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Mahe Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T16:53:43Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Added first info added tags

{{Short description|Constituency of the Puducherry legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| constituency_no =29
| electors ={{formatnum:31092}}
| name = Mahe
| union_territory = [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| type= SLA
| latest_election_year = 2021
| map_image = Mahe Assembly Constituency-29.png
| mla = [[Ramesh Parambath]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| district = [[Mahe, India|Mahe]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puducherry]]
| established = 1964
| reservation = None
}}
[[File:Mahe and Palloor Assembly Constituencies (1964-2011)-1.jpg|thumb|A map showing the erstwhile Mahe and Palloor Assembly Constituencies]]

'''Mahe''' is a [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] constituency in the [[Union territory]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in [[India]], covering the area of [[Mahe, India|Mahe]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Schedule XXII Puducherry Table A - Assembly Constituencies|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/nri/puducherry_Delimitation.pdf|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref> Mahe Assembly constituency is part of [[Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency]].

From 1964 to 2011, the Mahe region had two Assembly Constituencies - Mahe and Palloor. Mahe Assembly constituency included areas of Mahe, Cherukallayi and Chalakkara, whereas Palloor constituency comprised Palloor and Pandakkal areas.

Palloor Assembly constituency was abolished for the [[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011 Assembly election]]. Thus, the whole of Mahe came under the enlarged Mahe Constituency since 2011.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-29|title=Summary Information of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://www.ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/previousElections.html|access-date=2021-07-23|website=www.ceopondicherry.nic.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029210435/http://www.ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/previousElections.html|archive-date=29 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Puducherry |url=https://ceopuducherry.py.gov.in/previousElections.html|access-date=2021-07-26|website=ceopuducherry.py.gov.in}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| 1959
| [[PK Raman]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress |rowspan=2}}
|-
| 1964
| [[Valavil Keshavan]]
|-
| 1969
| [[I. K. Kumaran]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| 1969
| [[Kunnummal Raghavan]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puducherry 1969|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3423-puducherry-1969/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-04-09|title=Union Territory of Pondicherry - Assembly - General Elections 1969 |url=http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se1969.PDF|access-date=2021-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409221019/http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se1969.PDF |archive-date=9 April 2009 }}</ref>
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|rowspan=4| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| 1974
| [[K. V. Raghavan]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puducherry 1974|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3425-puducherry-1974/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-04-09|title=Union Territory of Pondicherry - Assembly - General Elections 1974 |url=http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se1974.PDF|access-date=2021-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409221055/http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se1974.PDF |archive-date=9 April 2009 }}</ref>
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |

|-
| 1977
| [[K. V. Raghavan]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puducherry 1977|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3426-puducherry-1977/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=|date=2009-04-09|title=Union Territory of Pondicherry - Assembly - General Elections 1977 |url=http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se1977.PDF|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409220903/http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se1977.PDF|archive-date=9 April 2009}}</ref>
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |

|-
| 1980
| [[K. V. Raghavan]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puducherry 1980|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3428-puducherry-1980/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-04-09|title=Union Territory of Pondicherry - Assembly - General Elections 1980 |url=http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se1980.PDF|access-date=2021-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409220808/http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se1980.PDF |archive-date=9 April 2009 }}</ref>
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |

|-
| 1985
| [[P. K. Sathyanandan]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-04-09|title=Union Territory of Pondicherry - Assembly - General Elections 1985 |url=http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se1985.PDF|access-date=2021-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409221135/http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se1985.PDF |archive-date=9 April 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Puducherry 1985|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3430-puducherry-1985/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress |rowspan=7}}
|-
| 1990
| [[E. Valsaraj]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puducherry 1990|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3431-puducherry-1990/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| 1991
| [[E. Valsaraj]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puducherry 1991|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3433-puducherry-1991/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| 1996
| [[E. Valsaraj]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puducherry 1996|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3434-puducherry-1996/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| 2001
| [[E. Valsaraj]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-04-09|title=Union Territory of Pondicherry - Assembly - General Elections 2001 |url=http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se2001.PDF|access-date=2021-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409221219/http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se2001.PDF |archive-date=9 April 2009 }}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| [[E. Valsaraj]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puducherry 2006|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3437-puducherry-2006/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-04-09|title=Union Territory of Pondicherry - Assembly - General Elections 2006 |url=http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se2006.PDF|access-date=2021-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409221113/http://ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/PDF/Se2006.PDF |archive-date=9 April 2009 }}</ref>
|-
| 2011
| [[E. Valsaraj]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puducherry 2011|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3438-puducherry-2011/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| V. Ramachandran<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puducherry General Legislative Election 2016|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3474-puducherry-general-legislative-election-2016/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|Bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|
|align="left"|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] supported Independent
|-
| 2021
| [[Ramesh Parambath]]<ref name=election2021/>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 2026
| Adv. T. Ashok Kumar
|Bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|
|align="left"|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] supported Independent
|}

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2026|2026]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|35.19}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2021|2021]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|41.63}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2016|2016]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|45.96}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2011|2011]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|60.51}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2006|2006]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|55.74}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2001|2001]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|59.87}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1996|1996]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.58}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|62.62}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1990|1990]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|56.05}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1985|1985]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|53.04}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|48.17}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1977|1977]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|48.58}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|33.03}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1969|1969]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|59.33}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1964|1964]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.14}}
}}

=== Assembly Election 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=Adv. T. Ashok Kumar|party=Independent politician|votes= 8,375 |percentage=35.19|change={{increase}}}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Ramesh Parambath]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=7,260 |percentage= 30.5 |change={{decrease}}}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Dineshan|party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,969|percentage= 29.28 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mohammed Sameel Kasim|party=Indian Union Muslim League|votes=800 |percentage= 3.36 |change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Prajesh|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes= 122 |percentage=0.51|change=''New''}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes= 143 |percentage=0.6|change={{decrease}}}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes= 23,801 |percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =29736 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent|loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2021 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13417-puducherry-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Puducherry General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ramesh Parambath]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,744 |percentage=41.63 |change=4.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Haridasan Master |party=Independent politician |votes=9,444 |percentage=40.35 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. P. Abdul Rahman |party=All India N.R. Congress |votes=3,532 |percentage=15.09 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. K. Ummer Master |party=Social Democratic Party of India |votes=319 |percentage=1.36 |change=0.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=221 |percentage=0.94 |change=0.48 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=300 |percentage=1.28 |change=-7.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,408 |percentage=75.29 |change=-2.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,090 |change =3.01 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= -4.34 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2016 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. V. Ramachandran |party=Independent politician |votes=10,797 |percentage=45.96 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Valsaraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,658 |percentage=36.86 |change=-23.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. T. Devarajan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,653 |percentage=7.04 |change=0.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. P. Abdul Rahman |party=All India N.R. Congress |votes=1,653 |percentage=7.04 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. K. Ummer Master |party=Social Democratic Party of India |votes=206 |percentage=0.88 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. E. Sulochana |party=Independent politician |votes=182 |percentage=0.77 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=109 |percentage=0.46 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,139 |percentage=9.11 |change=-18.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,491 |percentage=77.83 |change= 0.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,181 |change =5.96 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -14.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2011 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Valsaraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,297 |percentage=60.51 |change=4.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. K. Gangadharan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=7,193 |percentage=32.73 |change=-3.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. K. Rajeendran |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,484 |percentage=6.75 |change=0.92 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,104 |percentage=27.78 |change=8.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,974 |percentage=77.15 |change= -2.86 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,484 |change =124.94 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 4.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2006 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 2006 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3437-puducherry-2006/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925222225/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3437-puducherry-2006/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=25 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Valsaraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,647 |percentage=55.74 |change=-4.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Ashok Kumar |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,700 |percentage=36.52 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Balan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=591 |percentage=5.83 |change=-0.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijayan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=189 |percentage=1.87 |change=1.12 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,947 |percentage=19.22 |change=-7.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,131 |percentage=80.00 |change= 7.05 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,663 |change =-2.43 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -4.13 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2001 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 2001 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3436-puducherry-2001/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927050359/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3436-puducherry-2001/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=27 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Valsaraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,666 |percentage=59.87 |change=14.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manoli Muhammad |party=Independent politician |votes=3,131 |percentage=33.08 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=East Namath Rajeendran |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=596 |percentage=6.30 |change=-5.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Lakshmanan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=71 |percentage=0.75 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,535 |percentage=26.79 |change=23.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,464 |percentage=72.95 |change= 2.86 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,978 |change =6.69 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -2.75 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1996 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3434-puducherry-1996/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917135105/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3434-puducherry-1996/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Valsaraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,184 |percentage=45.58 |change=-17.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manoli Muhammad |party=Independent politician |votes=3,915 |percentage=42.65 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. P. Krishnaraj |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,047 |percentage=11.41 |change=4.75 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=269 |percentage=2.93 |change=-29.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,180 |percentage=76.06 |change= 5.97 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,164 |change =2.81 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -17.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1991 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3433-puducherry-1991/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917135604/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3433-puducherry-1991/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Valsaraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,099 |percentage=62.62 |change=6.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. V. Raghavan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,421 |percentage=29.73 |change=-6.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Chandran |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=542 |percentage=6.66 |change=0.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. P. Hamza |party=Independent politician |votes=53 |percentage=0.65 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,678 |percentage=32.89 |change=12.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,143 |percentage=70.09 |change= -8.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,832 |change =1.42 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 6.57 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1990 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3431-puducherry-1990/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917130547/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3431-puducherry-1990/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Valsaraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,142 |percentage=56.05 |change=3.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mukkath Jayan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,304 |percentage=36.01 |change=-3.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. P. Ganeshan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=556 |percentage=6.06 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Sidharthan |party=Independent politician |votes=125 |percentage=1.36 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,838 |percentage=20.03 |change=6.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,174 |percentage=78.91 |change= -3.22 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,666 |change =37.10 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 3.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1985 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3430-puducherry-1985/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917140417/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3430-puducherry-1985/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=P. K. Sathyanandan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,695 |percentage=53.04 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. V. Raghavan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,719 |percentage=39.03 |change=-9.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. V. Sulaiman Hajee |party=Indian Union Muslim League |votes=447 |percentage=6.42 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Valavil Sudhakaran |party=Independent politician |votes=42 |percentage=0.60 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Gaffoor |party=Independent politician |votes=38 |percentage=0.55 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=976 |percentage=14.01 |change=5.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,966 |percentage=82.14 |change= 4.94 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,509 |change =14.48 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= 4.87 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1980 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3428-puducherry-1980/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927041541/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3428-puducherry-1980/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=27 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=K. V. Raghavan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,638 |percentage=48.17 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. V. Sulaiman Hajee |party=Independent politician |votes=2,174 |percentage=39.70 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Chakrapani |party=Independent politician |votes=358 |percentage=6.54 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mani Bharathan |party=Independent politician |votes=178 |percentage=3.25 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. P. Ramakrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=117 |percentage=2.14 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=464 |percentage=8.47 |change=8.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,476 |percentage=77.20 |change= -3.26 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,433 |change =1.31 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Independent politician |swing= -0.41 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1977 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3426-puducherry-1977/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927043330/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3426-puducherry-1977/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=27 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=K. V. Raghavan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,847 |percentage=48.58 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. K. Raman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,835 |percentage=48.38 |change=25.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. K. Muraleedharan |party=Independent politician |votes=178 |percentage=3.04 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12 |percentage=0.20 |change=-5.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,860 |percentage=80.46 |change= -4.57 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,337 |change =11.10 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= 15.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1974 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1974 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3425-puducherry-1974/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917133352/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3425-puducherry-1974/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kunnummal Raghavan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,816 |percentage=33.03 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Iraye Kunnathitathil Kumaran |party=Independent politician |votes=1,528 |percentage=27.79 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Candotte Errambally Bharathan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,268 |percentage=23.06 |change=-17.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nalupurayil Velandi Chakrapani |party=Independent politician |votes=824 |percentage=14.99 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Poothara Narayanan |party=Independent politician |votes=62 |percentage=1.13 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=288 |percentage=5.24 |change=-13.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,498 |percentage=85.02 |change= 1.53 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,604 |change =12.47 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Independent politician |swing= -26.30 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1969 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1969 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1969 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3423-puducherry-1969/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917140530/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3423-puducherry-1969/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=I. K. Kumaran |party=Independent politician |votes=2,885 |percentage=59.33 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Valavil Kesavan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,978 |percentage=40.67 |change=-9.47 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=907 |percentage=18.65 |change=18.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,863 |percentage=83.50 |change= -6.68 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,872 |change =15.11 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 9.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1964 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahe<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1964 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3421-puducherry-1964/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515062755/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/3421-puducherry-1964/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=15 May 2019 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Valavil Kesavan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,283 |percentage=50.14 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Iraye Kunnathitathil Kumaran |party=Independent politician |votes=2,270 |percentage=49.86 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13 |percentage=0.29 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,553 |percentage=90.18 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,101 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Mahe district]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Puducherry}}
{{coord|11.700|75.539|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Puducherry]]
[[Category:Mahe district]]
[[Category:Politics of Puducherry]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1964]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Pondicherry]]

Ishtadevata

2026-05-08T15:14:36Z

JunkoQxl0473817: started

{{Short description|A worshipper's favourite deity, in Hinduism}}
{{Italic title}}
{{For-multi|Ishtadeva in the Vajrayana Buddhist context|Yidam|ancestral tutelary deity in Hinduism|Kuladevata}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Hinduism}}
'''''Ishtadevata''''' or '''''Ishtadeva''''' ([[Sanskrit]]: इष्ट देव(ता), {{IAST|iṣṭa-deva(tā)}}, literally "cherished [[Deva (Hinduism)|divinity]]" from ''iṣṭa'', "personal, liked, cherished, preferred" and ''[[devatā]]'', "godhead, divinity, [[tutelary deity]]" or ''[[deva (Hinduism)|deva]]'', "deity"), is a term used in [[Hinduism]] denoting a worshipper's favourite deity.<ref>V. S. Apte, ''A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary'', p. 250.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title= The Hindu Festival of Divali in the Caribbean |doi=10.1080/00086495.1976.11829270|journal= Caribbean Quarterly|volume=22|year=1976|issue=1|page=57|last1=Jha|first1=J.C.}}</ref>

It is especially significant to both the [[Smarta]] and [[Bhakti]] schools, wherein practitioners choose to worship the form of God that inspires them. Within [[Smartism]], one of five chief deities is selected. Even in denominations that focus on a singular concept of God, such as [[Vaishnavism]], the ishtadevata concept exists. For example, in [[Vaishnavism]], special focus is given to a particular form of [[Lord Vishnu|Vishnu]] or one of his [[avatar]]as (i.e. [[Krishna]] or [[Rama]]). Similarly within [[Shaktism]], focus is given to a particular form of the Goddess such as [[Parvati]] or [[Lakshmi]]. The [[Swaminarayan]] sect of Vaishnavism has a similar concept, but notably holds that Vishnu and [[Shiva]] are different aspects of the same God.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swaminarayansatsang.com/library/scriptures/scriptureexplanation.asp?IDProduct%3D726%26idcategory%3D2 |access-date=25 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317164651/http://www.swaminarayansatsang.com/library/scriptures/scriptureexplanation.asp?IDProduct=726&idcategory=2 |archivedate=17 March 2012 |title=Swaminarayan Satsang - Scriptures - Shikshapatri English - Shlok 47 }}</ref>

==Smarta worship==
The "worship of the five forms" ({{IAST|[[pañcāyatana pūjā]]}}) system, which was popularized by [[Adi Shankara]] among orthodox Brahmins of the [[Smartism|Smārta]] tradition, invokes the five deities [[Ganesha]], [[Vishnu]], [[Shiva]], [[Shakti]], and [[Surya|Sūrya]].<ref>Grimes, John A. Ganapati: Song of the Self. (State University of New York Press: Albany, 1995) p. 162.</ref><ref>Dating for the pañcāyatana pūjā and its connection with Smārta Brahmins is from p. 163, Courtright, Paul B. {{IAST|Gaṇeśa}}: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings. (Oxford University Press: New York, 1985). {{ISBN|0-19-505742-2}}</ref> This system was instituted by Adi Shankara primarily to unite the principal deities of the five major sects ({{IAST|Gāṇapatya, Śaiva, Vaiṣṇava, Shakta and Saura}}) on an equal status. The [[Monism|monistic]] philosophy preached by Adi Shankara made it possible to choose one of these as a preferred principal deity and at the same time worship the other four deities as different forms of the same all-pervading [[Brahman]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Krishna: a sourcebook |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-514892-3 |editor-last=Bryant |editor-first=Edwin F. |location=Oxford New York |pages=313}}</ref>

==Worship forms==
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2015}}
Typically a practitioner worships their ishtadevata through the form of a [[murti]]. This worship may involve offering items to their chosen divinity such as [[incense]] or flowers, reciting [[mantra]]s, [[bhajan|singing their names]] and offering [[prayer]]s.

Remembering the deity and internally building a relationship with (or through) them is considered essential to the practise. Within the [[Advaita]] schools it is believed that the [[human]] [[mind]] needs a concrete form to understand the divine that ultimately can never be defined. Just as one can understand the abstract concept of a [[color]] only after one has seen a concrete form, one can only realize the deity through a form of [[murti]]. In contrast, the [[Dvaita]] schools believe the Supreme Being to possess a divine form, and offer worship to their ishtadevata as either a representation or direct expansion of the Supreme Person. For example, [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] schools offer worship exclusively to murtis of Vishnu, or his associated avatars such as [[Krishna]] or [[Rama]].

[[Shaivism|Shaivites]] worship Shiva, either figuratively, or through his [[Lingam]] murti. As Shaivism contains both monistic and dualistic traditions either (or both) of the above approaches may be applicable.

In [[Hindu texts]], four different methods of [[Hindu astrology|astrological]] determination of an Ishtadevata are prescribed. Two methods are found in the [[Shruti]] texts and two methods are found in the [[Smriti]] texts.

According to [[Shruti]], the appropriate deity is determined directly by the [[Nakshatras|Nakshatra]],<ref>Yajur Veda Taittiriya Samhita IV.4.10.1 3;
Yajur Veda Kathaka Samhita XXXIX.13;
Yajur Veda Maitrayani Samhita II.13.20;
Atharva Veda XIX.7.2 5;
Taittiriya Brahmana I.5.3.1.4 5;
Shatapatha Brahmana II.1.2.1 11</ref><ref>[https://stotrarathna.blogspot.com/2020/02/prayers-based-on-birth-nakshatra.html?m=0 Prayers based on Birth Nakshatra]. Translated by
P. R. Ramachander
</ref><ref>[https://www.tamilsurangam.in/astrology/astrology_articles/stars_gods.html ஜோதிடக் கட்டுரைகள் - 27 நட்சத்திரக்காரர்களிற்கும் உரிய தெய்வங்கள்]</ref> as well as by [[Navagraha|Graha]] that rules the [[Nakshatra]].<ref>Navagraha Sukta of Taittiriya Samhita of Krishna Yajur Veda;
Nakshatra Sukta of Taittiriya Brahmana of Krishna Yajur Veda
</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/the-book-of-nakshatras/mode/1up The Book of Nakshatras. A comprehensive treatise on 27 constellations.] As per Prash Trivedi. Illustrations by Veno</ref><ref>[https://www.sreyasjyothishakendram.com/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE-%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82-%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F-%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5/ ജന്മ നക്ഷത്രവും ഇഷ്ട ദേവതയും]</ref>

According to [[Smriti]], the suitable deity is determined by the fifth "Bhava" in the [[Varga (astrology)|"Rasi"]] chart,<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/document/272924930/Jyotish-jyotisharnava-navanitam Jyotisharnava Navanitam 2.127-132];
[https://jyotishbooks.wordpress.com/2018/03/23/sarvarth-chintamani-of-vekatesh-sharma-classic-by-j-n-bhasin/ Sarvartha Chintamani 13.994-1002]</ref> and also by the twelfth "Bhava" from "Karakamsa" in the [[Varga (astrology)|"Navamsa"]] chart.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.486584/mode/1up Jaimini Sutras 1.2.72-81];
[https://archive.org/details/brihatparasarahorasastrawithenglishtranslationgirishchandsharmavolume1_547_G/mode/1up not all editions of Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra 35.63-74]</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Hinduism}}
*[[Bhakti]]
*[[Bhakti Yoga]]
*[[Henotheism]]
*[[Henotheistic aspects of Hinduism]]
*[[Icon]]
*[[Kuladevata]]
*[[Patron saint]]
*[[Smartism]]
*[[Vedanta]]
*[[Yidam]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ista-Devata}}
[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Hindu deities]]
[[Category:Tutelary deities]]

2026 Andhra Pradesh fireworks explosion

2026-05-07T17:51:07Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Stub

{{Short description|2026 fireworks explosion in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox event
| name = 2026 Andhra Pradesh fireworks explosion
| image =
| caption =
| map =
| map_caption =
| date = {{start date|2026|2|28|df=yes}}
| time = {{Circa}} 2:00{{nbsp}}p.m. [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30|GMT+5:30]])
| location = Surya Sri Fireworks Centre, Vetlapalem, [[Kakinada district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| coordinates = {{Coord|17.03|N|82.14|E}}
| type = [[List of fireworks accidents and incidents|Fireworks disaster]]
| fatalities = 21<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-28 |title=21 killed in Firecracker manufacturing unit explosion in Samarlakota |url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/andhra-pradesh-21-killed-in-firecracker-manufacturing-unit-explosion-in-samarlakota/ |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=All India Radio |language=en}}</ref>
| injuries = 10
}}

On 28 February 2026, at around 1:30{{En dash}}2:00 pm local time, an explosion occurred at the Surya Sri [[Fireworks]] factory in the Vetlapalem village, [[Kakinada district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-28 |title=Tragedy in Kakinada: 21 killed as massive explosion rips through Andhra Pradesh fireworks factory |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/tragedy-kakinada-killed-explosion-rips-andhra-pradesh-fireworks-factory-10557829/ |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Background ==
Vetlapalem is a fireworks manufacturing hub in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The village is famous for its customised firecrackers specially crafted for local festivals, goddess fairs, and other local events. Several accidents had occurred in the past including one in 2019 that killed five women.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-28 |title=Tragedy in Kakinada: 21 killed as massive explosion rips through Andhra Pradesh fireworks factory |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/tragedy-kakinada-killed-explosion-rips-andhra-pradesh-fireworks-factory-10557829/ |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Incident==
The incident happened at the Surya Sri Fireworks factory beside the Godavari Canal in Vetlapalem village, [[Samalkota mandal|Samarlakota mandal]], [[Kakinada district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bandari |first=Pavan |date=2026-02-28 |title=18 killed in explosion at fireworks factory in Vetlapalem, CM Naidu express shock |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/18-killed-in-explosion-at-fireworks-factory-in-vetlapalem-cm-naidu-express-shock-1052578 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> 10{{En dash}}15 people normally work there, but with a large order for the [[Fair|jathara]] in nearby Mallisala village, [[Jaggampeta mandal]] and the number of weddings, the demand for fireworks had increased and over 60 workers were on site. Ammunition is also stored in the warehouse. At 1 pm local time, everyone came out for lunch. After finishing their lunch at 1.30 pm, 30{{En dash}}40 of the workers went back to the four sheds and got busy with work.<ref>{{Cite web |title=భారీ విస్ఫోటనం.. మాటలకందని విషాదం {{!}} Massive explosion in Kakinada vetlapalem 20 workers dies many seriously injured {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/andhra-pradesh/massive-explosion-kakinada-vetlapalem-20-workers-dies-many-seriously |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref> During this time, the explosion occurred and 20 workers were immediately killed, with a further death report after midnight. 10 others were seriously injured. Permission was originally given to employ only 8 people, but 31 were engaged in the work.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-01 |title=Andhra cracker blast horror in Vetlapalem: Toll climbs to 21 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/andhra-cracker-blast-horror-in-vetlapalem-toll-climbs-to-21/articleshow/128906909.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-03-01 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of fireworks accidents and incidents]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Fireworks accidents and incidents}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Andhra Pradesh fireworks explosion, 2026}}
[[Category:2026 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2026 fires in Asia]]
[[Category:2020s in Andhra Pradesh|fireworks explosion]]
[[Category:February 2026 in India]]
[[Category:Disasters in Andhra Pradesh|fireworks explosion]]
[[Category:Industrial fires and explosions in India]]
[[Category:Explosions in 2026]]
[[Category:Kakinada district]]
[[Category:Fireworks accidents and incidents in India]]

B. Devendrappa (politician)

2026-04-29T13:53:14Z

JunkoQxl0473817: New

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1962)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''B. Devendrappa''' (born 1962) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is an MLA from [[Jagalur Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for ST community in [[Davanagere district|Davangere district]]. He won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Election Results 2023 Constituency Wise Winning Candidates List |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-election-results-2023-constituency-wise-winning-candidates-list |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Jagalur">{{cite news |date=13 May 2023 |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Jagalur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10103.htm?ac=103 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501182259/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10103.htm?ac=103 |archive-date=1 May 2025 |access-date=1 May 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Devendrappa is born to a tribal family in Chikmammanahatti village, [[Jagalur]] taluk, Davangere district.<ref name="hindustantimes">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/former-peon-turned-congress-mla-sweeps-school-verandah-and-rings-bell-to-commence-academic-year-101685733681808.html|title=Congress MLA visits institute where he worked as peon {{pipe}} Latest News India|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref> His late father was Late Basappa was a farmer. His wife is a retired government employee. He completed his pre university course but discontinued his studies during his graduation at Government Arts College, [[Chitradurga|Chitraduraga]], in 1984.<ref>{{Cite web |title=B.Devendrappa(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- JAGALUR (ST)(DAVANGERE) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://www.myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=7804 |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> He served as a peon, a group D post, in a private school, Amar Bharati Vidyakendra, Jagalur, for 30 years from 1983 to 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-04 |title=School peon turned MLA felicitated in hometown |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/school-peon-turned-mla-felicitated-in-hometown/articleshow/100738612.cms |access-date=2024-08-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> After being elected as an MLA, he returned to the school in June 2023, swept the office and rang the bell to start the academic year.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-06-03 |title=Congress MLA visits institute where he worked as peon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/former-peon-turned-congress-mla-sweeps-school-verandah-and-rings-bell-to-commence-academic-year-101685733681808.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903115333/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/former-peon-turned-congress-mla-sweeps-school-verandah-and-rings-bell-to-commence-academic-year-101685733681808.html |archive-date=3 September 2023 |access-date=2025-03-31 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Devendrappa left [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] and joined Congress in 2022. He got the ticket and won from [[Jagalur Assembly constituency]] representing [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=":0" /> He polled 50,765 votes with a vote share of 32.44 per cent and defeated his nearest rival, S. V. Ramachandra of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a narrow margin of 874 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: List of winners with a margin of fewer than 2,000 votes |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/karnataka/karnataka-assembly-elections-2023-list-of-winners-with-a-margin-of-fewer-than-2000-votes-1218469.html |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Karnataka election results 2023: Full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/karnataka-election-results-full-list-of-winners-8606612/ |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Earlier in the [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] he lost badly and could only finish third behind winner S. V. Ramachandra of Bharatiya Janata Party who polled 78,948 votes, and H. P. Rajesh of Indian National Congress, who finished second.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/members.htm Karnataka Legislative Assembly]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Devendrappa, B.}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]

Anglo-Indian reserved seat in the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly

2026-04-21T09:53:18Z

JunkoQxl0473817:

{{Short description|Former reserved seat in the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly}}
Between 2002 and 2020, a single seat was reserved in the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]], for members of the [[Anglo-Indian]] community. This member was nominated by the [[Governor of Uttarakhand]] on the advice of the [[Government of Uttarakhand]]. In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the [[Lok Sabha]] and [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|state legislative assemblies]] of India were discontinued by the 126th Constitutional Amendment Bill of 2019, when enacted as the [[One Hundred and Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India#:~:text=The One Hundred and Fourth,Lok Sabha and State Legislative|104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/215637.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=25 January 2020|website=egazette.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/government/anglo-indian-mps.html|title=Anglo Indian Members of Parliament (MPs) of India – Powers, Salary, Eligibility, Term|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>

The Article 331 of the Indian Constitution gave reservation to the Anglo-Indian community during the creation of the Constitution, the article 331 also says that this reservation would cease to exist 10 years after the commencement of the Constitution. But this reservation was extended to 1970 through the 8th Amendment. The period of reservation was extended to 1980 through 23rd amendment and then to 1990 through 45th amendments, to 2006 through 62nd amendment, to 2010 through 79th amendments and to 2020 through the 95th Amendment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indialegallive.com/top-news-of-the-day/news/centre-notifies-constitutional-amendment-away-quota-anglo-india-84961|title=Centre notifies constitutional amendment doing away with quota for Anglo Indian|access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref>

== List of Anglo-Indian members in the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly ==
The following is a list of members nominated after each election.<ref>{{Cite web|title=उत्तराखंड में कब-कौन रहा एंग्लो इंडियन विधायक, जानिए|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/news/dehradun/article1-Anglo-Indian-MLAs-who-have-remained-in-Uttarakhand-till-now-809158.amp.html|publisher=[[Hindustan]]|language=hi|access-date=13 July 2024}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Election
! Name
! scope=col colspan=2|Party
! Assembly
! Ref.
|-
! [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| [[Russell Valentine Gardner]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[1st Uttarakhand Assembly|1st Assembly]]
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Nominated MLA takes oath|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/uttarakhand/nominated-mla-takes-oath_766103.html|date=25 March 2012|website=[[Zee News]]|accessdate=16 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
! [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[Karen Meyer Hilton]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[2nd Uttarakhand Assembly|2nd Assembly]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=An Anglo-Indian insurance policy|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/an-angloindian-insurance-policy/article4766706.ece|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=13 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| [[Russell Valentine Gardner]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[3rd Uttarakhand Assembly|3rd Assembly]]
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Congress Wins RS Seat In Uttarakhand|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/congress-wins-rs-seat-in-uttarakhand-15341.html|date=30 March 2012|website=[[India TV]]|access-date=16 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
! [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[George Ivan Gregory Mann]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[4th Uttarakhand Assembly|4th Assembly]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Anglo-Indian George Ivan nominated to assembly|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/anglo-indian-george-ivan-nominated-to-assembly/articleshow/58436212.cms|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=13 July 2024}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha]]
* [[List of former constituencies of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Reserved political positions in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly}}

[[Category:Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Ethnic bodies and representatives elections]]

HDFC Bank AT1 bond misselling case

2026-04-20T04:28:52Z

JunkoQxl0473817:

{{Short description|Bank-led misselling case}}
{{Financial risk types}}

The '''HDFC Bank AT1 bond misselling case''' (also referred to as the '''HDFC AT1 bond scandal''') refers to allegations that staff at [[HDFC Bank]]'s branches in the [[Dubai International Financial Centre]] and [[Bahrain]] missold high-risk US$100–120 million Additional Tier-1 (AT1) bonds issued by [[Credit Suisse]] to [[non-resident Indian]] clients. These bond instruments lost nearly all value when [[Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority]] wrote them down to zero in March 2023 during Credit Suisse's emergency acquisition by [[UBS]].

== Background ==

HDFC Bank's overseas operations in the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain primarily serve NRI clients, often managing foreign currency non-resident (FCNR) deposits. The employees at these overseas branches were reportedly offered AT1 bonds to those NRIs and presented it as safe, fixed-return investments similar to deposits, without full disclosure of their perpetual nature and write-down risks. These were allegedly marketed as high-yield (10–13%), capital-protected or fixed-maturity products. Some investors claimed they signed blank forms or received inadequate risk disclosures. Estimated exposure has been reported in the range of US$100–120 million (approximately ₹800–1,000 crore).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-12 |title=NRIs accuse HDFC Bank officials of fraud, allege misuse of Rs 25-30 crore funds to pay for AT-1 bonds: Report |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/banking-finance-nris-accuse-hdfc-bank-officials-of-fraud-allege-misuse-of-rs-25-30-crore-funds-to-pay-for-at-1-bonds-report-3912163/ |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)]] |language=en}}</ref>

AT1 bonds are hybrid capital instruments designed to absorb losses in times of stress. They are perpetual (or very long-dated), pay discretionary coupons, and can be written down or converted to equity if the issuer's capital ratio falls below a regulatory "point of non-viability" trigger.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cooper |first=Amanda |last2=Ranasinghe |first2=Dhara |date=24 March 2023 |editor-last=Merriman |editor-first=Jane |title=Explainer: What are AT1 bonds and why are Credit Suisse's wiped out? |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/why-markets-are-uproar-over-risky-bank-bond-known-at1-2023-03-24/ |access-date=18 April 2026 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> In March 2023, [[Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority|FINMA]] wrote down approximately US$17 billion of Credit Suisse AT1 bonds to zero as part of the bank's rescue by UBS, resulting in total losses for bondholders.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiderlin |first=Sophie |date=2023-03-20 |title=The $17 billion wipeout of Credit Suisse bondholders has not gone down well in Europe |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/20/17-billion-of-credit-suisse-bonds-worthless-following-ubs-takeover.html |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>

== Investigation ==
The matter gained significant attention in 2025–2026 following customer complaints, regulatory scrutiny by the [[Dubai Financial Services Authority]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farooqui |first=Mazhar |title=UAE: India's HDFC Bank under review for allegedly selling risky bonds to some clients |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/life-and-living/banking-in-uae/hdfc-bank-under-scrutiny-uae-selling-risky-bonds |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}</ref> and debarment from onboarding new clients in Dubai branch<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=2025-09-27 |title=HDFC Bank barred from onboarding new clients in Dubai branch by local regulator |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/hdfc-bank-barred-from-onboarding-new-clients-in-dubai-branch-by-local-regulator/article70101501.ece |access-date=2026-04-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>. The DFSA found that the bank's [[Dubai International Financial Centre]] branch compliance and internal audit functions had been aware of lapses since at least 2020 but failed to escalate or remediate the issues for over five years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barman |first=Arijit |date=2026-04-03 |title=Dubai regulator probe found HDFC’s DIFC branch kept quiet for 5 years, failed to meet integrity standards |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/banking/dubai-regulator-probe-found-hdfcs-difc-branch-kept-quiet-for-5-years-failed-to-meet-integrity-standards/articleshow/129988500.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-04-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Later, an internal investigation by the Bank itself led to series of disciplinary actions against multiple executives<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathew |first=George |date=2026-04-05 |title=AT-1 bond mis-selling case: HDFC Bank acts against 15 executives for alleged role |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/banking-and-finance/at-1-bond-mis-selling-case-hdfc-bank-acts-against-15-executives-for-alleged-role-10619482/ |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-21 |title=HDFC sacks employees for AT1 bond mis-selling |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/hdfc-sacks-employees-for-at1-bond-mis-selling/articleshow/129712113.cms |access-date=2026-04-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jos Pullokaran |first=Jomy |date=2026-03-24 |title=HDFC Bank says three employees removed following GNRC decision on March 9 - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/stocks/hdfc-bank-share-price-says-three-employees-removed-following-gnrc-decision-on-march-9-ws-l-19873836.htm |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>, and the abrupt resignation of former part-time chairman [[Atanu Chakraborty]] in March 2026, who cited differences over "values and ethics."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |last3= |last4= |first4= |date=20 March 2026 |title=HDFC Bank Shares Fall After Chairman Resigns |url=https://money.rediff.com/news/market/hdfc-bank-shares-fall-after-chairman-resigns/43903020260320 |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nayak |first=Siddhi |last2=Doshi |first2=Menaka |last3=Das |first3=Saikat |last4=Singh |first4=Siddharth |date=23 March 2026 |title=Credit Suisse's AT1 Bond Crash Fueled HDFC Leadership Crisis |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-23/credit-suisse-s-at1-bond-crash-fueled-leadership-crisis-at-hdfc |access-date=18 April 2026 |work=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref>

No major public enforcement actions by Indian regulators such as the [[Reserve Bank of India]] or [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] have been prominently reported as of April 2026.

== See also ==

* [[Yes Bank AT1 bond controversy]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite news |last=Nayak |first=Mahesh |date=16 April 2026 |title=HDFC Bank episode a personality-driven aberration |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/banking-finance/hdfc-bank-episode-a-personality-driven-aberration/4209721/ |access-date=18 April 2026 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)]]}}
*{{cite news |last=Moharkan |first=Furquan |date=24 July 2025 |title=HDFC Bank charged with ripping off NRI depositors. Now it is set to pay |url=https://themorningcontext.com/business/hdfc-bank-charged-with-ripping-off-nri-depositors-now-it-is-set-to-pay |access-date=18 April 2026 |work=The Morning Context}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Bank fraud]]
[[Category:Financial scandals]]
[[Category:Fraud in India]]

Shrine of Ibrahim

2026-04-19T13:49:35Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Created Article

{{Infobox religious building
| name = Shrine of Ibrahim
| image =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type =
| map_size =
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| coordinates_footnotes =
| religious_affiliation = Islam
| locale =
| location = [[Bhadresar]]
| deity =
| rite =
| sect =
| tradition =
| festival = 
| cercle =
| sector =
| municipality =
| district =
| territory =
| prefecture =
| state = [[Gujarat]]
| province =
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| country = India
| administration =
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}}
The '''Shrine of [[Abraham in Islam|Ibrahim]]''', known locally as '''Lal Shahbaz Dargah''', was built around 1160 in [[Bhadresar]] in [[Kutch district]], [[Gujarat]], India. It is one of the earliers extant Islamic monuments in India. The shrine is mistakenly attributed to [[Lal Shahbaz Qalandar]], [[Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar|whose shrine]] is instead located in [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shokoohy|first1=Mehrdad|title=Bhadreśvar: The Oldest Islamic Monuments in India|date=1988|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004083417|page=14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NmZzDUYNb0AC}}</ref>

==Shrine==
The shrine, in a small walled enclosure, has a square pyramid shaped dome, round in the inside and supported on eight pillars set against the wall. The roof of the porch is flat is divided in 9×3 small squares, each with lotus flowers inside. Round the architrave, above the vine-ornamented wall-head course, there is a deep line of Arab inscription in large square [[Kufic]] characters, and on the right-end of the wall there are two lines of inscription. In the court some graves also have Kufic inscriptions. These [[epigraphy|epigraph]] constructed in 1160 marked the first use of Kufic script in India. According to an inscription in the monument, it is a shrine to [[Abraham in Islam|Ibrahim]].<ref name="toi2012">{{cite web|title=Epigraphs from Sultanate period in Guj show integration of faiths|work=The Times of India|date=24 February 2012|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOIA/2012/02/24&PageLabel=5&EntityId=Ar00500&ViewMode=HTML|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214142051/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOIA/2012/02/24&PageLabel=5&EntityId=Ar00500&ViewMode=HTML|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 14, 2014|accessdate=14 December 2014|first=Parth|last=Shastri}}</ref><ref name="gb">{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha (Public Domain text)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dLUBAAAAYAAJ|year=1880|publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press|pages=215}}</ref><ref name="Burgess1876">{{cite book|author=James Burgess|author-link=James Burgess (archaeologist)|title=Report on the Antiquities of Kutch & Kathiawar: Being the Result of the Second Season's Operations of the Archaeological Survey of Western India, 1874-1875|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0D9MgEACAAJ|accessdate=27 August 2016|year=1876|publisher=India Museum|location=London|pages=205–210}} [http://www.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/106940 Alt URL]</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham in Islam (Ibrahim)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shrine Of Ibrahim}}
[[Category:Islamic shrines]]
[[Category:Lal Shahbaz Qalandar]]
[[Category:Kutch district]]
[[Category:Mausoleums in Gujarat]]

{{Islam-stub}}

Kovilpalayam Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:51:51Z

JunkoQxl0473817: data

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kovilpalayam
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]]
| loksabha_cons =
| constituency_no =
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| abolished = 1967
| electors = 80,641
}}

'''Kovilpalayam Assembly constituency''' was former [[Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu|state assembly]] constituency in [[Coimbatore district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It existed from the 1951 delimitation to 1967.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
|style="text-align: center;" colspan="4"|'''Madras State'''
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| V . K . Palani Swamy Gounder
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| C. Subramaniam
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| M. P. Muthukaruppasami Kounder
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==

{{Bar box
| float=right
| title= Vote share of winning candidates
| titlebar=#ddd
| width=300px
| barwidth=275px
| bars=
{{Bar percent
| [[#1962|1962]]
| {{Party color|Indian National Congress}}
| 51.22
}}
{{Bar percent
| [[#1957|1957]]
| {{Party color|Indian National Congress}}
| 56.27
}}
{{Bar percent
| [[#1952|1952]]
| {{Party color|Indian National Congress}}
| 54.99
}}
}}

=== 1962 ===

{{Election box begin
| title = [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Koilpalayam<ref>{{Cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = M. P. Muthukaruppasami Kounder
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 27,464
| percentage = 51.22%
| change = -5.05%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = K. Gopal
| party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| votes = 13,636
| percentage = 25.43%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = C. Gurusami Naidu
| party = Praja Socialist Party
| votes = 11,216
| percentage = 20.92%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = S. Krishnasami Gounder
| party = Independent politician
| votes = 1,308
| percentage = 2.44%
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 13,828
| percentage = 25.79%
| change = 7.17%
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 53,624
| percentage = 70.77%
| change = 8.85%
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 80,641
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing = -5.05%
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1957 ===

{{Election box begin
| title = [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Koilpalayam<ref>{{Cite web | last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = C. Subramaniam
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 27,199
| percentage = 56.27%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = C. Guruswamy Naidu
| party = Praja Socialist Party
| votes = 18,202
| percentage = 37.66%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = N. Krishnamurthy
| party = Independent politician
| votes = 2,937
| percentage = 6.08%
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 8,997
| percentage = 18.61%
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 48,338
| percentage = 61.92%
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 78,059
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1952 ===

{{Election box begin
| title = [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Koilpalaiyam
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = V . K . Palani Swamy Gounder
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 20,539
| percentage = 54.99%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Ramaswamy Naidu
| party = Socialist Party (India)
| votes = 10,193
| percentage = 27.29%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Shanmugasundaram Chettiar
| party = Independent politician
| votes = 5,336
| percentage = 14.29%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Stephen
| party = Independent politician
| votes = 1,281
| percentage = 3.43%
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 10,346
| percentage = 27.70%
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 37,349
| percentage = 55.66%
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 67,098
| change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coords|10|44|37.9|N|77|01|25.2|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Coimbatore district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]

{{Coimbatore-geo-stub}}
{{India-constituency-stub}}

Kottur, Karnataka Assembly constituency

2026-04-17T00:47:18Z

JunkoQxl0473817: started

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kottur
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Ballari district|Ballari]]
| division = [[Gulbarga division|Gulbarga]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bellary Lok Sabha constituency|Bellary]]
| constituency_no =
| established = 1978
| reservation = None
| abolished = 2008
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| electors =
}}

'''Kottur Assembly constituency''' was one of the constituencies in [[Karnataka]] state assembly in India until 2008 when it was made defunct. It was part of [[Bellary Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || M. M. J. Sadyoatha || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || B. S. Veerabhadrappa || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan="2" | K. V. Ravindranath Babu || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || T. Marulasiddana Goud
|-
| [[1998 elections in India#Karnataka|1998 By-election]] || rowspan="2" | T. Bhagirathi Marula Siddana Gouda
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Bhagirathi. T
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kottur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bhagirathi. T |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,593 |percentage = 27.37% |change = {{decrease}}24.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. T. Bommanna |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 26,781 |percentage = 24.77% |change = {{increase}}23.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shetty Thindappa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 16,955 |percentage = 15.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Harshavardana. M. M. J |party = Independent politician |votes = 14,004 |percentage = 12.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ravindranath. K. V |party = Janata Party |votes = 7,127 |percentage = 6.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Veeranna |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 4,401 |percentage = 4.07% |change = {{decrease}}0.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivappa. M |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,568 |percentage = 3.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. M. J. Swaroopa Nanda |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,903 |percentage = 2.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Koravathi Shanmukappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,788 |percentage = 1.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,812 |percentage = 2.60% |change = {{decrease}}7.51 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 108,187 |percentage = 65.69% |change = {{decrease}}6.91 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 108,112}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 164,702 |ref = |change = {{increase}}18.92 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}24.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kottur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = T. Bhagirathi Marula Siddana Gouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 49,366 |percentage = 51.81% |change = {{increase}}17.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. M. J. Swaroopa Nanda |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 39,732 |percentage = 41.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Veeranna |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 4,386 |percentage = 4.60% |change = {{decrease}}0.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Budalu Basappa |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,051 |percentage = 1.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. G. Swamy |party = Independent politician |votes = 739 |percentage = 0.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,634 |percentage = 10.11% |change = {{decrease}}0.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 100,543 |percentage = 72.60% |change = {{decrease}}1.70 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 95,274}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,228 |percentage = 5.20% |change = {{decrease}}1.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 138,497 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.13 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}17.37 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1998 elections in India#Karnataka|1998 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Kottur <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/byeelection/BE98/Bye-Feb1998.htm |title=Bye Elections - Feb. 1998 - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 29 October 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041029184500/http://www.eci.gov.in:80/byeelection/BE98/Bye-Feb1998.htm}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = T. Bhagirathi Marula Siddana Gouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,491 |percentage = 34.44% |change = {{decrease}}0.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. M. J. Swaroopa Nanda |party = Lok Shakti |votes = 22,691 |percentage = 24.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Nagaraj |party = Janata Dal |votes = 14,548 |percentage = 15.42% |change = {{decrease}}16.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. T. Bommanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,065 |percentage = 13.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. V. Ravindranath Babu |party = KTVP |votes = 6,597 |percentage = 6.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Veeranna |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 4,436 |percentage = 4.70% |change = {{decrease}}0.08 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,800 |percentage = 10.39% |change = {{increase}}7.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 100,758 |percentage = 74.30% |change = {{increase}}5.00 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 94,331}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 6,309 |percentage = 6.26% |change = {{increase}}3.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 135,615 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.93 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}0.95 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kottur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = T. Marulasiddana Goud |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,922 |percentage = 35.39% |change = {{decrease}}9.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. M. J. Swaroopa Nanda |party = Janata Dal |votes = 27,102 |percentage = 32.06% |change = {{decrease}}3.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. V. Ravindranath Babu |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 20,787 |percentage = 24.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanganna |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 4,041 |percentage = 4.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Thindappa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 2,026 |percentage = 2.40% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Shanmukhappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 582 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,820 |percentage = 3.34% |change = {{decrease}}5.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,082 |percentage = 69.30% |change = {{decrease}}2.63 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 84,547}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,516 |percentage = 2.89% |change = {{decrease}}3.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 125,654 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.61 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}9.68 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kottur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. V. Ravindranath Babu |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 34,161 |percentage = 45.07% |change = {{decrease}}6.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. Chidanandappa |party = Janata Dal |votes = 27,145 |percentage = 35.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kenganavara Jathappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 13,684 |percentage = 18.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,016 |percentage = 9.26% |change = {{increase}}4.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 80,980 |percentage = 71.93% |change = {{decrease}}1.81 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 75,800}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,180 |percentage = 6.40% |change = {{increase}}4.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 112,587 |ref = |change = {{increase}}28.29 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}6.46 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kottur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. V. Ravindranath Babu |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,804 |percentage = 51.53% |change = {{increase}}14.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. S. Veerabhadrappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 29,548 |percentage = 46.41% |change = {{decrease}}15.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. Khalandar |party = Independent politician |votes = 470 |percentage = 0.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,256 |percentage = 5.11% |change = {{decrease}}19.91 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 64,713 |percentage = 73.74% |change = {{increase}}3.99 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 63,661}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,052 |percentage = 1.63% |change = {{decrease}}0.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,762 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.55 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}10.32 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kottur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. S. Veerabhadrappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 34,439 |percentage = 61.85% |change = {{increase}}29.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. M. J. Sadyoatha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,507 |percentage = 36.83% |change = {{increase}}22.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. G. Swamy |party = Independent politician |votes = 736 |percentage = 1.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,932 |percentage = 25.02% |change = {{increase}}8.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 56,919 |percentage = 69.75% |change = {{decrease}}2.58 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 55,682}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,237 |percentage = 2.17% |change = {{decrease}}0.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,603 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.25 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}12.71 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kottur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. M. J. Sadyoatha |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 26,076 |percentage = 49.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. S. Veerabhadrappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 17,401 |percentage = 32.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. Siddanna Goud |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 7,577 |percentage = 14.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Shanmukhappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,307 |percentage = 2.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. M. Panditharadhya |party = Independent politician |votes = 357 |percentage = 0.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. P. Thippeswamy Dore |party = Independent politician |votes = 349 |percentage = 0.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,675 |percentage = 16.35% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 54,525 |percentage = 72.33% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 53,067}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,458 |percentage = 2.67% |change = }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,386 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{Coord|14.824138|76.222020|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Ballari district]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Jagadish Chandra Bose Centre for Advanced Technology

2026-04-16T03:44:03Z

JunkoQxl0473817: done...

{{short description|Research centre in Kolkata}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Jagadish Chandra Bose Centre for Advanced Technology
| image =
| image_size =
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|23|06|2016}}<ref name="gov.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=146457&reg=3&lang=2|website=pib.gov.in|title=Foundation of Advanced Technology Research Centre Laid in Kolkata|access-date=2026-01-15}}</ref>
| budget =
| fields =
| affiliations =
| headquarters = [[Jadavpur University]] West Annex Campus (erstwhile NIL building), [[Jadavpur]], [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| coordinates =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| abbreviation = JCBCAT
| parent_organisation = [[Jadavpur University]] [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]
| website =
}}

'''Jagadish Chandra Bose Centre for Advanced Technology''' ('''JCBCAT''') is a research centre located in [[Jadavpur]], [[Kolkata]], [[India]]. It was established in collaboration of [[Jadavpur University]] and [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]] in 2016 to conduct research on new age technologies with main focus on Unmanned and Robotics Technologies, Secured Systems and Cognitive Technologies, Directed Energy Technologies.<ref name="gov.in"/> It was named after prominent [[India]]n [[Bengali people|Bengali]] scientist Acharya [[Jagadish Chandra Bose]]. Research activities of JCBCAT are managed by DIA-CoE, [[IIT Kharagpur]].<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web | url=https://sansad.in/getFile/loksabhaquestions/annex/184/AU3662_SneKEf.pdf?source=pqals | title=Research and development projects at jcbcat | website=sansad.in}}</ref>

==Formation==
In 2015, the Jagadish Chandra Bose Centre for Advanced Technology (JCBCAT) was proposed by DRDO in collaboration with [[Jadavpur University]], [[Kolkata]] to tackle the limitations of university research and to do larger experiments which could not be done in academic institutions.<ref name="indiatimes">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/drdo-keen-to-start-advanced-research-at-jcbcat/articleshow/48127683.cms|title=DRDO keen to start advanced research at JCBCAT|work=The Times of India |date=July 18, 2015|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> This was also part of the DRDO's venturing into collaboration with various academic institutes (like JU, [[University of Calcutta|CU]], [[Indian Statistical Institute|ISI]]) to attract scholars and academics into defence research.<ref name="indiatimes"/><ref name="thehindu">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/DRDO-and-Jadavpur-varsity-establish-research-centre/article14399196.ece|title=DRDO and Jadavpur varsity establish research centre|work=The Hindu |date=June 23, 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref name="millenniumpost">{{Cite web|url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/drdos-research-centre-to-be-moved-to-nil-building-soon-405381|title=DRDO's research centre to be moved to NIL building soon|first=SOUMITRA|last=NANDI|date=March 15, 2020|website=www.millenniumpost.in}}</ref> In June 2015, it was decided that the research centre will be located in the third campus of JU (known as erstwhile NIL campus), which was leased to JU in 2009.<ref name="indiatimes"/>

On 23 June 2016, Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) signed a MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) with Jadavpur University (JU) to establish an advanced research centre. The foundation stone was laid by Dr. [[S. Christopher|S Christopher]], secretary of Department of the Defence R&D and Director General of DRDO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.projectstoday.com/|title=India's #1 Projects Tracking Platform|website=Projects Today}}</ref> 100 crore had been allocated for setting up the research centre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/top-defence-research-bodys-biggest-ever-alliance-with-jadavpur-university-1422576|title=Top Defence Research Body's Biggest Ever Alliance With Jadavpur University}}</ref> The centre acted as a self accounted unit of DRDO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/drdo-to-start-rs-100-crore-research-centre-at-jadavpur-varsity/articleshow/52884655.cms?from=mdr|title=DRDO to start Rs 100 crore research centre at Jadavpur varsity|work=The Economic Times |date=July 11, 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>

[[File:The Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Director General, DRDO, Dr. S. Christopher inaugurating the Jagadish Chandra Bose Centre for Advanced Technology which is a Research Institute jointly formed by DRDO and Jadavpur.jpg|thumb|During the inauguration of JCBCAT in Jadavpur University main campus]]
[[File:The Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Director General, DRDO, Dr. S. Christopher addressing at the inauguration of the Jagadish Chandra Bose Centre for Advanced Technology which is a Research Institute jointly formed.jpg|thumb|The Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Director General, DRDO, Dr. S. Christopher addressing at the inauguration of JCBCAT on 23rd June 2016, in presence of the Vice Chancellor, Jadavpur University, Prof. Suranjan Das, the Chief Controller, Defence Research and Development (Technology and Management), DRDO, Shri M. Rahman and other dignitaries.<ref name="thehindu"/>]]

In 2020, finally after redevelopment of the JU third campus, 40% of the campus was subleased to DRDO locating JCBCAT and the rest was kept to JU.<ref name="millenniumpost"/>

==Research==
The primary focus of JCBCAT was research in areas of secure systems and cognitive technologies, directed energy, unmanned and robotics technologies, cyber security and other futuristic technologies. Up to 2020, 20 projects were slated to be taken up at the centre and work was started in four or five projects, involving six scientists including its director G G Dutta, four technical officers and two administrative staff members and 100 research scholars.<ref name="millenniumpost"/>

Up to 2025, 24 Grants-in-Aid projects were sanctioned to JCBCAT, in which 21 were completed involving 65 professors, 80 researchers and 63 scientists from DRDO labs.<ref name="auto2"/>

Although JCBCAT was established as self-accounting unit of DRDO, it was changed to academia managed DRDO Industry Academia Centre of Excellence (DIA-CoE), being operated from IIT Kharagpur. As of 2025, the research activities of JCBCAT are managed by DIA-CoE, IIT Kharagpur. The projects of JCBCAT were also transferred to DIA-CoE IIT Kharagpur.<ref name="auto2"/>

DRDO aims to expand the scope of research at JCBCAT by adding new research areas like Underwater Robotics, Cyber physical defence systems and Quality and Reliability and Safety Studies.<ref name="auto2"/>

==See also==
*[[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
*[[Jadavpur University]]
*[[IIT Kharagpur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|West Bengal}}

[[Category:Research institutes in Kolkata]]

Attarintiki Daredi

2026-04-15T18:56:16Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Started

{{Short description|2013 film by Trivikram Srinivas}}
{{Good article}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Attarintiki Daredi.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Trivikram Srinivas]]
| producer = [[B. V. S. N. Prasad]]
| writer = Trivikram Srinivas
| based_on =
| starring = [[Pawan Kalyan]] [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]] [[Pranitha Subhash]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| cinematography = [[Prasad Murella]]
| editing = [[Prawin Pudi]]
| studio = [[Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra]]
| distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|09|27|}}
| country = India
| runtime = 175 minutes
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|187 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2014 |title=South India dominates regional language film industry: report |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/south-india-dominates-regional-language-film-industry-report-114040201268_1.html |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=[[Business Standard]] |quote='Attarintiki Daredi' was the biggest movie release of 2013. The movie earned revenues of almost Rs 187 crore across 1,200 screens with an occupancy rate of 100 per cent across several screens in Andhra Pradesh.}}</ref>
}}
'''{{Lang|te-latn|Attarintiki Daredi}}''' ({{translation|Which way is aunt's home?}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Action film|action]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film written and directed by [[Trivikram Srinivas]]. Produced by [[Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra]] and [[Reliance Entertainment]], the film stars [[Pawan Kalyan]], [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]] and [[Pranitha Subhash]]. [[Nadhiya]], [[Boman Irani]] and [[Brahmanandam]] feature in supporting roles. The [[film score]] and [[soundtrack album]] were composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]]. [[Prasad Murella]] was the cinematographer.

The film focuses on Gautham Nanda, a business heir who acts as a driver in his estranged aunt Sunanda's house to mend her strained relationship with his grandfather Raghunandan who expelled her for marrying against his wishes years before. [[Principal photography]] began in January 2013 and ended in July 2013, with the film being primarily shot in and around [[Hyderabad]]. Significant portions were shot in [[Pollachi]] and [[Europe]].

Prior to the film's release, on 22 September 2013, 90-minute [[footage]] of the film was leaked online and was widely shared leading to a delay in its release. The film was released on 27 September 2013 and received critical acclaim. Despite the leak of half of the film prior to its release, {{Lang|te-latn|Attarintiki Daredi}} became the highest grossing Telugu film of all time surpassing ''[[Magadheera]]'' (2009). It was later surpassed by ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' (2015).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anjuri |first=Pravallika |date=2015-07-14 |title=Baahubali Becomes The New Industry Hit, Beats Pawan Kalyan's Attarintiki Daredi |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/baahubali-beats-attarintiki-daredi-becomes-new-industry-hit-190464.html |access-date=2025-08-08 |website= |language=en}}</ref> The film won five [[Nandi Awards]], four [[Filmfare Awards South]], and the B. Nagi Reddy Memorial Award. It was remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Ranna (film)|Ranna]]'' (2015), in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as ''[[Abhimaan (2016 film)|Abhiman]]'' (2016) and in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Vantha Rajavathaan Varuven]]'' (2019).

== Plot ==
In [[Milan]], [[Business magnate|business tycoon]] Raghunandan reveals to his grandson, Gautham Nanda, his wish to mend relations with his estranged daughter Sunanda, whom he disowned for marrying Rajashekar against his wishes. Determined to reconcile the family before Raghunandan's 80th birthday, Gautham travels to Hyderabad, India. Disguised as a driver named Siddhartha, he earns the trust of Rajashekar, who has suffered a heart attack, and his family by admitting Rajashekar to the hospital.

Gautham, posing as Siddhartha, is hired as a driver by Sunanda and befriends her eldest daughter, Prameela, while Sunanda's second daughter, Sasi, grows suspicious of him and his friend Paddu, Rajashekar's nurse. Sunanda discloses to Gautham that she is aware of who he is and warns him from doing anything with an intent to take her back to Raghunandan whom she refuses to forgive as the latter shot Rajashekar in his arm in a fit of rage when they got married after eloping. Gautham saves Prameela from a suicide attempt and she divulges that she was trying to run away with Rohith, whom Gautham assumed to be the kidnapper. Prameela requests Gautham to bring Rohith to her as he is being forced to marry Neelamani, daughter of a fierce factionist Siddhappa Naidu, the very next day and Gautham obliges to her plea.

Gautham and Paddu travel to Siddhappa's village to retrieve Rohith, but Sasi inadvertently falls into their jeep and suffers from amnesia. To protect her, Gautham pretends to be her lover, whom she ran away with against her mother's wishes. Gautham and Paddu successfully rescue Rohith, but are pursued by Siddhappa and his men. During a confrontation, Sasi regains her memory. Siddhappa then confronts Rajashekar and Sunanda, demanding compensation for the damage caused to her daughter and their reputation. To prevent further conflict, Sunanda offers to get Sasi married to Siddhappa's elder son and Rajashekar dismisses Gautham from his job. Sasi confesses her love for Gautham, which is overheard by her cousin.

Baddham Bhaskar, an affluent [[Indian diaspora|NRI]] and Siddhappa's nephew, arrives as a guest at Sunanda's home. Sunanda reveals to her assistant Murthy that Bhaskar was her previous assistant, who had become wealthy by discovering diamonds in a plot he bought in [[Uganda]] with the ₹2 [[lakh]] he stole from her. Gautham traps Bhaskar, who has a penchant for women and desires to marry Sasi and joins him as his assistant, entering Sunanda's residence with his support.

Bhaskar's conspiracies to get close to Sasi are constantly thwarted by Gautham who takes Sasi to the railway station for eloping to [[Chennai]] apparently. Siddhappa's men arrive at the station after learning from Sasi's cousin about her love for Gautham but the latter thrashes them and Sasi perceives Gautham's true identity and his intentions. Rajashekar arrives at the station and attempts to shoot Gautham. Gautham wonders that if Raghunandan was wrong at that time for shooting Rajashekar then why is the latter doing the same right now. Gautham reflects on Raghunandan's past actions and reveals that after Sunanda eloped with Rajashekar, Raghunandan, overwhelmed with guilt, accidentally killed Gautham's mother Pooja while trying to shoot himself. Despite this tragedy, Gautham and his father had forgiven Raghunandan.

Realizing their errors, Rajashekar and Sunanda reconcile with Gautham and agree to mend their relationship with Raghunandan. Bhaskar, seeking revenge, kidnaps Sasi, but Gautham and Paddu rescue her. Bhaskar discovers that the [[Politics of Uganda|Ugandan government]] has seized his wealth, leaving him with only ₹2 lakh. Sunanda travels to Milan with her family, publicly supporting Raghunandan during a board meeting and endorsing Gautham as the new CEO of the company.

The film concludes with Bhaskar resuming his position as Sunanda's assistant, and Raghunandan expressing his affection for Gautham, solidifying the family's reconciliation and unity as the entire family eat together happily..

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Pawan Kalyan]] as Gautham Nanda / Siddartha "Siddhu"
* [[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]] as Sasirekha “Sasi”, Gautham's wife
* [[Pranitha Subhash]] as Prameela, Sasi's sister
* [[Nadhiya]] as Sunanda, Rajashekhar’s wife and mother of Sasi and Prameela
* [[Boman Irani]] as Raghunandan
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Baddam Bhaskar (Siddhappa Naidu's Nephew)
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as Rajashekhar, Sunanda’s husband and father of Sasi and Prameela
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Siddhappa Naidu
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Paddu
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as Balu
* [[Mukesh Rishi]] as Hari, Gautham's father
* [[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]] as Pooja, Gautham's mother
* [[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Raja Ratnam
* [[Navika Kotia]] as Sasi's younger sister
* [[Raghu Babu]] as Murthy
* [[Dhanraj (Telugu comedian)|Dhanraj]] as Sasi's kidnapper
* [[Venu Yeldandi|Venu]] as Sasi's kidnapper
* [[Srinivasa Reddy]] as Baddam Bhaskar's assistant
* [[Ahuti Prasad]] as Rohith's father
* [[Brahmaji]] as Rajashekhar's brother
* [[Pruthviraj Balireddy|Pruthviraj]] as Paata Basti Parameswar
* [[Sameer Hasan]] as ACP
* [[Hema (actress)|Hema]] as Rajashekhar's relative
* [[Vamsi Krishna]] as Praveen Nalla
* [[Bharath Reddy (actor)|Bharath Reddy]] as Rohith
* [[Pradeep Machiraju]] as Shekhar's relative
* Delhi Rajeswari as Shekhar's relative
* [[Sivannarayana Naripeddi]] as Rajashekhar's relative
* [[Rajitha]] as Rajashekhar's relative
* Narra Srinu as Siddhu's assistant
* [[Ravi Prakash]] as Siddhappa Naidu's son
* [[Amit Tiwari]] as Siddhappa Naidu's son
* [[Hari Teja]] as Neelamani
* [[Fish Venkat]] as Siddhappa Naidu's henchman
* [[Chitram Srinu]] as Siddhappa Naidu's henchman
* [[Prabhakar (Telugu actor)|Prabhakar]] as Siddhappa Naidu's henchman
* [[Shatru (actor)|Shatru]] as Prameela's kidnapper
* [[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]] as Prameela's kidnapper
*Madhavi<ref>{{Cite web |last=kavirayani |first=suresh |date=9 July 2016 |title=An actress by chance: Madhavi talks about her struggle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/090716/an-actress-by-chance-madhavi-talks-about-her-struggle.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709070206/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/090716/an-actress-by-chance-madhavi-talks-about-her-struggle.html |archive-date=9 July 2016 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>
* [[Devi Sri Prasad]] (special appearance) in "Ninnu Chudagane" song
* [[Hamsa Nandini]] (special appearance) in "It's Time To Party" song<ref name="Four" />
* [[Mumtaj]] (special appearance) in "It's Time To Party" song<ref name="Four">{{Cite news |last=Pasupulate |first=Karthik |date=9 July 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan special song with four actresses |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Pawan-Kalyan-special-song-with-four-actresses/articleshow/20992873.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126050303/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Pawan-Kalyan-special-song-with-four-actresses/articleshow/20992873.cms |archive-date=26 January 2015 |access-date=20 January 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
[[Trivikram Srinivas]] planned to direct [[Pawan Kalyan]] in a film produced by [[D. V. V. Danayya]] and narrated the script in late January 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2011 |title=Pawan in Trivikram's next |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-in-trivikram-s-next-news-telugu-lbvpj8dadfcsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115125716/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-in-trivikram-s-next-news-telugu-lbvpj8dadfcsi.html |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> However, Srinivas later began ''[[Julayi]]'' (2012) while Kalyan was working on ''[[Gabbar Singh (film)|Gabbar Singh]]'' (2012) and ''[[Cameraman Gangatho Rambabu]]'' (2012). The technical crew of Kalyan's and Srinivas's previous collaboration, ''[[Jalsa]]'' (2008), were selected to work on the film.<ref name="Jalsa">{{Cite web |date=21 March 2012 |title=Jalsa team returns |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/jalsa-team-returns-news-telugu-mdvoGncadbbsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115125703/http://www.sify.com/movies/jalsa-team-returns-news-telugu-mdvoGncadbbsi.html |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[B. V. S. N. Prasad]] was expected to produce {{Lang|te-latn|Attarintiki Daredi}} while Kalyan was expected to allot dates in his schedule from October 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |last=A. S. |first=Sashidhar |date=14 August 2012 |title=BVSN Prasad to produce Pawan Kalyan's film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/BVSN-Prasad-to-produce-Pawan-Kalyans-film/articleshow/15489957.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115124917/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/BVSN-Prasad-to-produce-Pawan-Kalyans-film/articleshow/15489957.cms |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Srinivas gave finishing touches to the script in late September 2012 and [[Reliance Entertainment]] was confirmed to co-produce.<ref>{{Cite news |last=A. S. |first=Sashidhar |date=28 September 2012 |title=Pawan Kalyan's new movie in November |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-new-movie-in-November/articleshow/16585789.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116143356/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-new-movie-in-November/articleshow/16585789.cms |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Devi Sri Prasad]] was selected as the music director and the music sittings were held at [[Barcelona]] during the location scout in December 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2012 |title=DSP joins Pawan, Trivikram in Spain |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dsp-joins-pawan-trivikram-in-spain-news-telugu-mmnju5bejegsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116142737/http://www.sify.com/movies/dsp-joins-pawan-trivikram-in-spain-news-telugu-mmnju5bejegsi.html |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

{{Lang|te-latn|Attarintiki Daredi}} was launched on 23 November 2012 at [[Venkateswara]] temple in [[Film Nagar]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=A. S. |first=Sashidhar |date=23 November 2012 |title=Pawan Kalyan-Trivikram film launched |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-Trivikram-film-launched/articleshow/17335718.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115125545/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-Trivikram-film-launched/articleshow/17335718.cms |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> He hinted that the script will depict the Telugu culture and traditions with a strong message.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 October 2012 |title=Pawan Kalyan's new film is Hare Rama Hare Krishna? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-new-film-is-Hare-Rama-Hare-Krishna/articleshow/17017947.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115125617/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-new-film-is-Hare-Rama-Hare-Krishna/articleshow/17017947.cms |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Prasad Murella]] handled the cinematography and few sequences were shot using a [[Mark Roberts Motion Control|Milo robotic camera]] which B. V. S. N. Prasad brought in from Mumbai as it was unavailable in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2013 |title=Milo camera for Pawan Kalyan – Trivikram film |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/pawankalyan-trivikram-milo.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116143043/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/pawankalyan-trivikram-milo.html |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |publisher=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> In mid July 2013, the title was confirmed to be {{Lang|te-latn|Attarintiki Daredi}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pasupulate |first=Karthik |date=10 July 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan-Trivikram film launched |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Atharintiki-Daredi-title-confirmed/articleshow/21002822.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115125649/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Atharintiki-Daredi-title-confirmed/articleshow/21002822.cms |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Kalyan opted for a complete makeover and sported a look resembling the one he sported in his previous films ''[[Kushi (2001 film)|Kushi]]'' (2001) and ''Jalsa''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=A. S. |first=Sashidhar |date=7 February 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan's look in Trivikram's film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-look-in-Trivikrams-film/articleshow/18379895.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121092353/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-look-in-Trivikrams-film/articleshow/18379895.cms |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2013 |title=Pawan in a new avatar! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-in-a-new-avatar-news-telugu-nclpiPchfjfsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115153045/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-in-a-new-avatar-news-telugu-nclpiPchfjfsi.html |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> After Srinivas narrated the script to Kalyan, he asked him who would play the role of his aunt and Srinivas replied it would be [[Nadhiya]]. Kalyan gave his approval for Srinivas's selection and Nadhiya was selected before she signed her comeback film in Telugu, ''[[Mirchi (film)|Mirchi]]'' (2013). Srinivas narrated the script in a conversation with her over the telephone. After she accepted, he said that he would ask her dates after their schedules were planned.<ref name="Nadhiya">{{Cite news |date=17 October 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan directed a scene in AD |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-directed-a-scene-in-AD/articleshow/24280366.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115152747/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-directed-a-scene-in-AD/articleshow/24280366.cms |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> She later revealed that she was scared of being typecast but did the role only on Srinivas' insistence and added that the character's emotions were set quite well.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chowdary |first=Y. Sunita |date=12 October 2013 |title=Etcetera: Feeling positive |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/etcetera-feeling-positive/article5228795.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115152749/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/etcetera-feeling-positive/article5228795.ece |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

Srinivas decided to cast [[Ileana D'Cruz]] as the female lead who worked with him on ''Jalsa'' and ''Julayi''.<ref name="Jalsa" /> [[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]] was confirmed as the female lead in late October 2012 which marked her first collaboration with Kalyan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2012 |title=Samantha-Pawan Kalyan combo confirmed |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/samantha-pawan-kalyan-combo-confirmed-news-telugu-mk0qtGjhcbisi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115153052/http://www.sify.com/movies/samantha-pawan-kalyan-combo-confirmed-news-telugu-mk0qtGjhcbisi.html |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The second female lead was yet to be selected. By the end of December 2012, most of the films which were in the pre-production phase were confirming their female leads. Because of this the production unit decided to begin the shoot without confirming the other heroine.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 December 2012 |title=Wanted heroine for Pawan Kalyan |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Wanted-heroine-for-Pawan-Kalyan/articleshow/17823829.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115152950/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Wanted-heroine-for-Pawan-Kalyan/articleshow/17823829.cms |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

[[Pranitha Subhash]] was selected as the second female lead in early January 2013 and was confirmed to play Samantha's sister.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 January 2013 |title=Pranitha to romance Pawan Kalyan |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pranitha-to-romance-Pawan-Kalyan/articleshow/17912107.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115153037/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pranitha-to-romance-Pawan-Kalyan/articleshow/17912107.cms |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Pranitha called it a lifetime opportunity and said that she would be seen in a "very sweet, girl-next-door character."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pasupulate |first=Karthik |date=18 March 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan brings great intensity to the screen: Pranitha |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-brings-great-intensity-to-the-screen-Pranitha/articleshow/19038251.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115153149/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-brings-great-intensity-to-the-screen-Pranitha/articleshow/19038251.cms |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Boman Irani]] made his debut in Telugu with {{Lang|te-latn|Attarintiki Daredi}};<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2013 |title=Bollywood actor Boman Irani to feature in Pawan Kalyan's movie |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bollywood-actor-boman-irani-to-feature-in-pawan-kalyans-movie/370941-71-216.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115153255/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bollywood-actor-boman-irani-to-feature-in-pawan-kalyans-movie/370941-71-216.html |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |publisher=[[IBN Live]]}}</ref> he played Raghunandan, the grandfather of Kalyan's character.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chakpak |date=23 October 2013 |title=Boman Irani impressed with Tollywood |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131023/entertainment-tollywood/article/boman-irani-impressed-tollywood |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115153253/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131023/entertainment-tollywood/article/boman-irani-impressed-tollywood |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] played the role of Sidhappa Naidu for which he sported a realistic and rugged look.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 2013 |title=Kota Srinivas Rao on the sets of Pawan's film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Kota-Srinivas-Rao-on-the-sets-of-Pawans-film/articleshow/18749178.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116105748/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Kota-Srinivas-Rao-on-the-sets-of-Pawans-film/articleshow/18749178.cms |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Navika Kotia was selected for the role of the younger sister of Samantha and Pranitha in April 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Agarwal |first=Stuti |date=24 May 2013 |title=Yeh Rishta's Chikki bags a Telugu film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Yeh-Rishtas-Chikki-bags-a-Telugu-film/articleshow/20240436.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115153251/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Yeh-Rishtas-Chikki-bags-a-Telugu-film/articleshow/20240436.cms |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

Srinivas did not cast his regular associate [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] in the film. Since Sunil's success of ''[[Maryada Ramanna]]'' (2010) and ''[[Poola Rangadu (2012 film)|Poola Rangadu]]'' (2012) as a lead actor, Srinivas felt that it would not be fair to make him play a comedian.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2013 |title=Don't want to bring down Sunil |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/don-t-want-to-bring-down-sunil-news-telugu-nkdrh5bibffsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115154103/http://www.sify.com/movies/don-t-want-to-bring-down-sunil-news-telugu-nkdrh5bibffsi.html |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Rao Ramesh, [[Mukesh Rishi]], [[Brahmanandam]], [[Ali (actor)|Ali]], [[M. S. Narayana]] and [[Posani Krishna Murali]] were cast in supporting roles.<ref name="Hindu Review">{{Cite news |last=Devi Dundoo |first=Sangeetha |date=29 September 2013 |title=Way to a mass entertainer |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/way-to-a-mass-entertainer/article5180284.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115153503/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/way-to-a-mass-entertainer/article5180284.ece |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

[[Mumtaj]] and [[Hamsa Nandini]] were confirmed to make special appearances in the song "It's Time To Party" marking the former's comeback in Telugu cinema after 12 years after anchor Anasuya refused the offer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2013 |title=Kushi Mumtaz to shake a leg with Pawan Kalyan |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kushi-mumtaz-to-shake-a-leg-with-pawan-kalyan-news-telugu-nhosjxjgibbsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115153919/http://www.sify.com/movies/kushi-mumtaz-to-shake-a-leg-with-pawan-kalyan-news-telugu-nhosjxjgibbsi.html |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2013 |title=Anasuya irks Pawan Kalyan fans |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/anasuya-irks-pawan-kalyan-fans-news-telugu-nkpmKKcgbejsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115153727/http://www.sify.com/movies/anasuya-irks-pawan-kalyan-fans-news-telugu-nkpmKKcgbejsi.html |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
{{Quote box
| width = 30%
| align = right
| quote = "While shooting scenes with Nadhiya, I used to laugh out loud due to her dialogue delivery. Since she wasn't perfect in Telugu, I used to laugh whenever she tried to mouth dialogue. Nadhiya complained to Pawan that she can't do the scene if Trivikram is there on sets. Then Pawan took over the charge and sent me out and he directed the whole scene. I came after a while and saw the output and said okay."
| source = [[Trivikram Srinivas]], on one of the incidents during the film's shoot.<ref name="Nadhiya" />
}}

B. V. S. N. Prasad stated during the film's launch that [[principal photography]] would begin in mid-December 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2012 |title=Pawan, Trivikram film launched |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-trivikram-film-launched-news-telugu-mlxsjhcjhhfsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103151/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-trivikram-film-launched-news-telugu-mlxsjhcjhhfsi.html |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Kalyan searched for new locations in Spain as the story demanded a foreign location and around 30 to 45 days of shooting schedule was planned there. It was the first time Kalyan went for a location hunt and returned in the last week of December 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2012 |title=Pawan Kalyan tours Spain |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-kalyan-tours-spain-news-telugu-mmlm90ehgcbsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103144/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-kalyan-tours-spain-news-telugu-mmlm90ehgcbsi.html |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Due to unknown reasons, the film's shoot was postponed to 8 January 2013 in late December 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 December 2012 |title=Pawan Kalyan-Trivikram film from Jan 8 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-Trivikram-film-from-Jan-8/articleshow/17794026.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103144/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-Trivikram-film-from-Jan-8/articleshow/17794026.cms |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

Shooting finally commenced from 24 January 2013 at a private hotel in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan back on the sets |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-kalyan-back-on-the-sets-news-telugu-nbymE8edahfsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103341/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-kalyan-back-on-the-sets-news-telugu-nbymE8edahfsi.html |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The team planned a new schedule from 4 February 2013 in [[Pollachi]] where scenes on Kalyan, Samantha and other support cast were planned to be shot.<ref>{{Cite news |last=A. S. |first=Sashidhar |date=30 January 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan's film to be shot in Pollachi |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-film-to-be-shot-in-Pollachi/articleshow/18253310.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103335/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-film-to-be-shot-in-Pollachi/articleshow/18253310.cms |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The schedule was postponed to 15 February 2013 and Srinivas continued the shoot in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 February 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan's film shoot delayed |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-film-shoot-delayed/articleshow/18349882.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103337/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-film-shoot-delayed/articleshow/18349882.cms |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> After shooting for a few days in Hyderabad at a private mall, the planned schedule at Pollachi began from 12 February 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |last=A. S. |first=Sashidhar |date=11 February 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan's film to resume shooting |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-film-to-resume-shooting/articleshow/18444903.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103509/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-film-to-resume-shooting/articleshow/18444903.cms |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

[[File:Ramoji Film City.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ramoji Film City]], where {{Lang|te-latn|Attarintiki Daredi}} was significantly shot.]]
An action sequence featuring Kalyan and other cast members was shot in late February 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 February 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan's film progressing in Pollachi |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-film-progressing-in-Pollachi/articleshow/18641756.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103512/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-film-progressing-in-Pollachi/articleshow/18641756.cms |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The next schedule commenced from 1 March 2013 at a specially erected set at [[Ramoji Film City]] in Hyderabad where scenes featuring Kalyan and the other cast members were shot.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan to resume shooting for Trivikram's film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-to-resume-shooting-for-Trivikrams-film/articleshow/18746095.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103514/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-to-resume-shooting-for-Trivikrams-film/articleshow/18746095.cms |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> A few crucial scenes featuring the lead actors were shot there in early April 2013. Art director Ravindar supervised for the special set, which was worth {{Indian Rupee}}3 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2013 |title=Costly set for Pawan Kalyan's film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Costly-set-for-Pawan-Kalyans-film/articleshow/19380285.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103624/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Costly-set-for-Pawan-Kalyans-film/articleshow/19380285.cms |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> By mid-April 2013, a major portion of the film was shot there. Kalyan and the film's unit planned to leave for Spain to shoot important sequences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2013 |title=Update on Pawan's next |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/update-on-pawan-s-next-news-telugu-nets4sgfeiisi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103635/http://www.sify.com/movies/update-on-pawan-s-next-news-telugu-nets4sgfeiisi.html |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

Scenes featuring the lead cast were shot in the end of April 2013 in a railway station set erected at Ramoji Film City.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 April 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan's film progressing in RFC |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-film-progressing-in-RFC/articleshow/19801065.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103628/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-film-progressing-in-RFC/articleshow/19801065.cms |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> A new schedule began at Ramoji Film City from 2 May 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 April 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan's film to release in Aug |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-film-to-release-in-Aug/articleshow/19725463.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120102357/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-film-to-release-in-Aug/articleshow/19725463.cms |archive-date=20 January 2015 |access-date=20 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

Filming then moved to [[Europe]] on 5 June 2013 for a long schedule in which three songs, a few speaking portions and an action sequence were planned to be shot.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2013 |title=Pawan-Trivikram film's first look to be out soon |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-trivikram-film-s-first-look-to-be-out-soon-news-telugu-nf3nQIidjcdsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121093532/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-trivikram-film-s-first-look-to-be-out-soon-news-telugu-nf3nQIidjcdsi.html |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Kalyan's introduction scene was shot in Switzerland which cost around {{Indian Rupee}}2 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 June 2013 |title=2 crores for Pawan Kalyan's introduction scene |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/2-crores-for-Pawan-Kalyans-introduction-scene/articleshow/20711734.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103928/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/2-crores-for-Pawan-Kalyans-introduction-scene/articleshow/20711734.cms |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The introduction scene, which was also an action sequence, was shot on an island located in Spain using helicopters under the supervision of Peter Hein. Post-production activities were done simultaneously and [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbing]] for the film's first half was completed. The team returned from Milan on 2 July 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2013 |title=Pawan is back, Choppers used for island fight shoot, 1st half dubbing is complete |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/pawanisback-choppersusedforislandfightshoot.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116104021/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/pawanisback-choppersusedforislandfightshoot.html |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |publisher=Idlebrain.com}}</ref>

The song "Its Time to Party", which primarily features Kalyan, Samantha, Pranitha, Mumtaj and Hamsa Nandini was choreographed by Ganesh and was shot in a pub set erected by Anand Sai at Annapurna 7 Acres Studios.<ref name="Four" /> Principal photography [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] on 14 July 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2013 |title=First look poster of Attarintiki Daredi |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/First-look-poster-of-Attarintiki-Daredi/articleshow/21055248.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121092700/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/First-look-poster-of-Attarintiki-Daredi/articleshow/21055248.cms |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Themes and influences ==
{{Lang|te-latn|Attarintiki Daredi}} focuses on a young man's journey trying to convince his estranged paternal aunt to reconcile with the family.<ref name="NY Times">{{Cite news |last=Karri |first=Sriram |date=26 December 2013 |title=Bad Scripts and Politics Make for a Bad Year in Tollywood |url=http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/26/bad-scripts-and-politics-make-for-a-bad-year-in-tollywood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620054803/http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/26/bad-scripts-and-politics-make-for-a-bad-year-in-tollywood/?_r=0 |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=19 January 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In its review, [[Sify]] felt that the film's story was a reversal of ''[[Nuvvu Naaku Nachav]]'' (2001) and ''[[Parugu]]'' (2008).<ref name="sify review">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2013 |title=Movie Review : Attharintiki Daaredi |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/attharintiki-daaredi-review-telugu-15039545.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119135741/http://www.sify.com/movies/attharintiki-daaredi-review-telugu-15039545.html |archive-date=19 January 2015 |access-date=19 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}} {{Rating|4|5}}</ref> Kalyan's character, Gautham, is shown watching a few films,{{efn|The films that Pawan Kalyan watches, in the order in which they are screened before him by [[M. S. Narayana]], are ''[[Taxi Ramudu]]'' (1961), ''[[Donga Ramudu (1955 film)|Donga Ramudu]]'' (1955) and ''[[Gang Leader]]'' (1991).<ref>''Attarintiki Daredi'' (DVD). Clip from 36:07 to 36:52.</ref>}} where the protagonist is in disguise trying to win over people who matter to him.<ref name="curse">{{Cite news |last=Devi Dundoo |first=Sangeetha |date=28 December 2013 |title=The curse of the cliché |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-curse-of-the-clich/article5509390.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119140048/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-curse-of-the-clich/article5509390.ece |archive-date=19 January 2015 |access-date=19 January 2015 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> In the film, Brahmanandam's character spoofs the [[Ridley Scott]] film, ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]'' (2000) named ''Radiator'' and wins the ''Bascar'' awards founded by himself after being inspired from the [[Academy Awards]].<ref name="Hindu Review" />

The [[Mythology|mythological tale]] of [[Ahalya#Seduction by Indra|Indra seducing Ahalya]] after disguising as her husband Gautama and the curse cast by Gautama on them is parodied in the film with Brahmanandam playing a key role.<ref name="curse" /> Two songs were parodied: one of them being a devotional song "Kaatama Rayuda" written by the poet Etla Ramadasa and composed by [[V. Nagayya]] for the film ''[[Sumangali (1940 film)|Sumangali]]'' (1940) and the other an [[item number]] "Kevvu Keka" written by Sahithi and composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]] for the film ''[[Gabbar Singh (film)|Gabbar Singh]]'' (2012).<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2014 |title=Attarintiki Daredi Movie "Kevvu Keka" Video Song |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmX3KFm-1D0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211115/hmX3KFm-1D0 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |access-date=19 January 2015 |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=[[Aditya Music]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> A scene from the film, popularly known as the "badam tree" episode, was based on a similar scene from the 2012 English film ''[[A Thousand Words (film)|A Thousand Words]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 May 2015 |title=Too good to resist? Just rip it off! |url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31809&articlexml=Too-good-to-resistJust-rip-it-off-06052015101050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509054453/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31809&articlexml=Too-good-to-resistJust-rip-it-off-06052015101050 |archive-date=2015-05-09 |access-date=9 May 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Attarintiki Daredi (soundtrack)}}

[[Devi Sri Prasad]] composed the soundtrack album which consists of six songs. [[Sri Mani]], [[Ramajogayya Sastry]] and Prasad himself wrote the lyrics for the soundtrack album, which was marketed by [[Aditya Music]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2013 |title=Track list |url=http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/Attarrintiki-Daaredi-songs-A0003177 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211102017/http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/Attarrintiki-Daaredi-songs-A0003177 |archive-date=11 February 2015 |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The album was released on 19 July 2013 in a promotional event at the [[Shilpakala Vedika]] with the film's cast and crew attending the event. The soundtrack album received positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 July 2013 |title=Attarintiki Daredi audio launched |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Attarintiki-Daredi-audio-launched/articleshow/21184355.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211101842/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Attarintiki-Daredi-audio-launched/articleshow/21184355.cms |archive-date=11 February 2015 |access-date=11 February 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Release ==
In late April 2013, ''Attarintiki Daredi'' was expected to release on 7 August 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2013 |title=Pawan film to release on August 7th! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-film-to-release-on-august-7th-news-telugu-ne0rvrfffhasi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120124137/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-film-to-release-on-august-7th-news-telugu-ne0rvrfffhasi.html |archive-date=20 January 2015 |access-date=20 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

=== Distribution ===
The theatrical rights in the Nizam region were acquired by Global Cinemas in late April 2013 for a then undisclosed record price,<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 April 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan Trivikram's movie sold for record price |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-Trivikrams-movie-sold-for-record-price/articleshow/19717296.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121091118/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-Trivikrams-movie-sold-for-record-price/articleshow/19717296.cms |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> which was revealed later as {{Indian Rupee}}12 crore in early June 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan, Trivikram off to Europe |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-kalyan-trivikram-off-to-europe-news-telugu-ngkmBpjadcisi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116103759/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-kalyan-trivikram-off-to-europe-news-telugu-ngkmBpjadcisi.html |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> My3{{efn|Pronounced as Mythri.}} Movies announced on 26 April 2013 that they acquired the overseas distribution and DVD rights of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2013 |title=My3 Movies overseas films - 3 big projects |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/my3-usamovies.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121091129/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/my3-usamovies.html |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |publisher=Idlebrain.com}}</ref> Y. Naveen, who financed several overseas distribution firms, acquired this film's overseas rights on behalf of My3 Movies for {{Indian Rupee}}7 crore which, according to [[Sify]], was "a big gamble".<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2013 |title=Pawan's next overseas rights sold for Rs 7 Cr? |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-s-next-overseas-rights-sold-for-rs-7-cr-news-telugu-nezqqnaibgesi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121091232/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-s-next-overseas-rights-sold-for-rs-7-cr-news-telugu-nezqqnaibgesi.html |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Colours Media acquired the distribution rights in the United Kingdom from My3 Movies in late July 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2013 |title=YEVADU & ATHARINTIKI DAREDI in UK |url=http://idlebrain.com/abroad/yevadu-atharintikidaredi-uk.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121091231/http://idlebrain.com/abroad/yevadu-atharintikidaredi-uk.html |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |publisher=Idlebrain.com}}</ref> Lorgan Entertainments acquired the theatrical distribution rights in Australia in early August 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2013 |title=Yevadu, Atharintiki Daredi & Ramayya Vastavayya in Australia by Lorgan Entertainment |url=http://idlebrain.com/abroad/yevadu-atharintikidaredi-ramayyavastavayya-australia.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121091344/http://idlebrain.com/abroad/yevadu-atharintikidaredi-ramayyavastavayya-australia.html |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |publisher=Idlebrain.com}}</ref>

=== Marketing ===

The first look poster featuring Kalyan in a red shirt and dark cargo pants was unveiled on 13 July 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2013 |title=Atharintiki Daaredhi — First Look |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/atharintiki-daaredhi-first-look-news-telugu-nhoszFdcdeasi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121100148/http://www.sify.com/movies/atharintiki-daaredhi-first-look-news-telugu-nhoszFdcdeasi.html |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

The theatrical trailer was released on 19 July 2013 to positive reviews. ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote in its trailer review, "High on commercial value, the slick trailer of ''Attarintiki Daaredhi'' is a mix of action, comedy, romance and drama in appropriate proportions. Trivikram hasn't compromised on anything, including special punch lines for Pawan Kalyan, which he mouths in his signature style with a hint of sarcasm."<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |date=20 July 2013 |title='Attarintiki Daaredhi' trailer celebrates entertainment |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/attarintiki-daaredhi-trailer-celebrates-entertainment-news-national-nhuokgeiaiesi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121100323/http://www.sify.com/movies/attarintiki-daaredhi-trailer-celebrates-entertainment-news-national-nhuokgeiaiesi.html |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

The video featuring Kalyan recording the song "Kaatama Rayuda" was released on 4 August 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan's Kaatam Rayuda song released |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-Kaatam-Rayuda-song-released/articleshow/21594615.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121132301/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-Kaatam-Rayuda-song-released/articleshow/21594615.cms |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The video received positive response and according to a report by ''[[The Times of India]]'', Kalyan's fans were of the opinion that the song composed by Devi Sri Prasad reminded them of the song sung by Kalyan in the film ''[[Thammudu]]'' (1999).<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 August 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan's Kaatama Rayuda song gets great response |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-Kaatama-Rayuda-song-gets-great-response/articleshow/21618034.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121132327/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-Kaatama-Rayuda-song-gets-great-response/articleshow/21618034.cms |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> In late October 2013, the makers planned to add two more scenes as a promotional stunt to discourage copyright infringement.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chakpak |date=24 October 2013 |title=New scenes to be added to 'Attarintiki Daredi'? |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131024/entertainment-tollywood/article/new-scenes-be-added-attarintiki-daredi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121132216/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131024/entertainment-tollywood/article/new-scenes-be-added-attarintiki-daredi |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Six minutes of footage were added to the film this version was screened from 31 October 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 October 2013 |title=Watch Attarintiki Daredi new scenes from Oct 31 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Watch-Attarintiki-Daredi-new-scenes-from-Oct-31/articleshow/24817034.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121132149/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Watch-Attarintiki-Daredi-new-scenes-from-Oct-31/articleshow/24817034.cms |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Piracy ===
On the night of 22 September 2013, a 90-minute piece of footage was leaked online and was widely shared. B. V. S. N. Prasad filed a complaint the following day against the copyright violation, and sought cyber-protection for ''Attarintiki Daredi''. Because of this incident, the film's release was delayed to 27 September 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 September 2013 |title=Attarinkti Daredi footage leaked |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Attarinkti-Daredi-footage-leaked/articleshow/22929047.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121150617/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Attarinkti-Daredi-footage-leaked/articleshow/22929047.cms |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The film's female lead, Samantha, as well as other celebrities such as [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]], [[Harish Shankar]], [[S. S. Rajamouli]], [[Ram Gopal Varma]] and [[Nithiin]], condemned the unauthorised distribution act.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 September 2013 |title=Celebs condemn the piracy act of Attarintiki Daredi |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Celebs-condemn-the-piracy-act-of-Attarintiki-Daredi/articleshow/22929711.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121150619/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Celebs-condemn-the-piracy-act-of-Attarintiki-Daredi/articleshow/22929711.cms |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> However, police initially suspected that the incident might be a publicity stunt enacted by people who invested in the film.<ref name="IT1">{{Cite news |date=25 September 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan film piracy a publicity stunt? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Pawan-Kalyan-film-piracy-a-publicity-stunt/articleshow/23012151.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121150801/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Pawan-Kalyan-film-piracy-a-publicity-stunt/articleshow/23012151.cms |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

On being informed about the alleged sale of the movie in different electronic formats in the CD and mobile shops in [[Pedana]] town, [[Superintendent (police)|Superintendent of Police]] J. Prabhakara Rao deployed a special team, led by Pedana Rural Circle Inspector A. Pallapu Raju, to investigate the issue. The police launched a hunt for unlicensed compact discs in the CD shops across the district. [[Compact discs|CDs]] and [[Hard disk drive|hard disks]] from [[Video rental shop|video parlours]] and shops renting CDs in the [[Krishna district]] were seized, and some of the shop owners were taken into custody for [[interrogation|questioning]].<ref name="IT1" /> Kalyan's fans went out into the streets, with signs containing slogans protesting the piracy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 September 2013 |title=Police raid CD shops |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/police-raid-cd-shops/article5162670.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121150804/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/police-raid-cd-shops/article5162670.ece |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Subsequent to their investigation, the police arrested five people, in addition to production assistant Cheekati Arunkumar, and recovered several illegitimate copies of the film on 20 September 2013. Arunkumar had worked as a production assistant for the films ''[[Oosaravelli]]'' (2011) and ''[[Ongole Gittha]]'' (2013), both of which were produced by B. V. S. N. Prasad.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 September 2013 |title=5 held in 'Attarintiki Daradi' piracy case |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/5-held-in-attarintiki-daradi-piracy-case/article5169964.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121150805/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/5-held-in-attarintiki-daradi-piracy-case/article5169964.ece |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

Prabhakara Rao told the media that Arunkumar had given a copy of the DVD to his friend and Hyderabad-based APSP constable, Katta Ravi, who sent it to his friend, V. Sudheer Kumar, on 14 September 2013. Pedana-based [[videographer]] Poranki Suresh got the [[Digital Video Disc|DVD]] from Sudheer Kumar, and later gave it to Kollipalli Anil Kumar, who owns the Devi Mobiles and Cell repair shop in Pedana. Anil Kumar had uploaded the two-part movie into his system, and sold the 60-minute part-one of the movie to his customers in different formats. Anil Kumar deleted the original file in his system after learning about the police raids. However, he confessed to the crime during the investigation. Based on the information given by Anil Kumar, a special team led by [[Machilipatnam]] [[Deputy superintendent of police|DSP]] K.V. Srinivasa Rao, with the support of the Crime Investigation Department, Hyderabad, arrested the suspects in Hyderabad. The police filed charges on 24 September 2013, against the five suspects under clauses 63, 65 and 66 of the Copyright (Amendment Bill) 2010 and 429 IPC.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 September 2013 |title=Five nabbed in piracy case of film |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/five-nabbed-in-piracy-case-of-film/article5169573.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121150931/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/five-nabbed-in-piracy-case-of-film/article5169573.ece |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

Kalyan and Srinivas decided to return a significant portion of their remuneration to help Prasad overcome the financial crisis caused by the leak.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 September 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan & Trivikram stand by BVSN Prasad |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-Trivikram-stand-by-BVSN-Prasad/articleshow/23060831.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121150932/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyan-Trivikram-stand-by-BVSN-Prasad/articleshow/23060831.cms |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Samantha returned her entire salary to the producers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2013 |title=Samantha returns her remuneration |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/samantha-returns-her-remuneration/425506-71-180.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121150934/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/samantha-returns-her-remuneration/425506-71-180.html |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |publisher=IBN Live}}</ref> Kalyan remained silent during the entire issue, but finally spoke at length about the episode at the "Thank You Meet" of the film on 14 October 2013. He said that this was a conspiracy and not piracy. He added that he was very well aware of the facts as to who was behind the leak of the film and will not spare anyone and will strike when the time is right.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2013 |title=Powerstar speaks about AD's piracy |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/powerstar-speaks-about-ad-s-piracy-news-telugu-nkpncCgchjdsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121151041/http://www.sify.com/movies/powerstar-speaks-about-ad-s-piracy-news-telugu-nkpncCgchjdsi.html |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The television broadcast rights were sold to an unknown channel in mid June 2013 for an amount of {{Indian Rupee}}9 crore which happened to be the highest amount that a television channel paid for the telecast rights of a Telugu film till the sale of rights of ''[[Aagadu]]'' (2014) to [[Gemini TV]] in June 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2013 |title=Rs 9 Cr for satellite rights? |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/rs-9-cr-for-satellite-rights-news-telugu-ngomsWbgeegsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124103213/http://www.sify.com/movies/rs-9-cr-for-satellite-rights-news-telugu-ngomsWbgeegsi.html |archive-date=24 January 2015 |access-date=24 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The Indian DVD and Blu-ray were marketed by Volga Videos.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Attarintiki Daredi (Movie, DVD) |url=http://www.flipkart.com/attarintiki-daredi/p/itmds7xwf3hyfgqk?pid=AVMDS7VZZB8JTB3R&otracker=from-search&srno=t_1&query=attarintiki&ref=b225155a-a85d-44d8-8a88-9019b90d4d95 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124105437/http://www.flipkart.com/attarintiki-daredi/p/itmds7xwf3hyfgqk?pid=AVMDS7VZZB8JTB3R&otracker=from-search&srno=t_1&query=attarintiki&ref=b225155a-a85d-44d8-8a88-9019b90d4d95 |archive-date=24 January 2015 |access-date=24 January 2015 |publisher=Flipkart.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Attarintiki Daredi (Movie, Blu-ray) |url=http://www.flipkart.com/attarintiki-daredi/p/itmds7xwf3hyfgqk?pid=AVMDS7VZSXC3XXSU&otracker=from-search&srno=t_3&query=attarintiki&ref=b225155a-a85d-44d8-8a88-9019b90d4d95 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124105535/http://www.flipkart.com/attarintiki-daredi/p/itmds7xwf3hyfgqk?pid=AVMDS7VZSXC3XXSU&otracker=from-search&srno=t_3&query=attarintiki&ref=b225155a-a85d-44d8-8a88-9019b90d4d95 |archive-date=24 January 2015 |access-date=24 January 2015 |publisher=Flipkart.com}}</ref> The overseas DVD and Blu-ray were marketed by Bhavani Videos.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2013 |title=Attarintiki Daaredi Telugu DVD |url=http://www.njmtv.com/attarintiki_attarintiki-daaredi-telugu-dvd_pawan-kalyan-boman-irani-nadhiya-samantha-pranitha-brahmanandam-ali-10489.html#link10489 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124104849/http://www.njmtv.com/attarintiki_attarintiki-daaredi-telugu-dvd_pawan-kalyan-boman-irani-nadhiya-samantha-pranitha-brahmanandam-ali-10489.html |archive-date=24 January 2015 |access-date=24 January 2015 |publisher=njmtv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2013 |title=Attarintiki Daaredi Telugu Blu Ray |url=http://www.njmtv.com/attarintiki_attarintiki-daaredi-telugu-blu-ray_pawan-kalyan-boman-irani-nadhiya-samantha-pranitha-brahmanandam-ali-10490.html#link10490 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213123148/http://www.njmtv.com/attarintiki_attarintiki-daaredi-telugu-blu-ray_pawan-kalyan-boman-irani-nadhiya-samantha-pranitha-brahmanandam-ali-10490.html |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=24 January 2015 |publisher=njmtv.com}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical reception ===
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Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' praised the film's climax scene, while also stating that Trivikram Srinivas makes his presence felt before concluding that the film is, "A good dose of fun, tailored for the box office."<ref name="Hindu Review" /> Ch. Sushil Rao of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film four out of five stars and wrote "The movie is a worth watch. The reasons: Pawan Kalyan's comedy, fights composed by Peter Hein, Trivikram Srinivas' writing skills, Prasad Murella's cinematography, and Devi Sri Prasad's music. That there is promise in the movie is a feeling one gets right from the opening scenes which are dramatic".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sushil Rao |first=Ch. |date=27 September 2013 |title=Attarintiki Daredi Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Attarintiki-Daredi/movie-review/23167231.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302103743/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Attarintiki-Daredi/movie-review/23167231.cms |archive-date=2 March 2015 |access-date=22 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}} {{Rating|4|5}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' rated the film four out of five and stated "If you are looking for sheer entertainment, know that Pawan Kalyan and Trivikram have gift packed for you with high dose of comedy. It is entertainment, entertainment and entertainment. Pawan Kalyan`s histrionics, his performances and Trivikram`s handling of the simple story in an effective way is what makes ''Attharintiki Daaredhi'' a big entertainer".<ref name="sify review" />

Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated the film four out of five and praised Srinivas' script and added that Kalyan's performance and Srinivas' story telling skill "makes sure that your heart is touched at times and heartily laugh all the time while watching the movie".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeevi |date=27 September 2013 |title=Atharintiki Daaredi review |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/atharintikidaaredi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122093728/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/atharintikidaaredi.html |archive-date=22 January 2015 |access-date=22 January 2015 |publisher=Idlebrain.com}} {{Rating|4|5}}</ref>

In contrast, Sridhar Vivan of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five and criticised the film's first half and felt that the "real entertainment" began only after the entry of Brahmanandam's character. He too praised Kalyan's performance and the film's climax and Srinivas' direction.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vivan |first=Sridhar |date=28 September 2013 |title=Review of Attarintiki Dariyedi |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Review-of-Attarintiki-Dariyedi/articleshow/23170362.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122092638/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/reviews/Review-of-Attarintiki-Dariyedi/articleshow/23170362.cms |archive-date=22 January 2015 |access-date=22 January 2015 |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}} {{Rating|2.5|5}}</ref> Radhika Rajamani of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five; she praised the performances of the cast but called ''Attarintiki Daredi'', "a stylish film which does not rise above being a routine family entertainer."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |date=27 September 2013 |title=Review: Attarintiki Daaredi is Pawan Kalyan's show! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-attarintiki-daaredi-is-pawan-kalyans-show/20130927.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122080510/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-attarintiki-daaredi-is-pawan-kalyans-show/20130927.htm |archive-date=22 January 2015 |access-date=22 January 2015 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}} {{Rating|2.5|5}}</ref> ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five and wrote "Unfortunately, Trivikram succumbs to star pressure and churns out a highly disappointing product. At nearly three hours, the film makes you cringe in your seats, especially with the emotional punch it delivers in the climax".<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=28 September 2013 |title='Attarintiki Daaredhi': aspirational but shallow (IANS Telugu Movie Review) |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/attarintiki-daaredhi-aspirational-but-shallow-ians-telugu-movie-review-news-national-nj2mu9jjgidsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122090853/http://www.sify.com/movies/attarintiki-daaredhi-aspirational-but-shallow-ians-telugu-movie-review-news-national-nj2mu9jjgidsi.html |archive-date=22 January 2015 |access-date=22 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}} {{Rating|2.5|5}}</ref> Sandeep Atreysa of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' rated the film one-and-a-half out of five and felt that the film was made only for Kalyan's passionate fans and for others, this film would appear to be "high on style and low on content". He called Kalyan's performance as the only "[[Silver lining (idiom)|silver lining]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Atreysa |first=Sandeep |date=28 September 2013 |title='Attarintiki Daaredi' review: High on style, low on content |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130927/entertainment-movie-reviews/article/attarintiki-daaredi-review-high-style-low-content |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014175300/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130927/entertainment-movie-reviews/article/attarintiki-daaredi-review-high-style-low-content |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=22 January 2015 |work=Deccan Chronicle}} {{Rating|1.5|5}}</ref>

== Box office ==
The film collected a share of {{INRConvert|33.56|c|year=2013}} by the end of its three-day first weekend.<ref name="Weekend 1 IANS">{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=30 September 2013 |title='Attarintiki Daaredhi' mints Rs. 33.52 crore worldwide in first weekend |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/attarintiki-daaredhi-mints-rs-33-52-crore-worldwide-in-first-weekend-news-national-nj4sk9gggicsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125101404/http://www.sify.com/movies/attarintiki-daaredhi-mints-rs-33-52-crore-worldwide-in-first-weekend-news-national-nj4sk9gggicsi.html |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=25 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

=== India ===
''Attarinitki Daredi'' collected {{INRConvert|10.89|c|year=2013}} on its first day at the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam{{efn|For film trade purpose, the Nizam region includes the three districts of [[Kalaburagi district|Kalaburagi]], [[Bidar district|Bidar]], and [[Raichur district|Raichur]] in [[Karnataka]] and seven districts in the [[Marathwada]] region including [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Latur district|Latur]], [[Nanded district|Nanded]], [[Parbhani district|Parbhani]], [[Beed district|Beed]], [[Jalna district|Jalna]] and [[Osmanabad district|Osmanabad]] apart from the state of [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2013 |title=Nizam territory will remain indispensable for Tollywood |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nizam-territory-will-remain-indispensable-for-Tollywood/articleshow/21499426.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215082550/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nizam-territory-will-remain-indispensable-for-Tollywood/articleshow/21499426.cms |archive-date=15 February 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>}} regions breaking the previous opening day record set by ''[[Baadshah (2013 film)|Baadshah]]''.<ref name="Day 1 IANS">{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=28 September 2013 |title=Rs. 10.89 crore opening for 'Attarintiki Daaredhi' in Andhra |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/rs-10-89-crore-opening-for-attarintiki-daaredhi-in-andhra-news-national-nj2mE7cdfbfsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125101214/http://www.sify.com/movies/rs-10-89-crore-opening-for-attarintiki-daaredhi-in-andhra-news-national-nj2mE7cdfbfsi.html |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=25 January 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film collected {{INRConvert|22.71|c|year=2013}} at the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions, {{INRConvert|3|c|year=2013}} together in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and {{INRConvert|1.66|c|year=2013}} in the rest of India by the end of its three-day first weekend taking its worldwide total to {{INRConvert|33.52|c|year=2013}}.<ref name="Weekend 1 IANS" />

By the end of its first week, the film collected {{INRConvert|35.05|c|year=2013}} at the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions and {{INRConvert|5|c|year=2013}} from other states.<ref name="5 Oct">{{Cite web |last=Seshagiri |first=Sangeetha |date=5 October 2013 |title='Attarintiki Daredi' Box Office Collection: How has Pawan Kalyan-Starrer Performed in Other States? |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/039attarintiki-daredi039-box-office-collection-how-has-pawan-kalyan-starrer-performed-in-other-states-511551 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125101600/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/039attarintiki-daredi039-box-office-collection-how-has-pawan-kalyan-starrer-performed-in-other-states-511551 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=25 January 2015 |publisher=International Business Times India}}</ref> The film grossed {{INRConvert|1.08|c|year=2013}} in its first weekend and {{INRConvert|1.45|c|year=2013}} in its first week with a net collection of {{INRConvert|1.05|c|year=2013}} and distributor share of approximately {{INRConvert|0.5|c|year=2013}} at Tamil Nadu Box office thus creating a then all-time record for a Telugu film in the state according to trade analyst Sreedhar Pillai who felt that the film's collections had dropped due to the release of ''[[Raja Rani (2013 film)|Raja Rani]]'' and ''[[Idharkuthane Aasaipattai Balakumara]]'' in the same week.<ref name="TN Karnataka">{{Cite news |last=Sasidhar |first=A. S. |date=30 September 2013 |title=Pawan's Attarintiki Daredi breaks all records |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawans-Attarintiki-Daredi-breaks-all-records/articleshow/23290795.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125101558/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pawans-Attarintiki-Daredi-breaks-all-records/articleshow/23290795.cms |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=25 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The film earned {{INRConvert|2.5|c|year=2013}} in its first weekend and {{INRConvert|4.11|c|year=2013}} nett in its first week at Karnataka and also created an all-time record for a Telugu film.<ref name="5 Oct" /><ref name="TN Karnataka" /> Adarsh reported that the ''Attarintiki Daredi'' earned {{INRConvert|1.58|c|year=2013}} in Mumbai and Kerala.<ref name="5 Oct" />

The film collected {{INRConvert|58|c|year=2013}} at the Andhra Pradesh and Nizam regions in six weeks. The film completed a 50-day run in around 170 theatres on 15 November 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pasupulate |first=Karthik |date=12 November 2013 |title=Attarintiki Daredi 50-day record |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Attarintiki-Daredi-50-day-record/articleshow/25654480.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125145737/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Attarintiki-Daredi-50-day-record/articleshow/25654480.cms |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=25 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> On the 100th day of its theatrical run, ''Attarintiki Daredi'' was screened in four centres in Nizam, eleven in Ceded, one in Vishakhapatnam, four each in Krishna and Guntur, six and two centres in East and West Godavari respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2013 |title=Attarintiki Daredi 100 days in 32 centers |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Attarintiki-Daredi-100-days-in-32-centers/articleshow/28052491.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125150017/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Attarintiki-Daredi-100-days-in-32-centers/articleshow/28052491.cms |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=25 January 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Overseas ===
According to Adarsh, the film collected {{INRConvert|2.67|c|year=2013}} from paid previews in the United States box office.<ref name="Day 1 IANS" /> The film collected {{INRConvert|6.15|c|year=2013}} in the first three days at United States box office.<ref name="Weekend 1 IANS" /> According to Adarsh, the film was the third biggest opener in the United States in 2013 after ''Chennai Express'' and ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'' and was the only Indian film apart from the other two to feature in the list of top 15 openers of 2013 in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 2013 |title=Top 3 USA openers- Chennai Express, YJHD & Attarintiki Daredi |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Attarintiki-Daredi-Chennai-Express-Yeh-Jaawani-Hai-Deewani/articleshow/23345050.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125101756/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Attarintiki-Daredi-Chennai-Express-Yeh-Jaawani-Hai-Deewani/articleshow/23345050.cms |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=25 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ceremony
! Category
! Nominee
! Result
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|B. Nagi Reddy Memorial Award
|Best Telugu Family Entertainer
|[[B. V. S. N. Prasad]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2014 |title=Attarintiki Daredi gets B Nagi Reddy award |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Attarintiki-Daredi-gets-B-Nagi-Reddy-award/articleshow/33240835.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125161244/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Attarintiki-Daredi-gets-B-Nagi-Reddy-award/articleshow/33240835.cms |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=25 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5" |[[Nandi Awards of 2013]]
|[[Nandi Award for Best Popular Feature Film|Best Popular Feature Film]]
|B. V. S. N. Prasad
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|[[Nadhiya]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Nandi Award for Best Dialogue Writer|Best Dialogue Writer]]
|[[Trivikram Srinivas]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Nandi Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Nandi Award for Best Male Dubbing Artist|Best Male Dubbing Artist]]
|[[P. Ravi Shankar]]
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan="9"|[[61st Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu]]
|B. V. S. N. Prasad
|{{won}}
| rowspan="9" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2014 |title=Winners list: 61st Idea Filmfare Awards (South) |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Winners-list-61st-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-South/articleshow/38287405.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125160859/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Winners-list-61st-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-South/articleshow/38287405.cms |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=22 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu]]
|[[Trivikram Srinivas]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]]
|[[Pawan Kalyan]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]]
|[[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu]]
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu]]
|[[Nadhiya]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu]]
|[[Pranitha Subhash]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu]]
|[[Sri Mani]] for "Aaradugula Bullet"
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]] for "Bapu Gari Bommo"
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="12"|[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Film (Telugu)]]
|B. V. S. N. Prasad
|{{won}}
| rowspan="12" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 September 2014 |title=2014 SIIMA award winners list |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/2014-SIIMA-award-winners-list/articleshow/42547641.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125161032/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/2014-SIIMA-award-winners-list/articleshow/42547641.cms |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=22 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Director (Telugu)]]
|[[Trivikram Srinivas]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actor (Telugu)]]
|[[Pawan Kalyan]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress (Telugu)]]
|[[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Cinematographer (Telugu)]]
|[[Prasad Murella]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Music Director (Telugu)]]
|Devi Sri Prasad
|{{won}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Male Playback Singer (Telugu)]]
|Shankar Mahadevan for "Bapu Gari Bommo"
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Lyricist (Telugu)]]
|Sri Mani for "Aaradugula Bullet"
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor (Telugu)]]
|[[Boman Irani]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actress (Telugu)]]
|Nadhiya
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Fight Choreographer
|[[Peter Hein]]
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Dance Choreographer
|Ganesh for "Its Time to Party"
|{{nom}}
|-

|}

== Remakes ==
The film was remade into Kannada as ''[[Ranna (film)|Ranna]]'' in 2015 directed by [[Nanda Kishore]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2014 |title=Sudeep's Attarintiki Daredi remake to be named Ranna? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Sudeeps-Attarintiki-Daredi-remake-to-be-named-Ranna/articleshow/40909497.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128102401/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Sudeeps-Attarintiki-Daredi-remake-to-be-named-Ranna/articleshow/40909497.cms |archive-date=28 January 2015 |access-date=28 January 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> and [[Sundar C]] directed the Tamil remake ''[[Vantha Rajavathaan Varuven]]'' which was released in 2019,<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 2018 |title=Simbu and Sundar C team up for the remake of Attarinitiki Daredi |url=http://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/aug/14/simbu-and-sundar-c-to-team-up-for-the-remake-of-attarinitiki-daredi-7431.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180822043212/http://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/aug/14/simbu-and-sundar-c-to-team-up-for-the-remake-of-attarinitiki-daredi-7431.html |archive-date=22 August 2018 |access-date=22 August 2018 |work=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> and [[Raj Chakraborty]] directed the Bengali remake ''[[Abhimaan (2016 film)|Abhiman]]'' (2016).

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|25em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=3042926}}

{{Trivikram Srinivas}}
{{Nandi Award for Best Popular Feature Film}}
{{Filmfare Best Telugu Film}}
{{SIMMA Award for Best Film - Telugu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2010s action comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films directed by Trivikram Srinivas]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Trivikram Srinivas]]
[[Category:Films scored by Devi Sri Prasad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Spain]]
[[Category:Films shot in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pollachi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Italy]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2013 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2013 masala films]]
[[Category:Reliance Entertainment films]]

National Stadium, Karachi

2026-03-25T04:15:54Z

JunkoQxl0473817: further enhance formatting for clarity and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Cricket stadium in Karachi, Pakistan}}
{{about|the cricket ground in Karachi||National Stadium}}
{{Redirect|National Bank Stadium|the cricket ground in [[Clifton, Karachi]]|National Bank of Pakistan Sports Complex}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox venue
| name = National Stadium
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| nickname =
| logo_image =
| logo_size =
| logo_caption =
| image = NationalStadium Karachi Pak vs Eng.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = National Stadium in 2022 during a match between [[England cricket team|England]] and [[Pakistan men's national cricket team|Pakistan]]
| country = [[Pakistan]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|24|53|46|N|67|4|53|E|type:landmark}}
| former_names =
| city = [[Karachi]]
| capacity = 30,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2525044/champions-trophy-2025-national-stadium-seating-capacity-reduced-after-renovation|title=National Stadium Karachi seating capacity decreased after renovation|date=28 January 2025|website=The Express Tribune}}</ref>
| owner = [[Pakistan Cricket Board]]
| operator = [[Pakistan Cricket Board]]
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| public_transit = {{rint|Bus}} National Stadium
| embedded = {{Infobox cricket ground
| embed = yes
| country = [[Pakistan]]
| location = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]
| establishment = {{start date and age|1955|04|21}}
| tenants = [[Pakistan national cricket team]] [[Karachi Kings]]
| end1 =
| end2 =
| international = true
| firsttestdate = 26 February–1 March
| firsttestyear = 1955
| firsttesthome = Pakistan
| firsttestaway = India
| lasttestdate = 2–6 January
| lasttestyear = 2023
| lasttesthome = Pakistan
| lasttestaway = New Zealand
| firstodidate = 21 November
| firstodiyear = 1980
| firstodihome = Pakistan
| firstodiaway = West Indies
| lastodidate = 1 March
| lastodiyear = 2025
| lastodihome = South Africa
| lastodiaway = England
| firstt20idate = 20 April
| firstt20iyear = 2008
| firstt20ihome = Pakistan
| firstt20iaway = Bangladesh
| lastt20idate = 25 September
| lastt20iyear = 2022
| lastt20ihome = Pakistan
| lastt20iaway = England

| onlywtestdate = 15–18 March
| onlywtestyear = 2004
| onlywtesthome = Pakistan
| onlywtestaway = West Indies
| firstwodidate = 9 April
| firstwodiyear = 2001
| firstwodihome = Pakistan
| firstwodiaway = Netherlands
| lastwodidate = 23 April
| lastwodiyear = 2024
| lastwodihome = Pakistan
| lastwodiaway = West Indies
| firstwt20idate = 1 September
| firstwt20iyear = 2023
| firstwt20ihome = Pakistan
| firstwt20iaway = South Africa
| lastwt20idate = 3 May
| lastwt20iyear = 2024
| lastwt20ihome = Pakistan
| lastwt20iaway = West Indies
| date = 3 May 2024
| source = http://cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/ground/58956.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
}}

The '''National Stadium''', officially known as the '''National Bank Stadium''', is an international [[cricket ground]] in [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]], owned by the [[Pakistan Cricket Board]]. It is the home ground of the [[Karachi Kings]] franchise in [[Pakistan Super League]] and other [[Cricket in Pakistan|domestic cricket teams]] of Sindh.

It was built in the early 1950s under the supervision of senior civil engineer Abdul Rasheed Khan (WP) and Kafiluddin, and was formally inaugurated in April 1955. In October 2022, the [[National Bank of Pakistan]] and the [[Pakistan Cricket Board|PCB]] agreed to a five-year naming-rights agreement, and the stadium was renamed as National Bank Cricket Arena.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1716865 | title=PCB renames National Stadium Karachi under 5-year MoU | date=25 October 2022 }}</ref><ref name="rename">{{cite web |title=National Stadium in Karachi to be renamed National Bank Cricket Arena |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/national-stadium-in-karachi-to-be-renamed-national-bank-cricket-arena-1341678 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

The [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan cricket team]] have a remarkable [[Test cricket|Test]] record at the ground and is known as the fortress of Pakistan cricket.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Team records. Test matches. ESPNcricinfo |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;ground=487;team=7;template=results;type=team;view=results |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> The stadium has witnessed several memorable moments, such as [[Viv Richards]] 181 against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] at the [[1987 Cricket World Cup]], [[Mohammad Yousuf (cricketer, born 1974)|Mohammad Yousuf]]'s record ninth century of the year to break [[Viv Richards]]' record of most runs in a calendar year, and [[Kamran Akmal]]'s famous century against [[India national cricket team|India]] on a very difficult [[Cricket pitch|pitch]] in 2006, after [[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistan]] had collapsed to 39 for 6, in a memorable come-from-behind victory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Pakistan vs India 3rd Test 2005/06 - Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-pakistan-2005-06-208839/pakistan-vs-india-3rd-test-234783/full-scorecard |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:National Stadium, Karachi.jpg|thumb|left|Entrance of the National Stadium]]
National Stadium was established in April 1955. At that time, Karachi was the capital of Pakistan, but the only cricket ground was the one at the [[Karachi Gymkhana]] which had limited seating capacity.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Faridi |first=Dr. Salman |date=27 September 2020 |title=National Stadium Karachi – the fortress of Pakistan cricket. Sports. thenews.com.pk |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/720513-national-stadium-karachi-the-fortress-of-pakistan-cricket |access-date=23 September 2022 |website=[[The News International]]}}</ref> A plan was formulated to develop a new stadium for which a plot of land measuring 174.5 acres was acquired by the [[Pakistan Public Works Department]] through the Commissioner of Karachi.<ref name="auto"/> After which under the guidance of Mr. Kafiluddin Ahmed, a senior civil engineer from [[East Pakistan]] and Mr. Abdul Rasheed Khan, a senior civil engineer from [[West Pakistan]] and was formally inaugurated in April 1955. the stadium was built which became [[Karachi]]'s fifth and Pakistan's 11th first-class ground.<ref name="auto"/>

The inaugural first-class match was played at NSK between [[Pakistan]] and [[India]] on 20–24 April 1955, and it became a fortress of Pakistan cricket.<ref name="Dawn">{{Cite web |last=Paracha |first=Nadeem F. |author-link=Nadeem F. Paracha |date=10 March 2017 |title=Stadium stories: Famous Pakistan cricket grounds |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1319194 |access-date=11 March 2017 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> In 34 Tests between that first match and December 2000, [[Pakistan]] won 17 and were never beaten. They lost their first Test on the ground against [[England]] in 2000–01.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Pakistan vs England 3rd Test 2000/01 - Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-pakistan-2000-01-61759/pakistan-vs-england-3rd-test-63901/full-scorecard |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Andrew |date=16 August 2009 |title=A win in the dark |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/a-win-in-the-dark-419183 |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

During the 1980s, the stadium also hosted international [[Association football|football]] matches, and was chosen as venue for the [[1982 Quaid-e-Azam International Tournament]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Quaid-E-Azam International Cup (Pakistan) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesq/quaid-e-azam.html#82 |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=www.rsssf.org}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2006-07-29 |title=SPORTS WORLD: Lyariites mourn Brazil's defeat: PFF striving to develop football on modern lines |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/3303250 |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=Brecorder |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Sport |first=Dawn |date=2010-11-11 |title=Pakistan aim to get good result against Oman in Asiad football |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/580656/pakistan-aim-to-get-good-result-against-oman-in-asiad-football |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

In November 1989, [[Sachin Tendulkar]] and [[Waqar Younis]] played their first test match in this stadium.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2021 |title=On This Day in 1989, Sachin Tendulkar and Waqar Younis Made Their Test Debuts Together |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/on-this-day-in-1989-sachin-tendulkar-and-waqar-younis-made-their-test-debuts-together-4443401.html |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=[[News18 India|News18]] |language=en}}</ref>

The first ODI at the National Stadium was against [[West Indies]] on 21 November 1980, and it went down to the last ball as [[Gordon Greenidge]] drove [[Imran Khan]] imperiously to the cover boundary with three needed. It has been a far less successful limited-overs venue, with defeats outnumbering victories. In fact, in a little under five years from the start of 1996, [[Pakistan]] failed to win on the ground. It also staged a quarter-final match in the [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996 World Cup]].

A 75 meter long, 44 meter wide screen was installed at the ground in 2007 at a cost of Rs. 7 million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-06-15 |title=Replay screens to be installed by Sept |url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/251861/replay-screens-to-be-installed-by-sept |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-09-26 |title=Large re-play screen being installed at National Stadium Karachi |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=29803 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926041126/http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=29803 |archive-date=26 September 2008 |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=[[The News International]]}}</ref>

In September 2019, the [[Pakistan Cricket Board]] named it as one of the venues to host matches in the [[2019–20 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2 September 2019 |title=PCB releases Quaid-e-Azam Trophy 2019-20 schedule |url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/pcb-releases-quaid-e-azam-trophy-2019-20-schedule.html |access-date=3 September 2019 |work=[[Pakistan Cricket Board]] }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In October 2022, the [[Pakistan Cricket Board]] renamed the stadium from National Stadium Karachi to the National Bank Cricket Arena after signing a successful deal with the [[National Bank of Pakistan]] (NBP) for 5 years. This was the first naming-rights deal for a stadium in Pakistan. According to the agreement, the NBP will be permitted to utilize the venue's signs and nomenclature outside of the playing area.<ref name="rename" />

=== Return of international cricket ===
[[File:National Cricket Stadium, karachi - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Bird's-eye view]] of the stadium in 2011]]
[[Pakistan Cricket Board|PCB]] Chairman [[Najam Sethi]] announced in 2017 that Karachi's National Stadium will host the final match of [[2018 Pakistan Super League]] on 25 March 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Zeeshan |date=2018-02-11 |title=ICC security consultant says PSL 2018 final rehearsal an 'impressive presentation' |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1388765 |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref> The stadium's [[Changing room|dressing rooms]] and VIP boxes were renovated for the final, along with the [[Cricket pitch|pitch]] and [[Outfield (cricket)|outfield]]. Around 800 [[CCTV]] cameras and several elevators were also installed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Hamza |date=2018-02-15 |title=Karachi braces for PSL: National Stadium's renovation enters final stage |url=http://www.brecorder.com/news/399165 |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=[[Business Recorder]] |language=en}}</ref> Around Rs. 1.5 billion was spent on this renovation, which was being done for the first time since the [[1996 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=9 March 2018 |title=Karachi's National Stadium being renovated for PSL 2018 final. Pakistan Today |url=https://archive.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/03/09/karachis-national-stadium-being-renovated-for-psl-2018-final/ |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=[[Pakistan Today]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309195440/https://archive.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/03/09/karachis-national-stadium-being-renovated-for-psl-2018-final/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The historic match, which was played between [[Islamabad United]] and [[Peshawar Zalmi]], saw the return of international stars to National Stadium after a gap of nine years, ended up being relatively one-sided, as the [[2016 Pakistan Super League|2016 champions]] Islamabad United were crowned champions once again.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Majeed |first=Zohaib Ahmed |date=2018-03-25 |title=Islamabad United defeat Peshawar Zalmi, reclaim PSL title |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1397482 |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref> The match was the first major cricket event since 2009 in the port city and it was highly welcomed by crowds and the stadium witnessed packed house for the big game. In order to make it a successful event, many security forces were deployed in and around the stadium to maintain the law and order situation, by their efforts the event was held successfully.

In 2017, PCB Chairman had announced that [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] would tour Pakistan for 3 match T20I series which were scheduled to be played in Lahore, the fixtures were to be played in November 2017. However, early in November 2017, reports announced that the West Indies team would not be travelling to Pakistan over security concerns. The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) chairman Najam Sethi stated that the original schedule was changed due to unforeseen weather, logistic issues and challenges with security. In March 2018, the PCB confirmed that the [[West Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 2017–18|fixtures]] would take place in April at the National Stadium in Karachi after the conclusion of PSL 2018. The last time an international cricket match was played at the venue in Karachi was in February 2009, when [[Sri Lankan cricket team in Pakistan in 2008–09|Sri Lanka toured Pakistan]]. That series was cut short, following a [[2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2018 |title=Timeline: The return of international cricket to Pakistan |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/652458 |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=[[International Cricket Council]] |language=en}}</ref>

It was the first tour in Pakistan of more than one match against another Test nation since [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Pakistan in 2015|toured]] in May 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe tour of Pakistan, Zimbabwe tour of Pakistan 2015 score, Match schedules, fixtures, points table, results, news |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/zimbabwe-tour-of-pakistan-2015-868505 |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

=== Sri Lanka vs Pakistan (2019) ===
[[File:National Stadium Karachi.jpg|thumb|right|National Stadium after renovation prepared for [[2021 Pakistan Super League|PSL 6]]]]
In May 2019, at the [[Asian Cricket Council]] (ACC) meeting in Singapore, the [[Pakistan Cricket Board]] (PCB) made a request to [[Sri Lanka Cricket]] (SLC) to play the two Test matches in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghaffar |first=Abdul |date=2019-05-28 |title=PCB makes contact with Sri Lanka with a view to moving Test series to Pakistan |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1485119 |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref> In July 2019, the SLC sent a security expert to assess the situation in Pakistan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Sri Lanka Cricket considers touring Pakistan, security expert to be sent to assess situation |url=https://www.islandcricket.lk/news/featured/sri-lanka-pakistan-security-tour-2019/ |access-date=16 July 2019 |work=Island Cricket|date=13 July 2019 }}</ref> with Sri Lanka Cricket saying they were "likely" to play a Test match in the country.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 July 2019 |title=Sri Lanka likely to play Test in Pakistan: Reports |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/sri-lanka-likely-to-play-test-in-pakistan-reports/story-WUpNOYJ2fQQ7zain6aBspM.html |access-date=19 July 2019 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> A further decision was taken by Sri Lanka after a security delegation inspects venues in [[Lahore]] and [[Karachi]] in early August 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sri Lankan security delegation to decide on Test series in Pakistan |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27237996/sri-lankan-security-delegation-decide-test-series-pakistan |access-date=22 July 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=5 August 2019 |title=Sri Lanka Cricket security delegation to visit Pakistan this week |url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/sri-lanka-cricket-security-delegation-to-visit-pakistan-this-week.html |access-date=5 August 2019 |work=[[Pakistan Cricket Board]]}}</ref> The delegation gave Sri Lanka Cricket "very positive feedback", suggesting that Sri Lanka could be open to playing a Test match in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |last=Farooq |first=Umar |date=17 August 2019 |title=Sri Lanka mull playing Test cricket in Pakistan |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27404992/sri-lanka-mull-playing-test-cricket-pakistan |access-date=17 August 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> On 22 August 2019, Sri Lanka's Sports Minister confirmed their agreement to play a three-match ODI and T20I series in Pakistan in October, but ruled out playing any Test matches.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sri Lanka will tour Pakistan after two-year gap to play ODIs and T20Is, informs SL sports minister |url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/sri-lanka-will-tour-pakistan-after-two-year-gap-to-play-odis-and-t20is-informs-sl-sports-minister-7209821.html |access-date=22 August 2019 |work=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=22 August 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sri Lanka to play ODIs in Pakistan |url=http://www.thepapare.com/sri-lanka-play-odis-pakistan/ |access-date=23 August 2019 |work=The Papare|date=22 August 2019 }}</ref> On 23 August, PCB announced dates for the ODI and T20I series. Sri Lanka were to play three match ODI series at National Stadium, starting from 27 September.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 August 2019 |title=Pakistan announces dates for upcoming ODI, T20I series against Sri Lanka at home |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/245620-pakistan-cricket-announce-dates-for-upcoming-series-against-sri-lanka-at-home |access-date=23 August 2019 |work=[[Geo News]]}}</ref> This was supposed be the first time since [[Sri Lankan cricket team in Pakistan in 2008–09#2nd ODI|21 January 2009]] that an ODI match will be held at National Stadium. But, the first ODI match was abandoned due to heavy rain.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fernando |first=Andrew Fidel |date=27 September 2019 |title=Rain ruins tour opener in Karachi |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19504/report/1198486/pakistan-vs-sri-lanka-1st-odi-sri-lanka-in-pakistan-2019-20 |access-date=27 September 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> It was the first time that an ODI match at the venue had been washed out.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 September 2019 |title=ODI cricket's return to Pakistan ruined by rain |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1359224 |access-date=27 September 2019 |work=[[International Cricket Council]]}}</ref> As a result, the [[Pakistan Cricket Board]] (PCB) rescheduled the second ODI match, moving it back one day to 30 September 2019, to allow the ground staff more time to prepare the outfield. As a result, the National Stadium had to wait for few more days to host an ODI match.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 September 2019 |title=Second ODI rescheduled for Monday |url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/second-odi-rescheduled-for-monday.html |access-date=27 September 2019 |work=[[Pakistan Cricket Board]]}}</ref>

In October 2019, the PCB proposed hosting the two Test matches in Pakistan, instead of the UAE, at venues in [[Rawalpindi]] and [[Karachi]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Rasool |first=Danyal |date=26 October 2019 |title=PCB propose Rawalpindi and Karachi as venues for Sri Lanka Test series |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27932586/pcb-propose-rawalpindi-karachi-venues-sri-lanka-test-series |access-date=26 October 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Sri Lanka Cricket said that they were "very positive" with regards to the progress of playing Test cricket in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernando |first=Andrew Fidel |date=29 October 2019 |title=SLC 'very positive' about touring Pakistan in December |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/slc-very-positive-about-touring-pakistan-in-december-1205093 |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In November 2019, PCB confirmed the dates and venues for the Test series. National Stadium hosted the second test match, starting from 19 December.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 November 2019 |title=Pakistan to play Sri Lanka Tests in front of home crowds |url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/pakistan-to-play-sri-lanka-tests-in-front-of-home-crowds.html |access-date=14 November 2019 |work=[[Pakistan Cricket Board]]}}</ref>

=== Renovation and upgradation ===
National Stadium's [[dressing rooms]], VIP boxes, and pitch, were renovated in 2017 as part of a Rs. 1.5 billion renovation project. This initiative also saw the installation of around 800 [[CCTV cameras]] for improved security and several new elevators to ease crowd movement.

==== 2024–25 renovation efforts ====
In 2024-25 efforts were made to renovate the stadium for the upcoming [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy]]. These renovations include new [[Floodlight|LED floodlights]], New [[guardrail]] for fans, New pavilion building which contains 24 hospitality boxes and increased the capacity of the stadium from 28,000 to 30,000. Along with these new foldable chairs were added to some of the stands. The total cost of these renovations is estimated to be around Rs.3.5 Billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KHAN |first=ZUBAIR NAZEER |date=2025-01-20 |title=Champions Trophy 2025: National Stadium Karachi renovation enters final phase |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2523297/champions-trophy-2025-national-stadium-karachi-renovation-enters-final-phase#:~:text=Due%20to%20ongoing%20construction,%20the,on%20safety%20and%20security%20measures. |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

The stadium was officially inaugurated on February 11, 2025, following extensive renovations in preparation for the [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|ICC Champions Trophy 2025]]. The ceremony was graced by prominent figures, including [[Governor of Sindh|Sindh Governor]] [[Kamran Tessori]], [[Sindh Chief Minister|Chief Minister]] [[Murad Ali Shah]], and [[Pakistan Cricket Board]] (PCB) Chairman [[Mohsin Naqvi]]. The event featured live performances by renowned artists [[Ali Zafar]], [[Shafqat Amanat Ali]], and [[Sahir Ali Bagga]], culminating in a spectacular fireworks display and a captivating light show. The public was invited to join the celebrations with free entry, marking a significant milestone in Pakistan's cricketing history.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/1281708-newly-renovated-karachi-cricket-stadium-inaugurated-in-glittery-ceremony|title=Newly upgraded Karachi stadium inaugurated in grand ceremony|website=www.thenews.com.pk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2527913/newly-renovated-national-stadium-hosts-grand-inauguration-ceremony|title=Newly renovated National Stadium hosts grand inauguration ceremony|first=News|last=Desk|date=11 February 2025|website=The Express Tribune}}</ref>

==Records==
[[File:NationalStadium Karachi Pak vs Eng 2.jpg|thumb|National Stadium from spectators view]]
[[File:NationalStadium Karachi Pak vs Eng.jpg|thumb|National Stadium Pavilion End]]

=== Test ===
* '''Highest team total''': 765/6d, by [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Stadium, Karachi Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?class=1&id=487&type=ground |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* '''Lowest team total''': 80, by [[Australia cricket team|Australia]] against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] in 1956.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Stadium, Karachi Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/lowest_innings_totals.html?class=1&id=487&type=ground |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* '''Highest run chase achieved''': 315/9, by Pakistan in 1959.
* '''Highest partnership''': 437, by [[Mahela Jayawardene]] and [[Thilan Samaraweera]] against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Stadium, Karachi Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_for_any_wicket.html?class=1&id=487&type=ground |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

=== One Day International ===
* '''Highest team total''': 374/4, by [[India national cricket team|India]] against [[Hong Kong national cricket team|Hong Kong]], 25 June 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Stadium, Karachi Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?class=2&id=487&type=ground |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* '''Highest run chase (Won or Loss)''' 355/4 by [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] against [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]], 12 February 2025.
* '''Lowest team total''': 115, by [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]], 4 July 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Stadium, Karachi Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/lowest_innings_totals.html?class=2&id=487&type=ground |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* '''Highest run chase achieved''': 355/4 by [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] against [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]], 12 February 2025.
* '''Highest individual score''': 181, by [[Viv Richards]] against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]], 13 October 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Stadium, Karachi Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=2&id=487&type=ground |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* '''Highest partnership''': 260, by [[Mohammad Rizwan (cricketer)|Mohammad Rizwan]] and [[Salman Ali Agha]] against [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]], 12 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Stadium, Karachi Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_for_any_wicket.html?class=2&id=487&type=ground |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

=== T20 International ===

* '''Highest team total''': 221/3 by [[England national football team|England]] against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]], 23 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Stadium, Karachi Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?class=3&id=487&type=ground |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* '''Lowest team total''': 60/9 by [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]], 1 April 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Stadium, Karachi Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/lowest_innings_totals.html?class=3&id=487&type=ground |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* '''Highest individual score''': 110* by [[Babar Azam]] against [[England cricket team|England]], 22 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Stadium, Karachi Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=3&id=487&type=ground |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* '''Highest partnership''': 203*, by [[Babar Azam]] and [[Mohammad Rizwan (cricketer)|Mohammad Rizwan]] against [[England cricket team|England]], 22 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Stadium, Karachi Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_for_any_wicket.html?class=3&id=487&type=ground |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==Cricket World Cup ==
This stadium hosted six One Day International (ODI) matches during [[1987 Cricket World Cup]] and [[1996 Cricket World Cup]].

===1987 Cricket World Cup===
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =13 October 1987
| bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 360/4 (50 overs)
| score2 = 169/4 (50 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|SRI}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#West Indies vs Sri Lanka|West Indies won by 191 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65097.html Scorecard]
| venue =
}}
----
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =20 October 1987 |bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|ENG}}
| score1 = 244/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 247/3 (49 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|PAK}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#England vs Pakistan|Pakistan won by 7 wickets]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65103.html Scorecard]
| venue =
}}
----
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =30 October 1987
| bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 258/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 230/9 (50 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|PAK}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#West Indies vs Pakistan|West Indies won by 28 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65113.html Scorecard]
| venue =
}}
----

===1996 Cricket World Cup===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 29 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| score1 = 242/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 243/5 (44.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|RSA}}
| runs1 = [[Aamir Sohail]] 111 (139)
| wickets1 = [[Hansie Cronje]] 2/20 (5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Daryll Cullinan]] 65 (76)
| wickets2 = [[Waqar Younis]] 3/50 (8 overs)
| result = South Africa won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65176.html Scorecard]
| venue =
| umpires = [[K.T. Francis]] and [[Steve Bucknor]]
| motm = [[Hansie Cronje]] (SA)
| rain =
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 3 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ENG}}
| score1 = 249/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 250/3 (47.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| runs1 = [[Robin Smith (cricketer)|Robin Smith]] 75 (92)
| wickets1 = [[Mushtaq Ahmed (cricketer)|Mushtaq Ahmed]] 3/53 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Saeed Anwar]] 71 (72)
| wickets2 = [[Dominic Cork]] 2/59 (10 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65180.html Scorecard]
| venue =
| umpires = [[B.C. Cooray]] and [[Srinivas Venkataraghavan]]
| motm = [[Aamer Sohail]] (Pak)
| rain =
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 11 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 264/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 245 (49.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|RSA}}
| runs1 = [[Brian Lara]] 111 (94)
| wickets1 = [[Brian McMillan]] 2/37 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Daryll Cullinan]] 69 (78)
| wickets2 = [[Roger Harper]] 4/47 (10 overs)
| result = West Indies won by 19 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65188.html Scorecard]
| venue =
| umpires = [[K.T. Francis]] and [[Steve Randell]]
| motm = [[Brian Lara]] (WI)
| rain =
}}

== ICC Champions Trophy ==
{{main|2025 ICC Champions Trophy}}

{{Limited overs matches
| date = 19 February 2025
| time = {{UTZ|14:00|+5}}
| daynight = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| score1 = 320/5 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Tom Latham (cricketer)|Tom Latham]] 118[[not out|*]] (104)
| wickets1 = [[Naseem Shah]] 2/63 (10 overs)
| score2 = 260 (47.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Khushdil Shah]] 69 (49)
| wickets2 = [[Will O'Rourke (cricketer)|Will O'Rourke]] 3/47 (9 overs)
| result = New Zealand won by 60 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1466414.html Scorecard]
| umpires = [[Richard Kettleborough]] (Eng) and [[Sharfuddoula]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Tom Latham (cricketer)|Tom Latham]] (NZ)
| toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Will Young (cricketer)|Will Young]] (NZ) became the fourth New Zealand batter to score a century in the Champions Trophy and the first Kiwi to score a ton in his debut game of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/pak-vs-nz-history-will-young-becomes-first-kiwi-in-21-years-to-achieve-this-special-feat-2192025-1739965677301|title=HISTORY! Will Young Becomes First Kiwi In 21 Years To Achieve THIS Special Feat
|work=Cricket.com |date=19 February 2025
|access-date=19 February 2025}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 21 February 2025
| time = {{UTZ|14:00|+5}}
| daynight = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SA}}
| team2 = {{cr|AFG}}
| score1 = 315/6 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ryan Rickelton]] 103 (106)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammad Nabi]] 2/51 (10 overs)
| score2 = 208 (43.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahmat Shah]] 90 (92)
| wickets2 = [[Kagiso Rabada]] 3/36 (8.3 overs)
| result = South Africa won by 107 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1466416.html Scorecard]
| umpires = [[Sharfuddoula]] (Ban) and [[Alex Wharf]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Ryan Rickelton]] (SA)
| toss = South Africa won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = This was Afghanistan's first ODI in the Champions Trophy.
* [[Ryan Rickelton]] (SA) scored his maiden [[Century (cricket)|century]] in ODIs. He became the first South African to score a hundred on his Champions Trophy debut.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=21 February 2025 |title=Who is Ryan Rickelton? Proteas batter who scored a ton vs Afghanistan |url=https://www.business-standard.com/cricket/champions-trophy/who-is-ryan-rickelton-proteas-batter-who-scored-a-ton-vs-afghanistan-125022100852_1.html |work=Business Standard}}</ref>
* For only the second time in Champions Trophy history, South Africa innings witnessed four or more 50-plus scores.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/champions-trophy-2025-afg-vs-sa-live-score-afghanistan-vs-south-africa-cricket-scorecard-today-national-stadium-karachi-101740114623477.html?id=101740142900244&utm_source=ht_site_copyURL&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=ht_site|title=Only the second time there have been 4 50+ scores in one CT innings|access-date=21 February 2025|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=21 February 2025 }}</ref>
* This is the highest match aggregate (523) for Afghanistan vs South Africa in ODIs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/headtohead/team-highest-match-aggregates/south-africa-afghanistan-3vs40/one-day-internationals-2|title=Highest match aggregates for Afghanistan vs South Africa in ODIs|access-date=21 February 2025|work=[[ESPNCricinfo]]}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 1 March 2025
| time = {{UTZ|14:00|+5}}
| daynight = y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ENG}}
| team2 = {{cr|SA}}
| score1 = 179 (38.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Joe Root]] 37 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Wiaan Mulder]] 3/25 (7.2 overs)
| score2 = 181/3 (29.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rassie van der Dussen]] 72[[not out|*]] (87)
| wickets2 = [[Jofra Archer]] 2/55 (9 overs)
| result = South Africa won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1466424.html Scorecard]
| venue = National Stadium, [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Ahsan Raza]] (Pak) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Marco Jansen]] (SA)
| toss = England won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Liam Livingstone]] (Eng) played in his 100th international match.
* [[Kagiso Rabada]] (SA) took his 100th wicket against England in international cricket.<ref>{{cite web |title=Champions Trophy 2025: England vs South Africa, Match 11: Stats Review of player records and achieved milestones |url=https://www.crictracker.com/cricket-stats-mania/champions-trophy-2025-england-vs-south-africa-match-11-stats-review-of-player-records-and-achieved-milestones-9048/ |work=CricTracker |access-date=2025-03-01}}</ref>
* [[Lungi Ngidi]] (SA) took his 100th ODI wicket.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=1 March 2025 |title=Lungi Ngidi Joins Elite Club, Completes 100 Wickets In ODIs After Dismissing Jos Buttler |url=https://cricket.one/match-hub/lungi-ngidi-joins-elite-club-completes-100-wickets-in-odis-after-dismissing-jos-buttler/67c3017fda5d7c85f575bf35 |work=cricket.one}}</ref>
* [[Rassie van der Dussen]] (SA) completed 500 runs against England in ODIs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Champions Trophy 2025: England vs South Africa, Match 11: Stats Review of player records and achieved milestones |url=https://www.crictracker.com/cricket-stats-mania/champions-trophy-2025-england-vs-south-africa-match-11-stats-review-of-player-records-and-achieved-milestones-9048/ |work=CricTracker |access-date=2025-03-01}}</ref>
* As a result of this match, South Africa qualified for the semi-finals while Afghanistan were eliminated from the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=1 March 2025 |title=Semi-finalists confirmed for Champions Trophy 2025 |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/champions-trophy-2025/news/semi-finalists-confirmed-for-champions-trophy-2025? |work=International Cricket Council}}
</ref>
}}

== Football tournaments ==

=== 1982 Quaid-e-Azam International Tournament ===
The stadium was the venue for the [[1982 Quaid-e-Azam International Tournament]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name="auto1"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:100%;"
!Date
!Team #1
!Res.
!Team #2
!Round
!Attendance
|-
|12 February 1982
|{{flagicon|PAK|}} [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan Greens]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2–0
|{{fb|NEP}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|13 February 1982
|{{flagicon|PAK|}} [[Pakistan national football B team|Pakistan Blues]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2–1
|{{fb|OMN}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|14 February 1982
|{{flagicon|PAK|}} [[Pakistan national football B team|Pakistan Blues]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1–1
|{{fb|NEP}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|14 February 1982
|{{fb|OMN}}
| style="text-align:center;" |0–0
|{{flagicon|CHN|}} [[Shandong Taishan F.C.|Shandong]]
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|15 February 1982
|{{flagicon|PAK|}} [[Pakistan national football B team|Pakistan Blues]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2–1
|{{fb|BAN}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|15 February 1982
|{{fb|IRN}}
| style="text-align:center;" |0–0
|{{flagicon|CHN|}} [[Shandong Taishan F.C.|Shandong]]
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|16 February 1982
|{{fb|IRN}}
| style="text-align:center;" |1–0
|{{flagicon|PAK|}} [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan Greens]]
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|16 February 1982
|{{fb|NEP}}
| style="text-align:center;" |1–1
|{{fb|BAN}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|17 February 1982
|{{fb|OMN}}
| style="text-align:center;" |1–0
|{{fb|NEP}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|17 February 1982
|{{flagicon|PAK|}} [[Pakistan national football B team|Pakistan Blues]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2–1
|{{flagicon|CHN|}} [[Shandong Taishan F.C.|Shandong]]
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|18 February 1982
|{{fb|IRN}}
| style="text-align:center;" |4–1
|{{flagicon|PAK|}} [[Pakistan national football B team|Pakistan Blues]]
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|18 February 1982
|{{flagicon|PAK|}} [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan Greens]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2–1
|{{fb|BAN}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|19 February 1982
|{{flagicon|CHN|}} [[Shandong Taishan F.C.|Shandong]]
| style="text-align:center;" |0–1
|{{fb|NEP}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|19 February 1982
|{{fb|OMN}}
| style="text-align:center;" |3–1
|{{fb|BAN}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|20 February 1982
|{{fb|IRN}}
| style="text-align:center;" |4–0
|{{fb|NEP}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|20 February 1982
|{{flagicon|PAK|}} [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan Greens]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1–4
|{{flagicon|CHN|}} [[Shandong Taishan F.C.|Shandong]]
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|21 February 1982
|{{fb|IRN}}
| style="text-align:center;" |4–0
|{{fb|OMN}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|22 February 1982
|{{flagicon|CHN|}} [[Shandong Taishan F.C.|Shandong]]
| style="text-align:center;" |0–0
|{{fb|BAN}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|23 February 1982
|{{flagicon|PAK|}} [[Pakistan national football B team|Pakistan Blues]]
| style="text-align:center;" |0–0
|{{flagicon|PAK|}} [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan Greens]]
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|23 February 1982
|{{fb|IRN}}
| style="text-align:center;" |9–0
|{{fb|BAN}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|-
|24 February 1982
|{{flagicon|PAK|}} [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan Greens]]
| style="text-align:center;" |0–0
|{{fb|OMN}}
|Group stage
| style="text-align:center;" |N/A
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Test cricket grounds]]
* [[List of international cricket centuries at the National Stadium]]
* [[List of international five-wicket hauls at the National Stadium]]
* [[List of cricket grounds in Pakistan]]
* [[List of sports venues in Karachi]]

==References==
{{commons category|National Stadium, Karachi}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/ground/58956.html ESPNcricinfo ground profile]
*[http://www.pcboard.com.pk/Pakistan/Grounds/1506.html Ground Profile – PCB.com]
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/22/1506_t.html List of all Test matches played at National Stadium, Karachi]
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/22/1506_o.html List of all ODI matches played at National Stadium, Karachi]

{{Cricket grounds in Pakistan}}
{{Karachi landmarks}}
{{Karachi Kings}}

[[Category:Test cricket grounds in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Pakistan|Cricket]]
[[Category:Stadiums in Pakistan]]
[[Category:National stadiums|Pakistan]]
[[Category:Stadiums in Karachi]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Pakistan]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Cricket in Karachi]]

Bithiri Sathi

2026-03-24T20:42:54Z

JunkoQxl0473817: put up new entry - done

{{Short description|Indian reporter, actor (born 1979)}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bithiri Sathi
| image =
| birth_name = Chevella Ravi Kumar (Kavali Ravi Kumar)
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1979|4|5}}
| birth_place = [[Chevella]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India (now in [[Telangana]], India)
| education =
| occupation = News presenter, reporter, actor, singer
| years_active = 2007–present
| spouse =
| children =
}}
'''Chevella Ravi Kumar''' (born 5 April 1979) known for his TV pseudonym, '''Bithiri Sathi''', is an Indian TV anchor, reporter and actor. Bithiri Sathi, a title character played by him, is part of the daily news, Teenmaar News, on Telugu news channel, [[V6 News]]. His news program is a parody on current affairs, politicians and entertainment industry which runs for around 10 minutes. It is a hit for the channel. He became a YouTube sensation with Telugu audience and has millions of hits for his programs.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/jul/29/gautham-nanda-review-a-stylish-spectacle-1635028.html| title = A stylish spectacle- The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Early life==
Kavali Ravi Kumar (birth name) was born in [[Pamena]] village [[Chevella]] mandal in [[Ranga Reddy, Telangana]] to Yadamma and Kavali Narsimhulu. His father was a drama performer ([[Bagotham]] and [[yakshagana]]) in the villages. He studied till 5th standard in his village and went to Chevella for high school education. He discontinued education after his intermediate. He was a good mimicry artist and was good at imitating and making fun of people. He became popular among his friends and known circle, and was encouraged to pursue a career in acting in Hyderabad.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

==Career==
Ravi moved to Hyderabad to pursue a career in acting but struggled as was rejected. He worked small jobs to make a living. He finally made his TV debut on [[Zee Telugu]] show, ''Comedy Club'', a comedy show with 6–8 participants, and imitation of Tollywood and popular culture personalities. He did well in imitating Tollywood characters.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

===Narsayya Thata===
He started working with Telugu news channel, 6 TV, and did the program, ''Odavani Muchata'' and ''Mana Ooru''. He interviewed celebrities and visited remote villages in an old man's attire. It was well received by the audience. He worked for two years until he moved to V6 news channel.

===Bithiri Sathi===
His character, Bithiri Sathi, is part of a daily news parody show on V6 News, Theen Maar News. His role along with the host, Savithri, is funny and asks hilarious questions in a vernacular Telangana dialect.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Tollywood/2018-03-26/Bithiri-Sathi-Turns-Peon/369553 | title=Bithiri Sathi Turns Peon | date=26 March 2018 }}</ref>

He developed Bithiri Sathi character, by closely watching two people in Chevella with specially challenged condition. He learnt their true nature, behavior and interaction with the people. ''Bithiri'' in Telugu means immature minded person.

==TV shows==
*[[Zee Telugu]] Comedy Club
*[[6TV Telangana]] Narssayya Thata – 2012–2014
*[[V6 News]] Teen Maar News – 2015–2019(August)
*[[V6 News]] Weekend Teenmaar Special with Bithiri Sathi – 2015–2019(August)
*[[TV9 Telugu]] "iSmart News" – 2019(September) – Present.
*''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa The Next Singing ICON]]'' (2020) as a guest in episode 9<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sa Ra Ga Ma Pa 13: Bithiri Sathi to entertain audience in the Dussehra special episode - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/sa-ra-ga-ma-pa-13-bithiri-sathi-to-entertain-audience-in-the-dussehra-special-episode/articleshow/78663565.cms|access-date=2020-10-29|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{colbegin}}
* ''[[Seema Sastry]]'' (2007) – cameo
* [[Rudramadevi (film)|''Rudramadevi'']] (2015) – cameo
* ''[[Goutham Nanda]]'' (2017) – himself
* [[Winner (2017 film)|''Winner'']] (2017) – as himself
* ''[[Nene Raju Nene Mantri]]'' (2017) – as reporter
* ''[[Raja The Great]]'' (2017) - as kabaddi player
* ''[[Paper Boy]]'' (2018) – as himself
* ''[[Diksoochi]]'' (2019)
* [[Sita (2019 film)|''Sita'']] (2019)
* ''[[Brochevarevarura]]'' (2019)
* ''Thupaki Ramudu'' – As lead actor (2019)
* [[Gamanam (2020 film)|''Gamanam'']] (2020)
* ''Dochevaarevarura'' (2023)
* ''[[Sathi Gani Rendu Ekaralu]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Intinti Ramayanam (2023)|Intinti Ramayanam]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Unstoppable (2023 film)|Unstoppable]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Bhola Shankar]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Jilebi (2023 film)|Jilebi]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Tiragabadara Saami]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Aho Vikramaarka]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Seetha Payanam]]'' (2026)<ref>https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Jul/10/ye-oorikelthave-pilla-from-seetha-payanam-is-a-rustic-high-energy-number</ref>
{{colend}}

==Awards and honors==
* ''Haasya Prapurna'' title (2015) – Surya Chandra International's Seva Prapurna Puraskar
* Best Presenter Award (2015) – Padmamohana TV Awards

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravi, Chevella}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Telugu television anchors]]
[[Category:Telugu comedians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:1979 births]]

Kath kuni architecture

2026-03-23T03:24:28Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Minor edits and structural improvements

{{Short description|Indigenous knowledge for sustainable architecture}}
[[File:Sarahan - Bhimakali Temple.jpg|thumb|[[Bhimakali Temple|Bhimakali]] temple, built in Kath-Kuni style of architecture.|295x295px]]'''Kath-Kuni''' is an indigenous construction technique prevalent in the isolated hills of northern India, especially in the region of [[Himachal Pradesh]] ''Kath'' is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''kāshth'' meaning wood and ''kuni'' from the word ''kona'' meaning corner. It also goes by other names such as ''kath-kona'', ''kath-ki-kanni'' in [[Sarahan]] region.

It is a traditional technique that uses alternating layers of wood and stone masonry, held in place without using mortar. It has been transmitted orally and empirically from one generation to the next, through apprenticeships spanning a number of years.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Khimta|first=Abha Chauhan|title=Political Participation of Women in Himachal Pradesh in India: Impact on Social Change|date=2018-08-29|pages=11–21|publisher=The International Institute of Knowledge Management-TIIKM|doi=10.17501/icfow.2018.1102|series=International Conference on Future of Women|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The relative isolation of the hills, and demanding weather have fostered development and persistence of this distinctive vernacular cator and cribbage architecture style.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Himalayan Vernacular: Kath-Khuni Architecture |url=https://www.sahapedia.org/the-himalayan-vernacular-kath-khuni-architecture |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Sahapedia |language=en}}</ref> This is most evident in the temples in the region. [[File:Prashar Lake,Mandi ,Himachal Pardesh.jpg|thumb|[[Prashar Lake|Prashar]] Temple, built in Kath-Kuni style of architecture.|156x156px]]

== Settlement pattern ==
The settlements appear to be draped along the contours of the landscape, typically along the sunny slopes of the hills and mountains.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thakkar |first=Jay |title=Mātrā : ways of measuring vernacular built forms of Himachal Pradesh |date=2008 |others=Sheila Skye Morrison, Center for Environmental Planning and Technology University. SID Research Cell |isbn=978-81-904096-8-1 |location=Ahmedabad, India |oclc=474740255}}</ref> The houses, markets and streets in a village are arranged around a primary focal point, usually a temple with adjoining open spaces. These spaces act as a shared space for community celebrations. The temple is located at the highest place or largest plateau of flat ground to be visible from a distance. As their height suggests, tower temples historically also functioned as watchtowers and are often strategically located, to be used as surveillance points.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Jatawat |first=Manoj |title=The Vernacular archiTecTure of himachal Pradesh Wood and sTone The architecture of houses and other structures in the Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh reflects the region's extreme terrain and climate—along with its unique culture and history |url=https://www.academia.edu/31478898}}</ref>

== Building indoor layout ==
Typical houses in Himachal are cube or a cuboidal storeys stacked one on top of the other. Houses are usually two to three storey high while temples may rise higher up to seven storeys. The basic method of construction is constant, the level or ornamentation and detailing varies. Each single storey is used for a specific function. Ground level is for the cattle (''gaushala''), first for storage and last ones are living spaces. A staircase connects all the floors. Sometimes a secondary mezzanine level in the ''gaushala'' (ground floor) serves to get the fodder off the ground and closer to the next floor.<ref name=":1" />

== Materials and construction ==
[[File:Kath Kuni.jpg|thumb|Layering of wood and stone elements.|358x358px]]

The construction was largely done by hand and by residents themselves. Special artesians were employed for building temples or religious structures.<ref name=":0" /> The walls are made of stone and wood which are alternatively stacked up, with wooden members interlocking at corners. Himachal Pradesh is rich in timber that is strong and long lasting.<ref name=":0" /> [[Cedrus deodara|Deodar]]/Kali wood which is an endemic species to the western [[Himalayas]] and one of the strongest of Indian [[conifer]]s, is used in the wall, flooring and roofing members. A well known folk saying is that this Himalayan wood will last 1,000 years in water and ten times longer in air.<ref name=":0" /> [[Slate]], is used as a waterproof roofing material, employed to protect the building from heavy rain and snowfall.

The ground trench is dug and filled with loose stone blocks which rise up to make the plinth.<ref name=":0" /> The construction of walls involves laying two wooden beams longitudinally parallel to each other with a gap in between. Loose in-fill material is packed as a filler and the external and internal skins of the wall are held together by cross braces or dovetail (''maanvi''). As the wall rises, the stone courses decrease and the wood sections gradually increase. The heavier stone base carries the lighter wooden structure at upper levels. The internal walls are plastered with mud.<ref name=":0" /> Truncated stone corner protects the wooden beams and a wooden peg (''kadil'') helps in keeping solid wood beams in place.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-05-27 |title=Himachal Pradesh: A look at the traditional Kath Kuni architecture |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/himachal-pradesh-traditional-kath-kuni-architecture/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=Architectural Digest India |language=en-IN}}</ref> The wooden framed roof rests on the wooden beams followed by [[purlin]] and rafters. It is an overhanging roof covered in locally sourced slate or wooden [[Roof shingle|shingles]].

Apart from construction of the structure, a remarkable level of wood joinery can be found in the door frames and other places. They follow regular geometric patterns and are a complex play of interlocking volumes and fluid edges.<ref name=":0" /> These wooden joints in all likelihood without the use of nails flex just enough to rock the [[Seismic wave|seismic]] waves during an [[earthquake]] but otherwise are tightly locked together.<ref name=":0" />

== Climate responsive architectural features ==
[[File:Kath Kuni house section.jpg|thumb|456x456px|Typical house section]]
The indigenous buildings of Himachal Pradesh reflect a remarkable understanding about appropriate use of local materials, construction techniques and joinery details that stand strong against the climatic and seismic forces of nature.<ref name=":0" /> The intricate interlocking of joints without nails is the hallmark of this construction ingenuity.<ref name=":0" />

The building is '''oriented''' such that the longer facade faces South, to maximize low angle solar gain during winters. The houses are also oriented such that the longer side faces the valley and backs the mountains, which makes them less susceptible to seismic forces.<ref name=":1" />

The stone '''plinth''' rises above ground level provides strength to the superstructure, protects from groundwater and dampens the seismic forces.

The double skinned cavity '''wall''' with an air gap is filled with small pieces of stone that act as thermal insulation keeping the indoors warm in winters and cool in summers. The air gap in the wall also dissipates the seismic force during an earthquake.

The '''roof''' is pent, [[Gable roof|gable]] or a combination of both, the steeper slope of the roof disperses off snow, whereas the flatter part holds some which acts as insulation. The slate stone used on the roof is frost resistant and naturally weighs down the structure providing stability.

'''Fenestration''', windows and doors are smaller and balconies, if present are enclosed to conserve heat during the winters.

The '''construction''' from foundation to roof uses no mortar for binding. The weight of the structure alone holds it in place. The nail-less framework without rivets and a non-rigid construction allows the building to flex with the seismic waves and effectively dissipates the forces.<ref name=":0" />

In summers the '''cattle''' is kept outside in a shaded area and during winters they are moved to the ground floor. In the winters, the heat generated by the cattle moves up to the topmost living spaces and provides extra warmth. The secondary mezzanine level in the ground floor with the cattle fodder offers further insulation to the top floors.

An entire floor is dedicated for '''storage'''. Grains, vegetables, bedding, clothing and other household items are stored in advance specially for the winter when accessibility is low. The storage is strategically placed between the cattle and living to prevent the odors from the cattle to move up into the living spaces.

The '''living''' spaces are the topmost floors to benefit from all the heat in the house that rises up. It houses the living area, bedroom and kitchen. They are also cantilevered from the main walls of the house to capture sunlight, during the day.

== Extinction ==
[[File:Old style home, Manali, 2004.jpg|thumb|Kath Kuni house, Himachal Pradesh|301x301px]]
Some houses and temples built using the ''kath-khuni'' technique are centuries old. The local masons knowledge of the terrain, available natural resources and climate played a vital role in the longevity of these traditional structures.<ref name=":2" /> While these structures stand the test of time, it is this knowledge that is going extinct. The scarcity of materials and craftsmanship make it challenging to build economically. Brick and concrete structures are slowly replacing the Kath-Khuni way. Not only are these new buildings less climate adaptive, they are expensive in terms of transportation of material and labor. Also, with rising demand for natural materials, the rapid loss of forest covers resulted in the enforcement of Environment & Forest Act that restricts the use of wood from these forests.

== Sustainability and relevance ==
[[File:Kathi Kuni House, Dashal, Kullu.jpg|thumb|Kath Kuni House in Dashal, Kullu]]
Since the construction primarily uses locally available stone and wood, it uses resources at hand instead of materials that are processed and moved from somewhere else. Hence, it is time and resource-efficient. The building materials are naturally biodegradable and, in most cases, can be reused as well. The indoor layout designed according to function and prevailing climatic conditions stands the test of time and provides adequate thermal comfort for the occupants. These climate-responsive design features are inherently low maintenance and relevant to achieving energy efficiency even today. The ''Kath Kuni'' construction technique is believed to be a thousand years old, and the flexibility in construction allows the structure to flex with the seismic waves offering excellent structural and seismic resilience. Villages and towns were planned to aid communal bonding with ample public spaces for celebration and gathering. This evokes a sense of identity and belonging.

A sustainable development is the result of the design philosophy which focuses on increasing the efficiency of resources used like energy, water, and materials, while reducing the impact of buildings on human and the environment. It is necessary to maintain the ecological balance and reduce the impact of climatic change.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Publications |first=Edupedia |title=Analysing Sustainability Issues Related to Various Construction Techniques Practiced in Himalayas |url=https://www.academia.edu/8300353}}</ref> While vernacular architecture is sustainable by definition and practice, it is difficult to achieve that level of sustainability in today's time with scarce natural resources, dying knowledge and modern lifestyle demands, especially considering mountainous terrains have lesser carrying capacity than flatter ones.[[File:Hidimba Devi Temple - North-east View - Manali 2014-05-11 2648-2649.TIF |thumb|[[Hidimba]] Devi Temple, built in Kath-Kuni style of architecture.|141x141px]]

== See also ==
*[[Vernacular architecture]]
*[[Architecture of India]]
*[[Hindu temple architecture]]
*[[Arts and crafts of Himachal Pradesh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.sahapedia.org/the-himalayan-vernacular-kath-khuni-architecture]

[[Category:Indian architectural styles]]
[[Category:Culture of Himachal Pradesh]]

Treaty of Lahore

2026-03-22T06:03:30Z

JunkoQxl0473817: minor edit

{{Short description|1846 peace treaty}}
{{distinguish|Lahore Declaration}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}

{{Infobox treaty
| name = Treaty of Lahore
| long_name = Treaty of Peace Between the British Government and the State of Lahore
| image = The_surrender_of_Maharajah_Duleep_Singh_to_Sir_Henry_Hardinge,_February_1846._Drawn_by_Hablot_K._Browne,_engraved_by_Browne_and_R._Young,_circa_1846_(cropped).jpg
| image_size = 200px
| alt = 
| caption = Surrender of [[Duleep Singh|Maharaja Duleep Singh]] to [[Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge|Henry Hardinge]] at [[Lahore]] ({{circa|1846}})
| type = [[Peace treaty]]
| context = [[First Anglo-Sikh War]]
| date_drafted = 9 March 1846
| date_signed = {{Start date and age|1846|03|09|df=y}}
| location_signed = [[Lahore]], [[Sikh Empire]]
| date_sealed = 11 March 1846 (with supplementary articles)
| date_effective = 9 March 1846
| condition_effective =
| amendment =
| signatories = {{ubl|[[East India Company]]{{efn|On behalf of the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]]}}|[[Sikh Empire#Administration and state|Khalsa Darbar]]{{efn|Imperial court of the Sikh Empire; signed by seven members from [[Hazara region|Hazara]], [[Malwa (Punjab)|Malwa]], and [[Doaba|Bist Doab]]}}}}
| parties = {{ubl|[[British Empire]]|[[Sikh Empire]]}}
| depositor = [[Government of the United Kingdom]]
| language = [[English language|English]]
}}

The '''Treaty of Lahore''' of 9 March 1846 was a peace treaty marking the end of the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]]. The treaty was concluded, for the British, by the Governor-General [[Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge|Sir Henry Hardinge]] and two officers of the [[East India Company]] and, for the Sikhs, by the seven-year-old [[Duleep Singh|Maharaja Duleep Singh]] and seven members of [[Hazara region|Hazara]], the territory to the south of the river [[Sutlej]] and the forts and territory in the [[Jalandhar]] [[Doab]] between the rivers Sutlej and [[Beas River|Beas]].<ref>Articles 2, 3 and 4</ref> In addition, controls were placed on the size of the Lahore army and thirty-six field guns were confiscated.<ref>Articles 7 and 8</ref> The control of the rivers Sutlej and Beas and part of the [[River Indus|Indus]] passed to the British, with the Provision that this was not to interfere with the passage of passenger boats owned by the Lahore Government.<ref>Article 9</ref> Also, provision was made for the separate sale of all the hilly regions between River Beas and Indus, including Kashmir, by the East India Company at a later date to [[Gulab Singh]], the Raja of Jammu.<ref>Article 12</ref>

==Background==
[[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh Sukerchakia]] had made Lahore the capital of the [[Sikh Empire]] of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]], which he built up between 1799 and his death in 1839. After his death, factions and assassinations destroyed the unity of the State, causing alarm to the British because it weakened the buffer against the perceived threat of invasion from the north. Provocative acts by both the British and the Sikhs escalated tension and, on 13 December 1845, Hardinge issued a proclamation declaring war on the Sikhs.<ref>All About Sikhs [http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/historical-sikh-events-the-first-anglo-sikh-war The First Anglo-Sikh War]</ref>{{bsn|date=August 2025}}

During the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]], the British came close to defeat at the [[Battle of Ferozeshah]], but were eventually victorious. After the defeat of the Sikhs at the [[Battle of Sobraon]], the British marched unopposed into Lahore on 20{{nbsp}}February 1846.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V20_279.gif Punjab - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 20, p. 273.]</ref>
[[File:The surrender of Maharajah Duleep Singh to Sir Henry Hardinge, February 1846. Drawn by Hablot K. Browne, engraved by Browne and R. Young, circa 1846 (cropped).jpg|thumb|The surrender of Maharajah Duleep Singh to Sir Henry Hardinge, 1846. Drawn by [[Hablot Knight Browne|Hablot K. Browne]], Lahore, 1846]]

The peace was negotiated and drafted by [[Sir Frederick Currie, 1st Baronet|Frederick Currie]], assisted on military matters by Brevet-Major [[Henry Montgomery Lawrence|Henry Lawrence]], acting under powers vested in them by Hardinge. Currie's diplomatic skills so impressed Hardinge that the British authorities rewarded him with a [[Currie baronets|baronetcy]] in January 1847.

On 11{{nbsp}}March 1846, two days after signature of the treaty, a supplement, comprising eight Articles of Agreement, was signed by the same parties.<ref name=ToL>{{citation |last=Aitchison |first=C. U. |title=A Collection of Treaties and Sanads, Vol. 1 |publisher=Central Publication Branch of the Government of India |year=1930 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.235890 |via=Internet Archive |pages=50–54}}</ref> It provided that a British force would remain in Lahore until no longer than the end of the year "for the purpose of protecting the person of the Maharajah and the inhabitants of the city of Lahore, during the reorganization of the Sikh Army". This supplementary agreement was at the request of the Lahore Durbar. The Lahore army would vacate the city, convenient quarters would be provided for the British troops and the Lahore Government would pay the extra expenses.<ref>Article 1 to 4 of the supplementary Agreement</ref>

The Agreement also provided that the British would respect the ''bona fide'' rights of [[jagir]]dars in the Lahore territories and would assist the Lahore Government in recovering the arrears of revenue justly due to the Lahore Government from the kardars<ref>kardar: an official entrusted with the collection of tax</ref> and managers in the territories ceded by the provisions of Articles 3 and 4 of the Treaty.<ref>Articles 5 and 6 of the supplementary Agreement</ref>

==Treaty of Amritsar==
{{Main|Treaty of Amritsar (1846)}}

The British demanded payment of 15 million rupees<ref>these were Nanak Shahi Rupaiya, the main currency of the Sikh Empire, named after the first Guru of the Sikhs</ref> (one and a half crore) as reparations for the cost of the war. As the Lahore Government was unable to pay the whole of this sum immediately, it ceded some of the territories mentioned above, including Hazara and Kashmir, as equivalent to 10 million rupees (one crore). The Maharaja was also required to pay 6 million rupees (60 lakhs) immediately.<ref>Articles 4 and 5 of the Treaty</ref>

The British then sold Kashmir to the Raja of Jammu, [[Gulab Singh]], for 7.5 million rupees (75 lakhs). The treaty of sale was concluded on 16{{nbsp}}March 1846, in the [[Treaty of Amritsar, 1846|Treaty of Amritsar]] and signed by Gulab Singh, Hardinge, Currie and Lawrence.<ref>Kashmir Legal Documents [http://www.kashmir-information.com/LegalDocs/TreatyofAmritsar.html Treaty of Amritsar] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105164806/http://www.kashmir-information.com/LegalDocs/TreatyofAmritsar.html |date=5 January 2009 }}</ref> Gulab Singh thus became the founder and first Maharaja of the [[Kashmir and Jammu (princely state)|princely state of Kashmir and Jammu]].

==Treaty of Bhairowal==
[[File:Painting of the signing of the Treaty of Bhairowal on 26 December 1846 between the Sikh Empire and British East India Company.jpg|thumb|Painting of the signing of the Treaty of Bhairowal on 26 December 1846 between the Sikh Empire and British East India Company]]
The supplementary Articles of Agreement had specified that the British troops would remain in Lahore until no later than the end of 1846. When the time approached for the British to leave, the Durbar requested that the troops should remain until the Maharaja attained the age of 16. The British consented to this and new articles of agreement were drawn up, forming the Treaty of Bhairowal.<ref>All About Sikhs [http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/anglo-sikh-treaty5-1846 The Treaty of Bhairowal]</ref>{{bsn|date=August 2025}} This was signed on 26 December 1846, by Currie, Lawrence and 13 members of the Durbar and later ratified by Hardinge and the young Maharaja on the left bank of River Beas.. Actual location is Verowal district Tarn Taran in modern Panjab. (Location is confirmed in Sir HENRY HARDINGE's private correspondence and in testimony by an old Sikh person to Karam Singh historian in 1905 who was there during this treaty in Sikh Army. Details collected by Gurdev Singh Nagoke )
A key condition of the British agreement was that a Resident British officer, with an efficient establishment of assistants, was to be appointed by the Governor-General to remain at Lahore, with "full authority to direct and control all matters in every Department of the State".<ref>Article 2 of the Treaty of Bhairowal</ref> The Regent, Maharani Jindan Kaur, mother of the Maharaja, was awarded an annual pension of 150,000 rupees and replaced by a Council of Regency composed of leading Chiefs and Sirdars acting under the control and guidance of the British Resident.<ref>Articles 4, 5 and 10 of the Treaty of Bhairowal</ref> This effectively gave the British control of the Government.

==See also==
*[[Treaty of Amritsar (1809)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

{{Sikh Empire|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:1846 in British India]]
[[Category:Indian documents]]
[[Category:1846 treaties]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Sikh Empire]]
[[Category:Treaties of the British East India Company]]
[[Category:History of Lahore]]
[[Category:March 1846]]

Battle of Bhangani

2026-03-21T20:23:28Z

JunkoQxl0473817: fix layout and updated info per standard format

{{Short description|1686 - 1688 conflict}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Bhangani
| partof = [[Hill States-Sikh Wars]]
| image = Painting of Guru Gobind Singh mounted up for a battle atop of an elephant, circa late 17th to early 18th century.jpg
| caption = Painting of Guru Gobind Das riding an elephant in the Battle of Bhangani, circa late 17th to early 18th century, Toor Collection.<ref>{{cite web |title=Punjab: The Land of Five Rivers - Historical Context |url=https://www.wallacecollection.org/explore/explore-in-depth/the-sikh-empire/punjab-land-of-the-five-rivers/historical-context/ |website=Wallace Collection |access-date=1 August 2025}}</ref>
| date = 18 September 1686 or 1688
| place = Bhangani, near [[Paonta]], [[Punjab region]] (now [[Himachal Pradesh]])
| territory =
| result = Sikh victory<ref>{{cite book|title= The Sikhs : Their Journey Of Five Hundred Years|author= Raj Pal Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra19YSPDliQC&q=Bhangani+enemies+defeated&pg=PA21 |publisher= Pentagon Press|year= 2004|isbn= 9788186505465|page= 35}}</ref><ref name="Phyllis2004">{{cite book|title= Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia, Volume 1|author= Phyllis G. Jestice|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=H5cQH17-HnMC&q=hargobind+jahangir&pg=PA312|publisher= [[ABC-CLIO]]|year= 2004|isbn= 9781576073551|pages= 345, 346}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[File:Akal Sena Flag.svg|30px]] [[Akal Sena]] ([[Sikhs]])
* [[Pir (Sufism)|Pir]] Budhu Shah's disciples
* [[Udasi]]s<ref>{{cite book |author=Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh |title=Birth of the Khalsa, The: A Feminist Re-Memory of Sikh Identity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=squPx387FuwC&pg=PA27 |date=February 2012 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-8266-7 |page=27 }}</ref>
| combatant2 = Alliance of 16 [[Hill States of India|Hill States]], including: 
[[File:Bilaspur_flag.svg|25px]] [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Kahlur]] [[File:Flag_of_the_Princely_State_of_Tehri_Garhwal.svg|25px]] [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] [[File:Flag_of_Kangra_state.png|25px]] [[Kangra State|Kangra]] 
[[Guler State|Guler]] [[Nalagarh#History|Hindur]] [[Siba State|Siba]] [[Jaswan]]
| commander1 = {{plainlist|
*[[File:Akal Sena Flag.svg|30px]] [[Guru Gobind Singh|Guru Singh]]
*[[File:Akal Sena Flag.svg|30px]] [[Bhai Daya Singh|Bhai Sobhi]]
*[[File:Akal Sena Flag.svg|30px]] [[Bhai Sangat Singh|Bhai Singh]]
*[[File:Akal Sena Flag.svg|30px]] [[Bhai Jit Mal|Bhai Mal]]{{KIA}}
*[[File:Akal Sena Flag.svg|30px]]Shah Sangram (Sango Shah){{KIA}}
*[[File:Akal Sena Flag.svg|30px]] [[Mahri Chand]]
*[[File:Akal Sena Flag.svg|30px]] [[Ganga Ram]]
*[[File:Akal Sena Flag.svg|30px]] [[Lal Chand Halwai|Lal Halwai]]
*[[File:Akal Sena Flag.svg|30px]] [[Daya Ram]]
*[[File:Akal Sena Flag.svg|30px]] [[Diwan Nand Chand|Diwan Chand]]
*[[File:Akal Sena Flag.svg|30px]]'Uncle' Kirpal Chand
*[[File:Akal Sena Flag.svg|30px]] [[Sahib Chand]]
*[[Mahant]] Kirpal Das [[Udasi]]
*Kaale Khan [[Pathan]]
*[[Pir (Sufism)|Pir]] Buddhu Shah}}
| commander2 = [[File:Bilaspur_flag.svg|25px]] [[Bhim Chand (Kahlur)|Bhim Chand]] [[File:Flag_of_the_Princely_State_of_Tehri_Garhwal.svg|25px]] [[Fateh Shah]] [[Hari Chand]]{{KIA}} [[Hayat Khan]]{{KIA}} [[Najabat Khan]]{{KIA}} [[Bhikhan Khan]] Raja Gopal (Raj Singh) of Guler Hari Chand (of Hindur) Madhukar Shah Dadwal (of Siba) Raja of Jaswan
| strength2 = 10,000 <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit |title=The History of The Sikh Gurus Retold 1606 - 1708 |publisher=Atlantic |year=2007 |isbn=978-8126908592 |pages=774 |language=English}}</ref>
| strength1 = 1,000 with 507 reinforcements arriving later<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit |title=The History of The Sikh Gurus Retold 1606 - 1708 |publisher=Atlantic |year=2007 |isbn=978-8126908592 |pages=774, 775 |language=English}}</ref>
}}
{{Campaignbox Hill States-Sikh Wars}}
The '''Battle of Bhangani''' was fought between [[Guru Gobind Singh]]'s army and [[Bhim Chand (Kahlur)]] of [[Bilaspur State|Bilaspur]] on 18 September 1686 or 1688,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=H. S. |title=The encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 entries) |date=2000 |publisher=Hemkunt Publishers |isbn=81-7010-301-0 |location=New Delhi |pages=18–19 |oclc=243621542}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=9780191004124 |series=Oxford Handbooks |quote=A final context relevant to the Khalsa Heritage Complex is the town of Anandpur Sahib itself. Renowned as a site where the Sikh Khalsa was inaugurated by the tenth and final living Guru, Gobind Singh, Anandpur is already filled with important commemorative sites and structures. At the centre of the town lies Guru de Mahal, where the Guru and his family lived and where his followers built a dharmsal and langar. This is the reputed place where several Kashmiri pandits came seeking protection from Aurangzeb's army, in response to which Guru Tegh Bahadur made his fateful voyage to Delhi where he was martyred by the Mughal emperor. Gobind Rai, Tegh Bahadur's son, had been installed as Guru Gobind by his father prior to setting off for Delhi, and the spot where this took place, too, is commemorated at Anandpur. Guru Gobind returned to Chak Nanaki from Paonta in 1688 following his victory over an alliance of hill Rajas at the battle of Bhangani (Mann 2009). At the time of his return, the Guru founded a new centre which he called Anandpur, as an annex to Chak Nanaki.}}</ref> at Bhangani near [[Paonta Sahib]]. An alliance of Rajput Rajas of the [[Sivalik Hills|Shivalik Hills]] participated in the engagement on behalf of [[Bhim Chand (Kahlur)|Bhim Chand]] of [[Bilaspur State]]'s side, including the states of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] and [[Kangra State|Kangra]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Dahiya |first=Amardeep S. |title=Founder of the Khalsa : the Life and Times of Guru Gobind Singh. |date=2014 |publisher=Hay House |isbn=978-93-81398-61-6 |location=Carlsbad |chapter=Chapter 3 - Battles of Bhangani and Nadaun |oclc=881415374}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/g/garhwal.htmlk| title= Garhwal (Princely State)| access-date= 1 December 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071027091328/http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/g/garhwal.html| archive-date= 27 October 2007| url-status= live| df= dmy-all}}</ref> It was the first battle Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth [[Sikh Guru]], fought at the age of 19.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Singh
| first = Bhagat Lakshman
| title = A Short Sketch of the Life and Works of Guru Gobind Singh
| publisher = Asian Educational Services
| year = 1995
| isbn = 978-81-206-0576-3
| oclc = 55854929
| pages = 78
}}</ref>

''[[Bichitra Natak]]'', an autobiography generally attributed to Guru Gobind Singh, contains a detailed description of the battle.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fenech |first=Louis E. |title=The Sikh Ẓafar-nāmah of Guru Gobind Singh : a discursive blade in the heart of the Mughal Empire |date=2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-998060-4 |location=New York |oclc=826068533 |quote=49. Bachitar Natak 8:1-3, Dasam Granth, p. 60. Chapter 8 deals almost exclusively with the Battle of Bhangani after which the Guru went back to his patrimony and strengthened it. Bachitar Natak 8:36, Dasam Granth, p. 62. An intriguing understanding of this section of the Bachitar Natak (8:1-3) which sets it within the context of the love/violence reading of bhakti is Balbinder Singh Bhogal, "Text as Sword: Sikh Religious Violence Taken as Wonder," in John R. Hinnells and Richard King (eds.), Religion and Violence in South Asia: Theory and Practice (London: Routledge, 2007), pp. 121-22.}}</ref>

==Causes==
[[Guru Gobind Singh]] resided at [[Anandpur Sahib|Anandpur]], which was though located in the territory of Raja Bhim Chand of [[Kahlur|Bilaspur]] (Kahlur) but Anandpur Sahib was an autonomous region held by Guru Gobind Singh as the barren land of Makhowal was purchased by his father [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] and town was developed with earlier name Chakk Nanki.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dilgeer |first=Harjinder Singh |title=Who are the Sikhs? |publisher=Sikh Educational Trust |year=2000 |pages=28}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

By the 1680s, the Guru's influence and power had increased greatly. His devotees came from distant places and brought him valuable gifts. A devotee called Duni Chand visited Anandpur in 1681, and presented him a ''Shamiana'' (an imperial [[Canopy (building)|canopy]] or tent) embroidered in gold and silver, and was studded with [[pearl]]s. Ratan Rai, the son of Raja Ram Rai of [[Ahom Kingdom|Assam]], visited Anandpur with his mother and several ministers, and presented several gifts to the Guru, including an elephant called ''Prasadi'' (or ''Parsadi'').<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |title=A historian's approach to Guru Gobind Singh |date=2004 |publisher=Singh Bros |isbn=81-7205-306-1 |edition=1st |location=Amritsar |pages=142 |oclc=62342291}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |title=History of the Sikh Gurus: A Comprehensive Study |publisher=Gur Das Kapur |year=1978 |pages=398}}</ref>

In the mid-1680s, Guru Gobind Singh ordered the construction of a war drum ([[Naqareh|nagara]]) to enthuse his army. The job of constructing the drum was entrusted to the Guru's [[Dewan]], Nand Chand, and the drum was named ''Ranjit Nagara''.<ref>Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh, SIKH HISTORY in 10 volumes (in English), Sikh University Press, 2010-11.</ref> The use of such a war drum was limited to the chieftains, within their territory. Its use by the Guru was considered a hostile act by Raja Bhim Chand. On his Prime Minister's advice, the Raja arranged a meeting with the Guru, and visited his court in Anandpur. There, his eyes fell on the valuable gifts presented to the Guru by the devotees.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhillon |first=Dalbir Singh |title=Battles of Guru Gobind Singh |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |year=1990 |pages=33}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nara |first=Ishar Singh |title=Safarnama and Zafarnama: Being an Account of the Travels of Guru Gobind Singh and the Epistle of Moral Victory Written by Him to Emperor Aurangzeb |publisher=Nara Publications |year=1985 |pages=34 |translator-last=Singh |translator-first=Joginder}}</ref>

Some days later, Bhim Chand sent a message to Anandpur, asking the Guru to lend the ''Prasadi'' elephant to him. Bhim Chand wanted the elephant to make a display of his wealth to the guests at his son's proposed wedding. The Guru knew that Bhim Chand wanted to gain permanent possession of the elephant by deceptive tactics, and declined the Raja's request. He stated that the devotee who had presented the elephant didn't want it to be given away to anybody else. Bhim Chand is said to have sent his emissaries thrice to the Guru, the last one being Raja Kesari Chand of [[Jaswan State|Jaswan]]. However, the Guru didn't accept his demand, and refused to part with the elephant.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chhabra |first=G. S. |title=Advanced History of the Punjab: Guru and post-Guru period upto Ranjit Singh |publisher=New Academic Publishing Company |year=1968 |volume=1 |pages=263–268}}</ref>

The Raja felt disgraced by the Guru's refusal, and got restless with Guru's growing influence, and his interest in military exercises. Soon an atmosphere of confrontation developed between them due to Guru's sovereign and autonomous actions though Guru never seemed offensive towards territorial gains.<ref name="AjaySR_Garhwal">{{cite book
| last = Rawat
| first = Ajay Singh
| title = Garhwal Himalaya : a study in historical perspective
| publisher = Indus Publishing
| year = 2002
| isbn = 81-7387-136-1
| oclc = 52088426
| pages = 50–54
}}</ref>

In April 1685, Guru Gobind Singh shifted his residence to [[Paonta]] (now Poanta sahib) in [[Sirmur]] state, at the invitation of [[Mat Prakash|Raja Mat Prakash]] (a.k.a. Medni Prakash) of Sirmur. The reasons for the shift are not clear.<ref name="AjaySR_Garhwal"/> The author of ''Bichitra Natak'' doesn't mention any reason for shifting his residence to Paonta.<ref>''Bichitra Natak''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081209004527/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=143 Chapter 8, Chaupai 1].{{dead link|date=May 2018}} "Then I left my home and went to place named Paonta.".</ref> According to the Gazetteer of the Sirmur state, the Guru was compelled to quit Anadpur due to differences with Bhim Chand, and went to Toka. From Toka, he came to [[Nahan]] (the capital of Sirmur) at the request of Raja Medni Prakash. From Nahan, he proceeded to Paonta.<ref name="Gazetteer_Simur">{{cite book
| title = Gazetteer of the Sirmur State
| publisher = Indus Publishing
| location = [[New Delhi]]
| year = 1996
| isbn = 978-81-7387-056-9
| oclc = 41357468
| page = 16
}}</ref> According to Ajay S. Rawat, Raja Mat(Medni) Prakash invited the Guru to his kingdom in order to strengthen his position against Raja [[Fateh Shah]] of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]].<ref name="AjaySR_Garhwal"/> At the request of Raja Mat Prakash, the Guru constructed a fort at Paonta with help of his followers, in a short time. He continued to increase his army. Raja Fateh Shah also paid a visit to the Guru, and was received with honor in his court. The Guru established a peace treaty between the two Rajas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dahiya |first=Amardeep S. |title=Founder of the Khalsa : the Life and Times of Guru Gobind Singh. |date=2014 |publisher=Hay House |isbn=978-93-81398-61-6 |location=Carlsbad |oclc=881415374 |quote='He is no man's enemy. He is enemy only to tyranny and oppression whichever form it takes. As for war, remember the war was not of his choosing, it was thrust upon him by you and your allies. If he had been a warmonger, he would have taken advantage of his victory, like all victors do, to annex some of your territory, to extend the sphere of his influence into your kingdom to demand reparation for the losses he sustained in the war. He did none of these things. Instead he even withdrew from Medini Prakash's territory to his own settlement to spare his host any embarrassment. Remember how effectively he brought a rapprochement between Fateh Shah and Medini Prakash, after centuries of hostility between Garhwal and Sirmaur?'}}</ref>

The marriage of Bhim Chand's son was arranged with the daughter of Fateh Shah. Bhim Chand had to go from Bilaspur to [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]] (the capital of Garhwal) for the marriage ceremony, and the shortest route passed through Paonta. However, the Guru had no faith in Bhim Chand, and he refused to let his heavily armed party pass through Paonta. After negotiations, the Guru permitted only the bridegroom and a small number of his companions to cross the ferry near Paonta. The rest of the marriage party, including Bhim Chand, had to follow a circuitous route to Srinagar. This increased Bhim Chand's hostility towards the Guru.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=J. S. |title=Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708) : master of the white hawk |date=2019 |isbn=978-0-19-949494-1 |edition=1st |location=New Delhi, India |oclc=1121651952 |quote=Koer Singh highlights Bhim Chand's role in persuading Fateh Shah to attack Guru Gobind Das. Bhim Chand's son was betrothed to the daughter of Fateh Shah. For the marriage ceremony, Bhim Chand had set out with a large party to go to Srinagar, the capital of Fateh Shah. He had to cross the Jamuna at a point near Paunta that was under the Guru's control. Bhim Chand sent his wazir to the Guru with the request to forgive him and to return to Anandpur. He praised the Guru as the avtar of Rama and Krishna, and requested for a safe passage. Guru Gobind Das told him that his master was not sincere and that he would have to face armed resistance if he tried to cross the Jamuna. The Guru added that he would return to Anandpur on his own with the beat of the drum.& Eventually, only the bridegroom was allowed to cross the Jamuna to reach Srinagar before the auspicious time fixed for marriage. Bhim Chand had to take a longer route and he reached late. He persuaded Fateh Shah to attack Paunta and dislodge the Guru. Among those who came to their support were the chiefs of Guler, Jaswan, Kangra, Kullu, Chamba, Jammu, Mandi, and Suket.}}</ref>

Fateh Shah had invited the Guru to the wedding celebrations. The Guru sent his representatives Bhai Nand Chand (or Namd Chand) and [[Bhai Daya Singh|Bhai Daya Ram]] to the wedding celebrations. He also sent jewellery worth approximately a hundred thousand [[rupee]]s as a gift for the bride. His representatives were accompanied by 500 horsemen to guard the gift. When Bhim Chand learns of the gift from the Guru, he threatened to cancel the marriage if Fateh Shah accepted the gift.<ref name="AjaySR_Garhwal"/> Fateh Shah, fearing for his daughter's future, refused to accept the gift, and sent back the Guru's contingent.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raju |first=Karam Singh |title=Guru Gobind Singh: Prophet of Peace |publisher=Sanbun Publishers |year=1999 |isbn=9789380213644 |pages=61–63}}</ref>

On their way back to Paonta, the Guru's horsemen were attacked by the Rajas' forces. They managed to defend themselves, and told the Guru about the incident. The Guru, anticipating an attack from the Rajas, made preparations for the war.<ref name="Gazetteer_Simur"/>

Guru Gobind Singh in his autobiographical work ''Bichitra Natak'' wrote that Fateh Shah fought with him for no reason.<ref>''Bichitra Natak''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=144 Chapter 8, Chaupai 3]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022114/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=144 |date=17 July 2011 }} "...Fateh Shah became angry and fought with me without any reason.".</ref><ref name="Phyllis2004"/><ref>{{cite book|title= Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed|author= Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BEP0Ty-GuVEC&q=hargobind+jahangir&pg=PA48|publisher= [[A & C Black]]|year= 2013|isbn= 9781441117083|page= 55}}</ref>

==Armies==

Bhim Chand and Fateh Shah formed an alliance with 14 other Hill Rajas: such as Kirpal of [[Katoch]], Gopala of [[Guler State|Guler]] (or Guleria), Hari Chand of [[Hindur State|Hindur]] and Kesari Chand of [[Jaswan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Banerjee |first=Indubhusan |title=Evolution of the Khalsa |publisher=A. Mukherjee |year=1962 |edition=2nd |pages=72}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Raju |first=Karam Singh |title=Guru Gobind Singh: Prophet of Peace |publisher=Sanbun Publishers |year=1999 |isbn=9789380213644 |pages=15–16}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=J. S. |title=Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708) : master of the white hawk |date=2019 |isbn=978-0-19-949494-1 |edition=1st |location=New Delhi, India |oclc=1121651952 |quote=Among the warriors who fought on the side of Fateh Shah, according to the Bachittar Natak, were the hired Pathan commandants Hayat Khan, Najabat Khan and Bhikhan Khan, Raja Gopal (Raj Singh) of Guler, Hari Chand (of Hindur), Madhukar Shah Dadwal (of Siba), and the Raja of Jaswan. Among those who fought on the side of Guru Gobind Das were Shah Sangram (Sango Shah), Jit Mal, Mehri Chand, Ganga Ram, Lal Chand, Daya Ram, Kripal, Nand Chand, 'Uncle' Kirpal, and Sahib Chand. The first to be killed in the battle was Hayat Khan who was hit on the head by Kripal with his staff. Sahib Chand killed a number of Khans and warriors. Hari Chand killed many warriors on the Guru's side, including Jit Mal. Najabat Khan killed Sangram Shah, but himself got killed. Guru Gobind Das took part in the battle personally after the death of shah Sangram. His first arrow killed a Khan. His second arrow killed Bhikhan Khan's horse. Hari Chand shot three arrows at the Guru, but only one of the three pricked him slightly. Hari Chand was killed by the Guru's arrow. The army of Fateh Shah left the field of battle. The Guru was victorious through God's grace. He returned to Makhowal and founded Anandpur.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=ARIHANT EXPERTS |title=KNOW YOUR STATE : himachal pradesh. |date=2018 |publisher=ARIHANT PUBLISHERS |isbn=978-93-131-6765-5 |location=[S.l.] |pages=26 |oclc=1245922498}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Journal of Sikh Studies |publisher=Guru Nanak Dev University. Department of Guru Nanak Studies |year=1986 |volume=13 |pages=41}}</ref>

According to Harjinder Dilgeer Guru Gobind Singh Ji's army consisted of around 4,000 Sikhs only besides a number of [[Udasi]]s and [[Pathan]]s. Except for Mahant Kirpa Das and a few others, most of the Udasis had deserted the Guru. The Pathans who had taken up employment under Guru Ji on the recommendation of Pir Buddhu Shah were all bought over by Bhim Chand. They were promised free share of the plunder at Paonta Sahib. Guru Ji informed Pir Buddhu Shah about the unfaithful behavior of the Pathans and he himself led his Sikhs to a place six miles outside Paonta Sahib, called Bhangani.

Pir Buddhu Shah presents his sons to Guru Gobind Singh
On hearing about the unreliable Pathans, Pir Buddhu Shah was greatly perturbed. Immediately he called his sons, and along with between 500 and 700 of his followers he rushed to Guru Ji's side. [[Mahant]] Kirpal Das was using a heavy stick called a Kutka to fight, he killed Hayat Khan, the chief of the Pathans now fighting on the opposing side. Pir Buddhu Shah also fought bravely as did his sons and followers in this bloody of battles which Guru Ji describes in martial verses in his autobiography, Bachittar Natak (wondrous drama) . Besides several hundred Sikhs, the two sons of Pir Buddhu Shah and a large number of his followers died in the fighting. Guru Ji's general Sangho Shah, after killing the brave Najabat Khan also fell in battle, so did his brother Jeet Mal thus reviving the glory of their maternal grandfather, Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji.

==The battle==
[[File:Diorama sculptural monument of Mahant Kirpal Das in-combat during the Battle of Bhangani, Gurdwara Mehdiana Sahib, Mehdiana, Ludhiana district, Punjab, India, 9 April 2023 01.jpg|thumb|Diorama sculptural monument of Mahant Kirpal Das in-combat during the Battle of Bhangani, Gurdwara Mehdiana Sahib, Mehdiana, Ludhiana district, Punjab, India, 9 April 2023]]
The battle of Bhangani lasted for a day; some historians argue that it lasted for nine hours. But it was fought with great fury.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Singh
| first = Prithi Pal
| title = The History of Sikh Gurus
| publisher = Lotus Press
| year = 2007
| pages = 137
| isbn = 978-81-8382-075-2}}</ref> As the combined armies of the hill Rajas marched towards Paonta, Guru Gobind Singh also marched towards them. The opposing forces met on the banks of Yamuna river, at Bhangani, {{convert|6|mi|km}} away from Paonta. The battle resulted in the death of several of the Guru's and the Pir's disciples, including the two sons of the Pir.<ref name="Prithi_PS_History">{{cite book
| last = Singh
| first = Prithi Pal
| title = The History of Sikh Gurus
| publisher = Lotus Books
| year = 2007
| isbn = 978-81-8382-075-2
| pages = 137–138
}}</ref>

===Description in Bachittar Natak===

The author of ''[[Bachittar Natak]]'', Guru Gobind Singh, praises his own soldiers, as well as those of the enemy forces. According to him, the Guru's soldiers included the five sons of Bibi Viro (the daughter of [[Guru Har Gobind]]): Sango Shah, Jit Mall, Gulab Chand, Mahri Chand and Ganga Ram.<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=144 Chapter 8, Chaupai 4-5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022114/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=144 |date=17 July 2011 }}</ref> Sango Shah fell down after killing Najabat Khan{{efn|Not to be confused with another famous [[Najabat Khan]], the [[Afghan ethonym|Afghan]] Nawab of [[Kunjpura]]}} of the opposing army.<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=147 Chapter 8, Chaupai 23] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022120/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=147 |date=17 July 2011 }}</ref> The Guru praises the heroism of [[Bhai Daya Singh|Daya Ram]], and equates him to [[Dronacharya]] of [[Mahabharata]].<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=144 Chapter 8, Chaupai 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022114/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=144 |date=17 July 2011 }}</ref> He also says that his maternal uncle Kirpal Chand fought like a true [[Kshatriya]] and killed one Hayat Khan with his ''Kutka'' (stick).<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=144 Chapter 8, Chaupai 7-8] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022114/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=144 |date=17 July 2011 }}</ref>

The other soldiers mentioned by the author include Lal Chand, Sahib Chand, Maharu, Nand Chand or Namd Chand (who fought with his dagger after his sword broke).<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=144 Chapter 8, Chaupai 8] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022114/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=144 |date=17 July 2011 }}</ref> The enemies mentioned by him include Gopal (the king of Guleria), the Raja of Chandel, and the chiefs of Jaswal and Dadhwal.

The author praises the [[archery]] skills of Hari Chand.<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=145 Chapter 8, Chaupai 12] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022126/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=145 |date=17 July 2011 }} and [Chaupai 26]</ref> Hari Chand killed Jit Mall in a duel, but himself fainted. After coming to his senses, he fired arrows at the Guru, who survived and killed Hari Chand with an arrow.<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=148 Chapter 8, Chaupai 28-8.33] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022140/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=148 |date=17 July 2011 }}</ref>

The author said that he himself went into the battlefield when an arrow struck his body.<ref name=":3" />

===Result===
Guru Gobind Singh came out victorious,<ref>{{cite book |last= Mahajan |first= Vidya Dhar |author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan |title= Muslim Rule In India |publisher= S.Chand, New Delhi |year= 1970 |pages= 235 }}</ref> and won the battle.<ref>{{cite book |last= Singh |first= Bhagat Lakshman |title= Short Sketch of the Life and Works of Guru Gobind Singh |publisher= Asian Educational Services |pages= 78 |isbn= 81-206-0576-4}}</ref> Guru Gobind Singh
in Bichitra Natak also mentions that the battle resulted in the victory of the Guru's forces, and the enemy forces fled from the battlefield.<ref name=BN>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=148 Chapter 8, Chaupai 34] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022140/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=148 |date=17 July 2011 }}</ref> Hari Chand was killed in battle.<ref>Suraj Granth Ruth 2 Chapter 31</ref>

The Guru, though victorious, did not occupy the territory of defeated hill chiefs.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Singh
| first = Prithi Pal
| title = The History of Sikh Gurus
| year = 2006
| publisher = Lotus Press
| pages = Guru Gobind Singh, 137
| isbn = 81-8382-075-1}}</ref> Some historians such as H. Raturi, Anil Chandra Banerjee and A. S. Rawat speculate that the battle must have ended without any conclusive result, since the Guru's victory is not substantiated by any territorial annexations, and the Guru entered into an understanding with Bhim Chand soon after the battle.<ref name="AjaySR_Garhwal"/><ref>{{cite book
| last = Raturi
| first = Harikrishna
| title = Garhwal ka Itihas
| publisher = Bhagirathi Prakashan Griha
| orig-year = 1928
| year = 1980
| isbn = 81-86424-00-8
| oclc = 7250188
}}</ref> However, this was most likely because the Guru was not after any territorial gains, just as his grandfather, [[Guru Hargobind]] had done when winning his battles against the [[Mughals]].

==Aftermath==
The tombs of the dead hill kings were constructed at Bhangani.<ref name="Gazetteer_Simur"/> The Guru is said to have pitched his flag at Bhangani, and today a [[gurdwara]] marks the spot.<ref name="Gazetteer_Simur"/>

The author of Bichitra Natak states that after the battle, the Guru didn't remain at Paonta, and returned to Anandpur. Those who fought in the battle were rewarded, and those who didn't were turned out of the town.<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=149 Chapter 8, Chaupai 35-8.37] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022243/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=149 |date=17 July 2011 }}</ref>

Sometime after the Guru's return to Anandpur, peace was established between Raja Bhim Chand and Guru Gobind Singh,<ref name="Prithi_PS_History"/> after the former paid a visit to the Guru with his minister.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Singh
| first = Bhagat Lakshman
| title = Short Sketch of the Life and Works of Guru Gobind Singh
| publisher = Asian Educational Services
| pages = 80
| isbn = 81-206-0576-4}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Hill States of India]]
* [[Sivalik Hills]]
* [[Hinduism and Sikhism]]
* [[History of Sikhism]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{notelist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022114/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=144 Description of the Battle of Bhangani] in ''[[Bichitra Natak]]'' (Chapter 8).
{{Guru Gobind Singh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle of Bhangani}}
[[Category:Battles involving the Sikhs|Bhangani, Battle of]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]
[[Category:History of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:1686 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1686]]
[[Category:1688 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1688]]

Saumya Tandon

2026-03-21T07:02:45Z

JunkoQxl0473817:

{{Short description|Indian actress and host (born 1984)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Saumya Tandon
| image = Saumya Tandon at Elle Beauty Awards 2016 (14) (cropped).jpg
| education =
| known_for = ''[[Jab We Met]]'' ''[[Bhabhi Ji Ghar Par Hai!]]'' ''[[Dhurandhar]]''
| caption = Tandon in 2016
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|11|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Model|actress|television personality}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Saurabh Devendra Singh|2016}}
| children = 1
| website =
| yearsactive = 2006{{ndash}}present
}}

'''Saumya Tandon''' (born 3 November 1984) is an Indian actress and [[television presenter]], known for her portrayal of Anita Vibhuti Narayan Mishra in the Hindi [[sitcom]] television series ''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/tv/stars/saumya-tandon-sets-the-internet-on-fire-with-her-bikini-pictures-from-mauritius/articleshow/101013782.cms |title=Saumya Tandon sets the internet on fire with her bikini pictures from Mauritius |work=The Times of India |date=15 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616014122/https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/tv/stars/saumya-tandon-sets-the-internet-on-fire-with-her-bikini-pictures-from-mauritius/articleshow/101013782.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref> and as a host on various TV shows including ''[[Dance India Dance]]'', ''[[Bournvita Quiz Contest]]'' and ''[[Entertainment Ki Raat]]''. She also gained recognition from the films ''[[Jab We Met]]'' (2007) and ''[[Dhurandhar]]'' (2025).

==Early life==
Tandon was born in [[Bhopal]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], on 3 November 1984.<ref name="Birth"/><ref name="BYear">{{cite news |last1=Suri|first1=Rishabh|title=Saumya Tandon: I will never participate in Bigg Boss as I am a very private person|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/saumya-tandon-i-will-never-participate-in-bigg-boss-as-i-am-a-very-private-person/story-uDDvNZYOjDPAS6LdrX7F9N_amp.html|access-date=17 June 2022|work=Hindustan Times|date=23 October 2017|language=en}}</ref> The family shifted to [[Ujjain]] where she completed her schooling from [[St. Mary's Convent School, Ujjain|St. Mary's Convent School]].<ref name="Birth">{{cite news |title=Unseen Photo: कॉलेज के दिनों में ऐसी दिखती थीं टीवी की 'गोरी मेम' |url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/television/bhabi-ji-ghar-par-hai-actress-saumya-tandon-shares-college-photos-1767507 |access-date=8 March 2020 |work=NDTVIndia |date=28 October 2017}}</ref> Her father, B.G. Tandon, is a writer and was a professor in a university in [[Ujjain]].<ref>{{cite news |title=स्टेज पर जाने से मना करने पर मां से चांटा खा चुकी हैं Tv की 'अनीता भाभी' |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/mp-bpl-hmu-saumya-tandon-childhood-memory-of-bhopal-and-ujjain-5158613-pho.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |date=3 November 2015 |access-date=8 March 2020}}</ref>

==Career==
Tandon took up modelling assignments early in her career and was the "Femina Cover Girl First Runner Up" 2006<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-IFTM-saumya-tandon-interview-5804981-PHO.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415191123/https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-IFTM-saumya-tandon-interview-5804981-PHO.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 April 2018 |title=Did You Know 'Bhabi Ji Ghar Par Hain' Fame Saumya Tandon was a Femina Cover Girl First Runner Up? More Details About Her Inside! |date=3 February 2018 |work=dailybhaskar |access-date=15 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref> She also appeared in the Afghan serial ''Khushi'' in 2008 as part of the international project, where she played the lead of an Afghan woman doctor.<ref name="indt" >{{cite news |last1=Satijia |first1=Garima |title=Actress Saumya Tandon Shares Photo From Afghanistan, Says She Is Unable To Contact Her Friends |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/actress-saumya-tandon-shares-photo-from-afghanistan-says-she-is-unable-to-contact-her-friends-547988.html |access-date=17 February 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=25 August 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=I am unable to reach my friends in Afghanistan, says Saumya Tandon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-am-unable-to-reach-my-friends-in-afghanistan-says-saumya-tandon/articleshow/85584377.cms |last1=Maheshwri |first1=Neha |website=The Times of India |date=25 August 2021 |access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="ABP_25Aug2021">{{cite news |title=Ex Bhabiji Ghar Par Hai Actress Saumya Tandon Shares Her Picture From Afghanistan; Says, 'I Am Unable To Reach My Friends' |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/taliban-takeover-ex-bhabiji-ghar-par-hai-actress-saumya-tandon-shares-her-picture-from-afghanistan-says-i-am-unable-to-reach-my-friends-1478279 |access-date=17 February 2022 |work=ABP News |date=25 August 2021}}</ref> She co-hosted ''[[Zor Ka Jhatka: Total Wipeout]]'' (based on the ''Wipeout'' format) with [[Shah Rukh Khan]] in 2011.<ref name="Kushal Punjabi Wins Zor Ka Jhatka">{{cite news |title=Kushal Punjabi Wins Zor Ka Jhatka |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20110170304&keyword=television&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&nid=88011 |publisher=[[NDTV]] Movies |date=26 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714162435/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20110170304&keyword=television&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&nid=88011 |archive-date=14 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kushal Punjabi wins 'Zor Ka Jhatka' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/kushal-punjabi-wins-zor-ka-jhatka-361713.html |access-date=17 February 2022 |work=News18 |date=26 February 2011 |language=en}}</ref> She has hosted ''[[Dance India Dance]]'' for 3 seasons, for which she got the Best Anchor award too. She co-hosted ''[[Bournvita Quiz Contest]]'', along with [[Derek O'Brien (quizmaster)|Derek O'Brien]] for three seasons.<ref name='ht1'/> In [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]'s ''[[Jab We Met]]'', starring [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]], she played the role of Kareena's character's sister Roop.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saumya says no to play Geet's sister |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Saumya-says-no-to-play-Geets-sister/articleshow/7410347.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=30 April 2016 |date=2 February 2011}}</ref> She also hosted ''LG Mallika-e-Kitchen'' for three seasons.

In 2015, Tandon started playing the role of Anita in the comedy serial ''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]''. She is also known as "gori mem" from the serial, due to her being referred to as the same in the show by Yogesh Tripathi's character.<ref name='ht1'>{{cite news |last1=Bhandari |first1=Kabir Singh |title=Bhabhiji Ghar Par Hai's Saumya Tandon reveals her diet, fitness and beauty secrets |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/fashion-and-trends/bhabhiji-ghar-par-hai-s-saumya-tandon-reveals-her-diet-fitness-and-beauty-secrets/story-xMqwYj1JYa9BF5meTAIIxO.html |access-date=17 June 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=17 October 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In 2018, she hosted the second season of ''[[Entertainment Ki Raat]]'' on Colors TV.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Awaasthi |first=Kavita |date=15 April 2018 |url=http://hindustantimes.newspaperdirect.com/epaper/iphone/homepage.aspx#_article07159df2-b867-401a-a3bc-fb73feb29f08/waarticle07159df2-b867-401a-a3bc-fb73feb29f08/07159df2-b867-401a-a3bc-fb73feb29f08//true/Saumya+Tandon+ |title=I Love The Stage : Soumya Tandon |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=15 April 2018}}</ref> On 21 August 2020, she quit ''Bhabhi Ji Ghar Par Hain!''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Trivedi |first1=Tanvi |title=Saumya Tandon: I don't see myself being a part of 'Bhabi Ji...' for another five years - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/saumya-tandon-i-dont-see-myself-being-a-part-of-bhabhiji-for-five-more-years/articleshow/77639592.cms |access-date=20 August 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=20 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Confirmed! Saumya Tandon Quits Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain, Says 'August 21 is My Last Day of Shoot' |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/confirmed-saumya-tandon-quits-bhabiji-ghar-par-hain-says-august-21-is-my-last-day-of-shoot-4117122/ |access-date=23 August 2020 |work=India.com |date=20 August 2020}}</ref>

In 2025, she gained further recognition portraying Ulfat, [[Rehman Dakait]]'s wife in the spy-thriller ''[[Dhurandhar]]'', opposite [[Akshaye Khanna]], who essayed the role of Dakait.

==Personal life==
In 2016, she married her boyfriend Saurabh Devendra Singh whom she was in a ten-year relationship with.<ref name="Indianexpress.com">{{cite news |title=Bhabi Ji Ghar Par Hai actor Saumya Tandon ties the knot |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bhabhiji-ghar-par-hain-actor-saumya-tandon-ties-the-knot-4424629/ |access-date=17 June 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=13 December 2016}}</ref>

Tandon gave birth to a boy in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bhabhi-ji-ghar-par-hain-actress-saumya-tandon-blessed-with-a-baby-boy/articleshow/67597249.cms |title=Bhabhi Ji Ghar Par Hain actress Saumya Tandon blessed with a baby boy |date=19 January 2019 |work=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=19 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bhabiji-ghar-par-hain-actress-saumya-tandon-blessed-with-a-baby-boy-2007307.html |title=Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain Actress Saumya Tandon Blessed with a Baby Boy |date=19 January 2019 |work=News18 |access-date=19 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/new-mom-saumya-tandon-pens-a-powerful-post-on-women-s-day-1473047-2019-03-08|title=New mom Saumya Tandon pens a powerful post on Women's Day|date=8 March 2019|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{pending films key}}
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title !! Role !! Notes !! Ref.
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Jab We Met]]''
| Roop Dhillon
|
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Goyal |first=Divya |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/babhi-ji-ghar-par-hai-actress-saumya-tandon-is-pregnant-says-she-feels-like-a-superhero-without-a-ca-1946672 |title=Bhabhi Ji Ghar Par Hai Actress Saumya Tandon |date=13 November 2018 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2011
|''Welcome to Punjab''
|Preet
| Punjabi Film
|<ref name="ABP_25Aug2021"/>
|-
|2024
|'' Radio Ghaint''
| Amrita Dhillon
|
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Dhurandhar]]''
| rowspan=2|Ulfat
|
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Saumya Tandon reveals why she decided to take up a ‘small but intense role’ in Dhurandhar; says, “My scenes are with either Ranveer Singh or Akshaye Khanna” |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/saumya-tandon-reveals-decided-take-small-intense-role-dhurandhar-says-scenes-either-ranveer-singh-akshaye-khanna/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=19 November 2025 |access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]''
|
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Aisa Des Hai Mera (TV series)|Aisa Des Hai Mera]]''
| Rusty Deol
|
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Meri Awaz Ko Mil Gayi Roshni]]''
| Ria Sahani
|
|-
|2008
| ''Khushi''
| Khushi
| Afghan TV serial<ref name="indt" />
|-
| 2009–2012
| ''[[Dance India Dance]]''
| rowspan="5"|Host
|
|-
| 2011–2014
| ''[[Bournvita Quiz Contest]]''
|
|-
| 2010–2013
| ''[[Mallika-E-Kitchen]]''
|
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Comedy Circus|Comedy Circus Ke Taansen]]''
|
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Zor Ka Jhatka: Total Wipeout]]''
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''
| Comedian
|Special appearance
|-
| 2015–2020
| ''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]''
| Anita Vibhuti Narayan Mishra
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Entertainment Ki Raat]]''
| Host
|
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Hindi television actresses]]
* [[List of Indian television actresses]]
*[[List of Indian film actresses]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|2777374}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|saumya-tandon}}
* {{URL|https://saumyatandon.in/|Official website}}

{{Dance India Dance}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tandon, Saumya}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Bhopal]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Indian women television presenters]]
[[Category:Indian game show hosts]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Dance India Dance]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Kaagada

2026-03-04T14:28:55Z

JunkoQxl0473817: done...

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Short description|2024 Indian romantic drama film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kaagada
| image = Kaagada poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ranjith Kumar Gowda
| producer = Arun Kumar A
| writer = Ranjith Kumar Gowda
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = {{plainlist| * Adithya
* Ankita Jayaram
* Neha Patil
* [[Bala Rajwadi]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = S. Pradeep Varma
| cinematography = Venus Nagraj Murthy
| editing = Pavan Gowda
| studio = Amma Cine Creations
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2024|7|5|df=yes}}
| runtime = 149 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Kannada]]
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Kaagada''''' ({{translation|Letter}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by Ranjith Kumar Gowda. The film stars Adithya, Ankita Jayaram, Neha Patil, and [[Bala Rajwadi]].

The film follows the interfaith romance between Shivu, a Hindu boy, and Ayesha, a Muslim girl from a rival village. The story is set in a 2005 rural backdrop. They use letters as their way to communicate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title='Kaagada' movie review: An inter-religious love story evoking old-school teenage romance |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jul/06/kaagada-movie-review-an-inter-religious-love-story-evoking-old-school-teenage-romance |access-date=1 August 2024 |work=The New Indian Express |date=11 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=1 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801111506/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jul/06/kaagada-movie-review-an-inter-religious-love-story-evoking-old-school-teenage-romance |url-status=live}}</ref>

''Kaagada'' was released on 5 July 2024.

== Cast ==
* Adithya as Shivu
* Ankita Jayaram as Ayesha
* Neha Patil
* [[Bala Rajwadi]]

== Production ==
This film is the second film of the director Ranjith Kumar Gowda, who earlier directed ''Apple Cake'' (2018).<ref>{{cite news |title=Teaser Of Director Ranjith's Kaagada Released! |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/teaser-of-director-ranjith-s-kaagada-released-article-110635694 |access-date=1 August 2024 |work=Times Now |date=2 June 2024 |language=en |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602142243/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/teaser-of-director-ranjith-s-kaagada-released-article-110635694 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ankita Jayaram, who is known as a child artist for acting in the TV series ''[[Bhoomige Bandha Bhagavantha]]'', makes her debut as a lead actress with this film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Teaser Of Kannada Film Kaagada Promises An Adorable Romantic Drama |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/teaser-of-kannada-film-kaagada-promises-an-adorable-romantic-drama-8913659.html |access-date=1 August 2024 |work=News18 |date=1 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Aditya makes his debut, having previously featured in a few short films.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kannada Film Kaagada To Release On July 5 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/kannada-film-kaagada-to-release-on-july-5-article-111277415 |access-date=1 August 2024 |work=Times Now |date=26 June 2024 |language=en |archive-date=30 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630080004/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/kannada-film-kaagada-to-release-on-july-5-article-111277415 |url-status=live}}</ref> The cinematography was by Venus Nagraj Murthy, and the editing was handled by Pavan Gowda.

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack of the film was composed by S. Pradeep Varma.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaagada (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://gaana.com/album/kaagada-original-motion-picture-soundtrack |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=1 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Howda Irabahuda
| length1 = 4:00
| lyrics1 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| extra1 = [[Chethan Naik]]
| title2 = Alla Subhanalla
| length2 = 3:08
| lyrics2 = V. Nagendra Prasad
| extra2 = Harsha Ranjani
| title3 = Padagale Irada
| length3 = 4:15
| lyrics3 = V. Nagendra Prasad
| extra3 = G. Kalyan, Arpitha Venu
| title4 = Kaagada Kaagada
| length4 = 2:16
| lyrics4 = Sandeep Kumar
| extra4 = Chinmai Athreyas, Sandeep Kumar
| total_length = 13:39
}}

== Reception ==
Y. Maheswara Reddy of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote that "Had the director reduced the run time of the movie by 10 to 15 minutes, the movie would have been a good entertainer. It is worth a watch for family audiences."<ref>{{cite news |title=Kaagada Movie Review: A Complicated Love Story in Sandalwood |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kaagada-movie-review-a-complicated-love-story-in-sandalwood/articleshow/111522967.cms |access-date=1 August 2024 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Shashiprasad SM of the ''[[Times Now]]'' gave it two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "''Kaagada'' is not spectacularly different from earlier films on the same topic, the rural drama, wrapped in an adorable teenage love story with a purpose, makes ''Kaagada'' a one-time watch."<ref>{{cite news |title=Kaagada Movie Review: A Teenage Love Story Spun Around Hindu-Muslim Conflict! |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/kaagada-movie-review-a-teenage-love-story-spun-around-hindu-muslim-conflict-review-111507072 |access-date=1 August 2024 |work=Times Now |date=5 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=15 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715150801/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/kaagada-movie-review-a-teenage-love-story-spun-around-hindu-muslim-conflict-review-111507072 |url-status=live}}</ref>

A Sharadhaa of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave it two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "The film treads a familiar path but can still be considered a one-time viewing experience, as it evokes a nostalgic charm reminiscent of old-school romance where games like FLAMES measured love."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Family Drama Movie Review: A beautiful blend of light, dark, humour, pathos, love, and crime |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2024/Jul/26/family-drama-movie-review-a-beautiful-blend-of-light-dark-humour-pathos-love-and-crime |access-date=1 August 2024 |work=Cinema Express |date=26 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Udayavani]]'' gave the film a positive review and wrote that the team has tried to leave the regular aspects of the Hindu-Muslim love story and tell something new.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kaagada movie review |url=https://www.udayavani.com/article/kaagada-movie-review/1666341 |access-date=1 August 2024 |work=[[Udayavani]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt30835251}}

[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian interfaith romance films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Vilaiyattu Pillai

2026-03-04T04:54:45Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Created Details

{{short description|1970 film by A. P. Nagarajan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vilaiyattu Pillai
| image = Vilaiyattu Pillai.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[A. P. Nagarajan]]
| screenplay = [[S. S. Vasan]]
| based_on = {{based on|''Rao Bahadur Singaram''|[[Kothamangalam Subbu]]}}
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]]
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| cinematography = K. S. Prasad
| editing = M. Umanath
| studio = [[Gemini Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|1970|02|20|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Vilaiyattu Pillai''''' ({{translation|Playful boy}}) is a 1970 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film, directed by [[A. P. Nagarajan]] and produced by [[Gemini Studios]]. The film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] and [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]]. It deals with the romance between a woman who raises a bull and a man who sets out to tame it.

''Vilaiyattu Pillai'' is based on [[Kothamangalam Subbu]]'s novel ''Rao Bahadur Singaram'', which was [[Serial (literature)|serialised]] in the magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]''. It was released on 20 February 1970 and became a commercial success, running for over 100 days in theatres.

== Plot ==
Muthiah, a farmer, manages to tame Neelamani, a bull owned by Maragatham, the daughter of a wealthy man. After Muthiah's victory, Maragatham challenges him to participate in a [[Rekla]] race. Muthiah participates and emerges victorious, and Maragatham falls in love with him. Muthiah's mother, while happy about the accolades her son has won, believes he is too playful and advises him to marry and live more responsibly. Muthiah's uncle agrees to talk to Maragatham's father and fix Muthiah's marriage with Maragatham, but has plans of his own. Instead of Muthiah, he finalises Maragatham's marriage with his spoilt son Velu.

On the day Maragatham is supposed to marry Velu, she and Muthiah elope and marry, and eventually have a son, Manickam. Maragatham inherits her father's wealth following his death. One day an elephant goes out of control, but Muthiah manages to overpower it, saving princess Indu in the process. She develops a liking for Muthiah and invites him and his family to the palace. Velu is jealous of Muthiah and, seeking to tarnish Muthiah's image, he spreads rumours about him and the princess. Eventually, Muthiah is forced to overpower a bull whose horns are laced with poison. Despite that, he succeeds and continues to live prosperously with his family.

== Cast ==

{{Cast listing|
*[[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Muthaiah
*[[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] as Maragatham
*[[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] as Indu
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Velu's wife
*[[Kumari Rukmini]] as Maragatham's mother
*[[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Muthaiah's mother
*[[G. Sakunthala]] as the queen
*Seethalakshmi
*[[Roja Ramani|Baby Rojaramani]]
*[[T. S. Balaiah]] as Muthaiah's uncle
*[[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]] as Velu
*[[Sivakumar]] as Manickam
*[[V. S. Raghavan]] as Maragatham's father
*[[T. R. Ramachandran]] as Muthaiah's friend
*[[S. V. Ramadas]] as Indu's father
*[[Poornam Viswanathan]] as the palace secretary
*[[Master Prabhakar]]an as young Manickam
}}

== Production ==
''Rao Bahadur Singaram'' was a novel written by [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] and [[Serial (literature)|serialised]] in the magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]''. The novel dealt with the romance between a woman who raises a bull and a man who sets out to tame it. [[Gemini Studios]] decided to adapt Subbu's story as a feature film titled ''Vilaiyattu Pillai'',<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkatachalapathy |first=A. R. |date=21 January 2017 |title=Catching a sport by its horns |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/Catching-a-sport-by-its-horns/article17069540.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120205314/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/Catching-a-sport-by-its-horns/article17069540.ece |archive-date=20 January 2017 |access-date=4 December 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> with [[A. P. Nagarajan]] directing and writing the dialogues. The screenplay was written by [[S. S. Vasan]], the owner of Gemini Studios where the film was shot. Cinematography was handled by K. S. Prasad, and the editing by M. Umanath.<ref name="BFTP">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=21 June 2017 |title=Vilaiyattu Pillai (1970) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vilayattu-pillai/article19114674.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170802113747/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vilayattu-pillai/article19114674.ece |archive-date=2 August 2017 |access-date=2 August 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Filming took place prominently in Mysore especially at Lalitha Mahal where filming held for 15 days.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=8 July 1979 |title=சிவகுமார் 101 {{!}} 11–20 |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1979-07-08/kalki1979-07-08.pdf |access-date=8 September 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=62–64 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 2017 |title=செலுலாய்ட் சோழன் சிவாஜி தொடர் 167– சுதாங்கன் |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/24014 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181204095705/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/24014 |archive-date=4 December 2018 |access-date=4 December 2018 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |location=Nellai |language=ta}}</ref> Film historian [[Randor Guy]] believes this was the first Tamil film to have a race of the Tamil Nadu sport [[Rekla]] as its theme. Vasan died in 1969, when the film was still in production, and the film was dedicated to his memory.<ref name="BFTP" />

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]], with lyrics by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vilaiyattu Pillai |url=http://tamilsongslyrics123.com/listlyrics/355 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225063328/http://tamilsongslyrics123.com/listlyrics/355 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=25 February 2021 |website=Songs4all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vilayattu Pillai Tamil FIlm EP VInyl Record by KV Mahadevan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/vilayattu-pillai-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-kv-mahadevan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108100016/https://mossymart.com/product/vilayattu-pillai-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-kv-mahadevan/ |archive-date=8 November 2023 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Performer(s)
| title1 = Aasaikku Pillaiyendru
| extra1 = [[P. Susheela]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Sollamal Theriya Vendume
| extra2 = [[S. Janaki]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Yeru Perusa Intha Ooru Perusa
| extra3 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]], P. Susheela
| length3 =
| title4 = Thaazhnthirunthom Oru Kalathile
| extra4 = P. Susheela
| length4 =
| title5 = Sami Kathai Solla Kelunga
| extra5 = Chorus
| length5 =
| title6 = Arumugan Nambiye Aanai Mugan
| extra6 = T. M. Soundararajan, [[S. C. Krishnan]]
| length6 =
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Vilaiyattu Pillai'' was released on 20 February 1970.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 February 1970 |title=Vilayattu Pillai |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19700220&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=19 May 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=5 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' panned the film, saying it lacked the warmth of the novel and criticised its length, but praised the scenes of the taming of the elephant and the bull fight. The reviewer praised the performances of only Balaiah, Padmini and Sivakumar, while adding that Kanchana's role was "undefined", concluding that the film was a "waste of talent".<ref name="IE review">{{Cite news |date=28 February 1970 |title=Cinema |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19700228&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=26 November 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=12 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Despite this, the film was a major commercial success, running for 100 days in theatres.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ganesan |first1=Sivaji |author-link=Sivaji Ganesan |title=Autobiography of an Actor: Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928 – July 2001 |title-link=Autobiography of an Actor |last2=Narayana Swamy |first2=T.S. |publisher=Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust |year=2007 |location=Chennai |pages=242 |oclc=297212002 |orig-date=2002}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{A. P. Nagarajan}}
{{Gemini Studios}}

[[Category:1970 drama films]]
[[Category:1970 films]]
[[Category:1970 Indian films]]
[[Category:1970 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on Tamil novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. P. Nagarajan]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Gemini Studios films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]

Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro

2026-03-03T23:55:48Z

JunkoQxl0473817: typo fix

{{short description|1983 Hindi-language satirical black comedy}}
{{About|1983 film|2007 film with a similar title|Jaane Bhi Do Yaaron (2007 film)}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro
| image = Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro 1983 film poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Kundan Shah]]
| producer = [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]
| writer = Ranjit Kapoor [[Satish Kaushik]]
| screenplay = [[Sudhir Mishra]] [[Kundan Shah]]
| story = [[Sudhir Mishra]] [[Kundan Shah]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Naseeruddin Shah]]
* [[Ravi Baswani]]
* [[Bhakti Barve]]
* [[Satish Shah]]
* [[Om Puri]]
* [[Pankaj Kapur]]
* [[Satish Kaushik]]
* [[Neena Gupta]]
* [[Ashok Banthia]]
}}
| music = [[Vanraj Bhatia]]
| cinematography = [[Binod Pradhan]]
| editing = [[Renu Saluja]]
| studio = [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]
| distributor = [[Ultra Media & Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|1983|08|12|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/jaane-bhi-do-yaaro/movieshow/61294092.cms|title=Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro Movie|work=[[Times of India]]|access-date=1 August 2018}}</ref> 2 November 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/re-release-of-jaane-bhi-do-yaaro-historic-moment-kundan-shah-508131.html|title=Re-release of Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro historic moment: Kundan Shah |publisher=[[Firstpost]]|access-date=1 August 2018}}</ref>
| runtime = 132 min
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = [[Indian rupee|{{INR}}]] 8-9 [[lakh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-rare-pixt-the-making-of-jaane-bhi-do-yaaro/20121101.htm#1 |title=RARE PIX: The Making of Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro - Rediff.com Movies |work=Rediff.com |date=1 November 2012 |access-date=23 October 2013}}</ref>
| gross =
}}

'''''Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro''''' ({{translation|''Let It Go, Mates''}}) is a 1983 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Satire (film and television)|satirical]] [[black comedy]] film directed by [[Kundan Shah]] and produced by the [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]. It is a dark satire on the rampant [[Corruption in India#Politics|corruption in Indian politics]], [[Corruption in India#Bureaucracy|bureaucracy]], [[Mass media in India|news media]], and business. The film stars an ensemble cast including [[Naseeruddin Shah]], [[Ravi Baswani]], [[Om Puri]], [[Pankaj Kapur]], [[Satish Shah]], [[Satish Kaushik]], [[Bhakti Barve]] and [[Neena Gupta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=8959|title=ANALYSIS: On-screen journos|date=3 September 2004|publisher=Screen}}{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050220/spectrum/main5.htm|title=Cinemascoop|date=20 February 2005|work=The Tribune}}</ref> [[Blowup|''Blow-Up'']], a 1966 English-language film directed by [[Michelangelo Antonioni]] in which a photographer unwittingly takes photographs of the killing, was an inspiration for a part of ''Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro''.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 May 2013|title=Director's Perspective... Part I|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tWPgvHVT5s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/1tWPgvHVT5s |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|access-date=9 October 2017|publisher=NFDC(cinemasofindia)}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=15 November 2012|title=Celebrating 30 Years Of Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro With Filmmaker Kundan Shah At MFCC 2012|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4Cn5Z93zK4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/h4Cn5Z93zK4 |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|publisher=Comic Con India}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Kundan Shah won the 1984 [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director]] for his work. The film was part of the [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]] Retrospective at [[India International Film Festival]] in 2006.<ref>[http://www.iffigoa.org/iffi2006/retro-films-det_aid_179_cid_10.php Jaane Bhi Do Yaaron (Who Pays the Piper)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223193847/http://www.iffigoa.org/iffi2006/retro-films-det_aid_179_cid_10.php |date=23 February 2009 }} [[India International Film Festival]] Official website.</ref>

==Plot==

Professional photographers Vinod Chopra and Sudhir Mishra open a photo studio in the prestigious [[Haji Ali]] area in Bombay. After a disastrous start, they are given some work by Shobha Sen, the editor of ''Khabardar'' ({{translation|''Beware''}}, a pun on ''khabar'' meaning news), a publication that exposes the scandalous lives of the rich and the famous. Impressed with their work, Shobha hires them for a story about the connection between the Municipal Commissioner D'Mello and Tarneja, a builder. They find Tarneja and his business rival Ahuja working together to bribe D'Mello in order to win the contracts for construction of four fly-overs. Shobha asks the two photographers to create a rift between Tarneja and Ahuja. Vinod, impersonating [[Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyoon Aata Hai? (1980 film)|Albert Pinto]], leads Tarneja to believe that Ahuja, with Shobha's assistance, is trying to cheat him. Tarneja and Ahuja fight until Tarneja's secretary Priya arrives with Assistant Municipal Commissioner Srivastav and tells them that D'Mello has given the contracts to neither Tarneja nor Ahuja but to someone else.

Meanwhile, Sudhir and Vinod decide to enter a photography contest promising Rs. 5000/- and take a number of photos all over the city. In one of the photos, they see a man shooting someone and after enlarging it, they realize that the killer is Tarneja. They return to the park where they shot that photo and eventually find out the crime scene. They find the body lying behind the bushes but before the duo can get to the body, it disappears, but they manage to retrieve one of a pair of gold cuff links.

Sometime later, Srivastav has become the new commissioner. Tarneja has built a fly-over, dedicating it to the memory of late D'Mello, who he says died of a terminal disease. Vinod and Sudhir attend the inauguration of the fly-over and discover the other cuff link there. They return at night and dig up the area and unearth a coffin containing the dead body of D'Mello. They take several photos but lose the corpse again. Shobha starts blackmailing Tarneja with the photos. He invites her, Vinod and Sudhir for dinner and plants a time bomb to kill them. The bomb explodes after the three escape. They later find out from the news that the fly-over built in the memory of D'Mello collapsed and the police suspect sabotage from Vinod and Sudhir. The duo learn about Shobha's blackmail and disassociate from her.

Vinod and Sudhir find out that the body is with Ahuja who had, in an inebriated condition, carried the coffin to his farmhouse. They steal the corpse but not before Tarneja, Ahuja, Srivastav, Shobha and others also get involved resulting in a series of comic mix-ups, resulting in Vinod and Sudhir having to hide D'Mello's body in a play production of the ''[[Mahabharata]]''.

Vinod and Sudhir present their evidence to the police when they arrive at the theatre. Tarneja threatens to take Ahuja, Shobha and Srivastav down with him. Srivastav brokers a deal between the four of them. He frames Vinod and Sudhir for the collapse of the bridge, jailing the two. In the final scene, Vinod and Sudhir are shown released from prison. Still in their prison clothes, they make a symbolic cut-throat gesture.

== Cast ==
* [[Naseeruddin Shah]] as Vinod Chopra
* [[Ravi Baswani]] as Sudhir Mishra
* [[Om Puri]] as Ahuja, a corrupt contractor
* [[Pankaj Kapur]] as Tarneja, a corrupt contractor who murders D'Mello
* [[Satish Shah]] as D'Mello, Municipal Commissioner
* [[Bhakti Barve]] as Shobha Sen, editor of the "Khabardar" magazine (voice dubbed by [[Anita Kanwar]])
* [[Rajesh Puri]] as Kamdar, assistant editor of the "Khabardar" magazine
* [[Satish Kaushik]] as Ashok Namboodirippad, Tarneja's assistant
* [[Neena Gupta]] as Priya, Tarneja's secretary
* [[Deepak Qazir]] as Srivastav, Assistant Municipal Commissioner
* [[Zafar Sanjari]]
* [[Ashok Banthia]] as News correspondent
* [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]] as theater actor playing [[Dushasana]]
* [[Anupam Kher]] as voiceover for Architect Tulyaani at construction site
* [[Ajay Wadhavkar]] as [[Police Constable]] under the bridge

== Reception ==
[[Image:Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro - 1983 - Draupadi Cheer Haran Scene.png|thumb|200px|right|The Mahabharata scene is considered to be one of the major highlights of the film, and has been praised for its humour.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wdVHFs8WjwEC&q=Jaane+Bhi+Do+Yaaro:+Seriously+Funny+Since+1983,|title=Jaane Bhee Do Yaaro: Seriously Funny since 1983|last=Singh|first=Jai Arjun|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|year=2012|isbn=9789350292785}}</ref>]]

In 2010, Dhiraj Nayyar in his [[op-ed]] for [[The Indian Express]] wrote, "In 1983, the average cinema-goer would perhaps have empathised closely with the two heroes and their tangle with the establishment. In contrast, in 2010, the average cinema-goer can perhaps only sympathise with the heroes given that it is perfectly possible to prosper without seeking favour from or getting entangled with a small cabal of crooks."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-tragicomedy-of-the-80s/ |title=The tragic comedy of the '80s |work=The Indian Express|date=30 July 2010 |access-date=2 October 2012}}</ref> In a retrospective review in 2020, Jyoti Kanyal of ''[[India Today]]'' wrote, "The film was released in 1983, but it is still relevant in the current times, given the current socio-political state of the country. In 1983, the year before Indira Gandhi's assassination, the nation was not in the best of moods. People were raising voices against corruption and intolerance. Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro chose to laugh away the bruise. It didn't hesitate from references and cross-references to politicians and scams."<ref>{{cite web |last=Janyal |first=Jyoti |date=13 August 2020 |title=Throwback Thursday: 37 years of Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro, the most hilarious Bollywood satire ever |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/throwback-thursday-37-years-of-jaane-bhi-do-yaaro-the-most-hilarious-bollywood-satire-ever-1710807-2020-08-13 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=29 January 2025}}</ref>

==Re-release==
A digitally restored print of the film was released on 2 November 2012 at selected theaters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/jaane-bhi-do-yaaro-rereleases-120294-2012-11-02 |title=Cult classic Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro to tickle your funny bone again, re-releases today : Bollywood, News - India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=2 November 2012 |access-date=23 October 2013}}</ref> The film opened to an enthusiastic welcome from the media.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-jaane-bhi-do-yaaro-is-the-best-film-of-the-year_1759825 |title=Review: Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro is the best film of the year - Entertainment - DNA |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date=3 November 2012 |access-date=23 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jaane-bhi-do-yaaro-review-why-the-angry-brand-of-heroism-is-still-relevant/303501-8-66.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105051126/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jaane-bhi-do-yaaro-review-why-the-angry-brand-of-heroism-is-still-relevant/303501-8-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 November 2012 |title='Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro' Review: Why the angry brand of heroism is still relevant |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=2 November 2012 |access-date=23 October 2013}}</ref>

== Awards ==
'''[[31st National Film Awards]]:'''
* [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director]]: [[Kundan Shah]]<ref>[http://www.nfdcindia.com/view_film.php?film_id=27&categories_id=3 'Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro' on NFDC website]</ref>

; [[32nd Filmfare Awards]]<nowiki>:</nowiki>

'''Won'''

* [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Comedian]] – [[Ravi Baswani]]

'''Nominated'''

* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]] – [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] – [[Kundan Shah]]
* Best Comedian – [[Satish Shah]]

==See also==
* [[Assassinations in fiction#Films|Assassinations in fiction]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://in.rediff.com/movies/2004/jan/22film.htm What makes a perfect comedy?]
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{National Film Award Best First Film of a Director}}
{{Kundan Shah}}

[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:1983 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1983 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian black comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about photojournalists]]
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Corruption in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Best Debut Feature Film of a Director National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian avant-garde and experimental films]]
[[Category:1980s avant-garde and experimental films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:1983 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kundan Shah]]

Naam Iruvar (1985 film)

2026-03-03T05:21:31Z

JunkoQxl0473817: enhance citations for clarity and corrected details for consistency

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Naam Iruvar
| image = Naam Iruvar (1985).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[R. Krishnamoorthy]]
| producer = A. V. M. Kumaran
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] [[Charle]]
| cinematography = T S Vinayagam
| music = [[Gangai Amaran]]
| studio = [[AVM Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|1985|03|08|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Naam Iruvar''''' ({{translation|We Two}}) is a 1985 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film, directed by [[R. Krishnamoorthy]] and produced by [[AVM Productions]]. The film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] and [[Charle]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=241-250 |url=http://nadigarthilagam.com/filmographyp25.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128041903/http://nadigarthilagam.com/filmographyp25.htm |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=28 November 2022 |website=nadigarthilagam.com}}</ref> It is a remake of the [[Kannada]] film ''[[Ramapurada Ravana]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2013 |title=Top ten Kannada films to have been remade |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/photo-features/top-ten-kannada-films-to-have-been-remade/photostory/27975343.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128042220/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/photo-features/top-ten-kannada-films-to-have-been-remade/photostory/27975343.cms |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=28 November 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and was Ganesan's 250th film as an actor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2019 |title='வசந்தமாளிகை'யில் ஜெயலலிதா - சிவாஜி நினைவுநாள் இன்று! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/508083-sivaji.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610150859/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/508083-sivaji.html |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=28 November 2022 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Veerayya ([[Sivaji Ganesan]]) is a retired alcoholic soldier that's living in his hometown with his niece, Radha ([[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]). Raja ([[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]]) arrives in town as the new teacher and is offered a place to stay at the home of the trustee of the school, Sivagami ([[Srividya]]). Veerayya and Sivagami were in love once but couldn't get married. Her father, Somasundaram ([[V. S. Raghavan]]) was the town leader and opposed the match due to Veerayya's illiteracy and lack of wealth. Sivagami was set to marry a man that her father chose but he died on the wedding day and she remains unmarried. Veerayya left town due to his heartbreak and joined the army. He now spends his days drinking and fighting against the injustices meted out by Periyadurai ([[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]]) to the townspeople. Periyadurai smuggles drugs, prints counterfeit cash and has murdered townspeople in his bid to become rich and powerful. He's assisted in his misdeeds by his younger brother Chelladurai ([[Sivachandran]]), mistress Mayilu ([[Kovai Sarala]]) and right-hand man Papo ([[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]]).
Veerayya turns over a new leaf and gives up drinking after Raja's interference. Raja also begins to teach Veerayya. Radha and Raja also fall in love. Periyadurai plans to steal the money the townspeople collect to make improvements to the school. His plan is discovered by the Panchayat Board executive officer, Ramalingam ([[V. Gopalakrishnan (actor)|V. Gopalakrishnan]]) who is also Sivagami's brother. Periyadurai's group kills Ramalingam and sets it up to look like he was the thief. This sets Sivagami, Veerayya and Raja against Peryiradurai as the trio work together to uncover the depths of his misdeeds and bring him to justice.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Veerayya
*[[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] as DSP Shankar / Raja
*[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] as Radha
*[[Srividya]] as Sivagami
*[[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]] as Periyadurai
*[[Charle]] as Samipillai
*[[Sivachandran]] as Chelladurai
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as Mayilu
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as Papo
*[[V. Gopalakrishnan (actor)|V. Gopalakrishnan]] as Ramalingam
*[[Loose Mohan]] as Govindan
*[[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] as Govindan's wife
*[[V. S. Raghavan]] as Somasundaram (Special Appearance)
*[[Jayamalini]] as a dancer in the Potten Ginger
*Suresh Chakravarthi
}}

==Production==
The film's title was named after 1947 film of [[Naam Iruvar (1947 film)|same name]] also produced by AVM Productions.<ref>{{cite news|title=சிவாஜி - பிரபு நடிக்கும் ஏவிஎம்மின் நாம் இருவர்|work=Anna|language=ta|access-date=24 June 2025|url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP372-6-23-8-309|page=3|date=1 September 1984|via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>
== Soundtrack ==
Soundtrack was composed by [[Gangai Amaran]], with lyrics by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 1984 |title=Naam Iruvar (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/naam-iruvar-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1364856921 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128041619/https://music.apple.com/in/album/naam-iruvar-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1364856921 |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=28 November 2022 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Naam Iruvar Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Gangai Ameran |url=https://macsendisk.com/product/naam-iruvar-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-gangai-ameran/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128041901/https://macsendisk.com/product/naam-iruvar-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-gangai-ameran/ |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=28 November 2022 |website=Macsendisk}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Thiruvizha
| extra1 = [[P. Jayachandran]], [[B. S. Sasirekha]]
| title2 = Onnudhan
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. P. Sailaja]]
| title3 = Potten Ginger
| extra3 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. Janaki]]
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1445692}}
{{AVM Productions}}

[[Category:1985 Indian films]]
[[Category:1985 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1985 films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Films directed by R. Krishnamoorthy]]
[[Category:Films scored by Gangai Amaran]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Kannada films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Murder of Anu Bansal

2026-02-26T21:19:00Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Added basic post first draft

{{Short description|2016 murder in India}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| image =
| caption =
| date = 14 June 2016
| title = Murder of Anu Bansal
| location = [[Bulandshahr]], India
| time =
| timezone =
| type = [[Burn|Burning]]
| place =
| verdict =
| perp = Manoj Bansal
| victim = Anu Bansal
| convictions = [[Murder in Indian law|Murder]]
{{Infobox event
| title =
| child = yes
| sentence = Life imprisonment
}}
}}

On 14 June 2016 '''Anu Bansal''' from [[Bulandshahr]], India, received 80% [[burn|burns]] to her body and died at [[Safdarjung Hospital]], [[New Delhi]], a few days later. In July 2022, her husband, Manoj Bansal, was found guilty of killing her for "not giving birth to a son".<ref name=BBC2022/> He received life imprisonment and a fine of Rs 20,000.

In 2016 a [[first information report]] (FIR) was filed under Section 302 (murder) of the [[Indian Penal Code]] (IPC), which the police later changed to 306 (suicide). The case was reopened two months later, following a letter written by Bansal's daughter Latika, to the then chief minister [[Akhilesh Yadav]], who subsequently recruited senior officials to take on the case. In court, Bansal's daughter's recounted their eyewitness account of their mother being burned, and told the court that their father was frequently abusive to their mother for the reason that she gave birth to daughters and not sons.

The story gained wide media coverage, including in ''[[The Times of India]]'', the [[BBC News]], ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'', and ''[[The Probe (news)|The Probe]]'', which led its readers to ''The Lancet's''' 2021 report that shows that 50% of the world's missing female births occur in India due to [[sex-selective abortion]].

==Background==
Anu Bansal was born to Omwati Devi of [[Bulandshahr]], India.<ref name=TOI29July2022>{{cite news |title=UP: Mother was forced to 'abort' five times to 'produce a male heir' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/up-mother-was-forced-to-abort-five-times-to-produce-a-male-heir/articleshow/93201139.cms |access-date=2 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=29 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302063715/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/up-mother-was-forced-to-abort-five-times-to-produce-a-male-heir/articleshow/93201139.cms|archive-date=2 March 2023}}</ref> In 2000 she married Manoj Bansal of Sheetal Ganj, a village within [[Bulandshahr district]].<ref name=BN2022>{{cite news |last=Sharma|first=Varun|title=Bulandshahr News: तान्या और लतिका ने मां को जिंदा जलते देखा था, पिता को हुई सजा तो लिपट कर रो पड़ीं |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/bulandshahr/daughters-jailed-murderer-father-in-bulandshahr-wife-was-burnt-alive-for-not-having-son/articleshow/93175750.cms |access-date=28 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302122629/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/bulandshahr/daughters-jailed-murderer-father-in-bulandshahr-wife-was-burnt-alive-for-not-having-son/articleshow/93175750.cms|archive-date=2 March 2023|work=[[Navbharat Times]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=TOI29July2022/> Latika and Tanya are their daughters.<ref name=TOI29July2022/>

==Incident and investigation==
On 14 June 2016, Bansal received 80% [[burn|burns]] to her body and died at [[Safdarjung Hospital]], New Delhi on 20 June.<ref name=BBC2022>{{cite news |last=Pandey|first=Geeta|title=Bulandshahr: India girls who wrote letter with blood get justice |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-62344788 |access-date=26 February 2023 |work=BBC News |date=29 July 2022}}</ref><ref name=WION2022>{{cite news |title=A gruesome crime, a letter with blood, a battle for justice: Indian man jailed for life for burning wife alive |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-a-gruesome-crime-a-letter-with-blood-a-battle-for-justice-man-jailed-for-life-for-burning-wife-alive-501874 |access-date=28 February 2023 |work=WION}}</ref>

A [[first information report]] (FIR) was filed under Section 302 (murder) of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which the police later changed to 306 (suicide).<ref name=TOI29July2022/> The case was reopened two months later, following a letter written by Latika to the then chief minister [[Akhilesh Yadav]], who subsequently recruited senior officials to take on the case.<ref name=BBC2022/><ref name=Rana2016>{{cite news |last1=Rana |first1=Uday |title=Bulandshahr teen writes letter to UP CM in blood: 'I saw my mother burned alive, give her justice' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/bulandshahr-teen-writes-letter-to-up-cm-in-blood-i-saw-my-mother-burned-alive-give-her-justice/articleshow/53657915.cms |access-date=26 February 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=11 August 2016}}</ref><ref name=ToI2016>{{cite news |last=Rana|first=Uday|title=After girl writes letter in blood to CM, police reopen probe into her mother's death |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/after-girl-writes-letter-in-blood-to-cm-police-reopen-probe-into-her-mothers-death/articleshow/53673682.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226095652/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/after-girl-writes-letter-in-blood-to-cm-police-reopen-probe-into-her-mothers-death/articleshow/53673682.cms|archive-date=26 February 2023 |access-date=26 February 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=12 August 2016}}</ref> The letter quoted [[Beti Bachao Beti Padhao]] and stated that their father and other members of his family burnt their mother, Anu Bansal, alive, and that subsequently the police deliberately changed the cause from "murder" to "suicide".<ref name=BBC2022/><ref name=Tahir2022/> The letter by the daughters received attention as it was written in Latika's own blood.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-29 |title=Bulandshahr: India girls who wrote letter with blood get justice |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-62344788 |access-date=2025-04-22 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Lawyer Sanjay Sharma, represented the daughters, who recounted in court that their father was frequently abusive both psychologically and physically to their mother for the reason that she gave birth to daughters and not sons.<ref name="Rana2016" /><ref name=ToI2016/> The court was informed that she had been forced to terminate pregnancies after illegal sex determination tests showed that she was pregnant with a female fetus.<ref name=BBC2022/>{{efn|Termination of pregnancies for the reason of the unborn baby being female increased in almost 75% of India’s districts between 2001 and 2011, and occurs within the background of a greater discrimination towards daughters than sons, as a result of a mixture of socioeconomic, cultural, and historical elements, despite that under the [[Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994]] using [[prenatal sex discernment|prenatal diagnostic techniques for sex-selective]] abortions is illegal.<ref name=Tahir2022>{{cite news |last1=Tahir |first1=Muhammad |title=The dark tales of India's missing girls |url=https://theprobe.in/stories/the-dark-tales-of-indias-missing-girls/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226095519/https://theprobe.in/stories/the-dark-tales-of-indias-missing-girls/|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023 |work=The Probe |date=9 October 2022 }}</ref><ref name=Saikia2021>{{cite journal |last1=Saikia |first1=Nandita |last2=Meh |first2=Catherine |last3=Ram |first3=Usha |last4=Bora |first4=Jayanta Kumar |last5=Mishra |first5=Bhaskar |last6=Chandra |first6=Shailaja |last7=Jha |first7=Prabhat |title=Trends in missing females at birth in India from 1981 to 2016: analyses of 2·1 million birth histories in nationally representative surveys |journal=The Lancet Global Health |date=June 2021 |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=e813–e821 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00094-2 |pmid=33838741 |s2cid=233212487 |language=English |issn=2214-109X|doi-access=free }}</ref>}} The girls stated in their testimony that "At 6:30am, we were woken up by the cries of our mother. We couldn't help her because the door of our room was locked from the outside. We watched her burn".<ref name=BBC2022/> According to Latika they called the local police and ambulance services but were "ignored".<ref name=BBC2022/> They then called their maternal uncle and grandmother who transferred her to a hospital.<ref name=BBC2022/>

==Verdict==
In 2022 Manoj Bansal was found guilty of killing his wife Anu Bansal for "not giving birth to a son".<ref name=BBC2022/> He received life imprisonment and a fine of Rs 20,000.<ref name=BN2022/> At the time of sentencing, he was 48 years old.<ref name=Tandon2022>{{cite news |last1=Tandon |first1=Aditi |title=Daughters' testimony lands father in jail for life |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/daughters-testimony-lands-father-in-jail-for-life-416993 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226105232/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/daughters-testimony-lands-father-in-jail-for-life-416993|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=29 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Responses==
''[[The Times of India]]'' reported on the reopening of the case in 2016 and the verdict in 2022.<ref name=Rana2016/><ref name=ToI2016/><ref name="Sharma2022">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Sachin |title=UP: Sisters fight 6 years to get father convicted for mother's murder |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/up-sisters-fight-6-years-to-get-father-convicted-for-mothers-murder/articleshow/93198612.cms |access-date=1 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=29 July 2022}}</ref> The [[BBC News]] stated that Bulandshahr's court "agreed that Bansal was guilty of killing his wife" for want of a son, based on a belief "rooted in a widely-held cultural belief that a male child would carry forward the family legacy and look after the parents in their old age, while daughters would cost them dowries and leave them for their matrimonial homes."<ref name=BBC2022/> In response to the verdict ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' stated that it questioned the cultural preference for sons.<ref name=Tandon2022/> ''[[The Probe (news)|The Probe]]'' concluded their report on the murder that "like Anu Bansal, numerous women are forced to abort their baby girls and are assaulted or killed when they raise their voices in abusive marriages. The dark tales of India's aborted daughters and missing females should be a wake-up call to our government."<ref name=Tahir2022/> It used the story to direct their readers to ''The Lancet's'' report that shows that due to sex-selective abortion India accounts for 50% of the world's missing female births.<ref name=Tahir2022/>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bansal, Murder of Anu}}
[[Category:2010s in India]]
[[Category:2016 murders in India]]
[[Category:Female murder victims]]
[[Category:Deaths from fire]]
[[Category:Uxoricides in India]]

Maramon Convention

2026-02-21T03:09:31Z

JunkoQxl0473817: formatting fix

{{Short description|Annual religious meeting in Kerala, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox recurring event
| name = Maramon Convention
| image = File:Maramon speech.JPG
| logo =
| dates = Second week of February
| frequency = Annually
| location = [[Maramon]], [[Kozhencherry]], [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Kerala]], India
| founded = 1895
| genre = Christian conferences
| website = https://mtconvention.com/
| organised = [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]] - through Mar Thoma Evangelistic Association '''(MTEA)'''
}}
The ''' Maramon Convention''', is the largest Christian [[Convention (meeting)|convention]] in Asia, held at [[Maramon]], [[Kozhencherry]], [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Kerala]], India annually in February on the vast sand-bed of the [[Pampa River]] next to the [[Kozhencherry]] Bridge. It is organised by Mar Thoma Evangelistic Association, the missionary wing of the [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]].

The origin and growth of this annual get-together for one week at a stretch can be traced to the great revival movement which gathered momentum during the reformation period in the Syrian Churches of Kerala under the pioneering leadership of [[Abraham Malpan]] in the latter part of the 19th century. This brought about the transformation in resurgence of the ancient apostolic Churches in Kerala founded by St. Thomas the Apostle<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/apocryphal_acts_07_judas_thomas.htm|title=Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles (1871) Volume 2. Pp.146-298. The acts of Judas Thomas (Or, the twin), the apostle}}</ref> approximately in AD 52.

==Cultural identity of Saint Thomas Christians==

Saint Thomas in the Syriac-speaking culture of upper Mesopotamia and Syria the apostle was called Judas Thomas. Thomas (Tau'ma) means twin in Syriac.<ref>Maelle Doliveux, "Newsweek", January 2015. Page 6-41.</ref>

[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in his [[Glimpses of World History]], 1934 wrote about Christianity in India:

"You may be surprised to learn that Christianity came to India long before it went to England or Western Europe, and when even in Rome it was a despised and proscribed sect. Within 100 years or so of the death of Jesus, Christian Missionaries came to South India by sea. They were received courteously and permitted to preach their new faith. They converted a large number of people, and their descendants have lived there, with varying fortune, to this day. Most of them belong to old Christian sects which have ceased to exist in Europe".

[[Ephrem the Syrian|St. Ephraem]], a Christian deacon and scholar, in AD 363 composed a poem that honors St. Thomas in that era's understanding:<ref name="Pothan1963">{{cite book|author=S. G. Pothan|title=The Syrian Christians of Kerala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KFIAAAAMAAJ|year=1963|publisher=Asia Publishing House|page=25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ecumenical review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNNPAQAAIAAJ|year=1992|page=91}}</ref>

"Blessed art thou, like a solar ray, India’s darkness doth dispel. Thou the great lamp, one among the Twelve, with oil from the cross replenished India’s night flooded with light. Oh Blessed Apostle, valiant Mar Thoma whom violent threats did not affright, Blessed apostle be thou praised, whom the Great King has sent that India to his one begotten thou shouldest espouse."

An ancient Indian non-Christian work ''Nagargarandhavaryola'' mentions St. Thomas:<ref name="Moraes1964">{{cite book|author=George Mark Moraes|author-link=George M. Moraes|title=A History of Christianity in India: From Early Times to St. Francis Xavier: A.D. 52-1542|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dM_YAAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=Manaktalas|page=40}}</ref><ref name="Wulf2016">{{cite book|author=Christoph Wulf|title=Exploring Alterity in a Globalized World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZxeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150|date=13 January 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-33113-1|pages=149–150}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=February 2017}}

In AD 52 "the foreigner Thomas Sanyasi came to our village, preached there causing pollution. We therefore came away from that village."

==Mar Thoma Evangelistic Association==

By 1877, there were two factions in the Malankara church, known as Bishop faction (Methran Kakshi) and Patriarch faction (Bava Kakshi). By a court verdict on 12 July 1889, Bishop faction lost all the properties. In this turbulent period, on 5 September 1888, 12 members of the Bishop faction formed a missionary group called "Mar Thoma Evangelistic Association".<ref>Rev.George Alexander (Ed). "Maramon Convention Sathapdhi Valum-'95." Page 166.</ref><ref>''Mar Thoma Sabha Directory''. (1999). Page 149.</ref> These 12 members are considered the founding fathers of the Maramon convention. The names of these 12 members are:-
[[File:Kadavil Malika.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Kadavil Malika]]

# Kottarathil Thomas Kasseessa, [[Chengannur]]
# Edavamvelil Mathai, [[Eraviperoor]].
# Kottooreth Yohannan, Chengannur
# Chempakasseril Kadavil Abraham, [[Kallissery]]
# Chakkalayil Cherian Upadesi, [[Puthencavu]]
# Chempakasseril Kadavil Mathuchen, Kallissery
# Azhakinal Thommi, [[Kallooppara]]
# Nathaniel Upadesi, Chengannur
# Kurichiath (Vattadiyil) Ittiyavara, [[Niranam]]
# Arangat Philipose, Maramon
# Ottaplammoottil Kunju Mathew, Kallissery
# Kochumannil Skariah, Edayaranmula

They met at the [[Kadavil Malika]] belonging to Chempakasseril Kadavil Abraham and Chempakasseril Kadavil Mathuchen (1860 - 1897). This house at Kallissery near Chengannur was built by their grandfather Unnittan Kathanar (1767 - 1852) and his son Abraham Kathanar (1822 - 1884) also known as Kadavil Achen, in the early 19th century. ''(The [[Kadavil Malika]] was reclaimed by the [[Malankara Marthoma Syrian Church ]] church and renovated on 10 September 2005.)''

==Beginning==

By 1894, a number of small supportive prayer group communions emerged and this paved a way for revival.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} They had regular meetings in various parishes. Because the number of people attending these meetings was growing; the need was addressed by deciding to have a meeting of these groups in a wider level at a central accessible place. This was a venue for dimensional spiritual edification that is applicable, biblically sound, [[Cardinal virtues|ideal]] and [[Fruit of the Holy Spirit|value based]]<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|13:12-13|NLT}}</ref> for striving with the realities of the world and never a place for signs, wonders and miracles.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|16:4|NLT}}</ref> During the 19th century, people began to occupy hilly places which resulted in felling of forests in and around the catchment area of [[Pampa River|Pampa river]] and started intensive cultivation of annual crops like tapioca, yams ... etc.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} This unplanned encroachment resulted in large scale soil erosion.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} Deep river with mud was filled with white sand, which turned to be congenial place to assemble for a gathering of masses. No need for any seating arrangement as people can sit on the neat white sand bed under roofs made by knitted coconut leaves. The duty of organising this meeting was given to the Mar Thoma Evangelistic Association and the first convention was held in 1895 at Maramon. Today the changing habitat and lesser focus on agriculture with rise of rubber plantation, the surfaced roads minimised soil erosion and a large scale sand mining for construction activities decreased the size of the sand bed to a great extent.

By 1900 reformers adopted the name Malankara Marthoma Suriyani Sabha also known as the [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]] to encase its ancient lineage.

==Pictures==

[[File:Maramon convention.JPG|thumbnail|300px|Maramon Convention – 2008]]
This view of the 2008 convention is from [[Kozhencherry]] side. The Kozhencherry bridge is on the right. There are usually no empty spaces inside the Panthal (tent) so people stand outside and group around the shade to listen to the songs and messages.
[[File:MaramonConvention 2009.JPG|thumbnail|300px|Maramon Convention – 2009]]
This view of the 2009 convention is from [[Maramon]] side. The Kozhencherry bridge is on the left.

==The first convention==
The first convention was held for 10 days from 8 to 17 March 1895.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} The venue was the vast sand-bed of the [[Pampa River]] next to the Maramon church. The parishes in and around Maramon – Kozhencherry helped in making a very large panthal (tent) to accommodate about 10,000 people. The main speakers were David and Wordsworth.{{who|date=October 2015}} On an average 10,000 to 15,000 people attended these meetings. On the last day almost 25,000 attended. There were no proper roads during those days. So nearby houses accommodated the people from far away places. Some of them came in boats and used them as their shelter.

==The convention at present==
Maramon Convention is held for eight days during the first week of the Great Lent that usually falls in February. The tent has a [[seating capacity]] in excess of 160,000 people. They are seated on the dry sand bed. Old and weak are given sponsored-paid chairs to sit on. There is also a smaller tent erected next to the larger one for people with infants and with children below 5. All around the temporary tent there are prayer and rest sheds and other tents for various purposes related to the Church. Stalls for the sale of religious literature and other items, church mission advertisement and funding offices and restaurants are allowed to operate in the vicinity of the tent under the control of the Church authorities.

==Programme==
[[File:maramonconvention.jpg|thumbnail|224px|A view of the Convention Nagar, people returning after a session in 1994.]]
The Maramon Convention is pre-eminently an assembly of Christians who once a year come here for listening to the Word of God as read and expounded by Christian leaders from all over India as well as abroad. Introduction and promotion of Church activities and Preaching occupy the major part of the convention programme. In the morning there will be separate Bible study classes for Men, women, youth and children conducted by specially invited leaders. The mornings and afternoons are public meetings and in the evening, meetings are for men only. Four of the afternoon public meetings are for 'Facing the challenges of Social evils as Christians'. The choir leads the singing and the introduction of voguish songs and the whole gathering joins in singing.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} A hymn book with 101 hymns including 16 new ones are printed every year for the convention use. Everyday half an hour is spent for intercessory prayer.<ref>Mathew 6:5</ref> Also there are family gatherings, youth meetings and special gatherings after the afternoon session.

==Leaders==
In addition to the Metropolitan and Episcopas of the church, distinguished world-renowned speakers addressed this convention. The Revd Thomas Walker, England (1900–1912), [[Sadhu Sunder Singh]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]] (1918), Dr. G. [[Sherwood Eddy]] (1919), Dr. [[E. Stanley Jones]], USA (1920–1968), Dr. [[Toyohiko Kagawa]], Japan (1938), [[John R. Mott]], Nobel Peace Prize winner (1946) and President of World Alliance of YMCAs, Dr. Bob Pierce, founder and president of [[World Vision]] (1964 & 66), Astronaut Colonel [[James Irwin]], who spent a few hours on the moon (1985), Dr. John Haggai,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haggai-institute.com/who-we-are/our-leadership-team/john-edmund-haggai/ |title=Dr. John Edmund Haggai - Haggai Institute |access-date=2015-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115040130/http://www.haggai-institute.com/who-we-are/our-leadership-team/john-edmund-haggai/ |archive-date=15 January 2015 }}</ref> founder president of Haggai Institute (1973), Bishop Donald Jacobs, [[Mennonite]] church (1974), the Most Revd Dr. [[Robert Runcie]], Archbishop of Canterbury (1986), the Most Revd Dr. [[George Carey]], Archbishop of Canterbury (1995), Mrs. Ann Lotts

( D/o Late [[Billy Graham]]), Rev. Dr. Theodore Williams, Dr. [[Samuel Kobia]], WCC General Secretary (2007), Dr. Paul S. Rees (Ministry statesman),<ref>{{cite book|author=William Kostlevy|title=The A to Z of the Holiness Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=23-KTx1iMiIC&pg=PA247|year=2010|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8108-7591-3|pages=247–248}}</ref> Revd Dr. [[A. B. Masilamani]], Rev. Dr. Samuel Kamaleson (Veterinarian & Evangelist), and a host of others.<ref>Rev.George Alexander (Ed). "Maramon Convention Sathapdhi Valum-'95." Page 83-95.</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=citation is not peer-reviewed|date=October 2015}} Rev. Prof. Valson Thampu (author, preacher, and educationist)

==History==

===2023===
The head of the [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]], The Most Rev Dr Theodosius Mar Thomas Metropolitan spoke against the government for their handling of the cost-of-living crisis and failure to look after the citizens of Kerala.<ref>[https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/02/12/maramon-convention-mar-thoma-church-dr-theodosius-metropolitan-criticises-kerala-government-fuel-cess.html Onmanorama website, article dated February 12, 2023]</ref>

===2022===
The Kerala government allowed up to 1500 adults to attend the convention, if they could show a negative test for Covid 19.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/covid-kerala-government-curbs-gathering-religious-festivals-1912140-2022-02-12 India Today website, article dated February 12, 202]</ref> The convention ran from 13–20 February.<ref>[https://www.mcmat.edu.in/mcmat-headline-news/maramon-convention-mcmat/ Marthoma College website, Maramon Convention-MCMAT]</ref>

===2021===
Kerala High Court ordered that the convention could go ahead on 14–21 February, but that Covid 19 protocol should be strictly followed;<ref>[https://primelegal.in/2021/02/13/monitoring-and-suitable-measures-to-be-taken-at-maramon-convention-in-the-light-of-covid-19-kerala-high-court/ Prime Legal website, ''Monitoring and suitable measures to be taken at Maramon Convention in the light of Covid-19: Kerala High Court'', article dated February 14, 2021]</ref> numbers were limited to 100 persons for indoor venues, and 200 persons for outdoor venues.

===2020===
The convention took a stance against the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act]] (CAA) and the [[National Population Register]]; this was due to a belief that such laws would lead to religious and caste divide.<ref>[https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/feb/10/maramon-convention-against-citizenship-amendment-act-2101286.html New Indian Express website, ''Maramon Convention against Citizenship Amendment Act'', article dated February 10, 2020]</ref>

===2019===
From 2019 onward, women were allowed to attend the evening events.<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/india/women-allowed-at-evening-session-of-maramon-convention-5546759/ Indian Express website, article by Shaju Philip dated January 20, 2019]</ref>
In the same year, the evening conventions were to be moved from Pampa river sand bed to the Mar Thoma Church Kozhenchery.<ref>[https://eventslate.com/maramon-convention-569053124 Eventslate website, Maramon Convention, article published January 29th 2019]</ref>

===2018===
The 123rd Maramon Convention, was scheduled from 11 to 17 February. The main speakers for the convention were Rt. Rev. [[Peter Eaton|Peter D. Eaton]] ([[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopalian]] Bishop, Southeast Florida Diocese); Rt. Rev. Dr. Soritua Nababan (Bishop Emeritus of [[Batak Christian Protestant Church]], Indonesia and ex-officio of [[World Council of Churches]]) - ''cancelled''; [[Robert Barron (bishop)|Bishop Robert Barron]], [[Auxiliary bishop|Auxiliary Bishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles|Archdiocese of Los Angeles]] - ''cancelled''; Rev. Dr. Francis Sunderaraj, ([[Methodist Church in India|Methodist]] minister, Chennai-Malaysia); Rev. Dr. Vinod Victor ([[Church of South India|CSI Church]], Melbourne Diocese) and Evg. Dr.h.c. Ramachandran Rajkumar (Independent Evangelist, Logos Ministries, Delhi).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/announcements/2018/01/21/maramon-convention.html|title = മാരാമൺ കൺവൻഷൻ ഫെബ്രുവരി 11 മുതൽ| newspaper=Manoramaonline }}</ref>

===2017===
The main speakers for the 122nd Maramon Convention were theologians, Cleophus J. LaRue Jr. (Professor at [[Princeton Theological Seminary]] and [[National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.|NBCA]] minister); [[Leslie Griffiths]] ([[Methodist Church of Great Britain|Methodist]] minister and [[Life peer]]), ''Edward''-Mukondeleli Ramulondi ([[Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa|UPCSA]] Minister and Regional Director, Council for World Mission - [[Congregational Federation]]) and [[John Sadananda|John Stephen Sadananda]] ([[Church of South India|CSI]], Bishop Emeritus and Head of [[Serampore College|Serampore University College]]).

===2016===
The 121st Maramon Convention, is scheduled from 14 to 21 February. The theme of the convention is about living as ''Symbols of Christian Values'' in society and growing towards [[ecologically sustainable development]], enhancing it with age-old practice of backyard farming and [[sustainable agriculture]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://travel.manoramaonline.com/travel/essential-kerala/all-you-should-know-about-maramon-convention.html|title = Travel}}</ref> Noted speakers that will deliver discourses at the convention are Bishop [[Daniel Thiagarajah|Daniel Thyagaraja]], CSI Church, Sri Lanka; Rev Malcom T H Tan, Methodist Church, Singapore (Mission Society Trainer);<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ccmc.org.sg/our-pastoral-team|title = Our Pastoral Team | Covenant Community Methodist Church}}</ref> Dr [[Leonard Sweet]], Methodist Church, United States (Pastor & Theologian), Rev Francis Sundaraj, EFI, Chennai (Ecumenist) and Rev. [[Daniel Sadananda|D. Ratnakara Sadananda]], CSI Church, Chennai (Gen. Secretary & Theologian).

Bishops attached to the [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]] and other Churches will address various sessions of the meet. Heads of various Churches will address in the ecumenical sessions and various personalities attached to social welfare and empowerment like [[P. J. Kurien]], [[D. Babu Paul]]...etc. will handle relevant topics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Maramon-Convention-Set-to-Begin-From-February-14/2016/02/13/article3275343.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214090059/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Maramon-Convention-Set-to-Begin-From-February-14/2016/02/13/article3275343.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 February 2016|title = Maramon Convention Set to Begin from February 14}}</ref>

===2015===
The 120th Maramon Convention was scheduled from 8 to 15 February. Main Speakers of the meeting are Bishop Ziphozihle D. Siwa, Methodist Church, S.A. (President of the South African Council of Churches and Revivalist); Rev. Dr. Leonard Sweet, USA (Semiotician & Best-selling Author) - ''cancelled'' - substituted by Rev. Fr. Dushantha Rodrigo, Church of Ceylon, Sri Lanka (Youth Ministry) and Pr. Dr. Sam T. Kamaleson, Tamil Nadu-USA (Evangelist, Mission Director, Musician, Lecturer, Ministry Mentor/''Annan'':-Elder brother)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.faithandleadership.com/features/articles/the-real-mentor|title = The real mentor| date=2 August 2010 }}</ref> 
Bishops of the [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]] and various other Churches would address different sessions of the meet, including various personalities attached to Ecumenism. 
Special Guest: Patriarch Moran Mor [[Ignatius Aphrem II]], Patriarch of Antioch.

===2014===
The 119th Maramon Convention was from 9 to 16 February on the vast sand bed of the [[Pampa River]] near [[Kozhencherry]]. Main speakers, in addition to the bishops of the Mar Thoma Church were Bishop Dulip D Chikera (Sri Lanka), Rev. Peter Maiden (England) and Rev. Vyani Naibola (South Africa)

===2013===
The 118th Maramon Convention was from 10 to 17 February on the vast sand bed of the [[Pampa River]]. Main speakers, in addition to the bishops of the Mar Thoma Church were Rev. Canon [[Philip Mounstephen]] (U.K), Rev. Dr Walter Altmann (IECL, Brazil) and Rev. Andile Madodomzi Mbete (South Africa)

===2012===
The 117th Maramon Convention was held from 12 to 19 February on the vast sand-bed of the [[Pampa River]] next to the [[Kozhencherry]] Bridge.
at Maramon.

The main speakers were [[Bishop]] [[Malusi Mpumlwana]] (South Africa), Dr. Kang San Tan (Professor and Mission Director) and Dr. Martin Alphonse (Pastor and Professor, Methodist Church)

===2011===
The 116th Maramon Convention was held from 13 to 20 February. Main speakers were the bishops of the [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]]; Most Rev. [[Roger Herft]], Anglican [[Anglican Archbishop of Perth|Archbishop of Perth]]; Australia; Prof. [[Nyameko Barney Pityana]], a human rights lawyer, theologian in South Africa and an exponent of [[Black theology]]; Dr. R. Rajkumar; Rev. Peter Maiden; Dr. [[Ulf Ekman]].

===2010===
The 115th Maramon Convention was held from 14 to 21 February. On the opening day and on the last three days, the pandal (flat roof thatched by woven coconut leaves) that could accommodate almost 80,000 people overflowed and an equal number found accommodation under the tree shades on both sides of the river.

The speakers included the Bishops of the [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]]; Bishop Robert M Solomon, (Methodist Church, [[Singapore]]); Reverend Canon [[Timothy Dakin|Tim Dakin]], (General Secretary of [[Church Missionary Society]], England), Pr. Dr. Martin Alphonse (Tamil Nadu-USA)<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/2004/02/12/stories/2004021202110500.htm]{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and Rev. Vinod Victor, (Youth Evangelist, Trivandrum, Kerala, India). Bishop [[Yoohanon Mar Chrysostom]], Metropolitan of the Marthandom Diocese of [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] addressed the Ecumenical Meeting and Bishop Sebastian Thekethecheril of the Latin Catholic Diocese of Vijayapuram addressed the Social Evils Awareness Meeting.
Most Rev. Joris Vercammen, [[Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands|Archbishop of Utrecht]], president of the Union of Utrecht (of [[Old Catholic Church]]), bishops from the [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]] and bishops of [[Church of South India]] attended the meetings.

==Famous guest visit Maramon Convention==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Famous guest Name
!Visit year
|-
|[[Sundar Singh|Sundar Singh (missionary)]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=nalloorlibrary |date=2015-01-10 |title=February, 1917: Sadhu Sunder Singh preaches at Maramon Convention |url=https://nalloorlibrary.com/2015/01/10/february-1917-sadhu-sunder-singh-preaches-at-maramon-convention/ |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=Nalloor Library |language=en}}</ref>
|February, 1917
|-
|[[E. Stanley Jones]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=nalloorlibrary |date=2015-01-18 |title=1921 -1970: World renowned missionary Dr. E. Stanley Jones at Maramon Convention ( See Rare Photos) |url=https://nalloorlibrary.com/2015/01/18/1921-1970-world-renowned-missionary-dr-e-stanley-jones-speaks-at-maramon-convention-with-rare-photos/ |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=Nalloor Library |language=en}}</ref>
|1921
|-
|[[Ignatius Aphrem II|Moran Mor Ignatius Aphrem II]]<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NK3dnNIebtw |title=120th Maramon Convention 2015 News Part 2 (His Holiness Moran Mor Ignatius Aphrem II) |language=en |access-date=2024-04-15 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref>
|February, 2015
|}

==Special programmes==

===Social activities===
The MTEA attaches greater importance to a crusade against social evils like violence and domestic abuse, inequality and awareness of equity, displaced morale, extreme consumerism, frantic celebrity culture, chronic alcoholism and substance abuse with an Indo-centric perspective and globalist outlook. In fact an afternoon session in the convention is exclusively devoted for programmes against such evils to help people to stand against such evils, to support those who are in such states and to take up initiative to raise voice and root out such evils. Besides there are special sessions and programs for focus groups in ecumenical concerns, and promotion of organic and [[Sustainable agriculture|sustainable farming]] zest, dalit integration activities, transgender empowerment,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/history-made-at-maramon-transgenders-address-largest-christian-convention-in-asia/articleshow/62935581.cms|title=History made at Maramon, transgenders address largest Christian convention in Asia - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-02-17}}</ref> women and children upliftment.

===Missionary responsibilities===

The Church is constantly stepping up through these conventions to fulfill the missionary responsibilities and It has spread as service activities from [[Tibet]]an Border and in the northern end of [[Uttar Pradesh]], to [[Kanyakumari (town)|Kanya Kumari]] (Cape Comerin) in the South. Several social service and income generating institutions of the Church owe their origin to this annual get together at Maramon. Destitute homes, Ashrams, mission centres, hospitals, leprosy clinics, schools, and colleges have been started in and outside [[Kerala]]. The messages of the Maramon Convention provides a revived ideological and experiential faith in accordance to the need of the laity and period of time.

==Law and order==
Police contingent is not required in the convention premises to maintain law and order, a vigilant committee of priests and elders circle around maintaining peace.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Sabha Douthyam Vol.15 |publisher=Sabha Douthyam |year=2005 |location=Kottayam |pages=13–15 |language=Malayalam}}</ref> Any changes in the convention program apart from the published daily program schedule through website is alerted through mobile messaging services for those who register, and important notices about lost items, wandered away children, bus timings, etc. are also alerted through this service from 2015.

==Financial matter==
The panthal (tent), and the sheds are the voluntary contributions of the parishes nearby. Early on, offerings were collected in every meeting. Now it is collected in four of the 21 general meetings and a special collection from parishes in foreign lands. The collection is distributed to various organisations and missions of the church and also for the Bible society and CSSM.<ref>''Mar Thoma Sabha Directory''. (1999). Page 169.</ref>

==Conclusion==
All those who come to the convention area experience peace, the spiritual liveliness that is spread around the panthal (tent) & the mobility of the masses with the sense of equality. The unbroken prayer of the laity is considered the grace behind the spiritual backbone of the convention. The Maramon Convention displays co-operation and union between different sections of Church in Kerala. It fosters an [[ecumenical]] outlook. It is also a source of spiritual inspiration and enlightenment for thousands.

==See also==
*[[Malankara Marthoma Syrian Church]]
*[[Kadavil Malika]]
*[[Pathanamthitta]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{coord|9|20|02|N|76|42|04|E|source:enwiki-plaintext-parser|display=title}}

==Further reading==
#Rev. George Alexander (Ed).(1995). ''Maramon Convention Sathapdhi Valum-'95.''
#Mathew, N.M. ''Malankara Marthoma Sabha Charitram'', (History of the Marthoma Church), Volume II (2007). Volume III (2008) Pub. E.J.Institute, Tiruvalla.
#''Mar Thoma Sabha Directory''. (1999) Pub. The Publication Board of The Mar Thoma Church, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India.

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://mtconvention.com mtconvention.com] The official webpage for the convention
*[http://marthoma.in/event Maramon Convention daily program schedule]
*[https://mtconvention.com/website/ For Yesteryear Sermons with transcripts (Regional and Non-Regional Leaders)] and downloadable audios for lower bandwidth.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150212051058/http://marthomaevan.in/ Mar Thoma Evangelistic Association]
*[http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/pathanamthitta.htm Official website of Information And Public Relation Department Of Kerala Government]

{{Christianity in Kerala}}

[[Category:Christian conferences]]
[[Category:Culture of Pathanamthitta district]]
[[Category:Christianity in Kerala]]
[[Category:Annual events in India]]
[[Category:February]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Pathanamthitta district]]

Vamsi Krishna

2026-02-12T03:22:00Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Created A Details

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vamsi Krishna
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Actor
| yearsactive = 2004–present
| children =
| relatives =
| spouse =
| parents =
}}

'''Vamsi Krishna''' is an Indian actor who predominantly works in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films. He made his debut in ''[[Gharshana]]'' (2004) and went on to play the antagonist in films including ''[[Thadaiyara Thaakka]]'' (2012) and ''[[Ivan Veramathiri]]'' (2013).

==Early life==

He was born in [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He hails from a family of doctors. Before working in films, he was pursuing a [[Bachelor of Business Management]] in [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chiloka.com/celebrity/vamsi-krishna|title =Vamsi Krishna}}</ref>

==Film career==

Vamsi Krishna met director [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] on a flight trip from [[London]] to India, their conversations lead to them working together, thus began Vamsi Krishna's career as an actor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/i-was-a-bad-boy-in-college-vamsi-krishna/articleshow/17349204.cms|title =I was a bad boy in college: Vamsi Krishna}}</ref>

The director offered him a supporting role as a police officer in ''[[Gharshana]]'' (2004) and Krishna allotted 40 days to the project and subsequently decided to make a career in films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/I%E2%80%99m-an-actor-because-of-Gautham-Menon/2013/08/17/article1737694.ece|title='I'm an actor because of Gautham Menon'|access-date=25 February 2019|archive-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313013452/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/I%E2%80%99m-an-actor-because-of-Gautham-Menon/2013/08/17/article1737694.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> He played the lead role in the 2006 Telugu film ''[[Oka `V` Chitram]]'' alongside [[Aadhi (actor)|Aadhi]].It failed at the box-office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/151116/vizag-man-is-the-top-villain-in-tamil-cinema.html|title = Vizag man is the top villain in Tamil cinema Entertainment}}</ref> He subsequently played roles in films including ''[[Darling (2010 film)|Darling]]'' (2010), ''[[Nagavalli (film)|Nagavalli]]'' (2010), ''[[Nenu Naa Rakshasi]]'' (2011) and ''[[Attarintiki Daredi]]'' (2013).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/I-was-a-bad-boy-in-college-Vamsi-Krishna/articleshow/17349204.cms |title=I was a bad boy in college: Vamsi Krishna|website=Times of India|access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718140850/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-24/news-interviews/35333479_1_gautham-menon-negative-roles-bad-boy |archive-date=18 July 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Gautham seems to figure significantly in Vamsi’s film journey. For, strangely enough, it was Gautham’s assistant [[Magizh Thirumeni]] who gave him his Kollywood break with ''[[Thadaiyara Thaakka]]'' (2012). The role got him noticed and [[A. Sarkunam]] cast him as a village goon in the [[Dhanush]] starrer ''[[Naiyaandi]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite news |title='I'm an actor because of Gautham Menon'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2013/Aug/17/i%E2%80%99m-an-actor-because-of-gautham-menon-507672.html |access-date=2013-08-17 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Vamsi Krishna donning the role of villain in [[Vikram Prabhu]]'s ''[[Ivan Veramathiri]]'' (2013) directed by [[M. Saravanan (director)|M. Saravanan]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vikram Prabhu up against Vamsi Krishna|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-prabhu-up-against-vamsi-krishna/articleshow/17477101.cms |access-date=2017-01-15 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> He is known for his roles in ''[[Maan Karate]]'' (2014), ''[[Thani Oruvan]]'' (2015), ''[[Kuttram 23]]'' (2017), ''[[Ayogya (2019 film)|Ayogya]]'' (2019), ''[[Yenni Thuniga]]'' (2022) and ''[[Raakadhan]]'' (2023).

== Filmography ==

===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
|2004 || ''[[Gharshana]]'' || Jagan || rowspan="12" | [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2006 || ''[[Style (2006 film)|Style]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Oka `V` Chitram]]'' || Santosh Babu ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007 || ''[[Nava Vasantham]]'' || Rajesh ||
|-
| ''[[Desamuduru]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2008 || ''[[Krishnarjuna]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Pourudu]]'' || ||
|-
|2009 || ''Ooha Chitram'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010 || ''[[Darling (2010 film)|Darling]]'' || Rishi ||
|-
| ''[[Nagavalli (film)|Nagavalli]]'' || Groom ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011 || ''[[Nenu Naa Rakshasi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kudirithe Kappu Coffee]]'' || ||
|-
|2012 || ''[[Thadaiyara Thaakka]]'' || Kumar || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
|2012 || ''[[Julai]]'' || Bank Robber || rowspan="3" | Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="5" |2013 || ''Parents'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Baadshah (2013 film)|Baadshah]]'' || Baadshah's accomplice ||
|-
| ''[[Naiyaandi]]'' || Krishna || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Attarintiki Daredi]]'' || Praveen Nalla || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Ivan Veramathiri]]'' || Eeswaran || rowspan="2" | Tamil || Nominated, [[Vijay Award for Best Villain]]
|-
|2014 || ''[[Maan Karate]]'' || 'Killer' Peter ||
|-
| rowspan="5" |2015 || ''[[S/O Satyamurthy]]'' || Yogeshwar || rowspan="2" | Telugu||
|-
| ''[[Dongaata (2015 film)|Dongaata]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Romeo Juliet (2015 film)|Romeo Juliet]]'' || Arjun || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Thani Oruvan]]'' || Vicky ||
|-
| ''[[Nenu Sailaja]]'' || Babji || rowspan="3" | Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016 || ''[[Dictator (2016 film)|Dictator]]'' || Minister's son ||
|-
| ''[[Chuttalabbai]]'' || Police Officer ||
|-
| rowspan="7" |2017 || ''[[Muthuramalingam]]'' || Ashok Pandian || rowspan="3" | Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Kuttram 23]]'' || John Matthew ||
|-
| ''[[Motta Shiva Ketta Shiva]]'' || Sanjay ||
|-
| ''[[Mass Leader]]'' || Harshath || [[Kannada]]||
|-
| ''[[Veedevadu]]'' || Peter || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Yaar Ivan]]'' || Peter || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Kalavu Thozhirchalai]]'' || Ram Sanjay || rowspan="3" | Tamil ||
|-
|2018 || ''[[Mannar Vagaiyara]]'' || JP, Ilaiyarani's brother ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2019 || ''[[Vantha Rajavathaan Varuven]]'' || Praveen ||
|-
|''[[Kodathi Samaksham Balan Vakeel]]''||ACP Ratnavel||[[Malayalam]]||
|-
| ''[[Udgharsha]]'' || || Kannada ||
|-
| ''[[Ayogya (2019 film)|Ayogya]]'' || Sabari || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021 ||''[[Vakeel Saab]]'' || Vamshi || Telugu||
|-
| ''[[Sabhaapathy]]'' || Selvam || rowspan="8" | Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022 || ''[[The Legend (2022 film)|The Legend]]'' || Munna ||
|-
| ''[[Vattam]]'' || Gowtham ||
|-
| ''[[Yenni Thuniga]]'' || Madhan ||
|-
| ''[[Aattral]]'' || Jo ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2023 || ''[[Raakadhan]]''|| Ajmal ||
|-
| ''[[Dhruva Natchathiram (unreleased film)|Dhruva Natchathiram]]'' || Unknown || Unreleased
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2024 || ''[[Vasco Da Gama (film)|Vasco Da Gama]]'' || Kovarthan ||
|-
|''[[Max (2024 film)|Max]]'' || Narasimha || Kannada ||
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Network
!Language
|-
|2019
|''[[Queen (web series)|Queen]]''
|Chaitanya Reddy
|[[MX Player]]
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
|2021
|''[[11th Hour (web series)|11th Hour]]''
|Siddharth Singh
|[[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|-
|2022
|''[[Dharavi Bank]]''
|Shiva
|[[MX Player]]
|[[Hindi]]
|-
|2023
|''[[Sweet Kaaram Coffee]]''
|Vikram
| rowspan="2" |[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|Tamil
|-
|2025
|''[[Arabia Kadali]]''
|Sekhar
|Telugu
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|5115608}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishna, Vamshi}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Ponn Manickavel

2026-02-09T06:09:49Z

JunkoQxl0473817: added a article...

{{short description|Indian police officer}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = A. G Ponn Manickavel
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|11|25}}
| occupation = [[Indian Police Service]]
| birth_place =
| yearsactive = 1989–present
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| relatives =
}}

'''A.G. Ponn Manickavel''' ({{langx|ta|பொன் மாணிக்கவேல்}}) professionally known as ''Ponn Manickavel'' (born 25 November 1958) is an [[Indian Police Service]] officer of 1996 batch belonging to the [[Tamil Nadu]] Cadre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dtf.in/wp-content/files/Indian_Police_Service_IPS_-_Civil_List_2014.htm|title=IPS : Query Result(s)|website=dtf.in|access-date=2018-10-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Idol wing Contact Tamil Nadu |url=http://www.tneow.gov.in/IDOL/contact.html |website=Economic Offences Wing |accessdate=2 January 2019}}</ref> He is serving as the Inspector General of Idol Wing. He is known for his investigation on pending cases related to theft of ancient idols from various temples across the state [[Tamilnadu]]. On the day of retirement, the [[Madras High Court]] appointed him as a special officer for a period of one year to probe and complete idol theft cases in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Idol theft probe: Madras HC re-appoints Pon Manickavel as special officer |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/idol-theft-probe-madras-hc-re-appoints-pon-manickavel-as-special-officer/article25636671.ece |accessdate=2 January 2019 |agency=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Madras High Court on Pon Manickavel case: We may declare judicial emergency |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/100119/madras-high-court-on-pon-manickavel-case-we-may-declare-judicial-emer.html |accessdate=21 January 2019 |agency=deccanchronicle}}</ref>

== Police career ==
Manickavel started his career as direct group-I officer from 1989-batch. He served as deputy Inspector General of Police, Tiruchi Range and Inspector General of Police Railways.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ensure transparency in police administration, says DIG |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/Ensure-transparency-in-police-administration-says-DIG/article15900222.ece |accessdate=2 January 2019 |agency=The Hindu}}</ref> In September 2017 he was appointed as [[Inspector-general of police#India|Inspector General of Police]] of Idol Wing, Economic Offences Wing of [[Tamil Nadu Police]]. He has reported many irregularities involved in the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] and brought hundreds of valuable smuggled idols into India.<ref>{{cite news |title='Elephant' Rajendran to seek court's intervention for service extension of IG Pon Manickavel|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/elephant-rajendran-to-seek-courts-intervention-for-service-extension-of-ig-pon-manickavel/articleshow/66569991.cms |accessdate=2 January 2019 |agency=Times of India}}</ref> He helped to retrieve the King [[Rajaraja Cholan I|Rajaraja Cholan]] and his queen Lokamadevi stolen bronze statues from Gujarat museum.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/tamil-nadu-rare-bronze-statues-of-king-rajarajacholan-and-his-queen-retrieved-from-ahmedabad-museum/articleshow/64384498.cms|title=Rs 100 crore Tamil Nadu idols retrieved from Gujarat museum - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-10-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/1000-year-old-stolen-idols-of-rajaraja-chola-return-to-tn-from-gujarat/articleshow/64403678.cms|title=1,000-year-old stolen idols of Rajaraja Chola return to TN from Gujarat - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-10-10}}</ref> He has involved in various investigations including misappropriation in the making of a [[Panchaloha]] idol of the [[Palani Dhandayuthapani temple]], idols burglary at Suthamalli Varadaraja Perumal temple and global idol-smuggling network.<ref>{{cite news |title=Investigation into Palani temple idol case resumes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/investigation-into-palani-temple-idol-case-resumes/article23867760.ece |accessdate=2 January 2019 |agency=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=For an action plan |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/for-an-action-plan/article5548777.ece |accessdate=2 January 2019 |agency=Frontline}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The man who stole gods |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/the-man-who-stole-gods/article19892698.ece |accessdate=2 January 2019 |agency=The hindu}}</ref> Even though [[Tamil Nadu Government]] insisted [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] to Probe on idol case, Madras High court quashed the order and appointed him special officer with one-year extension.<ref>{{cite news |title=Madras HC quashes GO transferring idol theft cases to CBI, appoints Pon Manickavel as special officer to continue probe |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/madras-hc-quashes-go-transferring-idol-theft-cases-to-cbi-appoints-pon-manickavel-as-special-officer-to-continue-probe/articleshow/66879372.cms |accessdate=2 January 2019 |agency=Times of India}}</ref>

A complaint was lodged against Pon Manickavel on Tuesday, October 31, 2023 for allegedly making communal remarks towards a journalist in [[Sirkazhi]], Mayiladuthurai district.<ref>https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/tn-journo-lodges-complaint-against-former-top-cop-ponn-manickavel-for-communal-remarks</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manickavel, Ponn}}
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1958 births]]

Anil Laul

2026-02-06T05:35:22Z

JunkoQxl0473817: minor refined formatting as per guidelines further and cleaned formatting per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Anil Laul 
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Anil Laul book launch - 2013 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Laul in 2013 at the launch of his book ''Green is Red''
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1944|08|06}}
| birth_place = [[Amritsar]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2016|07|05|1944|08|06}}
| death_place = [[Delhi]], India
| death_cause =
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| burial_place = 
| burial_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| other_names =
| citizenship = India
| education =
| alma_mater = [[School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi]]
| occupation = [[Architect]]
| years_active = Till 2016
| organization = Founder of "Anangpur Building Centre" Member of [[INTACH]], Advisor to [[Housing and Urban Development Corporation|HUDCO]] and Delhi Urban Arts Commission
| known_for = Author of ''Green is Red''; Cost effective low-energy sustainable green buildings; Earthquake resistant structures
}}

'''Anil Laul''' (6 August 1944 – 5 July 2016) was an Indian [[architect]] and author of ''Green is Red'', who worked on systems designs, primarily in development of Appropriate Building materials and technologies facilitating usage of locally available materials and empowering local human resources. He was a member of [[INTACH]], and advisor to [[Housing and Urban Development Corporation|HUDCO]] and Delhi Urban Arts Commission, who also co-authored many housing policies of several states of India.<ref name=anil4>[http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/architect-who-championed-alternative-technologies-dies-2896454/ Delhi: Architect who championed alternative technologies dies], [[The Indian Express]], 5 Jul 2016.</ref> He received several awards for his projects listed as [[UNCHS]] Good Practices.<ref name=anil5>Aishwarya Tipnis, 2012, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YOFfvJBs6SYC&dq=anil+laul&pg=PT39 Vernacular Traditions: contemporary architecture]</ref> He was listed as a well-known architect of India in John T. Lang's book ''A Concise History of Modern Architecture in India''.<ref name=anil7>John T. Lang, 2002, [https://books.google.com/books?id=gxyGbhlKQXQC&dq=anil+laul&pg=PA117 A Concise History of Modern Architecture in India], Page 117</ref> He wrote the book "Green is Red" and founded "Anangpur Building Centre" (ABC) in Faridabad, India to work independently on cost effective sustainable building materials, technologies and earthquake engineering.
He conducted hands on workshops and trained several enthusiasts. Details of his inventions and projects can be found at www.anangpur.org <ref name=anil3>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Green-is-red/article14491680.ece Green is red], [[The Hindu]], 15 Jul 2016</ref>

==Career==
He is known for advocating green buildings, low cost sustainable housing based on local materials, pragmatic [[Rehabilitation (penology)|rehabilitation]] of slum dwellers, etc.<ref name=anil1>[http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main50.asp?filename=Ne29101REMOVE.asp Remove The Poor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312133035/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main50.asp?filename=Ne29101REMOVE.asp |date=12 March 2018 }}, [[Tehelka]], Vol 8, Issue 43, 29 Oct 2011</ref><ref name=anil6>G.K. Ghosh, 2008, [https://books.google.com/books?id=h2ElMWFdcUIC&dq=anil+laul&pg=PA49 Environmental Pollution], Page 49</ref> He won international acclaim for inventing cost-effective technologies for sustainable development, including the inter-locking blocks used at Nalanda International School in [[Vadodara]].<ref name=anil2>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Children-grow-with-nature-in-eco-friendly-schools/articleshow/15959295.cms Children grow with nature in eco-friendly schools], [[The Times of India]], 29 Aug 2012.</ref>

[[File:Anil Laul Workshop, Anangpur Building Centre, ASHRA.jpg|thumb|Anil Laul with Workshop Trainees during a Hands on Programme]]

[[File:Anil Laul with Abhishek Sharma, Siddharth Ravishankar and Tanya Pahwa.jpg|thumb|Anil Laul with his colleagues at his office in Anangpur]]

[[File:Anil Laul's Team with WRKSHP team discussing bamboo structures.jpg|thumb|Anil Laul at his office in Anangpur]]

[[File:Architect Anil Laul at Lovely Professional University.png|thumb|Anil Laul with his team at Lovely Professional University, Punjab]]

==Death==
He died in [[Delhi]] on 5 July 2016. He was cremated at Lodhi Cemetery with a memorial held at Arya Samaj Mandir on 8 July 2016.<ref name=anil4/> With the help of his family, the centre was run by his right-hand person architect Tanya Pahwa, also co-author of the book "Green is Red" till March 2017.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Laul, Anil}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian designers]]
[[Category:People from Faridabad]]
[[Category:English-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian architects]]
[[Category:Organic architecture]]
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Amritsar]]
[[Category:People from Haryana]]

Sexuality in India

2026-02-05T04:47:10Z

JunkoQxl0473817: revise

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}

[[India]] has developed its discourse on sexuality differently based on its distinct regions with their own unique cultures. According to R.P. Bhatia, a [[New Delhi]] psychoanalyst and psychotherapist, middle-class India's "very strong repressive attitude" has made it impossible for many married couples to function well sexually, or even to function at all.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/22/world/sexual-repression-in-the-land-of-the-kama-sutra.html|title=Sexual Repression in the Land of the Kama Sutra|last1=Stevens|first1=William K.|date=1983-04-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-11-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

== Background ==
The seeming contradictions of Indian attitudes towards sex (more broadly – sexuality) can be best explained through the context of history. India played a role in shaping understandings of sexuality, and it could be argued that one of the first pieces of literature that treated ''"[[Kama]]"'' as science came from the Indian subcontinent.<ref>Vātsyāyana, Richard F Burton, and ibn M. 'Umar. The Kama Sutra. New York: Diadem Books, 1984. Print.</ref> It may be argued that historically, India pioneered the use of [[sexual education]] through various art forms like sculptures,<ref>Sahai, Surendra.1999. Khajuraho: The Art of Love, Prakash Book Depot</ref> paintings, pieces of literature. As in all societies, there was a difference in sexual practices in India between common people and powerful rulers, with people in power often indulging in "self-gratification" lifestyles that were not representative of common moral attitudes. Moreover, there are distinct cultural differences seen through the course of history across India.

== Ancient times ==
{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| align = right
| width = 200
| footer = [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments|Khajuraho Hindu and Jain temple complex]] is famous for erotic arts.
| image1 = Kamasutra 106.jpg
| image2 = Khajuraho-Lakshmana Temple erotic detal1.JPG
|image3 = 2 Erotic Kama statues of Khajuraho Hindu Temple de Lakshmana Khajurâho India 2013.jpg
}}
The origins of the current Indian culture can be traced back to the [[Indus Valley civilisation]], which was contemporaneous with the [[ancient Egypt]]ian and [[Sumer]]ian civilisations, around 2700 BCE. During this period, the first evidence of attitudes towards sex comes from the ancient texts of [[Hinduism]]. These ancient texts, the [[Rig Veda]] among few others, reveal moral perspectives on sexuality, marriage and fertility prayers. The epics of ancient India, the [[Ramayana]] and [[Mahabharata]], which may have been first composed as early as 500 BCE, had a huge effect on the [[culture of Asia]], influencing later [[History of China|Chinese]], [[History of Japan|Japanese]], [[Tibetan culture]] and [[History of Southeast Asia|South East Asian]] culture. These texts support the view that in ancient India, sex was considered a mutual duty between a married couple, where husband and wife pleasured each other equally, but where sex was considered a private affair, at least by followers of the aforementioned Indian religions. It seems that [[polygamy]] was allowed during ancient times. In practice, this seems to have only been practiced by rulers, with common people maintaining a monogamous marriage. It is common in many cultures for a ruling class to practice both [[polyandry]] and [[polygyny]] as a way of preserving dynastic succession.

[[Nudity]] in art was considered acceptable in southern India, as shown by the paintings at [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]] and the sculptures of the time. It is likely that as in most countries with [[tropical]] climates, Indians from some regions did not need to wear clothes, and other than for [[fashion]], there was no practical need to cover the upper half of the body. This is supported by historical evidence, which shows that men in many parts of ancient India mostly dressed only the lower half of their bodies with clothes and upper part of body was covered by gold and precious stones, jewellery, while women used to wear traditional sarees made of silk and expensive clothes as a symbol of their wealth.

As Indian civilisation further developed and the writing of the [[Upanishads]] around 500 BCE, it was somewhere between the 1st and 6th centuries that the [[Kama Sutra]], originally known as Vatsyayana Kamasutram ('Vatsyayana's Aphorisms on Love'), was written.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} This philosophical work on ''kama shastra'', or 'science of love', was intended as both an exploration of human desire, including infidelity, and a technical guide to pleasing a sexual partner within a marriage. This is not the only example of such a work in [[ancient India]], but is the most widely known in modern times. It is probably during this period that the text spread to ancient [[China]], along with [[Buddhist]] scriptures, where Chinese versions were written.

It is also during 10th century to 12th century that some of India's most famous ancient works of art were produced, often freely depicting romantic themes and situations. Examples of this include the depiction of [[Apsaras]], roughly equivalent to [[nymph]]s or [[Siren (mythology)|siren]]s in [[Europe]]an and [[Arabic]] mythology, on some ancient temples. The best and most famous example of this can be seen at the [[Khajuraho]] complex in central India built around 9th to 12th century.
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
Kama sutra, Vatsyayayan, commentary, sample ii, Sanskrit, Devanagari.jpg|A ''Kamasutra'' manuscript page preserved in the vaults of the Raghunatha Hindu temple in Jammu and Kashmir
Khajuraho12.jpg|Depictions of [[Apsara]]s from the [[Khajuraho|Khajuraho temple complex]]
Kama, mithuna artwork in Hindu temples.jpg|Kama-related arts are common in Hindu temples. These scenes include courtship, amorous couples in scenes of intimacy (''mithuna''), or a sexual position. Above: 6th- to 14th-century temples in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and the Himalayas.
File:Mogul miniature watercolor, India, 18th century.jpg|Oral sex between men, 18th century
File:Erotic scene -- Gouache painting - 1800 - 1899.jpg|Gouache painting. Probably between 1800 and 1899.
File:Two women embracing and using carrots as dildoes. Gouache Wellcome L0033073.jpg|2 women using carrots as [[dildo]]s, 20th century [[gouache]] painting
</gallery>

== Colonial-era ==
[[File:Tamil Book Front Cover 1920s.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A Marriage guide published in [[Madras Presidency]], in 1920s]]

British colonization of India marks a notable turning point for expressions and opinions of sexuality in India. Prior to the colonial era in India, sexuality as a concept had much more varied viewpoints and traditions surrounding it. Generally, there was acceptance of differing sexual orientations as well as gender identities.<ref>{{Citation |last=Penrose |first=Walter |title=Colliding Cultures: Masculinity and Homoeroticism in Mughal and Early Colonial South Asia |date=2006 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1057/9780230524156_9 |work=Queer Masculinities, 1550–1800 |pages=144–165 |editor-last=O'Donnell |editor-first=Katherine |access-date=2023-11-23 |place=London |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |language=en |doi=10.1057/9780230524156_9 |isbn=978-1-349-51471-7 |editor2-last=O'Rourke |editor2-first=Michael|url-access=subscription }}</ref> However, during the colonial era, there were significant changes to the notion of and expression of sexuality. These changes came as a result of both internal and external influences.

External influences came in the form of British colonial rule causing colonial authorities to impose Western values and ideas of sexuality on Indian society. This was not just due to British belief that their societal standards and moral beliefs were correct and consequently needed to be established in India, but rather due to the British desire to more effectively establish control as well. At the time, British society was relatively conservative when it came to sexuality in that expression of sexuality was frowned upon, female sexuality was seen as particularly problematic and needing to be controlled, and overall societal standards can be characterized as critically focused on religious and moral ideas. In addition to that, there was a general view amongst the British that Indian society was inferior and needed to be changed to fit British standards. This paved the way for policies that criminalized practices which weren't inherently sexual such as [[Devadasi#:~:text=Devadasi, or mahari, means ",God through dance and music.|devadasi]], which were religious dancers that became associated with [[Sacred prostitution|temple prostitution]] during the time, or the existence of [[Hijra (South Asia)|Hijra]] communities which were groups of intersex people, transgender people, or eunuchs who lived together and identify as a third gender.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Agoramoorthy |first1=Govindasamy |last2=Hsu |first2=Minna J. |date=2014-12-24 |title=Living on the Societal Edge: India's Transgender Realities |journal=Journal of Religion and Health |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=1451–1459 |doi=10.1007/s10943-014-9987-z |pmid=25536925 |s2cid=21952590 |issn=0022-4197}}</ref> In addition, in 1861 [[Section 377]] of the Indian Penal Code, which already criminalized hijras, was also established to prohibit homosexuality, deeming it an "unnatural offense" that was "against the order of nature."<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Code: Section 377 Details |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_23_00037_186045_1523266765688&orderno=434. |website=India Code}}</ref> The criminalization and stigmatization of various practices such as these occurred not just due to British belief in their immorality, but also because doing so made it easier for British authorities to manage and control the public. For example, criminalizing hijra made it simpler for British officers to categorize the Indian people because classification was a key part of how Britain maintained control and governed.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dutta |first=Aniruddha |date=October 2020 |title=Jessica Hinchy. Governing Gender and Sexuality in Colonial India: The Hijra, c. 1850–1900. |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=950–952 |doi=10.1017/jbr.2020.102 |s2cid=225120253 |issn=0021-9371}}</ref>

However, British imposition of Victorian ideals and subsequent policies were not the only factors causing this shift in Indian sexuality. Changes in internal ideals also developed alongside British influence, creating internal factors that impacted these shifts. Most notable of these factors is regarding the concept of prostitution, and the way the term prostitute ended up being used in colonial India to describe almost all women outside of monogamous Hindu upper-caste marriages.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mitra |first=Durba |author-link=Durba Mitra |title=Indian Sex Life: Sexuality and the Colonial Origins of Modern Social Thought |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2020 |location=Princeton, New Jersey}}</ref> In 1872, British authorities put out a survey in order to gain information about Indian women following the 1860 [[Indian Penal Code]] which outlawed trafficking of girls for prostitution. Through the survey, they aimed to define who prostitutes were in order to better control and manage their existence. However, responses showed that many colonial administrators—both British and Indian alike— believed basically all Indian women could be prostitutes. For example, A. H. Giles—the deputy commissioner of Calcutta's Police—argued that Indian women were more likely to partake in dangerous and illegal behavior and that as a result "the prostitute community is recruited in various ways from all classes and castes," describing the various ways women may begin engaging in prostitution such as "hereditary prostitutes [whose] mothers were prostitutes before them and they were reared into the profession from infancy" or those who "practice as prostitutes with the full knowledge and consent of their husbands...[to] drive a profitable trade."<ref>A. H. Giles, "Collected Memoranda by Officers Consulted on the Subject of Forbidding the Possession of Girls under Ten Years of Age by Prostitutes," Judicial Branch, Judicial Department, October 1872, B. No. 252–335, West Bengal State Archives</ref> Similarly, Bengali Deputy Magistrate [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]] also categorized the different conditions of prostitutes, similarly claiming that while "Prostitutes in general are recruited from all classes of society and do not belong to any hereditary prostitute caste," they exist due to the sexual nature of the women themselves not being restrained.<ref>Letter from Deputy Magistrate Bankim Chandra Chatterjee to Government of Bengal, "Collected Memoranda by Officers Consulted on the Subject of Forbidding the Possession of Girls under Ten Years of Age by Prostitutes," Judicial Branch, Judicial Department, October 1872, B. No. 252–335, West Bengal State Archives.</ref>

These ideas of women and their uncontrollable sexuality that needed to be limited were in part due to the British administration's concerns that women who were not in typical monogamous upper-caste marriages were sexually deviant and therefore a threat to the order of society. However, these ideas were not solely created by the British. Upper-caste Bengali Hindus men who desired recognition as being key to the ruling of India also spread these ideas of deviant sexuality alongside idealized concepts of Hindu women for their own purposes.<ref name=":0" /> Through spreading these ideals, they hoped society would be restructured around these ideals and they would be able to consequently gain authority.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/0277-5395(89)90038-1 | volume=12 | title=The limits of gender ideology: Bengali women, the colonial state, and the private sphere, 1890–1930 | year=1989 | journal=Women's Studies International Forum | pages=425–437 | last1 = Engels | first1 = Dagmar | issue=4 }}.</ref> Female sexuality was a shared target for both these men and British authorities to fault for various behaviors and then use to establish their control.

The colonial era and British policies had an immense impact on Indian sexuality—both legally and societally. The changes that occurred during this period have continued to impact various social movements and politics in India to this day.

A number of movements were set up by prominent citizens, such as the [[Brahmo Samaj]] in [[Bengal]] and the [[Prarthana Samaj]] in [[Bombay Presidency]], to work for the 'reform' of Indian private and public life. While this new consciousness led to the promotion of [[education for women]] and (eventually) a raise in the [[age of consent]] and reluctant acceptance of [[remarriage]] for [[widows]], it also produced a [[Public morality|puritanical]] attitude to sex even within marriage and the home.

== Current issues ==
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2024}}

Conservative views of sexuality are now the norm in the modern republic of India, and South Asia in general. It is often argued that this is partly related to the effect of colonial influence, as well as to the puritanical elements of Islam in countries like [[Pakistan]] (e.g. the Islamic revivalist movements, which has influenced many Muslims in Pakistan and [[Bangladesh]]). However, such views were also prevalent in the pre-colonial era, especially since the advent of Islam in India which brought [[purdah]] as ideal for Muslim women. Before the gradual spread of Islam largely through the influence of [[Sufism|Sufis]], there seems to be evidence of [[Liberalism|liberal]] attitudes towards sexuality and [[nudity]] in art. However, scholars{{who|date=June 2024}} debate the degree to which Islam, as a mass and the varied phenomenon was responsible for this shift.

While during the [[Counterculture of the 1960s|1960s and 1970s]] in the west, many people discovered the ancient culture of sexual liberalism in India as a source for western [[free love]] movements, and [[Neotantra|neo-Tantric]] philosophy, India itself is currently the more [[Prude|prudish]] culture, embodying [[Victorian era|Victorian]] sensibilities that were abandoned decades ago in their [[country of origin]].{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}

===Modern India===
{{Main|Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India}}
Modern issues that affect India, as part of the sexual revolution, have become points of argument between conservative and liberal forces, such as political parties and religious pressure groups. These issues are also matters of ethical importance in a nation where freedom and equality are guaranteed in the constitution.

Scholarship by Indian sociologist [[Jyoti Puri]] calls attention to the social control around middle-class women's bodies in urban India and how politics of gender and sexuality impact of nationalist and transnational discourses and the role of nation-state. Her third book ''Sexual States: Governance and the Struggle Against the Antisodomy Law in India's Present'', tracks the efforts to decriminalize homosexuality in India.

On 6 September 2018, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that Section 377 is unconstitutional as it infringed on the fundamental rights of autonomy, intimacy, and identity, thus legalizing homosexuality in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India Ministry of Law and Justice Secretary. [2018] INSC 746 (6 September 2018) |url=http://www.liiofindia.org/in/cases/cen/INSC/2018/746.html |publisher=Legal Information Institute of India |access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Section 377 verdict: Here are the highlights |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/section-377-supreme-court-verdict-gay-lgbtq-5343225/ |work=The Indian Express |date=6 September 2018}}</ref>

=== Sexuality in popular entertainment ===
{{Main|Sex in Indian entertainment}} [[Sex in Indian entertainment|The entertainment industry]] is an important part of modern India, and is expressive of Indian society in general. Historically, Indian television and film has lacked the frank depiction of sex; until recently, even [[kissing]] scenes were considered [[taboo]]. On the other hand, rape scenes or scenes showing sexual assault were shown. Currently, some Indian states show soft-core sexual scenes and [[nudity]] in films, whilst other areas do not. Mainstream films are still largely catered to the masses.

Some recent movies like [[Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga]], [[Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan]], [[Badhaai Do]] help bring the concepts of alternative sexualities and [[LGBT]] inclusion in the popular culture.

=== Pornography ===
{{Main|Pornography in India}}
The distribution and production of pornography are both illegal in India; however, accessing pornography in private is not. Regardless, softcore films have been common since the late 1970s, and many directors have produced them. Magazine publications like ''[[Debonair (magazine)]],'' ''Fantasy,'' ''Chastity,'' ''Royal Magazine,'' and ''Dafa 302'' exist in India, and more than 50 million Indians are believed to see porn on a daily basis.

The [[Information Technology Act]], Chapter XI Paragraph 67, the [[Government of India]] clearly considers the transmission of pornography through any electronic medium as a punishable offence. The CEO of the Indian subsidiary of [[eBay]] was charged with various criminal offences for allowing the trading of a CD on the website that contained pornography.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/india-law-technology-blog/avnish-bajaj-back-in-safe-harbors-b32efe29e16 |title=Avnish Bajaj back in Safe Harbors |date=8 June 2017 |publisher=India Law and Tech Blog}}</ref>

=== Sex industry ===
{{Main|Prostitution in India}}
While [[prostitution|trade in sex]] was frowned upon in ancient India, it was tolerated and regulated so as to reduce the damage that it could do.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}} However, the stigmatisation that has arisen in modern{{Clarify|date=April 2025}} times has left the many poor sex workers with problems of exploitation and rampant [[sexually transmitted infection]], including [[AIDS]], and has allowed a [[Human trafficking in India|human-trafficking industry]] to take hold. Thousands of Nepali women are trafficked into India, mostly from rural villages, and sold to brothels in Mumbai and Delhi.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1205098.stm |title=Sex workers to combat trafficking, BBC News, 2001 |date=6 March 2001 |publisher=news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2015-03-21}}</ref><ref name="bbc2">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6925376.stm |title=HIV fears over trafficked Nepal sex workers, BBC News, 2007 |date=August 2007 |publisher=news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2015-03-21}}</ref> There have been some recent{{When|date=April 2025}} efforts to regulate the Indian sex industry.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

A supreme court order in May 2022 upheld prostitution as a profession ruling that sex workers had the same human rights as any other citizen of India and thus they can not be discriminated or arrested for their profession.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-26 |title=Supreme Court wants full respect for sex workers: counsel |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sc-for-treating-sex-workers-with-full-respect-for-their-dignity/article65464684.ece |access-date=2022-08-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Sex work legal', Supreme Court gives historic judgement on prostitution |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/sex-work-legal-supreme-court-gives-historic-judgement-on-prostitution-2467824.html |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>

=== Sexual health ===
Sexual dysfunction in both males and females have been reported in significant numbers in recent years.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Prakash |first1=Om |last2=Sathyanarayana Rao |first2=Ts |date=2010 |title=Sexuality research in India: An update |journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry |language=en |volume=52 |issue=7 |pages=S260-3 |doi=10.4103/0019-5545.69243 |pmid=21836690 |pmc=3146233 |issn=0019-5545 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Many attribute the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions to ignorance around sexual health and conservative attitudes toward sex. Sexual education is also an area of concern for many researchers; culture-bound sexual dysfunctions such as [[Dhat syndrome]] are rooted in erroneous ideas of human physiology, which could be refuted by improved and easily accessible sexual education.

Recent studies indicate that sex education remains limited in many parts of India. A 2024 survey found that only about one-fourth of young women and one-third of young men had ever received any formal sex education.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Joshi |first1=Rujuta Milind |last2=Gupta |first2=Deepa Jitendra |last3=Mukherjee |first3=Shrabani |date=2024-12-31 |title=A study on the perception of parents on delivery of sex education in India: integrated TISM and MICMAC approach |journal=Cogent Education |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |article-number=2408508 |doi=10.1080/2331186X.2024.2408508 |issn=2331-186X|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Cultural norms often make discussions about sexuality uncomfortable, limiting open communication in households and schools.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharma |first=Rajni |date=2020 |title=Vital Need for Sex Education in Indian Youth and Adolescents |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12098-020-03240-z |journal=The Indian Journal of Pediatrics |language=en |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=255 |doi=10.1007/s12098-020-03240-z |pmid=32048223 |issn=0019-5456}}</ref> As a result, young people frequently rely on peers, social media, and informal sources, which can spread misinformation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Joshi |first1=Rujuta Milind |last2=Gupta |first2=Deepa Jitendra |last3=Mukherjee |first3=Shrabani |date=2024-12-31 |title=A study on the perception of parents on delivery of sex education in India: integrated TISM and MICMAC approach |journal=Cogent Education |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |article-number=2408508 |doi=10.1080/2331186X.2024.2408508 |issn=2331-186X|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Studies of sexual dysfunction in India focus primarily on male sexual dysfunction. [[Dhat syndrome]], a culture-bound psychosexual dysfunction in males is an area of study for many researchers in India. Males who experience Dhat syndrome usually come from rural areas and families with very conservative attitudes around sex.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Manjula |first1=M. |last2=Prasadarao |first2=P.S.D.V. |last3=Kumaraiah |first3=V. |last4=Mishra |first4=H. |last5=Raguram |first5=R. |date=June 2003 |title=Sexual dysfunction in single males: A perspective from India |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.10153 |journal=Journal of Clinical Psychology |language=en |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=701–713 |doi=10.1002/jclp.10153 |pmid=12754698 |issn=0021-9762|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Patients with [[Dhat syndrome]] typically experience other sexual dysfunctions such as erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, in addition to psychiatric disorders such as depressive neurosis and anxiety neurosis.<ref name=":02" /> A study in 2015 showed one in five males in rural South India, and one in seven females, suffered from one or more sexual disorders.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Sathyanarayana Rao |first1=Ts |last2=Darshan |first2=Ms |last3=Tandon |first3=Abhinav |date=2015 |title=An epidemiological study of sexual disorders in south Indian rural population |journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry |language=en |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=150–157 |doi=10.4103/0019-5545.158143 |pmid=26124520 |pmc=4462783 |issn=0019-5545 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Prevalence of sexual dysfunction was two to three times higher in illiterate men than literate men in the study.<ref name=":1" />

Research shows a greater prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women from higher socioeconomic classes.,<ref name=":1" /> Women's lack of education on sex is an even greater problem in sexual health.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Banerjee |first1=Sushanta K. |last2=Andersen |first2=Kathryn L. |last3=Warvadekar |first3=Janardan |last4=Aich |first4=Paramita |last5=Rawat |first5=Amit |last6=Upadhyay |first6=Bimla |date=December 2015 |title=How prepared are young, rural women in India to address their sexual and reproductive health needs? a cross-sectional assessment of youth in Jharkhand |journal=Reproductive Health |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=97 |doi=10.1186/s12978-015-0086-8 |issn=1742-4755 |pmc=4609062 |pmid=26476778 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In terms of education, knowledge around abortion is a key area of development, as unsafe abortions account for 8-9% of maternal deaths per a bulletin from the India Office of Register General.<ref>{{Citation |last=Dutta |first=Dilip |title=Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2007-09 |date=2012 |work=Insight Maternal Mortality – An Indian Facebook |page=20 |publisher=Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.|doi=10.5005/jp/books/11596_3 |isbn=978-93-5025-796-8 }}</ref> Women's agency is also heavily considered in studies of female sexual health along with the sociocultural factors such as conservative attitudes toward sex and early marriage.<ref name=":2" /> Much like the men experiencing [[Dhat syndrome]], most cases of female sexual dysfunction are concentrated in rural areas and reinforced by the same social factors discussed in males.

Research shows that structured sex education programs can improve adolescents’ understanding of reproductive health, communication skills, and safer behaviors, potentially reducing early pregnancies and unsafe practices.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Palak |first1=Chakraborty |last2=Mishra |first2=Avantika |date=2021 |title=Lack of Sex Education in India and its Growing Importance in the Digital Era |url=http://ijpsl.in/index.php/volume-1-issue-4/v1i4-lack-of-sex-education-in-india-and-its-growing-importance-in-the-digital-era/ |journal=International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law |language=en-US |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=1871–1888}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[History of human sexuality]]
* [[Hinduism and sexual orientation]]
* [[Homosexuality in India]]
* [[Homosexuality and Hinduism]]
* [[Homosexuality and Sikhism]]
* [[Kamashastra]]
* [[Non-westernized concepts of male sexuality]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* [[Alain Daniélou]]. ''The Complete Kama Sutra: The First Unabridged Modern Translation of the Classic Indian Text''. Inner Traditions, 1993 {{ISBN|0-89281-525-6}}.
* Doniger, Wendy. "The Mare's Trap, Nature and Culture in The Kama Sutra." Speaking Tiger, 2015. {{ISBN|978-93-85288-06-7}}.
* ''[[The Continent of Circe]]'' by [[Nirad C. Chaudhuri]] – this has a chapter devoted to the topic.
* Ciotti, Manuela. "'The Bourgeois Woman and the Half-Naked One': Or the Indian Nation's Contradictions Personified." [[Modern Asian Studies]], vol. 44, no. 4, 2010, pp. 785–815. {{JSTOR|40664946}}.
* Chanana, Karuna. "Hinduism and Female Sexuality: Social Control and Education of Girls in India." Sociological Bulletin, vol. 50, no. 1, [[Indian Sociological Society]], 2001, pp. 37–63, {{JSTOR|23620149}}.
* Crane, Ralph, and Radhika Mohanram. "The Missionary's Position: Love and Passion in Anglo-India." In Imperialism as Diaspora: Race, Sexuality, and History in Anglo-India, NED-New edition, 1, 1., 13:83–107. [[Liverpool University Press]], 2013. {{JSTOR|j.ctt18mbc75.8}}.
* Rao, Vidya. "'Thumri' as Feminine Voice". [[Economic and Political Weekly]], vol. 25, no. 17, 1990, pp. WS31–WS39. {{JSTOR|4396223}}.
* Tripathi, Laxminarayan. "Me Hijra, Me Laxmi." [[Oxford University Press]], 2015. {{ISBN|9780199458264}}. Translated from the Marathi original by R. Raj Rao and P. G. Joshi.
* Revathi, A. "The Truth About Me, A Hijra Life Story." Penguin Books, India, 2010. {{ISBN|9780143068365}}. Translated from Tamil by V. Geetha.
* Vanita, Ruth. "love's rite, Same-Sex marriage in India and The West." [[Palgrave Macmillan]], 2005. {{ISBN|9781403981608}}.
* Narrain, Arvind. "Queer." Books for Change, 2004. {{ISBN|81-87380-91-8}}.
* Urban, Hugh B. "'From Sex To Superconsciousness': Sexuality, Tantra, and Liberation in 1970s India." Zorba the Buddha: Sex, Spirituality, and Capitalism in the Global Osho Movement, 1st ed., [[University of California Press]], 2015, pp. 76–100, {{JSTOR|j.ctt196322h.8}}.
* Parkinson, R.B.. "A Little Gay History." The British Museum Press, 2013. {{ISBN|978-0-231-16663-8}}.
* Edited by Sangari, Kumkum and Vaid, Sudesh. "Recasting Women, Essays in Colonial History." Zubaan Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2003. {{ISBN|978-93-84757-73-1}}.
* Edited by Dasgupta, Rohit and Gokulsing, K. Moti. "Masculinity and Its Challenges in India." Mcfarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. 2041. {{ISBN|978-0-7864-7224-6}}.
* George, Annie. "Embodying Identity through Heterosexual Sexuality: Newly Married Adolescent Women in India". Culture, Health & Sexuality, vol. 4, no. 2, [[Taylor & Francis]], Ltd., 2002, pp. 207–22, {{JSTOR|4005268}}.
* Ahluwalia, Sanjam. "Demographic Rhetoric and Sexual Surveillance: Indian Middle-Class Advocates of Birth Control, 1877–1947". Reproductive Restraints: Birth Control in India, 1877–1947, [[University of Illinois Press]], 2008, pp. 23–53, {{JSTOR|10.5406/j.ctt1xcmgw.5}}.
* Dell, Heather S. "'Ordinary' Sex, Prostitutes, and Middle-Class Wives: Liberalization and National Identity in India". Sex in Development: Science, Sexuality, and Morality in Global Perspective, edited by Vincanne Adams and Stacy Leigh Pigg, [[Duke University Press]], 2005, pp. 187–206, {{doi|10.2307/j.ctv1220p6x.12}}.
* Pechilis, Karen. Review of Progress toward an Open Discussion of Sexuality in India and Asia, by Moni Nag, Geetanjali Misra, and Radhika Chandiramani. [[The Journal of Sex Research]] 44, no. 4 (2007): 401–4. {{JSTOR|20620327}}.
* {{cite journal | pmid = 32763620 | doi=10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.07.002 | volume=83 | title=Romantic relationships and sexuality in diverse adolescent populations: Introduction to the special issue | year=2020 | journal=J Adolesc | pages=95–99 | last1 = Espinosa-Hernández | first1 = G | last2 = Choukas-Bradley | first2 = S | last3 = van de Bongardt | first3 = D | last4 = Van Dulmen | first4 = M}}
* {{cite journal | pmid = 32393449 | doi=10.20529/IJME.2020.039 | volume=V | title=Integrating concerns of gender, sexuality and marital status in the medical curriculum | year=2020 | journal=Indian J Med Ethics | pages=92–94 | last1 = Govind | first1 = N | last2 = Chowkhani | first2 = K | issue=2 | doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal | pmid = 32985442 | doi=10.4103/0970-258X.295968 | volume=32 | title=Use of pornography in India: Need to explore its implications | year=2019 | journal=Natl Med J India | pages=282–284 | last1 = Sharma | first1 = MK | last2 = Rao | first2 = GN | last3 = Benegal | first3 = V | last4 = Thennarasu | first4 = K | last5 = Oommen | first5 = D | issue=5 | doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal | pmid = 31533569 | doi=10.1080/26410397.2019.1593787 | volume=27 | title=Sexual health, sexual rights and sexual pleasure: meaningfully engaging the perfect triangle | pmc=7887957 | year=2019 | journal=Sex Reprod Health Matters | article-number=1593787 | last1 = Gruskin | first1 = S | last2 = Yadav | first2 = V | last3 = Castellanos-Usigli | first3 = A | last4 = Khizanishvili | first4 = G | last5 = Kismödi | first5 = E | issue=1 }}
* {{cite journal | pmid = 19856739 | doi=10.1080/15574090902913727 | volume=4 | title=Men who have sex with men in India: a systematic review of the literature | year=2008 | journal=J LGBT Health Res | pages=51–70 | last1 = Setia | first1 = MS | last2 = Brassard | first2 = P | last3 = Jerajani | first3 = HR | last4 = Bharat | first4 = S | last5 = Gogate | first5 = A | last6 = Kumta | first6 = S | last7 = Row-Kavi | first7 = A | last8 = Anand | first8 = V | last9 = Boivin | first9 = JF | issue=2–3 }}.
* {{cite journal | pmid = 22250308 | doi=10.1353/jowh.2011.0050 | volume=23 | title=Writing sex and sexuality: archives of colonial North India | year=2011 | journal=J Womens Hist | pages=12–35 | last1 = Gupta | first1 = C | issue=4 }}
* {{cite journal | pmid = 17954460 | doi=10.1300/j155v11n03_07 | volume=11 | title=Lesbian studies and activism in India | year=2007 | journal=J Lesbian Stud | pages=243–53 | last1 = Vanita | first1 = R | issue=3–4 }}
* {{cite journal | pmid = 31144604 | doi=10.1080/13691058.2019.1614670 | volume=22 | title=Definitions of sex and intimacy among gender and sexual minoritised groups in urban India | year=2020 | journal=Cult Health Sex | pages=520–534 | last1 = Bowling | first1 = J | last2 = Blekfeld-Sztraky | first2 = D | last3 = Simmons | first3 = M | last4 = Dodge | first4 = B | last5 = Sundarraman | first5 = V | last6 = Lakshmi | first6 = B | last7 = Dharuman | first7 = SD | last8 = Herbenick | first8 = D | issue=5 }}
* {{cite journal | pmid = 29250996 | doi=10.1177/1359105317745963 | volume=23 | title=Female condom acceptability in urban India: Examining the role of sexual pleasure | pmc=5772445 | year=2018 | journal=J Health Psychol | pages=218–228 | last1 = Bowling | first1 = J | last2 = Dodge | first2 = B | last3 = Bindra | first3 = N | last4 = Dave | first4 = B | last5 = Sharma | first5 = R | last6 = Sundarraman | first6 = V | last7 = Thirupathur Dharuman | first7 = S | last8 = Herbenick | first8 = D | issue=2 }}
* {{cite journal | pmid = 30511146 | doi=10.1007/s10508-018-1361-x | volume=48 | title=Humanizing an Invisible Population in India: Voices from Bisexual Men Concerning Identity, Life Experiences, and Sexual Health | pmc=6349550 | year=2019 | journal=Arch Sex Behav | pages=305–316 | last1 = Banik | first1 = S | last2 = Dodge | first2 = B | last3 = Schmidt-Sane | first3 = M | last4 = Sivasubramanian | first4 = M | last5 = Bowling | first5 = J | last6 = Rawat | first6 = SM | last7 = Dange | first7 = A | last8 = Anand | first8 = V | issue=1 }}
* {{cite journal | pmid = 32653036 | doi=10.1186/s12889-020-09191-6 | volume=20 | title=Transitions in adolescent boys and young Men's high-risk sexual behaviour in India | pmc=7353811 | year=2020 | journal=BMC Public Health | article-number=1089 | last1 = Sharma | first1 = SK | last2 = Vishwakarma | first2 = D | issue=1 | doi-access=free }}
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=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book|title=For the Record: On Sexuality and the Colonial Archive in India|author=Arondekar, A. and Grewal, I. and Kaplan, C. and Wiegman, R.|isbn=978-0-822-39102-9|series=Next Wave: New Directions in Women's Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2F5tVpAs-74C|year=2009 |publisher= [[Duke University Press]] }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Das | first1 = K. | last2 = Rao | first2 = T. S. S. | year = 2019 | title = A Chronicle of Sexuality in the Indian Subcontinent | url = | journal = Journal of Psychosexual Health | volume = 1 | issue = 1| pages = 20–25 | doi = 10.1177/2631831818822017 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite book|title=Passionate Modernity: Sexuality, Class, and Consumption in India|author=Srivastava, S.|isbn=978-1-000-08416-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v6MJEAAAQBAJ|year=2020|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Gupta | first1 = Mamta | year = 1994 | title = Sexuality in the Indian subcontinent | url = | journal = Sexual and Marital Therapy | volume = 9 | issue = 1| pages = 57–69 | doi = 10.1080/02674659408409567 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Abraham | first1 = Leena | last2 = Kumar | first2 = K. Anil | year = 1999 | title = Sexual Experiences and Their Correlates Among College Students in Mumbai City, India | url = | journal = [[International Family Planning Perspectives]] | volume = 25 | issue = 3| pages = 139–52 | doi = 10.2307/2991963 | jstor = 2991963 }}
* Das, Vishnupriya. "Dating Applications, Intimacy, and Cosmopolitan Desire in India." Global Digital Cultures: Perspectives from South Asia, edited by ASWIN PUNATHAMBEKAR and SRIRAM MOHAN, [[University of Michigan Press]], 2019, pp. 125–41, {{JSTOR|j.ctvndv9rb.9}}
* {{cite journal|author = Puri, Jyoti|title = Concerning Kamasutras: Challenging Narratives of History and Sexuality|journal = Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society|publisher=[[The University of Chicago Press]] |volume = 27|number = 3|pages = 603–639|year = 2002|doi =10.1086/337937 |s2cid = 143809154}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2512559.stm BBC Article on AIDS Awareness in India]
* [http://blogjeez.blogspot.com/2011/02/indian-sex-life.html Indian Sex Life Survey] - Average Ages, Statistics on Foreplay, Intercourse & Frequency, Extramarital & Premarital Data, Homosexuality in Indian Society and other such related issues
* [http://www.bigeye.com/sexeducation/ancientindia.html History of Sex: Ancient India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114040401/http://www.bigeye.com/sexeducation/ancientindia.html |date=14 January 2015 }}
* [http://www.iasstdaids.org/ IASSTD & AIDS] - Indian Association for the Study of Sexually Transmitted Diseases & AIDS
* [http://www.steami.net/lifestyle/worldwide-sexual-survey-results/ India In World Sex Survey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110108/http://www.steami.net/lifestyle/worldwide-sexual-survey-results/ |date=24 September 2015 }} - Frequency of sex in India & other data

{{India topics}}
{{Sexuality by country}}
{{Human sexuality and sexology}}
{{Human sexuality}}
{{Sexual revolution}}
{{Authority control}}
{{portal bar|India|human sexuality|Sex work|Erotica and pornography|Nudity}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sexuality in India}}
[[Category:Sexuality in India| ]]
[[Category:Demographic history of India|Sex]]
[[Category:History of human sexuality|India]]

1982 Asian Games medal table

2026-02-01T06:52:58Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Stub

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium1.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt=A multipurpose sports arena located in Delhi|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]] as it appeared in July 2010, was the main venue for the 1982 Asiad.]]
The [[1982 Asian Games]] (also known as the IX Asiad){{Ref label|A|a|a}} was a [[multi-sport event]] held in [[Delhi]], [[India]], from 12 November to 4 December 1982. A total of 3,411 athletes from 33 [[National Olympic Committee]]s (NOCs) participated in these games, competing in 147 events in 21 sports and 22 disciplines. The number of participating countries was the greatest in [[Asian Games]] history. Sport events of [[Handball at the Asian Games|handball]], [[Equestrian at the Asian Games|equestrian]], [[Rowing at the Asian Games|rowing]] and [[Golf at the Asian Games|golf]] were included for the first time; while [[Fencing at the Asian Games|fencing]] and [[Bowling at the Asian Games|bowling]] were excluded.<ref name="sportspak">{{cite web | url=http://www.sports.gov.pk/Participation/9th_Asian_Games.htm | title=IX Asian Games | access-date=11 April 2011 | publisher=[[Pakistan Sports Board]]'s official website | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324002516/http://www.sports.gov.pk/Participation/9th_Asian_Games.htm | archive-date=24 March 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> This medal table ranks the participating NOCs by the number of gold medals won by their athletes.<ref name="myas">{{cite web|url=http://yas.nic.in/writereaddata/linkimages/0561982168.pdf |title=IX Asian Games, New Delhi 1982 |publisher=[[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)|India Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]] |access-date=16 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310053918/http://yas.nic.in/writereaddata/linkimages/0561982168.pdf |archive-date=10 March 2012 }}</ref><ref name="ocasia">{{cite web | url=http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GameParticular.aspx?GPCode=13 | title=New Delhi 1982 | access-date=1 April 2011 | publisher=[[Olympic Council of Asia]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613093727/http://ocasia.org/Game/GameParticular.aspx?GPCode=13 | archive-date=13 June 2010 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Athletes from 23 participating NOCs won at least one medal; athletes from 16 of these NOCs secured at least one gold.<ref name="ocasia1">{{cite web | url=http://www.ocasia.org/Game/MWinner.aspx?AMWCode=13&GCode=1 | title=Overall Medal Standings – New Delhi 1982 | access-date=2 April 2011 | publisher=[[Olympic Council of Asia]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616235056/http://ocasia.org/Game/MWinner.aspx?AMWCode=13&GCode=1 | archive-date=16 June 2010 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Athletes from [[China at the 1982 Asian Games|China]] won 61 gold medals, the most of any nation at these Asiad, and led the gold-medal count for the first time in their Asiad history. Japan had won the greatest number of medals in previous editions of the Games.<ref name="SMH">{{cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=i55WAAAAIBAJ&sjid=O-cDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6990,2522906&dq=asian+games&hl=en | title=Asian Games: China the big winner | newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] | date=8 December 1982 | access-date=13 April 2011 | author=Gupta, Ranjan | page=17 | archive-date=9 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009063450/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=i55WAAAAIBAJ&sjid=O-cDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6990,2522906&dq=asian+games&hl=en | url-status=live }}</ref> China first competed at the Asian Games in [[1974 Asian Games|1974]], in [[Tehran]], where it finished third.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/article878206.ece | title=China expects to top Asian Games medals tally | access-date=9 April 2011 | date=10 November 2010 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | archive-date=4 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222222/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/article878206.ece | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="china">{{cite book | title=Olympic dreams: China and sports, 1895-2008 | author=Xu, Guoqi | year=2008 | publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] | pages=55–60 | isbn=978-0-674-02840-1}}</ref> Athletes from both China and [[Japan at the 1982 Asian Games|Japan]] won the most total medals with 153. China has secured the top medal spot in every Asiad since 1982.<ref name="Sport and women">{{cite book | title=Sport and women: social issues in international perspective |author1=Hartmann-Tews, Ilse |author2=Pfister, Gertrud | year=2003 | publisher=[[Routledge]] | pages=232–235 | isbn=0-415-24628-8}}</ref><ref name="sify">{{cite web | url=http://www.sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13383371 | title=The 9th Asian Games in New Delhi, India | access-date=9 April 2011 | website=[[Sify]] | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020060142/http://www.sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13383371 | archive-date=20 October 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[South Korea at the 1982 Asian Games|South Korea]] finished third in total medals. [[North Korea at the 1982 Asian Games|North Korea]] finished fifth in total medals, and fourth in the gold-medal count. Host nation [[India at the 1982 Asian Games|India]] finished the games with 57 medals overall (13 gold, 19 silver and 25 bronze, its best performance since [[1951 Asian Games|1951]]), in fifth spot in terms of total gold medals.<ref name="yojana">{{cite magazine |author1=Kaur Vijay |author2=Sriman R |author3=Rijvi S.T. Husain |title=Yojana (Spotlight on youth & sports) |journal=Socio-Economic |volume=32 |issue=12 |pages=18–36 |year=1988 |location=Delhi|publisher=Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]] }}</ref><ref name="toi">{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/india-news/India-record-their-best-ever-performance-in-Asian-Games/articleshow/6996299.cms | title=India record their best-ever performance in Asian Games | access-date=9 April 2011 | date=26 November 2010 | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | archive-date=20 January 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120014430/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/india-news/India-record-their-best-ever-performance-in-Asian-Games/articleshow/6996299.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Medal table ==

The ranking in this table is consistent with [[International Olympic Committee]] convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a nation is an entity represented by a National Olympic Committee). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given; they are listed alphabetically by IOC country code.<ref name="ocasia1"/><ref name="WSJ">{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Ian|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121856271893833843?mod=psp_free_today&mg=com-wsj#printMode|title=Who's on First in Medals Race|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=13 August 2008|access-date=11 April 2011|archive-date=4 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604204831/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121856271893833843.html?mod=psp_free_today&mg=com-wsj#printMode|url-status=live}}</ref>

A total of 614 medals (199 gold, 200 silver and 215 bronze) were awarded. The total number of bronze medals is greater than the total number of gold or silver medals because two bronze medals were awarded per event in three sports: [[Badminton at the Asian Games|badminton]], [[Boxing at the Asian Games|boxing]] and [[Table tennis at the Asian Games|table tennis]] (except the team events).
<ref name="doha1">{{cite web |url=http://www.doha-2006.com/gis/menuroot/sports/Badminton_HR.aspx?id=BD |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104042716/http://www.doha-2006.com/gis/menuroot/sports/Badminton_HR.aspx?id=BD |archive-date=4 January 2007 |title=Badminton – Past Medals (Medallists from previous Asian Games – Badminton) | publisher=[[Wayback Machine]] | work=[[2006 Asian Games|Doha Asian Games]]' official website | date=28 November 2006 | access-date=14 April 2011 }}</ref><ref name="doha2">{{cite web | url=http://www.doha-2006.com/gis/menuroot/sports/Boxing_HR.aspx?id=BX | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104050253/http://www.doha-2006.com/gis/menuroot/sports/Boxing_HR.aspx?id=BX | archive-date=4 January 2007| title=Boxing – Past Medals (Medallists from previous Asian Games – Boxing) | publisher=Wayback Machine | work=Doha Asian Games' official website | date=28 November 2006 | access-date=14 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="doha3">{{cite web | url=http://www.doha-2006.com/gis/menuroot/sports/TableTennis_HR.aspx?id=TT |
archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104043036/http://www.doha-2006.com/gis/menuroot/sports/TableTennis_HR.aspx?id=TT | archive-date= 4 January 2007 | title=Table Tennis – Past Medals (Medallists from previous Asian Games – Table Tennis) | publisher=Wayback Machine | work=Doha Asian Games' official website | date=26 November 2006 | access-date=14 April 2011}}</ref> Additionally there was a tie for the silver medal in the women's 200 metre medley in swimming and no bronze was awarded.<ref name="doha4">{{cite web | url=http://www.doha-2006.com/gis/menuroot/sports/Swimming_HR.aspx?id=SW | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105150236/http://www.doha-2006.com/gis/menuroot/sports/Swimming_HR.aspx?id=SW | archive-date= 5 January 2007 | title=Swimming – Past Medals (Medallists from previous Asian Games – Swimming) | publisher=Wayback Machine | work=Doha Asian Games' official website | date=29 November 2006 | access-date=14 April 2011}}</ref> In gymnastics events many shared medals were awarded; a three-way tie in men's pommel horse and a tie in men's ring for first place, meant that no silvers were awarded for those events. Three gymnasts in men's parallel bars and two each in men's floor, women's uneven bar and women's floor tied for second place, thus no bronzes were awarded in these events and also no silver was awarded for men's parallel bars. A tie for third in men's vault meant that two bronze medals were awarded.<ref name="gymnasticsresults">{{cite web | url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/aagm.html | title=All Asian Games – Artistic Gymnastics Men | publisher=gymnasticsresults.com | access-date=13 April 2011 | author=Azawi, Salih al | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919024226/http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/aagm.html | archive-date=19 September 2012 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="gymnasticsresults1">{{cite web | url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/aagw.html | title=All Asian Games – Artistic Gymnastics Women | publisher=gymnasticsresults.com | access-date=13 April 2011 | author=Azawi, Salih al | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919024034/http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/aagw.html | archive-date=19 September 2012 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

<onlyinclude>{{Medals table
| caption =
| host = IND
| flag_template = flagIOC2team
| event = 1982 Asian Games
| team =
| remaining_link = [[1982 Asian Games medal table#Medal table|Remaining]]
| show_limit = <includeonly>10</includeonly>

| gold_CHN = 61 | silver_CHN = 51 | bronze_CHN = 41
| gold_JPN = 57 | silver_JPN = 52 | bronze_JPN = 44
| gold_KOR = 28 | silver_KOR = 28 | bronze_KOR = 37
| gold_PRK = 17 | silver_PRK = 19 | bronze_PRK = 20
| gold_IND = 13 | silver_IND = 19 | bronze_IND = 25 | host_IND = yes
| gold_INA = 4 | silver_INA = 4 | bronze_INA = 7
| gold_IRN = 4 | silver_IRN = 4 | bronze_IRN = 4
| gold_PAK = 3 | silver_PAK = 3 | bronze_PAK = 5
| gold_MGL = 3 | silver_MGL = 3 | bronze_MGL = 1
| gold_PHI = 2 | silver_PHI = 3 | bronze_PHI = 9
| gold_IRQ = 2 | silver_IRQ = 3 | bronze_IRQ = 4
| gold_THA = 1 | silver_THA = 5 | bronze_THA = 4
| gold_KUW = 1 | silver_KUW = 3 | bronze_KUW = 3
| gold_SYR = 1 | silver_SYR = 1 | bronze_SYR = 1
| gold_MAL = 1 | silver_MAL = 0 | bronze_MAL = 3
| gold_SIN = 1 | silver_SIN = 0 | bronze_SIN = 2
| gold_AFG = 0 | silver_AFG = 1 | bronze_AFG = 0
| gold_LIB = 0 | silver_LIB = 1 | bronze_LIB = 0
| gold_BRN = 0 | silver_BRN = 0 | bronze_BRN = 1
| gold_HKG = 0 | silver_HKG = 0 | bronze_HKG = 1
| gold_SAU = 0 | silver_SAU = 0 | bronze_SAU = 1
| gold_QAT = 0 | silver_QAT = 0 | bronze_QAT = 1
| gold_VIE = 0 | silver_VIE = 0 | bronze_VIE = 1
}}</onlyinclude>

== Medal distribution ==
<div style="text-align: center;">{{Annotated image
|float = none
|width = 800
|image = 1982 Asian Games medal map.png{{!}}link=
|image-width = 800
|caption = Participating NOCs with: {{legend inline|gold|at least one gold medal (*)}}; {{legend inline|silver|at least one silver medal ({{dagger}})}}; {{legend inline|#cc9966|at least one bronze medal (^)}}. Red circle: host city.
{{div col|colwidth=10em}}
#Afghanistan
#Bahrain
#China
#North Korea
#Hong Kong
#India
#Indonesia
#Iran
#Iraq
#Japan
#South Korea
#Kuwait
#Lebanon
#Malaysia
#Mongolia
#Pakistan
#Philippines
#Qatar
#Saudi Arabia
#Singapore
#Syria
#Thailand
#Vietnam
{{div col end}}
|alt=Map of Asia illustrating the countries/regions that have won medal(s) in the 1982 Asian Games
|annotations =
{{Annotation|233|193|1{{dagger}}|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|138|240|2^ {{!}}|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|500|185|3*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|634|144|4*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|596|285|5{{dagger}}|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|338|290|6*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|600|485|7*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|155|200|8*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|79|200|9*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|725|165|10*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|653|170|11*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|111|228|12*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|24|192|13{{dagger}}|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|562|440|14*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|446|91|15*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|267|224|16*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|663|367|17*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|147|260|— 18^|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|98|273|19^|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|538|460|20*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|45|181|21*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|505|336|22*|font-size=14}}
{{Annotation|551|336|23^|font-size=14}}
}}</div>

== Notes and references ==
'''Notes'''
{{refbegin}}
*{{Note label|A|a|a}}"IX Asiad" was the general term used by the [[Indian Government]] and Special Organising Committee (SOC) formed for the 1982 Asian Games, which was succeeded by the [[Sports Authority of India]] (SAI).<ref name="lok sabha">{{cite book | title=Lok Sabha debates | publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat | author=[[Indian Parliament]] – [[Lok Sabha]] | year=1983 | location=[[New Delhi]] | pages=158–167}}</ref><ref name="Concise Encyclopaedia ">{{cite encyclopedia | title=Youth Affairs Sport and Games | encyclopedia=Concise Encyclopaedia of India | publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |author1=Gupta, K.R. |author2=Gupta, Amita | editor=Gupta, K.R. |editor2=Gupta, Amita | year=2006 | volume=3 | location=New Delhi | pages=954–955}}</ref>
{{Refend}}
'''References'''
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.ocasia.org/ Official Website of the Olympic Council of Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906180838/http://www.ocasia.org/ |date=6 September 2018 }}
{{Asian Games Medal Counts}}
{{featured list}}

[[Category:1982 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Summer Games medal tables]]

Rupal State

2026-01-09T19:34:02Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Page updated with additional details

{{Short description|Town and former princely state in India}}
{{For|namesakes|Rupal (disambiguation){{!}}Rupal}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{princely states topics}}
'''Rupal''' is a town and former princely state in [[Gujarat]], western India.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 17, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref>

== History ==
Rupal was a Fifth Class [[princely state]], comprising twelve more villages, covering sixteen square miles in [[Mahi Kantha]], It has been deprived of its jurisdiction as [[taluka]] due to maladministration.

It had a combined population of 3,113 in 1901, yielding a state revenue of 7,045 Rupees (1903–4, half from land), paying tributes of 1,165 Rupees to the Gaikwar [[Baroda State]] and 362 Rupees to [[Idar State]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links and sources ==

* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_019.gif Imperial Gazetteer on DSAL - Mahi Kantha]

{{Princely states of the Western India States Agency}}

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

[[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]]

{{Gujarat-PrincelyState-stub}}

Aniket Nikam

2026-01-07T01:22:00Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Stub

{{Short description|Indian lawyer}}
'''Aniket Nikam''' (born 18 June 1985)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aniket Ujjwal Nikam |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136661922 |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=www.wikidata.org |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian [[lawyer]] practising criminal law at the [[Bombay High Court]] and the [[Supreme Court of India]]. He has appeared in several cases concerning [[anticipatory bail]], [[Criminal defenses|criminal defence]], and economic offences. Nikam is also active in public life and serves as a state [[spokesperson]] for the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) in [[Maharashtra]].

He is the son of senior [[advocate]] and [[Rajya Sabha]] member [[Ujjwal Nikam]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Ujjwal Nikam became Maharashtra's most popular lawyer |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/avenger |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=caravanmagazine.in |language=en}}</ref> a noted special public [[prosecutor]] who was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-14 |title='Mi Marathit bolu ka Hindi?' Rajya Sabha pick Ujjwal Nikam recalls sharing laugh with PM Narendra Modi; says President entrusted him with responsibility |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/hindi-or-marathi-rs-pick-nikam-recalls-sharing-laugh-with-pm-modi/articleshow/122423233.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Aniket Nikam was born in [[Jalgaon]], [[Maharashtra]], to [[Ujjwal Nikam]], an Indian special [[public prosecutor]] and [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], and Jyoti Nikam, a homemaker.{{citation needed|date=November 2025}}

He completed his schooling at St. Joseph's Convent Senior Secondary School, [[Jalgaon]]. He later obtained a Bachelor of Legal Science & Bachelor of Laws (BLS–LLB) degree from [[Government Law College, Mumbai]], in 2008.

In 2009, Nikam completed a [[Master of Laws]] (LL.M.) from the [[School of Law]] at [[New York University]], specialising in areas related to [[criminal justice]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simranjeet |date=2025-06-07 |title=Mumbai Court rejects bail plea of lawyer who cheated client of Rs 2.45 crore by fabricating Bombay High Court orders |url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2025/06/07/mumbai-court-rejects-bail-plea-of-lawyer-who-cheated-client-by-fabricating-bomhc-orders/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=SCC Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vidya |date=2023-09-21 |title=Bombay High Court grants bail to murder accused gangster as trial drags on for 9 years |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/bombay-high-court-grants-bail-murder-accused-gangster-trial-drags-9-years-2438496-2023-09-21 |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Legal career ==
After returning to India in 2009, Nikam began practising as a [[Criminal defenses|criminal defence]] lawyer in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vidya |date=2024-12-27 |title=Man accused of abetment in Mumbai Air India pilot's suicide gets bail |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/law-news/story/mumbai-air-india-pilot-suicide-delhi-man-gets-bail-sristhi-tuli-aditya-pandit-dindoshi-sessions-court-2656414-2024-12-27 |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> His practice includes matters related to [[anticipatory bail]], [[criminal investigation]], white-collar offences, and general criminal litigation.

He has represented clients before the [[Bombay High Court]],<ref>{{Citation |title=Bombay High Court |date=2025-11-24 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bombay_High_Court&oldid=1323900020 |access-date=2025-11-26 |language=en}}</ref> various lower courts in Maharashtra, and, in certain matters, before the Supreme Court of India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-25 |title=26/11 convict Tahawwur Rana loses extradition appeal in US. Here's what's next for him |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/2611-convict-tahawwur-rana-loses-extradition-appeal-in-us-101737798221495.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable cases ==
Nikam has appeared as counsel in several high-profile matters. Some of the significant cases he has been associated with include:

* '''[[Adarsh Housing Society scandal]]''' – Represented the Ministry of Defence in proceedings related to alleged irregularities in land allotments and permissions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-27 |title=Nikam Junior to represent MoD |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/nikam-junior-to-represent-mod/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Raj Kundra]] and [[Shilpa Shetty]] Case''' – Secured anticipatory bail for the couple in an alleged cheating and breach of trust matter.<ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2017-05-20 |title=Anticipatory bail for Shilpa Shetty, Raj Kundra in cheating case |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/May/20/anticipatory-bail-for-shilpa-shetty-raj-kundra-in-cheating-case-1607188.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Vidyut Jammwal Case''' – Represented actor [[Vidyut Jammwal]], who was acquitted in an assault case.<ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2019-06-17 |title=Court acquits 'Commando' actor Vidyut Jamwal in 2007 assault case |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/Jun/17/court-acquits-commando-actor-vidyut-jamwal-in-2007-assault-case-1991359.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=ANI |title=Vidyut Jamwal acquitted in a 12-year-old assault case |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/vidyut-jamwal-acquitted-in-a-12-year-old-assault-case-119061700572_1.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20190617120619/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/vidyut-jamwal-acquitted-in-a-12-year-old-assault-case-119061700572_1.html |archive-date=2019-06-17 |access-date=2025-11-26 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vidya |date=2019-06-17 |title=Commando actor Vidyut Jammwal acquitted in 12-year-old assault case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/commando-actor-vidyut-jammwal-acquitted-in-12-year-old-assault-case-1550506-2019-06-17 |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Nana Patekar]] ‘Me Too’ Case''' – Represented the actor in proceedings arising from a complaint filed during the 2018 Me Too movement.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-08 |title=Actor Nana Patekar gets court relief in 'Me Too' case |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/nana-patekar-gets-court-relief-in-me-too-case/articleshow/118792832.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=MeToo allegations against Nana Patekar: Court says no explanation given on delay in filing FIR, disposes case |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/nana-patekar-me-too-case-dismissed-9874594/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-11 |title=Nana Patekar gets big relief in 'Me Too' case, Magistrate court dismisses complaint |url=https://www.peepingmoon.com/entertainment-news/news/79940/Nana-Patekar-gets-big-relief-in-Me-Too-case-Magistrate-court-dismisses-complaint.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=www.peepingmoon.com/ |language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Dhananjay Munde]] Case''' – Secured anticipatory bail for NCP leader [[Dhananjay Munde]] in a case relating to alleged financial misappropriation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-16 |title=NCP leader gets pre-arrest bail in loan scam case |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/ncp-leader-gets-pre-arrest-bail-in-loan-scam-case-2979227/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Narayan Rane]] Case''' – Obtained anticipatory bail for BJP leader [[Narayan Rane]] in a case involving alleged defamatory remarks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vidya |date=2021-08-24 |title=No relief for Narayan Rane from Bombay High Court in 'slap Uddhav' case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bombay-high-court-narayan-rane-uddhav-thackeray-remark-1844716-2021-08-24 |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-24 |title=Union Minister Narayan Rane Approaches Bombay HC To Quash FIRs For Remarks Against Uddhav Thackarey |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/union-minister-narayan-rane-approaches-bombay-hc-to-quash-firs-for-remarks-against-uddhav-thackarey-180160 |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Anil Deshmukh]] Case''' – Represented former Maharashtra Home Minister [[Anil Deshmukh]] in a CBI corruption case. Deshmukh had already been granted bail in the [[Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002|Prevention of Money Laundering Act]] (PMLA) case after the court considered all material on record. The defence, led by senior advocate Vikram Choudhry along with advocate Aniket Nikam, noted that this bail order had not been disturbed by the Supreme Court.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-12 |title=Former Maharashtra minister Anil Deshmukh gets bail, but will stay in jail for 10 more days |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/bombay-hc-grants-bail-to-former-maharashtra-minister-anil-deshmukh-in-corruption-case-being-probed-by-cbi/articleshow/96164482.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vidya |date=2022-12-12 |title=Bombay HC grants bail to Anil Deshmukh, gives time to CBI to approach SC |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/bombay-high-court-grants-bail-anil-deshmukh-cbi-to-approach-before-supreme-court-2308173-2022-12-12 |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Maharashtra Minister Anil Deshmukh released from jail in Mumbai |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/former-maharashtra-minister-anil-deshmukh-released-from-jail-in-mumbai20221228172634/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>
* '''TRP Manipulation Case''' – Appeared for Shirish Shetty of Fakht Marathi in proceedings related to alleged rigging of [[Target rating point|television ratings]].A city civil and sessions court granted bail to Shirish Pattanshetty, the owner of the Fakt Marathi channel, in the [[Television Rating Point]] (TRP) manipulation case. Pattanshetty maintained his innocence, claiming he never paid any money for rigging rating points. The defense, led by his lawyer, Aniket Nikam, successfully argued for his release.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-10-29 |title=TRP case: Fakt Marathi channel owner gets bail |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/trp-case-fakt-marathi-channel-owner-gets-bail/article32977090.ece |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* '''[[NSEL case|NSEL Scam]]''' – Secured bail for Jignesh Shah, promoter of MCX, in a multi-crore commodities scam investigation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-09-08 |title=Bombay high court rejects ED plea to cancel bail granted to Yogesh Deshmukh in NSEL case |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/bombay-high-court-rejects-ed-plea-to-cancel-bail-granted-to-yogesh-deshmukh-in-nsel-case/articleshow/86043358.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-06-29 |title=MCX promoter Jignesh Shah files fresh bail plea in High Court |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mcx-promoter-jignesh-shah-files-fresh-bail-plea-in-high-court/articleshow/37455463.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-23 |title=Bombay High Court grants bail to Jignesh Shah in NSEL scam case|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140823/business-companies/article/hc-grants-bail-ftils-jignesh-shah-nsel-scam-case |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Karjat]] Assault Case''' – Represented MLA Suresh Lad in a case alleging assault on a deputy collector.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NCP MLA Suresh Lad acquitted from charge of assaulting Deputy Collector |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-ncp-mla-suresh-lad-acquitted-from-charge-of-assaulting-deputy-collector-2587335 |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Yashomati Thakur Case''' – Represented former Women and Child Development Minister in an alleged assault case.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-10-22 |title=HC suspends minister's sentence in assault case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/hc-suspends-ministers-sentence-in-assault-case/article32922381.ece |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* '''Maharashtra Sadan Scam''' – Secured interim bail for MP [[Sanjay Kakade]] in a case related to construction irregularities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-06-01 |title=Maha Sadan case: Kakade gets interim protection from arrest |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maha-sadan-case-kakade-gets-interim-protection-from-arrest/articleshow/52541417.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* '''Hindustani Bhau Case''' – Represented the YouTuber in a case alleging incitement of students during protests.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vidya |date=2022-02-17 |title=YouTuber Hindustani Bhau granted bail by Mumbai court in Dharavi students protest case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/youtuber-hindustani-bhau-granted-bail-mumbai-court-dharavi-students-protest-case-1914531-2022-02-17 |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Gharkul Housing Scam''' – Represented MLA [[Gulabrao Deokar]] in a case concerning alleged fund diversion in [[Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation|Jalgaon Municipal Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-27 |title=Nikam Junior to represent MoD |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/nikam-junior-to-represent-mod/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Suspended GRP Officers Case''' – Secured anticipatory bail for three officers accused of extortion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-16 |title=Bombay HC grants pre-arrest bail to 3 GRP cops accused in Rajasthan jeweller's extortion, assault case |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/bombay-hc-grants-pre-arrest-bail-to-3-grp-cops-accused-in-rajasthan-jewellers-extortion-assault-case/articleshow/123904840.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* '''Sanam Hasan Case''' – Appeared on behalf of the family of Sanam Hasan, seeking transfer of the investigation to the CBI.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-09-16 |title=2-yr after girl's death, case transferred to CBI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2-yr-after-girls-death-case-transferred-to-cbi/articleshow/42611766.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-07-10 |title=Police no good at probes, says HC in Pune party death case |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/police-no-good-at-probes-says-hc-in-pune-party-death-case/articleshow/38094791.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* '''Citrus Check-Inns Scam''' – Secured bail for promoter Omprakash Goenka in an alleged investor fraud case.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Twinkle Star Club & Citrus Check Inns Refund Website Launched by Kurhekar Committee |url=https://www.moneylife.in/article/royal-twinkle-star-club-and-citrus-check-inns-refund-website-launched-by-kurhekar-committee/77562.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=Moneylife NEWS & VIEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-19 |title=EOW to probe ₹8,000 crore holiday firm scam after investors hold massive protest in Pune |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/eow-to-probe-8-000-crore-holiday-firm-scam-after-investors-hold-massive-protest-in-pune/story-QBaFQKELSVgysjq7QkiAIL.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-17 |title=Sebi to auction properties of Royal Twinkle, Citrus Check Inns on July 15 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/sebi-to-auction-properties-of-royal-twinkle-citrus-check-inns-on-july-15/articleshow/92285878.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
* '''Pallavi Sansare Murder Case''' – Represented and secured acquittal for an accused in a double murder case in [[Pune]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-14 |title=Bombay HC grants bail to three accused in Govind Pansare murder case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/bombay-hc-grants-bail-to-three-accused-in-govind-pansare-murder-case/article70163553.ece |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-14 |title=Pansare killing accused urges HC to stop monitoring probe |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/high-court-hears-plea-to-halt-monitoring-of-pansare-murder-probe/articleshow/115309252.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* '''[[Tandav (TV series)|Tandav Web Series]] Case''' – Secured anticipatory bail for director [[Ali Abbas Zafar]] and [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] executive Aparna Purohit in cases alleging hurt religious sentiments.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bombay High Court Grants Relief From Arrest To "Tandav" Director, Others |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bombay-high-court-grants-transit-pre-arrest-bail-to-tandav-director-others-2355561 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230130025707/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bombay-high-court-grants-transit-pre-arrest-bail-to-tandav-director-others-2355561 |archive-date=2023-01-30 |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Saigal |first=Sonam |date=2021-01-20 |title=Writer, director, producer of 'Tandav' get transit anticipatory bail |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/writer-director-producer-of-tandav-get-transit-anticipatory-bail/article33620641.ece |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* '''[[Antilia bomb scare|Antilia Bomb Scare]] Case''' – Represented and secured bail for bookie Naresh Gaur.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-06 |title=Bombay High Court rejects Sachin Waze's petition in Antilia bomb scare case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/bombay-high-court-rejects-sachin-wazes-petition-in-antilia-bomb-scare-case/article69299687.ece |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* '''Srishti Tuli Case''' – Represented the boyfriend of an [[Air India]] pilot who died by [[suicide]], obtaining anticipatory bail.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Air India Pilot Suicide: Mumbai Court Grants Bail To Srishti Tuli's Boyfriend |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/air-india-pilot-suicide-mumbai-court-grants-bail-to-srishti-tulis-boyfriend-7344080 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250123235647/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/air-india-pilot-suicide-mumbai-court-grants-bail-to-srishti-tulis-boyfriend-7344080 |archive-date=2025-01-23 |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Vijay Sharma Case''' – Represented a [[cosmetic surgeon]] accused of negligence by a model-actor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-12 |title=Actor suicide: Abetment FIR against Mumbai cosmetic surgeon quashed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/actor-suicide-abetment-fir-against-mumbai-cosmetic-surgeon-quashed/articleshow/118903275.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Doc uses CCTV to expose model who said he molested her |url=https://www.ndtv.com/mumbai-news/doc-uses-cctv-to-expose-model-who-said-he-molested-her-471943 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20221125172252/https://www.ndtv.com/mumbai-news/doc-uses-cctv-to-expose-model-who-said-he-molested-her-471943 |archive-date=2022-11-25 |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref>
* '''Sharjeel Usmani Case''' – Represented complainant Pradeep Gawade of the [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2021-05-20 |title=FIR against Sharjeel Usmani over objectionable tweets |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fir-against-sharjeel-usmani-over-objectionable-tweets/article34602688.ece |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-05-20 |title=Maharashtra: FIR against Sharjeel Usmani over 'objectionable' tweets |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/maharashtra-fir-against-sharjeel-usmani-over-objectionable-tweets/articleshow/82791671.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FIR Against Sharjeel Usmani Over 'Objectionable' Tweets |url=https://thewire.in/communalism/fir-against-sharjeel-usmani-over-objectionable-tweets |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-12 |title=Actor suicide: Abetment FIR against Mumbai cosmetic surgeon quashed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/actor-suicide-abetment-fir-against-mumbai-cosmetic-surgeon-quashed/articleshow/118903275.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* '''[[Param Bir Singh]] Extortion Case''' – Appeared for [[police officer]]s implicated in an extortion case linked to the former [[Mumbai Police Commissioner]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-08 |title=Extortion case against Param Bir Singh: Court refuses bail to two inspectors |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/extortion-case-against-param-bir-singh-court-refuses-bail-to-two-inspectors-101638976461563.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-21 |title=Extortion case: Sessions court gives bail to Param Bir, Waze co-accused |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/extortion-case-court-bail-param-bir-waze-co-accused-7734376/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-20 |title=Mumbai: Trial court grants bail to Vinay Singh, co-accused of Param Bir Singh, in extortion case |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-trial-court-grants-bail-to-vinay-singh-co-accused-of-param-bir-singh-in-extortion-case/articleshow/89021340.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vidya |date=2021-12-02 |title=Proclaimed offender order against Param Bir Singh's co-accused in extortion case scrapped |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/proclaimed-offender-order-param-bir-singh-co-accused-extortion-case-scrapped-1883213-2021-12-02 |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Krishna Nagar Murder Case''' – Secured acquittal of three individuals convicted in the [[Murder cases|murder case]] in [[Nashik]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Som |first=Moyurie |date=2025-09-01 |title=Prime suspect in murder of 18-year-old arrested in Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/prime-suspect-in-murder-of-18-year-old-arrested-in-uttar-pradesh/article70000050.ece |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-31 |title=Daylight murder in West Bengal: 19-year-old shot twice by boyfriend in front of family |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/college-student-shot-dead-by-boyfriend-in-krishnanagar/articleshow/123508093.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* '''Pramod Dhumal Case''' – Represented a [[journalist]] accused of sending obscene messages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2021-01-08 |title=Pre-arrest bail for Maharashtra journalist accused of stalking, obscenity |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/Jan/08/pre-arrest-bail-for-maharashtra-journalist-accused-of-stalking-obscenity-2247412.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pramod Anandrao Dhumal, IND candidate bio : Assets, Total Income, Liabilities, Criminal Cases and other details. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/LokSabha2024/pramod-anandrao-dhumal-7464/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Bhushan Kumar]] Extortion Case''' – Represented politician Mallikarjun Pujari in an alleged extortion matter.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-19 |title=Mumbai: Court slams accused producer & 'victim' actor in rape case |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/court-slams-accused-producer-victim-actor-in-rape-case/articleshow/90922689.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-16 |title=T-Series issues statement after head Bhushan Kumar is booked for rape: 'We have evidence of extortion attempt' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/tseries-issues-statement-after-head-bhushan-kumar-is-booked-for-rape-we-have-evidence-of-extortion-attempt-101626436725572.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2021-08-10 |title=Extortion case: Mumbai court grants pre-arrest bail to accused politician |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/mumbai/2021/Aug/10/extortion-case-mumbai-court-grants-pre-arrest-bail-to-accused-politician-2342909.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Manikrao Kokate]] Cheating Case (1995) – Appeared as counsel for [[Nationalist Congress Party]] ([[Ajit Pawar]] faction) leader '''[[Manikrao Kokate]]''' before the '''[[Bombay High Court]]''' in a revision application arising out of a 1995 cheating case. In December 2024, a single-judge bench of Justice '''Rajesh Laddha''' refused to stay Kokate’s conviction but suspended the sentence pending further proceedings. Kokate was represented by advocate '''Aniket Nikam'''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benwal |first=Narsi |date=2025-12-19 |title=Bombay High Court Refuses To Stay Conviction Of Sports Minister Manikrao Kokate In 1995 Cheating Case, Suspends Sentence |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/bombay-high-court/bombay-high-court-refuses-to-stay-conviction-of-sports-minister-manikrao-kokate-in-1995-cheating-case-suspends-sentence-513980 |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Political involvement ==
Nikam's political involvement began during his time as a student at [[New York University]], where he participated in local canvassing activities as part of the 2008 [[Barack Obama]] presidential campaign under the guidance of Professor [[Derrick Bell]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cobb |first=Jelani |date=2021-09-13 |title=The Man Behind Critical Race Theory |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/09/20/the-man-behind-critical-race-theory |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The New Yorker |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Syndicate |first=Thomas Sowell, Creators |title=Obama's early mentors and allies shared hostility toward West |url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/opinion/cartoons/2012/09/28/obama-s-early-mentors-allies/24020330007/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The Columbus Dispatch |language=en-US}}</ref>

After returning to India, he re-entered active politics during the [[2024 Indian general election]], when his father contested from the [[Mumbai North Central Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deshpande |first=Abhinay |date=2024-04-27 |title=Lok Sabha 2024: Ujjwal Nikam replaces Poonam Mahajan as BJP's Mumbai North Central candidate |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/lawyer-ujjwal-nikam-replaces-mahajan-as-bjp-candidate-from-mumbai-north-central/article68114254.ece |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=5 Facts On Ujjwal Nikam, BJP's Candidate For Mumbai North Central Seat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/who-is-ujjwal-nikam-bjp-candidate-from-mumbai-north-central-seat-5537096 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241209074212/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/who-is-ujjwal-nikam-bjp-candidate-from-mumbai-north-central-seat-5537096 |archive-date=2024-12-09 |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Mumbai North Central Election Results 2024: Ujjwal Nikam leads against Congress' Varsha Gaikwad |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/maharashtra/mumbai-north-central-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-bjp-ujjwal-nikam-congress-varsha-gaikwad-santosh-ganpat-vote-counting-winning-losing-candidates-2024-06-04-934340 |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, he was appointed a spokesperson for the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party's]] Maharashtra.

In 2025, Nikam was part of a delegation that filed a complaint against the Maharashtra unit of the Indian National Congress, alleging attempts to incite violence through social media.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-30 |title=Maharashtra: FIR filed after Congress post on X showing a BJP office in flames |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-unit-of-bjp-files-police-complaint-against-congress-post-on-x-10279014/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mutha |first=Snehal |date=2025-09-30 |title=FIR filed against Maharashtra Congress over social media post |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/fir-filed-against-maharashtra-congress-over-social-media-post/article70113998.ece |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-30 |title=Maharashtra: FIR filed against social media post by state Congress unit showing BJP office on fire |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-fir-filed-against-social-media-post-by-state-congress-unit-showing-bjp-office-on-fire/articleshow/124224691.cms |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Criminal Law in India]]
* [[Ujjwal Nikam]]
* [[Jalgaon]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:New York University School of Law alumni]]

List of Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for Meitei

2025-12-16T18:22:05Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Added some data from scratch

{{Short description|Winners of a literary honour in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
'''Bal Sahitya Puraskar''' ({{Translation|Children's literature award}}) is given each year to writers for their outstanding works in [[children's literature]] in [[Meitei language]] (officially called [[Manipuri language]]), since 2010.

== Recipients ==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] for their works written in [[Meitei language|Meitei (Manipuri)]]. The award comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.<ref name="the quint">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal, Yuva Puraskar for 2018 |url=https://www.thequint.com/hotwire-text/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-yuva-puraskar-for-2018 |website=www.thequint.com |date=2018-06-22 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Author
! Work
! Genre
! class="unsortable" |References
|-
| 2010 || Ngathem Ningol Kongbam O. Ibeyaima Devi || ''Sorarengi Machanupi Atonbi Leimashang Amasung Atei Phunga Warising'' || Folk Tales ||
|-
| 2011 || K. Shantibala Devi || ''Tal Taret'' || Folk Tales & Plays ||
|-
| 2012 || Sagolsem Indrakumar Singh || ''Thada Thabaton'' || Science Fiction ||
|-
| 2013 || Raghu Leishangthem || ''Patpangi Thoibi'' || Stories || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/October-December_2013_Newsletter.pdf |title=Fourth Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar for 2013 were presented to twenty four writers in Indian languages recognised by the Akademi in a grand function held on 15 November 2013 at Goa State Museum Auditorium, Panaji, Goa |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || Rajkumar Bhubonsana || ''Sana Kokchao Amasung Bhut Ningthou'' || Stories || <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar November 2014, Awards Presentation Ceremony |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714091455/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Thokchom Thouyangba Meitei || ''Eshusha Pupu Waree Leerage'' || Stories || <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/sep-dec_2015_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=|archive-date=|pages=4–5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announced Bal Sahitya Puraskar for the year 2015 |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/sahitya-akademi-announced-bal-sahitya-puraskar-for-the-year-2015-1435216949-1 |website=www.jagranjosh.com |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || style="background:#f5a9a9; text-align:center;" colspan=3| '''''No Award''''' ||
|-
| 2017 || Wareppam Jugindra Singh || ''Angangi Wari Macha Niphu'' || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2018 || Khangembam Shamungou || ''Mahousha Lairembigee Mashaigonda Thirushi Lao Yenglushi Lao'' || Poetry || <ref name="the quint"/>
|-
| 2019 || R. K. Sanahanbi Chanu || ''Thawaishinggi Thawai'' || Play ||
|-
| 2020 || Naorem Bidyasagar || ''Uchan Meira'' || Poetry || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/11/16/IMPHAL-Nov-15-The-Sahitya-Akademi-has-on-Sunday-conferred-Bal-Sahitya-Puraskar-2020-to-Dr-Naore.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2020 |url=https://indiaculture.gov.in/sites/default/files/events/3.1_Bal_Sahitya_Puraskar_(English).pdf |website=Ministry of Culture, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal Sahitya Puraskar, Yuva Puraskar 2020 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-yuva-puraskar-2020-961327.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=migrator |date=2021-03-12 |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal Sahitya Puraskar, Yuva Puraskar 2020 |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/national-2/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-yuva-puraskar-2020/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || Ningombam Jadumani Singh || ''Apunbana Pangalni'' || Collection of Plays || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Announces Winners of Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2021 |url=https://thewire.in/books/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=thewire.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of Bal Sahitya Puraskar, Yuva Puraskar 2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-yuva-puraskar-2021-1894439-2021-12-31 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=India Today |date=31 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-31 |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2021 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021-megha-majumdar-7699167/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-30 |title=Sahitya Akademi Awards, Yuva Puraskar and Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2021 announced |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/sahitya-akademi-awards-yuva-puraskar-and-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021-announced/articleshow/88596074.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || Naorem Lokeshwore Singh || ''Tomthin Amsung Khuji'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite news |title=मराठी भाषेसाठी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार |url=https://www.adda247.com/mr/jobs/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2022/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.adda247.com |date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| Dilip Nongmaithem
| ''Ibemma Amasung Ngabemma''
| Children's stories
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-05 |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar in Manipuri language for Dilip Nongmaithem |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/bal-sahitya-puraskar-in-manipuri-language-for-dilip-nongmaithem/article67384920.ece |access-date=2023-11-20 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Saurabh |date=2023-10-06 |title=Dilip Nongmaithem Receives Bal Sahitya Puraskar In Manipuri Language |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/dilip-nongmaithem-receives-bal-sahitya-puraskar-in-manipuri-language/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=adda247 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces award winners |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/9/29/IMPHAL-Sep-29The-Sahitya-Akademi-has-announced-the-list-of-winners-of-this-year-s-Bal-Sahitya-Purashkar-and.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pothashang |date=2023-09-29 |title=Dilip Nongmaithem to be awarded Bal Sahitya Purashkar {{!}} Pothashang News |url=https://pothashang.in/2023/09/dilip-nongmaithem-to-be-awarded-bal-sahitya-purashkar/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Pothashang |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || Kshetrimayum Subadani || ''Malem Atiya'' || Novel ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || Shanto M || ''Anganganginage Shamahungsida'' || Play || <ref>{{cite web |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2138824 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=28 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773 |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 Winners Announced |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2025-winners-announced-complete-list-of-24-award-recipients/ |access-date=28 October 2025 |agency=Adda 24x7 Current Affairs |date=19 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Meitei]]
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Meitei]]
* [[List of Yuva Puraskar winners for Meitei]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/bal%20sahitya%20samman_suchi.jsp Bal Sahitya Puraskar-Sahitya Akademi India - Official Website]

[[Category:Meitei literature]]
[[Category:Children's literature]]
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Literary awards by language]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian award winners]]
[[Category:Bal Sahitya Puraskar by language]]

Thandavapalli

2025-12-05T16:40:21Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Created A Data

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Thandavapalli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = telugu
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.5440|N|81.0428|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Konaseema district|Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Konaseema]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.88
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1959
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 680
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 533 446
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Thandavapalli''' is a village in [[Amalapuram Mandal]], [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Konaseema district]] in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandal wise list of villages in East Godavari district|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/eastgodavari.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=7 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121141044/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/EastGodavari.pdf|archivedate=21 January 2015|format=PDF}}</ref>

In September 2005, an ONGC exploratory well in Thandavapalli, near Amalapuram in the Krishna–Godavari basin experienced a high‑pressure blow‑out and fire on September 8. Flames reportedly rose over 150 ft and the resulting inferno burned for several days, prompting the evacuation of nearby villages. Although no casualties were officially confirmed, seven ONGC personnel were initially reported missing, with concerns raised regarding well control practices and emergency response timings. The incident prompted public and governmental scrutiny of ONGC’s safety protocols in the Cauvery delta region and intensified debate over environmental and regulatory practices in the basin.<ref>{{cite news
|title=Fire at ONGC rig in Andhra
|author=Our Bureaus (Hyderabad/New Delhi)
|work=Business Standard
|date=2005-09-09
|url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/article/companies/fire-at-ongc-rig-in-andhra-105090901016_1.html
|access-date=2025-06-12
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title=Thandavapalli gas blow‑out (2005)
|work=Newsmeter
|date=8 May 2020
|url=https://newsmeter.in/from-pasarlapudi-to-vizag-a-look-at-lethal-gas-leaks-blow-outs-that-cost-lives-in-andhra
|access-date=2025-06-12
}}</ref>

== Education ==
Thandavapalli has a government-run Mandal Parishad Upper Primary School (MPUPS), established in 1913 as primary school (upgraded to upper primary in 1993), serving students from classes 1 to 8. As a rural, co-educational government school, it offers basic facilities including drinking water, toilets, and a library, and shares school updates on its official Facebook page.<ref>{{cite web
|title=MPUPS Thandavapalli – East Godavari
|website=Schools.org.in
|publisher=Schools.org.in
|access-date=2025-06-12
|url=https://schools.org.in/east-godavari/28145401502/mpups-thandavapalli.html
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ThandavapalliUPSchool|website=Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/share/14GA783oUjU/
|access-date=2025-06-12
}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Thandavapalli is located at {{coord|16.5440|N|81.0428|E|}}.

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Thandavapalli had a population of 1959, out of which 985 were male and 974 were female. The population of children below 6 years of age was 10%. The literacy rate of the village was 81%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2814_PART_A_DCHB_EAST%20GODAVARI.pdf|title= Thandavapalle Village Census 2011}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Amalapuram Mandal]]

{{Konaseema-geo-stub}}

Shubhankar Sharma

2025-11-12T20:42:16Z

JunkoQxl0473817: added references

{{short description|Indian professional golfer (born 1996)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox golfer
| name = Shubhankar Sharma
| image = Shubhankar Sharma after winning 2017 Professional Golf Tour of India Tour Championship.png
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Sharma after winning the [[Professional Golf Tour of India]]'s 2017 McLeod Russel Tour Championship
| fullname =
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|7|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jhansi]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| nationality = {{IND}}
| residence =
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| college =
| yearpro = 2013
| tour = [[Asian Tour]] [[European Tour]]
| extour = [[Professional Golf Tour of India]]
| prowins = 8
| pgawins = 
| eurowins = 2
| champwins = 
| japwins = 
| asiawins = 2
| sunwins = 1
| auswins = 
| otherwins = 6
| majorwins = 
| masters = CUT: 2018
| usopen = CUT: 2018
| open = T8: [[2023 Open Championship|2023]]
| pga = CUT: 2018
| wghofid = 
| wghofyear = 
| award1 = [[Sir Henry Cotton Rookie of the Year|Sir Henry Cotton Rookie of the Year]]
| year1 = [[2018 European Tour|2018]]
| award2 = [[Asian Tour#Order of Merit winners|Asian Tour Order of Merit winner]]
| year2 = [[2018 Asian Tour|2018]]
| awardssection = 
}}
'''Shubhankar Sharma''' (born 21 July 1996) is an Indian [[professional golfer]]. In December 2017, he recorded his first tour win in the [[Joburg Open]] and followed this with a second win at the [[Maybank Championship]] in February 2018. He studied at Bal Bhawan School, Bhopal.
[[File:The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Arjuna Award, 2018 to Shri Shubhankar Sharma for Golf, in a glittering ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on September 25, 2018.JPG|thumb|The President, [[Ram Nath Kovind]], presenting the [[Arjuna Award]] to Sharma at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]], on 25 September 2018.]]

==Professional career==
Turning professional in 2013, Sharma played on the [[Asian Development Tour]] in 2014. He also finished fourth in the [[Panasonic Open India]], a [[2014 Asian Tour]] event.<ref name=atbio>{{cite web |url=http://www.asiantour.com/players/999641 |title=Shubhankar Sharma Profile |publisher=Asian Tour |access-date=10 December 2017 |archive-date=10 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210015734/http://www.asiantour.com/players/999641/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

From 2015 to 2017, Sharma played primarily on the [[Asian Tour]]. He played in the [[TAKE Solutions India Masters]] on the [[2015 Asian Development Tour]], losing in a playoff to [[S. Chikkarangappa]]. The following week he was fourth in the [[Panasonic Open India]] on the Asian Tour.<ref name=atbio/> In 2016, Sharma finished third in the [[Bashundhara Bangladesh Open]] and tied for fourth in the [[Resorts World Manila Masters]] and finished 51st in the Order of Merit.<ref name=atbio/>

Sharma started 2017 finishing fourth in the [[Bashundhara Bangladesh Open]] and in the top 10 in the [[Maybank Championship]], an event co-sanctioned with the [[European Tour]].
After these two events in February it was not until November that he showed a return to form with a top-10 finish in the [[UBS Hong Kong Open]], another event co-sanctioned with the European Tour.<ref name=atch>{{cite web |url=http://www.asiantour.com/players/999641/highlights |title=Shubhankar Sharma Career Highlights |publisher=Asian Tour |accessdate=10 December 2017 |archive-date=10 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210232339/http://www.asiantour.com/players/999641/highlights/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Two weeks later he came to more notice in the [[Joburg Open]] where a second round of 61, followed by a 65, gave him a five-stroke lead at the start of the last round.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.europeantour.com/europeantour/season=2018/tournamentid=2017098/news/newsid=338985.html |title=Sharma storms ahead in Johannesburg |publisher=European Tour |date=9 December 2017 |accessdate=10 December 2017 |archive-date=9 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209180526/http://www.europeantour.com/europeantour/season=2018/tournamentid=2017098/news/newsid=338985.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The final round was delayed by bad weather but Sharma finished with a 69 for a three-stroke win over [[Erik van Rooyen]]. The event was part of the Open Qualifying Series and the win gave him an entry to the [[2018 Open Championship]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.europeantour.com/europeantour/season=2018/tournamentid=2017098/news/newsid=339093.html |title=Sharma romps to maiden win at Joburg Open |publisher=European Tour |date=11 December 2017 |access-date=11 December 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211213548/http://www.europeantour.com/europeantour/season=2018/tournamentid=2017098/news/newsid=339093.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The win also earned him full membership of the [[European Tour]].

Sharma had a final round 62 to win the [[Maybank Championship]] in February 2018, an event co-sanctioned by the [[Asian Tour]] and the [[European Tour]], two ahead of [[Jorge Campillo (golfer)|Jorge Campillo]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espn.com/golf/story/_/id/22314533/shubhankar-sharma-claims-maybank-championship-title-final-round-62 |title=Shubhankar Sharma wins Maybank Championship with final-round 62 |work=ESPN |agency=Associated Press |date=4 February 2018 |access-date=5 February 2018 |archive-date=6 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206131452/http://www.espn.com/golf/story/_/id/22314533/shubhankar-sharma-claims-maybank-championship-title-final-round-62 |url-status=live }}</ref> The win lifted him into the world top-100 for the first time. He also took an early lead in the European Tour's [[Race to Dubai]], earning a place in the [[2018 WGC-Mexico Championship]] in March. At the [[WGC-Mexico Championship]] Sharma held the lead after the second and third rounds. However, he faltered with a final-round 74 and finished the tournament in a tie for ninth place. It was his first start in a PGA Tour event. Two days after the tournament he received an invitation to play in the [[2018 Masters Tournament|Masters Tournament]], his first major championship appearance and the fourth Indian to play in the Masters, [[Jeev Milkha Singh]], [[Arjun Atwal]] and [[Anirban Lahiri]] were the previous three to play.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.golfdigest.com/story/augusta-national-extends-masters-special-exemption-to-indias-shubhankar-sharma |title=Augusta National extends Masters special exemption to India's Shubhankar Sharma |magazine=Golf Digest |first=Joel |last=Beall |date=6 March 2018 |access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Sharma is a strict [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]] for ethical and religious reasons, who has stated that he has never consumed meat in his life.<ref name="golfdigest">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.golfdigest.com/story/shubhankar-sharma-is-the-rare-vegetarian-tour-pro |title=Shubhankar Sharma Is The Rare Vegetarian Tour Pro |magazine=Golf Digest |first=Keely |last=Levins |date=30 April 2018 |access-date=1 April 2022}}</ref> He is also allergic to [[gluten]].<ref name="golfdigest"/>

==Professional wins (8)==
===European Tour wins (2)===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Date!!Tournament!!Winning score!!Margin of victory!!Runner-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|11 Dec 2017 ([[2018 European Tour|2018 season]])
|[[Joburg Open]]1,2
|−23 (69-61-65-69=264)
|3 strokes
|{{flagicon|ZAF}} [[Erik van Rooyen]]
|-
|align=center|2
|align=right|4 Feb 2018
|[[Maybank Championship]]2
|−21 (70-69-66-62=267)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Jorge Campillo (golfer)|Jorge Campillo]]
|}
1Co-sanctioned by the [[Sunshine Tour]] 
2Co-sanctioned by the [[Asian Tour]]

===Asian Tour wins (2)===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Date!!Tournament!!Winning score!!Margin of victory!!Runner-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|11 Dec [[2017 Asian Tour|2017]]
|[[Joburg Open]]1,2
|−23 (69-61-65-69=264)
|3 strokes
|{{flagicon|ZAF}} [[Erik van Rooyen]]
|-
|align=center|2
|align=right|4 Feb [[2018 Asian Tour|2018]]
|[[Maybank Championship]]2
|−21 (70-69-66-62=267)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Jorge Campillo (golfer)|Jorge Campillo]]
|}
1Co-sanctioned by the [[Sunshine Tour]] 
2Co-sanctioned by the [[European Tour]]

===Professional Golf Tour of India wins (6)===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Date!!Tournament!!Winning score!!Margin of victory!!Runner(s)-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|12 Apr [[2014 Professional Golf Tour of India|2014]]
|Cochin Masters
|−9 (33-37-33-32=135)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rashid Khan (golfer)|Rashid Khan]], {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjay Kumar (golfer)|Sanjay Kumar]]
|-
|align=center|2
|align=right|19 Feb [[2016 Professional Golf Tour of India|2016]]
|PGTI Players Championship (Eagleton)
|−24 (65-70-64-65=264)
|6 strokes
|{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Anura Rohana]]
|-
|align=center|3
|align=right|25 Mar 2016
|Kolkata Classic
|−9 (68-72-71-68=279)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shankar Das (golfer)|Shankar Das]], {{flagicon|IND}} [[Khalin Joshi]]
|-
|align=center|4
|align=right|18 Dec 2016
|Tata Open
|−20 (64-63-70-67=264)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rashid Khan (golfer)|Rashid Khan]]
|-
|align=center|5
|align=right|15 Oct [[2017 Professional Golf Tour of India|2017]]
|TAKE Open Golf Championship
|−12 (68-70-71-67=276)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aman Raj]]
|-
|align=center|6
|align=right|24 Dec 2017
|McLeod Russel Tour Championship
|−17 (66-70-67-68=271)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rashid Khan (golfer)|Rashid Khan]]
|}

==Results in major championships==
''Results not in chronological order before 2019 and in 2020.''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;text-align:center;"
!Tournament
!2018 !! 2019!!2020!!2021!!2022!!2023!!2024
|-
|align=left|[[Masters Tournament]]
|CUT
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|-
|align=left|[[PGA Championship]]
|CUT
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|-
|align=left|[[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]]
|CUT
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|-
|align=left|[[The Open Championship]]
|T51
|T51
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|NT
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:yellow;"|T8
|T19
|}
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}}
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}}
CUT = missed the half-way cut 
"T" = tied 
NT = No tournament due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]

==Results in World Golf Championships==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Tournament !! 2018 !! 2019
|-
|align="left"|[[WGC-Championship|Championship]]
|style="background:yellow;"|T9
|T60
|-
|align="left"|[[WGC-Match Play|Match Play]]
|T59
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|-
|align="left"|[[WGC-Invitational|Invitational]]
|T69
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|-
|align="left"|[[WGC-HSBC Champions|Champions]]
|T69
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|}
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}}
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}}
QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play 
"T" = Tied

==See also==
*[[2025 European Tour Qualifying School graduates]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{EuroTour player|39187}}
*{{AsianTour player|109622}}
*{{OWGR|17081}}
*[https://www.pgtofindia.com/player/00Wo Profile on PGTI's official site]

{{Sir Henry Cotton Rookies of the Year}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Shubhankar}}
[[Category:Asian Tour golfers]]
[[Category:Indian male golfers]]
[[Category:Olympic golfers for India]]
[[Category:Golfers at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Golfers at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games competitors for India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:People from Jhansi]]
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Football Association

2025-11-06T08:30:01Z

JunkoQxl0473817: put up entry

{{Short description|State governing body of Football in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox sport governing body
|name = Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Football Association
|abbrev = DNHDDFA
|logo = Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Football Association.svg
|sport = [[Association football|Football]]
|jurisdiction = {{flagicon image|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu emblem.png}} [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
|founded = {{start date|2022}}
|aff = [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF)
|headquarters = [[Daman, India|Daman]]
|membership = 2 district associations
|president = Amit Khemani
|secretary = Walter Pereira
|url =
}}

The '''Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Football Association''' (DDFA) is the governing body of [[association football|football]] in the union territory of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]. It is affiliated with the [[All India Football Federation]], the national governing body. It sends state teams for [[Santosh Trophy]] and [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]].

==Affiliated district associations==
===Daman and Diu===
''Daman and Diu Football Association'' (DDFA) is the district governing body of football in the [[Daman and Diu]] districts.<ref name="dd">{{cite web |title=Daman and Diu Football Association |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/association/502 |website=All India Football Federation |access-date=22 February 2022 }}</ref>

===Dadra and Nagar Haveli===
''Dadra and Nagar Haveli Football Association'' (DNHFA) is the district governing body of football in the [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] district.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dadra and Nagar Haveli Football Association |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/association/534 |website=All India Football Federation |access-date=22 February 2022 }}</ref>

==State teams==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
===Men===
*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu football team]]
*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu under-20 football team]]
*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu under-15 football team]]
*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu under-13 football team]]
{{col-2}}

===Women===
*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu women's football team]]
*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu women's under-19 football team]]
*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu women's under-17 football team]]
{{col-end}}

==Affiliated district associations==
The district associations affiliated with the '''Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Football Association'''.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No. !! Association !! District(s)
|-
| 1 || Daman and Diu Football Association || [[Daman District, India|Daman]] and [[Diu district|Diu]]
|-
| 2 || Dadra and Nagar Haveli Football Association || [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
|}

==Competitions==

===Club level===

====Men's====
*Dadra & Nagar Haveli Senior Division League<ref>{{cite web|title=Dadra & Nagar Haveli Senior Division League |url=https://theawayend.co/dadra-nagar-haveli-senior-division-league/ |website=The Away End |access-date=8 December 2022 }}</ref>
*Daman and Diu Senior Division League<ref>{{cite web|title=Daman & Diu Senior Division League |url=https://theawayend.co/daman-diu-senior-division-league/ |website=The Away End |access-date=7 December 2022 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Indian state football associations]]
*[[Football in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Football in India}}
{{Indian state football associations}}

[[Category:Football in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
[[Category:Football governing bodies in India]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Sports organizations established in 2022]]

Campa Cola Compound case

2025-11-06T05:16:34Z

JunkoQxl0473817: put up data - done

{{Short description|Legal case in India}}
{{for|the Campa Cola, a soft drink brand in India|Campa Cola}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox court case
|name = BMC v. Campa Cola Residents
|court = [[Supreme Court of India]]
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagelink =
|imagealt =
|caption =
|full name = BMC v. Campa Cola Residents
|date decided = 2014
|citations =
|ECLI =
|transcripts =
|judges =
|number of judges =
|decision by =
|concurring =
|dissenting =
|concur/dissent =
|prior actions =
|appealed from =
|appealed to =
|subsequent actions =
|related actions =
|opinions =
|keywords = 
|italic title =
}}

[[File:Campa Cola Buildings.jpg|thumb|262px|Image of the compound from one of the buildings]]
'''Campa Cola Compound Case''' is based on the judicial process, and the controversy over the Campa Cola Compound, an apartment complex in the southern part of [[Worli]] in [[South Mumbai]], [[India]].<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/SC-slams-door-on-Mumbais-Campa-Cola-Compound-residents-BMC-set-to-demolish-illegal-floors/articleshow/36013095.cms|title=SC slams door on Mumbai's Campa Cola Compound residents, BMC set to demolish illegal floors | newspaper=The Times of India|date=4 June 2014 |accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=ET>{{cite news|last=Agencies|title=Campa Cola housing society: SC stays demolition till May 31, 2014|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/campa-cola-housing-society-sc-stays-demolition-till-may-31-2014/articleshow/25686172.cms|accessdate=13 November 2013|newspaper=Economic Times|date=13 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=HT>{{cite news|last=Vasudevan|first=Vaishnavi|title=SC stays razing of Mumbai's Campa Cola building till May|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/SC-stays-razing-of-Mumbai-s-Campa-Cola-building-till-May/Article1-1150567.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113064742/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mumbai/sc-stays-razing-of-mumbai-s-campa-cola-building-till-may/article1-1150567.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 November 2013|accessdate=13 November 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=13 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=ndtv>{{cite news|last=Ghosh|first=Shamik|title=Campa Cola society demolition put on hold as Supreme Court steps in at eleventh hour|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/campa-cola-society-demolition-put-on-hold-as-supreme-court-steps-in-at-eleventh-hour-445297?curl=1384326718|accessdate=13 November 2013|newspaper=NDTV|date=13 November 2013}}</ref>

==History==

The residents claim that they bought the apartments with the understanding that they would get the Occupancy Certificates ("OC") in due course. The Supreme Court has held that the residents had purchased the flats knowing that they were unauthorized.<ref name="indiatimes"/> Since 2005, the residents have been in litigation with [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] (BMC), the local government, trying to prevent the BMC from razing the building. The society rose to national attention because of a court judgment that deemed construction beyond five floors illegal, and called for razing it down.<ref name=ET/> The society is occupied by around 230 families who have been residing there for over 25 years.<ref name=HT/> It has seven buildings namely Midtown Apartments, Orchid Tower, Patel Apartments 7A & 7B, Esha Ekta Apartments, BY Apartments & Shubh Apartments.<ref name=ndtv/>
The Supreme Court on 30 May 2014 declined to stay the eviction of the residents. As per an earlier Supreme Court order, the residents of Campa Cola society will have to vacate their apartments by 31 May 2014.<ref name="ndtv2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/supreme-court-declines-to-stay-campa-cola-demolition-agrees-to-hear-plea-on-tuesday-533243|title=Supreme Court Declines to Stay Campa Cola Demolition; Agrees to Hear Plea on Tuesday - NDTV|publisher=ndtv.com|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref>

On 20 June 2014, BMC arrived at Campa Cola Compound to cut the essential services like water, electricity and gas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Campa Cola residents gear up for fight on eviction day|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/campa-cola-residents-gear-up-for-fight-on-eviction-day/1013263|accessdate=20 June 2014|language=Hindi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623132324/http://www.patrika.com/news/campa-cola-residents-gear-up-for-fight-on-eviction-day/1013263|archive-date=23 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 22 June 2014, The residents after meeting with Chief Minister Chavan agreed to allow the BMC officials to cut the essential supplies and co-operate with officials to pave way for their resettlement.<ref name="hindustantimes">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mumbai/campa-cola-vs-bmc-residents-resist-as-officials-warn-to-use-force-to-enter-compound/article1-1232258.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622100603/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mumbai/campa-cola-vs-bmc-residents-resist-as-officials-warn-to-use-force-to-enter-compound/article1-1232258.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 June 2014|title=BMC to cut-off power, water supplies today - Hindustan Times|publisher=Hindustan Times|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref>

==Support from the public and political parties==
Over the last two years, the Campa Cola Compound Litigation has received mixed support from the public, political parties, as well as certain celebrities. [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Raj Thackeray]] have extended their support to the inhabitants.<ref name=mid-day>{{cite news|last=Kalwar|first=Pooja|title='We'll hand over keys when other illegal buildings are demolished'|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/well-hand-over-keys-when-other-illegal-buildings-are-demolished/15372170|accessdate=6 July 2014|newspaper=[[Mid-Day]]|date=12 June 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
*''[[Universe Within]]'', a 2015 Canadian web documentary about citizen engagement in highrises, including the Campa Cola Compound.<ref name="Wells">{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2015/06/07/bridging-social-divides-in-a-highrise-world.html|title=Bridging social divides in a highrise world|last=Wells|first=Jennifer|date=7 June 2015|work=Toronto Star|accessdate=8 June 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/SC-slams-door-on-Mumbais-Campa-Cola-Compound-residents-BMC-set-to-demolish-illegal-floors/articleshow/36013095.cms SC slams door on Mumbai's Campa Cola Compound residents, BMC set to demolish illegal floors] by Bhavika Jain & Swati Deshpande
* [http://www.mid-day.com/articles/well-hand-over-keys-when-other-illegal-buildings-are-demolished/15372170 'We'll hand over keys when other illegal buildings are demolished'] by Pooja Kalwar
*[http://www.thehindu.com/in-school/signpost/campa-cola-complex-row-whats-the-story/article6177142.ece Campa Cola complex row: What's the story?] by R. Keerthana
* [http://www.mid-day.com/articles/campa-cola-residents-ask-for-support-through-missed-calls/15381199 Campa Cola residents ask for support through missed calls] by Pooja Kalwar
*[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/transfer-of-land-to-campa-cola-society-set-aside/article6169419.ece Transfer of land to Campa Cola society set aside] by Vinaya Deshpande
* [http://www.mid-day.com/articles/bmc-pulls-the-plug-on-utilities-of-campa-cola-flats/15400191 BMC pulls the plug on utilities of Campa Cola flats] by Pooja Kalwar
*[http://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-campa-cola-residents-start-moving-back-into-their-flats/15616164 Mumbai: Campa Cola residents start moving back into their flats] by Pooja Kalwar

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Lawsuits in India]]
[[Category:Supreme Court of India cases]]
[[Category:2014 in case law]]
[[Category:2014 in Indian law]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Corruption in Maharashtra]]

Chhilka Roti

2025-11-03T10:10:09Z

JunkoQxl0473817: rd

#REDIRECT [[Chhilka roti]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Abdul Ghani Azhari

2025-10-24T12:42:01Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Done

{{Short description|Indian Muslim scholar (1922–2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = Islam
| title =
| honorific_prefix = Mufti<ref>{{cite news |title=Anjuman Nusrat-ul-Islam condoles demise of Mufti Abdul Ghani Azhari, pays glowing tribute |url=http://www.knskashmir.com/anjuman-nusrat-ul-islam-condoles-demise-of-mufti-abdul-ghani-azhari--pays-glowing-tribute-175055 |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=Kashmir News Service |date=19 January 2023 |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119085139/http://www.knskashmir.com/anjuman-nusrat-ul-islam-condoles-demise-of-mufti-abdul-ghani-azhari--pays-glowing-tribute-175055 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| name = Abdul Ghani Azhari
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year|1922}}
| birth_place = [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]], Jammu and Kashmir, British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|01|19|1922|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Saharanpur]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence =
| movement = [[Deobandi]]
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
* [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
* [[Mazahir Uloom]]
* [[Al-Azhar University]]
}}
| founder = Dar al-‘Ulum Nizamiyya Madinatul Islam
}}

'''Abdul Ghani Azhari''' (1922 – 19 January 2023), also known as '''Abdul Ghani Shah al-Shashi''',{{Sfn|Singh|2012|p=149}} was an Indian Muslim scholar and historian who served as the head-professor of the [[University of Kashmir]]'s Arabic department. He was an alumnus of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], [[Mazahir Uloom]] and the [[Al-Azhar University]]. He authored ''Qadim Tarikh-e-Gujjar'', a book detailing the history of [[Gujjars]].

==Early life and education==
Abdul Ghani Azhari was born in 1922 to a Kashmiri [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] family of [[Muslim Gujjars]]{{Sfn|Singh|2012|p=151}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-01 |title=Professor Mufti Abdul Ghani Azhari: Scholar, Sufi, Historian, and Social Reformer of Kashmir - News OF Kashmir |url=https://newsofkashmir.com/index.php/2025/09/01/mufti-abdul-ghani-azhari/ |access-date=2025-10-23 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-25 |title=Mufti Abdul Ghani Al-Azhari (RA) – Man With A Noble Mission |url=https://kashmirreader.com/2023/01/25/mufti-abdul-ghani-al-azhari-ra-man-with-a-noble-mission/ |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=Kashmir Reader |language=en-US}}</ref> in [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]], Jammu and Kashmir.{{Sfn|Ahmad|2022|p=995}} He received his education at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], [[Mazahir Uloom]] and the [[Al-Azhar University]]. He wrote his doctoral thesis on [[Al-Muslim]] entitled, ''Al Imam Al Muslim Wa Manhajuhu Fi Al Hadith Riwayatn wa Dirayatan''.{{Sfn|Ahmad|2022|p=995}} He studied with [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], [[Ibrahim Balyawi]], [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]], [[Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi]], and [[Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad]], and his teachers at Mazahir Uloom included [[Zakariyya Kandhlawi]].{{Sfn|Ahmad|2022|p=996}} At the Azhar, he studied with scholars including [[Abdel-Halim Mahmoud]].{{Sfn|Ahmad|2022|p=996}}

== Career ==
Azhari established Dar al-‘Ulum Nizamiyya Madinatul Islam in Badshahibagh (nearby [[Saharanpur]]), to cater to the needs of the Gurjar children.{{Sfn|Singh|2012|pp=149–150}} He also established religious seminaries in Kashmir, including Maktabah Anwar al Uloom, in [[Kokernag]], and Darul Uloom Kawthariya near [[Dachigam National Park]].{{Sfn|Ahmad|2022|p=997}} In 2003, he established Darul Uloom Shah Wali Allah in Donipawa, [[Brakpora]], in Anantnag.{{Sfn|Ahmad|2022|p=996}} At the invitation of [[Shaikh Abdullah]], Azhari served as a professor of Arabic at Madinatul Uloom in [[Hazratbal]], Srinagar prior to joining the University of Kashmir.<ref>{{cite news |title=ماہرین تعلیم و سیاسی رہنماؤں نے مفتی عبدالغنی الازہری کے انتقال پر تعزیت کا اظہار کیا |trans-title=Academicians and politicians condole the demise of Mufti Abdul Ghani Azhari |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/urdu/national/state/srinagar/academics-politicians-condole-demise-of-prominent-scholar-abdul-ghani-al-azhari/na20230119194001699699787 |access-date=20 January 2023 |work=ETV Bharat |date=19 January 2023 |archive-date=20 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120060732/https://www.etvbharat.com/urdu/national/state/srinagar/academics-politicians-condole-demise-of-prominent-scholar-abdul-ghani-al-azhari/na20230119194001699699787 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Azhari was seen as a senior religious scholar in Kashmir. He served as the head-professor in the Arabic department of the [[University of Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite news |title=AAC expresses condolences with journalist Abid Bashir, Moulana Azhari |url=https://kashmirreader.com/2022/07/05/aac-expresses-condolences-with-journalist-abid-bashir-moulana-azhari/ |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=Kashmir Reader |date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119075251/https://kashmirreader.com/2022/07/05/aac-expresses-condolences-with-journalist-abid-bashir-moulana-azhari/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He showed particular interest in the [[Qadiriyya|Qadiri order]] of [[Sufism]] and published works on the [[Naqshbandiyyah]].{{Sfn|Singh|2012|p=151}} He died on 19 January 2023 in Saharanpur.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ayoob |first1=Haseena |title=Renowned scholar from Jammu Abdul Ghani Azhari passes away |url=https://thechenabtimes.com/2023/01/19/renowned-scholar-from-jammu-abdul-ghani-azhari-passes-away/ |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=[[The Chenab Times]] |date=19 January 2022 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121124534/https://thechenabtimes.com/2023/01/19/renowned-scholar-from-jammu-abdul-ghani-azhari-passes-away/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Salahuddin Tak, the current head-professor of the Arabic department at the University, described Azhari as "an eminent teacher, a great academician and an epitome of knowledge with high proficiency in religious science".<ref name="gk">{{cite news |date=19 January 2022 |title=Academics, politicians condole demise of prominent scholar Abdul Ghani Al-Azhari |work=[[Greater Kashmir]] |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/academics-politicians-condole-demise-of-prominent-scholar-abdul-ghani-al-azhari |url-status=live |access-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119131259/https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/academics-politicians-condole-demise-of-prominent-scholar-abdul-ghani-al-azhari |archive-date=19 January 2023}}</ref>

==Literary works==
Azhari's works include:{{Sfn|Ahmad|2022|p=999}}<ref>{{cite news |title=معروف عالم دین مفتی عبدالغنی الازہری سہارنپور میں انتقال کرگئے |trans-title=Famous Islamic scholar Abdul Ghani Azhari passed a way in Saharanpur |url=https://kashmiruzma.net/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%8C/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |work=Kashmir Uzma |date=20 January 2023 |archive-date=20 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120030539/https://kashmiruzma.net/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%81-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%af%db%8c%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%81%d8%b1%db%8c/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Gujjar Tareekh te Saqafat'', compiled by [[Javaid Rahi]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Mian Altaf releases latest Gojri publications |url=https://scoopnews.in/det.aspx?q=15026 |access-date=20 January 2023 |work=Scoop News |archive-date=20 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120142936/https://scoopnews.in/det.aspx?q=15026 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Noor-i-Irfan''
* ''Ma La Budda Minh,'' a book that he translated from Persian into [[Urdu]]
* ''Maktubat-i-Naqshbandiyyah''
* ''Qadim Tarikh-i-Gujjar'', a detailed book on the ancient history of [[Gujjars]] in India{{Sfn|Ahmad|2022|p=999}}<ref>{{cite web |title=قديم تاريخ گجر / Qadīm tārīk̲h̲-i Gujar |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/970042875 |publisher=[[WorldCat]] |access-date=20 January 2023 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121124531/https://www.worldcat.org/title/970042875 |url-status=live }}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[List of Deobandis]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===General bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ahmad |first1=Naikzada Mehmood |title=The Untold legacy of Professor Mufti Abdul Ghani Al Azhari |journal=Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research |date=November 2022 |volume=9 |issue=11 |pages=995–1000|issn=2349-5162}}
*{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=David Emmanuel |title=Islamization in Modern South Asia: Deobandi Reform and the Gujjar Response |date=2012 |publisher=[[De Gruyter]] |pages=149–152}}
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news |title=سولہویں صدی کے زوال نے ملت کا شیرازہ بکھیر دیا |trans-title= The decline of the 16th century scattered the management of the nation|url=https://kashmiruzma.net/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%DB%81%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%BA-%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C-%DA%A9%DB%92-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%86%DB%92-%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA-%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%81-%D8%A8%DA%A9%DA%BE/ |work=Kashmir Uzma |date=23 March 2019}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azhari, Abdul Ghani}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Poonch District, India]]
[[Category:Scholars from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Indian historians of Islam]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Indian men centenarians]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Mazahir Uloom alumni]]
[[Category:Al-Azhar University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Kashmir]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Muslim Gujjars]]

Makhan Singh (sprinter)

2025-10-18T06:15:04Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Added new bio first draft

{{short description|Indian sprinter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Makhan Singh
| image =
| imagesize = 
| caption =
| birth_name =
| fullname = Makhan Singh
| nickname =
| nationality =
| residence =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1937|07|01}}
| birth_place = Bathulla, [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2002|01|21|1937|07|01}}
| death_place = Chabbewal, India
| country = {{IND}}
| sport =
| event =
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Sport | [[Sprint (running)|Sprint]]}}
{{Medal|Country | {{IND}}}}
{{Medal|Comp|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1962 Asian Games|1962 Jakarta]]|[[Athletics at the 1962 Asian Games|4×400 m relay]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[1962 Asian Games|1962 Jakarta]]|[[Athletics at the 1962 Asian Games|400 m]]}}
{{Medal|Competition | [[National Games of India]]}}
{{Medal|Gold | 12 | }}
{{Medal|Silver | 3 | }}
{{Medal|Bronze| 1 | }}
| show-medals =
}}
'''Makhan Singh''' (1 July 1937 – 21 January 2002)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020122/sports.htm#10 |newspaper=The Tribune |date=21 January 2002 |accessdate=13 July 2013 |title=Makhan Singh dead |first=Amardeep |last=Bhattal}}</ref> was an Indian [[track and field]] athlete during the 1960s. He was born in Bathulla village in the [[Hoshiarpur District|Hoshiarpur district]] of [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]]. His primary claim to fame came was his victory over [[Milkha Singh]] in the 1964 [[National Games of India]] in [[Calcutta]]. He won a number of gold medals in National Games, and represented India in the [[1962 Asian Games]] and the [[1964 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/si/makhan-singh-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418120132/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/si/makhan-singh-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Makhan Singh Olympic Results |accessdate=15 August 2017}}</ref>

==Career==
His first taste of success was a bronze in the National Games held in Cuttack in 1959. He then hit the high spots with the National Games in Delhi the following year when he won a gold in the short sprint and a silver in the 300 metres. He was to continue with this success in subsequent National Games, winning a gold and a silver at Madras in 1960, four golds at Jabalpur in 1962 and two golds and one silver at Trivandrurn in 1963. His greatest triumph was the 1964 National Games in Calcutta where he beat Milkha Singh by 47.5 seconds to 47.9 seconds in the 400 metres.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12014/page/n91/mode/1up?view=theater Makhan Singh takes over], T.D. Parthasarathy, ''Sport and Pastime'' 1964 annual, p.91 </ref><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19640302&printsec=frontpage&hl=en Milkha beaten in pet event], Indian Express, March 2, 1964</ref> He picked up four gold medals in that nationals. He represented India in the [[1962 Asian Games]] in [[Jakarta]] where he won a relay gold in 4 x 400 metres and a silver in the 400 metres.

For Makhan Singh, the artillery gunner, the National Games had special significance. He took part in all the Games from 1959 to 1964 and won a total of 12 golds, three silvers and one bronze, the last one in Calcutta where he signed off being his most outing.<ref>[http://sportal.nic.in/legenddetails.asp?sno=583&moduleid=&maincatid=5&subid=0&comid=55 Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports Website] ''accessed'' 13 Nov 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630165618/http://sportal.nic.in/legenddetails.asp?sno=583&moduleid=&maincatid=5&subid=0&comid=55 |date=30 June 2006 }}</ref>

He was a Subedar in the Indian Army and retired in 1972. After retirement from the army he started a stationery shop in his village. He was diabetic and in 1990 his foot was injured by a piece of glass so doctors suggested cutting off his leg. He died in penury in 2002.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110607053655/http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=324770&catid=39 Winner takes all]</ref> He also won the [[Arjuna Award]] in 1964 for his achievements.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Makhan}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian men sprinters]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Hoshiarpur]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games athletes for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1962 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1962 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Olympic athletes for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in athletics (track and field)]]

Devario naganensis

2025-10-01T19:59:52Z

JunkoQxl0473817: put up new info

{{short description|Freshwater fish endemic to India}}
{{speciesbox
| image =
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name = IUCN>{{Cite iucn | author = Vishwanath, W. | title = ''Devario naganensis'' | article-number = e.T168577A6518437 | doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T168577A6518437.en |date = 2010 | access-date = 14 January 2018}}</ref>
| taxon = Devario naganensis
| display_parents = 3
| authority = ([[Banawari Lal Chaudhuri|Chaudhuri]], 1912)
| synonyms = *''Danio naganensis'' Chaudhuri, 1912
}}

'''''Devario naganensis''''' is a species of freshwater [[Actinopterygii|ray-finned fish]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Danionidae]]. This fis is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Chindwin River]] basin in [[Manipur]] and [[Nagaland]], [[Northeast India]]; its range could extend into Myanmar.<ref name = IUCN/> It grows to {{convert|6.3|cm|abbr=on}} [[Fish measurement|total length]].<ref name=FishBase/>

==References==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase |genus=Devario |species=naganensis |month=August |year=2022}}</ref>

}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q6421674}}

[[Category:Devario|naganensis]]
[[Category:Cyprinid fish of Asia]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1912]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Banawari Lal Chaudhuri]]

{{Danioninae-stub}}

Zee Comedy Show

2025-09-22T03:52:27Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Created A Entry

{{Short description|Indian Hindi-language comedy show}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Zeecomedyshow.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Comedy]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| director = [[Farah Khan]]
| editor =
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Mahesh Bhalla
* Gaurav Dubey
* Ankush Kumar
}}
| creative_director = Sapna Chaudhary
| presenter =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Sugandha Mishra]]
* [[Aditya Narayan]]
* [[Sanket Bhosale]]
* [[Farah Khan]]
* [[Mubeen Saudagar]]
* [[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]]
* [[Siddharth Sagar]]
* [[Punit Pathak]]
* Balraj Syal
* [[Tejasswi Prakash]]
* [[Nikki Tamboli]]
* Gaurav Dubey
* Divyansh Dwivedi
* [[Chitrashi Rawat]]
* [[Mika Singh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/first-episode-of-zee-comedy-factory-on-zee-tv-to-feature-mumbai-police/|title=First episode of 'ZEE Comedy Factory' on ZEE TV to feature Mumbai Police|date=24 July 2021}}</ref>
}}
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 30
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| executive_producer = Payal Sodhi
| producer = [[Vipul D. Shah]]
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 28 minutes
| company = Optimystix Entertainment
| channel = [[Zee TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2021|07|31|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2021|11|07|df=y}}
| image_size = 220
}}

'''''Zee Comedy Show''''' (also known as '''Zee Comedy Factory''') is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[comedy]] [[television series]] which premiered on 31 July 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/zee-comedy-show-set-to-tickle-the-funny-bone-to-launch-this-weekend/articleshow/84894078.cms|title=Zee Comedy Show set to tickle the funny bone, to launch this weekend - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 July 2021 }}</ref> The series airs on [[Zee TV]]. It is produced by Optimystix Entertainment. The presenters of this show are [[Farah Khan]], [[Aditya Narayan]], [[Sugandha Mishra]], and others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/tv/zee-comedy-show-badshah-to-appear-on-zee-tvs-show-as-special-guest-this-weekend-2852129.html|title=Zee Comedy Show: Badshah To Appear on ZEE TV's Show As Special Guest This Weekend | 📺 LatestLY|date=15 September 2021|website=LatestLY}}</ref> Farah Khan was replaced by [[Mika Singh]] temporarily because she tested positive for [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/has-farah-khan-tested-covid-positive-mika-singh-replaces-her-on-comedy-show/articleshow/85825598.cms|title=Farah Khan tests positive for COVID-19; Mika Singh replaces her on 'Comedy Show' - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 September 2021 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/zee-comedy-show/0-6-3420 Official Website]
*[https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15138336/ Zee Comedy Show] on [[IMDb]]

[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian stand-up comedy television series]]
[[Category:Indian television sketch shows]]
[[Category:Zee TV original programming]]
[[Category:Television series by Optimystix Entertainment]]

{{India-tv-prog-stub}}

Battle of Kalyani (1543)

2025-09-21T11:33:08Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Started

{{context|date=May 2025}}
{{Short description|Battle between the Vijayanagara Empire and Deccan Sultanates}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = First Battle of Kalyani
| partof = Deccani–Vijayanagar wars
| image =
| image_size =
| date = 1543
| place = [[Basavakalyan]], [[India]]
| result = [[Vijayanagar]] victory
| territory =
| combatant1 = [[Vijayanagar Empire]]
| combatant2 = {{Tree list}} [[Deccan Sultanates]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}} [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]
** {{flagicon image|Qutbshahi Flag.svg}} [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Golconda Sultanate]]
** [[Bidar Sultanate]] {{Tree list/end}}
| commander1 = [[Vijayanagar Civil War (1542-1543)|Hande Hanumappa Nayaka]] [[Rama Raya]] [[Tirumala Deva Raya]] [[Siege of Adavani|Venkatadri]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Qutbshahi Flag.svg}} [[Jamsheed Quli Qutub Shah]] {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}} [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] [[Ali Barid Shah I]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| caption =
}}

The '''First Battle of Kalyani''' was a confrontation between the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] led by the regent [[Rama Raya]] and the combined forces of the Sultanates of [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Golconda]], and [[Bidar]]. led by [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]], [[Jamsheed Quli Qutub Shah]] and [[Ali Barid Shah I]] The Vijayanagar army inflicted a defeat on the combined Sultanates forces forcing the three Sultans to flee the battlefield.<ref name="tps"/><ref name="gps"/>

==Background==
After returning to Bijapur, [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] formed an alliance with [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] of Ahmadnagar against Bidar and Vijayanagara. As part of their agreement, the Sultan of Ahmadnagar would target [[Ali Barid Shah I]] of Bidar, while Bijapur would focus on advancing into [[Vijayanagara]]'s territory without interference. Burhan Nizam Shah stormed and captured the fort of [[Kandhar]]. Meanwhile, Amir Barid Shah, unaware of the secret alliance, sought refuge with [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] he was instead captured by his former ally..<ref name="tps">{{Cite book |last=Henry Heras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282973/page/n120/mode/1up?view=theater |title=The Aravidu Dynasty Of Vijayanagara |date=1927|pages=75–77}}</ref><ref name="gps"/> Following this, Ibrahim Adil Shah marched south capturing various territories from [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. However, historical evidence casts doubt on these claims of conquests,<ref name="tps"/><ref name="gps">{{Cite book |last=Heras |first=H. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.189282/page/n126/mode/1up?view=theater |title=South India Under The Vijayanagar Empire Vol. 1 |date=1927|pages=75–77}}</ref> as there are no records of territorial losses for Vijayanagara during this period. Additionally, [[Rama Raya]] was later engaged in a conflict with [[Ahmadnagar]] suggesting that Vijayanagara’s power remained intact.<ref name="aps">{{Cite book |last=Further sources of Vijaynagar History-1 by N. Venkataramanayya |url=https://archive.org/details/vijaynagar-history-n.-venkataramanayya/page/252/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Further sources of Vijaynagar History-1 ( N. Venkataramanayya)|pages=253}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Puri |first1=B. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7fUHMEDAyEC&dq=Venkatadri+Battle+With+Asad+Khan&pg=PA95 |title=A Comprehensive History of India: Comprehensive history of medieval India |last2=Das |first2=M. N. |date=2003-12-01 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-2508-9 |language=en|page=95}}</ref><ref name="ops">{{Cite book |last=Subrahmanyam |first=T. G. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.75359/page/n95/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Famous battles in Indian history |date=1969|page=96}}</ref>

==Battle==
[[Rama Raya]] realized that the actual cause of the conflict with Bijapur was probably [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] of Ahmadnagar. [[Rama Raya]] decided to concentrate on breaking the alliance between the two Sultanates instead of striking back at Bijapur. he decided to confront [[Ahmadnagar]] directly. Resolved to create discord between the allies, Rama Raya gathered his troops and advanced against [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]].<ref name="tps"/><ref name="gps"/><ref name="ops"/>

To reach the territories of [[Ahmadnagar]] Rama Raya had to cross the regions controlled by [[Golkonda]] and [[Bidar]]. Requiring a well organized approach to overcome possible opposition. To ensure the success of his campaign, he divided his army into three sections. Rama Raya himself led the contingent to confront the Sultan of [[Golkonda]] while his brother Tirumala commanded the forces dispatched against the Sultan of [[Bidar]]. The third army under the leadership of Hande Hanumappa Nayudu of Sonnalapuram, was sent directly against [[Ahmadnagar]].<ref name="tps"/><ref name="gps"/>

The events of this campaign are mentioned in Hindu poems which recount the capture of the city of Kaliyani, a battle between the Vijayanagar and Allied Sultans Army and the subsequent sack of [[Ahmadnagar]]. While the Vasucharitramu omits details about Kaliyani’s fall, the Annals of Hande Anantapuram provide a clear account of the battle. The Vijayanagar army, having reunited its three armies, faced the combined forces of the Sultans of [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Golkonda]], and [[Bidar]]. In the ensuing battle the allied Sultan armies suffered a defeat. The three Sultans, witnessing the collapse of their forces, fled the battlefield. The victorious Vijayanagar army pursued them during which Hande Hanumappa Nayaka captured [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]].<ref name="tps"/><ref name="gps"/><ref name="ops"/>

==Aftermath==
Following his capture by Hande Hanumappa Nayaka during the war, [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] found himself in the hands of [[Rama Raya]]. The Regent of Vijayanagara seizing the opportunity Forced Burhan Nizam Shah to abandon his alliance with [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] of Bijapur. This was Rama Raya's primary objective aimed at weakening the alliance between the [[Bijapur]] and [[Ahmednagar]] Sultanates. Once Burhan Nizam Shah agreed to the terms and severed ties with [[Bijapur]] Rama Raya released him immediately.<ref name="tps"/><ref name="gps"/>

==See also==
* [[Ali Barid Shah I]]
* [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]]
* [[Jamsheed Quli Qutub Shah]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Vijayanagara Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms]]
[[Category:Battles involving Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1543]]

Janmabhoomi Express

2025-09-09T07:28:14Z

JunkoQxl0473817: rework formatting for clarity based on references

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Janmabhoomi Express
| image=
| type = [[Express trains in India|Superfast Express]]
| locale = [[Andhra Pradesh]] & [[Telangana]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2007|07|01}}
| last =
| operator = [[South Coast Railway zone|South Coast Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Lingampalli}} (LPI)
| stops = 19
| end = {{stnlnk|Visakhapatnam}} (VSKP)
| distance = {{convert|710|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 12 hours 30 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = 2nd Seating, AC 3 tier economy,AC Chair Car, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes ( 3E )
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment = none
| baggage =
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12805 / 12806
| speed = {{convert|55|km/h|abbr=on}} average with halts
| map =[[File:Janmabhoomi Express Route map.jpg|300px|Janmabhoomi Express Route map]]
| map_state =
}}

The 12805 / 12806 '''Janmabhoomi Express''' is an [[Inter-city rail|InterCity]] service of [[Indian Railways]] that travels from [[Secunderabad railway station|Lingampalli]] to [[Visakhapatnam Junction|Visakhapatnam]]. It was first introduced between Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada Jn. It was later extended up to Tenali Jn and then the [[Nagarjuna Express]] (Secunderabad–{{stnlnk|Tenali Junction}}–Secunderabad) was cancelled and thus made the Visakhapatnam–Secunderabad Janmabhoomi Express via Tenali Junction, and now it is extended from Secunderabad Junction to [[Lingampally railway station|Lingampalli]]. It is an express service that travels in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]]. The train travels at an average speed of 55 km/h and uses a WAP-7 from Lingampalli to Tenali Jn . An extra locomotive is attached at Guntur jn at the back to reduce loco reversal time at tenali jn. It is classified as an [[SUPERFAST trains in India|Express]] in the [[Indian Railways#Types of passenger trains|Indian Railways classification list]].

Janmabhoomi has 24 coaches, of which 8 are unreserved, 2 are luggage cum baggage coaches, 11 Non AC chair car [[Indian Railways#Classes of service|second class coaches and 3 AC chair car]]. Daily one train will start at Visakhapatnam and one train will start from Lingampalli station. At Lingampalli will start by 6:15 a.m. and it will reach Visakhapatnam by 19:40 p.m. and train from Visakhapatnam will start by 6:15 a.m. and it will reach Lingampalli by 19:40 p.m.

==Coaches==
Janmabhoomi Express has 22 coaches, of which 6 are Unreserved General Coaches, 11 [[Indian Railways#Classes of service|second class (2nd Seating)]] coaches, 1 [[Indian Railways#Classes of service|AC Chair Car]] coach, 2 [[Indian Railways#Classes of service|AC 3-Tier Economy]] coaches along with 1 EoG and 1 SLR coach. It was upgraded to LHB coaches on 23 February 2023.

==Traction==
Earlier it was hauled by [[WDP-4D]] of [[Diesel Loco Shed, Gooty|Gooty Shed]] from Secunderabad Junction to Tenali Junction because the Secunderabad Junction–{{stnlnk|Guntur Junction}} route was not electrified and [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]] of [[Electric Loco Shed, Erode|Erode Shed]] from Tenali Junction to Visakhapatnam.

Currently the route is electrified and it is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Lallaguda|Lallaguda Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] or [[Electric Loco Shed, Vijayawada|Vijayawada Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive on its entire journey.

To avoid time consumption at Tenali Junction for loco reversal, this train will be attached with [[Electric Loco Shed, Vijayawada|Vijayawada Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-4]] or [[WAP-7]] at rear side and runs as push-pull mode between [[Guntur Junction]] and [[Vijayawada Junction]] and Vice versa.

== Statistics ==
This is a day intercity express. It has only second seating and chair car which can be reserved. A 3rd AC economy coach was added in July 2023. there is no pantry car for this train. This train stops at [[Charlapalli]], [[Ramannapeta|Ramannapet]], {{stnlnk|Nalgonda}}, {{stnlnk|Miryalaguda}}, [[Nadikudi railway station|Nadikude Jn]], [[Piduguralla]], [[Sattenapalle railway station|Sattenapalli]], [[Guntur Junction railway station|Guntur Jn]], {{stnlnk|Tenali Junction}}, [[Vijayawada Junction railway station|Vijayawada Jn]], {{stnlnk|Nuzvid}}, {{stnlnk|Eluru}}, {{stnlnk|Tadepalligudem}}, {{stnlnk|Rajahmundry}}, [[Samalkot Junction railway station|Samalkota Jn]], {{stnlnk|Annavaram}}, [[Tuni railway station, Andhra Pradesh|Tuni]], [[Yelamanchili]], [[Anakapalle railway station|Anakapalli]], {{stnlnk|Duvvada}}.

== Other lines ==
Janmabhoomi Express is a popular train to take but can be very busy. Alternatives include the [[Hyderabad–Visakhapatnam Godavari Express]], [[Visakhapatnam–Hazur Sahib Nanded Superfast Express]] and the [[Konark Express]] (which stops at Visakhapatnam, but usually follows the normal route of Konark which is [[Mumbai]] to [[Bhubaneswar]]). The [[Secunderabad–Visakhapatnam Duronto Express]] is also an option as is the [[Visakhapatnam–Secunderabad Garib Rath Express]]. Duronto is faster but does not have full accommodations; Garib Rath is slower but has full accommodations.

==See also==
{{Portal|Trains}}
* [[South Central Railway Zone]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web| url=http://indiarailinfo.com/train/janmabhoomi-express-12805-vskp-to-sc/855/401/835| website=India Rail Info| title=12805/Janmabhoomi Express}}

{{Railways in Southern India}}
{{Janmabhoomi Express}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Janmabhoomi Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Transport in Secunderabad]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2007]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]

Samuel (cartoonist)

2025-07-30T20:14:26Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Created New Entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
'''Thomas Samuel''' (1925–2012), a.k.a. '''T. Samuel''' or '''Samuval''', was a cartoonist from [[Kerala]] who published under the name 'Samuel'. He is considered to be the father of box or pocket cartoons in India.<ref>[http://www.cartoonsamachar.com/t-samuval-father-of-pocket-cartoons-in-india/ Father of Pocket Cartoons in India, Cartoon Samachar.]</ref>

== Early life==

Samuel was born in Kollam on 25 January 1925 (1926 according to some sources). Comics researcher Ritu Gairola Khanduri writes that he was a graduate of Lahore’s Mayo School of Industrial Arts (now National College of Arts).<ref>[http://www.cambridgeblog.org/2016/01/incredible-cartoonists-sindhoor-tilak-on-the-map-of-india/ Rita Gairola Kanduri, "Incredible Cartoonists: Sindhoor Tilak on the Map of India", Cambridge Blog]</ref> He later served in the Army during World War II in the Burma Campaign. His early years and experiences of the war are described in his autobiography ''Never a Dull Moment''.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://zeenews.india.com/home/never-a-dull-moment-is-hilarious_517599.html | title='Never A Dull Moment' is hilarious! | publisher=Zee News | date=24 March 2009 | accessdate=14 February 2019 }}</ref>

== Career ==

After the War he worked in Lahore as a portrait painter.<ref>[http://organiser.org/archives/historic/dynamic/modules92bf.html?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=312&page=18 Ashish Joshi, 'An interesting collection of a cartoonist's reminiscences', The Organizer, 2009]</ref> His first stint as cartoonist was in Lahore at the [[Civil & Military Gazette]]. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he came to Delhi where he joined ''[[Shankar's Weekly]]'' contributing the silent strip cartoon ''Kalu and Meena'' and other social cartoons.<ref>[http://www.cartoonsamachar.com/t-samuval-father-of-pocket-cartoons-in-india/ Father of Pocket Cartoons in India, Cartoon Samachar.]</ref> This early strip was about two children of refugees from Lahore.<ref>Samuel, interview in Ritu Gairola Khanduri,''[https://books.google.com/books?id=lf-GBAAAQBAJ&q=samuel Caricaturing Culture in India: Cartoons and History in the Modern World]''</ref>

After four years, he left to join the Delhi edition of [[The Times of India]] as staff cartoonist, creating the country's first pocket cartoon, 'This is Delhi' in 1953. It even found a post-Partition readership across the border, and the Pakistani papers ran it as 'This is Lahore'.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mwhlAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Babuji%22 The Indian media: illusion, delusion, and reality : essays in honour of Prem Bhatia]</ref> The pocket cartoon was later renamed "Babuji" after its main character and became popular under that name. The strip was appreciated primarily because it echoed the thoughts of the middle class Indian. According to Ritu Gairola Khanduri, "Although Laxman’s "You Said It" pocket cartoon series and his common man character caught the public imagination, more credit than has been accorded, is due to Samuel and "Babuji". "Babuji" inaugurated the concept of the common man — an office clerk, and his travails in India’s pocket cartoon-world. Bibiji was pictured too. Samuel spent time living in a clerk’s home to observe the humdrum he was to caricature".<ref>[http://www.cambridgeblog.org/2016/01/incredible-cartoonists-sindhoor-tilak-on-the-map-of-india/ Rita Gairola Kanduri, "Incredible Cartoonists: Sindhoor Tilak on the Map of India".]</ref>

With editor Frank Moraes, Samuel went to the [[Indian Express]] in 1957 where he continued "Babuji" and also contributed the cartoon strip "Garib" besides regular political cartoons. He worked at the Express till 1961.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KqNZAAAAMAAJ&q=Samuel+Thomas INFA Press and Advertiser's YearBook, 1978]</ref> His final stint was at The Times of India and the NavBharat Times where he remained till his retirement in 1985.<ref>[http://www.comicsreporter.com/index.php/t_samuel_1925_2012/ Obituary] in [[Comics Reporter]]</ref> He contributed a strip to the Times of India's Hindi magazine [[Dharmyug]] in the fifties, which was a precursor to later strips like [[Abid Surti]]'s 'Dabbuji'.

At the Times Samuel shared the same workspace as cartoonist [[Sudhir Tailang]].<ref>[https://twitter.com/sudhirtailang/status/264581708224028674 [[Sudhir Tailang<nowiki>]]</nowiki> on Twitter]]</ref> His works were shown at the Kollam Press Club which honoured him for his pioneering contribution.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/a-fine-line/article2714664.ece "A Fine Line", The Hindu, 15 December 2011.]</ref>

== Other work ==

Samuel also drew cartoons and sketches for public service campaigns, notably for W.H.O and commissions for Indian Airlines, the Railway Board, the Indian Standards Institution etc.

== Books ==
*Samuel, T. (1971). ''Babuji: 100 selected cartoons''. Delhi: Hind Pocket Books.<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/214081 WorldCat]</ref>
*Samuel, T. (1979?). ''Babuji's thoughts''. Delhi: MBS Publishers. Reviewed in Indian and Foreign Review, which quotes Samuel's dedication of the book to the 'endearing community of secretariat clerks whose thoughts remain close to my heart'.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=xm5DAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Babuji%27s+thoughts%22 Indian and Foreign Review]</ref>
*Samuel, T. (?) ''The Best of Garib''
*Samuel, T. (2009) ''Never a Dull Moment'' Allahabad: Genesis Publishing.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://cartoonexhibition.blogspot.in/2010/08/blog-post_20.html Samuel's cartoons at 'Online Cartoon Exhibition]
*[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/pages-from-the-past/article640072.ece The Hindu on 'Never a Dull Moment', Samuel's autobiography].

{{Cartoonists from Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samuel}}
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Indian comic strip cartoonists]]
[[Category:Indian comics artists]]
[[Category:Indian comics writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Kollam]]
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous comics artists]]

Mohammad Waliullah

2025-07-27T21:14:55Z

JunkoQxl0473817: minor cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}

'''Mohammad Waliullah''' was a senior judge of the [[Allahabad High Court]] in [[India]].

He was born in [[Gorakhpur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], to Mohammad Kasim Ali Mukhtar and Shahzadi Bibi.

==Judgeship==
Mohammad Waliullah was appointed as a judge of Allahabad High Court in July 1944. He was promoted to a senior judge and was on course to be considered as the chief justice of the court. He died in office on 14 October 1952.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/Judges/ex-judges/ex-judge1900-1990.htm|title=Retired Judges of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad (1900-1990)|website=www.allahabadhighcourt.in|access-date=2019-09-10}}</ref>

==Early life==
Mohammad Waliullah was born in village Gahripar (Birai Buzurg) near Urwa Bazar in [[Gorakhpur]] district, United Province (now [[Uttar Pradesh]]). He received his law education from England.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Waliullah, Mohammad}}
[[Category:Judges of the Allahabad High Court]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

Vaikuntha Chaturdashi

2025-07-19T01:46:51Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Created A Info

{{Short description|Hindu holy day}}
{{Infobox holiday|
| holiday_name = Vaikuntha Chaturdashi
| image = Vishnu Shiva.jpg
| caption = Painting of Shiva presenting the Sudarshana Chakra to Vishnu
| nickname =
| observedby = [[Hindu]]s
| date = Decided by the [[lunar calendar]]
| relatedto = [[Kartik Purnima|Kartika Purnima]]
| observances = Prayers and religious rituals, including [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] with lotus flowers, lighting dipas and battis (cotton wick) for [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]]
| type = Hindu
| significance =
| date2016 =
}}

'''Vaikuntha Chaturdashi''' ({{Langx|sa|वैकुंठचतुर्दशी|lit=The fourteenth day of Vaikuntha|translit=Vaikuṇṭhachaturdaśī}})<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2018-05-25 |title=Vaikunthacaturdashi, Vaikuṇṭhacaturdaśī, Vaikuntha-caturdashi: 3 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vaikunthacaturdashi |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Hindu festival|Hindu holy day]], which is observed on ''[[chaturdashi]]'', the 14th lunar day of the waxing moon fortnight ([[shukla paksha]]) of the [[Hindu month]] of [[Kartika (month)|Kartika]] (November–December). The day is sacred to the deities [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]]. They are worshipped individually or together in different temples in [[Varanasi]], [[Rishikesh]], [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], and [[Maharashtra]].

The holy day of Vaikuntha Chaturdashi is also observed in [[Maharashtra]] by the [[Marathas]] as per the custom set by [[Shivaji]] and his mother [[Jijabai]] for this occasion and by the [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmin]]s, though in a slightly different format.<ref name="Choudhury1999">{{cite book|author=Pranab Chandra Roy Choudhury|title=Best Loved Folk Tales Of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eoTiOp3pkk4C&pg=PA155|access-date=13 December 2012|date=1 August 1999|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-81-207-1660-5|pages=155–}}</ref>

==Legend==
{{Vaishnavism}}
According to ''[[Shiva Purana]]'', once, the preserver deity, [[Vishnu]] left his abode [[Vaikuntha]] and went to [[Varanasi]] to worship [[Shiva]] on this day. He pledged to worship Shiva with a thousand lotuses. While singing hymns in glorification of Shiva, Vishnu found thousandth lotus missing. Vishnu, whose eyes are often compared to lotuses, plucked one of them and offered it to Shiva. A pleased Shiva, restored Vishnu's eye and rewarded him the [[Sudarshana chakra|Sudarshana Chakra]], Vishnu's discus and sacred weapon.<ref name="Kapoor2002">{{cite book|author=Subodh Kapoor|title=The Indian Encyclopaedia: Biographical, Historical, Religious, Administrative, Ethnological, Commercial and Scientific. Kamli-Kyouk Phyu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AYN0n0pzlpcC&pg=PA3904|access-date=18 December 2012|year=2002|publisher=Cosmo|isbn=978-81-7755-270-6|page=3904}}</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/stream/hinduholidays025034mbp#page/n87/mode/2up Hindu Holidays]</ref>

According to regional folklore related to the Varanasi festivities, a [[Brahmin]] named Dhaneshwar who had spent his lifetime committing several sins, visited the bank of the [[Godavari River]] to take a bath and wash off his sins, when Vaikuntha Chaturdashi was being observed by a large number of devotees by offering earthen lighted lamps and ''batti'' (wick) to the sacred river. Dhaneshwar mingled with the crowd. When he died, his soul was taken by [[Yama]], the god of death, to [[Naraka (Hinduism)|hell]] for punishment. However, Shiva intervened and told Yama that Dhaneshwar's sins were cleansed due to the touch of the devotees on Vaikuntha Chaturdashi. Then Dhaneshwar was released from hell and got a place in the Vaikuntha.<ref name="VidyarthiJha1979" />

==Folklore in Maharashtra==
This [[folklore]] in [[Maharashtra]] state in India is a practice that was set by King [[Shivaji]], the founder of the [[Maratha Empire]] and his mother [[Jijabai]]. After King Shivaji was crowned, the capital was built at [[Raigarh]], which also had a large lotus tank called Kushavarta. The lotus flowers in the tank bloomed during the month of Kartika in a splendour of white, blue and red colours. When Jijabai and Shivaji saw the blooms, and Jijabai commented to Shivaji that Vaikuntha Chaturdashi was in the offing. Shivaji recalled the Vishnu and Shiva legend. Like Vishnu, Jijabai also wished to offer a thousand white lotus flowers to Shiva at his Jagadeeshwara temple. She was very particular that the flowers should be unblemished white lotus flowers, fresh and unplucked by any other person (as by such an act its divine quality would be lost). As the aged Jijabai would be able to pick the flowers by herself, Shivaji was unable to find a way to fulfil her wish and convened his court to discuss the problem. In the court, Vikram Dalvi - the young a personal body guard of Shivaji had a solution. Then Dalvi offered to undertake this task and assured Jijabhai and Shivaji that he would pick the lotuses without touching them. Shivaji told him that if he failed he would be subject to severe punishment. On Vaikuntha Chaturdashi, Dalvi went to the tank, early in the morning, offered his obeisance to Shivaji and Jijabai, when other courtiers and citizens had gathered to watch the event. Then he lay down flat on the ground in front of the tank and shot arrows one after the other in quick succession to cut the lotus stems. Then he got into the tank in a boat and used a pair of tongs to pick the flowers without touching them, as promised. Shivaji and Jijabai were pleased with the ingenious and incomparable performance of the archery skill of Dalvi, and as a gesture of appreciation presented him with a gold and emerald necklace, in the presence of the assembled crowd.<ref name="Choudhury1999"/>

==Worship rituals==
Devotees of Vishnu offer him a thousand lotuses while reciting the [[Vishnu sahasranama|Vishnu Sahasranama]], the thousand names of Vishnu.<ref name="Kapoor2002"/> The [[Vishnupad Mandir|Vishnupada Temple]], which is believed to have footprints of Vishnu, celebrates its main temple festival in this period. The festival is also celebrated as ''kartika snanam'' (bathing in a river or stream during the Kartika month) by Vaishnavas.<ref name="CommunicationsSingh"/> In [[Rishikesh]], this day is observed as ''Deep Daan Mahotsav'' to mark the occasion of Vishnu waking up, out of his deep sleep. As a mark of environmental awareness, the deeps or lamps are made of flour (which would disintegrate in water) instead of burnt earthen lamps. The lighted lamps are floated in the holy [[Ganges River]] in the evening. This is accompanied by several cultural festivities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukinews.com/00032-Deep-Daan-Mahotsav-organized-on-Vaikunth-Chaturdashi-in-Rishikesh.html|title=Deep Daan Mahotsav|access-date=15 December 2012|publisher=UKI News}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

On this occasion, Vishnu is given a special place of honour in the sanctum of [[Kashi Vishwanath temple]], a prominent Shiva temple in [[Varanasi]]. The temple is described as Vaikuntha on this day. Both the deities are duly worshipped as though they are worshipping each other. Vishnu offers [[tulsi]] (holy basil) leaves (traditionally used in Vishnu worship) to Shiva, and Shiva in turn offers [[Aegle marmelos|Bael]] leaves (traditionally offered to Shiva) to Vishnu, which is taboo otherwise, to each other. Devotees start the [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]s after taking baths, fasting for the whole day, and offering ''[[akshat]]'' ( turmeric mixed rice), [[sandalwood]] (''Chandan'') paste, [[sacred waters]] of the Ganges, flowers, incense and [[camphor]] to both the deities. Then they offer lighted ''deep''s (earthen lamps) and ''batti'' ([[Candle wick|cotton wick]]) as a special offering for the day.<ref name="VidyarthiJha1979"/> In Varanasi, women, particularly old women, outnumber others in offering prayers on this occasion. Over the years, the number of devotees participating in this festival has increased.<ref name="VidyarthiJha1979">{{cite book|author1=Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi|author2=Makhan Jha|author3=Baidyanath N. Saraswati|title=The Sacred Complex of Kashi: A Microcosm of Indian Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yOR1hvfH8s8C&pg=PA71|access-date=13 December 2012|year=1979|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|pages=71–72|id=GGKEY:PC0JJ5P0BPA}}</ref>

At the [[Grishneshwar]] temple of Shiva, Vishnu is offered Bael leaves and Shiva is offered Tulsi leaves. It is considered to portray the union of Vishnu and Shiva.<ref name="CommunicationsSingh">{{cite book|author1=ICEM Communications|author2=Sanjay Singh|title=Yatra2Yatra|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kWqPwWpkhg0C&pg=PA115|access-date=14 December 2012|publisher=Yatra2Yatra|pages=115, 169|id=GGKEY:LTN9ZD2D2Y0}}</ref> In the Tilbhandeshvar temple in [[Nashik]], the {{convert|2|ft}} [[linga]] - [[Aniconism|aniconic]] form of Shiva - is dressed up in finery and a silver mask, as [[Ardhanarishvara|Ardhanarinateshvara]], the half-male, half-female form of Shiva. Thousands of people worship the Tilbhandeshvar and Shiva Kampaleshvar temples in Nashik. The festival is one of the three important festivals of these temples.<ref name="CommunicationsSingh"/><ref>[http://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Nasik/022%20Places/001%20Place.htm Nashik District Gazetteers]</ref>

Another observance is by celebrating ''avail bhojan'' (means a dinner) taken under the ''[[Phyllanthus emblica]]'' tree (Indian gooseberry).<ref name="Gupte1994">{{cite book|author=B. A. Gupte|title=Hindu Holidays and Ceremonials: With Dissertations on Origin, Folklore and Symbols|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_FSWKWzNSagC&pg=PA12|access-date=19 December 2012|year=1994|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0953-2|page=12}}</ref>

It is also prominently celebrated in Vishnu temples like [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam|Srirangam]] (Tamil Nadu), Tirupati Srinivasa temple (Andhra Pradesh), Udupi Sri Krishna Mutt (Karnataka) and many more. It is a custom to light lamps in a cut summer squash, after removing its core, thus fashioning a lamp (others use earthen lamps) and using 360 wicks, that some make by themselves specially for this occasion. These wicks are customarily as long as the pod of a cereal (moong dal)

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hindu holy days]]
[[Category:November observances]]
[[Category:December observances]]

[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Vaishnavism]]

Basti

2025-07-16T11:00:54Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Post

{{wiktionary|basti}}
'''Basti''' may refer to:

{{tocright}}
== People ==
=== Surname ===
*[[Básti]], a Hungarian surname

=== Given name ===
*[[Abderraouf El Basti]] (born 1947), Tunisian politician
*[[Basti Vaman Shenoy]] (born 1934), Indian Kolkani activist
*[[Yagi Basti]] (died {{circa}} 1344), a ruler of Shiraz, Iran
*[[Basti Vaman Shenoy]], a noted Konkani Activist and Founder of World Konkani Centre in Mangalore (born 1934)
*[[Ryan Bastinac]] (born 1991), Australian rules footballer nicknamed "Basti"

*Basti, a variant of the male given name [[Sebastian (given name)|Sebastian]]

== Places ==
=== India ===
==== Uttar Pradesh ====
*[[Basti division]]
*[[Basti district]] part of Basti division
*[[Basti (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
*[[Basti, Uttar Pradesh]], a city in Basti district
*[[Basti railway station]], the main railway station of Basti district

=== Iran ===
*[[Basti, Iran]], a village in Markazi Province, Iran

=== Nepal ===
*[[Basti, Nepal]]
*[[Nirmal Basti]], a Village Development Committee in Parsa District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal

=== Pakistan ===
*[[Azam Basti]], one of the neighbourhoods of Jamshed Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
*[[Basti Babbar]], a town of Bahawalpur District in the Punjab province of eastern Pakistan
*[[Basti Dhandlah]], a town of Bahawalpur District in the Punjab province of eastern Pakistan
*[[Basti Fauja]], a town and Union Council of Dera Ghazi Khan District in the Punjab province of Pakistan
*[[Basti Malana]], a town and Union Council of Dera Ghazi Khan District in the Punjab province of Pakistan
*[[Basti Maluk]], town of Multan District, Punjab, Pakistan
*[[Basti-Abdullah]], a town located near [[Rojhan]] and [[Kashmore]]
*[[Basti Mian Ahmed Din]], a village in Tehsil Ahmed Pur Sial District, Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
*[[Basti Nari]], a town of Bahawalpur District in the Punjab province of eastern Pakistan
*[[Khuda Ki Basti (Karachi)]], one of the neighbourhoods of Gadap Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
*[[Noorani Basti]], one of the neighbourhoods of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

=== Spain ===
*[[Basti, Granada]], a Roman town

== Yoga ==
*[[Basti (Panchakarma)]], one of the kriya of Panchakarma cleansing of body according to Ayurveda
*[[Basti (Hatha Yoga)]], an important part of Shatkarma (sometimes known as Shatkriya), the yogic system of body cleansing techniques

==Other uses==
*Basti or Basadi, a term used in some places for a [[Jain temple]]
*[[Basti (novel)]], an Urdu novel written by Intizar Hussain.
* [[Khuda Ki Basti (novel)|''Khuda Ki Basti'' (novel)]], an Urdu novel written by author Shaukat Siddiqui
*[[Al Basti]], a tormenting feminine night-demon in Turkish folklore (Anatolia, Turkmenistan)
*''[[Badnam Basti]]'', a 1971 Bollywood drama film directed by Prem Kapoor
*[[Basti (film)|''Basti'' (film)]], a 2003 Indian crime film
*[[Bastian Schweinsteiger]], German footballer

{{disambiguation|geo}}

Mau, Chitrakoot

2025-05-07T23:05:16Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Added basic details basic info

{{Short description|Town in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mau
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Hindi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = NH 35 (India) (1).jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = NH 35 Passing Through Mau
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chitrakoot, Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25|27|N|81|37|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chitrakoot district|Chitrakoot]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Government of Uttar Pradesh
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = Sadik
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 108
| population_total = 15,382
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Bundeli language|Bundeli]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 210207
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#UP.E2.80.94Uttar Pradesh|UP]]-96
| website = {{URL|chitrakoot.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Mau''' is town and a [[Nagar Panchayat]] in [[Chitrakoot District]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. It is also a [[Tehsil]] Headquarter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chitrakoot.nic.in/tehsil/|title=Chitrakoot}}</ref>

==Geography==
Mau is located at {{Coord|25.27|N|81.37|E}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Mau3.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Mau, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of {{cvt|108|m}}. Mau is on the bank of the [[Yamuna River]].{{citation needed|date= August 2024}}

==Demographics==
Mau has a population of 15,382 of which 8,045 are males while 7,337 are females, according to the 2011 census.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/156026-mau-mustkil-uttar-pradesh.html|title=Mau Mustkil Village Population - Mau - Chitrakoot, Uttar Pradesh|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

==Transportation==
The [[National Highway 35 (India)|NH 35]] passes through Mau and connects it to nearby major cities. Mau is linked by private bus services to all nearest major cities.{{fact|date=May 2025}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chitrakoot district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Chitrakoot district]]

{{UttarPradesh-geo-stub}}

Neeta Pillai

2025-04-20T18:20:37Z

JunkoQxl0473817: Added some entry basic info

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Neeta Pillai
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Thodupuzha]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actor|model}}
| years_active = 2018–present
}}

'''Neeta Pillai''' is an Indian actress from [[Kerala]] who predominantly working in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film]] industry. She debuted with [[Poomaram]] in 2018, alongside [[Kalidas Jayaram]].<ref name="TOI delay">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kalidas-jayaram-takes-trolls-about-poomarams-release-in-good-stride/articleshow/62219943.cms |title=Kalidas Jayaram takes trolls about Poomaram's release in good stride - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=23 December 2017 |accessdate=4 March 2018 |archive-date=20 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520063614/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kalidas-jayaram-takes-trolls-about-poomarams-release-in-good-stride/articleshow/62219943.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/neeta-pillai-im-not-a-leader-like-irene/articleshow/63951469.cms |title=Neeta Pillai: I'm not a leader like Irene |newspaper=The Times of India |date=29 April 2018 |access-date=16 January 2024 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430154527/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/neeta-pillai-im-not-a-leader-like-irene/articleshow/63951469.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Neeta was born at [[Thodupuzha]], Kerala to Vijayan P.N. and Manjula D. Nair.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://www.deepika.com/cinema/StarChat.aspx?Actress-Neeta-Pillai-about-The-Kung-Fu-Master&ID=50015 |title='ദ കുങ്ഫു മാസ്റ്ററി'ൽ എത്തിച്ചത് എബ്രിഡ് ഷൈൻ എന്ന ബ്രാൻഡ് നെയിമിലുള്ള വിശ്വാസം - നീത പിള്ള |website=deepika.com |access-date=7 March 2020 |archive-date=15 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815203354/https://www.deepika.com/cinema/StarChat.aspx?Actress-Neeta-Pillai-about-The-Kung-Fu-Master&ID=50015 |url-status=live }}</ref> She has done Masters in [[Petroleum engineering]] from [[University of Louisiana at Lafayette]], United States. She is a trained classical musician and dancer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Athira |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/neeta-pillai-about-her-martial-arts-moves-in-the-kungu-master/article30702019.ece |title=Neeta Pillai on packing a punch in 'The Kung Fu Master' with her martial art moves |date=31 January 2020 |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 March 2020 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=26 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226095042/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/neeta-pillai-about-her-martial-arts-moves-in-the-kungu-master/article30702019.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> She has also won second runner-up title of Miss-Bollywood beauty pageant held at [[Houston]] in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/celebrity-news/poomaram-actress-neetha-pillai-gets-wide-acceptance/articleshow/63344247.cms |title=ഇതാണ് നീത പിള്ള!!! വേനലിൽ പൂത്ത 'പൂമര'ത്തിലെ ഐറിൻ |date=17 March 2018 |website=Malayalam |language=ml |access-date=7 March 2020 |archive-date=27 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127053511/https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/celebrity-news/poomaram-actress-neetha-pillai-gets-wide-acceptance/articleshow/63344247.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-neeta-pillai-trained-martial-arts-play-female-lead-kung-fu-master-116929 |title=How Neeta Pillai trained in martial arts to play female lead |website=thenewsminute.com |date=27 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127173752/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-neeta-pillai-trained-martial-arts-play-female-lead-kung-fu-master-116929 |archive-date=27 January 2020 |access-date=7 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.malayalamnewsdaily.com/node/254626/entertainment |title=ആക്ഷൻ ഹീറോയിൻ |date=29 January 2020 |website=Malayalam News |access-date=7 March 2020 |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527095144/https://www.malayalamnewsdaily.com/node/254626/entertainment |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Neeta started her acting in 2018 with [[Kalidas Jayaram]] in the film [[Poomaram]], a musical drama film written and directed by [[Abrid Shine]] and won [[21st Asianet Film Awards|Asianet Film Awards]] for ''Best New Face of the Year (Female)'' for her role.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} She was also nominated for [[8th South Indian International Movie Awards]] (SIIMA) for Best Debut Actress (Malayalam).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-siima-2019-nominations-list-out-who-among-kiara-advani-srinidhi-shetty-and-nidhhi-agerwal-will-claim-best-debut-award-2777395/best-debutante-actress-kannada-for-siima-2019-2777400 |title=Best Debutante actress Kannada for SIIMA 2019 {{!}} Latest News & Updates at DNAIndia.com |website=DNA India |language=en |access-date=7 March 2020 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415141147/https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-siima-2019-nominations-list-out-who-among-kiara-advani-srinidhi-shetty-and-nidhhi-agerwal-will-claim-best-debut-award-2777395/best-debutante-actress-kannada-for-siima-2019-2777400 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/poomaram-movie-review-abrid-shine-shines-a-light-on-college-life-in-a-reality-show-style-film-4395019.html |title=Poomaram movie review: Abrid Shine shines a light on college life in a reality-show-style film |date=18 March 2018 |website=Firstpost |language=en |access-date=7 March 2020 |archive-date=23 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623184350/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/poomaram-movie-review-abrid-shine-shines-a-light-on-college-life-in-a-reality-show-style-film-4395019.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, she played the lead role of a martial arts expert in Abrid Shine's ''[[The Kung Fu Master (film)|The Kung Fu Master]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/the-kung-fu-master-actress-neeta-pillai-debuted-through-poomaram/articleshow/73772314.cms |title='The Kung Fu Master' actress Neeta Pillai debuted through 'Poomaram' - Times of India |website=The Times of India |date=30 January 2020 |language=en |access-date=7 March 2020 |archive-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329220639/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/the-kung-fu-master-actress-neeta-pillai-debuted-through-poomaram/articleshow/73772314.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/12/23/the-kung-fu-master-movie-poster-neeta-pillai-abrid-shine.html |title=The Kung Fu Master first look: Neeta Pillai looks intense |website=OnManorama |language=en |access-date=7 March 2020}}</ref> The film was influenced by the action films of [[Bruce Lee]], [[Jackie Chan]] and [[Jet Li]] and shot at [[Himalayas|Himalayan Valley]], [[Badrinath]] and [[Line of Actual Control|India-China border]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/neeta-pillai-jiji-scaria-and-sanoop-pack-a-punch-in-the-kung-fu-master-first-poster/articleshow/72950410.cms |title=Neeta Pillai, Jiji Scaria and Sanoop pack a punch in 'The Kung Fu Master' first poster - Times of India |website=The Times of India |date=24 December 2019 |language=en |access-date=7 March 2020 |archive-date=30 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230000935/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/neeta-pillai-jiji-scaria-and-sanoop-pack-a-punch-in-the-kung-fu-master-first-poster/articleshow/72950410.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2020/01/20/chat-with-neeta-pillai-kungu-fu-master-heroine.html |title='ഇപ്പോഴും കാൽപാദത്തിലെ നീല നിറം മാറിയിട്ടില്ല'; നീത പിള്ള അഭിമുഖം |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml |access-date=7 March 2020 |archive-date=22 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122071450/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2020/01/20/chat-with-neeta-pillai-kungu-fu-master-heroine.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She has trained for a year to do action scenes in the film ''The Kung Fu Master''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=249327&u=%E2%80%9Che-should-never-again-do-this-to-anyone%E2%80%9D-actress-neeta-pillai-on-person-who-misbehaved-with-her-at-temple-(video) |title="He should never again do this to anyone"; Actress Neeta Pillai on person who misbehaved with her at temple |last=Daily |first=Keralakaumudi |website=Keralakaumudi Daily |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415141150/https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=249327&u=%E2%80%9Che-should-never-again-do-this-to-anyone%E2%80%9D-actress-neeta-pillai-on-person-who-misbehaved-with-her-at-temple-(video) |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=7 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/neeta-pillai-interview-the-kungfu-master-movie-directed-by-abrid-shine-1.4465402 |title=ബ്രൂസ് ലിയുടേയും ജാക്കി ചാന്റെയും ഫൈറ്റുകള്‍ പലപ്രാവശ്യം കണ്ടു-നീത പിള്ള |last=എ.യു |first=അമൃത |website=Mathrubhumi |date=22 January 2020 |language=en |access-date=7 March 2020 |archive-date=28 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228152424/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/neeta-pillai-interview-the-kungfu-master-movie-directed-by-abrid-shine-1.4465402 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}

===Films===
All films are in [[Malayalam]] language unless otherwise noted.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Poomaram]]'' || Irene George || Debut Film||<ref>{{cite web |title=Poomaram Review: A Half-Hearted Yet Charming Tribute To Adolescence |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/reviews/poomaram-review-a-half-hearted-yet-charming-tribute-to-adolescence/ |website=Silver Screen India |date=16 March 2018 |accessdate=27 September 2020 |archive-date=20 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620100924/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/reviews/poomaram-review-a-half-hearted-yet-charming-tribute-to-adolescence/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || ''[[The Kung Fu Master (film)|The Kung Fu Master]]'' || Rithu Ram || ||<ref name="auto"/>
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Paappan]]'' || [[Assistant Superintendent of Police#India|ASP]] Vincy Abraham [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] || || <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/paappan-movie-review-suresh-gopi-and-neeta-pillai-shine-in-joshiys-crime-thriller/article65702902.ece |title=Suresh Gopi and Neeta Pillai shine in Joshiy's crime thriller |website=The Hindu |date=30 July 2022 |access-date=16 January 2024 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419202342/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/paappan-movie-review-suresh-gopi-and-neeta-pillai-shine-in-joshiys-crime-thriller/article65702902.ece |url-status=live |last1=Nagarajan |first1=Saraswathy }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024 || ''[[Thankamani (film)|Thankamani]]'' ||Anitha Varkey / Anitha Abel || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2023 |title=ദിലീപിന്റെ 148-ാം ചിത്രത്തിലൂടെ മലയാളത്തിൽ‍ അരങ്ങേറാൻ പ്രണിത സുഭാഷ് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/pranitha-subhash-debuting-in-malayalam-movie-through-dileep-s-148th-movie-1.8256044 |access-date= |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162406/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/pranitha-subhash-debuting-in-malayalam-movie-through-dileep-s-148th-movie-1.8256044 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Varshangalkku Shesham]]'' || Radhika || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan's Varshangalkku Shesham trailer out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/feb/13/vineeth-sreenivasans-varshangalkku-shesham-trailer-out-52019.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=13 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
! Program
!Role
! Channel
!Notes
|-
|Rowspan=4|2020
|''Chill Bowl''
|Cook
|Rowspan=4|[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|
|-
|''Chankanu Chackochan''||Dancer||
|-
|''Comedy Stars Season 2''||Celebrity Judge||
|-
|''[[Star Singer]]''||Dancer||
|}

==Awards==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Film
! Result
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|2019
| [[21st Asianet Film Awards]]
| Best New Face of the Year (Female)
| rowspan="2"| ''[[Poomaram]]''
| {{Won}}
| {{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
|-
| [[8th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Malayalam|Best Debut Actress (Malayalam)]]
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-siima-2019-nominations-list-out-who-among-kiara-advani-srinidhi-shetty-and-nidhhi-agerwal-will-claim-best-debut-award-2777395 |title=SIIMA 2019 nominations for best debutante actor and actresses |website=Daily News and Analysis |date=30 July 2019 |access-date=18 April 2020 |archive-date=17 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117103839/https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-siima-2019-nominations-list-out-who-among-kiara-advani-srinidhi-shetty-and-nidhhi-agerwal-will-claim-best-debut-award-2777395 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pillai, Neeta}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Women artists from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Idukki district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Buta Singh Sidhu

2025-04-06T15:02:51Z

JunkoQxl0473817: put up a bio

{{Short description|Indian academician}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=January 2022}}
{{primary|date=April 2025}}
{{Notability|date=April 2025}}
}}
'''Buta Singh Sidhu''' is an Indian educational administrator.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Event: IKG PTU FEELS PROUD ON THE APPOINTMENT OF PROF. (DR.) BUTA SINGH AS VC MRSSTU - I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar - Punjab|url=https://pitk.ptu.ac.in/eventdetail.aspx?eventid=139|access-date=2021-12-20|website=pitk.ptu.ac.in}}</ref> He is vice-chancellor of [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University]], [[Bathinda]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University|url=https://www.mrsptu.ac.in/administration.php|access-date=2021-12-20|website=www.mrsptu.ac.in}}</ref> He was also Dean Academic at [[I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University|I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University]] from March 2010 to October 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Event: IKG PTU FEELS PROUD ON THE APPOINTMENT OF PROF. (DR.) BUTA SINGH AS VC MRSSTU - I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar - Punjab|url=https://pitk.ptu.ac.in/eventdetail.aspx?eventid=139|access-date=2021-12-20|website=pitk.ptu.ac.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sidhu, Buta Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Academic staff of I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University]]

{{India-academic-bio-stub}}

Udgir Taluka

2024-11-11T17:56:23Z

JunkoQxl0473817:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name =
|native_name =
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|settlement_type =Taluka
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|coordinates_footnotes =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 =[[States and union territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = Maharashtra
|subdivision_type2 =[[List of districts of Maharashtra|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Latur district|Latur]]
|subdivision_type3 =[[divisions of Maharashtra|Division]]
|subdivision_name3 =[[Aurangabad division|Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar division]]
|established_title =
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|seat_type =Headquarters
|seat =[[Udgir]]
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|government_type =[[Panchayat samiti]]
|governing_body =Panchayat Samiti, Udgir
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|unit_pref = Metric


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|area_total_km2 = 861.9
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|population_as_of = 2021
|population_total = 361,984
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_note =
|population_demonym =
|timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time]]
|utc_offset1 =+5:30
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}}

'''Udgir Taluka''', officially known as, '''Udayagiri Taluka''', is a [[taluka]] and administrative subdivision of [[Latur District]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Blocks of Latur, Maharashtra|publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewAdminLocations.asp?selstate=481&parenttype=D&ptype=B|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113235525/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewAdminLocations.asp?selstate=481&parenttype=D&ptype=B|archivedate=13 November 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The administrative center for the taluka is the town of [[Udgir]]. In the 2011 census there were eighty-seven [[panchayat village]]s in Udgir Taluka.<ref name="NPD-Latur-Udgir">{{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Village Panchayat Names of Udgir, Latur, Maharashtra|publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=4440&parenttype=B&ptype=V}}</ref>

==Demographics==
From 2001 to 2011 the population of Udgir Taluka rose from 263,989 to 311,457 for an increase of 17.98%.<ref name="Udgir-census-2011">{{Cite web|title=Census of India 2011, Tahsil Profil: District Latur: Tahsil Udgir|publisher=Latur District|url=http://latur.nic.in/html/Census2011/Udgir_Prof.pdf}}</ref> The female/male gender ratio worsened from 929 (females per thousand males) in 2001 to 911 (females per thousand males) in 2011.<ref name="Udgir-census-2011" /> Literacy increased from 74.21% in 2001 to 80.18% in 2011.<ref name="Udgir-census-2011" />

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web|title=Census of India 2011, Tehsil Profil: District Latur: Tehsil Udgir|publisher=Latur District|url=http://latur.nic.in/html/Census2011/Udgir_Prof.pdf}}
{{-}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Talukas in Latur|Udgir]]

{{Latur-geo-stub}}