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Zaheer Khan

2023-10-10T20:33:49Z

KALOS: The reference is unverified, many cricketers height are wrong on websites like Sportskeeda and Cricbuzz

{{Short description|Indian cricketer}}
{{for multi|the Afghan cricketer|Zahir Khan (Afghan cricketer)|the Pakistani cricketer|Zaheer Khan (Pakistani cricketer)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Zaheer Khan
| caption = Zaheer in 2011
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|10|8|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Shrirampur]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| nickname = Zak, Zippy, Zakky<ref name="espncricinfo">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/cricinfomagazine/content/story/255645.html|website=Cricinfo Magazine|title=Zak plays patience |access-date=18 December 2020}}</ref>
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Left-Arm Fast
| role = [[Bowler (cricket)|Bowler]]
| international = true
| internationalspan = 1999–2014
| country = India
| testcap = 231
| testdebutagainst = Bangladesh
| testdebutdate = 10 November
| testdebutyear = 2000
| lasttestagainst = New Zealand
| lasttestdate = 14 February
| lasttestyear = 2014
| odicap = 133
| odidebutagainst = Kenya
| odidebutdate = 3 October
| odidebutyear = 2000
| lastodiagainst = Sri Lanka
| lastodidate = 4 August
| lastodiyear = 2012
| odishirt = 34
| T20Icap = 5
| T20Idebutagainst = South Africa
| T20Idebutdate = 1 December
| T20Idebutyear = 2006
| lastT20Iagainst = South Africa
| lastT20Idate = 2 October
| lastT20Iyear = 2012
| club1 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|1999–2006}}
| club2 = [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]]
| year2 = 2004
| club3 = [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]]
| year3 = 2006
| club4 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| year4 = 2006–2014
| club5 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| year5 = 2008, 2011–2013
| club6 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| year6 = 2009–2010, 2014
| club7 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]
| year7 = 2015–2017

| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 92
| runs1 = 1,230
| bat avg1 = 11.94
| 100s/50s1 = 0/3
| top score1 = 75
| deliveries1 = 18,785
| wickets1 = 311
| bowl avg1 = 32.95
| fivefor1 = 11
| tenfor1 = 1
| best bowling1 = 7/87
| catches/stumpings1 = 19/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 200
| runs2 = 792
| bat avg2 = 12.00
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 34[[not out|*]]
| deliveries2 = 10,097
| wickets2 = 282
| bowl avg2 = 29.44
| fivefor2 = 1
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 5/42
| catches/stumpings2 = 43/–
| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 169
| runs3 = 2,489
| bat avg3 = 13.60
| 100s/50s3 = 0/5
| top score3 = 75
| deliveries3 = 34,279
| wickets3 = 672
| bowl avg3 = 27.97
| fivefor3 = 35
| tenfor3 = 8
| best bowling3 = 9/138
| catches/stumpings3 = 46/–
| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches4 = 253
| runs4 = 1047
| bat avg4 = 12.17
| 100s/50s4 = 0/0
| top score4 = 43
| deliveries4 = 12,745
| wickets4 = 357
| bowl avg4 = 29.07
| fivefor4 = 1
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 5/42
| catches/stumpings4 = 57/–
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/30102.html ESPNCricinfo
| date = 25 December 2016
|image=Zaheer Khan.jpg
|height=6 ft 1 in}}
'''Zaheer Khan''' (born 8 October 1978) is an Indian former professional [[cricket]]er who played all forms of the game for the [[Indian national cricket team|Indian national team]] from 2000 till 2014. He is a fast-medium left-arm bowler. He was the second-most successful Indian [[Fast bowling|pace]] bowler in [[Test cricket]], behind [[Kapil Dev]]. Zaheer Khan started his domestic career by playing for [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]. In the early years of his career, Zaheer Khan was known for his hostile seam and pace bowling, especially fast inch-perfect yorkers. He is often considered one of the best Indian fast bowlers.
With India, he was a member of the team that was one of the joint-winners of the [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy]], and one of the key members of the [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011 World Cup]] winning team, leading the pace attack with 21 wickets in just 9 games. In 2011 he was conferred with the [[Arjuna Award]], India's second highest sporting award by the [[President of India]]. Zaheer Khan's career is also noted for recurring injuries, which often interrupted his progress at the international level. That is also the reason Zaheer khan has set up [[ProSport Fitness & Services]], a special rehab & training center in association with Adrian Le Roux and [[Andrew Leipus]]. In 2020, the [[Government of India]] honoured him with the [[Padma Shri]].

In a bid to improve his bowling, Zaheer Khan moved to England for a short stint with Worcestershire in 2006. A left-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] bowler, he was best known for his ability to "move the ball both ways off the wicket and swing the old ball at some pace".<ref name="cricinfo">{{cite web|first = Dileep | last = Premachandran| title = Zaheer Khan| url =http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/30102.html| work = [[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date = 14 February 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071115163114/http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/30102.html| archive-date= 15 November 2007}}</ref> Zaheer Khan excelled in [[reverse swing]] with the old ball.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eB8vsiWqcGg| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630072056/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eB8vsiWqcGg| archive-date=2014-06-30 | url-status=dead|title=clean bowled by reverse swing by zaheer khan|via=[[YouTube]] ([[Australian cricket team in India in 2010–11|Australia tour of India 2010/11]], 13 Oct)|access-date=9 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-australia-2010/engine/match/464527.html|title=2nd Test India v Australia at Bangalore, Oct 9–13, 2010 Cricket Scorecard|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=9 February 2014}}</ref>

He is praised for his performances on flat subcontinent pitches and the controlling of different types of cricket balls.<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/top-stories/Zaheer-Khan-a-performer-par-excellence/articleshow/49405273.cms|author=Aditya Bhattacharya |date=16 October 2015|title=Zaheer Khan, a performer par excellence | undefined News|website=The Times of India|access-date=18 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Zaheer Khan shows why he is 'the man' {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22485208/zaheer-khan-shows-why-man|access-date=23 August 2020|website=espncricinfo.com|language=en}}</ref>

Zaheer Khan was selected as one of the [[Wisden Cricketers of the Year]] in 2008. Zaheer Khan announced his retirement from international cricket in October 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/344697.html|title=Zaheer Khan|date=9 April 2008|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He also played for [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]] in County Cricket and played for [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]], Royal Challengers Bangalore, [[Delhi Daredevils]] and [[Mumbai Indians]] in Indian domestic cricket.

Only [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] (325) and [[Shaun Pollock]] (252) have dismissed more left-hand batsmen than Zaheer Khan, who has gotten the better of southpaws 237 times. He also has the distinct record of dismissing [[Graeme Smith]], [[Kumar Sangakkara]], [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] and [[Matthew Hayden]] – some of the game's most feared left-hand batsmen – over 10 times each in international cricket.

==Early and personal life ==
[[File:Sagarika Ghatge and Zaheer Khan at the CPAA show.jpg|thumbnail|Zaheer Khan with his wife [[Sagarika Ghatge]]]]
He was born on 8 October 1978 in [[Shrirampur]], [[Ahmednagar district]], [[Maharashtra]], India to parents Zakia and Bakhtiyar Khan. He was born in a [[Marathi Muslims|Marathi Muslim]] family. He has an elder brother Zeeshan and younger brother Anees. He started his coaching under Utsav Yadav. Zaheer attended the ''New Marathi Primary school'' and the ''K.J. Somaiyya Secondary School'' in Shrirampur. He also played in the local ''Revenue Colony Cricket Club (RCC)'' in Shrirampur after which he started his career in [[Pune]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/344697.html|title = Wisden Cricketer of the Year 2008 Zaheer Khan| date=9 April 2008 |access-date = 1 December 2013}}</ref>

On 24 April 2017, he announced on his Twitter account that he was engaged to actress [[Sagarika Ghatge]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ipl-2017-10/zaheer-khan-announces-engagement-with-actress-sagarika-ghatge-4626646/|title = Zaheer Khan announces engagement with actress Sagarika Ghatge| date=24 April 2017 |access-date = 24 April 2017}}</ref> The couple got married on 23 November 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sonali|first=Kriti|title=Sagarika Ghatge marries Zaheer Khan, see photos of the newlyweds and wedding card|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/zaheer-khan-sagarika-ghatge-ties-the-knot-see-first-photos-all-wedding-updates-4950683/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=23 November 2017|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref>

== Domestic career ==
Khan came to [[Mumbai]] in 1996 and joined the National Cricket Club that played in Division A in the city. He played in competitions such as the [[Kanga Cricket League]], Comrade Shield and the Purshottam Shield with the team. Sandeep Mahadkar, Khan's captain during the time, recalled the latter's ability with the ball with an instance where he [[Swing bowling|reverse swung]] a ball that had been bowled 50 overs with, bowling ten maiden overs and helping his team win a Comrade Shield game. His ability with the bat was recalled by another former teammate with who Khan put together a 102-run stand for ninth wicket making an [[Not out|unbeaten]] 62 runs taking his team home.<ref name="HT1">{{cite web |last1=Samyal |first1=Sanjjeev K. |title=Mentors recall Zaheer's Mumbai entry |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/mentors-recall-zaheer-s-mumbai-entry/story-jkTzG1mOhoFYHRD5EhxpuK.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=18 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193054/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/mentors-recall-zaheer-s-mumbai-entry/story-jkTzG1mOhoFYHRD5EhxpuK.html |archive-date=15 October 2015 |language=en |date=16 October 2015}}</ref> His "jaw-dropping spells in the Purshottam Shield" culminated with the 7/74 performance against Shivaji Park Gymkhana in January 1997.<ref name="CC1">{{cite web |last1=Bhattacharyya |first1=Wriddhaayan |title=Zaheer Khan: A born fighter who is gunning to get his India spot back |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/zaheer-khan-a-born-fighter-who-is-gunning-to-get-his-india-spot-back-30545 |website=Cricket Country |access-date=18 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423081924/https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/zaheer-khan-a-born-fighter-who-is-gunning-to-get-his-india-spot-back-30545 |archive-date=23 April 2015 |language=en-us |date=2 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Zaheer sends SPG crashing |url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19970118/01850283.html |access-date=18 October 2018 |work=The Indian Express |date=18 January 1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970422034747/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19970118/01850283.html |archive-date=22 April 1997}}</ref> he was later sent to the [[MRF Pace Foundation]] in [[Chennai]] by Sudhir Naik, owner of the National Cricket Club.<ref name="HT1"/> Impressed by his talent, the bowling coach there, [[T. A. Sekhar]], pushed Khan to play for [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]].<ref name="CC1"/>

Khan quickly made his name playing for Baroda in the [[First-class cricket|first-class]] level. In the final of the [[2000–01 Ranji Trophy|2000–01 season]] of the [[Ranji Trophy]] against [[Railways cricket team|Railways]], Khan received the [[Player of the Match awards (cricket)|man of the match award]] after he returned figures of 8/145 for the match, including a five-wicket haul in the second innings (5/16),<ref>{{cite news |last1=S. |first1=Santosh |title=Zaheer Khan bowls Baroda to Ranji Trophy glory |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/95486.html |access-date=18 October 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=23 April 2001 |language=en}}</ref> helping his team lift the trophy for the fifth time and a first in 43 years.<ref>{{cite news |title=Baroda wins Ranji trophy |url=http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2001/apr/23ranji.htm |access-date=18 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=23 April 2001}}</ref>

Khan transferred to [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]] at the start of the [[2006–07 Indian cricket season]] his debut for Mumbai until the final of the [[Ranji Trophy]] in which he took 9 wickets as Mumbai defeated [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]].

In 2005 Khan, signed for [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club]] in England as one of their two overseas players, replacing [[Shoaib Akhtar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdencricketer/content/story/244171.html |title=Worcestershire preview, 2006: Strong squad eyeing promotion |publisher=Cricinfo |first=Paul |last=Bolton |date=14 April 2006 |access-date=26 July 2011}}</ref> Although Worcestershire went on to lose the match, Zaheer took ten wickets against [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]] on debut;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/countycricket/content/story/245561.html |title=Mushtaq powers Sussex to victory |publisher=Cricinfo |date=28 April 2006 |access-date=25 July 2011}}</ref> in doing so he became the first Worcestershire player to take 10 wickets on debut for over 100 years.<ref name="10 wickets">{{cite web|url=http://www.zks.co.in/about_zaheer.php|website=zks.co.in|title=from http://www.zks.co.in/about_zaheer.php|access-date=18 December 2020|archive-date=16 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216132208/http://www.zks.co.in/about_zaheer.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> In June he took the first nine wickets to fall in the first innings against [[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex]], ending with 9–138; had wicket-keeper [[Steven Davies]] not dropped a catch offered by last man [[Darren Gough]] he would have become the first bowler ever to take all ten for the county.

Khan has played the [[Royal Challengers]] as well as [[Mumbai Indians]] before he was picked for the [[Delhi Daredevils]] in the [[IPL 2015 auction|2015 auction]]. He has captained the Daredevils in 2016 and 2017. In 2017 season, Zaheer became the 10th bowler in the history and 8th Indian bowler, to pick 100 wickets in Indian Premier League. At the age of 38, he is the oldest player to achieve this feat.

==International career==
Zaheer was selected in 2000 for the first intake of the [[National Cricket Academy]] in [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Partab |last=Ramchand| title= First list of trainees |url=http://feedsuk.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/CRICKET_NEWS/2000/APR/029816_CI_15APR2000.html |publisher=Cricinfo |date=15 April 2000 |access-date =8 February 2007}}</ref> He made his Test debut against [[Bangladesh cricket team|Bangladesh]] and ODI debut against [[Kenya cricket team|Kenya]] during the 2000 [[ICC KnockOut Trophy]] in the same year.<ref name="cricinfo" />

===Struggling form===
In late 2005 pacemen [[Sreesanth]] and [[R. P. Singh]] made their international debuts and became regular members of the Indian team making it difficult for Zaheer to retain his position in the playing eleven. The [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] demoted Zaheer from a B-grade to a C-grade contract at the end of the year. He returned for the 2005 tour of Pakistan, where India fielded three left arm pacemen and had difficulty dismissing Pakistan with a lack of variety in the bowling attack.

===Recall to team===
Late in 2006, Zaheer was recalled to the Test and ODI team for the tour of South Africa, following [[Irfan Pathan]]'s slump in form and an injury to [[Munaf Patel]]. After consistent performances on tour, his performance in early 2007 in home ODIs against the West Indies and Sri Lanka, including a career best 5/42, saw him named in the squad for the [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007 World Cup]].

He won the Man of the Match award in the first Test between India and Australia in the [[Australian cricket team in India in 2008–09|2008–2009 series]] in India for his all round performance with the bat and the ball.

===ODI career===
He has taken 282 ODI wickets at an average of just over 29 runs per wicket taking 4 wickets in a match 6 times (4 times against [[Zimbabwe]]) including 32 wickets against Zimbabwe at an average of 17.46 runs per dismissal. He, along with other seamers like [[Javagal Srinath]] and [[Ashish Nehra]] helped India to make it to the finals of the [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003 World Cup]]. Zaheer finished the tournament as fourth highest wicket-taker – 18 wickets from 11 matches at an average of 20 runs per wicket.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC2003/STATS/WC2003_ODI_BOWL_MOST_WKTS.html |title=ICC Cricket World Cup, 2002/03 Bowling – Most Wickets |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=17 June 2008 |access-date=20 December 2010}}</ref> He is also the fourth highest wicket-taker in ODIs for India with 282 scalps behind [[Anil Kumble]] (337), [[Javagal Srinath]] (315) and [[Ajit Agarkar]] (288).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=4857;type=tournament |title=ICC Cricket World Cup, 2010/11 / Records / Most wickets |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref>

===Test career===
Zaheer has taken 311 Test wickets at an average of just over 32 runs per wicket. South African star all-rounder [[Jacques Kallis]] was Zaheer's 300th test wicket. In 16 matches from the beginning of the tour of West Indies in April 2002 to the end of the 1st match against Australia in December 2003, [[Brisbane]], Zaheer took 54 wickets from 16 matches at an average of 30 runs. It all turned downhill after the first Test against Australia in Brisbane in December 2003. Having taken 5 of the top 7 Australian batsmen in the first innings (5 for 95), he injured himself in the second during the opening spell. After missing the second Test he returned for the third, but was injured midway through the match and was forced to return home. The injury kept him from the early 2004 tour of Pakistan, India's first Test series victory in the country.

Earlier, Zaheer held the world record for the highest Test score by a number 11 when he scored 75 against [[Bangladeshi national cricket team|Bangladesh]] in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282860.html |title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most runs in an innings (by batting position) |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> At the time he was batting with [[Sachin Tendulkar]]; the pair amassed 133 runs, a new record for India's tenth-wicket.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_by_wicket.html?class=1;id=6;type=team |title=Records / India / Test matches / Highest partnerships by wicket |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> This record was broken by [[Tino Best]] of the [[West Indies]] in 2012. The current record holder is [[Ashton Agar]] of the [[Australia]] on his debut match in 2013.

===Knuckle Ball===
In international cricket, Zaheer Khan was the first bowler to bowl knuckle ball. Zaheer Khan introduced the knuckle ball way back in 2011 world cup. He used that ball for great effect. He used that ball to get crucial wickets at crucial times like the wickets of [[Ian Bell]] and [[Paul Collingwood]] against England and the wicket of [[Devon Smith]] against the West Indies and the wicket of [[Michael Hussey]] in the Quarter Final against Australia.

In an interview he said : "The whole 2011 World Cup, I was looking forward to it, especially playing in front of the home crowd – even if it added that extra bit of pressure. I was preparing a new delivery that I wanted to use, which was the knuckle ball. I was working on it for a year leading up to the tournament. Even though I had perfected it, I was purposely not using it in any of the matches [before the tournament]. It got me a lot of success. When a plan like that works, it gives you extra satisfaction."

===World Cup===
Zaheer has 44 World Cup wickets, spanning from 2003 to 2011, putting him in seventh place behind [[Glenn McGrath]] (71), [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] (68), [[Wasim Akram]] (55), [[Chaminda Vaas]] (49), [[Mitchell Starc]](49) and [[Lasith Malinga]] (47) on the list of highest number of wickets by a bowler the marquee event. He is tied with Srinath in sixth but Srinath has played 34 games as opposed to Zaheer's 23.

Zaheer, who was one of India's trump cards during their World Cup triumph in 2011, finished as the joint highest wicket-taker along with [[Shahid Afridi]] with 21 scalps.

===Later career===
July 2011 India embarked on a [[Indian cricket team in England in 2011|tour of England]]. Having bowled 13.3 overs, Zaheer strained his hamstring and suffered an ankle injury in the first Test of the four-match series and as a result was ruled out of the rest of the tour.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/14435528.stm |title=India bowler Zaheer Khan out of England Test series |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=7 August 2011 |access-date=9 August 2011}}</ref> Zaheer came back in December and played a test match [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2011–12|against Australia]] on Boxing day. He took two wickets in two consecutive deliveries, dismissing [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]] for 31 and [[Mike Hussey]] for a duck.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/518950.html|title=1st Test Australia v India at Melbourne, Dec 26–29, 2011-Scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=9 February 2014}}</ref> In the second test at Sydney, he took three wickets of the four to fall, Clarke scoring 329*; his were the best figures in both these innings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/518951.html|title=2nd Test Australia v India at Sydney, Jan 3–6, 2012-Scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=9 February 2014}}</ref> {{as of|February 2014}} Zaheer Khan is ranked 22 in the [[ICC Player Rankings]] for Test bowlers. He [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2013–14|toured South Africa]] in December 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-07/top-stories/33082373_1_ratings-points-icc-test-12th-spot|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222337/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-07/top-stories/33082373_1_ratings-points-icc-test-12th-spot|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 December 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Tendulkar, Zaheer placed at 17th spot in ICC Test rankings |access-date=7 August 2012}}</ref> and [[Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 2013–14|New Zealand in 2014]].

===Retirement===
Zaheer Khan announced his retirement from international and first-class cricket on 15 October 2015 in a tweet saying "I bid adieu to my career in international cricket. I look forward to signing off with IPL 9."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/928979.html |title=Zaheer Khan announces international retirement |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |date=15 October 2015 |access-date=15 October 2015}}</ref>

==Coaching career==
Zaheer was appointed as bowling consultant for the [[India national cricket team]] in 2017

==ProSport Fitness & Services==
{{Infobox company
| name = ProSport Fitness and Services
| logo =
| type = Physical fitness and sports
| foundation = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| founder = Zaheer Khan
| location_city = [[Mumbai]]
| location_country = India
| area_served =
| key_people = Zaheer Khan, [[Andrew Leipus]], Adrian Le Roux
| industry = [[Physical fitness]]
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| owner =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| divisions = [[Functional training]], strength and conditioning, [[physiotherapy]]
| subsid =
| homepage = http://prosportfitness.in/
| footnotes =
}}
In 2014 Khan founded a fitness and sports company ProSport Fitness and Services in [[Mumbai]], that offers fitness training and [[physiotherapy]] services.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/news/zaheer-khan-launches-fitness-company-162943|title=Zaheer Khan launches fitness company|publisher=cricketcountry.com|date=26 July 2014}}</ref> Involving personnel such as [[Andrew Leipus]] and Adrian Le Roux, the center aims to "maximize potential" of people and athletes by personally assisted fitness programs. Khan stated that the objective was to "bring in world class fitness program to India for sports injury management".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQA8uK3KIs| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211118/EBQA8uK3KIs| archive-date=2021-11-18 | url-status=live|title=Zaheer Khan about Pro Sports Fitness centre| website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/others/leisure/Mirror-fixes-it-Down-but-not-out/articleshow/47659027.cms|title=Down But Not Out|work=Mumbai Mirror|date=14 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111043606/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/leisure/Mirror-fixes-it-Down-but-not-out/articleshow/47659027.cms|archive-date=11 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mansworldindia.com/featured/say-goodbye-to-injuries/|title=Say Goodbye To Injuries|work=[[Man's World (magazine)|Man's World]]|date=2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412194650/https://www.mansworldindia.com/fitness/say-goodbye-to-injuries/|archive-date=12 April 2015}}</ref> It offers scientifically designed programs and treatment while conducting workshops and sessions for corporates and schools to spread awareness of physical fitness.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/health-7-things-zaheer-khan-wants-you-to-know/20150315.htm|title=7 things Zaheer Khan wants you to know|work=rediff.com|date=29 May 2015}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=30102}}
*[http://www.royalchallengers.com/zaheer-khan Zaheer Khan IPL Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518064708/http://www.royalchallengers.com/zaheer-khan |date=18 May 2014 }} from [[Royal Challenger Bangalore|RoyalChallengers]]
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Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani (soundtrack)

2023-10-04T13:38:37Z

KALOS: copied content from Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani#Music; see that page's history for attribution

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}{{Infobox album
| name = Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Pritam]]
| released = 31 July 2023
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 56:21
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Saregama]]
| prev_title = [[Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar]]
| prev_year = 2023
| next_title = [[The Great Indian Family]]
| next_year = 2023
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|vyqrC0jDiVE?si|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}
'''''Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani''''' is the soundtrack that accompanied the 2023 [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic comedy]] [[family drama]] film [[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani|of the same name]] produced and directed by [[Karan Johar]]. Featuring music composed by [[Pritam]] and lyrics written by [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]], the album consisted of eight tracks in the film, while also including six lternative takes of the songs, totaling up to 14 in number, running for 56 minutes. The soundtrack was released by [[Saregama]] on 31 July 2023, three days after the film's release.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |access-date=31 July 2023 |title=Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-original-motion-picture/1700197952 |publisher=Apple Music |archive-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731120706/https://music.apple.com/us/album/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-original-motion-picture/1700197952 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Development ==
The film marked Pritam's second collaboration with Johar as a director, after their previous collaboration on [[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil|''Ae Dil Hai Mushkil'']] (2016). He described the album as a homage to Hindi film music of the 1960s to the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-music-album-is-homage-to-60s-and-70s-hindi-films-says-pritam/cid/1951998|title=Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani music album is homage to '60s and '70s Hindi films, says Pritam|date=14 July 2023|work=The Telegraph India|accessdate=31 July 2023|archive-date=28 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728123352/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-music-album-is-homage-to-60s-and-70s-hindi-films-says-pritam/cid/1951998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-07-22 |title='Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahani' music is full of nostalgia, inspired by old Hindi songs: Pritam |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahani-music-is-full-of-nostalgia-inspired-by-old-hindi-songs-pritam/articleshow/102037818.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Saregama]] bought the film's music rights for {{INRConvert|30|c}}.<ref name="budget">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=23 July 2023 |title=Budgeted at Rs. 178 cr, Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani recovers 90% of investment from sale of satellite, digital and music rights |work=[[Bollywood Hungama ]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/budgeted-rs-178-cr-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-recovers-90-investment-sale-satellite-digital-music-rights/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |archive-date=23 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723095335/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/budgeted-rs-178-cr-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-recovers-90-investment-sale-satellite-digital-music-rights/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Johar termed it both a strategic and emotional decision, as Saregama (then-named HMV) had released the music for his company Dharma Production's early films ''[[Gumrah (1993 film)|Gumrah]]'' (1993) and ''[[Duplicate (1998 film)|Duplicate]]'' (1998).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/karan-johar-sells-music-rights-rocky-aur-rani-ki-prem-kahani-saregama-hmv-ranveer-singh-alia-bhatt-may-sing/|title=Karan Johar sells music rights of Rocky Aur Rani Ki Prem Kahani to Saregama-HMV|date=18 November 2021|website=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=2 August 2023|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129151854/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/karan-johar-sells-music-rights-rocky-aur-rani-ki-prem-kahani-saregama-hmv-ranveer-singh-alia-bhatt-may-sing/|url-status=live}}</ref> The sale also allowed Johar to use Saragema's catalogue of old Hindi film music without buying additional rights.<ref name="oldrights">{{Cite news|last=Iyer|first=Meena|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/old-songs-in-new-films-filmmakers-paying-premium-for-recasting-old-music-companies-to-boost-sales-101690659060250.html|title=How filmmakers are paying big bucks to reprise Bollywood retro music|date=30 June 2023|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=2 August 2023|archive-date=31 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731003921/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/old-songs-in-new-films-filmmakers-paying-premium-for-recasting-old-music-companies-to-boost-sales-101690659060250.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-04 |title='What's this What Jhumka': Pritam reveals all about Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani soundtrack |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/whats-this-what-jhumka-pritam-reveals-all-about-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-soundtrack-101691041012575.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Since the script was heavily steeped of nostalgia, Johar suggested a catalogue of songs that remind the viewers of 90's romance, that were LPs (long play) which changed the structure of the songs. Pritam kept in mind with the [[Jatin–Lalit]], [[Anu Malik]] songs and modernised it although the basic core and melody remained the same. Each song in the film had two 'antaras' ({{Translation|paragraphs}}) that range around five to six minutes, and the second antara had been composed in a way similar to the 1960s Hindi music.<ref name=":0" />

{{Quote box
| quote = "I understand that once you're hearing a short song, you go back and listen to it again. But when you're hearing a long song, you've been totally fed. It's like a thali, after which you feel Bharpoor ({{lit|exhausted}}). So it could've been much more as far as streaming numbers are concerned. But if you're recreating the '90s flavour, it has to feel Bharpoor."
| source = — Pritam, in an interview to ''Hindustan Times''<ref name=":1" />
| align = right
| width = 25%
}}

Although Johar shot full versions of the song, he edited most of them to reduce the length while the audio version still consisted of two 'antaras'. Considering "Tum Kya Mile" he initially had plan for one antara in the song, although Pritam liked the second antara that was sung by [[Shreya Ghoshal]]. He decided to go against Saregama's decision to edit the song, and go with a full version, though Pritam felt that it would have affected its streaming numbers. "What Jhumka?" was termed as a catchy term coined by Bhattacharya, for the adaptation of the [[Asha Bhosle]] song "[[Jhumka Gira Re]]" composed by [[Madan Mohan (composer)|Madan Mohan]] from the film Mera Saaya, with the adaptation being performed by Arijit Singh and Jonita Gandhi. On revisiting the classical song, Pritam felt that the soundscape had a nostalgia and [[Dharmendra]] performing all those songs which was the reason for him to do so.<ref name=":1" />

While composing the background score, he did not go with the usual way of composition, and instead curated the soundscape from the retro elements, where he sampled retro music and reimagined it with a groove. Rani's (Bhatt) introduction theme was a Bengali rap, but the string elements were sampled from [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]'s "Mere Naam Hai Lakhan" from [[Ram Lakhan|''Ram Lakhan'']] (1989), and "Rani" bit was taken from [[S. D. Burman]]'s "[[Mere Sapno Ki Rani]]" from [[Aradhana (1969 film)|Aradhana]] (1969). For Rocky's (Singh) theme, he derived the intro song from "Mast Baharon Ka Main Aashiq" from [[Farz (1967 film)|''Farz'']] (1967) and Somen's (Das) theme was derived from "Meri Pyaari Bindu" from ''[[Padosan]]'' (1968).<ref name=":1" />

== Marketing and release ==
On 27 June 2023, the team announced the first song "Tum Kya Mile" sung by Singh and Ghoshal through a teaser,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani first song Tum Kya Mile to release tomorrow. Watch teaser |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-first-song-tum-kya-mile-on-june-28-101687845486317.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> and the full song was released the following day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/tum-kya-mile-out-alia-bhatt-ranveer-singh-romance-in-kashmir-2023-06-28-878248|title=Tum Kya Mile out: Alia Bhatt, Ranveer Singh romance in picturesque Kashmir; fans heap praises for Arijit Singh|date=28 June 2023|website=India TV|access-date=4 July 2023|archive-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704135202/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/tum-kya-mile-out-alia-bhatt-ranveer-singh-romance-in-kashmir-2023-06-28-878248|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-28 |title=Tum Kya Mile: Alia Bhatt, Ranveer Singh channel SRK-Kajol in first song from Rocky Aur Rani Ki Prem Kahani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/tum-kya-mile-alia-bhatt-ranveer-singh-channel-srk-kajol-in-first-song-from-rocky-aur-rani-ki-prem-kahani-101687929599898.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Picturised at [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]] with the lead pair, Johar described the song as a homage to the romantic songs in [[Yash Chopra]]'s films, whom he considered as his mentor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KJo says 'Rocky Aur Rani...' song is 'homage to his guru Yash Chopra' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/kjo-says-rocky-aur-rani-song-is-homage-to-his-guru-yash-chopra-2398927-2023-06-28 |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> "What Jhumka?" was the second song released as a single on 12 July.<ref>{{cite news|title=What Jhumka Song: Ranveer Singh, Alia Bhatt Join Arijit Singh To Give a Nod To Jhoomka Gira Re|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/what-jhumka-song-arijit-singh-jhoomka-gira-re-remake-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-8314015.html|website=News18|accessdate=12 July 2023|date=12 July 2023|archive-date=12 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712070252/https://www.news18.com/movies/what-jhumka-song-arijit-singh-jhoomka-gira-re-remake-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-8314015.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Karan Johar's kids Yash, Roohi roast director as they reject Rocky Aur Rani Ki Prem Kahani's What Jhumka for this song |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-karan-johar-kids-yash-roohi-roast-director-as-they-reject-rocky-aur-rani-ki-prem-kahani-s-what-jhumka-3052066 |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> The third single, titled "Ve Kamleya" was released on 18 July.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani song Ve Kamleya: Alia Bhatt, Ranveer Singh's new love track is tinged with melancholy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-song-ve-kamleya-music-video-alia-bhatt-ranveer-singh-101689657745034.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=18 July 2023 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718131555/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-song-ve-kamleya-music-video-alia-bhatt-ranveer-singh-101689657745034.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The release coincided with a launch event at Delhi, with the lead actors performing the song while Bhatt rapped few verses of the song.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alia turns rapper, Ranveer sings 'Ve Kamleya' at 'Rocky Aur Rani...' song launch |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/alia-bhatt-raps-what-jhumka-dances-with-ranveer-singh-ve-kamlya-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-song-launch-2408186-2023-07-18 |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-18 |title=Alia Bhatt turns rapper at Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani song launch, Ranveer Singh almost makes them miss their flight. Watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/alia-bhatt-turns-rapper-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-song-launch-ranveer-singh-sings-watch-videos-8847002/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The fourth single, titled "Dhindhora Baje Re", was released on 24 July.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=24 July 2023 |title=Dhindhora Baje Re: Alia Bhatt, Ranveer Singh dance fearlessly in Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani's Durga Puja song |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-song-dhindhora-baje-re-alia-bhatt-ranveer-singh-101690175429288-amp.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=24 July 2023 |archive-date=24 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724095100/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-song-dhindhora-baje-re-alia-bhatt-ranveer-singh-101690175429288-amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-24 |title=Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani song Dhindora Baja Re: Ranveer Singh and Alia Bhatt are rebels in love - watch video |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-song-dhindora-baja-re-ranveer-singh-and-alia-bhatt-are-rebels-in-love-watch-video/articleshow/102078307.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Johar credited the song's inspiration to the scale and grandeur of [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]'s films.<ref name="fcinterview">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-RMyqeL9BE |title=Karan Johar Exclusive Interview with Anupama Chopra |date=31 July 2023 |publisher=[[Film Companion]] |access-date=1 August 2023}}</ref> A promotional event was hosted by [[Spotify]] featuring Pritam, Singh and Bhatt on 22 July.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2023-07-22 |title=Alia Bhatt And Ranveer Singh Promote Their Film's Song At Spotify Event |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/alia-bhatt-and-ranveer-singh-promote-song-from-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-at-spotify-event-1617662 |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=ABP News |language=en}}</ref> The 14-song soundtrack, released three days after the film, on 31 July.<ref name=":2" />

== Track listing ==
{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Tum Kya Mile
| note1 = Radio Edit
| extra1 = [[Arijit Singh]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length1 = 3:12
| title2 = What Jhumka?
| note2 = co-composer [[Madan Mohan (composer)|Madan Mohan]]
| extra2 = Arijit Singh, [[Jonita Gandhi]], [[Ranveer Singh]]
| length2 = 3:33
| title3 = Ve Kamleya
| extra3 = Arijit Singh, Shreya Ghoshal, [[Shadab Faridi]], Altamash Faridi
| length3 = 4:07
| title4 = Dhindhora Baje Re
| extra4 = [[Darshan Raval]], [[Bhoomi Trivedi]]
| length4 = 4:14
| title5 = Ro Lain De
| extra5 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Shilpa Rao]]
| length5 = 3:58
| title6 = Kudmayi
| extra6 = [[Sachet Tandon]]
| length6 = 4:27
| title7 = Heart Throb
| extra7 = [[Dev Negi]]
| length7 = 3:20
| title8 = Saregama Carvaan Medley
| extra8 = Shashwat Singh, Jonita Gandhi
| length8 = 3:43
| title9 = Tum Kya Mile
| extra9 = Arijit Singh, Shreya Ghoshal
| length9 = 4:37
| title10 = Ve Kamleya
| note10 = Sufi Version
| extra10 = Shadab Faridi, Altamash Faridi, [[Asees Kaur]]
| length10 = 5:21
| title11 = Tum Kya Mile
| note11 = Female Vocals
| extra11 = Shreya Ghoshal
| length11 = 3:57
| title12 = Kudmayi
| note12 = Film Version
| extra12 = [[Shahid Mallya]]
| length12 = 4:25
| title13 = Ve Kamleya
| note13 = Redux
| extra13 = Tushar Joshi, Shreya Ghoshal
| length13 = 5:27
| title14 = Rani's Intro Theme
| extra14 = [[Pritam]], Brianna Supriyo
| length14 = 1:54
| total_length = 56:21
}}

== Reception ==
Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India]]'' called the music as "striking" and its visuals being shot "lavishly and beautifully".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani Movie Review : This glamorous entertainer comes with a meaningful message |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani/movie-review/102181636.cms |access-date=2023-09-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Proma Khosla of ''[[IndieWire]]'' wrote "Pritam’s songs are serviceable as always, but no longer the groundbreaking hits he used to deliver".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=2023-07-31 |title='Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani' Is the First Bonafide Bollywood Blockbuster in Years |url=https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-film-review-1234889864/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US}}</ref> Nandini Ramanath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' called "Tum Kya Mile" as the worthy song in the album, but "just about manages to stand out in a movie that has a sharper conversation going on with classic Hindi film music".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2023-07-28 |title='Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani' review: An old-fashioned romance gets an unnecessary update |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1053097/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-review-an-old-fashioned-romance-gets-an-unnecessary-update |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' felt that Pritam's music pales in comparison to the old classical Hindi songs, despite his best efforts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=2023-07-28 |title='Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani' movie review: Karan Johar's celebration of imperfections looks well-groomed, but lacks a beating heart |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-movie-review-karan-johars-celebration-of-imperfections-looks-well-groomed-but-lacks-a-beating-heart/article67130994.ece |access-date=2023-09-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2023 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Hindi film soundtracks]]

Mahima Choudhary

2023-09-08T09:59:18Z

KALOS: Just finished crafting a new article.

'''Mahima Choudhary''' (6 December 1999) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] field hockey player and member of [[India women's national field hockey team|Indian women hockey team]]. She hails from Kalsi village in Uttar Pradesh. She plays for Indian Oil Corporation Limited in the domestic hockey tournaments. She plays as a defender.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From bunking lecture to waiting for years, Mahima Choudhary's journey not a cakewalk for junior team call-up |url=https://aninews.in/news/sports/hockey/from-bunking-lecture-to-waiting-for-years-mahima-choudharys-journey-not-a-cakewalk-for-junior-team-call-up20200813171615/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=www.aninews.in |agency=ANI}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Mahima started playing in 2011. She played for four consecutive years in the Hockey India Sub-Junior National Championships before she got the National call for Junior India camp. Hailing from a small rural village, Kalsi in Uttar Pradesh, her family shifted to Sonipat to help her play hockey. She represented Haryana in the 5th Hockey India Junior National Championship 2015 at Chhattisgarh. In May 2022, she was selected as the vice-captain for the nine-member Indian women's hockey team for the inaugural FIH Women's Hockey 5s tournament held in Lausanne, Switzerland from June 4 to 5.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Rajani Etimarpu to lead India in inaugural FIH Women’s Hockey 5s |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/indian-womens-team-hockey-5s-rajani-etimarpu-mahima-choudhary/article38495644.ece |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> She scored the winning goal in the final of the inaugural women's Hockey 5s Asia Cup final to beat Thailand 7–2. It was the Asia's qualifying tournament for the Women's Hockey 5s World Cup to be held in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Rediff |title=Hockey 5s Asia Cup: India win maiden edition; qualify for World Cup 2024 |url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/report/india-down-malaysia-to-enter-final-qualify-for-2024-wc/20230828.htm |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=International Hockey Federation |url=https://tms.fih.ch/people/16313 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=tms.fih.ch}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhary, Mahima}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Indian field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Haryana]]
[[Category:Indian female field hockey players]]

Haraa (film)

2023-07-18T19:42:06Z

KALOS: Fresh article.

{{Short description|Indian Tamil-language action film}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Haraa
| image = Haraa film poster.jpg
| caption = First look poster
| director = Vijay Sri G
| writer = Vijay Sri G
| producer = Kovai SP Mohanraj Jayasree Vijay
| starring = [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]] [[Khushbu]] [[Yogi Babu]] [[Charuhasan]]
| cinematography = Mano Dinakaran Prahath Muniyasami
| editing = Guna
| music = Rashaanth Arwin
| studio = G Media
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Haraa''''' is an upcoming Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]] directed by Vijay Sri G starring [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]] in lead role after a hiatus of 14 years.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mohan to make a comeback with Vijay Sri directorial Hara |work=[[Cinema Express]] |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jan/01/mohan-to-make-a-comeback-with-vijay-sri-directorial-hara-28756.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523191648/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jan/01/mohan-to-make-a-comeback-with-vijay-sri-directorial-hara-28756.html |archive-date=23 May 2022}}</ref> The film also stars [[Khushbu]] and [[Yogi Babu]] in important roles. Principal photography began on 1 January 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Yesteryear Tamil actor Mohan to make a comeback with 'Haraa'! |work=[[Sify]] |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/yesteryear-tamil-actor-mohan-to-make-a-comeback-with-haraa-news-tamil-wbdeP0hiacjgd.html |url-status=dead |access-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103045928/https://www.sify.com/movies/yesteryear-tamil-actor-mohan-to-make-a-comeback-with-haraa-news-tamil-wbdeP0hiacjgd.html |archive-date=3 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Mohan to make a comeback with Vijay Sri directorial Hara |work=[[Cinema Express]] |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jan/01/mohan-to-make-a-comeback-with-vijay-sri-directorial-hara-28756.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523191648/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jan/01/mohan-to-make-a-comeback-with-vijay-sri-directorial-hara-28756.html |archive-date=23 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="action">{{Cite news |title=Tamil Actor Mohan to Return to Big Screen With This Action Drama. Details Inside |work=[[News18]] |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/tamil-actor-mohan-to-return-to-big-screen-with-this-action-drama-details-inside-4899968.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523191649/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/tamil-actor-mohan-to-return-to-big-screen-with-this-action-drama-details-inside-4899968.html |archive-date=23 May 2022}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]] as Ram / Dawood Ibrahim<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |title=Mohan to make a comeback in an action avatar |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mohan-to-make-a-comeback-in-an-action-avatar/articleshow/88618881.cms |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101085502/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mohan-to-make-a-comeback-in-an-action-avatar/articleshow/88618881.cms |archive-date=1 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohan's Haraa team wants TN CM Stalin to consider menstrual leave for women |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mohans-haraa-team-wants-tn-cm-to-consider-menstrual-leave-for-women/articleshow/91547398.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710151937/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mohans-haraa-team-wants-tn-cm-to-consider-menstrual-leave-for-women/articleshow/91547398.cms |archive-date=10 July 2022 |access-date=8 October 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
*[[Khushbu]]
*[[Yogi Babu]]
*[[Charuhasan]]
*[[Manobala]]
*[[Rajendran]]
*[[Kaushik Ram]]

== Production ==
=== Development ===
Director Vijay Sri G who had directed ''[[Dha Dha 87]]'' and ''Powder'' convinced Mohan to play the lead role in his action film. Vijay Sri said that "Mohan received many offers from different directors but those offers didn’t excite him, but he liked the script of ''Haraa''".<ref name="action" /> The teaser of the film was released on 15 April 2022<ref>{{Cite news |title=80s Superstar Mohan rocks in comeback movie 'Haraa' teaser |work=IndiaGlitz |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/haraa-movie-teaser-mohan-khusbhu-vijay-shri-g-tamil-news-312391 |url-status=live |access-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523191648/https://www.indiaglitz.com/haraa-movie-teaser-mohan-khusbhu-vijay-shri-g-tamil-news-312391 |archive-date=23 May 2022}}</ref> and the film wrapped up its second schedule on 24 April 2022 at Coimbatore.<ref name="Mohan" /> The crew released the glimpse of the film on Mohan's birthday (10 May) and confirmed actor [[Charuhasan]]'s presence in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mohan's Haraa team releases a special glimpse |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mohans-haraa-team-releases-a-special-glimpse/articleshow/91463175.cms |url-status=live |access-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523191649/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mohans-haraa-team-releases-a-special-glimpse/articleshow/91463175.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022}}</ref> The film is bankrolled by Coimbatore SP Mohan Raj and Jaya Sri Vijay.

=== Casting ===
Actress and politician [[Khushbu]] and comedian actor [[Yogi Babu]] were confirmed to be a part of the film while actors like [[Manobala]] and [[Rajendran]] also joined the cast.<ref name="Mohan">{{Cite news |title=Mohan's Haraa second schedule shooting wrapped up |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mohans-haraa-second-schedule-shooting-wrapped-up/articleshow/91074940.cms |url-status=live |access-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523191647/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mohans-haraa-second-schedule-shooting-wrapped-up/articleshow/91074940.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022}}</ref>

== Music ==
The music is composed by Rashaanth Arwin, replacing the previously announced Leander Lee Marty.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rashaanth Arwin to compose music for Mohan's Haraa |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jun/03/rashaanth-arwin-to-compose-music-for-mohans-haraa-44220.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607095001/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jun/03/rashaanth-arwin-to-compose-music-for-mohans-haraa-44220.html |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> The first single titled "Kaya Muya" was released on 7 October 2022.<ref name="Kaya Muya">{{Cite tweet |number=1578316711362973698 |user=SonyMusicSouth |title=Sony Music South on Twitter: #KayaMuya 🔥 from #Mohan's #Haraa releasing today at 6️⃣PM! |author=Sony Music South |author-link=Sony Music India |access-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120134853/https://twitter.com/ana72695769/status/1578316711362973698 |archive-date=7 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 4:40
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Kaya Muya
| length1 = 4:40
| extra1 = V. M. Mahalingam, Shakthi Muralidaran
| lyrics1 = Vijay Sri G
}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|20452494}}

[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Upcoming films]]
[[Category:Upcoming Tamil-language films]]

Bhantham

2023-07-15T07:40:48Z

KALOS:

{{Short description|Indian Tamil-language soap opera}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = Soap opera
| creator =
| producer = San Media
| based_on =
| writer = '''Story:''' Ramani Chandran S. Kumaresan '''Screenplay:''' J. Ramesh S. Kumaresan '''Dialogues:''' Balamurali Varman S. Kumaresan
| creative_director =
| director = M. K. Eeswara Moorthy K. Rangaraj Hari Babu
| starring = Preethi Sanjiv [[Deepak Dinkar]] [[Kanya Bharathi]] [[Shanthi Williams]] [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]] [[Shreekumar|Sreekumar]] [[Poovilangu Mohan]] Rajasekhar Devipriya Balaji Manohar Shilpa Mary Teresa
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 676
| company = San Media
| opentheme = "Bhantham Bhantham Bhantham Illaiyel" (Vocals) [[Harish Raghavendra]] (Lyrics) [[Vairamuthu]]
| theme_music_composer = [[D. Imman]]
| composer = Rehan
| cinematography = K. S. Nagaraj R. V. Pazhani C. Thandapani
| editor = Rama Thirunavukkarasu
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 14–24 minutes
| channel = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2006|09|25}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2009|05|29}}
| related = Agalya ''[[Uravugal]]'' ''[[Bommalattam (TV series)|Bommalattam]]''
}}
Bhantham (Tamil: பந்தம், transl. Bond) was an Indian Tamil-language soap opera which aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]. It is a Non-Prime time serial that aired weekdays from 25 September 2006 to 29 May 2009. The show is aired in [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] every Monday to Friday at 11:30am.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=13565&id1=3&issue=20180427 |title=Producer's Son who became Serial Writer! |publisher=Kungumam |accessdate=15 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmschannels.blogspot.com/2007/10/bandham-to-end-on-happy-note.html?m=1 |title=Bhantham to end on a happy note |publisher=filmschannels.blogspot.com |accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eyramagazine.com/2018/10/28/natyam-to-abhinayam-preethi-sanjiv/ |title=Natyam to Abhinyam - Preethi Srinivasan |publisher=Eyra |accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://filmschannels.blogspot.com/2007/12/preethi-talks-openly-to-us.html?m=1 |title=Preethi talks openly to us |publisher=filmschannels.blogspot.com |accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://films-channels.blogspot.com/2007/12/it-is-not-preethi-srinivas-hereafter.html?m=1 |title=It is not Preethi Srinivasan hereafter |publisher=Films-Channels |accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://films-channels.blogspot.com/2007/12/villain-role-is-very-easy-for-me-deepak.html?m=1 |title=Villain Role is very easy for me - Deepak |publisher=Films-Channels |accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vikatan.com/oddities/miscellaneous/821- |title=Tamil Nadu State Television Awards: Kolangal, Aanandham Best Serials |publisher=Vikatan |accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://filmschannels.blogspot.com/2007/12/i-always-buy-my-costumes-for-tv-serial.html?m=1 |title=I always buy my costumes for TV Serial - Shilpa |publisher=filmschannels.blogspot.com |accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://filmschannels.blogspot.com/2007/12/my-turning-point-started-after.html?m=1 |title=My Turning Point started after Annamalai - Aishwarya |publisher=filmschannels.blogspot.com |accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref>

The show stars Preethi Sanjiv, Rindhya, [[Deepak Dinkar]], [[Kanya Bharathi]], [[Shanthi Williams]], [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]], [[Shreekumar|Sreekumar]], Absar, [[Poovilangu Mohan]], Rajasekhar, Devipriya, Shilpa Mary Teresa, Balaji, Manohar, Jayanth, Venkat, Dev Anand & Yuvasri.

The show is produced by San Media & directed by M. K. Eeswara Moorthy, K. Rangaraj & Hari Babu. The show was later replaced by ''[[Uravugal]]'' which was also produced by San Media.

==Plot==
story is revolving around 2 identical sisters Nithila & Jeeva (both playd by Preethi Sanjiv/Rindhya) who fights with each other for entrenching their rights over their late father Thillainayagam's ([[Poovilangu Mohan]]) property which was cunningly grabbed by Aadhilakshmi ([[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]) who has grudge over their father & mother Thamirabharani ([[Kanya Bharathi]]/[[Shanthi Williams]]) who was Aadhi's childhood friend. Nithila supports Aadhi believing their mother had murdered their father, while Jeeva tries to retrieve the property from Aadhi & also tries to prove that she was the one who had muredered their father to seek vengeance along with proving the innocence of their mother who got falsely accused for their father's murder.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmschannels.blogspot.com/2007/10/bandham-to-end-on-happy-note.html?m=1 |title=Bhantham to end on a happy note |publisher=filmschannels.blogspot.com |accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://filmschannels.blogspot.com/2007/12/preethi-talks-openly-to-us.html?m=1 |title=Preethi talks openly to us |publisher=filmschannels.blogspot.com |accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref>

==Cast==
*Preethi Sanjiv (Preethi Srinivasan)/Rindhya as Nithila & Jeeva
*[[Deepak Dinkar]] as Selva Ganapathy "Selvam/Selva"
*[[Kanya Bharathi]]/[[Shanthi Williams]] as Thamirabharani "Thamira"
*[[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]] as Aadhilakshmi "Aadhi"
*[[Shreekumar|Sreekumar]] as Anand
*Absar
*[[Poovilangu Mohan]] as Thillainayagam
*Rajasekhar
*Devipriya as Neelambari
*Shilpa Mary Teresa as Lalitha
*Balaji/Manohar as Shantha Ganapathy "Shantha"
*Jayanth
*Venkat
*Dev Anand
*Yuvasri
*Yogini
*Shilpa
*Aishwarya
*Jyothi
*Neepa
*Mali
*B. Murali
*Saval Raman
*Sukran
*[[M. R. Krishnamurthy]] as Aadiyapatham
*[[Vasu Vikram]]
*Gowthami Vembunathan
*Padmini as Anand's aunt
*Akila

==Soundtrack==
The title song was composed by [[D. Imman]], while the background score & the other songs were composed by Rehan. Lyrics were written by [[Vairamuthu]].
{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Bhantham Bhantham Bhantham Illaiyel பந்தம் பந்தம் பந்தம் இல்லையேல்
| lyrics1 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| music1 = [[D. Imman]]
| extra1 = [[Harish Raghavendra]]
| length1 = 4:11
| title2 = Thayumanavane Thayumanavane தாயுமானவனே தாயுமானவனே
| lyrics2 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| music2 = Rehan
| length2 = 1:11
}}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Recipient !! Role !! Result
|-
| 2007
| Tamil Nadu State Television <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vikatan.com/oddities/miscellaneous/821- |title=Tamil Nadu State Television Awards: Kolangal, Aanandham Best Serials |publisher=Vikatan |accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref>
| Best Villain
| [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]
| Aadhilakshmi
| {{Won}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:2000s Tamil-language television series]]
[[Category:2006 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2009 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Sikhism in Fiji

2022-12-09T17:57:06Z

KALOS: Authored a unique article.

{{Sikhism sidebar}}
Unlike the majority of [[Fiji]]'s [[Indo-Fijians|Indian]] population, who are descendants of Indian [[indenture]]d labourers brought to Fiji between 1879 and 1916, most of the [[Sikhs]] came to Fiji as free [[immigrant]]s. Most Sikhs established themselves as farmers. Sikhs also came to Fiji as policemen, teachers and preachers. In recent years large numbers of Sikhs have emigrated from Fiji, especially to the [[United States]], [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]]. Sikhs in Fiji are generally referred to as [[Punjabis]].

== Arrival in Fiji ==

=== Under indenture system ===
Some people who stated their home province as being Punjab were recruited from other parts of India and boarded ships to Fiji from Calcutta. Between 1879 and 1900, out of the 21,368 emigrants from Calcutta, only 369 were from Punjab.<ref>{{cite book| last = Gillion| first = Kenneth| title = Fiji's Indian Migrants: A history to the end of indenture in 1920| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1973| location = Melbourne| isbn = 0-19-550452-6| pages = 208}}</ref>
Although no religious breakdown of these Punjabi migrants is available, because of the enterprising nature of the Sikh people a large proportion of these would have been Sikhs.

=== As free migrants ===
The first Sikh free migrants came to Fiji as part of the group of seventy Punjabis who were lured into coming to [[New Caledonia]], in 1904, on the understanding that high wages were paid there. After finding working conditions unacceptable in the [[France|French]] colony, the seventy came to Fiji where some found temporary employment but most soon left for India dissatisfied at the low wages paid in Fiji. From 1905, when the Union Steam Ship Company of [[New Zealand]] began a regular service from [[Calcutta]] to Fiji, there was a regular flow of Sikhs and people from Punjab also known as the Saint Ravidass community to Fiji. Some came to Fiji to make it easier for them to enter North America, [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]] and even [[Argentina]].

The early Sikh and the Ravidass community migrants were mainly from the [[Jullundur]] and [[Hoshiarpur District|Hoshiapur]] districts, although some also came from [[Ludhiana]], [[Amritsar]], [[Ferozepore]], [[Lahore]], [[Ambala]] and [[Rohtak]] districts of [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]]. They were all young and mostly younger sons. They came with few women and those who stayed in Fiji married Hindu women and became prosperous farmers or went back to Punjab marrying within their caste and culture. These returned to Fiji with their wives and started families. Most of the emigrants maintained close ties with their families in the Punjab and remitted money back to them.<ref>{{cite book| last = Gillion| first = Kenneth| title = Fiji's Indian Migrants: A history to the end of indenture in 1920| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1973| location = Melbourne| isbn = 0-19-550452-6| pages = 131–3}}</ref>

=== As policemen ===
From 1900 Sikh policemen were brought to Fiji from [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. [[C. F. Andrews]] and W. W. Pearson, in their report on Indian indentured labour in Fiji, in February 1916, expressed high regard for the Indian Police Force in [[Suva]] made up of Sikhs. They noted that unlike in India these policemen did not take bribes. They wrote that:
<blockquote>
We found an extremely well-conducted Indian Police Force in Suva. These Indians, who were Sikhs, were paid a good monthly wage, and expressed themselves, on the whole, contented with their position. They had come out under an agreement, but there was nothing about it that was servile. Their passage was quite different from that of the ordinary coolies... They were treated well by their senior officers, who spoke highly of their men.<ref>{{cite book |last=Andrews |first=C. F. |author2=W. W. Pearson |title= Indian indentured labour in Fiji|year= 1918|location= Perth, Australia}}</ref>
</blockquote>

Walter Gill, who served as an overseer for the [[Colonial Sugar Refining Company (Fiji)|Colonial Sugar Refining Company]] in [[Lautoka]] during the final years of indenture, has also written about significant numbers of Sikhs employed in the [[Western Division, Fiji|Western Division of Fiji]] to police the Indian population.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gill|first=Walter |title= Turn North-East at the Tombstone|year= 1970|publisher=Rigby Limited |location= Melbourne, Australia|isbn=0-85179-047-X }}</ref>

== Sikh Gurdwara's and Shri Guru Ravidass Gurdwara in Fiji ==

[[File:Gurdwara Guru Ravidass, Nasinu, Fiji.jpg|thumb|Gurdwara [[Guru Ravidass]], Nasinu, Fiji Established in 1939]]
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name
!City
|-
|Gurdwara Sahib Samabula
|[[Suva]]
|-
|Lautoka Sikh Temple
|[[Lautoka]]
|-
|Tagi Tagi Sikh Temple
|[[Tagi Tagi]], [[Tavua District, Fiji]]
|-
|[[Guru Ravidass]] Gurdwara
|[[Nasinu]], [[Suva]]
|-
|Labasa Gurdwara
|[[Labasa]]
|}

Sikh [[Gurdwara]]s have been established in areas of Fiji where there is a concentration of Sikhs. These temples not only serve as places of worship but also served the needy with food and shelter. The first Sikh temple in Fiji was built in Samabula (near [[Suva]]) in 1922 to provide for the needs of new Sikh migrants. Once Tamavua and [[Nasinu]] areas (near Suva) had a large concentration of Sikhs and in 1939 First Shri [[Guru Ravidass]] Gurudwara outside India was established in Nasinu 6 miles at the corner of Kings Road and Caqiri Road (Next to Singh's Caqiri Shopping Centre).The founding fathers of this Guru Ravidass Gurudwara , registered this Guru Ghar under the banner of the AD-Punjab Association which came from Punjab India in the early 1900s. Registered trustees are Mr. Lachhu Ram a.k.a. Lachhu Sheemar (f/n) Khema Ram, Mr. Rakha Ram (f/n)Phila Ram, Mr. Bakshi Ram (f/n) Melu Ram, Mr. Khushi Ram (f/n) Atchu Ram, Mr. Mehnga Ram (f/n) Nathu Ram. Most Sikhs from the settlements around Suva have emigrated to the [[United States]] and Canada and some have moved to the [[Western Division, Fiji|Western Division]] to undertake cane farming. There is a concentration of Sikh cane farmers in Mataniqara and Tagitagi which lie between [[Ba (town)|Ba]] and [[Tavua, Fiji|Tavua]] and to cater for their needs, a temple was built in Tagitagi. There is another temple in [[Lautoka|Lautoka City]], built to cater for the needs of the Sikhs in the Sabeto Valley, but many of these have either left for overseas or moved into the neighbouring settlement of Vutualevu. There is only one temple outside the main island of [[Viti Levu]] and it is located in the town of [[Labasa]] in the second largest island of [[Vanua Levu]]. All the temples in Fiji, except the one in Nasinu, are controlled by temple committees and funded by donations from the local Sikh community. The Ravidass Gurudwara also known as Nasinu Gurudwara is funded by the followers of the Ravidass community in Fiji and abroad.<ref>{{cite book |last= Singh|first=Gajraj |title= The Sikhs of Fiji|year=1972 |publisher= South Pacific Social Sciences Association|location= Suva, Fiji|pages = 42–51}}</ref>

== Sikh schools in Fiji ==
The first school built by Sikhs in Fiji was the Khalsa High School in [[Ba District, Fiji]] in 1958 to provide instruction in the [[Gurmukhi|Gurmukhi script]] of [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] to Sikh pupils. It is at present a multi-racial and co-educational institution open to students of all communities. In 1972, out of a total roll of 491 students, only 124 were Sikhs. The Guru Nanak Khalsa Parimary School was also built at the same site in Ba. A small school, the Naduri Bay Khalsa Primary School, was built near [[Sigatoka]] to provide for the needs of the small Sikh community in the area. The Guru Nanak Khalsa Primary School opened in [[Labasa]] in 1970 with a roll of 47 students.<ref>{{cite book |last= Singh|first=Gajraj |title= The Sikhs of Fiji|year=1972 |publisher= South Pacific Social Sciences Association|location= Suva, Fiji|pages = 52–55}}</ref>

== Notables ==
* '''[[Bhai Gyan Singh Sangha]]''' was the first Sikh priest in Fiji. He was known for his work in religion. Singing the sacred hymns of Guru Granth Shabib and Sewa (helping people in need), he shared his knowledge and spread the words of Sikhism and Sikh Guru's philosophy to others. He and his wife Pritam Kaur Sangha were very devoted in the Sikh community. Many Sikhs after leaving India left their culture and religion behind. Thanks to this unique man and his devoted wife, Sikhs in Fiji still remember their faith and culture.
* '''[[Mehar Singh]]''' (a.k.a. Padri Mehar Singh) was the first president of the first effective cane farmers union in Fiji, the [[Kisan Sangh]]. He was the President from 1937 to 1944 when, due to disagreement with the Secretary of the union, [[Ayodhya Prasad]], he left the union and formed a rival union known as the [[Vishal Sangh]]. His new union had a small support base (mainly Sikh) and had to align itself with the more powerful union, [[Maha Sangh]], formed by [[A. D. Patel]] in 1941, for survival.
* '''[[Ujagar Singh]]''' was elected to the [[Legislative Council of Fiji]] in the [[1968 Fijian by-elections|1968 by-election]] from the Nasinu Indian Communal Constituency, representing the [[National Federation Party]] (NFP). He was also a member of independent Fiji's [[House of Representatives of Fiji|House of Representatives]]. His strong support for the then leader of the NFP, [[Sidiq Koya]], led to his political demise when the NFP split into two factions in 1977.
* '''[[Sarvan Singh]]''' was member of Parliament for the National Federation Party from 1972 to 1979. He was a supporter of [[Jai Ram Reddy]] for the leadership of the NFP.
* '''[[Kuar Battan Singh]]''' was member of the [[Senate of Fiji]] from 1970 to 1977. He was a businessman based in Nausori. During his younger days he was a soccer player and was a member of the 1955 [[Inter-District Championship|Interdistrict soccer tournament]] winning [[Rewa F.C.|Rewa team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fijilive.com/soccer/show/idc/2003/record_2.htm |title=Inter-District Competition (IDC) Tournament Record (1951 - 1960) |access-date=2007-08-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204162347/http://www.fijilive.com/soccer/show/idc/2003/record_2.htm |archive-date=February 4, 2005 }}</ref> He died in an air crash in July 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asiapac.org.fj/cafepacific/resources/aspac/airfiji.html |title=DISASTERS: ANGRY FAMILIES BLAME POLICE |access-date=2007-08-02 }}</ref>
*'''[[Pardeep Singh]]''' '''[[Rakkar]]''' was a [[Medical]], [[Acupuncturist]] and a [[Herbalist]] practitioner in Ba, Fiji during the mid-1990s. He was a brilliant student from [[Khalsa College, Amritsar|Khalsa College]], Wailailai, Ba (1977 to 1981). Pardeep was born in Korovou, Tailevu, Fiji but lived at Mataniqara, [[Ba District, Fiji|Ba]], Fiji. Pardeep was generous to many poor farmers of Ba district and provided free service to many of his former patients who were in need. In the late 1980s, Pardeep also taught at a high school in [[Lautoka]]. He now resides happily in Brisbane, Australia with his Khalsa College class mate and wife [[Sanita Devi Singh]].
* '''[[Jogindar Singh Kanwal]]''' has been a long serving Principal of Khalsa College in Ba, Fiji. He is proficient in [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]. He has written a number of books in Hindi which include, ''Mera Desh Mere Log, Savera, Dharti Meri Mata'' and ''Karvat''but .His best known book is a survey of the development of Hindi in Fiji called ''A Hundred Years of Hindi in Fiji''. He believed in the separation of the teaching of language from religion and with like minded people formed the Hindi Association of Fiji.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kanwal |first=J. S. |title=A Hundred years of Hindi in Fiji |year=1980 |publisher=Fiji Teachers Union |location=Suva, Fiji }}</ref>
* '''[[Gurmit Singh (Fiji)|Gurmit Singh]]''' was an educationist in Fiji who served as a high school principal, an Education Officer, a curriculum development officer, principal of a teachers college and a lecturer at the [[University of the South Pacific]].
* '''[[Phuman Singh]]''' - Served in WW1, survived and lived in [[Suva]], Fiji. He was appointed Justice of the Peace and prominent member of the [[Suva Gurdwara]].
* '''[[Jiwan Singh]]''' served as a corporal in the [[Fiji Police Force]] during the 1940s, originally a member of the [[British Indian Army]], hailing from [[Hoshiarpur]], Punjab. He was awarded with the Defence Medal after WW2, from 1939-45. He was one of the last serving officers in Suva that wore a turban, garnering considerable public attention.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sikh policeman |url=https://www.pressreader.com/fiji/the-fiji-times/20200813/281668257332209 |publisher=Fiji Times |access-date=22 February 2023 |via=PressReader}}</ref>

== Statistics ==
* According to the 1921 census, 449 of the 61,000 Indians were born in Punjab.
* According to Fiji Labour Department statistics, between 1927 and 1930, 1,508 male but only 18 female Punjabi immigrants came to Fiji.
* According to the 1956 census, 468 out of a total of 25,848 Fiji Indian households stated Punjabi as the main language spoken
* According to the 1966 census, only 3,002 of the 240,960 Fiji Indians were of the Sikh faith and there were 175 households where Gurmukhi was spoken.
* According to the 1996 census, 3,076 individuals listed their religion as being Sikh. This represents 0.9% of the Fiji Indian population.
* According to the 2007 census, 2,577 individuals listed their religion as being Sikh. This represents 0.86% of the Fiji Indian population.<ref>[http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/Social/religion_stats.htm Population by Religion - 2007 Census of Population] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916193239/http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/Social/religion_stats.htm }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Gurdwaras in Oceania]]
* [[Sikhism in Australia]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101206055346/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/world-gurudwaras/gurudwaras-in-fiji.html Gurudwaras in Fiji]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110101184926/http://www.angelfire.com/ca6/gurdwaraworld/fiji.html Fiji Gurudwaras]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100614103548/http://fijisikh.com/Home_Page.html The Sikhs of Fiji]
* [http://sikhsangat.org/2009/08/sikhs-in-fiji-island/ Sikhs of Fiji Island]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718101516/http://www.sikhreview.org/december2003/pers3.htm The Sikh Community of Fiji]
* [http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=104644 Sikhs celebrate 300 years]
* [http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=106308 Sikhs celebrate Guru Nanak's birthday]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716170549/http://www.suvasikhfa.com/ Suva Sikh Football Association]
* [[:hif:Sikh Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 2010|Sikh Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 2010]]

{{Oceania topic|Sikhism in}}
{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Sikhism in Fiji| ]]
[[Category:Asian diaspora in Fiji]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Fiji|Sikh]]
[[Category:Indian diaspora in Fiji]]

Secretary General of the Lok Sabha

2022-11-30T15:36:31Z

KALOS: Article crafted.

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Secretariat}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Secretary General
| body = the [[Lok Sabha]]
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg
| insigniasize = 50px
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]
| image =
| imagesize = 170px
| incumbent = Utpal Kumar Singh, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| incumbentsince = 30 November 2020
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| appointer = [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
| termlength =
| inaugural = [[M. N. Kaul]] {{small|(1952–1964)}}
| formation =
| deputy =
| salary =
| website =
}}
{{Politics of India}}

The '''Secretary General of the Lok Sabha''' is the administrative head of the [[Lok Sabha Secretariat]]. The secretary general is appointed by the [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]. The post of secretary general is of the rank of the [[Cabinet Secretary (India)|Cabinet Secretary]] in the [[Government of India]], who is the senior most civil servant to the Indian government.

== Role ==
In the discharge of his constitutional and statutory responsibilities, the [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]] of the [[Lok Sabha]] is assisted by the secretary general of Lok Sabha, (whose pay scale, position and status etc. is equivalent to that of the highest-ranking official in the Government of India i.e. Cabinet Secretary), functionaries of the level of the Additional Secretary, Joint Secretary and other officers and staff of the Secretariat at various levels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Functioning of Lok Sabha Secretariat |url=http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/Secretariat/functioning.htm |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=164.100.47.194}}</ref>

The secretary general remains in office must retire at the age of 60. The secretary general is answerable only to the Speaker; actions cannot be discussed or criticised in or outside the Lok Sabha.

On behalf of the [[President of India|President]], the secretary-general summons each [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Lok Sabha]] to attend session of the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] and authenticates bills in the absence of the Speaker.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/the-lok-sabha-function-control-of-parliament-and-other-details/24897|title=The Lok Sabha : Function, Control of Parliament and Other Details|website=Your Article Library|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-21}}</ref>
The secretary general is the advisor to the speaker. The secretary general acts under the authority in the name of the speaker and passes orders in the name of the speaker. The secretary general does not work under the speaker with delegated authority.

==List==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!rowspan=2| Lok Sabha
!rowspan=2| Name
!colspan=4| Term
|-
! From
! To
! Length
|-
| [[1st Lok Sabha|1st]]
| rowspan=3|[[M. N. Kaul]]
| rowspan=3|17 April 1952
| rowspan=3|1 September 1964
| rowspan=3|{{Age in years and days|1952|4|17|1964|9|1}}
|-
| [[2nd Lok Sabha|2nd]]
|-
| rowspan=2|[[3rd Lok Sabha|3rd]]
|-
| rowspan=4|[[S. L. Shakdhar]]
| rowspan=4|1 September 1964
| rowspan=4|18 June 1977
| rowspan=4|{{Age in years and days|1964|9|1|1977|6|18}}
|-
|-
| [[4th Lok Sabha|4th]]
|-
| [[5th Lok Sabha|5th]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[6th Lok Sabha|6th]]
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Avtar Singh Rikhy]]
| rowspan=2|18 June 1977
| rowspan=2|31 December 1983
| rowspan=2|{{Age in years and days|1977|6|18|1983|12|31}}
|-
|rowspan=2|[[7th Lok Sabha|7th]]
|-
| rowspan=3|[[Subhash C. Kashyap]]
| rowspan=3|31 December 1983
| rowspan=3|20 August 1990
| rowspan=3|{{Age in years and days|1983|12|31|1990|8|20}}
|-
|[[8th Lok Sabha|8th]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[9th Lok Sabha|9th]]
|-
| rowspan=2|[[K. C. Rastogi]]
| rowspan=2|21 August 1990
| rowspan=2|31 December 1991
| rowspan=2|{{Age in years and days|1990|8|21|1991|12|31}}
|-
| rowspan=4|[[10th Lok Sabha|10th]]
|-
| [[C. K. Jain]]
| 1 January 1992
| 31 May 1994
| {{Age in years and days|1992|1|1|1994|5|31}}
|-
| [[R. C. Bhardwaj]]
| 01 June 1994
| 31 December 1995
| {{Age in years and days|1992|1|1|1994|6|1}}
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Surendra Mishra|S. N. Mishra]]
| rowspan=2|1 January 1996
| rowspan=2|15 July 1996
| rowspan=2|{{Age in years and days|1996|1|1|1996|5|10}}
|-
|rowspan=2|[[11th Lok Sabha|11th]]
|-
| rowspan=2|[[S. Gopalan]]
| rowspan=2|15 July 1996
| rowspan=2|26 April 1999
| rowspan=2|{{Age in years and days|1996|7|15|1999|4|26}}
|-
|rowspan=2|[[12th Lok Sabha|12th]]
|-
|rowspan=3|[[G. C. Malhotra]]
| rowspan=3|14 July 1999
| rowspan=3|31 July 2005
| rowspan=3|{{Age in years and days|1999|7|14|2005|07|31}}
|-
|rowspan=1|[[13th Lok Sabha|13th]]
|-
|rowspan=2| [[14th Lok Sabha|14th]]
|-
| rowspan=2|[[P. D. T. Acharya]]
| rowspan=2|1 August 2005
| rowspan=2|30 September 2010
| rowspan=2|{{Age in years and days|2005|8|1|2010|9|30}}
|-
| rowspan=4|[[15th Lok Sabha|15th]]
|-
| [[T. K. Viswanathan]]
| 1 October 2010
| 31 August 2013
| {{Age in years and days|2010|10|1|2013|8|31}}
|-
| [[S. Bal Shekar]]
| 1 October 2013
| 28 February 2014
| {{Age in years and days|2013|10|1|2014|2|28}}
|-
| rowspan=2|[[P. Sreedharan]]
| rowspan=2|1 March 2014
| rowspan=2|30 July 2014
| rowspan=2|{{Age in years and days|2014|3|1|2014|7|30}}
|-
|rowspan=4|[[16th Lok Sabha|16th]]
|-
| [[P. K. Grover]]
| 30 July 2014
| 30 November 2014
| {{Age in years and days|2014|7|30|2014|11|30}}
|-
| [[Secretary general of Indian Parliament|Anoop Mishra]]
| 1 December 2014
| 30 November 2017
| {{Age in years and days|2014|12|1|2017|11|30}}
|-
| rowspan=2 |[[Snehlata Shrivastava]]
| rowspan=2|1 December 2017
| rowspan=2|30 November 2020
| rowspan=2| {{Age in years and days|2017|12|1|2020|11|30}}
|-
| rowspan=2|[[17th Lok Sabha|17th]]
|-
|[[Utpal Kumar Singh]]
|30 November 2020
|''Incumbent''
| {{Age in years and days|2020|11|30}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[Parliament of India]]
* [[Lok Sabha]]
* [[Lok Sabha Secretariat]]
* [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[Leader of the House in Lok Sabha]]
* [[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha]]
* [[Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha]]

ABP Nadu

2022-08-05T07:21:59Z

KALOS: Added a new addition to the platform.

#REDIRECT [[ABP Group]]

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