muvva]]'' & ''[[Anthuleni Katha]]'' (1976) <ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8kQAQAAMAAJ&q=gummidi |title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who |year=1979 |access-date=8 September 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012030939/https://books.google.com/books?id=w8kQAQAAMAAJ&dq=editions:s7JYM5Ah__kC&q=gummidi&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]] – ''[[Saagara Sangamam]]'' (1983)
* [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South|Lifetime Achievement Award – South]] (2007)<ref>[http://www.totaltollywood.com/news/Happy-Days-makes-a-sweep-at-Filmfare_2333.html Happy Days makes a sweep at Filmfare – Latest News in Telugu Movies] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080818090045/http://totaltollywood.com/news/Happy-Days-makes-a-sweep-at-Filmfare_2333.html |date=18 August 2008 }}. Totaltollywood.com (13 July 2008). Retrieved 29 June 2011.</ref>[[File:JayaPrada.jpg|thumb|JayaPrada was given [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award (South)]] in 2007.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bollyspice.com/view.php/1411-happy-days-at-the-55th-tiger-balm-filmfare-south-awards.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708082036/http://bollyspice.com/view.php/1411-happy-days-at-the-55th-tiger-balm-filmfare-south-awards.html|archive-date=8 July 2011|title=Happy Days at the 55th Tiger Balm Filmfare South Awards|work=bollyspice.com|url-status=dead}}</ref>

;[[Filmfare Awards]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:70%;"
|-
! width=5%| Year
! style="width:35%;"| Artist/Work
! style="width:25%;"| Category
! style="width:20%;"| Language
! style="width:15%;"| Outcome
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |1979
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Sargam (1979 film)|Sargam]]''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |Hindi
| {{Nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |1984
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Sharaabi]]''
| {{Nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |1985
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Sanjog (1985 film)|Sanjog]]''
| {{Nom}}
|}

===Filmfare Awards South===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:70%;"
|-
! width=5%| Year
! style="width:35%;"| Artist/Work
! style="width:25%;"| Category
! style="width:20%;"| Language
! style="width:15%;"| Outcome
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |1976
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Anthuleni Katha]]''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Telugu|Best Actress]]
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |Telugu
| {{Nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Siri Siri Muvva]]''
| {{Nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Anthuleni Katha]]'',''[[Siri Siri Muvva]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Filmfare Special Award - South|Special Jury Award]]<ref name="books.google.com"/>
| {{Won}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |1979
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Ninaithale Inikkum (1979 film)|Ninaithale Inikkum]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress]]
| style="text-align:center;" |Tamil
| {{Nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |1980
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Chandipriya]]''
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress]]
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |Telugu
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |1981
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[47 Rojulu]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |1982
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Meghasandesam]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |1983
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Sagara Sangamam]]''
| {{Won}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |1984
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Sampoorna Premayanam]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |2000
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Devadoothan]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam|Best Actress]]
| style="text-align:center;" |Malayalam
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |2007
| style="text-align:center;" |Overall Contribution to Telugu Film Industry
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South|Lifetime Achievement Award]]
| style="text-align:center;" |Telugu
| {{Won}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |2011
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Malayalam|Best Actress]]
| style="text-align:center;" |Malayalam
| {{Nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |2012
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna (2012 film)|Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Kannada|Best Supporting Actress]]
| style="text-align:center;" |Kannada
| {{nom}}
|}

;Other awards
* Uttam Kumar Award<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060114222742/http://rajyasabha.nic.in/kiosk/rsfinal3/whoswho/alpha_n2.htm Nahata, Shrimati Jayaprada]. rajyasabha.nic.in</ref>
* ANR Achievement Award (2008)<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-3519022,prtpage-1.cms 'You need spirit to survive in politics'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012030943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/You-need-spirit-to-survive-in-politics/articleshow/3519022.cms |date=12 October 2020 }}. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (24 September 2008). Retrieved 29 June 2011.</ref>
* Venus of Indian Cinema Award from TSR TV9 Film Awards (2011)<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Jaya-Prada-honoured/articleshow/8006482.cms Jaya Prada honoured]. ''The Times of India''. (18 April 2011). Retrieved 29 June 2011.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Jaya Prada}}
* {{IMDb name|0419685}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|jaya-prada}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Noor Bano (politician)|Noor Bano]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Rampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rampur]] |years=2004–2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Naipal Singh|Dr. Nepal Singh]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-par|in-upr}}
{{s-bef|before=N/A}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Rajya Sabha]] [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] |years=1996–2002}}
{{s-aft|after=N/A}}
{{s-end}}

{{FilmfareTeluguBestActress}}

{{FilmfareLifetimeAchievementAwardSouth}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prada, Jaya}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Lok Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses from Rajahmundry]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Women in Andhra Pradesh politics]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Telugu actresses]]

Ronald Arculli

2026-03-24T06:08:12Z

KINGRON: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|Hong Kong barrister, solicitor, and politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Hong Kong English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific_prefix=[[The Honourable]]
|name=Ronald J. Arculli
|native_name = {{nobold|夏佳理}}
|honorific_suffix=[[Grand Bauhinia Medal|GBM]], [[Gold Bauhinia Star|GBS]], [[Commander of the Royal Victorian Order|CVO]], [[Order of British Empire|OBE]], [[Justice of the Peace|JP]]
|image=Ronald Arculli 20230430.jpg
|caption=Arculli attending the trophy presentation ceremony of the [[Champions Mile]] at the [[Sha Tin Racecourse]] on 30 April 2023
|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1939|1|2}}
|birth_place=Hong Kong
|office=[[List of Convenor of the Non-Official Members of the Executive Council of Hong Kong|3rd Convenor of the Non-Official Members of the]] [[Executive Council of Hong Kong|Executive Council]]
|appointer=[[Donald Tsang]]
|term_start=3 October 2011
|term_end=30 June 2012
|predecessor=[[Leung Chun-ying]]
|successor=[[Lam Woon-kwong]]
| office1= Member of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong|Legislative Council]]
|predecessor2= ''New constituency''
| successor2= [[Abraham Razack]]
| term_start1= 12 October 1988
| term_end1= 22 August 1991
| appointer1=[[David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn|David Wilson]]
| term_start2= 9 October 1991
| term_end2= 30 June 2000
| constituency2= [[Real Estate and Construction (constituency)|Real Estate and Construction]]
|alma_mater=[[St. Joseph's College, Hong Kong|St. Joseph's College]] [[Lincoln's Inn]]
|occupation=Solicitor
|party=[[Liberal Party (Hong Kong)|Liberal Party]] {{small|(1993–2000)}}
|spouse = Johanna Klara
|children = 4
|blank1=Honorary Degrees
|data1=[[Doctor of Social Science|D.SocSc]] ([[City University of Hong Kong|CityU]]) [[Doctor of Laws|LL.D]] ([[Hong Kong University of Science and Technology|HKUST]])}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|title=Ronald Joseph Arculli
|c=夏佳理
|j=Haa6 Gaai1 lei5
|y=Haah Gāai léih
|p=Xià Jiālǐ
}}

'''Ronald Joseph Arculli''' ({{lang-zh|t=夏佳理}}; born 2 January 1939 in Hong Kong) is former chairman of [[Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing]], Non-official Members Convenor of the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong]] (Exco) and a senior partner at [[King & Wood Mallesons]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.kingandwood.com/lawyer.aspx?id=ronald-arculli-cvo-gbs-obe-jp&language=en|title=Ronald Arculli|publisher=King and Wood, PRC Lawyers|accessdate=10 August 2010}}</ref> He is a Hong Kong solicitor and a founding partner of the law firm, Arculli, Fong, & Ng, which later merged with [[King & Wood Mallesons]].<ref>[http://www.kingandwood.com/office.aspx?id=hong-kong King & Wood], official website</ref>

==Early life==
Arculli was born to an [[Indian people|Indian]] father and a [[Chinese people|Chinese]] mother. His parents divorced when he was three.<ref name="CityU">{{citation|url=http://www.cityu.edu.hk/cityu/about/honorary/doc/Arculli_eng.pdf|title=Honorary Doctor of Social Science Mr Ronald Joseph ARCULLI|first=Julia Po-wah|last=TAO LAI|publisher=City University of Hong Kong|date=10 November 2005|accessdate=3 August 2010}}</ref> After graduating from [[St Joseph's College, Hong Kong|St Joseph's College]] in 1956,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sjc.edu.hk/oldboys.php?content=business | title=Prominent Old Boys - St. Joseph's College }}</ref> he was sent to study in England and finished his A-levels in 1958.<ref name="St. Joseph's College">{{cite web|title=St. Joseph's College- Old Boy Interview -the Hon. Ronald Arculli, O.B.E., J.P|url=http://archive.sjc.edu.hk/1997-1998/features/arculli-careers.html|website=St Joseph's College|url-status=dead|accessdate=21 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102200613/http://archive.sjc.edu.hk/1997-1998/features/arculli-careers.html|archivedate=2 November 2015|quote=A-Level exam in 1958}}</ref> After this he returned to Hong Kong and eventually became a barrister and solicitor in both the bars of [[Hong Kong Bar Association|Hong Kong]] and [[Barristers in England and Wales|England]].<ref name="CityU"/>

==Career==
Arculli was a member of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]] and the deputy chairman of the [[Liberal Party (Hong Kong)|Liberal Party]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.liberal.org.hk/contents/modules/news/shownews.php?page=104&filtergroupid=15|publisher=Liberal Party|title=Resolution in civil service reform questioned|date=31 March 2000|accessdate=10 August 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924135504/http://www.liberal.org.hk/contents/modules/news/shownews.php?page=104&filtergroupid=15|archivedate=24 September 2008}}</ref> He is also a member of the board of directors of the [[Asia Art Archive]] and the former chairman of the [[Hong Kong Jockey Club]].<ref>{{citation |url= https://www.forbes.com/finance/mktguideapps/personinfo/FromPersonIdPersonTearsheet.jhtml?passedPersonId=1110696 |work=Forbes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080331184545/http://www.forbes.com/finance/mktguideapps/personinfo/FromPersonIdPersonTearsheet.jhtml?passedPersonId=1110696|archivedate=31 March 2008 |accessdate= 10 August 2010 |title= Ronald Arculli Profile}}</ref> Among his current responsibilities, he is currently a senior partner with [[King & Wood Mallesons]].

Arculli has been a non-official member of Exco since 2005 and was made Non-official Members Convenor in October 2011 following the resignation of [[Leung Chun-ying|CY Leung]] to stand in the [[2012 Hong Kong Chief Executive election]].<ref>[http://www.news.gov.hk/en/categories/admin/html/2011/10/20111003_165343.shtml ExCo convenor resigns], news.gov.hk, 3 October 2011</ref> He has also been inducted as Honorary Fellow of [[Hong Kong Securities and Investment Institute]] (HKSI) on 24 October 2013. In 2013, he was also appointed as the chairman of Richard Li Tzar-kai new venture, FWD.<ref>Chan, Ray. [https://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/1338612/richard-li-taps-former-hkex-chairman-join-insurance-venture "Richard Li appoints Ronald Arculli as chairman of insurer FWD"], 'South China Morning Post', 25 October 2013. Accessed 28 October 2015.</ref>

==Personal life==
Arculli speaks [[English language|English]] and [[Cantonese]] (but cannot read or write [[Written Chinese|Chinese]]).<ref>[[Be My Guest (talk show)|Be My Guest]], Episode 51, 13 October 2007</ref>

With his Austrian-born wife Joanne, he has three children. He also has two children from a previous marriage, and three grandchildren. His brother-in-law (married to his sister Rhoda Arculli) is his stockbroker and the brother of [[Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong)|Court of Final Appeal]] judge [[Kemal Bokhary]].<ref>{{citation|periodical=Wen Wei Po|url=http://paper.wenweipo.com/2010/01/28/HK1001280015.htm|date=28 January 2010|accessdate=29 January 2010|title=叔大法官舅夏佳理}}</ref> From 2002 to 2006, Arculli served as Chairman of the [[Hong Kong Jockey Club]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2015}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ceo.gov.hk/exco/eng/ronald_arculli.html Ronald Arculli biodata]
*[http://www.kingandwood.com/lawyer.aspx?id=ronald-arculli-cvo-gbs-obe-jp&language=en Ronald Arculli Profile at King & Wood]

{{s-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-bef|before=[[CY Leung]]}}
{{S-ttl|title = Convenor of the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong|Executive Council]]|years=2011–2012}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Lam Woon-kwong]]}}
{{s-par|hk}}
{{s-new|constituency}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Legislative Council|district=[[Real Estate and Construction (constituency)|Real Estate and Construction]]|years=1991–1997}}
{{s-non|reason=Replaced by [[Provisional Legislative Council]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Andrew Wong (politician)|Andrew Wong]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chairman of Finance Committee|years=1995–2000}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Philip Wong]]}}
{{s-new|parliament|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of [[Provisional Legislative Council]]|years=1997–1998}}
{{s-non|reason=Replaced by [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong|Legislative Council]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Legislative Council|district=[[Real Estate and Construction (constituency)|Real Estate and Construction]]|years=1998–2000}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Abraham Razack]]}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-new|party}}
{{s-ttl|title=Vice-Chairperson of the [[Liberal Party (Hong Kong)|Liberal Party]]|years=1993–2000
|with=[[Steven Poon]] (1996–1998)
|with2=[[Selina Chow]] (1998–2000)}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Miriam Lau]]}}
{{s-sport}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Wong Chung-hin]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=Chairman of the [[Hong Kong Jockey Club]]| years=2002–2006}}
{{s-aft | after=[[John Chan]]}}
{{s-prec}}
{{S-bef|before=[[John Tsang]] ''Recipient of the Grand Bauhinia Medal''}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Hong Kong order of precedence]] ''Recipient of the Grand Bauhinia Medal''}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Edward Leong]] ''Recipient of the Grand Bauhinia Medal''}}
{{end}}

{{HK Liberal Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arculli, Ronald}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Hong Kong solicitors]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Members of Lincoln's Inn]]
[[Category:Hong Kong businesspeople in finance]]
[[Category:Liberal Party (Hong Kong) politicians]]
[[Category:Hong Kong people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gold Bauhinia Star]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Grand Bauhinia Medal]]
[[Category:Members of the Provisional Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Barristers of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:HK LegCo Members 1988–1991]]
[[Category:HK LegCo Members 1991–1995]]
[[Category:HK LegCo Members 1995–1997]]
[[Category:HK LegCo Members 1998–2000]]
[[Category:Members of the Selection Committee of Hong Kong]]

Pooja Singhal

2026-03-24T05:34:27Z

KINGRON: added a biography...

{{Short description|Indian civil servant (born 1978)}}
{{Orphan|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
'''Pooja Singhal''' (born 7 July 1978) is an Indian former civil servant. She served as mining secretary of the state of [[Jharkhand]] until being separated from her duties in May 2022 after her arrest on money laundering charges.

==Early life and career==
Singhal was born on 7 July 1978 in [[Dehradun]] in [[Uttrakhand]].<ref name="toi">{{Cite news |last=Deogharia |first=Jaideep |date=13 May 2022 |title=Day after arrest, Jharkhand govt suspends mines secretary Pooja Singhal |language=en |work=[[Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/day-after-arrest-jharkhand-govt-suspends-mines-secretary-pooja-singhal/articleshow/91530517.cms |access-date=2022-06-05}}</ref> She joined the [[Indian Administrative Service]] at the age of 21,<ref name="plum">{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Abhinandan |date=2022-05-14 |title=Jharkhand IAS officer Pooja Singhal got plum postings, lied to DoPT |language=en-IN |work=The Sunday Guardian Live |url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/jharkhand-ias-officer-pooja-singhal-got-plum-postings-lied-dopt |access-date=2022-06-05}}</ref> making her among the country's youngest civil officers.{{r|toi}} In 2004, she was posted to a position in the Jharkhand state department of health and family welfare, where she was in charge of the [[Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences]]; after several postings in local areas, she became an event coordinator for the state government in 2014 before working in the agriculture department and then being named secretary of the mines and industries departments in 2021.{{r|toi}}

==Money laundering case==
In May 2022, Pooja Singhal was arrested and was produced before the court of Shri Prabhat Kumar Sharma, the designated court to hear money laundering cases in [[Ranchi]]. The mining secretary was arrested in connection to money laundering linked to alleged embezzlement of [[National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005|MGNREGA]] funds. The federal agency had conducted raids throughout different locations across four states regarding the case and recovered ₹{{crore|17.49}} from a chartered accountant associated with Singhal and her husband.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mining secretary Pooja Singhal arrested in PMLA case|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jharkhand-mining-secretary-pooja-singhal-arrested-in-pmla-case-101652295634310.html|date=12 May 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref> The Jharkhand state government suspended her from her duties as mining secretary.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-13 |title=Jharkhand government suspends mining secretary Pooja Singhal post her arrest |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/may/13/jharkhand-government-suspends-mining-secretary-pooja-singhal-post-her-arrest-2453102.html |access-date=2022-06-05}}</ref> On 25 May, Singhal was sent to judicial custody for two weeks, a day after [[Enforcement Directorate]] officials raided six locations in Ranchi and one in [[Muzaffarpur]] in [[Bihar]] in connection with the inquiry.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prakash |first=Aryan |date=2022-05-25 |title=Jharkhand mining case: Suspended IAS officer Pooja Singhal sent to judicial custody till June 8 |language=en |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/ranchi-news/suspended-ias-officer-pooja-singhal-sent-to-judicial-custody-till-june-8-101653468272346.html |access-date=2022-06-05}}</ref>

After three months of interim bail granted for treatment of her daughter, who was ill, she surrendered to authorities on 10 April 2023, and charges were framed against her in Sharma's court under sections 3 and 4 of the [[Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand MGNREGA scam: Pooja Singhal surrenders before PMLA Court |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/apr/12/jharkhand-mgnrega-scam-suspended-ias-pooja-singhal-surrenders-before-pmla-court-2565227.html |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Her first husband was fellow IAS officer Rahul Parwar; they divorced, and she later married a businessman, Abhishek Jha. The couple have a daughter, Ayushi Purwar.{{r|toi}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singhal, Pooja}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women civil servants]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian civil servants]]

Shivnandan Prasad Mandal

2026-03-20T13:53:26Z

KINGRON: minor adjust references further and updated info

{{short description|Indian politician from Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shivnandan Prasad Mandal
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = 18 April 1891
| birth_place = Ranipatti, [[Bhagalpur district]], [[British India]]
| death_date = Unknown
| death_place = [[Madhepura]], Bihar
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
|office1 = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
|constituency1 = Murliganj
|term_start1 = 1952
|predecessor1 = ''New constituency''
|term_end1 = 1962
|successor1 = Jai Kumar Singh
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| awards =
| signature =
| footnotes =
| website =
}}
'''Shivanandan Prasad Mandal''' was a [[Freedom Fighter|freedom fighter]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Śrīvāstava |first=Lakshmī Prasāda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MpEhAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2 |title=Bihāra loka saṃskr̥ti kośa |date=1990 |publisher=Sītārāma Prakāśana |language=hi}}</ref> and politician.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Congress |first1=Indian National |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yC0BAAAAMAAJ&q=shivnandan+prasad+mandal |title=Year of Freedom |last2=Committee |first2=Indian National Congress All India Congress |date=1945 |publisher=Indian National Congress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bakshi |first=Shiri Ram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=En5DAAAAYAAJ&q=shivnandan+prasad+mandal |title=Struggle for Independence: K. Kamaraj |date=1989 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-142-0 |language=en}}</ref> He was the first law minister of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Śrīvāstava |first=Nāgendra Mohana Prasāda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CFpuAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2 |title=Bihāra kesarī Ḍô. Śrīkr̥shṇa Siṃha: jīvanavr̥tta evaṃ pariveśa |date=1987 |publisher=Bihāra Hindī Grantha Akādamī |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=शिवनन्द प्रसाद मंडल |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?14809 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c-e1AAAAIAAJ&q=shivnandan+prasad+mandal |title=Bihar in ... |date=1941 |publisher=Superintendent, Government Printing |language=en}}</ref> He played a role in the Bang Bhang movement, the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)|non-cooperation movement]] and the salt movement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=शिवनंदन प्रसाद मंडल : साधना एवं संघर्ष विषयक व्याख्यान आयोजित - Madhepura live News-मधेपुरा लाइव न्यूज़ |url=https://www.madhepuralivenews.com/2020/06/blog-post_654.html?m=1 |access-date=2022-06-03 |website=www.madhepuralivenews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-19 |title=कार्यक्रम: शिवनंदन बाबू के विचारों को आगे बढ़ाने की जरूरत |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/muzaffarpur/madhepura/news/need-to-carry-forward-the-ideas-of-shivanandan-babu-129681721.html |access-date=2022-06-03 |website=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref>

Sivanandan Prasad Mandal was born to an Ahir Zamindar<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mishra |first1=Girish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e41uAAAAMAAJ&q=ahir+cabinet |title=Sociology and Economics of Casteism in India: A Study of Bihar |last2=Pandey |first2=Braj Kumar |date=1996 |publisher=Pragati Publications |isbn=978-81-7307-036-5 |language=en}}</ref> family of Ranipatti village in the erstwhile [[Saharsa district]] (now in Madhepura).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbLVAAAAMAAJ&q=shivnandan+mandal |title=Commentaries on the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939, with Synopsis and All India Case-law |last2=Sinha |first2=Parmanand Sharan |last3=Mondal |first3=Tarni Prasad |date=1965 |publisher=Malhotra Bros. |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Saharsa district]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]

{{Bihar-INC-politician-stub}}

Allahabad Cricketers

2026-03-13T22:41:17Z

KINGRON: creating first data added tags...

{{Short description|Indian cricket club}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2016}}
'''Allahabad Cricketers''' (इलाहाबाद क्रिकेटर्स) was founded as a cricket club in 1985 at [[Madan Mohan Malviya Stadium]] in [[Prayagraj]] for young cricketers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://article.wn.com/view/2000/03/13/Allahabad_Cricketers_win/|title=Allahabad Cricketers win|website=article.wn.com|access-date=2016-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/allahabad-city-11689773.html|title=इविवि (ए) ने किया ट्राफी पर कब्जा 11689773|access-date=2016-08-17}}</ref> Its first coach and manager was Ramesh Pal.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.khelkit.com/coach-detail/ramesh-chandra-pal-cricket-coach-in-ghaziabad-uttar-pradesh?searchid=1987&key=Cricket | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813174829/https://www.khelkit.com/coach-detail/ramesh-chandra-pal-cricket-coach-in-ghaziabad-uttar-pradesh?searchid=1987&key=Cricket | archive-date=2016-08-13 | title=Ramesh Chandra Pal – Best Cricket Coach, Coaching, Training & Academy in 79 , Gupta colony G.T road Ghaziabad }}</ref> He appointed Alok Ranjan Singh as the club's first full-time captain.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.usacricket.org/media-release/usa-cricket-announces-24-volunteer-youth-coordinators/ | title=USA Cricket Announces 24 Volunteer Youth Coordinators | date=23 May 2020 }}</ref>

== Famous players ==
The players like [[Ashish Zaidi]], [[Gyanendra Pandey (cricketer)|Gyanendra Pandey]], [[Obaid Kamal]], [[Mohammad Saif (cricketer, born 1976)|Mohammad Saif]], [[Mohammad Kaif]], [[Jyoti Yadav]] have grown while playing for this club. The main practice ground for this club has been [[Madan Mohan Malviya Stadium]] in the historical [[Alfred Park]] of [[Allahabad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/20010528-emergence-of-talent-from-outside-traditional-cricket-strongholds-reflects-hinterland-grit-776128-2001-05-27|title=Emergence of talent from outside traditional cricket strongholds reflects hinterland grit|date=28 May 2001 |access-date=2016-08-17}}</ref>

One of its prodigies, Rambabu Pal who was in under-16 India camp along with [[Sachin Tendulkar]] and [[Vinod Kambli]], committed suicide at the age of 34.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/india-in-australia/top-stories/Former-Ranji-player-commits-suicide/articleshow/2456250.cms|title=Former Ranji player commits suicide - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |date=13 October 2007 |access-date=2016-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/bowling-at-the-death/240666|title=Bowling At The Death|access-date=2016-08-17}}</ref>

Allahabad crickters has produced several cricketers for Under-19 and [[University of Allahabad]] cricket team. L.B. Kala, Ramesh Pal, Brijesh Sahay, B.N. Agrwal, Arun Singh, Ravindra Singh, Vinod Pandey, Alok Singh, Mohammad Asif,Nouman Fazal and many others went on to play for the university team. Brijesh Sahay, B.N. Agrwal and Alok Singh also played regularly for famous Subhania Club in [[Delhi & District Cricket Association|DDCA]]'s A-Division league and other tournaments in Delhi.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/heroes-away-from-limelight/article4853139.ece | title=Heroes away from limelight | newspaper=The Hindu | date=26 June 2013 }}</ref>

Allahabad Cricketers has had several senior players from the [[Ranji Trophy|Ranji trophy]] teams of [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Railways cricket team|Railways]] right from the beginning. Veteran players like [[Hyder Ali (cricketer)|Hyder Ali]] have guided players for many years.{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}}

== Coaches ==
Several coaches from Allahabad Crickters were trained at [[Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports|National Institute of Sports (NIS)]] and [[Sports Authority of India]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}}

MP Singh who worked as the Cricket Coach of [[University of Allahabad]], after graduating from [[Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports|National Institute of Sports (NIS)]] contributed to talent development and coaching set-up in Allahabad. Later MP Singh moved to Delhi to assist [[Dronacharya Award|Dronacharya]] awardee [[Gurcharan Singh (cricketer)|Gurcharan Singh]] at [[Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium|National Stadium]] Cricket Center. There he developed several national and international players.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lokapally|first=Vijay|title=Throwback: When Storm Dhoni hit Patna|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/dhoni-national-stadium-coaching-centre-patna-m-p-singh-sports-authority-of-india/article32423228.ece|access-date=2021-07-09|website=Sportstar|date=24 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian club cricket teams]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams in Uttar Pradesh]]

Ramudochadu

2026-03-03T18:27:08Z

KINGRON: general updated content for clarity also and added references based on references

{{short description|1996 film by A. Kodandarami Reddy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ramudochadu
| image = Ramudochadu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| story = Thotapalli Madhu
| screenplay = A. Kodanadarami Reddy
| writer = Thotapalli Madhu {{small|(dialogues)}}
| producer = Yarlagadda Surendra
| director = [[A. Kodandarami Reddy]]
| starring = [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] [[Soundarya]] [[Ravali]]
| music = [[Raj–Koti|Raj]]
| cinematography = [[Rasool Ellore]]
| editing = Shankar Suri
| studio = S. S. Creations
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1996|4|25}}
| runtime = 147 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Ramudochadu''''' ({{translation|Ramu has come}}) is a 1996 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[A. Kodandarami Reddy]] and produced by Yarlagadda Surendra. It stars [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]], [[Soundarya]] and [[Ravali]], with music composed by [[Raj–Koti|Raj]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/mani-ratnam-to-puri-jagannadh-nagarjuna-rejected-films-of-these-directors-4823879.html | title=Mani Ratnam to Puri Jagannadh: Nagarjuna Rejected Films of These Directors | date=March 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/america-abbayi-andhra-ammayi-how-nri-men-find-love-telugu-cinema-134158 | title='America Abbayi, Andhra Ammayi': How NRI men find love in Telugu cinema | date=29 September 2020 }}</ref>

==Plot==
The rivalry between two families splits a village "Seetaramapuram" into Seetapuram and Ramapuram. Seetapuram's head is Bhusayya and Ramapuram's head is Bhadrayya. Bhusayya is in the trap of his son-in-law Gavaraju, who always insists on taking revenge against Bhadrayya's family. Bhadrayya wants his granddaughter Sundaralakshmi to study in college, but her father Chandrayya fixes her marriage with their Village President Nagaraju, but with his father's pressure, Chandrayya sends Sundaralakshmi to college.

Ram is a college student from America who one day meets Sundaralakshmi in college, and as she isn't used to city life, Ram teaches her how to live that way. Afterwards, he goes with Sundaralakshmi to Seetapuram to spend his holidays and meets her family. But Chandrayya doesn't appreciate Ram's foreign behaviour. Ram beats up one of the goons from Ramapuram as they start another fight. But Ram stops them luckily and admits that he's the one who beat the guy up, so they stopped the fight. Ram meets a village girl named Seshagiri and she falls in love with him, with the help of her, Ram tries to seduce Sundaralakshmi. Chandrayya makes Sundaralakshmi's engagement arrangements with Nagaraju, where she admits her love with Ram. But Chandrayya doesn't agree, he keeps a challenge to Ram that he should cultivate the agriculture land of 100 acres. Ram accepts the challenge and wins it.

Meanwhile, Ram discovers that Nagaraju secretly works for Gavaraju, they plan their next attack at their rival village. Ram then comes in and starts a fight against both villages in which Bhusayya's wife Annapurnamma is injured, Ram saves her and tells her that he is her grandson, Gavaraju listens to that and kills Annapurnamma and proclaims that if any heir is there in the village to give a funeral to her, then Ram should admit the secret.

Krishna Prasad, son of Bhusayya is treated as god by the entire village, because he doesn't have any disparity of rich and poor. He is loving and marries Bhadrayya's daughter Arundathi without their permission, for that reason his father sends him out. After some time, Arundhati gets pregnant, Krishna Prasad is willing to send his wife to America for higher education. Gavaraju plans to kill Krishna Prasad and Arundathi and in the attack, Krishna Prasad dies saving Arundathi, but people think both of them die, which splits the village into two and the temple between the village is closed.

Ram is the son of Krishna Prasad and Arundathi, that's why he played this entire game to join both villages as his mother's last wish. Meanwhile, Bhusayya also owns up to the truth and he changes. Finally, Ram sees the end of Gavaraju, joins both villages into "Seetaramapuram" and the temple is re-opened with Ram and Sundaralakshmi's marriage.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] as Ram
* [[Soundarya]] as Sundarlakshmi
* [[Ravali]] as Seshagiri
* [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] as Krishna Prasad (Cameo Appearance)
* [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]] as Arundathi (Cameo Appearance)
* [[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Bhadrayya
* [[Srihari]] as Nagaraju
* [[M. N. Nambiar|Nambiar]] as Bhusayya
* [[Anandaraj|Anand Raj]] as Gavaraju
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandramohan]] as Chandrayya
* [[Chalapathi Rao]] as Servant
* [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] as Annapurnamma
* [[Sudha (Telugu actress)|Sudha]] as Venkai
* [[Y. Vijaya]] as Bhadrayya's wife
* [[Prasad Babu]] as Madhavayya
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Basha
* [[Amanchi Venkata Subrahmanyam|AVS]] as Principal
* [[Babu Mohan]] as Bengal
* [[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] as Chandamama
* Krishnaveni as Warden
* Poojitha as Nagma
* [[Kashmera Shah]] as special appearance in an item song
* Master Harsha as Ankappa
{{colend}}

==Production==
The film was partially shot in [[Gobichettipalayam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Gobichettipalayam – a 'paradise' for cinema directors |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/salem/gobichettipalayam-a-paradise-for-cinema-directors/articleshow/63193200.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714173507/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/salem/gobichettipalayam-a-paradise-for-cinema-directors/articleshow/63193200.cms |archive-date=14 July 2018 |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Ramudochadu
| type = film
| artist = [[Raj–Koti|Raj]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1996
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 28:48
| label = Supreme Music
| producer = [[Raj–Koti|Raj]]
| prev_title = Bharatha Simham
| prev_year = 1995
| next_title = Sambhavam
| next_year = 1998
}}
The music was composed by [[Raj–Koti|Raj]]. Audio soundtrack was released on Supreme Music label.
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 28:48
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Aishwarya Raiyo
| lyrics1 = [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Suresh Peters]]
| length1 = 4:48

| title2 = Varava Vayarama
| lyrics2 = [[Veturi]]
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]
| length2 = 5:04

| title3 = Guvve Kuse
| lyrics3 = Veturi
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
| length3 = 5:14

| title4 = Maa Palle
| lyrics4 = Veturi
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
| length4 = 4:53

| title5 = Srungara Kavya
| lyrics5 = Sirivennela Sitaramasastri
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Swarnalatha]]
| length5 = 3:31

| title6 = Gumma Gumma
| lyrics6 = Veturi
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
| length6 = 5:18
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt1625549}}

[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy]]
[[Category:1996 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Gobichettipalayam]]

Preet Bharara

2026-03-02T16:08:30Z

KINGRON: Page updated with additional details

{{Short description|American lawyer and former federal prosecutor (born 1968)}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Preet Bharara
| image = Bharara, Preet Headshot.jpg
| caption = Official portrait, 2009
| office = [[United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York]]
| president = [[Barack Obama]] [[Donald Trump]]
| term_start = August 13, 2009
| term_end = March 11, 2017
| predecessor = [[Michael J. Garcia]]
| successor = [[Joon Kim]] (acting)
| birth_name = Preetinder Singh Bharara
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|10|13}}
| birth_place = [[Firozpur]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| education = [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[Columbia University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
| spouse = Dalya Bharara
| children = 3
| signature = Preet Bharara signature (cropped).jpg
}}

'''Preetinder Singh Bharara''' ({{IPAc-en|p|r|iː|t|_|b|ə|ˈ|r|ɑːr|ə}}; born October 13, 1968) is an Indian-born American attorney and former [[Assistant United States Attorney|federal prosecutor]] who served as the [[United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York|U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York]] from 2009 to 2017. As of 2025, he is a [[Partner (business rank)|partner]] at the [[Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr|WilmerHale]] law firm.

A graduate of [[Harvard College]] and [[Columbia Law School]], Bharara worked as an attorney in private practice during his early career. From 2000 to 2005, he served as an [[Assistant United States Attorney|assistant U.S. attorney]]. Bharara then worked as chief counsel to Senator [[Chuck Schumer]] from 2005 to 2009; during this time, Bharara was heavily involved in Schumer's investigation of the [[2006 dismissal of U.S. attorneys|2006 presidential dismissal of U.S. attorneys]].

In 2009, Bharara was appointed by President [[Barack Obama]] to the position of U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York. His office prosecuted the [[Sicilian Mafia|Italian mafia]], convicting four out of the [[Five Families]]. Bharara similarly headed various counter-terrorism probes and cases, particularly against [[Al-Qaeda]]. His office used a variety of unconventional tactics such as [[Telephone tapping|wiretapping]] and asset seizure; he prosecuted nearly 100 Wall Street executives for [[insider trading]] and [[securities fraud]] using these legal methods. Bharara closed settlements with the [[Big Four (banking)|four largest banks]] in the country and shut down multiple [[hedge fund]]s. Known for his technocratic approach to prosecution, he convicted a number of Democratic and Republican politicians on public corruption charges. Bharara occasionally pursued criminals [[Extraterritoriality|extraterritorially]]. Following a [[#Russian money laundering fraud|2013 Russian money laundering investigation]], Russian officials permanently banned him from entering Russia. The [[Devyani Khobragade incident|prosecution of Indian diplomat Devyani Khobragade]] by his office in 2013 led to a strain in [[India–United States relations]]. On March 11, 2017, during the administration of President [[Donald Trump]], Bharara was [[2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys|dismissed]] after refusing to submit his resignation.

== Early life, education, and early career ==
Bharara was born in 1968 in [[Firozpur]], [[Punjab, India]] to a [[Sikh]] father and a [[Hindu]] mother.<ref name=nytimes_20090810>{{cite news | last=Weiser | first=Benjamin | title=For Manhattan's Next U.S. Attorney, Politics and Prosecution Don't Mix | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=August 9, 2009 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/10/nyregion/10bharara.html | access-date=April 21, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-13|title=Fired US Attorney Preet Bharara: Everything you need to know|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/fired-us-attorney-general-preet-bharara-everything-you-need-to-know-4566252/|access-date=2021-09-27|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> He and his parents immigrated to the United States in 1970. Bharara became a U.S. citizen at age 12. He grew up in [[Eatontown, New Jersey|Eatontown]] in suburban [[Monmouth County, New Jersey]]<ref>Lattman, Peter. [https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/06/09/the-bhararas-join-an-elite-band-of-brothers/ "The Fabulous Bharara Boys"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 9, 2011. Accessed August 9, 2012. "He told the audience that he and his brother who grew up in Eatontown, N.J., carved similar paths. Preet, 46, graduated from Harvard College, and Vinnie, 39, from the University of Pennsylvania."</ref> and attended [[Ranney School]] in [[Tinton Falls, New Jersey]], where he graduated as [[valedictorian]] in 1986.<ref name=reuters_20091020>{{cite news|title=Preet Bharara, the new top federal prosecutor zeroes in on white-collar crime |work=India Times/Reuters |date=October 20, 2009 |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international-business/Preet-Bharara-the-new-top-federal-prosecutor-zeroes-in-on-white-collar-crime/articleshow/5141088.cms |access-date=April 21, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527024358/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international-business/Preet-Bharara-the-new-top-federal-prosecutor-zeroes-in-on-white-collar-crime/articleshow/5141088.cms |archive-date=May 27, 2010 }}</ref><ref name=wnyc_20110127>{{cite web|last=Chang |first=Ailsa |author-link=Ailsa Chang |title=Meet Preet Bharara: New York's Highest-Profile Prosecutor |work=[[WNYC]] News |date=January 27, 2011 |url=http://www.wnyc.org/articles/wnyc-news/2011/jan/27/preet-bharara-hard-charging-humble-prosecutor/ |access-date=April 21, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418232614/http://www.wnyc.org/articles/wnyc-news/2011/jan/27/preet-bharara-hard-charging-humble-prosecutor/ |archive-date=April 18, 2011 }}</ref>

Bharara received a Bachelor of Arts degree ''[[magna cum laude]]'' from [[Harvard College]] in 1990. He then received a [[Juris Doctor]] degree from [[Columbia Law School]] in 1993, where he was a member of the ''[[Columbia Law Review]]''.<ref name=nytimes_20090810/>

In 1993, Bharara joined the law firm of [[Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher]] as a litigation associate. In 1996, Bharara joined the firm of [[Swidler Berlin Shereff Friedman|Shereff, Friedman, Hoffman & Goodman]], where he did [[White-collar crime|white-collar defense]] work.<ref>Lizz Riggs, [https://today.law.harvard.edu/preet-bharara-and-mindy-kaling-named-harvard-law-school-2014-class-day-speakers/ Preet Bharara and Mindy Kaling are Harvard Law School's 2014 Class Day Speakers], ''Harvard Law Today'' (March 5, 2014).</ref> He was an assistant [[United States Attorney]] in Manhattan for five years, from 2000 to 2005, bringing criminal cases against the bosses of the [[Gambino crime family]], [[Colombo crime family]], and Asian gangs in New York City.<ref name=daily_telegraph_20070603/><ref name=wsj_20090211>{{cite news | last=Jones | first=Ashby | title=The Likely Next U.S. Attorney for NY's Southern District: Preet Bharara | work=The Wall Street Journal | date=February 11, 2009 | url=https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2009/02/11/the-likely-next-us-attorney-for-nys-southern-district-preet-bharara/ | access-date=April 21, 2011}}</ref><ref name=time_20091113>{{cite magazine | last=Calabresi | first=Massimo | title=Prosecuting Khalid Sheikh Mohammed: Much Harder Than You Think | magazine=Time| date=November 13, 2009 | url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1939374,00.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115070245/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1939374,00.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=November 15, 2009| access-date=April 21, 2011}}</ref> From 2005 to 2009, Bharara served as chief counsel to Senator [[Chuck Schumer]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/careers/careers-leadership/preet-bharara-the-man-who-strikes-fear-into-wall-street/article8748386/|title=Preet Bharara: The man who strikes fear into Wall Street|work=The Globe and Mail |date=February 15, 2013|via=www.theglobeandmail.com}}</ref> and played a leading role in the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary investigation into the [[2006 dismissal of U.S. attorneys|firings of United States attorneys]].<ref name=daily_telegraph_20070603>{{cite news | last=Shipman | first=Tim | title=Mafia prosecutor now has Bush in his sights | work=The Daily Telegraph | date=June 3, 2007 | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1553492/Mafia-prosecutor-now-has-Bush-in-his-sights.html | access-date=April 21, 2011 | location=London}}</ref>

== U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York ==
Bharara was nominated to become [[U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York]] by President [[Barack Obama]] on May 15, 2009, and unanimously confirmed by the [[U.S. Senate]]. His nomination to the post was welcomed across the political spectrum, as he was regarded as an "apolitical and fair-minded" figure.<ref name="Parloff">Roger Parloff, [https://money.cnn.com/2009/05/22/news/newsmakers/parloff_bharara.fortune/index.htm Nominee for Manhattan U.S. Attorney: A nonpartisan star], ''Fortune'' (August 25, 2009).</ref> Bharara was sworn in as U.S. Attorney on August 13, 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/indian-american-preet-bharara-appears-on-time-cover-568780|title=Indian-American Preet Bharara appears on Time cover|website=NDTV.com|date=February 3, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wamc.org/a-special-conversation-with-preet-bharara|title=A Special Conversation With Preet Bharara|website=WAMC|access-date=February 9, 2026}}</ref>

During his time as U.S. Attorney, Bharara was named ''[[India Abroad]]'s'' 2011 Person of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-preet-bharara-is-india-abroad-person-of-the-year-2011/20120630.htm |title= Preet Bharara, the Man Who Makes Wall Street Tremble, Is India Abroad Person of the Year 2011 |publisher=Rediff |date=June 30, 2012}}</ref> In 2012, he was named as one of "The 100 Most Influential People in the World" by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120419073157/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2111975_2111976_2112129,00.html The 2012 Time 100], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', "Preet Bharara". By Viet Dinh. Retrieved April 23, 2012.</ref> Bharara was also included in ''Bloomberg Markets Magazine''{{'}}s 2012 [[50 Most Influential (Bloomberg Markets ranking)|"50 Most Influential" list]] as well as ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{'}}s 2012 and 2013 annual "New Establishment" lists.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bloomberg Markets' 50 Most Influential|url=http://origin-www.bloomberg.com/slideshow/2012-09-04/bloomberg-markets-50-most-influential.html#slide23|newspaper=Bloomberg Markets Magazine|date=September 5, 2012|access-date=September 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122224932/http://origin-www.bloomberg.com/slideshow/2012-09-04/bloomberg-markets-50-most-influential.html#slide23|archive-date=January 22, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The New Establishment 2012|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/business/new-establishment/2012/17-preet-bharara|newspaper=Vanity Fair |date=October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013100744/http://www.vanityfair.com/business/new-establishment/2012/17-preet-bharara|archive-date=October 13, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The New Establishment 2013 |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/business/2013/11/new-establishment-2013|newspaper=Vanity Fair|date=November 2013}}</ref>

=== International investigations ===
[[File:Preet Bharara 2011.jpg|thumb|Bharara (''right'') waits with Attorney General [[Eric Holder]] to announce charges related to the [[2011 alleged Iran assassination plot]]]]
Bharara's office sent out agents to more than 25 countries to investigate suspects of arms and narcotics trafficking and terrorists, and to bring them to Manhattan to face charges. One case involved [[Viktor Bout]]. Bout was an arms trafficker, who lived in Moscow and had a deal involving selling arms to Colombian terrorists. Bharara argued that this aggressive approach was necessary in post 9/11 era. Defense lawyers criticized the stings, calling Bharara's office "the Southern District of the World". They also argued that American citizens would not appreciate being treated similarly by other countries.<ref name=International>{{cite news|last1=Weiser|first1=Benjamin|title=A New York Prosecutor With Worldwide Reach|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/28/nyregion/28prosecutor.html|access-date=March 1, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=March 27, 2011}}</ref>

=== Actions against financial crime ===
==== Insider trading ====
In 2012, Bharara was featured on a cover of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine entitled "This Man is Busting Wall Street" for his office's prosecutions of insider trading and other financial fraud on Wall Street.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.time.com/time/covers/europe/0,16641,20120213,00.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120203153019/http://www.time.com/time/covers/europe/0,16641,20120213,00.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= February 3, 2012|title= This Man is Busting Wall Street |publisher=Time Magazine |date=February 13, 2012}}</ref> From 2009 to 2012 (and ongoing), Bharara's office oversaw the [[Raj Rajaratnam/Galleon Group, Anil Kumar, and Rajat Gupta insider trading cases|Galleon Group insider trading]] investigation against [[Raj Rajaratnam]], [[Rajat Gupta]], [[Anil Kumar]] and more than 60 others. Rajaratnam was convicted at trial on 14 counts related to insider trading.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Hedge Fund Billionaire Raj Rajaratnam Found Guilty In Manhattan Federal Court Of Insider Trading Charges |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/index.html |publisher=US Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York |access-date=June 22, 2011 |date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528211734/http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/index.html |archive-date=May 28, 2011 }}</ref> Bharara is said to have "reaffirmed his office’s leading role in pursuing corporate crime with this landmark [[insider trading]] case, which relied on aggressive prosecutorial methods and unprecedented tactics."<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. Attorney Sends a Message to Wall Street|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/05/12/u-s-attorney-sends-a-message-to-wall-street/|access-date=June 22, 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 12, 2011|author=Weiser, Benjamin|author2=Lattman, Peter}}</ref>

In 2011 when hedge fund portfolio manager [[Chip Skowron]] pleaded guilty to insider trading, Bharara said: "Chip Skowron is the latest example of a portfolio manager willing to pay for proprietary, non-public information that gave him an illegal trading edge over the average investor. The integrity of our market is damaged by people who engage in insider trading...."<ref name="auto"/> Skowron was sent to prison for five years.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/skowron-pleads-guilty-in-insider-trading-scam-2011-08-15|title=Skowron pleads guilty in insider trading scam|first=William|last=Spain|website=MarketWatch|date=15 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/business/2012/11/harvard_doctor_turned_hedge_fu.html|title=Harvard doctor turned hedge fund felon lured by ambition, riches|date=27 November 2012|website=nj.com}}</ref> Bharara has often spoken publicly about his work<ref>{{cite news|last=Beeson|first=Ed|title=When U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara speaks, Wall Street and the world listens|url=http://www.nj.com/business/index.ssf/2012/08/when_us_attorney_preet_bharara.html|newspaper=New Jersey Star-Ledger|date=August 19, 2012}}</ref> and written an op-ed about the culture surrounding corporate crime and its effect on market confidence and business risk.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bharara, Preet |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2012/07/23/why-corporate-fraud-is-so-rampant-wall-streets-cop.html |title=Why Corporate Fraud Is So Rampant: Wall Street's Cop |publisher=CNBC |date=July 23, 2012}}</ref>

After 85 straight convictions for insider-trading cases, he finally lost one on July 17, 2014. This was when a jury acquitted Rajaratnam's younger brother, [[Rengan Rajaratnam|Rengan]], of such charges.<ref name="nytimes.com">[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/19/business/Rengan-Rajaratnam-case-shows-limits-of-insider-trading-laws.html "The Limits of the Law in Insider Trading"]. ''The New York Times'' (July 18, 2014). Retrieved March 18, 2015.</ref>

On October 22, 2015, Bharara dropped seven insider-trading cases two weeks after the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] refused to a review a lower court decision that would make it harder to pursue wrongful-trading cases. The conviction of Michael S. Steinberg was dropped; Steinberg was the highest-ranking officer of [[SAC Capital Advisors]] who had previously been convicted of insider trading.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/23/business/dealbook/us-prosecutor-to-drop-insider-trading-cases-against-seven.html|title=U.S. Prosecutor to Drop Insider Trading Cases Against Seven|first=Matthew|last=Goldstein|newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 22, 2015|access-date=March 12, 2017}}</ref>

In 2013, Bharara announced criminal and civil charges against one of the largest and most successful hedge-fund firms in the United States, SAC Capital Advisors LP, and its founder Steven A. Cohen.<ref name="WSJ SAC Capital">{{cite news|first1=Jenny|last1=Strasburg|first2=James|last2=Sterngold|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324564704578627680475592130|title=U.S. Attorney Alleges 'Rampant Insider Trading' at SAC |access-date=October 8, 2015|work=Wall Street Journal|date=July 25, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/08/us-sac-plea-entered-idUSBRE9A710M20131108=Reuters|title=SAC Capital pleads guilty|website=[[Reuters]] |date=November 8, 2013}}</ref> At USD$1.8 billion, it was the largest settlement ever for insider trading, and the firm also agreed to close down.<ref name="ABC SAC funds">{{cite news|last1=Jarvis|first1=Rebecca|last2=Katersky|first2=Aaron|last3=Kim|first3=Susanna|title=Indicted Hedge Fund SAC Capital 'Magnet for Market Cheaters'|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/criminal-charges-filed-hedge-fund-insider-trading-11/story?id=19769212|access-date=October 8, 2015|work=abc News|date=July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Meet Preet Bharara Who Just Won the Biggest Insider Trading Case Ever|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/11/04/meet-preet-bharara-who-just-won-the-biggest-insider-trading-case-ever/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=November 4, 2013}}</ref>

==== Citibank ====
[[Citibank]] was charged numerous times by Bharara's office and other federal prosecutors. In 2012, the bank reached a settlement with Bharara's office to pay $158 million for misleading the government into insuring risky loans.<ref name="Suit against Citibank">{{cite news|agency=The Associated Press|title=Citigroup to Pay $158 Million in Mortgage Fraud Settlement|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/16/business/citigroup-to-pay-158-million-in-mortgage-fraud-settlement.html|access-date=October 8, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=February 15, 2012}}</ref> Bharara also made a criminal inquiry into Citibank's Mexican banking unit<ref>{{cite news|last1=Protess|first1=Ben|last2=Corkery|first2=Michael|title=Criminal Inquiry Said to Be Opened on Citigroup|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/04/02/crime-inquiry-said-to-open-on-citigroup/?_r=0|access-date=October 8, 2015|date=April 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2014, Citi settled with federal prosecutors for $7 billion for ignoring warnings on risky loans.<ref>{{cite news|title=Citibank reaches $7 billion mortgage probe settlement|url=http://jurist.org/paperchase/2014/07/citibank-reaches-7-billion-mortgage-securities-inquiry-settlement.php|access-date=October 8, 2015|work=Jurist.org|date=July 15, 2014}}</ref>

==== JPMorgan Chase ====
Almost as soon as he took office, Bharara began investigating the role of [[Bernie Madoff]]'s primary banker, [[JPMorgan Chase]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Scott Cohn |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/jpmorgans-price-tag-settle-madoff-case-2-6b-or-2-2D11869160 |title=JPMorgan settles Madoff case for $2.6B, or 2 weeks revenue |publisher=NBC News.com |date=January 7, 2014 |access-date=January 19, 2014}}</ref> Eventually, Bharara and JPMorgan reached a [[deferred prosecution]] agreement that called for JPMorgan to forfeit $1.7 billion—the largest forfeiture ever demanded from a bank in American history—to settle charges that it and its predecessors violated the [[Bank Secrecy Act]] by failing to alert state and federal authorities about Madoff's actions.<ref name="Vardi">{{cite news|last=Vardi|first=Nathan|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanvardi/2014/01/07/jpmorgan-chase-to-pay-1-7-billion-in-largest-bank-forfeiture-in-history-settles-criminal-madoff-charges/|title=J P Morgan Chase pays $1.7 billion and settles Madoff related criminal case|date=January 7, 2014|work=Forbes}}</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25641476 JP Morgan to pay $1.7bn to victims of the Madoff fraud] BBC January 7, 2014</ref>

Bharara's office also handled the criminal prosecutions of several employees at Madoff’s firm and their associates. They were convicted by a jury on March 24, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/03/24/5-former-madoff-employees-found-guilty-of-fraud/|title=Jury Says 5 Madoff Employees Knowingly Aided Swindle of Clients' Billions|last1=Abrams|first1=Rachel|last2=Henriques|first2=Diana |date=March 24, 2014 |access-date=March 12, 2017}}</ref>

==== Bank of America ====
In 2012, federal prosecutors under Bharara sued [[Bank of America]] for $1 billion, accusing the bank of carrying out a mortgage scheme that defrauded the government during the depths of the financial crisis in 2008.<ref name="Protess">{{cite news|last=Protess|first=Ben|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/10/24/federal-prosecutors-sue-bank-of-america-over-mortgage-program/|title=Federal Prosecutors Sue Bank of America Over Mortgage Program|date=October 24, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> In 2013, the jury found Bank of America liable for selling [[Fannie Mae]] and [[Freddie Mac]] thousands of defective loans in the first mortgage-fraud case brought by the U.S. government to go to trial.<ref>{{cite web|title= Statement Of Manhattan U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara On The Countrywide, Bank Of America, And Rebecca Mairone Verdict|url= http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/October13/BoAVerdictStatement.php/|publisher=Department of Justice|date=October 23, 2013}}</ref> The civil verdict also found the bank’s Countrywide Financial unit and former Countrywide executive Rebecca Mairone liable.<ref>{{cite news|title=B of A's Countrywide Found Liable for Defrauding Fannie Mae|url=http://washpost.bloomberg.com/Story?docId=1376-MV4ZPL6TTDST01-6UVBNL9Q27URGNPOQJN103OL25/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=October 24, 2013|access-date=May 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312064207/http://washpost.bloomberg.com/Story?docId=1376-MV4ZPL6TTDST01-6UVBNL9Q27URGNPOQJN103OL25%2F|archive-date=March 12, 2017|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> However, in 2016 the [[U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]] ruled that the finding of fact by the jury that low-quality mortgages were supplied by Countrywide to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac supported only "intentional breach of contract," not fraud. The action, for civil fraud, relied on provisions of the [[Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989#Use with respect to the subprime mortgage crisis|Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act]]. This decision turned on lack of intent to defraud at the time the contract to supply mortgages was made.<ref name="WSJ52316">{{cite news|author1=Aruna Viswanatha and Christina Rexrode|title=Bank of America Penalty Thrown Out in Crisis-Era 'Hustle' Case Appeals court says government didn't prove case, bank doesn't have to pay $1.27 billion|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/appeals-court-throws-out-1-27-billion-penalty-against-bank-of-america-1464018896|access-date=May 24, 2016|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=May 23, 2016}}</ref>

==== Russian money laundering fraud ====
In 2013, Bharara began investigating a [[money laundering]] fraud scheme in New York City operated by a Russian criminal organization.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financial-crime/10311071/Sheriff-of-Wall-Street-pursues-case-linked-to-death-of-Russian-lawyer.html|title='Sheriff of Wall Street' pursues case linked to death of Russian lawyer|work=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-22|language=en}}</ref> The alleged fraud links a $230 million Russian tax refund fraud scheme from 2008 to eleven U.S. real estate corporations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/manhattan-us-attorney-announces-civil-forfeiture-complaint-against-real-estate|title=Manhattan U.S. Attorney Announces Civil Forfeiture Complaint Against Real Estate Corporations Allegedly Involved In Laundering Proceeds Of Russian Tax Refund Fraud Scheme|website=www.justice.gov|date=May 13, 2015 |language=en|access-date=2017-03-22}}</ref> The underlying tax refund fraud was first discovered by whistleblower and Russian lawyer. His name was [[Sergei Magnitsky]], who was arrested under tax evasion charges, and within a year he was found dead in his prison cell—a suspicious circumstance.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-magnitsky-idUSBRE96A09V20130711|title=Russia convicts lawyer Magnitsky in posthumous trial|date=2017-07-11|work=Reuters|access-date=2017-03-22}}</ref>

In April 2013, Bharara authorized the FBI to raid the apartment of businessman [[Alimzhan Tokhtakhunov]] in [[Trump Tower]].<ref name="snyder91">{{cite book|last1=Snyder|first1=Timothy|author-link=Timothy Snyder|title=[[The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America]]|date=2018|publisher=The Bodley Head|location=London, U.K.|isbn=978-1-847-92526-8|pages=102–103|quote=Just a few weeks earlier, in April 2013, the FBI had arrested twenty-nine men suspected of running two gambling rings inside Trump Tower. According to investigators, the operation was overseen by Alimzhan Tokhtakhounov, a Russian citizen who also ran a money-laundering operation from a condo directly under Trump's own. As the FBI searched for him, Tokhtakhounov attended the Miss Universe pageant and sat a few seats away from Trump. (The United States attorney who had authorized the Trump Tower raid was Preet Bharara. Upon becoming president, Trump fired Bharara.)}}</ref>

On April 13, 2013, Bharara was on a list released by the [[Russian Federation]] containing Americans banned from entering the country over their alleged [[human rights violation]]s. The list was a direct response to the so-called [[Magnitsky Act|Magnitsky]] list made public by the United States, which included 18 Russians who were subject to asset freezes and visa bans.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/magnitsky-russia-ban-us/24957634.html|title=U.S. Officials On Russian Entry-Ban List|work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=April 15, 2013|via=www.rferl.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/russia-bans-american-officials-in-retaliatory-move/2013/04/13/9de797ae-a429-11e2-9c03-6952ff305f35_story.html|title=Russia retaliates against U.S., bans American officials|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=2017-03-22}}</ref>

On September 10, 2013, with help from the [[U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement|Immigration and Customs Enforcement]]’s Homeland Security Investigations and [[Cyrus Vance Jr.]], the District Attorney for New York County, Bharara's office announced that they had filed a [[Asset forfeiture|civil forfeiture]] complaint, freezing $24 million in assets.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financial-crime/10300395/New-York-freezes-24m-of-Magnitsky-fraud-assets.html|title=New York freezes $24m of Magnitsky fraud assets|work=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=March 22, 2017|language=en}}</ref>

==== Holocaust survivor fund fraud ====
During his first year in office, Bharara charged 17 managers and employees of the [[Claims Conference|Conference on Jewish Material Claims]] for defrauding Germany $42.5 million by creating thousands of false benefit applications for people who did not suffer in [[the Holocaust]]. This fraud, which had been occurring for 16 years, was related to the $400 million that Germany paid out each year to Holocaust survivors.<ref name="NYDaily News - Holocaust survivor fund fraud">{{cite news|first= Robert | last= Gearty|title=Holocaust survivor scam nets $42.5 million, 17 charged in swindle: prosecutors|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/holocaust-survivor-scam-nets-42-5-million-17-charged-swindle-prosecutors-article-1.453150|access-date= February 25, 2016|work=New York Daily News|date=November 9, 2010}}</ref><ref name= "CNN Bharara charges holocaust surviver fund">{{cite news| first=Vivienne | last= Foley|title= NY holocaust fund bilked of $42.5 million, prosecutor says|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/11/09/new.york.holocaust.fund.fraud/|access-date=February 25, 2016|work= CNN.com|date=November 12, 2010}}</ref>

==== Art fraud ====
During his time in office, Bharara oversaw multiple notable art-fraud cases including the $80-million [[Knoedler]] Gallery case, which was the largest art-fraud scheme in American history involving forged masterworks. of artists [[Mark Rothko]], [[Robert Motherwell]] and others.<ref name="FBOI-Rosales-pleads-guilty">{{cite web|title=Art Dealer Pleads Guilty in Manhattan Federal Court to $80 Million Fake Art Scam, Money Laundering, and Tax Charges|url=https://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2013/art-dealer-pleads-guilty-in-manhattan-federal-court-to-80-million-fake-art-scam-money-laundering-and-tax-charges|website=Federal Bureau of Investigation|publisher=U.S. Government|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref> Bharara brought charges in the $2.5-million case of John Re, a man from [[East Hampton, New York]], who sold forged artwork by [[Jackson Pollock]] and others<ref name=NewYorkTimes-Re1>Emma G. Fitzsimmons, "Seller of Art Fakes Pleads Guilty to Wire Fraud," The New York Times, Dec. 1, 2014</ref> and was sentenced to five years in federal prison.<ref name=EastHamptonStar-Re1>T.E. McMorrow, "Sentenced in Fake-Pollock Scam; John D. Re gets five years from federal judge for bilking unwary buyers," East Hampton Star, May 14, 2015</ref> Also Bharara charged [[Eric Spoutz]], an American [[art dealer]]. Spoutz was charged with selling hundreds of fake paintings falsely attributed to American masters. Spoutz was sentenced to 41 months in federal prison and ordered to forfeit the $1.45 million he made from the scheme and to pay $154,100 in restitution.<ref name=FBI1>"Forging Papers to Sell Fake Art," Federal Bureau of Investigation (press release), April 6, 2017</ref>

==== Toyota deferred prosecution ====
In March 2014, the U.S. Attorney's Office charged [[Toyota]] by information with one count of wire fraud for lying to consumers about two safety-related issues in the company’s cars, each of which caused [[2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls|unintended acceleration]]. Under the terms of a deferred prosecution agreement (DPA) that Toyota entered into the same day the information was filed, Toyota agreed to pay a $1.2-billion financial penalty, the largest criminal penalty ever imposed on an auto manufacturer. The company also admitted the truth of a detailed statement of facts accompanying the DPA, and agreed to submit to a three-year monitorship.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/20/business/toyota-reaches-1-2-billion-settlement-in-criminal-inquiry.html|title=Toyota Is Fined $1.2 Billion for Concealing Safety Defects|last1=Vlasic|first1=Bill|date=2014-03-19|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-03-22|last2=Apuzzo|first2=Matt|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

=== Public corruption ===
During his tenure, Bharara "successfully prosecuted a dozen current or former state legislators, as well as 15 local officials, party leaders, political consultants and fund-raisers, including two current or former New York City Council members. Only one was acquitted".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/12/nyregion/preet-bharara-politics-us-attorney.html|title=Preet Bharara Shunned Politics. His End Was Tinged by Them.|first1=Benjamin|last1=Weiser|first2=Ben|last2=Protess|first3=Matthew|last3=Goldstein|first4=William K.|last4=Rashbaum|date=March 13, 2017|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> Bharara charged Republican Senator [[Vincent Leibell]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lohud.com/story/news/politics/politics-on-the-hudson/2015/01/23/bharara-rips-albanys-cauldron-of-corruption/22237421/|title=Bharara rips Albany's "cauldron of corruption"|first=Joseph|last=Spector|website=The Journal News|date=January 23, 2015}}</ref> Democratic Senator [[Hiram Monserrate]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/exclusive-monserrate-to-face-federal-corruption-charges/1868481/|title=Monserrate Turns Himself in to Face Corruption Charges|first1=Jonathan|last1=Dienst|first2=Alice|last2=McQuillan|first3=Tim|last3=Minton |date=October 18, 2010|website=NBC News}}</ref> Democratic New York City Councilman [[Larry Seabrook]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wqxr.org/story/13180-nyc-councilman-charged-corruption|title=NYC Councilman Charged with Corruption|date=February 10, 2010|website=WQXR}}</ref> and Democratic Yonkers City Councilwoman Sandy Annabi.<ref>{{cite web|last=Glenza|first=Jessica|title=Jury Finds Yonkers Officials Guilty in Corruption Trial|url=http://rivertowns.dailyvoice.com/news/jury-finds-annabi-jereis-guilty-corruption|publisher=The Rivertowns Daily Voice|date=March 29, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sandy Annabi holds 'head up high' as she enters prison|url=http://newyork.newsday.com/nation/sandy-annabi-holds-head-up-high-as-she-enters-prison-1.4747092|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411121743/http://newyork.newsday.com/nation/sandy-annabi-holds-head-up-high-as-she-enters-prison-1.4747092|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 11, 2013|access-date=March 4, 2013|newspaper=Newsday Westchester|date=March 4, 2013}}</ref> Bharara’s office uncovered an alleged corruption ring involving New York State Senator [[Carl Kruger]], a Democrat. In April 2012, Kruger was sentenced to seven years in federal prison.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Former New York State Senator Carl Kruger Sentenced in Manhattan Federal Court to 7 Years in Prison for Bribery Schemes|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/April12/krugercarlandmichaelturanosentencing.html|publisher=U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York|access-date=May 4, 2012|date=April 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627074019/http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/April12/krugercarlandmichaelturanosentencing.html|archive-date=June 27, 2013|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In February 2011, Bharara announced the indictment of five consultants working on New York City’s electronic payroll and timekeeping project, [[CityTime payroll scandal|CityTime]], for misappropriating more than $80 million from the project.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Manhattan U.S. Attorney Announces Charges Against Four New Defendants in an Unprecedented Scheme to Defraud New York City in Connection with Citytime Project|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/June11/citytimes2indictmentpr.pdf|publisher=U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York|date=June 20, 2011|access-date=March 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226042743/http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/June11/citytimes2indictmentpr.pdf|archive-date=December 26, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

On April 2, 2013, Bharara unsealed federal corruption charges against Democratic New York State Senator [[Malcolm Smith (American politician)|Malcolm Smith]], Republican New York City Councilman [[Dan Halloran]], and several other Republican party officials. The federal complaint alleged that Smith attempted to secure a spot on the Republican ballot in the 2013 New York City mayoral election through bribery and fraud.<ref>{{cite press release |author= |title=Manhattan U.S. Attorney And FBI Assistant Director-In-Charge Announce Federal Corruption Charges Against New York State Senator Malcolm Smith And New York City Council Member Daniel Halloran |date=April 2, 2013 |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]], US Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/April13/SmithetalPR.php |access-date=April 2, 2013 }}</ref>

==== New York Moreland Commission ====
In 2014, Bharara's office began an inquiry into Gov. [[Andrew Cuomo]]'s decision to end the work of the [[Moreland Commission to Investigate Public Corruption|Moreland Commission]], an anticorruption panel. After a ''New York Times'' report documenting Cuomo's staff's involvement with the commission and subsequent statements by commissioners defending the Governor, Bharara warned of obstruction of justice and witness tampering.<ref name="The New York Times">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/01/nyregion/cuomo-responding-to-us-attorney-seeks-to-justify-recent-contacts-with-corruption-panel.html|title=Cuomo, Responding to U.S. Attorney, Seeks to Justify Recent Contacts With Corruption Panel|last1=Santora|first1=Marc|date=August 1, 2014|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref>

==== Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver ====
Bharara made national headlines after investigating 11-term [[Speaker of the New York State Assembly]] [[Sheldon Silver]], a Democrat, for taking millions of dollars in payoffs. Silver was arrested in January 2015.<ref>{{cite news|author1=William Rashbaum|author2=Thomas Kaplan|title=Sheldon Silver, Assembly Speaker, Took Millions in Payoffs, U.S. Says|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/nyregion/speaker-of-new-york-assembly-sheldon-silver-is-arrested-in-corruption-case.html|access-date=January 25, 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 22, 2015}}</ref> Silver was subsequently convicted on all counts, triggering his automatic expulsion from the Assembly.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Campanile |first1=Carl |title=Sheldon Silver elected to 11th term as speaker, despite probe |url=https://nypost.com/2015/01/07/sheldon-silver-elected-to-11th-term-as-speaker-despite-probe/ |access-date=February 23, 2015 |newspaper=New York Post |date=January 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/politics/2015/01/30/silver-to-resign-as-speaker-on-monday.html |title=Silver to Resign as Speaker on Monday |publisher=NY1 News |date=January 30, 2015 |access-date=January 30, 2015}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title = Sheldon Silver, Ex-New York Assembly Speaker, Is Found Guilty on All Counts|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/01/nyregion/sheldon-silver-guilty-corruption-trial.html|newspaper = The New York Times|date = November 30, 2015|access-date = November 30, 2015|first1 = Benjamin|last1 = Weiser|first2 = Susanne|last2 = Craig}}</ref> During the Silver prosecution, Judge [[Valerie Caproni]] criticized Bharara's public statements, writing that "while castigating politicians in Albany for playing fast and loose with the ethical rules that govern their conduct, Bharara strayed so close to the edge of the rules governing his own conduct."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stewart|first1=James B.|title=Some Fear Fallout From Preet Bharara's Tension With Judges|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/17/business/preet-bharara-and-federal-judges-trade-barbs-and-some-fear-consequences.html|work=The New York Times|date=16 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="Creating">{{cite news|last1=Bennett L. Gershman|title=Preet Bharara is an entertaining speaker, but he goes too far.|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2015/03/preet_bharara_on_sheldon_silver_the_prosecutor_could_prejudice_a_jury.html|access-date=December 16, 2015|work=Slate|date=March 2, 2015}}</ref>

====Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos====
Republican Senate Majority Leader [[Dean Skelos]] and his son, Adam Skelos, were arrested and charged with six counts of [[corruption]] on May 4, 2015. The criminal complaint included [[extortion]], [[fraud]], and [[Bribery|bribe]] solicitation charges. Bharara accused Skelos of taking official actions to benefit various businesses in return for payments to his son.<ref name="Craig">{{cite news |last=Craig |first=Susanne |date=May 4, 2015 |title=New York Senate Leader and Son Are Arrested on Corruption Charges |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/05/nyregion/dean-skelos-new-york-senate-leader-and-son-are-arrested-on-corruption-charges.html |newspaper=New York Times |access-date=June 28, 2016}}</ref> On May 28, 2015, Skelos and his son were indicted by a federal grand jury on six counts of bribery, extortion, [[Mail and wire fraud|wire fraud]], and conspiracy.<ref name="Rashbaum">{{cite news |last=Rashbaum |first=William K. |date=May 28, 2015 |title=Grand Jury Indicts Dean Skelos, Ex-New York Senate Leader, and Son in Corruption Case |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/29/nyregion/dean-skelos-ex-senate-leader-and-son-are-indicted-in-corruption-case.html |newspaper=New York Times |access-date=June 28, 2016}}</ref> In July 2015, in an expanded indictment, federal prosecutors added bribery charges.<ref>{{cite news |last=Orden |first=Erica |date=July 21, 2015 |title=Sen. Dean Skelos, Son Face New Charges in Extortion Case |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/sen-dean-skelos-son-face-new-charges-in-extortion-case-1437532100 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=June 28, 2016}}{{link note |note=subscription or log-in required}}</ref>

On December 11, 2015, a unanimous jury convicted Dean and Adam Skelos of all eight counts of bribery, extortion, and corruption. The trial verdict automatically terminated Dean Skelos from the state legislature.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rashbaum |first1=William K. |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |date=December 11, 2015 |title=Dean Skelos, Ex-New York Senate Leader, and His Son Are Convicted of Corruption |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/12/nyregion/dean-skelos-adam-skelos-guilty-corruption-trial.html?_r=0 |newspaper=New York Times |access-date=June 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ross |first1=Barbara |last2=Bekiempis |first2=Victoria |last3=Gregorian |first3=Dareh |date=December 11, 2015 |title=Dean Skelos guilty in corruption case; former state Senate Majority Leader and son now face up to 130 years in prison |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/dean-skelos-son-guilty-corruption-case-article-1.2463065 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=June 28, 2016}}</ref> On September 26, 2017, the [[U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]] vacated the convictions of the Skeloses and ordered a retrial.<ref name="2015ConvictionOverturned">Benjamin Weisner, [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/26/nyregion/dean-skelos-2015-corruption-conviction-overturned.html Dean Skelos's 2015 Corruption Conviction Is Overturned], ''New York Times'' (September 26, 2017).</ref> The retrial of Skelos and his son began on June 19, 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pressconnects.com/story/news/local/new-york/2018/06/19/corruption-retrial-begins-skelos-son/36181555/ |title=Corruption retrial begins for Skelos, son |website=Pressconnects.com |date=June 19, 2018}}</ref> Following a retrial, Skelos and his son were found guilty of eight felonies on July 17, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wgrz.com/article/news/crime/ex-senate-leader-dean-skelos-son-guilty-again/71-574768251 |title=Ex-Senate Leader Dean Skelos, son guilty again |website=wgrz.com |last=Campbell |first=Jon |date=July 17, 2018}}</ref> On October 23, 2018, Skelos was sentenced to four years and three months in federal prison.<ref name=NYTS>{{cite news |last1=Weiser |first1=Benjamin |last2=Wang |first2=Vivian |title=Dean Skelos, Ex-New York Senate Leader, Gets 4 Years and 3 Months in Prison |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/24/nyregion/dean-skelos-sentenced-prison-trial.html |access-date=October 25, 2018 |work=New York Times |date=October 25, 2018 |page=A24}}</ref>

=== Gang crimes and organized crime ===
From 2009 to 2014, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York has convicted more than 1,000 of approximately 1,300 people charged in 52 large-scale takedowns of [[street drug]] and [[drug trafficking organizations]].<ref name="BeekmanStreetGang">{{cite news|author=Daniel Beekman|title=Preet Bharara wages war on street gangs, reducing violence in hotspots for gang activity|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bharara-wages-war-street-gangs-article-1.1731521|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=March 24, 2014}}</ref> On lowering violent crime rates, Bharara has said, "You can measure the number of people arrested and the number of shootings, but success is when you lift the sense of intimidation and fear."<ref name="BeekmanStreetGang"/> Bharara also oversaw the largest criminal sweep of gangs in [[Newburgh, New York]], working with the FBI, the Department of Homeland Security's [[Immigration and Customs Enforcement]] and local law enforcement agencies to bring charges against members of the Newburgh [[Bloods]] and Newburgh [[Latin Kings (gang)|Latin Kings]] gangs, among others.<ref>{{cite press release|title=United States Charges 78 Members and Associates of Newburgh Bloods and Latin Kings with Narcotics-Trafficking Crimes|url=https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/newyork/press-releases/2010/nyfo051310a.htm|publisher=U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York|date=March 13, 2010}}</ref> In 2010, Bharara oversaw the prosecution of eight longshoremen on charges of participation in a multimillion-dollar [[cocaine trafficking]] enterprise along the [[Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor|Waterfront]], operated by a [[Illegal drug trade in Panama|Panamanian drug organization]].<ref>John Eligon, [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/06/nyregion/06longshore.html 8 Longshoremen Charged With Smuggling Cocaine], ''The New York Times'' (October 5, 2010).</ref><ref>Scott Shifrel, [http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/longshoremen-busted-helping-push-ton-panamanian-cocaine-ny-nj-port-article-1.189379 Longshoremen busted for helping push a ton of Panamanian cocaine through NY, NJ port], ''The New York Times'' (October 5, 2010).</ref>

In January 2011, Bharara's office participated in a multi-state organized crime takedown, charging 26 members of the [[Gambino crime family]] with [[racketeering]] and murder, as well as narcotics and firearms charges.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Manhattan U.S. Attorney Charges 26 Gambino Crime Family Leaders, Members, and Associates on Racketeering, Murder, Narcotics, Firearms, and Other Charges|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/January11/gambinotakedownpr.pdf|publisher=U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York|date=January 20, 2011|access-date=March 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410234401/http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/January11/gambinotakedownpr.pdf|archive-date=April 10, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> This action was part of a coordinated effort that also involved arrests in Brooklyn; [[Newark, New Jersey]], and [[Providence, Rhode Island]]; according to the FBI, this was the largest single-day operation against the [[Italian-American Mafia|Mafia]] in U.S. history.<ref>
*[https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/91-leaders-members-and-associates-la-cosa-nostra-families-four-districts-charged-racketeering 91 Leaders, Members and Associates of La Cosa Nostra Families in Four Districts Charged with Racketeering and Related Crimes, Including Murder and Extortion], United States Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs (January 20, 2011).
*William K. Rashbaum, [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/21/nyregion/21mob.html Nearly 125 Arrested in Sweeping Mob Roundup], ''The New York Times'' (January 20, 2011).</ref> In August 2016, Bharara's office charged 46 leaders, members, and associates of [[La Cosa Nostra]]&mdash;including four out of the [[Five Families]] (Gambino, [[Genovese family|Genovese]], [[Lucchese family|Lucchese]], and [[Bonanno family|Bonanno]])&mdash;in an extensive racketeering conspiracy.<ref>
*[https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/manhattan-us-attorney-charges-46-leaders-members-and-associates-several-organized-crime 46 Leaders, Members, and Associates of Several Organized Crime Families Of La Cosa Nostra With Wide-Ranging Racketeering Charges] (press release), United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York (August 4, 2016).
*Eli Rosenberg, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/05/nyregion/mafia-five-families-racketeering-conspiracy.html 46 Charged in Mafia Racketeering Conspiracy], ''The New York Times'' (August 4, 2016).</ref>

At a news conference on September 7, 2016 following the arrests of Shimen Liebowitz and Aharon Goldberg, which were two [[rabbi]]s implicated in the [[Kiryas Joel murder conspiracy]], Bharara called it a "chilling plot," wherein the plotters "met repeatedly to plan the kidnapping and to pay more than $55,000 to an individual they believed would carry it out."<ref name="Orthodox Jewish">Gajanan, Mahita (September 7, 2016). [https://time.com/4483189/orthodox-jewish-men-arrested-kidnap-murder-plot/ "Rabbi and Orthodox Jewish Man Plotted to Kidnap and Murder Husband to Get Divorce for his Wife, Officials Say"], ''Time''</ref><ref>(September 7, 2016). [https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/manhattan-us-attorney-announces-arrest-rabbi-and-member-satmar-community-conspiring "Manhattan U.S. Attorney Announces Arrest of Rabbi and Member of Satmar Community for Conspiring to Kidnap and Murder"], ''United States Department of Justice''</ref> The rabbis were convicted and sentenced to prison in 2017.<ref>Eberhart, Christopher J. (December 1, 2017). [https://www.lohud.com/story/news/crime/2017/11/30/rockland-kidnap-murder-plot/911339001/ "Rockland Man Among Three Sentenced for Kidnap and Murder Plot"], ''lohud''</ref>

=== Terrorism prosecutions ===
Under Bharara, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York "won a string of major terrorism trials."<ref name="WeiserProtess">{{cite news|last1=Weiser|first1=Benjamin|last2=Protess|first2=Ben|title=In Five Years, a Federal Prosecutor Has Taken On Terrorism, Corruption and Cuomo|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/19/nyregion/in-five-years-in-office-us-prosecutor-touches-new-yorks-biggest-story-lines.html|access-date=30 March 2017|work=The New York Times|date=August 19, 2014|page=A17}}</ref> Bharara was an advocate of trying terrorists in civilian federal courts rather than in the [[Guantanamo military commissions|military commissions]] at the [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]]. He contrasted his office's record of successfully convicting terrorists with the lengthy, secretive, and inefficient Guantanamo practice.<ref name="WeiserProtess"/> In a 2014 interview, Bharara said the historical record would show that "greater transparency and openness and legitimacy" leads to "more serious and appropriate punishment."<ref name="WeiserProtess"/> Citing his success in terrorism trials, Bharara stated: "These trials have been difficult, but they have been fair and open and prompt...in an American civilian courtroom, the American people and all the victims of terrorism can be vindicated without sacrificing our principles."<ref name="MostafaConvicted">Benjamin Wesier, [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/10/nyregion/british-cleric-sentenced-to-life-in-prison-in-terror-case.html Life Sentence for British Cleric Who Helped Plan 1998 Kidnappings in Yemen], ''The New York Times'' (January 9, 2015).</ref>

Some of the high-profile terrorist figures convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment during Bharara's term include [[Sulaiman Abu Ghaith]], Osama bin Laden's son-in-law;<ref>Benjamin Weiser, [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/24/nyregion/abu-ghaith-a-bin-laden-adviser-is-sentenced-to-life-in-prison.html Abu Ghaith, a Bin Laden Adviser, Is Sentenced to Life in Prison], ''The New York Times'' (September 23, 2014).</ref> They also included [[Khalid al-Fawwaz]] and [[Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani]], Osama bin Laden aides who plotted the [[1998 United States embassy bombings]] that killed 224 people;<ref>Denis Slattery, [http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/preet-bharara-nailed-criminals-dirty-pols-terrorists-article-1.2994834 Manhattan U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara has nailed countless criminals from thieving politicians to terrorists], ''New York Daily News'' (March 10, 2017).</ref><ref>Joseph Ax, [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-security-fawwaz-idUSKBN0O01LF20150515 Saudi man gets life in U.S. prison for ties to Africa embassy bombings], Reuters (May 15, 2015).</ref><ref>David Ariosto, [http://www.cnn.com/2011/CRIME/01/25/new.york.guantanamo.sentencing/ Guantanamo detainee sentenced to life for Africa bombings], CNN (January 25, 2011).</ref> [[Abu Hamza al-Masri|Mostafa Kamel Mostafa]], a cleric who masterminded the 1998 kidnappings of 16 American, British and Australian tourists in Yemen;<ref name="MostafaConvicted"/> and [[Faisal Shahzad]], the [[2010 Times Square car bombing attempt|attempted Times Square bomber]].<ref name="SullivanHosenball">Andy Sullivan & Mark Hosenball, [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-justice-idUSKBN16I0PZ Top U.S. prosecutor says he is fired by Trump administration], Reuters (March 11, 2017).</ref> Bharara also won a massive conviction and 25-year sentence for international arms smuggler [[Viktor Bout]].<ref name="SullivanHosenball"/>

=== Cybercrime ===
In June 2012, ''[[The New York Times]]'' published an op-ed written by Bharara about the threat posed to private industry by [[cybercrime]] and encouraged corporate leaders to take preventive measures and create [[contingency plan]]s.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bharara|first=Preet|title=Asleep at the Laptop|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/04/opinion/preventing-a-cybercrime-wave.html?_r=1|access-date=June 4, 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 4, 2012}}</ref>

Bharara's tenure saw a number of notable prosecutions for [[Security hacker|computer hacking]]:
*Bharara's office worked with [[Hector Xavier Monsegur]] ("Sabu"), a computer hacker who later became a federal informant. Because Monsegur's cooperation "helped the authorities infiltrate the shadowy world of computer hacking and disrupt at least 300 cyberattacks on targets that included the United States military," Bharara's office recommended a greatly reduced sentence to the judge, and in 2014 Monsegur was freed with only some of the [[time served]].<ref>Benjamin Weiser, [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/28/nyregion/hacker-who-helped-disrupt-cyberattacks-is-allowed-to-walk-free.html Hacker Who Helped Disrupt Cyberattacks Is Allowed to Walk Free], ''The New York Times'' (May 27, 2014).</ref>
*In May 2014, Bharara's office was part of an international crackdown, led by the FBI and authorities in 19 countries, on the "[[Blackshades]]" [[creepware]] hacking, in which hackers illicitly access users' systems remotely to steal information.<ref>Evan Perez, Shimon Prokupecz & Tom Cohen, [http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/19/justice/us-global-hacker-crackdown/ More than 90 people nabbed in global hacker crackdown], CNN (May 19, 2014).</ref>
*In November 2015, Bharara's office charged three Israeli men in a 23-count indictment that alleged that they ran an extensive computer hacking and fraud scheme that targeted [[JPMorgan Chase]], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', and ten other companies. According to prosecutors, the operation generated "hundreds of millions of dollars of illegal profit" and exposed the personal information of more than 100 million people.<ref>Jonathan Stempel & Nate Raymond, [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hacking-indictment-idUSKCN0SZ1VM20151110 U.S. charges three in huge cyberfraud targeting JPMorgan, others], Reuters (November 10, 2015).</ref>
*In May 2016, Bharara's office secured a guilty plea from Alonzo Knowles, a [[Bahamas|Bahamian]] man who had hacked into the email accounts of celebrities and athletes in order to steal unreleased movie and television scripts, unreleased music, "nude and intimate images and videos," financial documents, and other personal and sensitive information. Knowles was sentenced to five years in prison.<ref>Benjamin Weiser, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/06/nyregion/alonzo-knowles-celebrity-hacker.html Man Who Hacked Celebrities' Email Accounts Gets 5 Years in Prison], ''The New York Times'' (December 6, 2016).</ref>
*In November 2016, Bharara's office filed charges against a [[Phoenix, Arizona]] man, Jonathan Powell, for hacking into thousands of email accounts at [[Pace University]] and another university and mining those accounts for users' confidential information.<ref>Nate Raymond, [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cyber-universities-idUSKBN12X2MG Arizona man arrested for hacking email accounts at universities], Reuters (November 2, 2016).</ref>
*In December 2016, Bharara's office charged three Chinese citizens with hacking into the system of New York law firms advising on [[mergers and acquisitions]], and making more than $4 million by trading on information they gained.<ref>Leslie Picker, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/27/business/dealbook/new-york-hacking-law-firms-insider-trading.html 3 Men Made Millions by Hacking Merger Lawyers, U.S. Says], ''The New York Times'' (December 27, 2016).</ref>
*Also in December 2016, Bharara's office charged an executive of the Pakistani-based company [[Axact]] with conspiracy to commit wire fraud and aggravated [[identity theft]] in connection. Prosecutors say that the company carried out a $140 million [[diploma mill]] that defrauded thousands of consumers across the world.<ref>Rezaul H. Laskar, [http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/us-attorney-bharara-charges-pakistani-man-in-140-mn-fake-diploma-mill-scam/story-itjEXigyi6qYVXZaG3RasO.html US attorney Bharara charges Pakistani man in $140-mn fake diploma mill scam], ''Hindustan Times'' (December 22, 2016).</ref>

Bharara moved to shut down several of the world's largest [[Internet poker]] companies.<ref>Nathan Vardi, [https://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanvardi/2011/04/15/founders-of-worlds-biggest-online-poker-companies-indicted/#7fe3032aaca9 U.S. Government Moves To Shut Down World's Biggest Online Poker Companies], ''Forbes'' (April 15, 2011).</ref> He prosecuted several payment processors for Internet poker companies. He effectively secured guilty pleas for [[money laundering]].<ref>[https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/newyork/press-releases/2012/payment-processor-for-internet-poker-companies-pleads-guilty-in-manhattan-federal-court-to-bank-fraud-money-laundering-and-gambling-offenses Payment Processor for Internet Poker Companies Pleads Guilty in Manhattan Federal Court to Bank Fraud, Money Laundering, and Gambling Offenses] (press release), U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York (February 28, 2012)</ref><ref>[https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/newyork/press-releases/2012/payment-processor-for-online-poker-companies-pleads-guilty-to-laundering-internet-poker-funds Payment Processor for Online Poker Companies Pleads Guilty to Laundering Internet Poker Funds] (press release), U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York (January 12, 2012)</ref> In April 2011, Bharara charged 11 founding members of internet gambling companies and their associates involved with pay processing with bank fraud, money laundering and illegal gambling under the [[Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006]] (UIGEA). The case is ''[[United States v. Scheinberg]]''.<ref name=bloomberg_20110415>{{cite news | last1=Hurtado | first1=Patricia | last2=Van Voris |first2=Bob | title=Eleven Charged in Manhattan for Fraud in Online-Gambling Money Laundering | work=Bloomberg | date=April 15, 2011 | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-15/internet-poker-entrepreneurs-charged-with-fraud-money-laundering-by-u-s-.html | access-date=April 26, 2011}}</ref>

=== Devyani Khobragade incident ===
{{main|Devyani Khobragade incident}}
Bharara and his office came to the limelight again in December 2013 with the arrest of [[Devyani Khobragade]], the Deputy Consul General of India in New York, who was accused by prosecutors of submitting false work visa documents for her housekeeper and paying the housekeeper "far less than the [[Minimum wage in the United States|minimum legal wage]]."<ref name="Harris">{{cite news|author=Gardiner Harris|title=Outrage in India, and Retaliation, Over a Female Diplomat's Arrest in New York|date=December 17, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/18/world/asia/outrage-in-india-over-female-diplomats-arrest-in-new-york.html|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> The ensuing incident caused protests from the Indian government and a rift in [[India–United States relations]]; Indians expressed outrage that Khobragade was strip-searched (a routine practice for all [[United States Marshals Service|U.S. Marshals Service]] arrestees) and held in the general inmate population.<ref name="Harris"/> The Indian government retaliated for what it viewed as the mistreatment of its consular official by revoking the ID cards and other privileges of U.S. consular personnel and their families in India and removing security barriers in front of the [[U.S. Embassy in New Delhi]].<ref name=DB4>{{cite news|title=India removes U.S. Embassy security barriers in spat|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-india-diplomat-idUSBRE9BG1A820131218|access-date=December 29, 2013|work=Reuters|date=December 18, 2013}}</ref>

Khobragade was subject to prosecution at the time of her arrest because she had only [[consular immunity]] (this which gives one [[immunity from prosecution]] only for acts committed in connection with official duties) and not the more extensive [[diplomatic immunity]].<ref name="Harris"/><ref name="McKelvey">Tara McKelvey, [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-25458531 Who, What, Why: Does Devyani Khobragade have diplomatic immunity?], BBC News (December 19, 2013).</ref> After her arrest, the Indian government moved Khobragade to the Indian's mission to the U.N., upgrading her status and conferring diplomatic immunity on her; as a result, the federal indictment against Khobragade was dismissed in March 2014, although the door was left open to refiling of charges.<ref>Jonathan Stempel & Shyamantha Asokan, [https://www.reuters.com/article/india-usa-diplomat-idINL2N0M92BW20140313 Update 3 – Indian diplomat in U.S. row wins indictment dismissal], Reuters (March 13, 2014).</ref> A new indictment was filed against Khobragade, but by that point she had left the country.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/new-indictment-filed-against-indian-diplomat-devyani-khobragade-in-us-visa-fraud-case/2014/03/14/0074dd80-abb0-11e3-adbc-888c8010c799_story.html New indictment filed against Indian diplomat Devyani Khobragade in U.S. visa-fraud case], ''Washington Post'' (March 14, 2014).</ref>

Speaking at [[Harvard Law School]] during its 2014 Class Day ceremony, Bharara said that it was the [[U.S. Department of State]], rather than his office that initiated and investigated proceedings against Khobragade and who asked his office to prosecute.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/preet-bharara-talks-khobragade-case-at-harvard-law-school-195294-2014-06-01|title=Preet Bharara talks Khobragade case at Harvard Law School| publisher=India Today| date=June 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/international/bharara-talks-khobragade-case-114060100160_1.html|title=Bharara talks Khobragade case| publisher=Business Standard & Press Trust of India| date=June 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/bharara-says-upset-by-criticism/|title=Bharara says upset by criticism| publisher=Indian Express| date=June 1, 2014}}</ref>

=== ''Reason'' magazine subpoena ===
During Bharara's term, the U.S. Attorney's Office investigated six Internet comments made on the website of ''[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]'' magazine in which anonymous readers made comments about U.S. District Judge [[Katherine B. Forrest]] of the [[Southern District of New York]] like "Its [sic] judges like these that should be taken out back and shot" and "Why waste ammunition? Wood chippers get the message across clearly." (The comments were made under an article in the magazine of Forrest's sentencing of [[Silk Road (marketplace)|Silk Road]] owner [[Ross William Ulbricht]] to life in prison without parole.) In June 2015, a [[federal grand jury]] issued a subpoena to the [[libertarian]] magazine, demanding that it provide identifying information for the commenters.<ref name="WSJ">{{cite news| url=https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2015/06/09/reason-magazine-subpoenaed-over-reader-comments-on-silk-road-judge/|title=Reason magazine subpoenaed over reader comments on Silk Road judge|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal| date=June 9, 2015}}</ref><ref name="DB5">{{cite news| url=http://reason.com/blog/2015/06/19/government-stifles-speech|title=How Government Stifled Reason's Free Speech| publisher=Reason| date=June 19, 2015}}</ref> Following the issuance of the subpoena, federal prosecutors applied for an order from a [[U.S. magistrate judge]] forbidding the magazine from disclosing the existence of the subpoena to the commenters.<ref name="DB5"/>

The subpoena became public after being obtained by [[Popehat]]'s Ken White.<ref name="WSJ"/> The nondisclosure order caused controversy, with critics saying that it infringed the constitutional right to free speech<ref name="Clifford">Stephanie Clifford, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/01/nyregion/prosecutorssecrecy-orders-on-subpoenas-stir-constitutional-questions.html Prosecutors' Secrecy Orders on Subpoenas Stir Constitutional Questions], ''The New York Times'' (January 1, 2016).</ref> and questioning whether the comments were actually serious threats or merely hyperbolic "[[Internet trolling|trolling]]."<ref>
*{{cite news| url=http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-06-09/reason-magazine-subpoena-stomps-on-free-speech|title=Reason Magazine Subpoena Stomps on Free Speech| publisher=Bloomberg View| date=June 9, 2015}}
*{{cite news|last1=Welch|first1=Matt|title=There's a special place for those who quash hyperbole in online comments|url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-welch-reason-magazine-gag-order-20150628-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=27 June 2015}}
*{{cite news|title=Glenn Reynolds: U.S. attorney chills Reason-able speech|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2015/06/21/reason-magazine-free-speech-suppression-column/29070279/|work=USA Today|language=en}}
*{{cite news| url=https://www.wired.com/2015/06/feds-want-id-web-trolls-threatened-silk-road-judge/|title=Feds Want to ID Web Trolls Who 'Threatened' Silk Road Judge| publisher=Wired| date=June 8, 2015}}</ref> Federal prosecutors dropped the matter as moot.<ref name="Clifford"/> ''Reason'' magazine editors [[Matt Welch]] and [[Nick Gillespie]] characterized the subpoena and nondisclosure order as "suppressing the speech of journalistic outlets known to be critical of government overreach."<ref name="DB5"/>

=== Dismissal ===
{{See also|2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys}}

Following the [[United States presidential election|2016 election]], Bharara met with then-[[President elect of the United States|president-elect]] [[Donald Trump]] at [[Trump Tower]] in November 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2016/11/30/donald-trump-to-meet-with-preet-bharara/|title=Donald Trump to meet with Preet Bharara|last1=Schram|first1=Jamie|last2=Whitehouse|first2=Kaja|date=November 30, 2016|newspaper=[[New York Post]]|access-date=March 13, 2017}}</ref> Bharara said that Trump asked him to remain as U.S. Attorney, and he agreed to stay on.<ref>{{cite web|author=Victoria Bekiempis & Adam Edelman|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/trump-meet-manhattan-attorney-preet-bharara-source-article-1.2892952|title=Preet Bharara will stay on as US Attorney at Trump's request|newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]|date=November 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>Matthew Nussbaum, [https://www.politico.com/blogs/donald-trump-administration/2016/11/manhattan-us-attorney-preet-bharara-to-meet-trump-232003 Trump opts to keep Preet Bharara as U.S. attorney for Manhattan], ''Politico'' (November 30, 2016).</ref>

On March 10, 2017, [[U.S. Attorney General]] [[Jeff Sessions]] ordered all 46 remaining [[United States Attorney]]s who were holdovers from the [[Obama administration]], including Bharara, to submit letters of resignation.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Kenneth Lovett |author2=Victoria Bekiempis |author3=Nancy Dillon |newspaper=New York Daily News|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ag-jeff-sessions-asks-46-u-s-attorneys-resign-article-1.2994635|title=AG Sessions seeks 46 U.S. attorney resignations including Bharara|date=March 10, 2017}}</ref> Bharara declined to resign. He was fired the next day from Trump's administration.<ref name="CNNStandoff">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/11/politics/bharara-not-resigning/index.html|title=US Attorney Bharara fired in standoff with Trump|author1=Laura Jarrett |author2=Jake Tapper |publisher=CNN|date=March 12, 2017}}</ref><ref name="BuzzFired">{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/davidmack/preet-bharara|title=Federal Prosecutor Preet Bharara Fired After Refusing To Comply With Trump Admin Order To Resign |last1=Mack |first1=David |date=March 11, 2017 |work=BuzzFeed |access-date=March 11, 2017 |last2=Geidner |first2=Chris}}</ref> He was succeeded by his deputy attorney, [[Joon Kim]], as acting U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York.<ref name="CNNStandoff"/><ref name="BuzzFired"/>

In a public statement at the time, Bharara said that serving as U.S. Attorney was "the greatest honor of my professional life" and that "one hallmark of justice is absolute independence and that was my touchstone every day that I served". There were expressions of dismay over the firing from [[Howard Dean]], U.S. Senators [[Chuck Schumer]] and [[Elizabeth Warren]], as well as from New York State Republican Assemblymen Steve McLaughlin and Brian Kolb, the Assembly Minority Leader.<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/democrats-republicans-condemn-us-attorney-preet-bharara-fired/story?id=46075693 Democrats, some Republicans, condemn Preet Bharara being 'fired'], ''[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]'', David Caplan & Michael Edison Hayden, Mar 12, 2017. Retrieved March 14, 2017.</ref>

On June 13, 2017, [[ProPublica]] reported that in the spring of 2017, Trump's personal attorney [[Marc Kasowitz]] told associates that he had been responsible for getting Bharara fired. Kasowitz reportedly had warned Trump, "This guy is going to get you."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-personal-lawyer-boasted-that-he-got-preet-bharara-fired|title=Trump's Personal Lawyer Boasted That He Got Preet Bharara Fired|last1=Eisinger|first1=Jesse|last2=Elliott|first2=Justin|date=June 13, 2017|publisher=[[ProPublica]]|access-date=June 13, 2017}}</ref> In September 2017, however, Bharara said a series of conversational telephone calls from Trump made him increasingly uncomfortable about the appearance of potential improper contact between his office and the Trump office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vVk1QNTQ4OTczNDcwMg/episode/aHR0cDovL3d3dy53bnljLm9yZy9zdG9yeS90aGF0LXRpbWUtcHJlc2lkZW50LXRydW1wLWZpcmVkLW1lLWxlb24tcGFuZXR0YS8?ep=14|title=That Time President Trump Fired Me|date=September 19, 2017|via=podcasts.google.com}}</ref> Bharara added that he finally refused to take a telephone call from Trump and was dismissed 22 hours later.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/bharara-says-trump-phone-calls-made-him-uncomfortable/2017/06/11/53d4b090-4ebe-11e7-91eb-9611861a988f_story.html|title=Bharara says Trump phone calls made him uncomfortable|first1=Sandhya|last1=Somashekhar|first2=Jenna|last2=Johnson|date=June 11, 2017|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref>

== Later career and other endeavors ==
On April 1, 2017, Bharara joined [[New York University School of Law]] as a distinguished scholar in residence.<ref name="NYU">{{Cite news |url=http://fortune.com/2017/03/21/preet-bharara-nyu-law-school/ |title=Preet Bharara, the U.S. Attorney Ousted by Trump, Already Has a New Job |last=Abramson |first=Alana |magazine=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|date=March 21, 2017 | access-date=April 10, 2017}}</ref>

In September 2017, Bharara started a weekly [[podcast]] called "Stay Tuned with Preet", which features long-form interviews with prominent guests.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cafe.com/ss_series/stay-tuned/|title=Stay Tuned with Preet|website=cafe.com}}</ref> In 2018, Bharara started a second podcast with former New Jersey Attorney General and fellow law professor [[Anne Milgram]], "Cafe Insider", which also provides legal commentary on the latest news.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafe.com/cafe-insider-episode1/|title=CAFE Insider, 11/9: Sessions Out. Whitaker In. What's next for Mueller? - CAFE|work=CAFE |date=November 8, 2018}}</ref> After Milgram was nominated by President [[Joe Biden]] to serve as Administrator of the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]], she was replaced as co-host with former U.S. Attorney for the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama|Northern District of Alabama]] [[Joyce Vance]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Vox |date=2021-04-19 |title=Joyce Vance Named Co-Host for the Cafe Insider Podcast |url=https://www.voxmedia.com/2021/4/19/22392173/joyce-vance-named-co-host-for-the-cafe-insider-podcast |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=Vox Media |language=en}}</ref>

Bharara was an [[executive producer]] on the [[Zeshan B]] 2024 album, ''O Say, Can You See?''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aswad |first=Jem |date=2024-06-10 |title=Singer Zeshan B and Preet Bharara: Meet the Odd Couple Behind a New Album That Combines Classic R&B, Social Justice and Urdu Music |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/zeshan-preet-bharara-album-1236029217/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>

As of 2025, Bharara is a partner at the [[Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr|WilmerHale]] law firm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.law.com/njlawjournal/2025/05/09/wilmers-preet-bharara-billing-400-per-hour-for-nj-ag-investigation/?slreturn=20250518105821|title=Wilmer's Preet Bharara Billing $400 Per Hour for NJ AG Investigation|website=New Jersey Law Journal|last=O'Brien|first=Amanda|date=May 9, 2025}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
The [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] television series ''[[Billions (TV show)|Billions]]'' gives a fictional portrayal of the U.S. Attorney's Office of the Southern District of New York's prosecution of financial crimes.<ref>Eric Orden, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/manhattan-u-s-attorney-preet-bhararas-office-gets-hollywood-treatment-in-showtime-series-1451947972 Manhattan U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara's Office Gets Hollywood Treatment in Showtime Series], ''Wall Street Journal'' (January 5, 2016).</ref> The series is loosely based on the investigation of hedge fund manager [[Steve Cohen (businessman)|Steven A. Cohen]] of [[S.A.C. Capital Advisors]] by Bharara's office.<ref name="CalvarioGig">Liz Calvario, [https://deadline.com/2017/03/billions-creators-react-trump-firing-preet-bharara-1202041746/ 'Billions' Creators React To Trump Firing U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara, Offer Him Gig On Showtime Series], ''Deadline Hollywood'' (March 11, 2017).</ref><ref>Joi-Marie McKenzie, [https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/billions-creators-react-firing-us-attorney-preet-bharara/story?id=46079196 'Billions' creators react to the firing of U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara], ABC News (March 12, 2017).</ref> The show's fictional SDNY U.S. Attorney Charles "Chuck" Rhoades Jr., played by [[Paul Giamatti]], was partly inspired by Bharara.<ref name="CalvarioGig"/><ref>Cynthia Littleton, [https://variety.com/2017/biz/news/preet-bharara-donald-trump-fired-billions-1202007101/ Trump's Firing of New York U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara Evokes 'Billions'], ''Variety'' (March 11, 2017).</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Preet Bahara 2012 Shankbone.JPG|thumb|Bharara with his wife at the [[2012 Time 100]] gala]]
Bharara is married to Dalya Bharara, a non-practicing attorney. As of 2016, the Bhararas lived in [[Scarsdale, New York]] with their three children.<ref>Jeffrey Toobin, [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/09/the-man-who-terrifies-wall-street The Showman: How U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara struck fear into Wall Street and Albany], ''New Yorker'' (May 9, 2016).</ref> In interviews, Bharara "has reflected on his family's diverse religious heritage: Sikh (his father), Hindu (his mother), Muslim (his wife's father) and Jewish (his wife's grandmother)."<ref name="Altman2009">Alex Altman, Randy James & M.J. Stephey, [https://content.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1939274,00.html 9/11 Prosecutor Preet Bharara], ''Time'' (November 13, 2009).</ref>

Bharara is a [[Voter registration|registered]] Democrat but "not considered a strong partisan."<ref name="Altman2009"/>

Bharara's younger brother Vinit "Vinnie" Bharara, also a graduate of Columbia Law School, is an entrepreneur. Vinnie Bharara and [[Marc Lore]] co-founded Quidsi, the parent company of [[Diapers.com]] and Soap.com, which they sold in 2010 to [[Amazon.com]] for $540 million.<ref>Jason Horowitz, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/when-preet-bharara-speaks-the-shady-get-nervous/2013/04/04/07069a92-9d5d-11e2-9a79-eb5280c81c63_story.html When Preet Bharara speaks, the shady get nervous], ''Washington Post'' (April 4, 2013).</ref><ref>Peter Lattiman, [https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/06/09/the-bhararas-join-an-elite-band-of-brothers/ The Fabulous Bharara Boys], ''The New York Times'' (June 9, 2011).</ref>

Bharara is a fan of [[Bruce Springsteen]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cityandstateny.com/articles/politics/new-york-state-articles/preet-bharara-dishes-on-springsteen,-yankees-and-his-legal-role-models.html#.WMa6UoWcE2w|title=Preet Bharara dishes on Springsteen, Yankees and his legal role models|last=State|first=City &|website=cityandstateny.com|date=September 21, 2016 |language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-13}}</ref> The admiration seems to be reciprocal as at an October 2012 concert in [[Hartford, Connecticut]] Springsteen shouted, "This is for Preet Bharara!" before launching into his song "[[Death to My Hometown]]".<ref name="New York Times">{{cite news|last=Lattman|first=Peter|title=The Bruce-Bharara Bromance|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/11/01/the-bruce-bharara-bromance/ |access-date=November 1, 2012|work=The New York Times|date=November 1, 2012}}</ref>

== Works ==
* {{cite book |last=Bharara |first=Preet |date=March 19, 2019 |title=Doing Justice: A Prosecutor's Thoughts on Crime, Punishment, and the Rule of Law |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/567283/doing-justice-by-preet-bharara/|location=New York |publisher=Knopf |isbn=9780525521129 |oclc=1073034857}}
* {{cite book |last=Bharara |first=Preet |date=January 25, 2022 |title=Justice Is... A Guide for Young Truth Seekers |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/625338/justice-is-by-preet-bharara-illustrated-by-sue-cornelison|location=New York |publisher=Crown Books for Young Readers |isbn=9780593176627}}

== See also ==
* [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan region]]
* [[Legal affairs of the first Donald Trump presidency ]]

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{Twitter|id=PreetBharara|name=Preet Bharara}}
* [https://bsky.app/profile/preetbharara.bsky.social Preet Bharara on Bluesky]
* [https://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/ U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York Official Website]
* [https://www.nyattorneydata.com/attorney/2643955/preetinder-s-bharara NY Attorney Data]
* [https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/10/24/federal-prosecutors-sue-bank-of-america-over-mortgage-program DealBook]
* [http://www.wnyc.org/shows/preetbharara ''Stay Tuned with Preet''] from [[WNYC]]
* {{C-SPAN|63450}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-legal}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Lev L. Dassin|Lev Dassin]] Acting}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York]]|years=2009–2017}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Joon Kim]] Acting}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharara, Preet}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century American lawyers]]
[[Category:American people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:American Sikhs]]
[[Category:Columbia Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard College alumni]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Insider trading]]
[[Category:New York (state) Democrats]]
[[Category:People associated with Gibson Dunn]]
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Kuttikrishna Marar

2026-02-28T05:32:53Z

KINGRON: add article also as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Kuttikrishna Marar
| image = Kuttikrishnamarar.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1900|6|15}}
| birth_place = [[Triprangode]], British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1973|4|6|1900|6|15}}
| death_place = [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| occupation = Writer, Literary Critic
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = Bharatha Paryaadanam, Kala Jeevitam thanne, Malayala Saili
| spouse = Narayanikutty Marasyar
| partner =
| children =
| relatives = {{ubl|Karikkatt Marathu Krishna Marar (father)|Lakshmikutty Marasyar (mother)}}
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = {{ubl|1966 [[Sahitya Akademi Award]]|1966 [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]}}
}}
'''Kizhakke Marathu Kuttikrishna Marar''' (15 June 1900 – 6 April 1973) was an Indian essayist and literary critic of [[Malayalam literature]]. He was known for ''Bharathaparyaadanam'', a critical study of the [[Mahabharata]], which is counted by many among the most influential books in Malayalam and was a recipient of the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] and [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]].

== Biography ==
Kuttikrishna Marar was born on 15 June 1900 in [[Triprangode]], in [[Malappuram district]] of the south Indian state of [[Kerala]] to Karikkatt Marathu Krishna Marar and kizhakke Marattu Lakshmikutty Marasyar.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/KuttikrishnaMarar/Html/Marargraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-02-08 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref> He learnt percussion, which was the family profession, along with drawing as early education but his life took a turn when he joined [[Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College Pattambi]] where he had the opportunity to study under two known teachers, Punnassery Nambi and Shambu Sharma. Subsequently, he passed the Sahityashiromani examination and started his career as Sahithyacharya at the [[Kerala Kalamandalam]] where he worked alongside [[Vallathol Narayana Menon]] for 15 years, during which period, he published many of his writings.<ref name="Kuttikrishna Marar - Veethi profile">{{Cite web |url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/kuttikrishna_marar-profile-2252-25.htm |title=Kuttikrishna Marar - Veethi profile |date=2019-02-08 |website=veethi.com |access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref> He was able to find himself a mentor under [[Nalapat Narayana Menon]]. From 1938 to 1961 he was the proofreader of the Malayalam daily newspaper, ''[[Mathrubhumi]]''.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

Marar married Kizhakkemarath Narayanikutty Marasyar in 1924 and they had seven children in that four sons and three daughters.<ref name="വിമർശകന്റെ ജീവിതപര്യടനം">{{Cite web |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/news/features/kuttikrishna-marar-bharatha-paryatanam-sujatha/ |title=വിമർശകന്റെ ജീവിതപര്യടനം |date=2018-06-14 |website=Indian Express Malayalam |language=ml |access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref> Towards the later part of his life, he was more inclined to spiritual pursuits. He died on 6 April 1973, at the age of 72.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

== Literary career ==
Kuttikrishna Marar was a harsh critic of literary indiscretions. His work, ''Bharathaparyadanam'', a critical study of the [[Mahabharata]] is considered by many as a seminal work and is a part of the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] syllabus. Another of his important works is ''Kala Jeevitham Thanne'' (Art is Life itself), which won him [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]], [[Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award]] and M. P. Paul Prize. ''Malayala Shaili'', another of his notable works, is one of the most authentic treatises on proper [[Malayalam]] usage. ''Sahithyasallapam'', ''Danthagopuram'' and ''Kaivilakku'' (collections of literary criticism) are some of his other works on literary criticism.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /> Besides, he has also published over 19 collections of essays on literary criticism.<ref name="Sanskrit Critics from Kerala">{{Cite web |url=http://www.universityofcalicut.info/SDE/SM_VI_sem_BA_Sanskrit_General_Essay.pdf |title=Sanskrit Critics from Kerala |last=Jayageetha K. N. |date=2019-02-08 |website=University of Calicut |access-date=2019-02-08 |archive-date=13 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413210956/http://www.universityofcalicut.info/SDE/SM_VI_sem_BA_Sanskrit_General_Essay.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
In 1967, Marar received ''Sahithya Ratnam'' award from Pattambi Sree Neelakanda Sanskrit College and ''Sahithya Nipunan'' award from [[Government Sanskrit College, Tripunithura]]. Sahitya Akademi awarded him their [[Sahitya Akademi Award|annual award]] in 1966, for his work, ''Kala Jeevitham Thanne''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10311.htm |title=Sahitya Akademi Awards 1955-2007 |publisher=sahitya-akademi.gov.in |access-date=2009-10-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828042835/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10311.htm |archive-date=28 August 2009 }}</ref> He received another award for the same work the same year, the inaugural [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Literary Criticism]].<ref name="Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Literary Criticism">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/Criticism_Studies.htm |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Literary Criticism |date=2019-02-08 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref> He received the M. P. Paul Prize also in 1966.<ref name="Sanskrit Critics from Kerala" /> His life and work has been documented by many writers and ''Marar Lavanyabhavathinte Yukthi Shilpam'', one such work written by M. Thomas Mathew was selected for [[Vayalar Award]] in 2009.<ref name="Vayalar award for work on Kuttikrishna Marar">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Vayalar-award-for-work-on-Kuttikrishna-Marar/article16492951.ece |title=Vayalar award for work on Kuttikrishna Marar |date=2009-10-11 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref><ref name="‘Marar, a great inspiration for me’">{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2009/oct/11/marar-a-great-inspiration-for-me-91723.html |title='Marar, a great inspiration for me' | date=11 October 2009 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |access-date=17 February 2019 }}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
=== Literary criticism ===
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://www.amazon.in/Bharathaparyatanam-Kuttikrishna-Marar/dp/B007E4VNAG |title=Bharathaparyatanam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |date=2011-05-25 |publisher=Marar Sahithya Prakasham |language=ml |asin=B007E4VNAG}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/bhashavruthangal-grammar-kuttikrishna-marar?author_id= |title=Bhashavruthangal |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/vruthasilpam-malayalam-grammar-kuttikrishna-marar?author_id= |title=Vruthasilpam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/vruthasilpam-malayalam-grammar-kuttikrishna-marar?author_id= |title=Hasya Sahithyam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam |archive-date=22 August 2016 |access-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822122949/http://www.indulekha.com/vruthasilpam-malayalam-grammar-kuttikrishna-marar?author_id= |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/product&author_id=&product_id=3671&page=2 |title=Dhanthagopuram |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/product&author_id=&product_id=3671&page=2 |title=Sahithya Paryatanam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=3 |title=Sahithya Sallapam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=3 |title=Kaivilakku |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=3 |title=Poojya Pooja |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=4 |title=Sahithya Veekshanam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=4 |title=Bhashaparichayam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=4 |title=Sahithyavidya |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=5 |title=Saranagathi |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahithya Prakasham |year=2012 |quote=3 volumes}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=5 |title=Rishiprasadham |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=5 |title=Rajanganam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=6 |title=Malayalashaili |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=6 |title=Nalacharithathiloode |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=6 |title=Kala Jeevitham Thanne |last=Kuttikrishn -Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=7 |title=Sahithya Bhooshanam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=7 |title=Charchayogam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=7 |title=Inguninnangolam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=8 |title=Sahithyasesham |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=8 |title=Palarum Palathum |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=9 |title=Geethaparikramanam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=9 |title=Pathinanchu Upanyasam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam}}
{{div col end}}

=== Poems and plays ===
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/jeevichirunnal-play-kuttikrishna-marar?author_id=&page=8 |title=Jeevichirunnal |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam |year=1994 |quote=Play - with introduction by George Irumpayam |edition=Old |archive-date=9 February 2019 |access-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209125620/http://www.indulekha.com/jeevichirunnal-play-kuttikrishna-marar?author_id=&page=8 |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/product&author_id=&product_id=1497&page=8 |title=Nizhalattam |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam |year=1985 |quote=a collection of plays and poems|edition=Old }}

=== Children's literature ===
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=3 |title=Vishwamithran |last=Kuttikrishna-Marar |publisher=Marar Sahityaprakasam|quote=story retold by Marar}}

=== Translations by Marar ===
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/kumarasambhavam-poetry-kalidasan-marar?author_id= |title=Kumarasambhavam |last=Kalidasan |publisher=Marar Sahithya Prakasham |year=2000 |translator-last=Kuttikrishna Marar |quote=commentary by Marar |archive-date=26 August 2016 |access-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826202311/http://www.indulekha.com/kumarasambhavam-poetry-kalidasan-marar?author_id= |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/product&author_id=&product_id=3671&page=2 |title=Bhaja Govindam |last=Adi Shankara |publisher=Marar Sahithya Prakasham |year=1995 |translator-last=Kuttikrishna Marar }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=4 |title=Abhijnana Sakunthalam |last=Kalidasan |publisher=Marar Sahithya Prakasham |year=2012 |translator-last=Kuttikrishna Marar |quote=commentary by Marar}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/product&author_id=&product_id=2176&page=7 |title=Meghasandesam |last=Kalidasan |publisher=Marar Sahithya Prakasham |year=2014 |translator-last=Kuttikrishna Marar |quote=commentary by Marar}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/author/info&author_id=942&page=6 |title=Raghuvamsham |last=Kalidasan |publisher=Marar Sahithya Prakasham |year=2018 |translator-last=Kuttikrishna Marar |quote=commentary by Marar}}
{{div col end}}

=== Memoirs ===
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.indulekha.com/index.php?route=product/product&author_id=&product_id=3671&page=2 |title=Mararude Kathukal |last=Kuttikrishna Marar |publisher=Marar Sahithya Prakasham |year=1995}}

=== Translations into English ===
* {{cite book|author=Kuttikrishna Marar|title=Rishiprasadam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ishAAAAMAAJ|year=1968}}
* {{cite book|author=Kuttikrishna Marar|title=Journey Through Mahabharata|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHQpAAAAYAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Kerala Sahitya Akademi}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/KuttikrishnaMarar/Html/Kuttikrishnamararpage.htm |title=Portrait on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-02-09 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-02-09}}

{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Malayalam}}
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marar, Kuttikrishna}}
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1973 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]
[[Category:Translators of Kalidasa]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Malayalam]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Writers from Palakkad district]]
[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam literary critics]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]

Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II

2026-02-26T05:06:34Z

KINGRON: adjust lead as per guidelines and updated info for consistency

{{short description|Nizam of Hyderabad from 1762 to 1803}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Mir Nizam Ali Khan Siddiqi Asaf Jah II
| title = [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam-ul-Mulk]]
| image = Mir Nizam Ali Khan.jpg
| succession = 5th [[Nizam of Hyderabad]]
| CoA =
| reign = 8 July 1762 – 6 August 1803
| tenure =
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Salabat Jung]]
| successor = [[Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III]]
| spouse = Bakhshi Begum Tinat-un-Nisa Begum Burhanpuri Begum Dil Lagan Bai
| issue =
| noble family =
| father = [[Asaf Jah I|Qamar-ud-din Khan Siddiqi, Asaf Jah I]]
| mother = Umda Begum
| birth_date = 7 March 1734
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad State]] (now in [[India]])
| death_date = 6 August 1803 (aged 69)
| death_place = [[Chowmahalla Palace]], [[Hyderabad]], Hyderabad State (now in [[Telangana]], India)
| burial_place =
| royal house = [[Asaf Jahi dynasty]]
| module =
}}

'''Mir Nizam Ali Khan Siddiqi, Asaf Jah II''' (7 March 1734 – 6 August 1803) was the 5th [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State]] between 1762 and 1803. He was born on 7 March 1734 as fourth son to [[Asaf Jah I]] and Umda Begum. His official name is ''Asaf Jah II, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Nizam 'Ali Khan Siddiqi, Fateh Jang, Sipah Salar, Nawab Subedar of the Deccan''. [[Sawānih-i-Deccan]], a Persian work compiled by Munim Khan, a military commander during the era of [[Asaf Jah II]] gave more insight about administration of Asaf Jahis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2O07AQAAIAAJ|title=Journal: Humanities. Section A., Volumes 33-36|publisher=University of Madras|year=1961|page=141}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DfNLEAAAQBAJ|title=Handbook of Research on the Role of Libraries, Archives, and Museums in Achieving Civic Engagement and Social Justice in Smart Cities|author=Taher Mohamed|publisher=IGI Global|year=2021|page=110|isbn=9781799883654 }}</ref>

==Nizam of Hyderabad==

===Faujdar of the Deccan===
Nizam Ali was appointed as the leading commander and administrator of the Deccan in the year 1759, his successful methods of fighting against the [[Maratha]]s had earned him much repute as a capable commander.

===Shah Alam II' – Subedar of the Deccan===
After the Marathas were routed during the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] in the year 1761, Nizam Ali and his army of 60,000 immediately advanced and repulsed them as far as [[Pune|Puna]] and forced them to sue for lasting peace.{{Quotation needed|date=May 2025}} Nizam Ali then seized the [[Bidar Fort]] and later arrested Salabat Jung, this action of Nizam Ali Khan was ratified by the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Shah Alam II]], who issued a [[Firman]] terminating [[Salabat Jung]] (supported by the [[French Indies Company|French East India Company]]), from his position as the [[Subedar]] of [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] and appointing Nizam Ali Khan Asaf Jah II as his successor.<ref>History of modern Deccan, 1720/1724-1948: Volume 1</ref>

===Supporting Shah Alam II===
Immediately after recapturing the throne Shah Alam II in 1772, came under the influence of [[Nizam Ali Khan]] the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]].
[[File:Portrait of Nizam ul-Mulk (Asaf Jah II, Nizam Ali Khan) sitting in an open pavilion on a carpet (British Library).jpg|thumb|right|Portrait of Nizam ul-Mulk (Asaf Jah II, Nizam Ali Khan) sitting in an open pavilion on a carpet (British Library)]]

==Nizam's intervention against the Peshwa==
{{main|Battle of Rakshasbhuvan|Battle of Kharda|Battle of Uruli}}

In 1757, the Nizam (Salabat Jung) was defeated by [[Sadashivrao Bhau|Sadashivraobhau]] in the [[Battle of Sindhkhed]] and again at the [[Battle of Udgir]] in 1760. In 1762, [[Raghunathrao]] allied with the Nizam due to mutual distrust and differences with [[Madhavrao Peshwa]]. The Nizam marched towards [[Poona]], unaware that Rughunathrao was going to betray him. In 1763, [[Madhavrao I]] along with Rughunathrao defeated the Nizam at the Battle of Rakshasbhuvan and signed a treaty with the [[Marathas]].{{cn|date=July 2019}}

In 1795, he was defeated by [[Madhavrao II]]'s [[Maratha]]s at the [[Battle of Kharda]] and was forced to cede [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]], [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] and [[Sholapur]] and pay an indemnity of Rs. 30 million.<ref>The Marathas 1600–1818, Band 2 by Stewart Gordon p.169</ref>

A [[France|French]] general, [[Michel Joachim Marie Raymond|Monsieur Raymond]], served as his military leader, strategist and advisor.<ref>{{cite news|title=Raymond's tomb languishes in neglect|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3470495.ece|work=The Hindu|date=30 May 2012|access-date=30 May 2012}}</ref>

==Fall of Mysore==
The following year, he realized that the fall of [[Tipu Sultan]] was imminent and thus, he entered into a [[Subsidiary alliance]] with the [[British East India Company]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hasan |first1=Mohibbul |title=History of Tipu Sultan |date=1971 |publisher=THE WORLD PRESS PRIVATE LTD |location=Calcutta |page=291 |edition=2nd}}</ref> Thus [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], which is in both area and population comparable to the [[United Kingdom]], became a [[princely state]] within the [[British Raj]]. {{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}

==Death==
[[File:Nizam Ali Khan Asaf Jah II receiving Arastu Jah - Ragadarshan MS LJS 63.jpg|thumb|left|A portrait from the ''Ragadarshan'' (c. 1804), completed near the end of the Nizam's life. It depicts Asaf Jah II (right) receiving his Prime Minister, Arastu Jah.]]
Asaf Jah II died at [[Chowmahalla Palace]], Hyderabad, at the age of 69 on 6 August 1803.

==Family==
;Consorts
* Bakhshi Begum (died on 21 December 1813,{{sfn|Rao|1954|p=153}} buried in Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad),<ref name="p955">{{cite book | last=Bilgrami | first=S.A.A. | title=Landmarks of the Deccan: A Comprehensive Guide to the Archaeological Remains of the City and Suburbs of Hyderabad | publisher=Asian Educational Services | year=1992 | isbn=978-81-206-0543-5 | pages=36–37}}</ref> Nizam's favourite wife;<ref name="n716">{{cite book | last=Wilkinson | first=C. | title=Empire of Influence: The East India Company and the Making of Indirect Rule | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2023 | isbn=978-1-009-31169-4 | page=231}}</ref>
* Tinat-un-Nisa Begum (buried in Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad),<ref name="p955"/> a servant in service of Bakhshi Begum, and mother of Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III<ref name="n716"/> and Akbar Jah;{{sfn|Rao|1954|p=37}}
* Burhanpuri Begum (buried in Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad), mother of Jahandar Jah;<ref name="p955"/>
* Dil Lagan Bai (died 3 June 1809), mother of a son born on 25 November 1777;{{sfn|Rao|1954|pp=55, 127}}

;Daughters
* Fakhr-un-Nisa Begum also known as Manjli Begum, married to Fathyab-ud-Daulah, the grandson of Khaja Hamid Khan, the uncle of Asaf Jah I;{{sfn|Rao|1954|p=20}}
* Sajida Begum, married to Mir Qudrut Ullah Khan, Ibrat Jung, son of Shuja-ul-Mulk;{{sfn|Rao|1954|pp=32, 131}}
* Naqsh Bandi Begum (died 18 November 1808, buried in Hazrat Barhana Sahib Dargah), married to Mahabat Jung;{{sfn|Rao|1954|p=123}}
* Basheer-un-Nisa Begum, married in 1800 to Amir-i-Kabir I, the first princess to be married in Paigah;{{sfn|Rao|1954|p=3, 7}}
* Imami Begum (buried in Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad);<ref name="p955"/>
* A daughter married to the son of Shuja-ul-Mulk (died 23 December 1788);{{sfn|Rao|1954|p=80}}
* A daughter married on 5 September 1776 to Zulfiqar-ud-Daulah Bahadur, son of Basalat Jung;{{sfn|Rao|1954|p=53}}
* Riyaz-un-nisa Begum (died 3 June 1809), married to Khan-i-Shiraz;{{sfn|Rao|1954|p=127}}
* A daughter married to Dara Jah;<ref name="a506">{{cite book | last=Roychoudhury | first=U. | title=White Mughals | publisher=Penguin Group | year=2004 | isbn=978-0-14-303046-1 | page=23}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Hyderabad State]]
*[[Nizam of Hyderabad]]
*[[Asaf Jahi dynasty]]
*[[Sawānih-i-Deccan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | first = Ekbote Gopal | last = Rao | title=The Chronology of Modern Hyderabad, 1720-1890 | year=1954 | publisher = Central Records Office Hyderabad Government}}

==External links==

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Asaf Jahi dynasty]]|1734||1803|}}
{{succession box | before=[[Asaf ad-Dawlah Mir Ali Salabat Jang]] | title=[[Nizam of Hyderabad]] | after=[[Asaf Jah III|Mir Akbar Ali Khan Siddiqi Asaf Jah III]] | years=8 July 1762 – 6 August 1803}}
{{s-end}}

 

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asaf Jah Ii}}
[[Category:1734 births]]
[[Category:1803 deaths]]
[[Category:Nizams of Hyderabad]]
[[Category:Indian royalty]]
[[Category:Asaf Jahi dynasty]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Banu Abu Bakr]]

Bir Hambir

2026-02-26T03:49:19Z

KINGRON: page updated

{{Short description|Raja of Mallabhum from 1565 to 1620}}
{{for|the 1955 film|Bir Hambir (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name =Hambir Malla Dev
|image=
|caption=
|succession =49th king of [[Mallabhum]]
|coronation =
|reign =1565–1620 AD.
|predecessor =[[Dhari Malla]]
|successor =[[Dhari Hambir Malla Dev]]
|issue = [[Dhari Hambir Malla Dev]], [[Raghunath Singha Dev]]
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|position =
}}
'''Hambir Malla Dev''' (also known as '''Bir Hambir''', '''Beera Hambeera''', and '''Veer Hambir''') was the forty-ninth king of [[Mallabhum]], primarily in the present [[Bankura district]] in Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. He ruled from 1565 to 1620 AD.{{Sfn|Dasgupta|Biswas|Mallik|2009|p=36}}<ref name=Malabhum>Malabhum, Bishnupur-Chandra, Manoranjan; 2004; Kolkata. Deys Publishing {{ISBN|8129500442}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Mallik|first1=Abhaya Pada|title=History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal|date=1921|publisher=Calcutta|pages=129|edition=the University of Michigan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=11 March 2016}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Hambir was the 49th ruler of the [[Mallabhum|Malla dynasty]] who flourished around 1586 AD and ruled in the 16th-17th century and was a contemporary of the [[Mughal emperor]] [[Akbar]]. He fought on the side of Akbar against the [[Afghans|Afghan]]s and paid an annual tribute to the Mughal governors of Bengal and thus acknowledged their suzerainty.<ref name=omalley>O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, ''Bankura'', ''Bengal District Gazetteers'', pp. 21-46, first published 1908, 1995 reprint, Government of West Bengal</ref>

===Bishnupur and his alliance with the Mughals===
{{Main|Man Singh I#Conquest of Orissa}}

In the late 16th century, during Akbar’s campaign against [[Khwaja Usman#Early life|Qutlu Khan Lohani]], the Afghan ruler of North Orissa, Bir Hambir, the ruler of Bishnupur, allied with Mughal general [[Man Singh I|Man Singh]]. Qutlu Khan had expanded his influence over Midnapore and Bishnupur, prompting Mughal intervention. Bir Hambir supported Man Singh’s son, [[Man Singh I#Conquest of Orissa|Jagat Singh]], with troops and strategic advice. However, Jagat Singh ignored his warnings and was caught off guard by a surprise Afghan attack. Displaying remarkable courage, Bir Hambir rescued Jagat Singh from the battlefield and ensured his safe return to Bishnupur. This act strengthened the alliance between Bir Hambir and the Mughal Empire. His loyalty not only protected Bishnupur but also enhanced his reputation as a wise and brave leader. Bir Hambir’s strategic decisions during this turbulent period showcased his exceptional leadership. His legacy remains a testament to his political acumen and valor. This incident is documented in the Akbarnama.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bishnupur: A Town of Terracotta Temple and Artistic Excellence |url=https://www.ijhsss.com/files/11.-Sanjay-Prasad.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Akbarnama. Dowson's translation. Vol. VI. |pages=86}}</ref>

===Baro-Bhuyan===
{{Main|Baro-Bhuyan}}

Bir Hambir was a notable king of Bishnupur in the 16th century, and his reign is often linked to the Baro-Bhuyans, a group of twelve powerful landlords in Bengal. Although not one of the Baro-Bhuyans himself, Bir Hambir's role as a regional ruler put him in direct opposition to the expanding Mughal Empire. Like the Baro-Bhuyans, he sought to maintain the autonomy of his kingdom and resist central control. His military strength and strategic alliances with other local chiefs played a vital role in defending his territory from external threats, including Mughal forces.

Bir Hambir's connection to the Baro-Bhuyans lies in their shared resistance to Mughal domination. During a time when Bengal was divided among various local rulers, the Baro-Bhuyans were significant players in regional power struggles, often acting as a collective force against the Mughals. Bir Hambir's efforts to preserve the sovereignty of Bishnupur reflected the broader aspirations of the Baro-Bhuyans, making his reign an important part of the local resistance against the Mughal centralization of power in Bengal.

===Midnapore Raj===
{{Main|Karnagarh_Raj#History}}
In 1589 AD, with Shyam Singh's help, Isha Khan of the Lohani Dynasty killed Laxman Singh of Karnagarh and installed Shyam Singh as a puppet ruler. However, their rule was short-lived, as they were defeated by an alliance of Bhurshut, Mallabhum, and the Mughals. Laxman Singh's grandson, Raja Chhotu Roy, was then enthroned. During Bir Hambir's regime, the kingdom regained strength and stability. Bir Hambir's leadership solidified Karnagarh's power and expanded its influence.<ref>{{ Citation |url=https://kanjik.net/hindu-defiance-to-orissa-lohani-saltanat/ |title= Resistance against Lohani Sultanate|date=2022 |language=bn}}</ref><ref name=BidhubhusanBhattacharya>Bhattacharya, Bidhubhusan,'' Raibaghini o Bhurisrestha Rajkahini'', {{in lang|bn}},11 th Sravan 1357 Bangabda edition, page 41 , Publishers & Bookseller: Nababharati Prakashan ,6, Ramanath Majumdar Street, Calcutta-9.</ref>

===Vaishnavism===
{{Main|Srinivasa Acarya}}
[[File:Shreekrishna Kirtana By Chandidas in Mallabhum(Bishnupur kingdom).png|thumb|[[Shreekrishna Kirtana]] By [[Chandidas]] from [[Mallabhum kingdom]]]]
Bir Hambir was a pious man who started following [[Vaishnavism]]. A story in two Vaishnava works (Prem-villa of Nityananda Das (alias Balaram Das) and Bhakti Ratnakara of Narahari Chakrabarti) recounts how [[Srinivasa Acarya|Srinivasa]] and other devotees were robbed by Bir Hambir while traveling from [[Vrindavan]] to [[Gauḍa (city)|Gaur]] with several Vaishanava manuscripts. However, Bir Hambir was so moved by Srinivasa's reading of [[Bhagavata]] that he converted to Vaishnavism and gave Srinivasa a rich endowment of land and money. He introduced the worship of [[Madan Mohan]] to [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]].<ref name=omalley /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ghosh |first1=Pika |title=Tales, Tanks, and Temples: The Creation of a Sacred Center in Seventeenth-Century Bengal |journal=Asian Folklore Studies |date=2002 |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=193–222 |doi=10.2307/1178971 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1178971 |issn=0385-2342|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===Dev title===
During his regime (1565 to 1620), Dev title was suffixed after the title Malla and Mallabhum was very safe and secured.{{Sfn|Dasgupta|Biswas|Mallik|2009|p=22}}

===Battle of Mundamala Ghat===
During the [[Pathan]] rule of [[Sulaiman Khan Karrani]] in Gaur, the kingdom of [[Bishnupur, Mahottari|Bishnupur]] stood in a unique glory in the Rarh region of [[Bengal]]. His reckless son [[Daud Khan Karrani]] dreamed of seizing the whole of Bengal. In this situation, in 1575 AD, Daud Khan attacked Bishnupur with a large number of Pathan troops.
Revered Fakir Narayan Karmakar Mahasaya writes - "Dawood Khan suddenly came and encamped at a village called Ranisagar near Bishnupur with more than one lakh soldiers and similar ammunition."<ref>("Immortal Story of Bishnupur" - Page: 26)</ref>

The people of Ranisagar were embarrassed by the sudden attack of Dawood Khan's army of lakhs. The Bishnupur army was still not ready for battle. At this moment, the heroic prince of Bishnupur, Hambir Malla, started the war by arming the army. The army of Bishnupur, intoxicated with the dream of victory, proceeded to subdue the enemy by worshiping the Maa [[Mrinmayee]], the kuladevi of Mallabhum.

The state of Bishnupur had a total of twelve forts, one of which was the Mundmal fort. Near this Mundmal Garh, the Mallabhum army attacked the [[Pathan]] forces. After a fierce battle between the two sides, Hambir Malla defeated the [[Pathan]] forces in such a tragic manner that the battlefield at the eastern gate of the fort was filled with the corpses of Pathan soldiers. The defeated Dawood Khan was taken prisoner. He waited for death in a state of siege. But the noble Hambir arranged for his release and reached a safe place.

"There were so many corpses of the dead Nawab's soldiers at the eastern gate of the fort that it was called" Mundmalaghat.<ref>('Travel in Bengal', 204)</ref>

It is said that Hambir Malla cut off the heads of the invading [[Pathan]] soldiers, made a garland (mundamala), and offered it as a gift to the demon-destroying Maa Mrinmayidevi. He was awarded the title of "Bir Hambir" for accomplishing that difficult task.<ref>1) "Mallabhum Bishnupur" - Manoranjan Chandra.
2) "Immortal story of Bishnupur" - Fakir Narayan Karmakar.
3) "Travel to Bengal" Wikisource.</ref>

==Rashmancha==
[[File:Bishnupur Rashmancha.jpg|200px|centre]]

The Rashmancha is a historical building located at Bishnupur. It was commissioned by Malla king Bir Hambir in 1600 CE. During the Vaishnava Ras festival, all the Radha Krishna idols of Bishnupur town used to be brought here to be worshipped by the citizens.<ref>{{cite web|title= Bishnupur Sub-division |url=http://bankura.gov.in/Tourism/Bishnupur.htm#Rashmancha|website=bankura.gov.in|accessdate=}}</ref>

==Dalmadal kaman (cannon)==
{{main|Dalmadal Cannon}}
[[File:Dalmadal Canon.jpg|320px|left]]
During the reign of Bir Hambir the Dal Madal, one of the largest-bored cannons ever made, was founded, demonstrating the skill of artisans of that time.<ref>{{cite web|title= Bishnupur Sub-division |url=http://bankura.gov.in/Tourism/Bishnupur.htm#Dalmadal_Cannon|website=bankura.gov.in|accessdate=}}</ref> Dal Madal was made by Jagannath Karmakar. "Dal Madal" means "destruction of enemy".{{Sfn|Dasgupta|Biswas|Mallik|2009|p=55}}

Historian [[Maniklal Sinha]] writes,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=Maniklal |url=https://www.bucl.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27582&query_desc=su:%22Customs%22 |title=Paschim rarh tatha Bankura sanskriti |date=1977 |publisher=Chittaranjan Dasgupta |location=Bisnupur |pages=165 |language=Bengali |archive-date=9 April 2023 |access-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409073416/https://www.bucl.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27582&query_desc=su:%22Customs%22 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Manoranjan |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.265671 |title=Mallabhum Bishnupur |date=2002 |pages=26}}</ref> the well-known Dalmadal of the Malla Rajas. There are distinct critiques regarding the name of the cannon. Common people think that Dal and Madal are two cannons. The concept of Sanskrit-educated people is Dalmadal, which came from the Sanskrit name Dalmardan. However, each of the above thoughts is incorrect. Mallabhum, the kingdom of Malla Rajas was dominated by Dharmathakura and a Dharamshila is known as Dalmadal. His study also suggests that the ancestor of the Karmakar family, Jagannath Karmakar who built the [[Dalmadal Cannon|Dalmadal cannon]] and named the cannon as Dalmadal.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}

{|class="wikitable" align="center" width="30%" style="font-size:90%; border:2px solid orange;"
|+ Dal Madal Kaman (Cannon) or Dala Mardana
|width="40%" align="center" valign="center"|[[File:Dalmadal Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG|150px]]
|width="40%" align="center" valign="center"|[[File:Dalmadal Cannon, Bishnupur.JPG|150px]]
|width="40%" align="center" valign="center"|[[File:Dalmadal Cannon, Bishnupur 2.JPG|150px]]
|width="40%" align="center" valign="center"|[[File:DALMADAL.JPG|150px]]
|-
|valign="top"| Left Side of Kaman
|valign="top"| Front Side of Kaman
|valign="top"| Right Side of Kaman
|valign="top"| Back Side of Kaman
|-
|}

==In popular culture==
[[File:The Vishnupur Gharana - Fading Footfalls in Gharana Fort - Documentary.webm|thumb|thumbtime=36:53|right|The dhrupad gharana of Bishnupur kingdom]]
* [[Eastern Zonal Cultural Centre]], Kolkata, presented a video on the dhrupad gharana of [[Bishnupur kingdom]].
* The film [[Bir Hambir (film)]] is based on his real-life story.

==See also==
* [[History of Bankura district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*[http://bankura.org/site/Bishnupur.htm website on Bankura]
*[[Kumkum Chatterjee]]. "Cultural flows and cosmopolitanism in Mughal India: The Bishnupur Kingdom" in ''Indian Economic and Social History Review'' Vol. 46 (2009), p. 147-182.
* {{Citation|last1=Dasgupta|first2=Samira|last2=Biswas|first3=Rabiranjan|last3=Mallik|first1=Gautam Kumar|title=Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur|publisher=A Mittal Publication|isbn=978-8183242943|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0_o9Qj1LOEC&pg=PA18|date=2009|page=22}}
*O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, Bankura, Bengal District Gazetteers, pp. 21–46(25), 1995 reprint, first published 1908, Government of West Bengal

{{Mallabhum}}

[[Category:1620 deaths]]
[[Category:Vaishnavism]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Date of death missing]]
[[Category:Kings of Mallabhum]]
[[Category:Artillery of India]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Mallabhum temples]]

Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-22T22:09:59Z

KINGRON: entry

{{short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| map = India Rajasthan#India
| map_caption = Location in Rajasthan
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| location = Rajasthan, India (Kota, Bundi & Chittorgarh districts)
| nearest_city = Kota
| coordinates = {{coord|25.02|N|75.64|E|type:forest|display=inline,title}}
| area_km2 = 194.6
| established = 9 October 1975
}}

'''Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a protected area in southeastern [[Rajasthan]], India. It was notified on 9 October 1975 and covers an area of approximately {{convert|194.6|km2|abbr=on}}, spanning the districts of [[Kota district|Kota]], [[Bundi district|Bundi]], and [[Chittorgarh district|Chittorgarh]] along the [[Chambal River]].<ref name="RFD">{{cite web |title=Jawahar Sagar Sanctuary |url=https://forest.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/forest/en/aboutus/departmental-wings/wild-life1/public-information/details-of-protected-area-/jawahar-sagar-sanctuary.html |website=Rajasthan Forest Department |access-date=23 August 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JAWAHAR SAGAR WILDLIFE SANCTUARY - Rajasthan |url=https://arked.in/jawahar-sagar-wildlife-sanctuary-rajasthan.html |access-date=23 August 2025 |website=arked.in }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary |url=https://www.learnupsc.com/2023/08/jawahar-sagar-wildlife-sanctuary.html |access-date=23 August 2025 |website=Learn UPSC }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Negi |first=Sharad Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JYFmoOWfmX8C&dq=jawahar+Sagar+Wildlife+Sanctuary&pg=PA150 |title=Handbook of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biosphere Reserves in India |date=2002 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-128-3 |language=en }}</ref>

The sanctuary forms part of the buffer zone of the [[Mukundara Hills Tiger Reserve]], which was notified in 2013 under Project Tiger.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve |url=https://ntca.gov.in |website=National Tiger Conservation Authority |access-date=23 August 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vushii.com |title=Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kota, Rajasthan - Vushii.com |url=http://vushii.com/place.php?name=Jawahar+Sagar+Wildlife+Sanctuary |access-date=23 August 2025 |website=vushii.com |language=en }}</ref>

== Geography ==
The sanctuary lies between the [[Rana Pratap Sagar Dam]] and [[Jawahar Sagar Dam]] on the Chambal River. Its terrain consists of rugged ravines and tropical dry deciduous forest typical of the Chambal valley.<ref name="RFD" />

== Flora and fauna ==
The vegetation includes ''[[Terminalia pendula]]'' (dhok), ''[[Acacia catechu]]'' (khair), ''[[Butea monosperma]]'' (palash), ''[[Madhuca longifolia]]'' (mahua), ''[[Diospyros melanoxylon]]'' (tendu), and ''[[Terminalia bellirica]]'' (bahera).<ref>{{cite web |title=Biodiversity Report for Jawahar Sagar |url=https://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/wildlife/Userdetail/711311241121456TQBBiodiversityReport.pdf |publisher=Government of India |access-date=23 August 2025 }}</ref>
Wildlife includes [[Indian leopard|leopard]], [[sloth bear]], [[chinkara]], [[sambar deer|sambar]], [[wild boar]], [[striped hyena]], and small carnivores. The Chambal River supports aquatic species such as [[gharial]] and [[mugger crocodile]].<ref name="RFD" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=indianpanorama |title=Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary – Chambal River Marshes & River Dolphin Habitat |url=https://www.indianpanorama.in/experiences/nature-wildlife/wildlife/jawahar-sagar-wildlife-sanctuary.php |access-date=23 August 2025 |website=Indianpanorama |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2017 |title=Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary - WildTrails {{!}} The One-Stop Destination for all your Wildlife Holidays |url=https://wildtrails.in/jawahar-sagar-wildlife-sanctuary/ |access-date=23 August 2025 |website=wildtrails.in |language=en-GB }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Mukundara Hills National Park]]
* [[National Chambal Sanctuary]]
* [[Darrah Wildlife Sanctuary]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Protected areas of India]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1975]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kota district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in Rajasthan]]

DPS Academy

2026-02-21T02:15:40Z

KINGRON: new new entry v1

{{About|the ICSE school|a CBSE school in Dubai with a similar name|Delhi Private School, Dubai||DPS (disambiguation){{!}}DPS}}
{{Infobox school
| name = DPS Academy
| native_name = أكاديمية د ب س
| image =
| alt =
| motto = Service Before Self
| address = Dubai International Academic City
| location = Dubai
| country = United Arab Emirates
| area = {{convert|10|acre|sqft}}
| opened = April 2013
| closed = March 2017
| sister_school =
| caption =
| principal = Ms. Ambika Gulati
| chairman = Mr. Abdullah Al Huraiz
| school_board = [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]]
| educational_authority = [[Knowledge and Human Development Authority|KHDA]]
| website = [http://www.dpsacademy.ae/ www.dpsacademy.ae]
}}
'''DPS Academy''' (in [[Arabic language|Arabic]]: '''أكاديمية د ب س''') (previously known as Union International Indian School) was a private Indian school in Dubai International Academic City, in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] which is affiliated to [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] curriculum, Delhi. It is the third school to run under the aegis of [[Delhi Public School Society]] in the United Arab Emirates which also operates Delhi Private School which is affiliated to [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] curriculum in [[Delhi Private School, Dubai|Dubai]] and in [[Delhi Private School, Sharjah|Sharjah]].<ref name="gulfnews">{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/new-indian-icse-school-to-open-in-dubai-1.1117432|title=New Indian ICSE school to open in Dubai | GulfNews.com|publisher=gulfnews.com|accessdate=2014-09-14}}</ref>

In April 2013, the phase one of the DPS Academy started with classes beginning from kindergarten (KG) and grades one to five with an estimate capacity of 2,000 students. In October 2016, the school has announced its closure in March 2017.<ref name=gulfnews2>{{cite web|author1=Faisal Masudi|title=Indian school closure decision shocks parents|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/education/indian-school-closure-decision-shocks-parents-1.1916052|website=Gulf News|publisher=Al Nisr Publishing|accessdate=21 October 2016|date=21 October 2016}}</ref>

==Education system==
DPS Academy follows the [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] curriculum. The medium of teaching in the school is English. However, Arabic will be offered as a compulsory language subject for all the students of the school as per the requirements by Ministry of Education and [[Knowledge and Human Development Authority|KHDA]]. Hindi or French will be offered as a second language for the students.

DIPS Academy is a coaching institution in India, mainly focused on coaching for competitive examinations in higher mathematics. Established in 1998, it operates under Dubey's Information Pool and Solutions (DIPS) Pvt. Ltd.

==Campus==
DPS Academy is {{convert|10|acre|sqft}} campus. Some of the school facilities for students are:
* Playgrounds and indoor play areas for kindergarten students
* Amphitheatre
* Half Olympic size indoor swimming pool also a separate swimming pool for toddlers,
* Classrooms and language labs
* Medical centres with trained doctors and nurses
* Learning labs with special Educators (SEN Teacher)
* Counselling rooms with a trained counsellor
* Transport facility for students living in Dubai and Sharjah
* ICT and computer laboratories
* Library

DPS Academy introduced the Stem (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) laboratory as the part of the [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] curriculum which is also first of its kind in the United Arab Emirates.<ref name="khaleejtimes">{{cite web |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?section=educationnation&xfile=data/educationnation/2014/august/educationnation_august13.xml |title=DPS Academy introduces Stem lab - Khaleej Times |publisher=khaleejtimes.com |accessdate=2014-09-14 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915025248/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?section=educationnation&xfile=data%2Feducationnation%2F2014%2Faugust%2Feducationnation_august13.xml |archivedate=2014-09-15 }}</ref>

DIPS Academy offers online coaching for the IIT JAM (Joint Admission Test for M.Sc.) Mathematics exam, catering to students through various formats including live classes and recorded sessions.

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150501202159/http://www.dpsacademy.ae/ Official Website]

{{DPS Society aegis}}
{{International schools in Dubai}}
{{Indian international schools}}

[[Category:Schools in Dubai]]
[[Category:International schools in Dubai]]
[[Category:Delhi Public School Society]]
[[Category:Private schools in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Indian international schools in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2013]]
[[Category:Educational institutions disestablished in 2017]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in the United Arab Emirates]]

Ernakulam Priests' Rebellion

2026-02-17T17:40:59Z

KINGRON: content update

The '''Ernakulam priests' revolt''' is a series of actions by the priests of the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam–Angamaly]], starting roughly from December 2017 and still continuing. The issue first came out as a land scam<ref>{{Cite web|title=Case against Cardinal Alencherry in land scam|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/case-against-cardinal-alencherry-in-land-scam-726583.html|date=2019-04-02|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cardinal Mar George Alencherry, two others must face trial in land-deal scam: Ernakulam court|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2019/aug/25/cardinal-mar-george-alencherry-two-others-must-face-trial-in-land-deal-scam-ernakulam-court-2023904.html|website=The New Indian Express|date=24 August 2019 |access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> in December 2017 through social media. Priests from the Major Archdiocese gathered together in the archbishop's house and asked for the details of the land deals<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala|url=https://tv.mathrubhumi.com/en/news/kerala/church-land-scam-2-more-criminal-cases-filed-against-cardinal-alencherry-1.37362|website=Mathrubhumi|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> of the archeparchy. The synod of bishops of the [[Syro-Malabar Church]] assembled in January 2018 could not effectively deal with the situation.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}} The priests of the diocese insisted on the deposition of Alencherry from his office of major archbishop.
The church announced a commission under Fr. Benny Maramparambil to enquire about the allegations. The commission report was having very serious findings against Cardinal Alancherry. The report revealed that cardinal had violated canon rules to cause a very heavy damage to the church. Certain documents were forged to get the registration successful.

On 22 June 2018, the [[Roman Curia]] intervened and appointed Jacob Manathodath as apostolic administrator ''sede plena'' of the archeparchy, to study the case with an independent agency and submit the report.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/permanent-synod-to-discuss-revolt-against-alencherry/article28284725.ece|title=Permanent synod to discuss revolt against Alencherry|newspaper=The Hindu |date=July 4, 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucanews.com/news/rebellion-spreads-in-indias-eastern-rite-church/85642|title=Rebellion spreads in India's Eastern-rite church|website=ucanews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=My report was not in favour of Cardinal Alencherry: Jacob Manathodath|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/my-report-was-not-in-favour-of-cardinal-alencherry-jacob-manathodath-1.3935783|website=Mathrubhumi|date=7 July 2019 |language=en|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> [[KPMG]] was appointed for a forensic audit. They came out with serious findings including fraudulent activities against Cardinal Alencherry. Prof. Injody was also appointed as a commission for enquiry into these deals. All these agencies found that the deals were not transparent and a lot of illegal acts were done in that deal. They revealed that a land document was forged to execute the deals. Canon laws and Civil laws were violated. The report was submitted to Rome.

As the duty of Bishop Manathodath was over Rome withdrew the administrator on 27 June 2019. The synod of bishops elected Antony Kariyil<ref>{{Cite web|title=Archbishop Mar Antony Kariyil|url=http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/bishop.php?id=92|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125055754/http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/bishop.php?id=92|archive-date=2022-01-25|access-date=|url-status=dead}}</ref> and appointed him as the vicar of the major archbishop for the archeparchy, with the approval of the Holy See, which granted him the personal title of archbishop. The suspended auxiliary bishops were given other appointments.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eparchy of Mandya|url=http://www.mandyadiocese.org/|last=Eparachy of Mandya|first=Bishop Mar Sebastiam Adayanthrath|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Eparchy of Faridabad|url=http://faridabaddiocese.in/|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>

The Special Investigation Team of Kerala police has filed a charge sheet against four, including three priests, in the case of alleged forgery of documents to defame Cardinal George Alencherry, head of the Syro-Malabar Church.

The first accused is Father Antony Kallookaran of St Joseph Church, Karukutty. The second accused is Father Paul Thelakkat of Renewal Centre, Kaloor, and the third accused is Father Benny John Maramparambil of St Joseph Church, Kadavanthra. The fourth accused is Adithya Z Valavi of Konthuruthy. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-12-20|title=Cardinal Alencherry given clean chit in land deal scam|url=https://mattersindia.com/2020/12/cardinal-alencherry-given-clean-chit-in-land-deal-scam/|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Matters India|language=en-US}}</ref>

During the probe, the police arrested only Adithya, a post graduate from Indian Institute of Technology. Fathers Kallookaran and Thelakkat avoided arrest by availing anticipatory bail from the [[Kerala High Court]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-05-30|title=Kerala techie held for allegedly forging documents against Church head gets bail|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kerala-techie-held-allegedly-forging-documents-against-church-head-gets-bail-102674|access-date=2022-01-25|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs="Cardinal Alencherry given clean chit in land deal scam". Matters India. 2020-12-20. Retrieved 2022-01-25.}}
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Church]]

Ram Prasad Bismil

2026-02-10T02:52:55Z

KINGRON: refine page

{{short description|Indian revolutionary, poet & writer (1897–1927)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Shaheed]]
| name = Ram Prasad Bismil
| image = Ram parsad bismal.tif
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Bismil in 1924
| birth_date = {{birth date|1897|06|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Shahjahanpur]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1927|12|19|1897|06|11|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Gorakhpur]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| death_cause = [[Execution by hanging]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Revolutionary]]|[[Poet]]|[[Writer]]}}
| organization = [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association|Hindustan Republican Association]]
| criminal_charges = [[Robbery]]
| criminal_status = Executed
| other_names = {{hlist|Ram|Agyat|Bismil}}
}}

'''Ram Prasad Bismil''' ({{audio|Bismil.ogg|pronunciation}}; 11 June 1897 – 19 December 1927) was an Indian poet, writer, and revolutionary who fought against [[British Raj]], participating in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918, and the [[Kakori Conspiracy]] of 1925. He composed in [[Urdu]] and [[Hindi]] under [[pen name]]s '''Ram''', '''Agyat अज्ञात''' (anonymous) and '''Bismil''' (wounded), becoming widely known under the latter. "Bismil" was not his real surname; it was his pen name. ''Pandit'' was an honorific title conferred to him due to his specialised knowledge on several subjects. He was also a translator.

Bismil was associated with [[Arya Samaj]] and was one of the founding members of the revolutionary organization [[Hindustan Republican Association]].

He was hanged on 19 December 1927 for his revolutionary activities.

==Early life==
Ram Prasad Bismil was born on 11 June 1897 to Muralidhar and Moolmati Devi in [[Shahjahanpur district]] in the erstwhile [[North-Western Provinces]]. He was born in a [[Tomar (Rajput clan)|Tomar]] [[Rajput]] family.<ref>{{cite book|title=Great Indian Freedom Fighter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VVukEAAAQBAJ&dq=ram+prasad+tomar&pg=PA74|year=|author= Manoj Dole|page=74}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/remembering-shaheed-ram-prasad-bismil-tomar/|title=Remembering Shaheed Ram Prasad 'Bismil' Tomar|date = 12 June 2023 | publisher = [[Times of India]] |last= Rana|first= Pushpendra}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/a-ram-prasad-bismil-revolutionary-poet-8656213/|title= A revolutionary and a poet: Who was Ram Prasad Bismil? |date = 12 June 2023 | publisher = [[The Indian Express]] |last= Sengupta|first= Arjun}}</ref> He learned [[Hindi]] from his father at home and was sent to learn [[Urdu]] from a [[moulvi]]. He was admitted to an English-language school, despite his father's disapproval, and also joined the [[Arya Samaj]] in [[Shahjahanpur]]. Bismil showed a talent for writing patriotic poetry.<ref name="TheWire">{{cite news|title=Ramprasad. Bismil's Idea of Revolution Is Impervious to Saffronisation|work=thewire.in|url=https://m.thewire.in/article/history/ramprasad-bismil-ideology|access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref> He was inspired by a book written by the great seer [[Dayananda Saraswati|Swami Dayananda Saraswati]], entitled the [[Satyarth Prakash]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nair |first1=Rukmini Bhaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6XFDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Ram%20Prasad%20Bismil%22%20%22Satyarth%20Prakash%22&pg=PA290 |title=Keywords for India: A Conceptual Lexicon for the 21st Century |last2=deSouza |first2=Peter Ronald |date=2020-02-20 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-350-03925-4 |language=en}}</ref>

===Contact with Somdev===
As an 18-year-old student, Bismil read of the death sentence passed on [[Bhai Parmanand]], a scholar and companion of [[Har Dayal]]. At that time he was regularly attending the Arya Samaj Temple at Shahjahanpur daily, where Swami Somdev, a friend of Paramanand, was staying.{{Sfn|Waraich|2007|p=32}} Angered by the sentence, Bismil composed a poem in Hindi titled ''Mera Janm'' (en: My Birth), which he showed to Somdev. This poem demonstrated a commitment to remove the British control over India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-11|title=Who is Ram Prasad Bismil, the young freedom fighter who inspired a generation|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/who-is-ram-prasad-bismil-freedom-fighter-poet-5774792/|access-date=2020-09-14|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

===Lucknow Congress===
Bismil left school in the following year and travelled to [[Lucknow]] with few friends. The ''Naram Dal'' ("moderate faction" of the Indian National Congress) was not prepared to allow the [[Garam Dal]] to stage a grand welcome of Tilak in the city. They organised a group of youths and decided to publish a book in Hindi on the history of American independence, ''America Ki Swatantrata Ka Itihas'', with the consent of Somdev. This book was published under the authorship of the fictitious Babu Harivans Sahai and its publisher's name was given as Somdev Siddhgopal Shukla. As soon as the book was published, the government of Uttar Pradesh proscribed its circulation within the state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lucknow Congress|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Lucknow-Pact|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref>

==Mainpuri conspiracy==
Bismil formed a revolutionary organisation called ''Matrivedi'' (''Altar of Motherland'') and contacted [[Genda Lal Dixit]], school teacher at [[Auraiya]]. Somdev arranged this, knowing that Bismil could be more effective in his mission if he had experienced people to support him. Dixit had contacts with some powerful dacoits of the state. Dixit wanted to utilise their power in the armed struggle against the British rulers. Like Bismil, Dixit had also formed an armed organisation of youths called ''Shivaji Samiti'' (named after [[Shivaji Maharaj]]). The pair organised youths from the [[Etawah]], [[Mainpuri]], [[Agra]] and [[Shahjahanpur]] districts of [[United Province]] (now Uttar Pradesh) to strengthen their organisations.{{Sfn|Bismil|1927|p=27}}

On 28 January 1918, Bismil published a pamphlet titled ''Deshvasiyon Ke Nam Sandesh'' (''A Message to Countrymen''), which he distributed along with his poem ''Mainpuri Ki Pratigya'' (''Vow of Mainpuri''). To collect funds for the party looting was undertaken on three occasions in 1918. Police searched for them in and around Mainpuri while they were selling books proscribed by the U.P. Government in the Delhi Congress of 1918. When police found them, Bismil absconded with the books unsold. When he was planning another looting between Delhi and Agra, a police team arrived and firing started from both the sides. Bismil jumped into the [[Yamuna]] and swam underwater. The police and his companions thought that he had died in the encounter. Dixit was arrested along with his other companions and was kept in [[Agra fort]]. From here, he fled to Delhi and lived in hiding. A criminal case was filed against them. The incident is known as the "Mainpuri Conspiracy". On 1 November 1919 the Judiciary Magistrate of Mainpuri B. S. Chris announced the judgement against all accused and declared Dixit and Bismil as absconders.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Revolutionary actions in Mainpuri|url=http://www.sankalpindia.net/book/revolutionary-actions-Mainpuri#:~:text=It%20is%20known%20as%20the,spite%20of%20all%20their%20efforts.|website=Sankalp Foundation}}</ref>

==Underground activities by Bismil ==
From 1919 to 1920 Bismil remained inconspicuous, moving around various villages in Uttar Pradesh and producing several books. Among these was a collection of poems written by him and others, entitled ''Man Ki Lahar'', while he also translated two works from [[Bengali language|Bengali]] (''Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot'' and ''Yogik Sadhan'') and fabricated ''Catherine or Swadhinta Ki Devi'' from an English text. He got all these books published through his own resources under ''Sushilmala'' – a series of publications except one ''Yogik Sadhan'' which was given to a publisher who absconded and could not be traced. These books have since been found. Another of Bismil's books, ''Kranti Geetanjali'', was published in 1929 after his death and was proscribed by [[British Raj]] in 1931.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ramprasad Bismil's Idea of Revolution Is Impervious to Saffronisation|url=https://thewire.in/history/ramprasad-bismil-ideology|access-date=2020-09-15|website=The Wire}}</ref>

==Formation of Hindustan Republican Association==
In February 1920, when all the prisoners in the Manipuri conspiracy case were freed, Bismil returned home to Shahjahanpur, where he agreed with the official authorities that he would not participate in revolutionary activities. This statement of Ram Prasad was also recorded in vernacular before the court.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hindustan Republic Association|url=https://www.iastoppers.com/flashcard/who-founded-the-hindustan-republican-association-hra-3/#:~:text=Hindustan%20Republican%20Association%20(HRA)%20was,an%20offshoot%20of%20Anushilan%20Samiti.|website=IAS toppers}}</ref>

In 1921, Bismil was among the many people from Shahjahanpur who attended the [[Ahmedabad]] Congress. He had a seat on the dias, along with the senior congressman [[Prem Krishna Khanna]], and the revolutionary [[Ashfaqulla Khan]]. Bismil played an active role in the Congress with [[Maulana Hasrat Mohani]] and got the most debated proposal of ''Poorna Swaraj'' passed in the General Body meeting of Congress. [[Mohandas K. Gandhi]], who was not in the favour of this proposal became quite helpless before the overwhelming demand of youths. He returned to Shahjahanpur and mobilised the youths of United Province for non-co-operation with the Government. The people of U.P. were so much influenced by the furious speeches and verses of Bismil that they became hostile against British Raj. As per statement of Banarsi Lal (approver)<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q0gQCrZ6hZwC&pg=PA180 |title=Perspectives in Indian History |editor-first=Atul Kumar |editor-last=Sinha |year=2004 |chapter=Revisiting Kakori Case on the basis of Vernacular Reportage |first=Habib |last=Manzar |page=180|publisher=Anamika Publishers & Distributors |isbn=9788179750766 }}</ref> made in the court – "Ram Prasad used to say that independence would not be achieved by means of non-violence."<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2007 |journal=Journal of Punjab Studies |url=https://punjab.global.ucsb.edu/sites/default/files/sitefiles/journals/volume14/no2/review_article.pdf |access-date=14 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001140644/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal_14_2/review_article.pdf|archive-date=1 October 2015 |first1=Bhagat |last1=Singh |title=Review Article |url-status=live}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=April 2022}}

In February 1922 some agitating farmers were killed in [[Chauri Chaura incident|Chauri Chaura by the police]]. The police station of Chauri Chaura was attacked by the people and 22 policemen were burnt alive. Gandhi declared an immediate stop to the non-co-operation movement without consulting any executive committee member of the Congress. Bismil and his group of youths strongly opposed Gandhi in the [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] session of Indian National Congress (1922). When Gandhi refused to rescind his decision, its then-president [[Chittranjan Das]] resigned. In January 1923, the rich group of party formed a new [[Swaraj Party]] under the joint leadership of [[Moti Lal Nehru]] and Chittranjan Das, and the youth group formed a revolutionary party under the leadership of Bismil.{{Sfn|Arya|1984}}{{Sfn|Waraich|2007|p=56}}

==Yellow Paper constitution==
With the consent of [[Lala Har Dayal]], Bismil went to Allahabad where he drafted the constitution of the party in 1923 with the help of [[Sachindra Nath Sanyal]] and another revolutionary of [[Bengal]], Dr. [[Jadugopal Mukherjee]]. The basic name and aims of the organisation were typed on a ''Yellow Paper''<ref name="Manzar 2004 178">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q0gQCrZ6hZwC&pg=PA180 |title=Perspectives in Indian History |editor-first=Atul Kumar |editor-last=Sinha |year=2004 |chapter=Revisiting Kakori Case on the basis of Vernacular Reportage |first=Habib |last=Manzar |pages=178|publisher=Anamika Publishers & Distributors |isbn=9788179750766 }}</ref> and later on a subsequent Constitutional Committee Meeting was conducted on 3 October 1924 at [[Kanpur|Cawnpore]] in U.P. under the Chairmanship of Sachindra Nath Sanyal.{{Sfn|Bhishma|1929|p=71}}

This meeting decided the name of the party would be the [[Hindustan Republican Association]] (HRA). After a long discussion from others Bismil was declared there the District Organiser of Shahjahanpur and Chief of Arms Division. An additional responsibility of Provincial Organiser of United Province (Agra and Oudh) was also entrusted to him. Sachindra Nath Sanyal, was unanimously nominated as National Organiser and another senior member [[Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee]], was given the responsibility of Coordinator, [[Anushilan Samiti]]. After attending the meeting in Kanpur, both Sanyal and Chatterjee left the U.P. and proceeded to Bengal for further extension of the organisation.{{Sfn|Simha|2009|p=v. 11}}

==Manifesto of H.R.A.==
{{Main|Manifesto of H.R.A.}}
A pamphlet entitled as ''The Revolutionary'' was distributed throughout the United Province in India in the beginning of January 1925. Copies of this leaflet, referred to in the evidence as the "White Leaflet", were also found with some other alleged conspirators of Kakori Conspiracy as per judgement of the Chief Court of Oudh. A typed copy of this manifesto was found with [[Manmath Nath Gupta]].<ref name="Manzar 2004 178"/> It was nothing but the [[Manifesto of H.R.A.]] in the form of a four paged printed pamphlet on white paper which was circulated secretly by post and by hands in most of the districts of United Province and other parts of India.

This pamphlet bore no name of the printing press. The heading of the pamphlet was: "The Revolutionary" (An Organ of the Revolutionary Party of India). It was given first number and first issue of the publication. The date of its publication was given as 1 January 1925.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hanging of Ram Prasad Bismil: the judgement |first=Malwinder Jit Singh |last=Waraich |pages=12–13 |publisher=Unistar Books, [[Chandigarh]] |year=2007|oclc = 219562122|ref=none}}</ref>

==Kakori train robbery==
{{main|Kakori conspiracy}}
{{External media|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mu2o0lxDKSU Kakori train action.]}}
Bismil executed a meticulous plan for looting the government treasury carried in a train at [[Kakori]] near [[Lucknow]]. This event happened on 9 August 1925 and is known as the [[Kakori train robbery]]. Ten revolutionaries stopped the Saharanpur–Lucknow passenger train at Kakori – a station just before [[Lucknow Junction railway station|Lucknow Junction]]. German-made [[Mauser C96]] semi-automatic pistols were used in this action. Ashfaqulla Khan, the lieutenant of the HRA Chief Ram Prasad Bismil gave away his Mauser to [[Manmath Nath Gupta]] and engaged himself to break open the cash chest. Eagerly watching a new weapon in his hand, Manmath Nath Gupta fired the pistol and accidentally shot and killed passenger Ahmed Ali, who had gotten down from the train to see his wife in the ladies compartment.

More than 40 revolutionaries were arrested whereas only 10 persons had taken part in the decoity. Persons completely unrelated to the incident were also captured. However some of them were let off. The government appointed [[Jagat Narain Mulla]] as public prosecutor at an incredible fee. Dr. Harkaran Nath Mishra (Barrister M.L.A.) and Dr. Mohan Lal Saxena (M.L.C.) were appointed as defence counsel. A defence committee was also formed to defend the accused.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q0gQCrZ6hZwC&pg=PA180 |title=Perspectives in Indian History |editor-first=Atul Kumar |editor-last=Sinha |year=2004 |chapter=Revisiting Kakori Case on the basis of Vernacular Reportage |first=Habib |last=Manzar |pages=179–180|publisher=Anamika Publishers & Distributors |isbn=9788179750766 }}</ref> [[Govind Ballabh Pant]], [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]] and Kripa Shankar Hajela defended their case. The men were found guilty and subsequent appeals failed. On 16 September 1927, a final appeal for clemency was forwarded to the [[privy council]] in London but that also failed.{{Sfn|Waraich|2007|p=97}}

Following 18 months of legal process, Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Roshan Singh and [[Rajendra Nath Lahiri]] were sentenced to death. Bismil was hanged on 19 December 1927 at [[Gorakhpur]] Jail, Ashfaqulla Khan at the [[Faizabad]] Jail and Thakur Roshan Singh at Naini Allahabad Jail. Lahiri had been hanged two days earlier at [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]] Jail.

Bismil's body was taken to the [[West Rapti River|Rapti]] river for a Hindu cremation, and the site became known as ''Rajghat.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=VIDEO: देश में बना पहला अशफाक उल्ला खां और राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल स्मारक, हिंदू-मुस्लिम भाईचारे की मिसाल कर रहा पेश|url=https://www.patrika.com/bulandshahr-news/first-ashfaq-ullah-khan-and-ram-prasad-bismil-smarak-5684595/|access-date=2020-09-14|website=Patrika News|date=23 January 2020|language=hi}}</ref>

==Literary works==
Bismil published a pamphlet titled ''Deshvasiyon ke nam sandesh'' (en: A message to my countrymen). While living underground, he translated some of Bengali books viz. ''Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot'' (en: The Bolshevik's programme) and ''Yogik Sadhan'' (of Arvind Ghosh). Beside these a collection of poems ''Man Ki Lahar'' (en: A sally of mind) and ''Swadeshi Rang'' was also written by him. Another ''Swadhinta ki devi: Catherine'' was fabricated from an English book<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/littlegrandmothe00bresuoft|title=The little grandmother of the Russian revolution;|first1=Ekaterina Konstantinovna|last1=Breshko-Breshkovskaia|first2=Alice Stone|last2=Blackwell|date=1 January 1918|publisher=Boston, Little, Brown|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> into Hindi. All of these were published by him in ''Sushil Mala'' series. Bismil wrote his autobiography while he was kept as [[condemned prisoner]] in Gorakhpur jail.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rajesh Tanti|url=http://archive.org/details/HindiRamprasadBismilKiAtmakatha|title=Hindi Ramprasad Bismil Ki Atmakatha|date=2016-06-24}}</ref>{{Sfn|Arya|1984|p=93}}

The autobiography of Ram Prasad Bismil was published under the cover title of ''Kakori ke shaheed'' by [[Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi]] in 1928 from Pratap Press, [[Kanpur|Cawnpore]]. A rough translation of this book was prepared by the Criminal Investigation Department of United Province in British India. Translated book was circulated as confidential document for official and police use throughout the country.{{Sfn|Bhishma|1929|p=125}}

He immortalised the poem [[Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna]], [[Man Ki Lahar]] and [[Swadeshi Rang]] as a war cry during the [[British Raj]] period in India.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hasan|first1=Mushirul|title=Roads to Freedom: Prisoners in Colonial India|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199089673|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIM8DwAAQBAJ&q=%22Bismil+Azimabadi%22&pg=PT95|access-date=6 December 2017}}</ref> It was first published in journal "Sabah", published from Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |first=T. M. Zeya |last=Ulhaque |url=http://www.spritualworld.com/2013/11/bismil-azimabadi-life-sketcs.html |title=Bismil Azimabadi : Life Sketch |publisher=Spritualworld.com |date=November 2013 |access-date=2016-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121204/http://www.spritualworld.com/2013/11/bismil-azimabadi-life-sketcs.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Memorials==
[[File:Bismil Park2811.JPEG|thumb|right|200px|Ram Prasad Bismil Udyan ([[Park]]) in [[Greater Noida]]]]
Shaheed Smarak Samiti of [[Shahjahanpur]] established a memorial at Khirni Bagh mohalla of Shahjahanpur city where Bismil was born in 1897 and named it "Amar Shaheed Ram Prasad Bismil Smarak". A statue made of white marble was inaugurated by the then [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] [[Motilal Vora]] on 18 December 1994 on the eve of the martyr's 69th death anniversary.<ref>{{Cite web|title=जयंती विशेष:रामप्रसाद बिस्मिल ने फांसी से तीन दिन पहले इस जेल में पूरी की थी आत्मकथा|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/gorakhpur/special-on-birth-anniversary-of-pandit-ramprasad-bismil-story|access-date=2020-09-14|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref>

The Northern railway zone of [[Indian Railways]] built the [[Pt Ram Prasad Bismil railway station]], {{convert|11|km|mi}} from Shahajahanpur.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/pt-ram-prasad-bismil-prpm/10021|title=PRPM/Pt Ram Prasad Bismil (1 PFs) Railway Station Map/Atlas – India Rail Info}}</ref>

There is a memorial to the [[Kakori]] conspiracists at Kakori itself. It was inaugurated by the [[prime minister]] of India, [[Indira Gandhi]], on 19 December 1983.<ref>{{cite news |first=Arunav |last=Sinha |title=Tourist spot tag may uplift Kakori |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Tourist-spot-tag-may-uplift-Kakori/articleshow/9535203.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916130548/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-09/lucknow/29868140_1_kakori-shaheed-smarak-memorial-ram-prasad-bismil |url-status=live |archive-date=16 September 2011 |location=Lucknow |date=9 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 January 2014}}</ref>

The [[Government of India]] issued a multicoloured commemorative [[postal stamp]] on 19 December 1997 in Bismil's birth centenary year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/R/RAM%20PRASAD%20BISMIL%20-%20ASHFAQUALLAH%20KHAN|title=RAM PRASAD BISMIL – ASHFAQUALLAH KHAN}}</ref>

The government of Uttar Pradesh had named a park after him: Amar Shaheed Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil Udyan is near Rampur Jagir village, where Bismil lived underground after the Mainpuri conspiracy case in 1919.<ref>{{cite news |title=वतन की ख्वाहिशों पे जिंदगानी कुर्बान(en:Sacrifice of life for homeland) |newspaper= [[Dainik Jagran]] ([[Hindi]] Jagran City-Greater Noida) [[New Delhi]]|page=24 |date=12 August 2012 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Biography}}
* [[Ashfaqullah Khan]]
* [[Sukhdev Thapar]]
* [[Chandrashekar Azad]]
* [[Shivaram Rajguru]]
* [[Bhagat Singh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Cited works ===
* {{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian war of independence, 1857–1947 |first=Ema Ke |last=Simha |volume=v.11 |publisher=Anmol Publications, New Delhi, India |year=2009|oclc = 277548369}}
* {{cite book |title= Kakori-ke-shahid: martyrs of the Kakori conspiracy case|first=(pseud) |last=Bhishma |pages=125 |publisher=Government Press, United Provinces, Allahabad |year=1929|oclc = 863324363}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bismil|first=Ram Prasad|url=https://www.44books.com/hindi-books/ram-prasad-bismil|title=Main Krantikari kaise bana|publisher=44 Books|year=1927|isbn=9788128808166}}
* {{Cite book|last=Arya|first=Amit|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zcUFpdCQAfjWZiEZmwzZKTfGNOUfDDLz/view|title=राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल जी की जीवनी हिंदी की सर्वश्रेष्ठ आत्मकथा|publisher=Amitaryavart|year=1984|isbn=978-81-7871-059-4|location=[[New Delhi]], India}}
* {{Cite book|last=Waraich|first=Malwinder Jit Singh|title=Misusing from the gallows: autobiography of Ram Prasad Bismil|publisher=Unistar books|year=2007|location=[[Ludhiana]]|pages=101|oclc=180690320}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*[[s:Constitution of Hindustan Republican Association|Constitution of Hindustan Republican Association]]
*[http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3ABismila+Ramaprasada%2C&qt=results_page Books of Ram Prasad Bismil in worldcat]
{{Authority control}}
{{Indian independence movement}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bismil, Ram Prasad}}
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1927 deaths]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:People from Shahjahanpur]]
[[Category:People from Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:20th-century executions by British India]]
[[Category:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
[[Category:Executed Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:People executed by British India by hanging]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Manipur]]

Marathakavalli David

2026-02-08T12:09:59Z

KINGRON: new

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox clergy
| honorific_prefix = [[The Reverend]]
| name = Marathakavalli David, [[Church of South India|CSI]]
| honorific_suffix = ''Ammagaru''
| image = 
| image_size = 
| alt =
| caption = 
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1950<ref name="Femina">Nimmi Chakola, ''Kerala's First Woman Priest'' in ''[[Femina (India)|Femina]]'', July 23-August 7, 1989, p.41.</ref>
| birth_place = [[Neyyattinkara]],<ref name="Political">''Women can serve flock well: Kerala’s first female cleric'' in ''The Political and Business Daily'', Wednesday, 28 April 2010. [http://www.pbd.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5441:women-can-serve-flock-well-keralas-first-female-cleric&catid=9:edit&Itemid=13]</ref> [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| death_date = 2011<ref name="Malankara"/>
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| other_names =
| citizenship = [[India]]n
| education =
*[[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] (Kerala),
*[[Bachelor of Divinity|B.D.]] (Serampore)
| alma_mater =
*[[Kerala University]],<ref name="Political"/> [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
*[[Kerala United Theological Seminary]],<ref name="Political"/> Thiruvananthapuram
| occupation = [[Pastor]]
| years_active =
| religion = [[Christianity]]
| parents = [[Smt.]] Gnanakristi and [[Sri]] M. G. Davy<ref name="Femina"/>
| relations = 
| church = [[Church of South India]] ([[Diocese of South Kerala]])<ref name="Mandate">M. Ezra Sargunam, ''Mission Mandate: A Compendium on the Perspective of Missions in India'', Mission India 2000, Madras, 1992, p.538. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pyPkAAAAMAAJ&q=Marathakavalli+David]</ref>
| ordained = May 28, 1989<ref name="Bhattacherje">S. B. Bhattacherje, ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates'', (Sixth revised edition), Sterling Paperbacks, New Delhi, 2008, p.A268.[https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&dq=Marathakavalli+David&pg=SL1-PA268]</ref> by [[Bishop]] [[I. Jesudason]]<ref name="UCA">''[[Church of South India]] ordains Kerala's first Woman Priest'' in ''The Union of Catholic Asian News (UCAN)'', June 06 1989. [http://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/1989/06/06/church-of-south-india-ordains-keralas-first-woman-priest&post_id=38046]</ref> at the [[Church of South India|CSI]]-Mateer Memorial Church,<ref name="UCA"/> [[Trivandrum]]
| writings =
| congregations = In [[Kerala]]: Nediakala,<ref name="Today"/> [[Kollam]],<ref name="Rediff"/> Nannamkuzhy, Meppallikonam, Meenara, Poozhikkunnu, [[Jagathy]] and Aakkulam.<ref name="Malankara"/> 
In [[Telangana]]: [[Bhainsa]]<ref name="Rediff"/>
| offices_held = [[Presbyter]], [[Diocese of South Kerala]]
| title = [[The Reverend]]
| website = 
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
}}
{{Portal|Christianity}}
'''Marathakavalli David''' (1950<ref name="Femina"/>-2011<ref name="Malankara">''Rev. Marathakavalli passes away'' in ''Malankara Nazrani'', October 2011.[https://web.archive.org/web/20160423172829/http://malankaranazrani.com/CSI%20Church/Rev%20Marathakavalli%20Passes%20away.htm]</ref>) was the first<ref name="Today">[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19910630-reverend-marathakavalley-david-becomes-first-woman-priest-in-kerala-814485-1991-06-29 ''Holy Habit'' in ''India Today'', June 30, 1991]</ref> woman [[Priest]] in [[Kerala]]<ref name="Today"/> hailing from the [[South Kerala Diocese]]<ref name="Mandate"/> (headquartered in [[Trivandrum]]) of the [[Church of South India]] who was ordained in 1989.<ref name="Today"/>

Marathakavalli trod her path in difficult streams as the [[Ordination of women]] was still being debated in her [[Christian Church|Church]] Society. When the issue of [[Ordination of women]] came up in the [[Church of South India Synod]] in 1970, it was vehemently opposed leading a [[decade]] of debate and [[protracted]]<ref name="UCA"/> legal recourse initiated by the opponents but eventually the persistence of the [[Church of South India Synod]] led to a majority vote in 1982 favouring the [[ordination of women]] in the [[Church of South India]]. While [[Elizabeth Paul]] became the first ordained woman [[Priest]] in [[India]] in 1987,<ref name="Ralte">Lalrinawmi Ralte, [[Evangeline Anderson Rajkumar]] (Edited), ''Feminist Hermeneutics'', Indian Women in Theology / Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, New Delhi, 2002. pp.8–9. [https://books.google.com/books?id=jBuUAAAACAAJ]</ref> Marathakavalli David became the first woman [[priest]] in [[Kerala]] in 1989.<ref name="Today"/>

Since her school days,<ref name="Rediff">''Women priests better equipped to console grief-stricken'', in ''The Rediff News'', April 26, 2010. [http://www.rediff.com/news/report/what-kerala-first-female-cleric-says/20100426.htm]</ref> Marathakavalli nursed an ambition to become a [[Priest]] and was influenced<ref name="Rediff"/> by the lives of [[Florence Nightingale]] and [[William Carey (missionary)|William Carey]] who strove to serve mankind<ref name="Rediff"/> braving all odds. She also acknowledges the inspiration from one of the pioneer [[missionaries]], [[The Reverend|Rev.]] Harris.<ref name="Rediff"/>

==The issue of women's ordination in the Church==
It was during the 1970<ref name="Gill">Kenneth E. Gill, ''Count us Equal : The Ministry of Women in the Church of South India'', [[Association of Theologically Trained Women in India]], 1990. pp.48–49. [https://books.google.com/books?id=tCJrGwAACAAJ]</ref> [[Church of South India Synod]] that [[P. Solomon]], then [[Moderator of the General Assembly|moderator]], opened the process for the [[ordination of women]] as [[priests]] which finally got a two-thirds majority after nearly 12 years in 1982<ref name="Gill"/> during the period of [[I. Jesudason]], then [[Moderator of the General Assembly|moderator]]. After successive [[ordinations]] that followed beginning with [[Elizabeth Paul]] in 1987 and others, Marathakavalli was ordained in 1989 by [[I. Jesudason]],<ref name="Straits">''Housewife made Protestant priest'' in ''The Straits Times'', 11 April 1989, Page 4.[http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19890411-1.1.4.aspx]</ref> then [[Bishop]] - in - [[Diocese of South Kerala|South Kerala]] (headquartered in [[Trivandrum]]). The year 1989 was eventful as the [[Church of South India Synod]] was led by [[Moderator of the General Assembly|Moderator]] [[Victor Premasagar]], who all along took the scriptural stance, also echoed by [[I. Jesudason]],<ref name="Straits"/> that there was nothing standing in the way of women's ordination. [[Victor Premasagar|Premasagar]], an [[Old Testament]] Scholar and a member of the Society for Biblical Studies in India comprising the [[Old Testament]] and [[New Testament]] Scholars hailing from the [[Protestant]], [[Catholic]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] and [[Charismatic]] was regarded for his Scholarship and some<ref>See list of members of the [[Pontifical Biblical Commission]] in Arlene Swidler and Leonard Swidler (Edited), ''Women Priests'', Paulist Press, 1977, pp. 338-346.[http://www.womenpriests.org/classic/appendix.asp]</ref> of his [[Catholic]] counterparts who were members of the [[Pontifical Biblical Commission]] that met in 1976 concluded with a majority of 12<ref name="Felix">Felix M. Podamattam, ''In Praise of Woman: Psychological, sociological, and pastoral considerations'', Volume II, Media House, New Delhi, p.232. [https://books.google.com/books?id=YSK53CSOQ3AC&dq=pontifical+biblical+commission+ordination+of+women+votes&pg=PA4]</ref> in favour and 5 against that the [[scripture]] did not bar<ref name="Felix"/> the [[ordination of women]]. However, [[Pope Benedict XVI|Cardinal Ratzinger]] subsequently ensured that a circulars were issued to the effect that anyone raising the issue of women's ordination ''(see [[Catholic Church doctrine on the ordination of women]])'' in the [[Catholic]] Church was liable for [[blasphemy]] and summarily [[excommunicated]]<ref>[[Roman Catholic Womenpriests]]</ref> with no grounds.<ref>[[Joseph Ratzinger as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]]</ref>
[[File:M.M.Church.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Church of South India|CSI]]-[[Mateer Memorial Church|Mateer Memorial CSI Church]], [[Trivandrum]] where Marathagavalli was [[ordained]] in 1989.<ref name="Bhattacherje"/>]]

==Studies==
After graduate studies from the [[Kerala University]],<ref name="Rediff"/> Marathakavalli had her ministerial formation at the [[Kerala United Theological Seminary]],<ref name="Straits"/> [[Trivandrum]], a [[seminary]] founded in 1943<ref>Leslie Brown, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=x5UcAAAAMAAJ&q=kerala+united+theological+seminary Three Worlds, One Word: Account of a Mission]'', Collings, 1981, p.64.</ref> and affiliated to the nation's first<ref name="UNESCO">[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0017/001790/179035eb.pdf UNESCO Structures of University Education in India, 1952]</ref> University, the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]]. Marathakavalli studied during the principalship of Jacob Varghese and other spiritual formators comprising [[J. W. Gladstone]] and others.

==Ecclesiastical ministry==
After Marathakavalli's spiritual formation at the [[Kerala United Theological Seminary]], [[Trivandrum]], she was assigned the role of a Bible woman at Christ Church, [[Kollam]],<ref name="Rediff"/> then Nediakala,<ref name="Today"/> Nannamkuzhy, Meppallikonam, Meenara, Poozhikkunnu, [[Jagathy]] and Aakkulam.<ref name="Malankara"/> Marathakavalli also went on missionary work to [[Bhainsa]]<ref name="Rediff"/> in [[Adilabad District]] in [[Telangana]], where the [[South Kerala Diocese]] has a few missionary stations.

==Retrospect==
Though women studying [[theology]] has become widely accepted over the [[decades]], their desire to become a [[priest]] was being met with widespread criticism and resentment till the late 20th century. [[Victor Premasagar]] wrote that [[B. V. Subbamma]], the first woman [[senator]] of the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]] and a member of the [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church]] could have been ordained long ago, but Church leaders fearing her leadership kept the issue of [[Ordination of women]] aside in her Church Society.<ref>[[Victor Premasagar]], ''Indian Women in Evangelism and Theology'', Published by Dr. B. V. Subbamma, Guntur, October 2005. pp. 12–15.</ref> The [[Association of Theologically Trained Women in India]] took up the cause of [[ordination of women]], bringing up the issue with the [[Christian Church|Churches]] in [[India]]. However, skeptics considered [[priesthood]] to be the exclusive domain of [[men]], leading to widespread debate in the [[Christian Church|Church]]. Though the [[Second Vatican Council]] that concluded in 1965 could not initiate the debate on the [[ordination of women]], the [[Pontifical Biblical commission]] took up the debate in 1976. While this was so, the [[Anglican Communion]] began ordaining women since 1944,<ref>See [[Florence Li Tim-Oi]]</ref> but this was not reciprocated in other parts of the world where the [[Anglican Communion]] was present, including the [[Church of England]]. As for the other [[Christian Church|Churches]],<ref>See [[Ordination of women in Protestant churches]]</ref> the ground for ordination gained credence in a gradual manner. When Marathakavalli expressed her desire to become a [[priest]], the [[Church of South India Synod]] stood by her, whereas stereotypical menfolk<ref name="UCAN">''Woman's ordination by [[Church of South India]] sparks interdenominational debate'', in ''The Union of Catholic Asian News (UCAN)'', 3 May 1989.[http://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/1989/05/03/womans-ordination-by-church-of-si-sparks-interdenominational-debate&post_id=37910]</ref> stood firm in retaining their [[orthodoxy]] with unfounded claims that women were 'unclean' and 'unfit'.<ref name="Today"/>

In 2010, after more than two [[decades]] of pastoral ministry ever since her [[ordination]] in 1989, Marathakavalli proved her [[skeptics]]<ref name="UCAN"/> wrong and bore no ill will against them. Marathakavalli reminiscences,<ref name="Rediff"/>

{{blockquote|''Though all in the church were not happy with the ordination of a woman, I believe that in course of time I could reverse the opinion of the skeptics through my dedicated work. From by experience, I can say with confidence that women priests are better equipped to console the grief-stricken.''<ref name="Rediff"/>}}

==Eternity==
Marathakavalli died at the age of 60<ref name="Malankara"/> in October 2011,<ref name="Malankara"/> and the funeral mass was conducted by [[The Right Reverend]] Dharmaraj Rasalam<ref name="Malankara"/> the present [[bishop]] - in - [[South Kerala Diocese|South Kerala]].

==References==
{{reflist|2|colwidth=30em}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:David, Marathakavalli}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:People from Thiruvananthapuram district]]
[[Category:Senate of Serampore College (University) alumni]]
[[Category:Scholars from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Educators from Kerala]]
[[Category:Christian clergy from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Anglican priests]]
[[Category:Church of South India clergy]]
[[Category:Women Christian clergy]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educational theorists]]
[[Category:Women educators from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women educational theorists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educational theorists]]

Manohar Mouli Biswas

2026-02-08T12:08:48Z

KINGRON: info

{{Short description|Indian poet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manohar Mouli Biswas
| image = Manohar Mouli Biswas.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1943|10|03}}
| birth_place = Dakshin Matiargati, [[Bagerhat]], Undivided Bengal, [[British India]]
| occupation = Bilingual writer and poet
| parents = Late Prahlad Chandra Biswas and Late Panchu Bala Biswas}}

'''Manohar Mouli Biswas''' is the pseudonymous appellation adopted by '''Manohar Biswas''', a bilingual poet, essayist, and luminary figure in [[Dalit literature|Dalit Literature]] from the [[Bengal|Bengal region]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Acharya|first1=Indranil|title=Search for an Alternative Aesthetic in Bangla Dalit Poetry|journal=Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities|volume=VI|issue=2|pages=96–106|url=http://rupkatha.com/V6/n2/11_Bangla_Dalit_Poetry.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Johny|first1=S|title=Voices of a Subaltern Diaspora: A Reading of Manohar Mouli Biswas' Surviving in My World|journal=Research Journal of English Language and Literature|volume=5|issue=2|pages=44–47|url=https://www.rjelal.com/5.2.17/44-47%20Voices%20of%20a%20Subaltern%20Diaspora.pdf|access-date=26 June 2017|archive-date=14 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614233058/http://rjelal.com/5.2.17/44-47%20Voices%20of%20a%20Subaltern%20Diaspora.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Das|first1=Suvasis|title=The Subaltern Can Speak: A Reading of Manohar Mouli Biswas's Autobiography Surviving in My World: Growing up Dalit in Bengal|journal=International Research Journal of Interdisciplinary & Multidisciplinary Studies |date=April 2017|volume=3|issue=3|pages=84–93|url=http://www.irjims.com/files/SUVASIS-DAS.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bhaumik|first1=Mahuya |last2=Sarangi |first2=Jaydeep|title=Growing up Dalit in Bengal: Conversation with Manohar Mouli Biswas|journal= Clear|volume=4|issue=1|pages=37–45|doi=10.1515/clear-2017-0005|year=2017|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Haldar|first1=Santanu|title=Manohar Biswas: A revolutionary Dalit voice in Bengali Dalit Literature|url=http://www.merinews.com/article/manohar-biswas-a-revolutionary-dalit-voice-in-bengali-dalit-literature/15882505.shtml|agency=Merinews|date=8 March 2013|access-date=26 June 2017|archive-date=26 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426211732/http://www.merinews.com/article/manohar-biswas-a-revolutionary-dalit-voice-in-bengali-dalit-literature/15882505.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Life and career==

Manohar Mouli Biswas, born into the [[Namasudra]] caste in Dakshin Matiargati, [[Khulna]], [[East Bengal]], in 1943, navigated a challenging trajectory marked by profound poverty during his formative years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A rose of revolt: Two poems in Bengali - Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/long-reads/holding-a-mirror-to-bengali-society-3708583.html|access-date=2020-06-15|website=www.firstpost.com|language=en}}</ref> Overcoming adversities, he surmounted obstacles to attain an education, ultimately establishing himself as a distinguished Dalit writer in [[India]]. Strikingly, none of his ancestors had the privilege of formal schooling. Witnessing the hardships and humiliation endured by the illiterate masses, he openly acknowledges his status as a first-generation learner within his family. The accumulation of these experiences and the associated pain served as the impetus for his foray into writing.

His transformative encounter with Dalit communities and the Dalit literary movement in [[Maharashtra]] during his residence in [[Nagpur]] in 1968–1969 significantly altered the trajectory of his literary pursuits.

Manohar Mouli Biswas occupies a venerable position as the current President of Bangla Dalit Sahitya Sanstha. He has steered the editorial direction of the ground-breaking bi-monthly [[literary magazine]] "Dalit Mirror" in English for over a decade. This periodical serves as a staunch advocate for the Dalits in Bengal.

His literary oeuvre encompasses four volumes of poetry, a collection of short stories, seven essay anthologies, and an autobiography titled "Amar Bhubaney Ami Benche Thaki" (2013). The latter has been translated by Angana Dutta and [[Jaydeep Sarangi]] as "Surviving in My World: Growing Up Dalit in Bengal" (2015).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Thieme|first1=John|title=Review(s) of: Surviving in my world: Growing up Dalit in Bengal, by Manohar Mouli Biswas. Trans. and ed. by Angana Dutta and Jaydeep Sarangi, Kolkata: Samya|journal=Commonwealth Essays and Studies|date=Spring 2016|volume=38|issue=2|pages=135–137|doi=10.4000/ces.5644 |url=http://journals.openedition.org/ces/5644|doi-access=free}}</ref> This translated autobiography has garnered national and international acclaim, securing inclusion in the curricula of various universities. Jaydeep Sarangi has further contributed to the scholarly discourse on Biswas by editing a collection of essays titled "Bangla Dalit Writer Writes Back" (2019).

==Poems in translation==
His poems are translated widely from [[Bengali language|Bangla]] into English and into other languages. His translated poems are gradually attracted by the wide-readers, and have come into the scholastic discussions. ''A Rose of Revolt: Two Poems in Bengali'' by: Manohar Mouli Biswas<ref>{{cite web|title=A Rose of Revolt: Two Poems in Bengali |first=Manohar Mouli |last=Biswas |date=19 June 2017 |url=http://www.firstpost.com/long-reads/holding-a-mirror-to-bengali-society-3708583.html}}</ref> –
{{Verse translation|italicsoff=yes|
{{lang|bn|'''ফুলন দেবী'''

চব্বিশবারের বদলা নিয়ে ছিলে একুশটি
ইচ্ছা তো ছিল চব্বিশটির
এই সাহস তোমাকে কে দিয়েছিল?
অপমান, না লজ্জা ঢাকার পণ?
শুনেছি, হে ফুলন, তুমি শূদ্রা ছিলে
দূর গাঁয়ের দরিদ্র দুর্বলার
যারা বলাৎকারী
জেনে নিক এই সত্য
বেহড়বাগী ফুলন প্রতিটি রমনী।}}
|
'''Phoolan Devi'''

At the age of twenty four
She gun fired all
Against humiliation
Her determination registered
Oh! Phoolan, you have come from
The lowest caste
From a marginalised village.
Oppressors of women, be aware of it—
She resists at some points;
Every woman is a Phoolan in spirit}}

{{Verse translation|italicsoff=yes|
{{lang|bn|'''সংগ্রাম'''

আমার শরীরের জ্যান্ত মাংসের মধ্যে
কিল বিল হাঁটে, কাটে, পোকা?
ভিনসার অলিতে গলিতে ক্যান্সার, খরার
গোটা শরীরটাকে টুকরো টুকরো-
হায়রে, খান্ খান্ ঝরে কেন?
লাল পতাকা রক্তের নেশা
প্রতিরোধ কনিকার প্রয়াস
তরতরে তাজা ব্যক্তিতে আমার
গোটা শরীরটার প্রয়োজন ওই
সংগ্রাম প্রতিটি ক্ষয়িত কোষের বাঁচার।}}
|
'''Warfare'''
In the flesh alive of my body
The worms eat up, bit by bit.
Why does the cancer spread in streets of the whole body?
Red flag has thirst for blood;
A rose of revolt.
All my decaying cells
Restore the spirit I have
To live as rails of protest.}}
- translated by [[Jaydeep Sarangi]]

==List of works==

===Poetry collections===

* Ora Amar Kabita (8 May 1985), Dipali Book House, [[Kolkata]], West Bengal
* Tarer Kanna : Titiksha (31 December 1987), J/3 Tangra Govt. Housing Estate; distributed by Aditya Prakashalaya, [[Kolkata]], West Bengal
* Vivikto Uthaney Ghar (June 1991), J/3 Tangra Housing Estate; distributed by Dipali Book House, [[Kolkata]], West Bengal
* Poetic Rendering As Yet Unborn, (Translation of Bangla poetry in English) (2010), published by Shubhra Biswas in [[Calcutta Book Fair]] 2010, [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, {{ISBN|978-81-926702-1-8}}
* Bikshata Kaler Banshi (16 August 2013), Chaturtha Dunia, Stall22 Bhabani Dutta Lane, [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, {{ISBN|978-81-926702-5-6}}
* The Wheel Will Turn (Translation of Bangla poetry in English) (2014), Cyberwit.net, [[Allahabad]], [[India]], {{ISBN|978-81-928187-3-3}}

===Short story===
* Krishna Mrittikar Manoosh(8 May 1988), published by Satyabrata Majumdar; distributed by Nirmal Book Agency, [[Kolkata]], West Bengal

===Autobiography===
* Amar Bhubaney Ami Benche Thaki (13 June 2013), Chaturtha Dunia, [[Kolkata]] {{ISBN|978-81-926702-4-9}}
* Surviving in My World : Growing Up Dalit in Bengal (2015), Stree {{ISBN|978-81-926702-4-9}}

===Essays===
* Dalit Sahityer Digboloy (1992), J/3 Tangra Govt. Housing Estate; distributed by Dr. Ambedkar Prakashani, Dalua, Garia, [[South 24 Parganas]], West Bengal
* Yuktivadi Bharatbarsha: Ekti Aitihyer Sandhan (1998), Chaturtha Dunia, [[Kolkata]], {{ISBN|81-86551-13-1}}
* Vonnochokhe Prabandha Mala (14 April 2003), Chaturtha Dunia, [[Kolkata]] {{ISBN|978-81-926702-6-3}}
* Dalit Sahityer Ruparekha (February 2007), Bani Silpa, [[Kolkata]]
* Prabandhe Prantajan Authoba Asprisher Diary (January 2010), Chaturtha Dunia, [[Kolkata]], {{ISBN|978-81-926702-2-5}}
* An Interpretation of Dalit Literature, Aesthetic, Theory and Movements: Through the Lens of Ambedkarism (January 2017), published by Shubhra Biswas on behalf of Bangla Dalit Sahitya Sanstha, and Chaturtha Dunia, [[Kolkata]], {{ISBN|978-81-926702-7-0}}

===Edited books===
* Adwaita Malla Barman: Ekti Sahityik Pratishrot (1995), Chaturtha Duniua, [[Kolkata]]
* Shatobarsher Bangla Dalit Sahitya: Bangla Dalit Writings from 1911–2010 (26 January 2011), Chaturtha Dunia, [[Kolkata]], {{ISBN|978-81-926702-3-2}}
* Chaturtha Duniar Galpa (2005), Chaturtha Dunia, [[Kolkata]]
* Krishna Chandra Thakur (Kesto Sadhu): Smriti Sambhar (1999), Chaturtha Dunia, [[Kolkata]]
* Anya Bhashar Dalit Kabita (September 1994), Chaturtha Dunia, [[Kolkata]]

===Magazine/editorial===
* Dalit Mirror (Govt. of India Registration no 71031/97), {{ISBN|978-81-926702-0-1}}

== See also ==
*[[Dalit Literature]]
*[[Manoranjan Byapari]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Biswas, Manohar Mouli}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Dalit writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]

Information and Public Relations Department, Bihar

2026-02-04T22:10:45Z

KINGRON: article

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Information and Public Relations Department, Government of Bihar
| nativename = सूचना एवं जनसंपर्क विभाग, बिहार सरकार
| nativename_a =
| nativename_r =
| seal =
| seal_width =
| seal_caption =
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| formed =
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Bihar]]
| headquarters = [[Patna]]
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name = Maheshwar Hazari
| minister1_pfo =
| chief1_name = Anupam Kumar
| chief1_position = IAS, Secretary
| chief2_name = Anil Kumar
| chief2_position = IAS, Director
| chief3_name = Ravi Bhushan Sahay
| chief3_position = BIS, Joint Director
| parent_agency =
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website = {{URL|https://state.bihar.gov.in/prdbihar}}
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Information and Public Relations Department, Bihar''' commonly referred as '''IPRD Bihar''' is an agency within the [[Government of Bihar]]. Based in Soochna Bhavan [[Patna]]. It is charged to liaison with the press, issues of press notes on behalf of government, review of tone and tenor of Hindi, English and Urdu Newspaper published in the State and the department also helps in disseminating information on various activities of the government to the people through the media and providing feedback to the government on important matters reflected in the media. IPRD is also charged with activities connected with cultural affairs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 September 2021|title=IPRD Government of Bihar Official site|url=https://state.bihar.gov.in/prdbihar|access-date=6 September 2021|website=IPRD Bihar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-03|title=IPRD delists from advt panel two newspapers linked to Thakur, prime accused in Bihar home|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/patna/iprd-delists-from-advt-panel-two-newspapers-linked-to-thakur-prime-accused-in-bihar-home/story-A8ix2DVoJ9wGgBHhK36W5O.html|access-date=2021-09-06|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

== Functions ==
The main functions of the Information and Public Relations Department are to organise visit of press representatives to different areas, accreditation of press representatives and issue of certificates, publication and display of classified advertisements in newspaper and centralized payment of bills, publications of publicity literature in different languages regarding the achievements and development programmes of the Government, publicity of the achievements of the government within and outside the state through cultural programme. It also disseminate and propagate government policies, programmes, schemes and achievements, effectively for public awareness. Documentation of progress and achievements of various department. It also helps the state government to make coordination with various department by knowing and understanding the mood, perception and feedback of people on different issues by analysis of news published in the media and to arrange quick response of government's view point among general public through media as necessary, disseminate policies, programmes and achievements of various departments for educating people and mass communication by performing role of facilitator by using various, method and resources of educating people and mass communication. Formation of creativeness for publicity of programmes, schemes and achievements of various departments through poster, pamphlet, folder, booklet, etc. and to facilitate the advertisement work.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://state.bihar.gov.in/prdbihar Information and Public Relations Department Government of Bihar]

[[Category:Government of Bihar]]

Bhiwandi Lok Sabha constituency

2026-02-02T09:08:25Z

KINGRON: creating basic info more to come...

{{Short description|Parliament constituency in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhiwandi Lok Sabha
| type = LS
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Maharashtra/Bhiwandi.map}}
| map_caption = Bhiwandi Lok Sabha Constituency map
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| established = 1952
| assembly_cons = [[Bhiwandi Rural Assembly constituency|Bhiwandi Rural]] [[Shahapur, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Shahapur]] [[Bhiwandi West Assembly constituency|Bhiwandi West]] [[Bhiwandi East Assembly constituency|Bhiwandi East]] [[Kalyan West Assembly constituency|Kalyan West]] [[Murbad Assembly constituency|Murbad]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mp = [[Suresh G. Mhatre]]
| party = {{Party index link|Nationalist Congress Party - Sharadchandra Pawar}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| electors =
| preceded_by = [[Kapil Patil]]
}}

'''Bhiwandi Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 48 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]]. This constituency came into existence on 19 February 2008 as a part of the implementation of the [[President of India|Presidential]] notification based on the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] constituted on 12 July 2002.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/20/stories/2008022058631200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228022947/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/20/stories/2008022058631200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 February 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Delimitation notification comes into effect|date=20 February 2008}}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Bhiwandi Lok Sabha constituency comprises six Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) segments. These segments are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=25 February 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
!colspan=2 |Leading {{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|134
|[[Bhiwandi Rural Assembly constituency|Bhiwandi Rural]] (ST)
|rowspan="6" | [[Thane District|Thane]]
|[[Shantaram More]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|135
|[[Shahapur, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Shahapur]] (ST)
|[[Daulat Daroda]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent (politician)}}" |
|[[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|-
|136
|[[Bhiwandi West Assembly constituency|Bhiwandi West]]
|[[Mahesh Prabhakar Choughule|Mahesh Choughule]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|137
|[[Bhiwandi East Assembly constituency|Bhiwandi East]]
|[[Rais Shaikh]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|-
|138
|[[Kalyan West Assembly constituency|Kalyan West]]
|[[Vishwanath Bhoir]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|139
|[[Murbad Assembly constituency|Murbad]]
|[[Kisan Kathore]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable "
|-
!Year
!Name
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
| [[Yashwantrao Martandrao Mukne|Yashwantrao Mukne]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| [[Sonubhau Dagadu Baswant|Sonubhau Baswant]]
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
| Vaijnath Dhamankar
|-
| colspan=4 align=center|''Constituency abolished''
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| [[Suresh Kashinath Taware|Suresh Taware]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Kapil Patil]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan="2"|
| rowspan="2"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| [[Suresh G. Mhatre]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Bhiwandi]]|candidatetitle=Candidate}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|candidate=[[Suresh G. Mhatre]]|votes=4,99,464|percentage=39.85|change=''New''}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Kapil Patil]]|votes=4,33,343|percentage=34.57|change={{down}}17.52}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate= Nilesh Sambare (Appa)|votes=2,31,417|percentage=18.46|change=''New''}}

{{Election box candidate|
|party = NRSP|New Rashtriya Samaj Party
|candidate =Kanchan Vinayak Vakhare
|votes =24,625
|percentage = 1.96
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes =9,347
|percentage = 0.75
|change ={{down}}0.88
}}{{Election box majority||votes=66,121|percentage=5.28|change={{down}}10.27}}

{{Election box turnout|votes=12,54,778|percentage=60.11|change={{up}}6.91}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Bhiwandi]]<ref name="Lok Sabha elections results 2019: Here is the full list of winners constituency-wise">{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |date=22 May 2019 |title=Lok Sabha elections results 2019: Here is the full list of winners constituency-wise |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-5741562/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220918103330/https://indianexpress.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-5741562/ |archivedate=18 September 2022 |accessdate=18 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Kapil Patil]]
|votes = 523583
|percentage = 52.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Suresh Kashinath Taware
|votes = 3,67,254
|percentage = 36.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi
|candidate = Arun Damodar Sawant
|votes = 51,455
|percentage = 5.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Nitesh Raghunath Jadhav
|votes = 20,697
|percentage = 2.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 16,397
|percentage = 1.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,56,329
|percentage = 15.55
|change = {{Up}}3.05
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,05,605
|percentage = 53.20
|change = +1.58
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Bhiwandi]]}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Kapil Patil]]
|votes = 4,11,070
|percentage = 46.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Patil Vishwanath Ramchandra
|votes = 3,01,620
|percentage = 34.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
|candidate = [[Suresh G. Mhatre]]
|votes = 93,647
|percentage = 10.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ansari Mumtaz Abdul Satar
|votes = 14,068
|percentage = 1.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,09,450
|percentage = 12.50
|change ={{Up}}5.42
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,75,804
|percentage = 51.62
|change ={{up}}12.33
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Bhiwandi]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Suresh Kashinath Taware|Suresh Taware]]
|votes = 1,82,789
|percentage = 31.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Jagannath Patil]]
|votes = 1,41,425
|percentage = 24.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
|candidate = Devraj Mhatre
|votes = 1,07,090
|percentage = 18.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = [[Vishwanath Patil]]
|votes = 77,769
|percentage = 13.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = R. R. Patil
|votes = 32,767
|percentage = 5.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 41,364
|percentage = 7.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 5,84,263
|percentage = 39.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Thane district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://indiaelection.github.io/indiaelections2014info/parliament/2019/states/maharashtra/bhiwandi/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Bhiwandi lok sabha constituency election 2019 results details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|19.3|73.1|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhiwandi Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra created in 2008]]
[[Category:Bhiwandi]]
[[Category:Politics of Thane district]]

Hirakud Airstrip

2026-01-31T12:44:13Z

KINGRON: minor update

{{Short description|Airport in Odisha, India}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Sambalpur Airport
| image =
| image-width =
| caption =
| IATA =
| ICAO = VEHK
| type = Public
| owner = [[Government of Odisha]]
| operator =
| city-served = [[Sambalpur]]
| location = [[Sambalpur]], [[Odisha]], India
| elevation-f = 658
| elevation-m = 201
| coordinates = {{coord|21|34|49|N|84|00|20|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha
| pushpin_label = '''VEHK'''
| website =
| metric-elev =
| metric-rwy =
| r1-number = 15/33
| r1-length-f = 4185
| r1-length-m = 1970
| r1-surface =
| r2-number =
| r2-length-f =
| r2-length-m =
| r2-surface =
| stat-year =
| stat1-header =
| stat1-data =
| stat2-header =
| stat2-data =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Hirakud Airstrip''', also known as '''Sambalpur Airstrip''', {{airport codes||VEHK}} is a public airstrip owned by [[Government of Odisha]] located 12 kilometres north of [[Sambalpur]] in western [[Odisha]], India.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20130630162933/http://worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?id=IN48699 World Aero Data]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=List of Airstrip in the State maintained by State Government|url=https://ct.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-06/Present-status-report-airstrips-ola.pdf|website=ct.odisha.gov.in|publisher=Commerce and Transport Department, Government of Odisha|access-date=14 January 2023|archive-date=14 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114090751/https://ct.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-06/Present-status-report-airstrips-ola.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/DETAILS-UNSERVED-AS-ON22NOV16.pdf|title=AAI Unserved Airports|website=aai.aero|publisher=Airports Authority of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Airports in Odisha}}
{{Airports in India}}

[[Category:Airports in Odisha]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Sambalpur district]]
[[Category:Airports with year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Government of Odisha]]

Narmada Human

2026-01-30T14:16:26Z

KINGRON: typo fix

{{Short description|Extinct species of human}}
The '''Narmada Human''', originally the '''Narmada Man''', is a species of [[Homo|extinct human]] that lived in central India during the [[Chibanian|Middle]] and [[Late Pleistocene]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Sayak |last2=Sachdeva |first2=Mohinder Pal |title=A Glimpse Into India's Palaeoanthropological Past: Fossil Primates of the Pliocene and the Pleistocene |journal=Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India |date=28 August 2023 |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=233–244 |doi=10.1177/2277436X231189069 |s2cid=261373099 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. |date=2012-12-31 |title=Loneliness of Narmada Human |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/loneliness-of-narmada-human-39817 |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=Down to Earth |language=en}}</ref> From a [[skull cup]] discovered from the bank of the [[Narmada River]] in Madhya Pradesh in 1982, the discoverer, Arun Sonakia classified it was an [[archaic human]] and gave the name Narmada Man, with the scientific name ''H. erectus narmadensis''.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Kenneth A. R. |last2=Sonakia |first2=Arun |last3=Chiment |first3=John |last4=Verma |first4=K. K. |title=Is the Narmada hominid an IndianHomo erectus? |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |date=December 1991 |volume=86 |issue=4 |pages=475–496 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330860404 |pmid=1776655 }}</ref> Analysis of additional fossils from the same location in 1997 indicated that the individual could be a female, hence, a revised name, Narmada Human, was introduced. It remains the oldest human species in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-15 |title=Still a mystery |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/science-tech/still-a-mystery/cid/1536484 |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=The Telegraph |language=en}}</ref>

The Narmada Valley became a fossil attraction in the early 19th century following the discovery of a dinosaur, ''[[Titanosaurus]].'' Discovery of stone tools prompted a search for early human fossils, but over a century of research was in vain. The discovery of the Narmada Human is remarked as the moment that "brought the Narmada Valley back into palaeoanthropological focus."<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Cameron |first1=D. |last2=Patnaik |first2=R. |last3=Sahni |first3=A. |date=2004 |title=The phylogenetic significance of the Middle Pleistocene Narmada hominin cranium from central India |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.725 |journal=International Journal of Osteoarchaeology |language=en |volume=14 |issue=6 |pages=419–447 |doi=10.1002/oa.725 |issn=1047-482X |s2cid=85718581|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The fossil had been variously reclassified as [[Early modern human|archaic ''Homo sapiens'']], evolved ''[[Homo erectus]]'', ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]],'' and also dubiously{{Efn|The original publications in a predatory journal ''Advances in Anthropology'' from [[Scientific Research Publishing]]|group=lower-alpha}} as a distinct species, ''Homo narmadensis''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anek R. |first=Sankhyan |date=2013 |title=The Emergence of Homo sapiens in South Asia: The Central Narmada Valley as Witness |url=https://www.humanbiologyjournal.com/article/the-emergence-of-homo-sapiens-in-south-asia-the-central-narmada-valley-as-witness-5/ |journal=Human Biology Review |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=136–152}}</ref> Additional fossils described since 1997 have suggested more relatedness to archaic ''H. sapiens''.

== Discovery ==
The Narmada Valley is one of the earliest and richest fossil sites in India. The first fossils were discovered by British Army Captain [[William Henry Sleeman]] in 1828.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dhiman |first1=Harsha |last2=Verma |first2=Vishal |last3=Singh |first3=Lourembam R. |last4=Miglani |first4=Vaibhav |last5=Jha |first5=Deepak Kumar |last6=Sanyal |first6=Prasanta |last7=Tandon |first7=Sampat K. |last8=Prasad |first8=Guntupalli V. R. |title=New Late Cretaceous titanosaur sauropod dinosaur egg clutches from lower Narmada valley, India: Palaeobiology and taphonomy |journal=PLOS ONE |date=18 January 2023 |volume=18 |issue=1 |article-number=e0278242 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0278242 |pmc=9848018 |pmid=36652404 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1878242D |doi-access=free }}</ref> Sleeman found two backbones ([[caudal vertebrae]]) from the [[Lameta Formation]] at Jabalpur that were later identified as those of a dinosaur, ''[[Titanosaurus]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Prasad |first1=Guntupalli V.R. |title=Vertebrate biodiversity of the Deccan volcanic province of India: A review |journal=Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France |date=1 December 2012 |volume=183 |issue=6 |pages=597–610 |doi=10.2113/gssgfbull.183.6.597 }}</ref> Since then, many fossils of invertebrates and vertebrates have been discovered.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turvey |first1=Samuel T. |last2=Sathe |first2=Vijay |last3=Crees |first3=Jennifer J. |last4=Jukar |first4=Advait M. |last5=Chakraborty |first5=Prateek |last6=Lister |first6=Adrian M. |title=Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions in India: How much do we know? |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |date=January 2021 |volume=252 |article-number=106740 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106740 |bibcode=2021QSRv..25206740T |s2cid=234265221 |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10116065/12/Turvey_India_megafauna_paper_highlights.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-71370-6_21 |chapter=Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Paleontology of Late Cretaceous Bagh Beds, Narmada Valley, Central India: A Review |title=Mesozoic Stratigraphy of India |series=Society of Earth Scientists Series |date=2021 |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Biplab |last2=Halder |first2=Kalyan |last3=Jha |first3=Suparna |last4=Mondal |first4=Prantik |last5=Ray |first5=Rupsa |pages=623–657 |isbn=978-3-030-71369-0 |s2cid=243574586 }}</ref> The search for prehistoric human remains in the region was inspired by the discovery of a [[Stone Age]] [[hand axe]] by C.A. Hacket that was reported in 1873.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khatri |first=A. P. |date=1963 |title=Recent Exploration for the Remains of Early Man in India |journal=Asian Perspectives |volume=7 |issue=1/2 |pages=160–182 |jstor=42929007 }}</ref>

In October 1982, the [[Geological Survey of India]] (GSI) assigned Arun Sonakia to explore [[Hoshangabad district]].<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |last1=Sonakia |first1=Arun |last2=Kennedy |first2=Kenneth A. R. |title=Skull Cap of an Early Man from the Narmada Valley Alluvium (Pleistocene) of Central India |journal=American Anthropologist |date=September 1985 |volume=87 |issue=3 |pages=612–616 |doi=10.1525/aa.1985.87.3.02a00060 |jstor=678879 }}</ref> On 5 December, Sonakia found a skull cup (calvaria) lying on the surface of an [[alluvial soil]] on the northern bank of Narmada River, near Hathnora village.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last= |date=2012-12-09 |title=30 years on, Narmada Human yet to make it to school texts |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/30-years-narmada-human-yet-2378002 |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-27 |title=Narmada human |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/article30162596.ece |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref> The fossil was among several other fossils of horse, pig and ''[[Stegodon]]'', and various stone tools. After careful analysis of the skull cup as part of a prehistoric human, the discovery was officially announced by the government on 21–22 July 1983, and through the newsletter of GSI. In 1984, N. G. K. Murthy, Director of GSI Southern Region, presented the technical report to the Birla Archaeological and Cultural Geological Research Institute in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Kenneth A.R. |last2=Chiment |first2=John |date=1991 |title=The fossil hominid from the Narmada Valley, India; Homo erectus or Homo sapiens? |url=https://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/BIPPA/article/view/11291/9931 |journal=Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association |volume=10 |pages=42–58|doi=10.7152/bippa.v10i0.11291 |doi-broken-date=2025-07-12 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Sonakia displayed the fossil cast at the first<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lewin |first1=Roger |title=Ancestors Worshiped: Paleoanthropologists have been discussing their agreements and disagreements in the presence of most of the world's hominid fossils |journal=Science |date=4 May 1984 |volume=224 |issue=4648 |pages=477–479 |doi=10.1126/science.224.4648.477 |jstor=1692494 |pmid=17753761}}</ref> "Ancestors exhibit" of the [[American Museum of Natural History]] in New York during 6 to 10 April 1984.<ref name=":2" /> The exhibit was recorded the next year in the American Museum of Natural History's proceedings ''Ancestors, the Hard Evidence''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sonakia |first=Arun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Py2OAAAAMAAJ&q=narmada |title=Ancestors, the Hard Evidence: Proceedings of the Symposium Held at the American Museum of Natural History April 6-10, 1984 to Mark the Opening of the Exhibition "Ancestors, Four Million Years of Humanity" |date=1985 |publisher=A.R. Liss/American Museum of Natural History |isbn=978-0-8451-0249-7 |editor-last=Delson |editor-first=Eric |pages=334–338 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|1311711663}} |last1=Pietrusewsky |first1=Michael |title=''Ancestors: The Hard Evidence''. Eric Delson, editor (Book Review) |journal=Asian Perspectives |volume=27 |issue=2 |date=1986 |page=285 }}</ref>

=== Identification ===
The first scientific description by Sonakia appeared in the ''Records of the Geological Survey of India'' in 1984 which described the specimen as ''Homo erectus narmadensis''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sonakia |first=Arun |date=1984 |title=The skull cap of early man and associated mammalian fauna from Narmada Valley alluvium, Hoshangabad area, Madhya Pradesh, India |url=https://paleocore.org/references/815/ |journal=Records of the Geological Survey of India |volume=113 |issue=6 |pages=159–172 |via=Paleo Core}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Kenneth A.R. |title=Human Origins, Genome and People of India: Genomic, Palaeontological and Archaeological Perspectives |date=2007-05-16 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=979-8-184-24199-9 |editor-last=Rao |editor-first=V. R. |pages=188–192 |language=en |chapter=The Narmada Fossil Hominid |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hZXSCQAAQBAJ&dq=sonakia+narmada+1982&pg=PA188}}</ref> In 1985, Sonakia sought the help of french palaeontologist [[Henry de Lumley]], with whom he made further descriptions in two articles simultaneously published in January issue of ''L'Anthropologie.''<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Lumley |first1=M. A. de |last2=Sonakia |first2=A. |date=1985 |title=Première découverte d'un Homo erectus sur le continent indien à Hathnora, dans la moyenne vallée de la Narmada |trans-title=First discovery of a Homo erectus on the Indian continent at Hathnora, in the middle Narmada valley |id={{INIST|12074337}} |journal=L'Anthropologie |language=fr |volume=89 |issue=1 |pages=13–61 }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Lumley |first1=H. de |last2=Sonakia |first2=A. |date=1985 |title=Contexte stratigraphique et archéologique de l'Homme de la Narmada, Hathnora, Madhya Pradesh, Inde |trans-title=Stratigraphic and archaeological context of Narmada Man, Hathnora, Madhya Pradesh, India |id={{INIST|12074336}} |journal=L'Anthropologie |language=fr |volume=89 |issue=1 |pages=3–12 }}</ref> The fossil was again identified as ''H. erectus''.<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Bárcena |first=J. Roberto |date=1983–1985 |title=Lumley, Henry de y Sonakia, Arun: 1985. "Contexte stratigraphique et archéologique de l'homme de la Narmada, Hathnora, Madhya Pradesh, Inde". L'Anthropologie, t. 89, nº 1, pp. 3-12.. París. 9 figs. y 3 cuadros. |url=http://siip2019-2021.bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/objetos_digitales/14930/volcompleto-parte5.pdf |journal=Anales de Arqueología y Etnología |volume=38-40 |issue=Segunda parte |pages=327–330 |issn=0325-0288}}</ref>

[[Kenneth A. R. Kennedy]] of [[Cornell University]] conveyed the report in the ''Records of the Geological Survey of India'' to the [[American Anthropological Association]], which published it in its September 1985 issue of ''[[American Anthropologist]].'' In it, Sonakia gave a more careful description:<blockquote>The hominid fossil specimen, presently designated as "Narmada Man," is represented by a complete right half of the skull cap, to which a part of the left parietal is attached... [Its] cranial capacity... would fall around 1,200 cc... [It] bears a number of similarities to skulls of Asian ''Homo erectus'', hence an affinity of "Narmada Man" to ''Homo erectus'' is suggested.<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>Kennedy added a cautionary note that the fossil was an undetermined species of human ("hominid calvarium of ''Homo'' sp. indet.).<ref name=":2" /> In 1988, Sonakia invited Kennedy to further examine the fossil kept at Nagpur.<ref name=":4" /> Reanalysis by the GSI and Cornell teams were jointly published in the ''[[American Journal of Physical Anthropology]]'' in 1991, which concluded the identity as ''Homo sapiens.''<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=K. A. |last2=Sonakia |first2=A. |last3=Chiment |first3=J. |last4=Verma |first4=K. K. |date=1991 |title=Is the Narmada hominid an Indian Homo erectus? |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=86 |issue=4 |pages=475–496 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330860404 |issn=0002-9483 |pmid=1776655}}</ref>

=== Additional fossils ===
The [[Anthropological Survey of India]] (ASI) organised an archaeological exploration of the central Narmada valley between 1983 and 1992, resulting in the discoveries of many animal remains, stone tools and new human fossil.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Sankhyan |first=A. R. |date=1997 |title=A New Human Fossil Find from the Central Narmada Basin and Its Chronology |url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/73/12/1110.pdf |journal=Current Science |volume=73 |issue=12 |pages=1110–1111}}</ref> The collarbone ([[clavicle]]) among animal bones collected from Hathnora fossil site was not recognised that of humans until careful analysis was done. In 1997, Anek Ram Sankhyan, the ASI senior anthropologist reported the description of a right collarbone in the ''[[Journal of Human Evolution]],''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sankhyan |first=A. R. |date=1997 |title=Fossil clavicle of a middle Pleistocene hominid from the Central Narmada Valley, India |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248496901177 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=3–16 |doi=10.1006/jhev.1996.0117 |issn=0047-2484 |pmid=9034953|bibcode=1997JHumE..32....3S |url-access=subscription }}</ref> and further explained it in ''[[Current Science]]''.<ref name=":9" />

In 1998, Sankhyan discovered another collarbone, a left one, along with one lower rib at Hathnora fossil site.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-05-15 |title=This lady reveals our past |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/this-lady-reveals-our-past-9516 |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=Down to Earth |language=en}}</ref> He reported the findings in ''Current Science'' in 2005''.''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sankhyan |first=A. R. |date=2005-01-01 |title=New fossils of early stone age man from central Narmada valley |url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/88/05/0704.pdf |journal=Current Science |volume=88 |issue=5 |pages=704–707}}</ref> Another ASI exploration between 2005 and 2010 led to the discovery of parts of a thigh bone ([[femur]]) and arm bone ([[humerus]]) at Netankheri village that was reported in ''Current Science'' in 2012.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sankhyan |first1=A. R. |last2=Dewangan |first2=L. N. |last3=Chakraborty |first3=S. |last4=Prabha |first4=S. |last5=Kundu |first5=S. |last6=Chakravarty |first6=R. |last7=Badam |first7=G. L. |date=2012 |title=New Human Fossils and Associated Findings from the Central Narmada |url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/103/12/1461.pdf |journal=Current Science |volume=103 |issue=12 |pages=1–9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2013-01-17 |title=Prehistoric men of Narmada included pigmies |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nindia.2013.4 |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/nindia.2013.4|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Description ==

=== Identity ===
Sonakia established from the first skull cup that the individual was an adult male,<ref name=":12" /> and originally gave the name Narmada Man<ref name=":2" /> to match those of other asian ''H. erectus'', like [[Peking Man]] and [[Java Man]],<ref name=":7" /> and was popularised as such.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-12-05 |title=Programme on Narmada man today |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/programme-on-narmada-man-today/articleshow/17484440.cms |access-date=2023-10-07 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> When he reassessed the fossil with Lumley, it was identified a female in her 30s.<ref name=":5" /> Kennedy also agreed that the individual was a female.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13">{{Citation |last=Sankhyan |first=A.R. |title=Hominin Fossil Remains from the Narmada Valley |date=2016-06-08 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119055280.ch6 |work=A Companion to South Asia in the Past |pages=72–85 |editor-last=Schug |editor-first=Gwen Robbins |access-date=2023-10-07 |edition=1 |publisher=Wiley |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781119055280.ch6 |isbn=978-1-119-05548-8 |editor2-last=Walimbe |editor2-first=Subhash R.|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The more gender-accurate name Narmada Human was later adopted.<ref name=":0" /> The individual could have lived any time between 50 [[Kilo-annum|ka]] and 160 ka, during the Middle and Late Pleistocene.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Patnaik |first1=Rajeev |last2=Chauhan |first2=Parth R. |last3=Rao |first3=M. R. |last4=Blackwell |first4=B. a. B. |last5=Skinner |first5=A. R. |last6=Sahni |first6=Ashok |last7=Chauhan |first7=M. S. |last8=Khan |first8=H. S. |date=2009 |title=New geochronological, paleoclimatological, and archaeological data from the Narmada Valley hominin locality, central India |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=114–133 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.023 |issn=0047-2484 |pmid=19118867|bibcode=2009JHumE..56..114P }}</ref> Sonakia had originally estimated the fossil age at around 500 to 600 ka based on the associated fossil.<ref name=":7" />

=== Features and taxonomy ===
There is no consensus on the exact species identification of Narmada Human. It had been variously described as [[Early modern human|archaic ''Homo sapiens'']], evolved ''[[Homo erectus]]'', or ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]'' because it exhibits features shared with these human species, along with its own unique features.<ref name=":6" /> Sonakia and Lumley firmly held the classification as an evolved ''H. erectus''.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":13" /> Kennedy was the first to be critical of this assignment,<ref name=":2" /> and argued that it could be an archaic ''H. sapiens''. Reporting his analysis (with Sonakia, John Chiment, and K.K. Verma) in 1991, he stated:<blockquote>Results of the most recent study, which includes morphometric and comparative investigations, lead to the conclusion that "Narmada Man" is appropriately identified as ''Homo sapiens''. While the calvaria shares some anatomical features with Asian ''Homo erectus'' specimens, it exhibits a broader suite of morphological and mensural characteristics suggesting affinities with early ''Homo sapiens'' fossils.<ref name=":12" /></blockquote>However, Sonakia was not entire convinced and adhered to the ''H. erectus'' classification.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last1=Sonakia |first1=Arun |last2=Biswas |first2=S. |date=1998 |title=Antiquity of the Narmada Homo erectus, the early man of India |journal=Current Science |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=391–393 |jstor=24101455 |issn=0011-3891}}</ref> In 2007, Sheela Athreya of the [[Texas A&M University College Station]] revised the systematic identification and concluded that the Narmada Human could not be ''H. erectus'', but instead could be loosely identified as ''H. heidelbergensis'', as she noted:<blockquote>Narmada [Human] shows affinities with anatomically modern Africans and Europeans as well as most Middle Pleistocene ''H. heidelbergensis'' specimens, and could be classified as such... If only the subjective criteria of brain size and "transitional" morphology are used, it could be classified as ''H. heidelbergensis''... [or] it can simply be referred to as "Middle Pleistocene ''Homo''" a term that is sufficiently descriptive without the historical baggage of nomenclature that comes from ascribing this specimen to Asian ''H. erectus''.<ref>{{Citation |last=Athreya |first=Sheela |title=Was Homo heidelbergensis in South Asia? A test using the Narmada fossil from central India |date=2007 |work=The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and Genetics |pages=137–170 |editor-last=Petraglia |editor-first=Michael D. |series=Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series |place=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer Netherlands |language=en |doi=10.1007/1-4020-5562-5_7 |isbn=978-1-4020-5562-1 |editor2-last=Allchin |editor2-first=Bridget}}</ref></blockquote>Sankhyan used to support Kennedy's assignment of the Narmada Human as archaic ''H. sapiens''. However, his analysis in his doctoral thesis led him to realise that Athreya's classification is the most likely conclusion, as he remarked: "both the metric and nonmetric comparisons show that the Narmada calvarium has a generalized mosaic of primitive, shared, and unique morphological features, but cladistically it is closer to ''H. heidelbergensis''."<ref name=":13" /> David W. Cameron of the [[Australian National University]], with Rajeev Patnaik and Ashok Sahni of the Punjab University, found that the Narmada Human fits well with the features of the [[Steinheim skull]] in Germany, which is either ''H. heidelbergensis'' or ''[[H. neanderthalensis]]''.<ref name=":3" />

As originally identified, the Narmada Human shares most features with other Asian ''H. erectus''.<ref name=":7" /> The presence of a small [[mastoid process]], narrow [[post-orbital constriction]], large and thick cranial vault, and a distinct bone called torus angularis are the major and common features of Asian ''H. erectus.<ref name=":4" />''

However, the Narmada Human has features that are more related to ''H. sapiens''. The most important is its [[brain size]], which falls between 1,155 and 1,421 cc,''<ref name=":4" />'' with an approximate average of 1,200 cc.<ref name=":2" /> The average brain size of Asian ''H. erectus'' is about 1,000 cc,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Antón |first=Susan C. |date=2002 |title=Evolutionary significance of cranial variation in Asian Homo erectus |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.10091 |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=118 |issue=4 |pages=301–323 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.10091 |issn=0002-9483 |pmid=12124912|url-access=subscription }}</ref> with mostly towards the lower range up to 800 cc;<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Antón |first=Susan C. |date=2003 |title=Natural history of Homo erectus |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=Suppl 37 |pages=126–170 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.10399 |issn=1096-8644 |pmid=14666536|doi-access=free }}</ref> while early ''H. sapiens'' have the brain size ranging from 1,200 to 1,400 cc.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Widianto |first1=Harry |last2=Noerwidi |first2=Sofwan |date=2023 |title=The emergence and distribution of early modern human in Indonesia |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000355212300047X |journal=L'Anthropologie |language=en |volume=127 |issue=3 |article-number=103161 |doi=10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103161|s2cid=261671036 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Some features of the Narmada Human are not shared with any other human species. A [[sagittal crest]] with a furrow on top of the skull, a large [[outer ear]] hole, and extended [[temporal bones]] are not known in other species.''<ref name=":4" />''

== Evolutionary importance and interpretations ==
Sonakia held the view that the Narmada Human was a transitional group of ''H. erectus'' that links African and Asian populations. He wrote in 1998:<blockquote>The discovery of Indian ''Homo erectus'' bridges the gap between African ''H. erectus'' in the west and Chinese [Peking Man] and Javan ''H. erectus'' [Java Man] in the east and south east respectively. There is a general consensus of opinion that Afro-Asian ''H. erectus'' ranges in age from Lower Pleistocene to Middle Pleistocene. Indian ''H. erectus'' falls within this range.<ref name=":11" /></blockquote>According to Cameron, Patnaik and Sahni, the Narmada Human is most closely related to extinct humans such as ''H. heidelbergensis'' or ''H. neanderthalensis'' than ''H. erectus''. It represents a different species that met evolutionary dead-end in India, fitting into the [[Recent African origin of modern humans|out of Africa theory of modern human origin]].<ref name=":3" />

== Note ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/homo-erectus-narmadensis/32394 ''Homo erectus narmadensis'' in ''Spektrum'']
* [https://anthropology.iresearchnet.com/narmada-man/ Profile on Anthropology]
* [https://www.thebetterindia.com/91960/ramapithecus-sivapithecus-narmada-man-homo-erectus-early-humans-india/ Story in The Better India]

[[Category:1982 in paleontology]]
[[Category:Fossils of India]]
[[Category:Prehistoric India]]
[[Category:Human evolution]]
[[Category:Homo erectus fossils]]
[[Category:Pleistocene mammals of Asia]]
[[Category:Early species of Homo]]

Khagaria district

2026-01-25T04:44:13Z

KINGRON: basic update formatting per standard format and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|District in Bihar, India}}
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Khagaria}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2008}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Khagaria district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Bihar|District]] of [[Bihar]]
| image_skyline = Public-contribution-khagaria-institutes 036.jpg
| image_caption = Street in Khagaria town
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = Bihar district location map Khagaria.svg
| map_caption = Location of Khagaria district in Bihar
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Khagaria
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_type3 = Region
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_name2 = [[Munger division|Munger]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Khagaria]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 1485
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,666,886
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 72.87 per cent
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 886
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Khagaria Lok Sabha constituency|Khagaria]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 31 (India)|NH 31]], [[National Highway 107 (India)|NH 107]]
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2 = 1182 mm
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN Code]]
| postal_code = [https://indiapincodes.net/Bihar/Khagaria/ 8512XX]
| website = {{URL|https://khagaria.nic.in/}}
}}

'''Khagaria district''' is an administrative [[district]] in the state of [[Bihar]] in [[India]]. The district headquarters are located at [[Khagaria]]. Earlier it was a part of [[Munger district|Munger District]] as a sub-division that was created in 1943–44. It was upgraded to the status of a district on 10 May 1981. Khagaria district is a part of [[Munger Division]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khagari district info|url=https://khagaria.nic.in/about-district/}}</ref>

The present collector and District Magistrate of Khagaria is Amit Kumar Pandey, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] and the current S.P. of Khagaria is Chandan Kumar Kushwaha, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://khagaria.bih.nic.in/ |title=District Official Website |access-date=2010-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715142726/http://khagaria.bih.nic.in/ |archive-date=2011-07-15 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Geography==
Khagaria district occupies an area of {{convert|1486|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[Greenland]]'s [[Nares Land]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Nares Land 1,466km2 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://archive.today/20151201081219/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | archive-date = 2015-12-01 }}</ref> The district is surrounded by seven rivers namely [[Ganges]], [[Kamala River|Kamla Balan]], [[Koshi River|Koshi]], [[Burhi Gandak River|Budhi Gandak]], Kareh, Kali Koshi and [[Bagmati River|Bagmati]]. These rivers cause floods every year which causes great loss of life and property including livestock. River Ganga forms the southern boundary of the district. Khagaria experiences an extreme climate with very hot summers and extremely cold winters. Rainy season continues up to October with heavy rainfall causing the rivers to overflow and causing floods in most regions.
== Politics ==
{{transcluded section|source=18th Bihar Assembly}}
{{#section:18th Bihar Assembly|MLA Header}}
{{#section:18th Bihar Assembly|Khagaria district}}
|}

== Constituencies ==
Khagaria District is covered under one Parliamentary Constituency 25 – Khagaria . 25- Khagaria Parliamentary Constituency consists of six Assembly Constituencies of which four Assembly Constituencies are in Khagaria District and one in Saharsa District another in Samastipur District.

=== Parliamentary constituency ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!S.No
!Assembly Constituency No & Name
!District
!Member of Parliament
|-
| rowspan="6" |'''1.'''
|76-[[Simri Bakhtiarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Simri Bakhtiarpur]]
|[[Saharsa district|Saharsa]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Rajesh Verma (Khagaria politician)|Rajesh Verma]]
|-
|140-[[Hasanpur, Bihar Assembly constituency|Hasanpur]]
|[[Samastipur district|Samastipur]]
|-
|148-[[Alauli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Alauli]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Khagaria]]
|-
|149-[[Khagaria (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khagaria]]
|-
|150-[[Beldaur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Beldaur]]
|-
|151-[[Parbatta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Parbatta]]
|}

=== Assembly constituency ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!S.No
!Assembly Constituency No. and Name
!District
!Name of M.L.A.
|-
|'''1'''
|148-[[Alauli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Alauli]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Khagaria]]
|Sri Ramvriksh Sada
|-
|'''2'''
|149-[[Khagaria (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khagaria]]
|Sri Chhatrapati Yadav
|-
|'''3'''
|150-[[Beldaur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Beldaur]]
|Sri Panna Lal Singh Patel
|-
|'''4'''
|151-[[Parbatta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Parbatta]]
|Dr. Sanjeev Kumar
|}

==Administration==
===Sub-divisions===
Khagaria district comprises two sub-divisions:

1. [[Khagaria]]

2. [[Gogri Jamalpur|Gogri]]

===Blocks & Circles===
Khagaria district has been divided into seven blocks as well as circles namely:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Khagaria District Administration|url=https://khagaria.nic.in/subdivision-blocks/}}</ref>

# Alauli
# [[Khagaria]]
# Chautham
# Mansi
# [[Gogri Jamalpur|Gogri]]
# Beldaur
# [[Parbatta]]

=== Villages & Panchayats ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!S.No
!Subdivision
!Block/Anchal
!No of Panchayat
!No of Revenue Villages
|-
|'''1'''
| rowspan="4" |[[Khagaria]]
|Alauli
|21
|45
|-
|'''2'''
|Khagaria
|26
|51
|-
|'''3'''
|Chautham
|13
|28
|-
|'''4'''
|Mansi
|7
|13
|-
|'''5'''
| rowspan="3" |[[Gogri Jamalpur|Gogri]]
| [[Gogri Jamalpur|Gogri]]
|24
|68
|-
|'''6'''
|Beldaur
|16
|29
|-
|'''7'''
|[[Parbatta]]
|22
|69
|}

==Economy==
In 2015 union Food processing minister [[Harsimrat Kaur Badal]] laid the foundation stone of a mega food at Mansi block. This will provide benefit to 30000 and generate around 6000 direct and indirect jobs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article-amp/pti-stories/badal-lays-foundation-stone-of-2nd-mega-food-park-in-bihar-115081401622_1.html|title = Badal lays foundation stone of 2nd Mega Food Park in Bihar}}</ref>
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Khagaria one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund|Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme]] (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=September 8, 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=September 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=April 5, 2012 }}</ref>

==Transport==
Khagaria is a small town with a major railway junction on the Barauni Guwahati section of the Indian Railways. National Highway No.31, which connects rest of India to North Eastern region passes through this town. It is also connected to other regions of north Bihar by another rail line to [[Saharsa]] and [[Samastipur]]. A major rail bridge across river Ganges at [[Munger]] connects it to south Bihar and Jharkhand directly.

==Demographics==

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=3,21,380|13=1911|14=3,31,441|15=1921|16=3,15,166|17=1931|18=3,54,889|19=1941|20=4,01,206|21=1951|22=4,43,401|23=1961|24=5,40,794|25=1971|26=6,41,202|27=1981|28=7,68,653|29=1991|30=9,87,227|31=2001|32=12,80,354|33=2011|34=16,66,886|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43343/download/47022/10%20A-2%20Bihar.pdf |website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Khagaria district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11366/download/14479/DDW10C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|89.21}}
{{bar percent|[[Bihari Muslims|Islam]]|green|10.53}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.26}}
}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Khagaria district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,666,886,<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Khagaria |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/278/download/762/DH_2011_1021_PART_A_DCHB_KHAGARIA.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Guinea-Bissau]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Guinea-Bissau 1,596,677 July 2011 est. | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-date = 27 September 2011 }}</ref> or the US state of [[Idaho]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Idaho 1,567,582
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2013-10-19
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 300th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 1115 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 29.46%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Khagaria has a [[sex ratio]] of 883 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 60.87%. 5.23% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 14.83% and 0.04% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Khagaria district (2011)<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10196/download/13308/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1000.XLSX|website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|label1 = "Other" Hindi |value1 = 64.46 |color1 = hotpink
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 29.28 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 5.90 |color3 = green
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.36 |color4 = grey
}}
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 29.28% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]] and 5.90% [[Urdu]] as their first language. 64.46% of the population speaks languages classified as "Others" under Hindi in the census.

== Goddess Durga temple ==
Mother Durga's temple is situated in Sanhouli,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://atulyabihar.com/goddess-durga-temple-in-khagaria/|title = सन्हौली दुर्गास्थान में दशकों से मां दुर्गा विराजमान हैं|date = 7 June 2018}}</ref> adjacent to [[Khagaria]] city for decades. A large number of pilgrims perform religious rituals worshiping here. In addition to various parts of the state, devotees of [[Assam]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] etc. States also come here to offer prayers and offerings in mother's court.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://khagaria.nic.in/ Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110430231931/http://www.allaboutbihar.com/districts/khagaria/index.php Khagaria Information Portal]
* [http://atulyabihar.com/goddess-durga-temple-in-khagaria/ goddess durga temple in khagaria/]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Khagaria district
|North = [[Saharsa district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Madhepura district]]
|Southeast = [[Bhagalpur district]]
|South = [[Munger district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Begusarai district]]
|Northwest = [[Samastipur district]]
}}

{{Districts of Bihar}}
{{Munger Division}}
{{Munger Division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|25|30|00|N|86|28|12|E|region:IN-BR_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Khagaria district| ]]
[[Category:Munger division]]
[[Category:Districts of Bihar]]

Bijnor district

2026-01-23T05:25:44Z

KINGRON: revise

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Bijnor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bijnor district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|District]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = SAHANPUR FORT.jpg
| image_caption = Sahanpur Fort
| image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Bijnor.svg
| map_caption = Location of Bijnor district in Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Bijnor
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Moradabad division|Moradabad]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Bijnor]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 4049
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 3,682,713
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census2011"/>
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 70.43%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 917
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = http://bijnor.nic.in/
}}

'''Bijnor district''' ({{IPA|hi|bɪd͡ʒ.n̪ɔːɾ}}) is one of the 75 [[Districts of Uttar Pradesh|districts]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]]. [[Bijnor|Bijnor city]] is the district headquarters. The government of [[Nagar Palika Parishad Bijnor]] Uttar Pradesh seeks its inclusion in [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region (NCR)]] due to its close proximity to [[Delhi|NCT]] of [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/up-seeks-to-include-6-districts-in-ncr/|title=UP seeks to include 6 districts in NCR|date=11 January 2015|website=indianexpress.com|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref>

Bijnor is notable for its sugarcane production and sugar mills, with two of the top five sugar mills of India situated in the district.<ref name="Sugar"/>

==History==
Bijnor district was created in 1817 out of part of [[Moradabad district]], and it was originally called '''Nagina district''' after its headquarters at [[Nagina]].<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Bijnor: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XIV Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1908 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=124–5 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.47996 |access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref> The headquarters was relocated to Bijnor in 1824, although the district was still called "Nagina district" until 1837, when it officially became known as Bijnor district.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

===Medieval history===
In 1399, the district was ravaged by [[Timur]]. Later, during the time of [[Akbar]], Bijnor was part of his [[Mughal Empire]]. In the early 18th century, the [[Rohilla]] [[Pashtun people|Pashtuns]] established their independence in the area called by the [[Rohilkhand]]. Around 1748, the Rohilla chief [[Ali Mohammed Khan]] made his first annexations in Bijnor, the rest of which soon fell under the Rohilla domination. The northern districts were granted by [[Ali Mohammed Khan]] to Khurshid Ahmed Baig, who gradually extended his influence west of the [[Ganges]] and at [[Delhi]], receiving the title of [[Najib-ud-daula]] with the position of the paymaster of the Mughal forces. [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]]s invaded Bijnor who was also instigated by enemies of Rohillas, leading to several battles. Rohilla chief, Najib, who sided with [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Shah Abdali]] in [[Third Battle of Panipat|Panipat]], was made vizier of the empire.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Bijnor |volume=3 |pages=928–929}}</ref>

===Colonial era===
In 1772 the [[Nawab of Oudh]] made a treaty with the [[Rohilla]]s, to expel the [[Maratha]]s in return for a money payment. [[Nawab of Oudh]] carried out his part of the bargain, but the Rohilla chieftains refused to pay. In 1774 the Nawab concluded with the [[Honourable East India Company|East India Company]] government of [[Calcutta]] a [[treaty of alliance]], and he then called upon the British, in accordance with its terms, to supply a brigade to assist him in enforcing his claims against the Rohillas. This was done; in the [[Rohilla War]], the Rohillas were driven beyond the Ganges to the east, and Bijnor was incorporated in the territories of the nawab, who in the same year (1774) ceded it to the [[British East India Company]]. During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|rebellion of 1857]], Bijnor was occupied by the Nawab of [[Najibabad]], a grandson of [[Zabita Khan]], on 1 June. The [[Sadaat-e-Bara|Barha Sayyids]] of Bijnor, who were hereditary enemies of the Rohillas, threw their hat in their lot with the Rohillas Pashtuns and fought on their side almost to the last man during the rebellion.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nr0rAQAAIAAJ&dq=barha+bijnor&pg=PA189 |page=189 |title=District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh: Volume 14 |year=1908 |publisher= United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (India) }}</ref> In spite of fighting between the [[Hindus]] and the Muslim Pashtuns, the [[Nawab]] succeeded in maintaining his position until 21 April 1858, when he was defeated by the British at [[Nagina]].<ref name=EB1911/>

==Geography ==
Bijnor, or more correctly Bijnaur, occupies the north-west corner of the [[Moradabad Division]] (historically, [[Rohilkhand]] or Bareilly region).
The western boundary is formed throughout by the deep stream of the river Ganges, beyond which lie the four districts of [[Haridwar]], Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, and Meerut. To the north and north-east in the hill country of [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]], the dividing line being the submontane road, which runs from Haridwar along the foot of the Himalayas to [[Ramnagar, Nainital]], [[Haldwani]], and [[Tanakpur]]. This road, popularly known as the Kandi Sadak, belongs throughout its length to Garhwal, the transfer having taken place a few years since. On the east the Phika river for the greater part of its course constitutes the boundary, separating this district from Nainital and Moradabad, as far as its junction with the Ramganga; and to the south lie the Thakurdwara Tehsil of Moradabad. Amroha and Hasanpur tahsils of Amroha District. The boundary being conventional and undetermined by natural features. The extreme parallels of north latitude are 29° 2' and 29° 58' and of east longitude 78° 0' and 78° 57' from Lalitpur, the most northerly point, to koti Rao in the furthest eastern corner the distance in {{convert|56|mi|km}}; and from Koti Rao to Kamharia in the south-westerly angle {{convert|57|mi|km}}; and from Kamharia to Lalitpur {{convert|62|mi|km}}. The total area of the district is liable to change slightly from time to time by reason of the erratic action of the Ganges and Ramganga: In 1906 it amounted to {{convert|1,145,272|acre|mi2 km2}}, the average for the last five years being {{convert|1,147,967|acre|mi2 km2|abbr=on}}.

There remains the low fringe of Khadir along the Ganges to the west. This generally resembles the lowlands that skirt the rivers of the interior, the low flats which adjoin the stream itself being purely alluvial in character, while above them rises a terrace of higher ground extending inland as far as the chain of stagnant [[Marsh|morasses]] lying immediately under the [[Khadir and Bangar|bangar]] cliff.

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=7,76,308|13=1911|14=8,02,166|15=1921|16=7,36,765|17=1931|18=8,31,403|19=1941|20=9,05,793|21=1951|22=9,79,406|23=1961|24=11,84,306|25=1971|26=14,80,734|27=1981|28=19,27,023|29=1991|30=24,54,521|31=2001|32=31,31,619|33=2011|34=36,82,713|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=center}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Bijnor district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,682,713,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-uttarpradesh.php?adm2id=0903 |title=District in Uttar Pradesh |access-date=19 June 2019 |year=2019 | publisher=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref><ref name="census2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Bijnor district |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=127477 |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=18 April 2021}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Liberia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web |author=US Directorate of Intelligence |title=Country Comparison:Population |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 June 2007 |access-date=1 October 2011 |quote=Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.}}</ref> or the US state of [[Oklahoma]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=Oklahoma 3,751,351 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101090833/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=1 January 2011 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 74th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|808|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.64%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Bijnor has a [[sex ratio]] of 913 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 70.43%. 25.13% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 21.38% and 0.08% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Bijnor district (2011)<ref name="Religion"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|55.18}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Islam]]|green|43.04}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|1.37}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.41}}
|caption=Distribution of religions 
†Includes [[Jainism|Jains]] (0.17%), [[Christianity|Christians]] (0.17%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (<0.05%).
|width=}}

Majority of the people of the district follow [[Hinduism]] followed closely by adherents of [[Islam]]. [[Sikhism]] is followed by a little more than one per cent of the population. [[Jainism]], [[Christianity]] and [[Buddhism]] have small number of adherents.<ref name="Religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{| class = "wikitable sortable"
!Tehsil
![[Hindus]]
![[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Muslims]]
!Others
|-
|[[Najibabad]]
|48.44%
| style="background:green;color:white" |50.37%
|1.19%
|-
|[[Bijnor]]
| style="background:darkorange" |63.46%
|35.66%
|0.88%
|-
|[[Nagina]]
| style="background:darkorange" |50.73%
|46.10%
|3.17%
|-
|[[Dhampur]]
| style="background:darkorange" |54.99%
|42.93%
|2.08%
|-
|[[Chandpur, Bijnor|Chandpur]]
|style="background:darkorange" |58.15%
|40.14%
|1.71%
|}

===Languages===

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Bijnor district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 76.33 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 22.53 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value3 = 0.96 |color3 = pink
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.18 |color4 = grey
|thumb=left
}}

[[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]] are the official languages.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=29 April 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 76.33% of the population of the district spoke [[Hindi]], 22.53% [[Urdu]] and 0.96% [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10224/download/13336/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Government and administration==
===Politics===
The [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] from [[Bijnor Lok Sabha constituency]] is [[Chandan Chauhan]], since 4 June 2024. He represents [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saxena |first1=Vinay |date=5 March 2024 |title=Chandan Singh Chauhan: जीत के पुराने जाट-गुर्जर फॉर्मूले के साथ मैदान में युवा पीढ़ी, कौन हैं ब‍िजनौर से RLD प्रत्‍याशी चंदन चौहान - RLD candidate from bijnor lok sabha seat chandan singh chauhan profile |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/bijnor-rld-candidate-from-bijnor-lok-sabha-seat-chandan-singh-chauhan-profile-23667362.html |work=Jagran |language=hi |access-date=8 July 2024}}</ref>

===Assembly constituencies===
[[Najibabad]], [[Chandpur, Bijnor|Chandpur]], [[Noorpur Assembly constituency|Noorpur]], [[Dhampur Assembly constituency|Dhampur]], [[Nagina Assembly constituency|Nagina]] (reserved), [[Bijnor Assembly constituency|Bijnor]], [[Barhapur Assembly constituency|Barhapur]], [[Nehtaur Assembly constituency|Nehtaur]] (Reserved)

===Settlements===
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}


====Urban====
* [[Afzalgarh]]
* [[Basi Kiratpur]]
* [[Bijnor]]
* [[Chandouk|Chandok]]
* [[Chandpur, Bijnor|Chandpur]]
* [[Dhampur]]
* [[Haldaur]]
* [[Jhalu]]
* [[Mandawar, Uttar Pradesh|Mandawar]]
* [[Nagina]]
* [[Najibabad]]
* [[Nehtaur]]
* [[Noorpur, Uttar Pradesh|Noorpur]]
* [[Sahaspur]]
* [[Seohara]]
* [[Sherkot]]

{{Div col end}}

====Rural====


{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Askaripur]]
* [[Bahupura]]
* [[Harewali]]
* [[Jhalri]]
* [[Linderpur]]
* [[Madhusudanpur Nand Urf Jhalra]]
* [[Naseeri]]
* [[Pakhanpur]]
* [[Pheona]]
* [[Raja Ka Tajpur|Tajpur]]
* [[Ratangarh, Bijnor|Ratangarh]]
* [[Sisauna]]
* [[Umri, Bijnor|Umri]]


{{Div col end}}

==Economy==
Bijnor district has a vast [[sugar industry]] with total nine sugar mills of which Dhampur mill and Bundki mill are among India's top sugar mills. Approximately 2.09 lakh hectares of land is dedicated to sugarcane farming.<ref name="Sugar">{{cite news |last1=Dabas |first1=Harveer |title=sugarcane: Bijnor has 2 of India's top 5 sugar mills |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/bijnor-has-2-of-indias-top-5-sugar-mills/articleshow/55928965.cms |access-date=24 November 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=12 December 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

==Cuisine==

Bijnor Urad Chawal is a notable rice-based dish of the region. It is served in special occasions like marriage.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aasid |first=Aasid |date=9 April 2022 |title=बिजनौर के मशहूरउड़द चावल सिर्फ बिजनौरी ही बता सकते हैं कि उड़द चावल का महत्त्व क्या है |url=https://bijnorexpress.com/bijnor-historic-information/ |access-date=13 July 2023 |work=Bijnor Express |language=hi}}</ref>

==Notable people==


*[[Najib ad-Dawlah]], Mughal serviceman and founder of [[Najibabad]]
*[[Raashid Alvi]], politician
*[[Vishal Bhardwaj]], film director and producer
*[[Rahul Chaudhari]], professional [[kabaddi]] player, gold medal winner in the [[2016 South Asian Games]] as member of [[India national kabaddi team]]
*[[Nazir Ahmad Dehlvi]], Urdu novel writer, social and religious reformer
*[[Sahu Jain family]], Prominent Industrialist who owns Times Group.
*[[Naim Ul Hasan]], politician
*[[Bakht Khan]], Indian rebel chief associated with [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
*[[Dushyant Kumar]], Hindi-language poet
*[[Om Kumar]], politician
*[[Manoj Kumar Paras]], politician
*[[Jagdish Prasad Mathur]], politician
*[[Prakash Mehra]], film director and producer
*[[Shadab Nazar]], first-class cricketer
*[[Swami Omvesh]], politician
*[[Hamid Afaq Qureshi]], historian
*[[Azizur Rahman (Indian politician)|Azizur Rahman]], politician
*[[Lokendra Singh (politician)|Lokendra Singh]], politician
*[[Meghna Singh]], cricketer and member of the [[India women's national cricket team]]
*[[Munshiram Singh]], politician
*[[Virendra Singh (physicist)|Virendra Singh]], Indian physicist
*[[Suchi (politician)|Suchi]], politician
*[[Ruchi Veera]], politician
*[[Syed Sajjad Haider Yaldram]], Urdu short story writer, travel writer, translator, linguist, essayist, and humorist



==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://bijnor.nic.in Bijnor website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Bijnor district
|North = [[Haridwar district]], [[Uttarakhand]]
|Northeast = [[Pauri Garhwal district]], Uttarakhand
|East = [[Nainital district]], Uttarakhand [[Udham Singh Nagar district]], Uttarakhand
|Southeast = [[Moradabad district]]
|South = [[Jyotiba Phule Nagar district]]
|Southwest = [[Meerut district]]
|West = [[Muzaffarnagar district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Coord|29|25|N|78|31|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd|display=title}}

{{Navboxes
|list=
{{Bijnor district}}
{{Districts of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
{{Moradabad division topics}}
}}

{{Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bijnor district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Minority concentrated districts in India]]

Ajana Path

2026-01-15T00:56:30Z

KINGRON: updated page

#REDIRECT [[List of Indian Bengali films of 1994]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Krishn Kanhai

2026-01-11T23:11:39Z

KINGRON: stub!

{{short description|Indian painter (born 1961)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Krishn Kanhai
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1961|8|21}}
| birth_place = [[Vrindavan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh]], India
| occupation = Artist, painter
| spouse =
| children = 3
| parents = Padmashri [[Kanhai Chitrakar]] & Geeta (Mother)
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] Rashtriya Kalidas Award Yash Bharti by U.P. Govt Brij Ratna Achiever of the Millennium Award
| other_names = Krishna Chitrakar
| years active =
| known for =
| partner =
| website = {{url|https://krishnkanhai.com}}
}}
'''Krishn Kanhai''' (born 21 August 1961) is an Indian artist and painter, specialist in portrait, realistic, contemporary paintings and on lord Radha-Krishna theme paintings. A Padmshri awardee, Kanhai is described as an artist with the midas touch.

==Introduction==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=August 2020}}
Krishn Kanhai is a master in contemporary, portrait as well as traditional gold painting. He has, however, not confined himself to the traditional alone but has also introduced certain significant techniques of his own that makes the canvas aesthetically appealing and spiritually rich.
He started painting on folk themes while still in his teens during 1976 and gradually came to evolve a style of his own, which bore his personal stamp. It did not take much time for him to get known, as the precursor of the Yamuna Ghat painting school. Has painted thousands of portraits on the now perishing theme of Radha-Krishna and their tales. Call him a fusion artist, if you like for making beautiful use of enchanting Radha-Krishna postures and turning them into contemporary modern art, eye catching and unforgettable at once. Stand before a Kanhai portrait of Krishna and, very often, you lose the sense of time as you keep on gazing at the Lord of Vrindavan, which seems to cast a spell over the on looker. He often uses pure gold and precious gems as raw material for his paintings.

Following in the footsteps of his father and mentor Padmashri Kanhai Chitrakar who himself was a renowned Krishna and Radha artist, young Krishna was encouraged by his father to carve his own niche, which he did earlier than expected. It is seldom, if ever that a father and a son have been honoured with a national award like Padmashri.

==Career==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=August 2020}}
Krishn Kanhai got his latest art work unveiled by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. The life-size portrait of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel impressed PM Modi so be a special place for the painting. When Pm Modi Saw the Painting, he said that “he wanted it to be kept at the statue of Unity at Kewadia, Gujarat. That is the of biggest compliment that I could get. Lakhs of People visit the Statue of Unity. It will be a big thing for me,” Kanhai says.

A life size portrait of Bharat Ratna, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee former Prime Minister of India, painted by Krishn Kanhai, hangs in the Central Hall of the Parliament at New Delhi, which was inaugurated in February 2019 by President of India, Shri Ramnath Kovind in the presence of our Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi and several others.

Modest to the core, Kanhai is an artist of International fame known to the political elite of the world, with several Presidents and Prime Ministers among his clients whose portraits were done by him in 2000. The list includes names like Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and former Deputy Prime Minister of India Lal Krishna Advani, besides the eminent industrialist Aditya Birla and his wife Rajshri Birla together with, one of her own kind politician, film actor and dream girl Hema Malini. For his outstanding and original contribution to the art of portraits, painting, the Government honoured him with Padmashri in 2004. He is also recipient of the National Kalidas Award 2009-10 from the Government of Madhya Pradesh as well as Yash Bharti Award from Uttar Pradesh Government (2015), and many more.

On request from the Uttar Pradesh Government Krishn Kanhai painted 59 portraits of UP leaders, 22 Chief Ministers of UP- past and present along with 20 past and present Speakers of the UP Assembly besides three portraits of Mahatma Gandhi, One portrait of Dr. Rajendra Prasad, one portrait of Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar & 12 portraits of Sabhapati of Vidhan Parishad.

INTERNATIONAL LEADERS
Krishn Kanhai Painted former President Bill & Hillary Clinton, USA; former President Barack Obama and his family; Lord Jo Johnson (Member of House of Lords of United Kingdom), brother of former Prime Minister Mr. Boris Johnson, U.K.

ACHIEVEMENT
Two research scholars, one Sangeeta Gupta of Bhimrao Ambedkar University Agra and the other Mohammad Wasim of Jiwaji Rao University, Gwalior were awarded Ph.D's on Kanhai (Father) and Krishn (Son), respectively.

Krishn Kanhai made more than 5000 paintings, approximately 800 portraits, approximately 700 contemporary paintings and more than 3500 gold paintings.

By the grace of God Krishn Kanhai Registries his name in Golden Edition of Word Book of Records (London) 2020.

==Awards==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=August 2020}}
* International Acclaim by Mr. A.H. Nelly (U.S.) President of International Publishers for Gold Paintings of Krishna Chitrakar on 30th Jan 1992.
* Received “Achiever of the millennium award 1999” at New Delhi.
* Brij Ratna” by Hon’ble Shri Mohammad Hamid Ansari, Then Vice Chancellor of Alighar University.
* Varisht Nagrik Samman” by Distt. Magistrate Mathura.
* Hon’ble Shri A.P.J Abdul Kalam President of India president “Padmashri” on 30 June 2004 at President house New Delhi.
* Awarded “Raja Chakradhar Samman” by the Hon’ble Shri Raman Singh, Chief Minister C.G, in September 2009.
* Awarded “Rashtriya Kalidas Samman” by the Govt. of M.P. for the year 2009–10.
* Received “Paridhi Achievers Award” January 2011.
* Awarded Yash Bharti Samman by the Uttar Pradesh Government (2015)
* Received “Special Honor” by Smt. Hema Malani, MP 2016.
* Received “Braj Ratna Samman” by Culture Minister Shri Laxmi Narayan Chaudhary 2017.
* Received “Braj Bhushan Samman” By Hon’ble Defiance Minister Shri Rajnath Singh 2019.
* Received “Braj Vibhuti Samman” by Padmashri Ashok Chakradhar -2019.
* Received "Dr. A.P.J Adul Kalam Samman", May 2022
* Received "Atal Bihari Vajpayee National Award", Oct 2023
* Received "Golden Achiever Award", Dec 2023

==Exhibitions==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=August 2020}}
* Hotel President June, 1981, Mumbai
* Seth studio, June, 1981, Mumbai
* Birla Academy of Art & Culture July 1981, Kolkata
* Haryana Bhawan July, 1981 Kolkata
* Special Show, Prime Minister House, 30 January 1999, New Delhi
* India Habitat Centre, February 1999, New Delhi
* Lalit Kala Academy, November 1993 New Delhi
* Special Show, Prime Minister House, November, 1993, New Delhi
* Birla academy of Art & Culture, September 2000 Kolkata
* Nehru Centre, Mumbai, September 2004
* Nehru Centre, Mumbai, November 2007
* Special Show, Chief Minister House, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) September 2009
* Raja Chakradhar samaroh, Raigarh (Chhattisgarh) September 2009
* Ravimdra Bhawan, Bhopal, M.P March 2012
* New Delhi Natya Tarangini, Saket, April 2022
* Mumbai:- November 2022, Exhibition at Tao Art Gallery, Worli, Inaugurated by Mrs. Shilpa Shetty, famous Flim Actress.

==International exhibitions==
* Houston, Texas, U.S., August 2000 {{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
* Hotel Holiday inn, Hong Kong, February 2002 {{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
* Hindu Temple, Manila (Philippines), February 2002 {{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
* Hotel Park Plaza, Westminster, London April 2015{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
* Dubai (UAE) : May 2024, Exhibition at Hotel Taj Business bay, Dubai, Inaugurated by
Mr. Satish Kumar Sivan (Consul General of India to Dubai )

Kanhai Art and master of traditional method of painting using gold leaves and gem stones.<ref name="IBN Live">{{cite web | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/artist-kanhai-chitrakar-passes-away-lk-advani-pays-tribute/414971-3-242.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102224532/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/artist-kanhai-chitrakar-passes-away-lk-advani-pays-tribute/414971-3-242.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=2013-11-02 | title=IBN Live | publisher=IBN Live | date=2014 | access-date=11 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="Hare Krsna">{{cite web | url=http://www.harekrsna.com/sun/news/10-05/news127.htm | title=Hare Krsna | publisher=Hare Krsna | date=2015 | access-date=11 March 2015}}</ref> He was born in [[Vrindavan]], in [[Mathura district]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Learning the art from his father, [[Padmashri Shri Kanhai Chitrakar]],<ref name="Hinduism Today">{{cite web | url=https://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=4146 | title=Hinduism Today | publisher=Hinduism Today | date=2015 | access-date=11 March 2015}}</ref>

Krishn carry on the tradition from ''Kanhai Art Works'', their base at [[Vrindavan]].<ref name="IBN Live" /><ref name="DNA India">{{cite web | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-pure-gold-and-crystal-studded-paintings-1130050 | title=DNA India | publisher=DNA India | date=26 October 2007 | access-date=11 March 2015}}</ref> He is a recipient of the ''Achiever of the Millennium'' in 1999.<ref name="India PR Wire">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/art/2010010240620.htm | title=India PR Wire | publisher=India PR Wire | date=2015 | access-date=11 March 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402152300/http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/art/2010010240620.htm | archive-date=2 April 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Government of India]] honoured him in 2004, with the award of [[Padma Shri]]. Also he was honoured with ''Rashriya Kalidas Award'' for 2009-10 and Govt of U.P. also honoured him ''YASH BHARTI in 2015.<ref name="Hare Krsna" /><ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Shri |publisher=Padma Shri |date=2015 |access-date=11 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>''

In August 2016, Kanhai made 40 portrait paintings for U.P. Vidhan Sabha, 20 portraits of all Ex Chief Minister's, 18 portraits of Vidhan Sabha Speakers and one Portrait of Mahatma Gandhi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.vrindavantoday.org/2016/08/kanhais-painting-graced-legislative-assemblys-gallery/|title=Kanhai Chitrakar CM portraits grace Legislative Assembly gallery - Vrindavan Today|date=31 August 2016|work=Vrindavan Today|access-date=2017-03-06|language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
*{{portal-inline|India}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanhai, Krishn}}
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:People from Mathura district]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Indian folklorists]]
[[Category:Painters from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]

Khan Samsul Alam

2025-12-26T08:34:44Z

KINGRON: new!

{{Short description|West Bengal politician}}
{{Other uses|Shamsul Alam (disambiguation){{!}}Shamsul Alam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Khan Samsul Alam
| native_name = (Kuna)
| office = Member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1972
| term_end = 1977
| predecessor = [[Pahati Bibhuti]]
| successor = [[Prabodh Chandra Sinha]]
| constituency = [[Egra Assembly constituency|Egra]]
| birth_date = 01.01.1931
| birth_place = [[Kasbagola],[Midnapore district]], [[Bengal Presidency]]
| death_place = Kasbagola
| death_date =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alma_mater =
| relatives =
| children =
}}
'''Khan Samsul Alam''' is an Indian politician belonging to the [[Indian National Congress]]. He was the MLA of [[Egra Assembly constituency]] in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].

==Early life and family==
Alam was born into a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] family of [[Muslim]] [[Khan (title)|Khans]] in [[Midnapore district]], [[Bengal Presidency]].

==Career==
Alam contested in the [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] where he ran as an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for [[Egra Assembly constituency]], defeating Socialist politician [[Prabodh Chandra Sinha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/1972/egra/|title=Egra, 1972|website=Latestly|access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alam, Khan Samsul}}
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:People from Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]
[[Category:1931 births]]

{{WestBengal-INC-politician-stub}}

Saraca asoca

2025-12-13T02:45:54Z

KINGRON: refine page after review and corrected details

{{short description|Species of plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Ashoka tree
| image = Sita-Ashok (Saraca asoca) flowers in Kolkata W IMG 4146.jpg
| image_caption = Ashoka flower cluster
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN2.3
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=CAMP Workshops on Medicinal Plants, India |title=''Saraca asoca'' |article-number=e.T34623A9879360 |year=1998 |access-date=2 June 2023}}</ref>
| taxon = Saraca asoca
| authority = ([[William Roxburgh|Roxb.]]) [[Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Willd.]]<ref name=TPL>{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/ild-39965 |title=Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd. — The Plant List |website=The Plant List |date=5 January 2015}}</ref>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=TPL />
| synonyms = *''Jonesia asoca'' Roxb. 
*''Jonesia confusa'' Hassk. 
*''Jonesia pinnata'' Willd. 
*''Saraca confusa'' (Hassk.) Backer 
*''Saraca indica'' sensu [[Richard Henry Beddome|Bedd.]], non [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
}}

'''''Saraca asoca''''', commonly known as the '''ashoka tree''' (lit. "sorrow-less"), is a plant belonging to the [[Detarioideae]] subfamily of the [[Fabaceae]] family of plants (also referred to as the legume, pea, or bean family).<ref>{{Citation |mode=cs1 |last1=de la Estrella |first1=Manuel |last2=Forest |first2=Félix |last3=Klitgård |first3=Bente |last4=Lewis |first4=Gwilym P. |last5=Mackinder |first5=Barbara A. |last6=de Queiroz |first6=Luciano P. |last7=Wieringa |first7=Jan J. |last8=Bruneau |first8=Anne |date=2018 |title=A new phylogeny-based tribal classification of subfamily Detarioideae, an early branching clade of florally diverse tropical arborescent legumes |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=6884 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-24687-3 |pmid=29720687 |pmc=5932001 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.6884D |name-list-style=amp |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The tree is native to the [[Indian subcontinent]], with its native range extending from [[Pakistan]] to the west, through [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]] to [[Myanmar]] in the east, and from [[Bhutan]] and [[Nepal]] in the north to [[Sri Lanka]] in the south. Within its native range, it is primarily growing in seasonally [[Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests|dry tropical forests]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saraca asoca (Roxb.) W.J.de Wilde {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:517883-1 |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref>

It is an important tree to multiple cultural traditions across the [[Indian subcontinent]] and beyond.

The flower of ashoka tree is the state flower of Indian state of [[Odisha]].<ref>{{citation | url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/orissa/state-symbols.html| title=Orissa State Symbols}}</ref>

==Description==
The ashoka is a [[rain-forest]] tree. Its original distribution was in the central areas of the [[Deccan Plateau]], as well as the middle section of the [[Western Ghats]] in the western coastal zone of the Indian subcontinent.

The ashoka is prized for its beautiful foliage and fragrant [[flower]]s. It is a handsome, small, erect [[evergreen]] tree, with deep green leaves growing in dense clusters.

Its flowering season is around February to April. The ashoka flowers come in heavy, lush bunches. They are bright orange-yellow in color, turning red before wilting.

As a wild tree, the ashoka is a [[vulnerable species]]. It is becoming rarer in its natural habitat, but isolated wild ashoka trees are still to be found in the foothills of the central and eastern [[Himalayas]], in scattered locations of the northern plains of India as well as on the west coast of the subcontinent near [[Mumbai]].{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}

There are a few varieties of the ashoka tree. One variety is larger and highly spreading. The columnar varieties are common in cultivation.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Sita-Ashok (Saraca asoca) leaves & flowers in Kolkata W IMG 4175.jpg|Leaves and flowers in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
File:ASHOKa.jpg|Ashoka blossom
File:Fruit of Saraca asoca.jpeg|Fruit
</gallery>

==Mythology and tradition==
The ashoka tree is used as a traditional medicinal plant.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia |article=Flora |author=M Iqbal Zuberi}}</ref>
It is considered sacred throughout the Indian subcontinent, especially in [[India]], [[Nepal]] and [[Sri Lanka]]. This tree has many [[Folklore of India|folklorical]], religious and literary associations in the region. Highly valued as well for its handsome appearance and the color and abundance of its [[flower]]s, the ashoka tree is often found in royal palace compounds and gardens as well as close to temples throughout India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamilnadu.com/herbs/ashoka.html |title=Herbs - Ashoka |publisher=Tamilnadu.com |date=25 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814044945/http://tamilnadu.com/herbs/ashoka.html |archive-date=August 14, 2013 }}</ref>

The ashoka tree is closely associated with the [[yakshi]] mythological beings. One of the recurring elements in [[Indian art]], often found at gates of Buddhist and Hindu temples, is the sculpture of a yakshini with her foot on the trunk and her hands holding the branch of a flowering ashoka tree. As an artistic element, often the tree and the yakshi are subject to heavy [[Indian art|stylization]]. Some authors hold that the young girl at the foot of this tree is based on an ancient [[tree deity]] related to [[fertility]].<ref>Heinrich Zimmer, ''Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization.'' (1946)</ref>

Yakshis under the ashoka tree were also important in early Buddhist monuments as a decorative element and are found in many ancient Buddhist archaeological sites. With the passing of the centuries the yakshi under the ashoka tree became a standard decorative element of Hindu [[Sculpture in India|Indian sculpture]] and was integrated into [[Architecture of India|Indian temple architecture]] as [[salabhanjika]], because there is often a confusion between the ashoka tree and the [[Shorea robusta|sal]] tree (''Shorea robusta'') in the ancient literature of the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>Buddhistische Bilderwelt: Hans Wolfgang Schumann, ''Ein ikonographisches Handbuch des Mahayana- und Tantrayana-Buddhismus.'' Eugen Diederichs Verlag. Cologne. {{ISBN|978-3-424-00897-5}}</ref>

In [[Hinduism]] the ashoka is considered a sacred tree. Not counting a multitude of local traditions connected to it, the ashoka tree is worshipped in [[Chaitra]],<ref name=her>{{Cite web |url=http://www.herbsnspicesinfo.com/medicinal-herbs/ashoka-tree.aspx |title=Ashoka Tree |access-date=2009-03-30 |archive-date=2011-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711163305/http://www.herbsnspicesinfo.com/medicinal-herbs/ashoka-tree.aspx }}</ref> a month of the [[Hindu calendar]].<ref name=her/> It is also associated with [[Kamadeva]], the Hindu god of love, who included an ashoka blossom among the five flowers in his quiver, where ashoka represent seductive hypnosis.<ref>{{cite book |title=Flowering Trees and Shrubs in India, Sixth Edition |last=Cowen |first=D. V. |year=1984 |publisher=THACKER and Co. Ltd. |location=[[Bombay]] |page=5}}</ref> Hence, the ashoka tree is often mentioned in classical [[Sanskrit literature|Indian religious and amorous poetry]], having at least sixteen different names in [[Sanskrit]] referring to the tree or its flowers.<ref>Eckard Schleberger, ''Die indische Götterwelt. Gestalt, Ausdruck und Sinnbild'' Eugen Diederich Verlag. Cologne. {{ISBN|3-424-00898-2}}, {{ISBN|978-3-424-00898-2}}</ref>

In ''Mahākāvya'', or [[Indian epic poetry]], the ashoka tree is mentioned in the ''[[Ramayana]]'' in reference to the ''[[Ashoka Vatika]]'' (garden of ashoka trees) where [[Hanuman]] first meets [[Sita]].

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Dried Ashoka flower (Saraca asoca).jpg|Dried ashoka flower (Saraca asoca) for selling in Kolkata market, India
File:Birth of Buddha at Lumbini.jpg|Queen Māyā giving birth to the Buddha
File:CunninghamBharhut.jpg|Yakshi under a stylized ashoka tree. Railing figure at [[Bharhut]] Stupa, 2nd century BC, India.
</gallery>

==Other trees called 'ashoka tree' ==
[[File:Polyalthia longifolia.jpg|thumb|right|False ashoka]]
The ashoka tree is sometimes incorrectly known as ''[[Saraca indica]]''.<ref>{{citation |author=Zuijderhoudt, G.F.P. |title=A revision of the genus ''Saraca'' L. — (Legum. Caes.) |journal=Blumea |volume=15 |pages=413–425 |year=1968 |url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/565670}}</ref>

A popular tree known as "false ashoka tree" or even as "ashoka tree", ''[[Polyalthia longifolia]]'', is cultivated to resemble the growth pattern of erect pillar-like Mediterranean [[Cupressus sempervirens|cypress]] trees. It is a popular park and garden plant, much used in landscaping on the Indian subcontinent, known also as ''Devadaar'' or ''Debdaru''. This tree can easily be distinguished by its simple leaves and very different flowers. Ashoka flowers are red (initially orange in color) while ''P. longifolia'' flowers are apple green in color. Ashoka fruits look like broad beans containing multiple seeds while false ashoka fruits are small, spherical and contain only one seed. Ashoka trees are small in height, while false ashoka is taller.

==See also==
* [[Indian epics]]
* [[Kurincippattu]]
* [[Shitala]]
* [[The birth of Buddha (Lalitavistara)]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal|last1=Saha|first1=Jayita|last2=Gupta|first2=Kamala|last3=Gupta|first3=Bhaskar|title=Phylogenetic analyses and evolutionary relationships of Saraca asoca with their allied taxa (Tribe-Detarieae) based on the chloroplast matK gene|journal=Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology|date=January 2015|volume=24|issue=1|pages=65–74|doi=10.1007/s13562-013-0237-3|bibcode=2015JPBB...24...65S |s2cid=18464425}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Saraca asoca}}

{{Worship in Hinduism}}
{{Jainism topics}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q757356}}

[[Category:Saraca|asoca]]
[[Category:Trees of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Sacred trees in Hinduism]]
[[Category:Buddhist mythology]]
[[Category:Indian folklore]]
[[Category:Vulnerable plants]]
[[Category:Jain symbols]]
[[Category:Symbols of Uttar Pradesh]]

Pulgaon

2025-12-09T16:06:13Z

KINGRON:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Missing citations|article|date=November 2022}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pulgaon
| other_name = Bridgetown
| nickname =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline = [[File:Pulgaon-bridge-abhijeet-wankhade.jpg|300px|Pulgaon bridge]]
| image_caption = Pulgaon train bridge
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.726|N|78.317|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vidarbha]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Wardha district|Wardha]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| population_demonym = Pulgaonkar, Bridgetowner
| government_type = [[Municipal Council]]
| governing_body = Pulgaon Municipal Council
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 285
| population_total = 33,925<ref group=note>According to the Census Organization of India. See [http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802697-pulgaon.html Pulgaon population 2011].</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 959
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 442302 (town) * 442303 ([[Central Ammunition Depot, Pulgaon|CAD]])
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-7158
| registration_plate = MH32 ([[Wardha District]])
| website = www.collectorwardha.nic.in
| footnotes =
}}
'''Pulgaon''' is a [[municipal council]] in [[Wardha district]] in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. The nearest city is [[Wardha]], {{convert|32|km|mi}} away via the [[Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway]].

==History==
Pulgaon was created as a municipality in 1901<ref group="note">The Census Handbook of the Wardha district instead gives the year as 1902.</ref> and has an area of {{convert|5.3|sqmi|km2|order=flip|abbr=on}} under its jurisdiction.<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/WARDHA/places_Pulgaon.html Maharashtra Gazetteers Dept.]</ref> The old town lies south of the railway station and is relatively new; it grew from a collection of hutments of workers employed for the nearby railway bridge over the Wardha river{{When|date=November 2022}}. It is therefore unofficially called "Bridgetown" (from {{langx|mr|पुल|pul|bridge}} and {{langx|mr|गाव|gaon|village/town}}). The town's rapid rise in importance was partially due to its favorable position in the center of a cotton-growing area.

The town is built on rocky soil and derives its water supply mainly from the [[Wardha|Wardha river]], and more recently, from wells. In dry years, [[water scarcity]] has occurred.

In 2005, Pulgaon was a B-grade municipal council, with boundary limits of {{convert|5.29|sqmi|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web | title=The Gazetteers Department - Wardha | url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/WARDHA/local_municipalties.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206071024/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in:80/english/gazetteer/WARDHA/local_municipalties.html | access-date=2025-04-07 | archive-date=2007-12-06}}</ref> Like many small towns across India, Pulgaon's limits have been expanded and the majority of the population are actually legally within either [[Nachangaon]] or [[Gunjkheda]]{{What|date=November 2022}}.

==Demographics==
===Religious places===
[[File:Temple of Pulgaon.jpg|thumb|Shiva temple, Panchadhara{{Imagefact|date=November 2022}}]]
[[File:PLGTemp2.jpg|thumb|Shiva temple, Panchadhara]]
[[File:panchadhara.jpg|thumb|Panchadhara point]]

Pulgaon has places of worship representing [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Sikhism]], [[Jainism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Islam]].

The major Hindu temples in the town are of [[Madan Mohan]], [[Venkateswara|Balaji]], [[Shiva]], [[Hanuman]], [[rama|Ram]], [[Dattatreya|Datta]], [[Bhavani]]-Mata, Katheen-Mata, [[Bhairava|Bhairav]]-Baba, and [[Vitthal]]. The [[Bhavani]] temple was the first temple built in Pulgaon.{{cn|date=November 2023}} The Balaji temple is reported to be 80 years old and is looked after by a trust. The [[Shiva]] temple at Panchadhara is one of the oldest too. The temple of [[Madan Mohan]] Vallabh Sampraday Haveli was built approximately 110 years ago{{When|date=November 2022}} by Ishwardasji Mohata. Madan Mohanji (Krishna), Shyaminiji (Radha), and Laddu Gopal in Astha Dhatu are celebrated there. Datta Mandir, which is very ancient, was built by Shrimati Bramhlin Santinbai.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

The town's Buddhist temple contains a [[bronze]] bust of the Buddha, reported to have been brought from [[Thailand]]. The temple has a spacious ''sabhamandap'' ({{Langx|mr|सभामंडप|lit=auditorium}}), and was built by the neo-Buddhists of Pulgaon.

The town's Jain temple is one of the oldest temples and is the only Jain temple in the region. The "Mahavir Jayanti Utsav"{{Clarify|date=November 2022|reason=Is this the same as "Mahavir Janma Kalyanak"? That has a Wikipedia page we can link to.}} is celebrated every year, with a huge procession through the town.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Male
! rowspan="2" |Female
! rowspan="2" |Total Population
! rowspan="2" |Change
! colspan="8" |Religion (%)
|-
!Hindu
!Muslim
!Christian
!Sikhs
!Buddhist
!Jain
!Other religions and persuasions
!Religion not stated
|-
|2001<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21494/download/24626/PC01_C01_27.xls Census India 2001].</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |18978
| style="text-align:right;" |17544
| style="text-align:right;" |36522
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |62.962
| style="text-align:right;" |8.556
| style="text-align:right;" |0.528
| style="text-align:right;" |0.244
| style="text-align:right;" |26.335
| style="text-align:right;" |1.358
| style="text-align:right;" |0.000
| style="text-align:right;" |0.016
|-
|2011<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS Census India 2011].</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |17573
| style="text-align:right;" |16352
| style="text-align:right;" |33925
| style="text-align:right;" |-7.111
| style="text-align:right;" |62.388
| style="text-align:right;" |11.163
| style="text-align:right;" |0.584
| style="text-align:right;" |0.336
| style="text-align:right;" |24.212
| style="text-align:right;" |1.259
| style="text-align:right;" |0.027
| style="text-align:right;" |0.032
|}
{{Graph:Chart
| width=400
| height=150
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisFormat = %
| showSymbols =
|colors = orange,green,blue,red,pink,grey,purple,black
| yAxisTitle=Religion
| legend=
| y1Title=Hindu
| y2Title=Muslim
| y3Title=Christian
| y4Title=Sikhs
| y5Title=Buddhist
| y6Title=Jain
| y7Title=Other
| y8Title=Religion not stated
| x=2001,2011
| type = line
| y1=0.62962,0.62388
| y2=0.08556,0.11163
| y3=0.00528,0.00584
| y4=0.00244,0.00336
| y5=0.26335,0.24212
| y6=0.01358,0.01259
| y7=0,0.00027
| y8=0.00016,0.00032
}}
{{Graph:Chart
| width=400
| height=150
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisFormat = %
| showSymbols =
|colors = orange,green,blue,red,pink,grey,purple,black
| yAxisTitle=Religion
| legend=
| y1Title=Hindu
| y2Title=Muslim
| y3Title=Christian
| y4Title=Sikhs
| y5Title=Buddhist
| y6Title=Jain
| y7Title=Other
| y8Title=Religion not stated
| x=2001,2011
| type = rect
| y1=0.62962,0.62388
| y2=0.08556,0.11163
| y3=0.00528,0.00584
| y4=0.00244,0.00336
| y5=0.26335,0.24212
| y6=0.01358,0.01259
| y7=0,0.00027
| y8=0.00016,0.00032
}}

===Education===
Pulgaon as the Jr. & Sr. Colleges of all the streams viz., [[Science]], [[Commerce]], & [[Arts]].{{What|date=November 2022}}

The R. K. High School & Jr. College is the top-ranked{{According to whom|date=November 2022}} school in town and the oldest. Additional high schools include the Aadarsh High School & Jr. College, Labour Camp High School, St. John High School, Central School, Dr. Zakir Hussain Urdu High School, and Lalitabai Muraka Girls High School and Jr. College.

Pulgaon is home to the [[Industrial training institute|Industrial Training Institute, Pulgaon]], which was established in 1963 by the government of Maharashtra.

A town library is operated by the Siddharth Navyouvak library.

===Sports===
Established in 1952, the Liberty Club is a local sports club that coordinates most indoor games. Additionally, the club engages in social and cultural work. In 1961, it helped organize a mahila mandal{{Clarify|date=November 2022}}, tailoring classes, and the construction of a ''vyayamshala'' ({{Langx|mr|व्यायामशाळा|lit=gymnasium}}). Since 1962, it has also put out a weekly magazine called ''Shiv Prerana'', in both [[Hindi]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}}

==Economy==
Pulgaon is one of the leading [[cotton]] trade centers in the district. Pulgaon Cotton Mills, founded in 1890 by the British, is an old industry in central India. The Mill was closed by the state government in March 2003. The loss of this major source of income in the region put almost 2,000 families in trouble.{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}} Other industries include cotton ginning and pressing factories, [[hand-loom]] textiles, and BEC fertilizers.

===Central Ammunition Depot===
Located near Pulgaon is the Central Ammunition Depot, a military area and the second-largest ammunition depot in Asia. It was a place of minimal security risk until around 1999–2000. Following the [[September 11 attacks]] and the [[2001 Indian Parliament attack|Indian parliament attack]] in 2001, the security of the area was increased, and all types of leisure activity in the area were stopped. Visiting Bhairav-Baba temple, which resides inside the premises, is strictly restricted due to security risks.

There are two schools inside this military area: Kendriya Vidyalaya, Pulgaon; and Army Primary School, Pulgaon. The students are primarily children of military personnel.

On 31 May 2016, a major fire broke out in the ammunition depot. At least 2 army and 18 DSC personnel were killed, and 19 more were injured.<ref name="fire_31st_May_2016">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fire-at-armys-ammunition-depot/article8671215.ece?homepage=true | title=Fire at Army's ammunition depot in Pulgaon kills 17 | date=31 May 2016 | agency=The Hindu | accessdate=31 May 2016 | location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref name="fire_31st_May_2016- Video">{{cite news | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXcYgTaZJ-I |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/eXcYgTaZJ-I |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live| title=17 dead In Major Fire At Pulgaon, Army's Biggest Ammo Depot | date=31 May 2016 | agency=Aaj Tak | accessdate=31 May 2016 | location=Wardha}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

===Transportation===
There is an [[MSRTC|Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation]] (MSRTC) bus depot and workshop in Pulgaon. In 2007, it had a capacity of 38 buses. Cities and towns connected by buses to Pulgaon include [[Nagpur]], [[Wardha]], [[Gondia]], [[Yavatmal]], [[Akola]], [[Amravati]], [[Chandrapur]], and [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]].

[[Pulgaon railway station]] lies on the [[Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line]], and is a major stop due to the nearby Central Ammunition Depot. A narrow-gauge railway line connected Pulgaon to [[Arvi, Wardha|Arvi]]; it is now abandoned.

==Municipal Council==
The municipal council is composed of 19 elected councilors. A president is elected by the councilors from among themselves to preside over its meetings. In 1961–62, the total municipal receipts were ₹287,337 of which ₹112,347 came from municipal taxes.{{relevance inline |sentence |reason=Old, trivial information. |date=November 2022}}

The results of the 2016 Municipal Council elections are given in the following table:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ncresultsx.in/2016/11/maharashtra-municipalitiesnagar-palika.html |title=Maharashtra Municipalities/Nagar Palika Results 2016 Live News updates |NCResults |access-date=30 December 2016 |archive-date=30 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230160649/http://www.ncresultsx.in/2016/11/maharashtra-municipalitiesnagar-palika.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{|class="sortable wikitable"
! Party name !! Party flag or symbol !! Number of Corporators
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) || || 8
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) || || 2
|-
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP) || [[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|75px]] || 5
|-
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) || [[File:NCP-flag.svg|75px]] || 0
|-
| [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] (SS) || [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg|75px]] || 0
|-
| [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] (MNS) || [[File:Flag of Maharashtra Navnirman Sena.svg|75px]] || 0
|-
| Independents || [[File:No flag.svg|75px]] || 3
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist |group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Wardha district topics}}
{{vidarbha}}
{{Maharashtra}}
{{Godavari basin}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Wardha district]]
[[Category:Ammunition dumps]]
[[Category:Indian Army bases]]
[[Category:Wardha district]]

Jamtara, Giridih

2025-12-02T11:54:48Z

KINGRON: article!

{{Short description|Census town in Jharkhand, India}}
{{other uses|Jamtara (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jamtara
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.99542|N|86.014623|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Giridih district|Giridih]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4.54
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 155
| population_total = 6255
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages (*For language details see [[Dumri, Giridih (community development block)#Language and religion]])
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 825106
| area_code_type = Telephone/ STD code
| area_code = 06557
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Giridih (Lok Sabha constituency)|Giridih]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Dumri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dumri]]
| website = {{URL|giridih.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jamtara''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Dumri, Giridih (community development block)|Dumri]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Dumri subdivision]] of the [[Giridih district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=310| height=480| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|24|19|0|N|86|10|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the Giridih district in North Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious/ tourist centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|24|6|36|N|86|28|51|E}} | label-pos1=bottom|label1= Ahilyapur | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Ahilyapur]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|55|24|N|86|2|38|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Nimiaghat| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Asurbandh]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|5|30|N|85|49|50|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Bagodar| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Bagodar]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|18|6|N|86|21|39|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Bengabad| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Bengabad]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|35|39|N|86|13|28|E}} | label-pos5=top|label5= Bhelwaghati| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Bhelwaghati]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|16|28|N|85|55|31|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Birni| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Birni, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|30|51|N|86|11|40|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7= Deori| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Deori, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|59|20|N|85|59|30|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Dumri| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Dumri, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|11|30|N|86|26|20|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Gandey| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Gandey]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|37|16|N|85|56|47|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Gawan| numbered10=R| mark-title10=[[Gawan, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|3|50|N|85|52|48|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Hesla| numbered11=R| mark-title11=[[Hesla]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|22|13|N|86|8|51|E}} | label-pos12=bottom|label12= Jamua| numbered12=R| mark-title12=[[Jamua]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|27|49|N|86|0|15|E}} | label-pos13=top|label13= Khori Mahua| numbered13=R| mark-title13=[[Khori Mahua]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|0|26|N|86|13|24|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Khukhra| numbered14=R| mark-title14=[[Khukhra]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|27|10|N|86|2|51|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Hirodih| numbered15=R| mark-title15=[[Pandedih]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|4|0|N|86|9|47|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Pirtand| numbered16=R| mark-title16=[[Pirtand]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|11|13|N|85|53|29|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Suriya| numbered17=R| mark-title17=[[Suriya, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|3|4|N|86|26|0|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Taratanr| numbered18=R| mark-title18=[[Taratanr]] (R)
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|34|28|N|86|3|32|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Tisri| numbered19=R| mark-title19=[[Tisri, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|12|30|N|86|18|20|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Giridih| numbered20=M| mark-title20= [[Giridih]] (M) |label-size21=13 |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|57|40|N|86|8|13|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Shikharji| numbered21=H| mark-title21=[[Shikharji]] (H) | shape-color21=#AA6666
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|57|0|N|86|10|0|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Pareshath Hill| numbered22=H| mark-title22=[[Pareshnath Hill]] (H) | shape-color22=#AA6666
|mark-coord23={{coord|24|0|25|N|86|8|46|E}} | label-pos23=top|label23= Madhuban| numbered23=H| mark-title23=[[Madhuban, Giridih]] (H) | shape-color23=#AA6666
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|25|24|N|86|9|57|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24= Kharagdiha| numbered24=H| mark-title24=[[Kharagdiha]] (H) | shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|5|47|N|86|22|14|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Usri Falls| numbered25=H| mark-title25=[[Usri Falls]] (H) | shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|8|20|N|86|16|30|E}} | label-pos26=left|label26=Giridih coalfield |numbered26=0 | mark-title26=[[Giridih Coalfield]] | label-size26=12| shape-color26=#AA6666
|mark-coord27={{coord|24|10|13|N|86|16|15|E}}| label-pos27=left|label27=Akdoni Khurd| numbered27=CT| mark-title27= [[Akdoni Khurd]] (CT) |shape-color27= #A40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|9|50|N|85|53|25|E}}| label-pos28=bottom|label28=Barki Saraiya| numbered28=CT| mark-title28= [[Barki Saraiya]] (CT) |shape-color28= #A40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|24|8|50|N|86|18|28|E}}| label-pos29=right|label29=Dandidih| numbered29=CT| mark-title29= [[Dandidih]] (CT) |shape-color29= #A40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|25|12|N|85|58|48|E}}| label-pos30=left|label30=Dhanwar| numbered30=CT| mark-title30= [[Dhanwar, Giridih]] (CT) |shape-color30= #A40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|59|14|N|86|1|48|E}}| label-pos31=right|label31=Isri| numbered31=CT| mark-title31= [[Isri]] (CT) |shape-color31= #A40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|1|0|N|86|0|52|E}}| label-pos32=left|label32=Jamtara| numbered32=CT| mark-title32= Jamtara, Giridih (CT) |shape-color32=black| label-size32=13|label-color32=black 
|mark-coord33={{coord|24|14|0|N|86|24|18|E}}| label-pos33=top|label33=Maheshmunda| numbered33=CT| mark-title33= [[Maheshmunda]] (CT) |shape-color33= #A40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|24|10|0|N|86|18|27|E}}| label-pos34=right|label34=Paratdih| numbered34=CT| mark-title34= [[Paratdih]] (CT) |shape-color34= #A40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|24|7|30|N|86|19|10|E}}| label-pos35=right|label35=Pertodih| numbered35=CT| mark-title35= [[Pertodih]] (CT) |shape-color35= #A40000
|mark-coord36={{coord|24|14|0|N|86|17|35|E}}| label-pos36=left|label36=Sirsia| numbered36=CT| mark-title36= [[Sirsia]] (CT) |shape-color36= #A40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|24|12|15|N|86|15|27|E}}| label-pos37=left|label37=Telodih| numbered37=CT| mark-title37= [[Telodih]] (CT) |shape-color37= #A40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|24|8|30|N|86|1|0|E}} |label38= Barakar|labela38= River |label-color38 = #77A1CB| label-angle38= -10| label-pos38=top| label-size38=10| mark-size38=0| mark-title38 =none
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|0|0|N|85|49|20|E}} |label39= Jamunia|labela39= River|label-color39 = #77A1CB| label-angle39= -50| label-pos39=top| label-size39=10| mark-size39=0| mark-title39 =none
|mark-coord40={{coord|24|33|0|N|86|0|0|E}} |label40= Sakri River|label-color40 = #77A1CB| label-angle40= 20| label-pos40=top| label-size40=10| mark-size40=0| mark-title40 =none
|mark-coord41={{coord|24|39|19|N|86|0|17|E}} | label-pos41=left|label41= Lokainayanpur| numbered41=R| mark-title41=[[Lokainayanpur]] (R)
|ar|mark-coord42={{coord|24|23|25|N|86|10|24|E}} | label-pos42=right|label42= Mirzaganj| numbered42=R| mark-title42=[[Mirzaganj]] (R)
|mark-coord43={{coord|24|20|28|N|86|1|4|E}} | label-pos43=left|label43= Jharkhand|labela43= Dham| numbered43=H| mark-title43=[[Jharkhand Dham]] (H) | shape-color43=#AA6666
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|48|0|N|85|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BIHAR| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-35| arc-gapA=15.0| arc-radiusA=0.35}}

===Location===
Jamtara is located at {{coord|23.99542|N|86.014623|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
Giridih district is a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]], with rocky soil and extensive forests. Most of the rivers in the district flow from the west to east, except in the northern portion where the rivers flow north and north west. The [[Pareshnath Hill]] rises to a height of {{convert|4479|ft}}. The district has coal and mica mines. It is an overwhelmingly rural district with small pockets of urbanisation.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Giridih, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Natural Divisions, Forests: pages 8 and 9 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 15 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 23 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://desjharkhand.nic.in/publications.html | title = District Statistical Handbook, Giridih | work = Tables 2.1, 2.4, 2.6 | publisher = Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Jharkhand | accessdate = 23 September 2017 }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Jamtara had a total population of 6,255, of which 3,249 (52%) were males and 3,006 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 949. The total number of literate persons in Jamtara was 3,906 (73.61% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2004_PART_B_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Giridih, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Page 292: District Primary Census Abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 8 December 2020}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Giridih'', Jamtara covered an area of 4.54 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 48 km roads with open drains, the protected water supply involved uncovered well, hand pump. It had 879 domestic electric connections, 15 road light points. Among the educational facilities it had 6 primary schools, 3 middle schools, 2 secondary schools, 2 senior secondary schools, 1 general degree college. It had 9 non-formal education centres (Sarva Siksha Abhiyan). Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 1 stadium, 1 cinema theatre, 1 auditorium/ community hall, 1 public library, reading room. Two important commodities it produced were bamboo baskets, muri. It had the branch offices of 1 nationalised bank, 1 cooperative bank.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Giridih, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Pages 1309-1317| publisher = Directorate of census Operations, Jharkhand |accessdate = 7 December 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Giridih District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Giridih district]]

Rising Star (Indian TV series) season 2

2025-11-16T18:08:46Z

KINGRON: added article...

{{short description|Indian Television show}}
{{About|Indian series|international franchise broadcast in a number of countries|Rising Star (TV series)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox television season
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| starring =
| num_episodes = 25
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| released =
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2018|1|20}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2018|4|15}}
| episode_list =
}}

'''''[[Rising Star (Indian TV series)|Rising Star]]''''' is the second [[India]]n version of the international franchise series ''[[Rising Star (TV series)|Rising Star]]'', a reality television singing competition. This is first time when Rising Star does not come with any present sponsor. This season earlier had an age limit of 4–13 years but when singers more than 13 years of age came for audition, the channel decided to change the age limit to 4 years and above. It is based on the [[Israel]]i singing competition ''[[HaKokhav HaBa]]'' (meaning ''The Next Star'') created by [[Keshet (TV)|Keshet Broadcasting Ltd]].

The program format lets the viewers vote for contestants live via the television channel's mobile app. The show premiered on 20 January 2018 on [[Colors TV]]. This is the first reality television show in India which involves Live Audience Voting through [[Voot]] App.

Popular playback singer and music director [[Shankar Mahadevan]], playback singer and actor [[Monali Thakur]] and actor-singer [[Diljit Dosanjh]] return as the experts in the show.

The show is hosted by TV Actor [[Ravi Dubey]].
The winner of Rising Star Season 2 is [[Hemant Brijwasi]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/hemant-brijwasi-became-the-winner-of-rising-star-2-5852628.html| title=हेमंत बने 'राइजिंग स्टार 2' के विनर, 9 साल पहले जीता 'सारेगामा लिटिल चैम्प'| website=Bhaskar}}</ref>

==Format==
In contrast to other singing competition TV shows which feature a cast of celebrity judges, ''Rising Star'' features a cast of celebrity experts and considers the viewers at home the judges.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrap.com/abc-rising-star-judges-explain-why-this-singing-competition-will-be-different/|title=ABC's ‘Rising Star’ Judges Explain Why This Singing Competition Will Be Different|work=[[The Wrap]]|accessdate=June 10, 2014}}</ref> During each performance, the audience at home is able to decide in real time whether or not a contestant is sent through to the next round by using a mobile voting app.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/tv/news/abc-rising-star-trailer-promo-you-are-the-judge-1201210296/|title=ABC's ‘Rising Star’ Trailer: You're the Judge of the New Singing Competition|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=June 10, 2014}}</ref>

While the viewers at home are considered the "judges", the expert panelists also may influence the vote but with continuously decreasing percentage votes over the total public vote and not exceeding 5% of the total voting power.

===The Auditions===
The first round where the acts are individually called to perform. As a reportage of the announced performer is shown, viewers are invited to register for voting for that specific act. Following a countdown of three seconds, the candidate has to start performing behind a screen called "The Wall".

With start of performance, the voting kicks in. Registered voters have the option of voting just "Yes" or "No". Non-votes are also considered "No" votes. If an expert votes "Yes", another 5% is added to the tally of the contestant. The contestants also see random photos of voters in their favour. Faces of panelists voting "Yes" are also shown in larger frames.

Once the contestant reaches 80% of "Yes" votes, the wall is raised and the contestant goes to the next round of the competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2014/06/03/rising-star-trailer/|title='Rising Star' trailer: Ludacris is tired of waiting for results|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|accessdate=June 10, 2014}}</ref>

===The Duels===
Contestants who make it through the auditions are paired by the judges to face off in a duel. The first contestant sings with the wall up and sets the benchmark for the second contestant. The second contestant sings with the wall down. If the second contestant betters the first contestant's vote total, the wall rises and the second contestant was through to the next round while the first contestant is eliminated; if the second contestant fails to raise the wall, the second contestant is eliminated and the first contestant goes through.

==Series details==
===The Live Auditions===
The Live auditions began on 20 January 2018 and went on till 4 February 2018.
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Episode Date
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Age (in years)
! rowspan="2" |From
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Expert's Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar
Mahadevan
!Monali
Thakur
!Diljit
Dosanjh
|-
| rowspan="6" |Jan 20
|[[Rohanpreet Singh]]
|23
|Patiala
|Dil Diyan Gallan
|95%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Mamta Raut
|31
|Ranchi
|Baghban
|86%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Aman Biswal
|12
|Bhubaneshwar
|Om Namah Shivay + Albela Sajan
|89%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Debanjali Chaterjee
|29
|Kolkata
|Har Kisi Ko
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Sriprasanna Pendyalaya
|21
|Visakhapatnam
|Sun Saathiya
|94%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Friendship Band
|24-27
|Lucknow
|Mehbooba Mehbooba + ...
|80%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
| rowspan="8" |Jan 21
|Dr. Sudeep Ranjan
|24
|Boko, Assam
|Khamoshiyan
|93%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Soham & Chaitanya
|10 & 12
|Alandi, Pune
|Dagabaaz Re
|94%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Iswari Behera
|21
|Sambhalpur, Odisha
|Dua
|77%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Srushti & Varsha Barlemwar
|23 & 48
|Nagpur
|Saiyaan Dil Mein Aana Re
|66%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Ridham Kalyan
|18
|Amritsar
|Aaj Ibaadat
|83%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Rajnigandha Shekhawat
|43
|Jaipur, Rajasthan
|Badrinath Ki Dulhania + Holiya Me Ude Re Gulal
|74%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Ashwin Prabhu
|22
|Bengaluru
|Tumse Milke Dil Ka Hai Jo Haal
|89%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Afreen Group
|18-24
|Jalandar
|Naina Thag Lenge + [[Kajra Re]]
|94%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
| rowspan="7" |Jan 27
|Nigam Brothers
|22 & 31
|Lucknow
|[[Dil Se Re]] + Maa Tujhe Salaam
|91%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Prakruthi Reddy
|8
|Bangalore, Karnataka
|Nagada Sang Dhol
|67%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Alankar Mahtolia
|23
|New Delhi
|Chunar
|86%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Manganiyar Fusion
|21-27
|Jaisalmer, Rajasthan
|Saree Ke Fall Sa
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Raenit Singh
|23
|New Delhi
|Moh Moh Ke Dhaage
|94%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Raman Kapoor
|27
|Gurugram, Haryana
|Rang De Basanti
|80%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Mohd Rehan Quraishi
|28
|Lucknow
|Aas Paas Khuda
|73%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
| rowspan="8" |Jan 28
|Sindhu Wadekar
|60
|Maharashtra
|Hansta Hua Noorani Chehra
|89%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Akhtar Brothers
|21 & 23
|Punjab
|Sultan
|93%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Shashank Sekhar
|28
|Bhubaneswar
|Teri Meri Kahaani
|94%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|12
|Kerala
|Jiya Jale
|93%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Jyoti Sharma
|18
|Guwahati
|Parda Parda
|66%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|The Harmony Chorus
|10-16
|Bengaluru
|Kal Ho Naa Ho + Choti Si Aasha + Taare Zameen Par
|93%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Sakshi Ratti
|21
|Ludhiana, Punjab
|Kamli
|66%
||[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Sagar Mhatre
|20
|Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
|Dil Ki Tapish
|94%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
| rowspan="7" |Feb 3
|Zaid Ali
|10
|Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh
|Mere Rashke Qamar
|91%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Vishal Srivastava
|34
|New Delhi
|Ab Tere Bin
|63%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Arya Nandini
|17
|Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh
|[[Ghoomar (song)|Ghoomar]]
|91%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Jaya Piyush
|40
|Mumbai
|Hothon Mein Aisi Baat
|92%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Anmol Jaswal
|19
|Jammu
|Sapnon Se Bhare Naina
|76%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Mehrnangori Rustam
|23
|Tajikistan
|Khatooba
|74%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Kumar Sahil
|25
|Kangra, Himachal Pradesh
|Ramta Jogi
|78%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
| rowspan="7" |Feb 4
|Chetan Brijwasi
|11
|Mathura
|Haanikaarak Bapu
|93%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Ajay Brijwasi
|14
|Mathura
|Dil Haara
|94%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Hosiyaar Brijwasi
|16
|Mathura
|O saiyaan
|94%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|[[Hemant Brijwasi]]
|20
|Mathura
|Tashan Mein
|94%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Akhil R Pillai
|27
|Alleppey, Kerala
|Bulleya
|69%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Supriya Joshi
|34
|Mumbai
|Gulaabo
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Archit Patidia
|21
|Ahmedabad, Gujarat
|Maduban Me Radhika Nache
|94%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|}

=== Duels Ki Takkar ===
The top 31 scorers from the auditions moved on to the second round named 'Duels Ki Takkar' which began on 10 February 2018. The contestants who qualify from this round move on to the quarterfinals.

====Episode 7: 10 February 2018====
*Guests: [[Manish Paul]] and Iulia Vântur
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''1'''
|Dr. Sudeep Ranjan
|Saawariya
|63%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Ashwin Prabhu
|[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil (song)|Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]
|50%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''2'''
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|Kehna Hi Kya
|93%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Soham & Chaitanya
|Khaike Paan Banaraswala
|89%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''3'''
|Debanjali Chaterjee
|Jiya Re
|68%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Mamta Raut
|Saiyyan
|85%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''4'''
|Rohanpreet Singh
|Aaj Din Chadheya
|92%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Raenit Singh
|[[Janam Janam]]
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|}

==== Episode 8: 11 February 2018 ====
*Guest: [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''1'''
|Afreen Group
|Chand Sifarish + Aaj Phir
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Ajay Brijwasi
|Lagan Lagi
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''2'''
|Hosiyaar Brijwasi
|Darmiyaan
|70%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Raman Kapoor
|Main Jahan Rahoon
|48%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''3'''
|Supriya Joshi
|Maahi Ve
|60%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Hemant Brijwasi
|Upar Khuda
|94%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''4'''
|Zaid Ali
|Saiyyan
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Chetan Brijwasi
|Jee Karda
|87%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|}

==== Episode 9: 17 February 2018 ====
*Guest: [[Gurdas Mann]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''1'''
|Akhtar Brothers
|[[Chaiyya Chaiyya]]
|92%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Nigam Brothers
|Khalbali + Pathaka Guddi + Nadan
|83%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''2'''
|Arya Nandini
|[[Barso Re]]
|56%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Alankar Mahtolia
|[[Abhi Mujh Mein Kahin]]
|66%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Ridham Kalyan
|Ainvayi Ainvayi
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''3'''
|Sagar Mhatre
|Laaga Chunari Mein Daag
|75%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Archit Patidia
|Bhor Bhaye
|52%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|}

==== Episode 10: 18 February 2018 ====
*Guest: [[Sonakshi Sinha]] & [[Raftaar (rapper)|Raftaar]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|rowspan="2"% |'''1'''
|Harmony Chorus
|Eena Meena Deeka + Dil Dhadakne Do
|88.95%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Manganiyar Fusion
|Sawar Loon + Tere Mast Mast...
|88.49%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''2'''
|Sriprasanna Pendyalaya
|Ni Main Samajhh Gayi
|72%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Shashank Sekhar
|Muskurane
|89%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''3'''
|Jaya Piyush
|Rangeela re
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|Friendship Band
|Yamma Yamma + Shaan Se
|49%..
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''4'''
|Sindhu Wadekar
|O Mungada Mungada
|77%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Aman Biswal
|Bol Do Na Zara
|87%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|}

===India's Favourite 16 + Duets Challenge===
The Top 16 contestants compete in this round. Eight teams of two perform in duets. The first team perform with the wall up and set the target percentage. The next teams perform with the wall down and attempt to beat the target score. The duo with the least score move to the Red Sofa (unsafe zone). The team with the lowest score gets eliminated.

'''Episode 11: 24 February 2018'''
*Guest: [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|rowspan=2|'''1'''
|Afreen Group
|rowspan=2|Billo Rani + Humka Peeni Hain
|rowspan=2|89%
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|Advanced
|-
|Mamta Raut
|-
|rowspan=2|'''2'''
|Rohanpreet Singh
|rowspan=2|Samjhawan
|rowspan=2|90%
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|Advanced
|-
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|-
|rowspan=2|'''3'''
|Jaya Piyush
|rowspan=2|[[Manwa Laage]]
|rowspan=2|88%
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|Advanced
|-
|Shashank Sekhar
|-
|rowspan=2|'''4'''
|Dr. Sudeep Ranjan
|rowspan=2|[[Jai Ho (song)|Jai Ho]] + Roobaroo
|rowspan=2|86%
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|Advanced
|-
|The Harmony Chorus
|-
|rowspan=2|'''5'''
|Zaid Ali
|rowspan=2|Arziyan
|rowspan=2|92%
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|Advanced
|-
|Hosiyaar Brijwasi
|-
|rowspan=2|'''6'''
|Akhtar Brothers
|rowspan=2|[[Mast Kalandar]]
|rowspan=2|94%
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|Advanced
|-
|Hemant Brijwasi
|-
|rowspan=2|'''7'''
|Alankar Mahtolia
|rowspan=2|Dhan The Nan
|rowspan=2|54%
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|Ridham Kalyan
|-
|rowspan=2|'''8'''
|Sagar Mhatre
|rowspan=2|Tere Naina
|rowspan=2|88%
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|rowspan=2|Advanced
|-
|Aman Biswal
|}

===Tribute to [[Sridevi]]===
The Top 14 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives fewest votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated.

==== Episode 12: 3 March 2018 ====
* Guest: [[Alka Yagnik]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|The Harmony Chorus
|English Vinglish + Na Jaane + Navrai Majhi
|87%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''2'''
|Mamta Raut
|Morni Baaga Ma Bole
|84%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''3'''
|Rohanpreet Singh
|Aye Zindagi Gale Laga Le
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''4'''
|Jaya Piyush
|Mere Haathon Mein
|65%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''5'''
|Hosiyaar Brijwasi
|Lagi Aaj Sawan Ki
|53%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|'''6'''
|Aman Biswal
|Surmayee Ankhyion Mein
|91%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''7'''
|Akhtar Brothers
|Mujhe Ek Pal Chain Na Aaye
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|}

==== Episode 13: 4 March 2018 ====
*Guest: [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Afreen Group
|Naino Mein + Main Teri Dushman
|85%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''2'''
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|Hawa Hawai
|93%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''3'''
|Shashank Shekhar
|Neele Neele Ambar Par
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''4'''
|Zaid Ali
|Tu Mujhe Kabool
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''5'''
|Sagar Mhatre
|Kabhi Main Kahoon Kabhi Tu
|51%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|'''6'''
|Hemant Brijwasi
|Meri Zindagi Ek Pyaas
|93%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''7'''
|Dr. Sudeep Ranjan
|Kate Nahin Kat Te
|78%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|}

===Hero No. 1 (Ep14) & Salaam-E-Ishq (Ep15)===
The Top 12 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives fewest votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated.

==== Episode 14: 10 March 2018 ====
* Guest: [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Shashank Shekhar
|Main Toh Raste Se Ha Raha Tha
|85%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''2'''
|Mamta Raut
|Prem Jaal
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''3'''
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|Sona Kitna Sona Hai
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''4'''
|Afreen Group
|UP Wala Thumka + Suno Sasur Ji
|87%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''5'''
|Hemant Brijwasi
|Kaha Raja Bhoj Kaha Gangu Teli
|93%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''6'''
|Aman Biswal
|Kisi Disco Mein Jaaye
|83%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|}

==== Episode 15: 11 March 2018 ====
* Guest: [[Tiger Shroff]] and [[Disha Patani]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Rohanpreet Singh
|[[Channa Mereya]]
|92%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''2'''
|Jaya Piyush
|O Mere Sona Re Sona Re
|84%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''3'''
|Akhtar Brothers
|Mera Yaar
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]

|Advanced
|-
|'''4'''
|Zaid Ali
|Main Nikla Gaddi Leke
|94%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''5'''
|The Harmony Chorus
|Mere Mehboob + Maahi Ve + Mehndi
|83%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''6'''
|Dr. Sudeep Ranjan
|I Love You
|54%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|}

===Guru Sishya (Ep16) & Bachpan Ke Suhane Din (Ep17)===
Wild Card Twist: Some of the eliminated contestants were brought back for another chance. Raenit Singh, Aman Biswal & Chetan Brijvasi.

The Top 12 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives fewest votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated.

==== Episode 16: 17 March 2018 ====
* Guest: [[Rani Mukerji]]
'''WILD CARD'''
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Chetan Brijwasi
|Baawre
|83%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="gold" |Won Re-entry
|-
|'''2'''
|Raenit Singh
|Kurbaan Hua
|84%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="gold" |Won Re-entry
|-
|'''3'''
|Aman Biswal
|Bijuria
|79%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="red" |Couldn't make a come-back
|-
|}

'''Top 12'''
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Mamta Raut
|Aga Bai
|86.96%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''2'''
|The Harmony Chorus
|O Humdum Sonio Re + Dhakka Laga Mukka
|86.86%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''3'''
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|Chupske Se
|91%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''4'''
|Jaya Piyush
|Hum Tum
|75%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444' |Eliminated
|-
|'''5'''
|Akhtar Brothers
|Jiya Lage Na
|91%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|}

==== Episode 17: 18 March 2018 ====
* Guest: [[Shaan Rahman|Shaan]] & [[Manish Paul]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Zaid Ali
|Piya Haji Ali
|93%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''2'''
|Rohanpreet Singh
|Layi Vi Na Gayi
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''3'''
|Shashank Shekhar
|Hamari Adhuri Kahani
|65%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|'''4'''
|Chetan Brijwasi
|[[Dus Bahane]]
|83%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''5'''
|Raenit Singh
|Jab Se Tere Naina
|74%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''6'''
|Afreen Group
|Tharki Chokro
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''7'''
|Hemant Brijwasi
|Slow Motion Angreza
|94%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|}

===Rekha Special===
The Top 10 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives fewest votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated.

==== Episode 18: 24 March 2018 ====
* Guest: [[Rekha]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|Dil Cheez Kya Hai
|91%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''2'''
|Rohanpreet Singh
|Rafta Rafta
|88.95%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''3'''
|Zaid Ali
|Agar Tum Na Hote
|88.78%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''4'''
|Mamta Raut
|Ho Pardesia
|75%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|'''5'''
|The Harmony Chorus
|Kaisi Paheli Zindagani
|83%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|}

==== Episode 19: 25 March 2018 ====
* Guest: Season One Contestants
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Season 1 Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Akhtar Brothers
|Diljot Qawwali Group (''8th Place'')
|Aaya Tere Dar Par Deewana
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''2'''
|Chetan Brijwasi
|Bannet Dosanjh (''Winner'')
|[[Dard-e-Disco]] & Swag Se Swagat
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''3'''
|Hemant Brijwasi
|Maithili Thakur (''Runner-up'')
|Mere Dholna
|93%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''4'''
|Raenit Singh
|Ameya Date (''6th Place'')
|[[Zaalima]]
|83%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|'''5'''
|Afreen Group
|Afsana Khan (''7th Place'')
|Ghagra & Kajra Mohabbat Wala
|86%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|}

===Top 8===
The Top 8 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives fewest votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated.

==== Episode 20: 31 March 2018 ====
* Guest: [[Udit Narayan]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Rohanpreet Singh
|[[Pehla Nasha]]
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''2'''
|The Harmony Chorus
|Gun Gun Guna + Ghanan Ghanan
|75%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|'''3'''
|Chetan Brijwasi
|Tatad Tatad
|83%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''4'''
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|Kuhu Kuhu Bole Koyalia
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''5'''
|Akhtar Brothers
|Kawa Kawa
|87%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''6'''
|Zaid Ali
|Laal Ishq
|89%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''7'''
|Hemant Brijwasi
|Satrangi Re
|92%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''8'''
|Afreen Group
|Tu Cheej Badi Hai + Koi Jaane Koi Na Jaane
|80%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|}

==== Episode 21: 1 April 2018 ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|Bhare Naina
|90%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''2'''
|Chetan Brijwasi
|Malhari
|58%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''3'''
|Rohanpreet Singh
|Bol Na Halke Halke
|92%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''4'''
|Zaid Ali
|Maula Mere Lele Meri Jaan
|91%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''5'''
|Hemant Brijwasi
|Rut Aa Gayi Re
|89%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''6'''
|Akhtar Brothers
|Deva Shree Ganesha
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced
|-
|'''7'''
|Afreen Group
|Afreen Afreen
|53%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|}

=== Ticket To Finale ===
The contestants compete to earn a direct entry to the finale week. In each episode, the contestant sitting on Golden Sofa (the contestant with the highest score) will move on to compete for the ''Ticket To Finale''.

==== Episode 22: 7 April 2018 ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Akhtar Brothers
|Shah Ka Rutba
|80%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Beaten by Vishnumaya
|-
|'''2'''
|Chetan Brijwasi
|Suno Na Sangemarmar
|71%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Couldn't beat the score of 80%
|-
|'''3'''
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|Mohe Rang Do Laal
|86.04%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Beaten by Zaid Ali
|-
|'''4'''
|Zaid Ali
|O Re Piya
|86.50%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Beaten by Hemant
|-
|'''5'''
|Rohanpreet Singh
|Aaoge Jab Tum
|84%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Couldn't beat the score of 86%
|-
|'''6'''
|Hemant Brijwasi
|Bheegi Bheegi
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor=gold|Advanced to compete for the '''Ticket To Finale'''
|-
|}

==== Episode 23: 8 April 2018 ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Chetan Brijwasi
|Manma emotion+Aashiq surrender
|75%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Beaten by Zaid Ali
|-
|'''2'''
|Zaid Ali
|Surili Ankhyion Wale
|88.2%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Beaten by Vishnumaya Ramesh
|-
|'''3'''
|Rohanpreet Singh
|[[Jeena Jeena]]
|84%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Couldn't beat the score of 88%
|-
|'''4'''
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|Satyam Shivam Sundaram
|88.51%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor=gold|Advanced to compete for the '''Ticket To Finale'''
|-
|'''5'''
|Akhtar Brothers
|Jugni
|84%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Couldn't beat the score of 88%
|}

==== Face-off for the Ticket to Finale ====

The two top scorers of Saturday and Sunday episode participate in a face-off round.
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|Sun Raha Hai Na Tu
|74%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Couldn't win the ticket to finale
|-
|'''2'''
|Hemant Brijwasi
|Piya Re
|89%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor=gold|'''Won Ticket To Finale'''
|-
|}

=== Finale Week ===
==== Episode 24: 14 April 2018 ====
*Guest: [[Alia Bhatt]]
The Top 5 contestants except for Ticket to Finale winner Hemant Brijwasi were divided into two batches. Batch A- Zaid Ali, Chetan Brijwasi & Vishnumaya Ramesh and Batch B- Akhtar Brothers & Rohanpreet Singh. The contestant with the lowest score in each batch will be eliminated, making the Top 4.
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Batch
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''A'''
|'''1'''
|Zaid Ali
|Teri Deewani
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced to Top 4
|-
|'''2'''
|Chetan Brijwasi
|Afghan Jalebi
|63%
|[[File:Crystal Clear action button cancel.svg|frameless|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|-
|'''3'''
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|[[Bairi Piya]]
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced to Top 4
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''B'''
|'''4'''
|Rohanpreet Singh
|[[Tum Hi Ho]]
|89%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced to Top 4
|-
|'''5'''
|Akhtar Brothers
|Barson Yaaron
|79%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Eliminated
|}

===Grand Finale===
====Episode 25: 15 April 2018====
The Top 4 finalists compete in the first round. The Top 3 contestants proceed to the Face-off round.
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |Order
! rowspan="2" |Contestant
! rowspan="2" |Song
! rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="3" |Experts' Choices
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Shankar Mahadevan
!Monali Thakur
!Diljit Dosanjh
|-
|'''1'''
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|Hai Rama
|85%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced to Top 3
|-
|'''2'''
|Zaid Ali
|[[Jag Ghoomeya]]
|80%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|bgcolor="#ff4444" |Third Runner-Up
|-
|'''3'''
|Rohanpreet Singh
|Haule Haule
|83%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced to Top 3
|-
|'''4'''
|Hemant Brijwasi
|Saanware
|88%
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|[[File:Crystal Clear app clean.svg|20x20px]]
|Advanced to Top 3
|}

'''Final Face-off:'''

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="1" |Order
! rowspan="1" |Contestant
! rowspan="1" |Song
! rowspan="1" |Votes
! rowspan="1" |Result
|-
|'''1'''
|Rohanpreet Singh
|Khuda Jaane
|78.39%
|bgcolor="orange" |1st Runner-up
|-
|'''2'''
|Vishnumaya Ramesh
|Silsila Yeh Chaahat Ka
|78.10%
|bgcolor="pink" |2nd Runner-up
|-
|'''3'''
|Hemant Brijwasi
|Alvida
|86%
|bgcolor="lime" |Winner<ref>{{cite web| url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/television/hemant-brijwasi-wins-rising-star-2-twitterati-in-awe-of-his-voice-1837995| title=Rising Star 2 Winner: हेमंत बृजवासी बने विनर, 9 साल पहले जीता था 'सारेगामापा..'| website=NDTV India}}</ref>
|}

;Color key
:{{Color box|lime|border=silver}} Winner
:{{Color box|orange|border=silver}} 1st Runner-up
:{{Color box|pink|border=silver}} 2nd Runner-up

==References==
<references />

{{Rising Star India}}

[[Category:2018 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Rising Star (Indian TV series)]]

Sangeet-Siddharth

2025-11-09T21:08:24Z

KINGRON: creating basic pg nd citations

{{BLP sources|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Sangeet-Siddharth
| image =
| genre = Indian film music, [[Bollywood]] Music
| occupation = [[Music Director]], [[Composer]]
| years_active = 2008–present
| label =
| associated_acts = [[Siddharth Haldipur]], Sangeet Haldipur, [[Aasma]], [[A Band of Boys]], [[Anusha Mani]]
}}

'''Sangeet-Siddharth''' is a music composer duo of brothers [[Siddharth Haldipur]] and [[Sangeet Haldipur]]. The duo rose to prominence with their top-of-the-line composition ‘Aa Zara Kareeb Se’ from the movie [[Murder 2]], for which they won the Big Star Young Entertainer Award for Best Music Composer in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Bharatstudent |url=http://www.bharatstudent.com/cafebharat/event_photos_3--Events-Big_Star_Young_Entertainer_Awards_2012-photo-galleries-1..,8,14452,8.php |title=Sangeet Haldipur, Siddharth Haldipur Big Star Young Entertainer Awards 2012 |website=www.bharatstudent.com |accessdate=2013-03-24}}</ref> This marked their entry into the mainstream Bollywood music scene.

==Early life==
Siddharth and Sangeet Haldipur are the sons of the famous composer [[Amar Haldipur]],<ref>{{cite news|author=Published by Thaindian |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/its-was-bollywood-calling-for-haldipur-brothers_100548714.html |title=It's was Bollywood calling for Haldipur brothers |website=www.thaindian.com |date=2011-07-10 |accessdate=2013-03-24}}</ref> who was India's number one violinist and is still regarded as Bollywood's best background music composer.

==Career==
Siddharth made his foray into music with [[A Band of Boys]] and is also a trained violinist, pianist, and dancer. He left the band around 2006. Sangeet was a member of the Indian [[pop music|pop group]] [[Aasma]], composed of the winners of the second season of Coke [V] Popstars. Although there has been no official report about the group's split, all four members have continued their musical careers as individual artists.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/indi-pop-hits-neeti-mohan-to-jimmy-felix-if-aasma-is-on-your-mind-look-no-more-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-band-23316367|title=Indi-pop Hits: Is 'Aasma' is on your mind? Look no more, here's all you need to know about the band|last=Upadhay|first=Tuhina|date=25 October 2023|access-date=1 December 2024|newspaper=[[Mid-day]]}}</ref>{{efn| Two other members are mentioned—Peyush Dixit and Aamir Ali—in an article on ''[[Mid-day]]'', but there is no further information on them.}}

The brothers have composed music for prominent Hindi as well as Marathi movies. In their few years of music direction, the duo has composed hit songs for [[Murder 2]], [[Blood Money (2012 film)|Blood Money]], Aatma, Fruit & Nut, Bird Idol and [[Hum Hai Raahi Car Ke]]. They have also composed music for the promo and trailer of [[Rishi Vohra]]'s novel, [[Once Upon the Tracks of Mumbai]].

==Discography==

'''Bollywood Movies'''
* ''[[Fruit and Nut (film)|Fruit and Nut]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Bird Idol]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Murder 2]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Blood Money (2012 film)|Blood Money]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Once Upon the Tracks of Mumbai]]'' (2012 novel)
* ''[[Nasha (film)|Nasha]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Aatma - Feel It Around You|Aatma]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Hum Hai Raahi Car Ke]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Mad About Dance]]'' (2014)
* ''Untitled'' (2015)
* ''[[Love Games (film)|Love Games]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Raaz Reboot]]'' (2016)

'''Marathi Movies'''
* ''Runh'' (2015)

'''TV serials'''
* Ek Boond Ishq - Title track - Life OK (2013)

==Discography - Songs (partial list)==

* Aa Zaraa Kareeb Se - [[Murder 2]]
* Tera Nasha - [[Nasha (film)|Nasha]]
*Arzoo - [[Blood Money (2012 film)|Blood Money]]
* Aaja Nindiya - [[Aatma - Feel It Around You]]
* Tonight The Party's Going Mad - [[Mad About Dance]]
* Ek Boond Ishq - TV series title track
*Tujhko Bhulana - [[Murder 2]]
*Jee Le Zyaada - [[Aatma - Feel It Around You]]
*Andhera Hai - [[Fruit and Nut (film)|Fruit and Nut]]
*Laila - [[Nasha (film)|Nasha]]
*Woh - [[Hum Hai Raahi Car Ke]]
*Ding Dong Ding - [[Hum Hai Raahi Car Ke]]
*Dil Jaana - [[Bird Idol]]
*Oomph Soniye - [[Bird Idol]]
*Khabardar (Boman Irani) - [[Fruit and Nut (film)|Fruit and Nut]]
*O Meri Jaan - [[Raaz Reboot]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm1854760}}
* [http://www.reverbnation.com/sangeetsiddharthhaldipur Sangeet-Siddharth at Reverbnation]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian musical groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 2002]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in India]]

Raasi (actress)

2025-11-08T02:54:44Z

KINGRON: Revised and enhanced article content

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{short description|South Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Raasi
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Vijaya
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1980|06|29}}<ref name="ntv" />
| birth_place = [[West Godavari district|West Godavari]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername = Manthra (Tamil and Malayalam)
| occupation = Actress
| yearsactive = 1988–2006 2013–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Sri Muni|2004}}
| children = 1
}}

'''Raasi''' (born '''Vijaya''') is an Indian actress known for her work in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] cinema, with appearances in a few [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] and [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] films. She is credited as '''Manthra''' in Tamil and Malayalam films.<ref name="si-28jul2000">{{cite news |last=Prakash |first=BVS |date=28 July 2000 |title=Raasi: An award for Preyasi Raave? |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/20000728/reobi.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428060819/http://www.screenindia.com/old/20000728/reobi.htm |archive-date=28 April 2010 |access-date=13 February 2010 |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen Magazine]] |publisher=[[Indian Express Group]]}}</ref> Raasi gained recognition for her performances in notable films such as ''[[Subhakankshalu]]'' (1997), ''[[Gokulamlo Seeta]]'' (1997), and ''[[Pelli Pandiri]]'' (1998). She transitioned to television with Telugu soap operas, debuting in ''[[Girija Kalyanam]]'' (2020) and later appearing in ''[[Janaki Kalaganaledu]]'' (2021).

==Personal life==
Raasi was born as Vijaya on 1980 in [[West Godavari district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.<ref name="ntv">{{cite web |title=ఓహో… అభినయ'రాశి' |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/senior-actress-raasi-birthday-special/ |website=[[NTV (India)|NTV]] |date=28 June 2021 |access-date=12 July 2021 |language=te |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210712082334/https://ntvtelugu.com/senior-actress-raasi-birthday-special/ |archive-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> She married film director Sri Muni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=kavirayani |first=suresh |date=23 April 2017 |title=Lanka movie review: Raasi's return not a good one! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/230417/lanka-movie-review-raasis-return-not-a-good-one.html |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |archive-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301073943/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/230417/lanka-movie-review-raasis-return-not-a-good-one.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Film career ==
At the age of 9, she started acting as a child actress in the 1989 [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film, ''Mamatala Kovella'' (1989).<ref name="ntv" />

She also worked in the [[Hindi]] movies ''Rangbaaz'' (1996), ''[[Jodidar]]'' (1997) and ''Suraj'' (1997) with [[Mithun Chakraborty]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Raasi plays vamp, rockets to the top |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/10south.htm |publisher=Rediff |access-date=11 February 2013 |archive-date=14 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214004417/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/10south.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1988 || ''[[Rao Gari Illu]]'' || Chitti || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Kakkothikkavile Appooppan Thaadikal]]'' || Young Lakshmi || [[Malayalam]] ||
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Aditya 369]]''||Kishore's friend
| rowspan="3" |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Ankuram]]'' || Sindhura's sister ||
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Palnati Pourusham]]'' || Raja Rao's daughter || credited as Vijaya
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996
| ''[[Priyam (1996 film)|Priyam]]'' || Preetha || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||Debut in a lead role
|-
| ''[[Angaara]]''|| Chutki || [[Hindi]]|| credited as Vijaya
|-
| rowspan="9" |1997
| ''[[Subhakankshalu]]'' || Nandini || Telugu || Debut in Telugu as a lead
|-
| ''[[Love Today (1997 film)|Love Today]]'' || Preethi || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Gokulamlo Seeta|Gokulamlo Seetha]]'' || Sirisha || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Periya Idathu Mappillai]]'' || Priya || rowspan="4" | Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Ganga Gowri (1997 film)|Ganga Gowri]]'' || Ganga ||
|-
| ''[[Thedinen Vanthathu]]'' || Janaki ||
|-
| ''[[Rettai Jadai Vayasu]]'' ||Anjali ||
|-
| ''[[Pelli Pandiri]]'' || Kasthuri || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Jodidar]]'' || Landlord's daughter || Hindi || credited as Manthra
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1998 || ''[[Kondattam]]'' || Vidhya || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Pandaga]]'' || Prameela || rowspan="2" | Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Suprabhatam (1998 film)|Suprabhatam]]'' || Vasundhara ||
|-
| ''[[Kalyana Galatta]]'' || Pooja || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Snehithulu]]''|| Mahalakshmi
| rowspan="8" |Telugu||
|-
| ''[[Manasichi Choodu (film)|Manasichi Choodu]]'' || Yamuna ||
|-
| ''[[Daddy Daddy]]'' || Subadhra ||
|-
| rowspan="9" |1999
| [[Swapna Lokam|''Swapnalokam'']] || Swapna ||
|-
| ''[[Harischandraa]]'' || Nandini ||
|-
| ''[[Seenu (1999 film)|Seenu]]'' || Herself ||
|-
| ''[[Krishna Babu (1999 film)|Krishna Babu]]'' || Shilpa ||
|-
| ''[[Samudram (1999 film)|Samudram]]'' || Herself || Item number
|-
| ''[[Pudhu Kudithanam]]'' || Nila || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Preyasi Rave]]'' || Mahalakshmi || Telugu || Nominated-[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]]
|-
| ''[[Pallavur Devanarayanan]]'' || Seethalakshmi || Malayalam || credited as Mantra
|-
| ''[[Sneha (film)|Sneha]]'' || Mahalakshmi || [[Kannada]] || Debut film
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2000 || ''[[Postman (2000 film)|Postman]]'' || Sirisha || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Kannan Varuvaan (2000 film)|Kannan Varuvaan]]'' || Rajeshwari || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Oke Maata]]'' || || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Kuberan (2000 film)|Kuberan]]'' || Chandra || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Simmasanam]]'' || Manju ||
|-
| ''[[Moodu Mukkalata]]'' || Aliveni || rowspan="5" | Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Ammo! Okato Tareekhu]]'' || Gayatri ||
|-
| ''[[Devullu]]'' || Nirmala ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2001 || ''[[Maa Aavida Meeda Ottu Mee Aavida Chala Manchidi]]'' || Subhadra ||
|-
| ''[[Deevinchandi]]'' || Lakshmi ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2002
| ''[[Raja (2002 film)|Raja]]'' || Herself || Tamil || Item number
|-
| ''[[Jamindaru]]'' || || Kannada ||
|-
| ''[[Sandade Sandadi]]'' || Vasundhara || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Ninne Preethisuve]]'' || Meghamala || Kannada ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2003 || ''[[Nijam]]'' || Malli || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Aalukkoru Aasai]]'' || Manthra || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Raja Narasimha]]'' || Mahalakshmi || Kannada ||
|-
| ''[[Sriramachandrulu]]'' || Sailaja || rowspan="3" | Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2004 || ''[[Venky]]'' || Herself || Special appearance
|-
| ''[[Oka Pellam Muddu Rendo Pellam Vaddu]]'' || Satya ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Suyetchai MLA]]'' || || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Onbadhule Guru]]'' || Neelambari ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Vaalu]]'' || Mrs. Stephen || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016 || ''[[Kalyana Vaibhogame]]'' || Parimala Devi || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Kavalai Vendam]]'' || Divya's mother || Tamil|||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017 || ''[[Aakatayi]]''|| Vikranth's mother
| rowspan="2" |Telugu||
|-
| ''[[Lanka (2017 film)|Lanka]]'' || Rebecca ||
|-
|2025
|''[[Usurae]]''
| Anasuya
|Tamil
|
|}

;As dubbing artiste
*''[[Keka (film)|Keka]]'' (2008) for Ishani{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

===Television===
* ''[[Girija Kalyanam]]'' (2020-2021) on [[Gemini TV]]
* ''[[Janaki Kalaganaledu]]'' (2021–2023) on [[Star Maa]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=0704682}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raasi}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Child actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Child actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Child actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Actors from West Godavari district]]
[[Category:1980 births]]

{{India-film-actor-1980s-stub}}

Strobilanthes cusia

2025-10-03T17:40:29Z

KINGRON: creating basic stub added tags

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Chinese rain bell (60512).jpg
| image_caption =
| genus = Strobilanthes
| species = cusia
| authority = [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]
| synonyms =
| synonyms_ref =
}}

'''''Strobilanthes cusia''''', also known as '''Assam indigo''' or '''Chinese rain bell''', is a [[perennial]] flowering plant of the family [[Acanthaceae]].<ref name="indiaflowers">{{Cite web|url=http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Assam%20Indigo.html#:~:text=Assam%20Indigo%20is%20a%20beautiful,fact%2C%20flaccidifolius%20means%20drooping%20leaves|title=Strobilanthes cusia - Assam Indigo}}</ref> Native to [[South Asia]], [[China]], and [[Indochina]], it was historically cultivated on a large scale in [[India]] and China as a source of [[indigo dye]], which is also known as Assam indigo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Strobilanthes+cusia|title=Strobilanthes cusia - Useful Tropical Plants|website=tropical.theferns.info}}</ref> In addition to being used for dye, it is also used in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine "Qingdai".<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Libin |last2=Yang |first2=Huizhao |last3=Wang |first3=Yanan |last4=Zhuang |first4=Huifu |last5=Chen |first5=Wenyun |last6=Lin |first6=Zihong |last7=Xu |first7=Jianchu |last8=Wang |first8=Yuhua |date=2021-10-01 |title=Blue footprint: Distribution and use of indigo-yielding plant species Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze |journal=Global Ecology and Conservation |language=en |volume=30 |article-number=e01795 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01795 |s2cid=239629798 |issn=2351-9894|doi-access=free |bibcode=2021GEcoC..3001795Z }}</ref> Other names for this [[dicot]] include '''Pink strobilanthes''' and ''Strobilanthes flaccidifolius'', where ''flaccidifolius'' is Latin for "drooping leaves".<ref name="indiaflowers" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q11105188}}

[[Category:Strobilanthes|cusia]]

{{Acanthaceae-stub}}

Kayees Rahmathulla Hotel

2025-09-29T00:52:34Z

KINGRON: stub

{{Short description|Indian restaurant}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox restaurant
| name = Kayees Rahmathulla Hotel
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_alt =
| image =
| image_width =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| map_width =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| slogan =
| established = {{Start date and age|1948|5|22}}
| closed =
| current_owner =
| head_chef =
| food_type = [[Kerala cuisine]]
| dress_code =
| rating =
| street_address = Gujarati Road, Near Gujarati Temple, [[Mattancherry]], [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], 682002
| city = [[Kochi]]
| country = India
| coordinates =
| seating_capacity =
| reservations =
| other_locations = [[Durbar Hall Ground|Durbar Hall Road]], Ernakulam South, [[Ernakulam]], Kerala, 682016
| other_information =
| website =
}}

'''Kayees Rahmathulla Hotel''' is an Indian restaurant in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-26 |title=കായിക്കാ ബിരിയാണീടെ രുചിയെന്തെന്നറിയേണ്ടേ.... |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/travel/features/kayikka-biriyani-kochi-raj-kalesh-mathrubhumi-yathra-1.4645308 |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref> The restaurant is known for its [[Biryani|Mutton Biryani]] which is known as ''Kayikka's Biryani''. It was founded by V. K. Kayee in 1948 and enjoys cult status.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Anasuya |date=2022-12-16 |title=What to eat while at Fort Kochi |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/what-to-eat-while-at-fort-kochi/article66272263.ece |access-date=2023-11-22 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==History==
V. K Kayee, popularly known as Kaikka (Brother Kaee), worked as a cook and waiter in the British Army in the 1940s. Later he started working as a waiter at Bombay Hotel in [[Kochi]]. In 1948, he started a tea shop in [[Mattancherry]] which was named ''Hotel Rahmatullah''. In 1951, he converted it into a proper restaurant under the name Kayees Rahmatullah Hotel. The restaurant special dish was the [[Biryani|Mutton biryani]] which became famous among the residents across Kochi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-16 |title=Where to eat in Kochi |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/where-to-eat-in-kochi/ |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=Condé Nast Traveller India |language=en-IN}}</ref> By word of mouth, fame began to spread to places outside the region. After Kayee's death in 1999, the restaurant was taken over by his son and grandson. Currently the restaurant operates in two locations, the original hotel in Mattancherry and a new hotel located near [[Durbar Hall Ground]] in [[Ernakulam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kayikka's biriyani is a thriving three-generation taste |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/kerala/2018/08/09/kayikka-biriyani-kayees-cafe-history.html |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bharath Coffee House]]
* [[Paragon Restaurant]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Restaurants in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kochi]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kochi]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1948]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1948]]

Nizar Shafi

2025-06-14T14:47:10Z

KINGRON: added new page...

{{short description|Indian cinematographer, film director}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nizar Shafi
| image = NizarSafi.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Nizar Shafi at work
| birth_name = Nizarali Shafiulla
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = {{Hlist | Cinematographer | film director}}
| yearsactive = 2013–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Nebu N. Babu|2016}}
| children = 1
}}
'''Nizar Shafi''' is an Indian cinematographer who works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] films. He was critically acclaimed for his work in ''[[Sutta Kadhai]]'', ''[[Naaigal Jaakirathai]]'', ''[[Bhale Bhale Magadivoy]]'' and ''[[Nenu Local]]''. He debuted as a director with [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] bilingual film [[Seven (2019 Indian film)|Seven]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://telanganatoday.com/nizar-shafi-on-a-different-track |title=Nizar Shafi on a different track |website=Telanga Today |date=4 June 2019 |last1=Pecheti |first1=Prakash |url-status=dead |archive-date=2019-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605053136/https://telanganatoday.com/nizar-shafi-on-a-different-track}}</ref>

==Career==
Nizar completed his diploma in cinematography from [[M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute]], [[Chennai]]. He assisted [[Sakthi Saravanan]] in ''[[Saroja (2008 film)|Saroja]]'' and ''[[Mankatha]]'', he also worked as an associate cinematographer in ''[[Enthiran]]''. His first independent movie as a cinematographer was ''[[Sutta Kadhai]]'' (2013). His movie ''[[Naaigal Jaakirathai]]'' (2014) received positive reviews from critics,{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} and was one of the most profitable ventures of 2014.<ref name="news18.2014.12.30">{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/shakti-soundar-rajan-naaigal-jaakirathai-sequel-to-come-out-in-2016-733526.html |title=Shakti Soundar Rajan: 'Naaigal Jaakirathai' sequel to come out in 2016 |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |website=[[News 18]] |date=December 30, 2014}}</ref> His movie ''[[Bhale Bhale Magadivoy]]'' (2015) became the fourth-highest grossing Telugu film of all time at the United States box office, where it was released in 115 screens.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Sutta Kadhai]]''
| rowspan="3" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
| ''[[Nalanum Nandhiniyum]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Naaigal Jaakirathai]]''
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Bhale Bhale Magadivoy]]''
| rowspan="4" | [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]]
| Debut in [[Telugu cinema]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
| ''[[Nenu Local]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Mahanubhavudu]]''
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Shailaja Reddy Alludu]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Seven (2019 Indian film)|Seven]]''
| Telugu
| rowspan="2" | Also director
|-
| Tamil
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
| ''[[Chatrapathi (2023 film)|Chatrapathi]]''
| [[Hindi]]
| Debut in [[Hindi cinema]]<ref name="bollywoodhungama.chatrapathi.release.2023.03.28">{{Cite web |date=28 March 2023 |title=Chatrapathi: Hindi remake of SS Rajamouli and Prabhas' project starring Bellamkonda Srinivas to release on May 12, 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/chatrapathi-hindi-remake-ss-rajamouli-prabhas-project-starring-bellamkonda-srinivas-release-may-12-2023/ |access-date=30 March 2023 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en |quote=Nizar Ali Shafi who worked for several Telugu and Tamil movies such as Bhale Bhale Magadivoy, Mahanubhavudu etc. will be cranking the camera, [...]}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mr. Pregnant]]''
| rowspan="2" | Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/mr-pregnant-syed-sohels-katha-veruntadhi-song-gets-good-response/articleshow/89014453.cms |title=Mr Pregnant: Syed Sohel's 'Katha Veruntadhi' song gets good response |date=20 January 2022 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=30 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Mazaka]]''
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|6725257}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shafi, Nizar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil cinematographers]]
[[Category:M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Artists from Chennai]]
[[Category:Telugu film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Tamil Nadu]]

Bhavnagar taluka

2025-01-24T06:08:43Z

KINGRON: creating initial entry w/ refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhavnagar Taluka
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[taluka]]
| image_skyline = [[bhavnagar taluka]]
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.77|72.15|display=title,inline}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bhavnagar District|Bhavnagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate =GJ
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank1_name_sec2 = Vidhan Sabha constituency
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|gujaratindia.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bhavnagar Taluka''' is a [[taluka]] of [[Bhavnagar District]], state of [[Gujarat]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taluka Panchayat |publisher=Bhavnagar District Panchayat, Gujarat Government |url=http://bhavnagardp.gujarat.gov.in/bhavnagar/english/panchayat/taluka-panchayat.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720230831/http://bhavnagardp.gujarat.gov.in/bhavnagar/english/panchayat/taluka-panchayat.htm | archivedate=20 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named after the largest city in the district, [[Bhavnagar]] which is also the administrative headquarters for the taluka, as well as the district.

Bhavnagar Taluka is in the northeastern part of Bhavnagar District, and borders on [[Botad District]] to the north, [[Ahmedabad District]] to the northeast, the [[Gulf of Khambhat]] to the east, [[Ghogha Taluka]] to the southeast, [[Sihor Taluka]] to the southwest, and [[Vallabhipur Taluka]] to the west.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maps of Gujarat’s new 7 districts and changes in existing districts |date=13 August 2013|newspaper=Desh Gujarat |url=http://deshgujarat.com/2013/08/13/maps-of-gujarats-new-7-districts-and-changes-in-existing-districts/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816151212/http://deshgujarat.com/2013/08/13/maps-of-gujarats-new-7-districts-and-changes-in-existing-districts/ |archivedate=16 August 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Villages==
There are fifty-six [[gram panchayat|panchayat villages]] in Bhavnagar Taluka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Village Panchayat Names of Bhavnagar, Bhavnagar, Gujarat |publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India |url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=4099&parenttype=B&ptype=V |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113014548/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=4099&parenttype=B&ptype=V |archivedate=13 November 2011 |url-status=dead |access-date=16 April 2015 }}</ref>

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}
{{Clear}}

[[Category:Talukas of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Bhavnagar district]]

Mismatch

2024-11-28T20:27:11Z

KINGRON: creating first info basic info...

{{wikt}}
'''Mismatch''' may refer to:

* [[Mismatching]], a supposed negative effect of affirmative action
* [[Mismatch (2019 film)]], a Telugu-language romantic sports film
* [[Mismatch (1979 film)]], an Australian television film
* [[Mismatch (TV series)]], a Bengali web series
* Mismatch, a song by Lil Gotit, from the album [[Hood Baby]]
* Mismatch, a song by Nav, with Babyface Ray, from the album [[Demons Protected by Angels]]

==See also==
* [[Mismatched]], an Indian Hindi-language television series
* [[Miss Match]], an American comedy-drama television series
* [[Miss Match (film)]], a 2014 film

{{dab}}

Neora Naddi railway station

2024-10-10T12:55:01Z

KINGRON: added new post

{{Short description|Railway station in West Bengal, India}}
{{Infobox station
| name = '''Neora Naddi Railway Station'''
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|25px]] [[Indian Railways]] Station
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = Malbazar - Maynaguri road ( NH - 31), Neora , P.s. - Malbazar, Dist - Jalpaiguri
State: West Bengal
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.743249|88.745714|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| elevation = {{convert|118|m|ft}}
| line = [[New Mal–Changrabandha–New Cooch Behar line]]
| other =
| structure =
| platform = 1
| tracks = 2 (broad gauge)
| parking = Available
| bicycle =
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = No
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = NOR
| zone = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]]
| division = [[Alipurduar railway division|Alipurduar]]
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_dot_label = '''Neora Naddi Railway Station'''
| map_size = 300
| map_type = India West Bengal#India
| map_caption = Location in [[West Bengal]]##Location in India
}}
'''Neora Naddi Railway Station''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=departures from Neora Naddi Railway Station |url=http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/departures/2446|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Neora Naddi |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/timeline/edits-malbazar-mlbz/10495|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Neora Naddi departure |url=http://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/nor/|website=totaltraininfo.com}}</ref> is the railway station that serves tea gardens and nearby areas of Neora Naddi, Kumali, Neora, Kumarpara, Rajadanga etc in [[Jalpaiguri district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. The station lies on [[New Mal–Changrabandha–New Cooch Behar line]] of [[Northeast Frontier Railway]], [[Alipurduar railway division]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Neora Naddi|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/timeline/edits-neora-naddi-nor/2446|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> Some local trains like Siliguri Bamanhat DEMU, Siliguri New Bongaigaon DEMU, Siliguri Dhubri DEMU etc are available from this station daily.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Jalpaiguri district]]
[[Category:Alipurduar railway division]]
{{WestBengal-railstation-stub}}