https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=JulipfzBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-07-28T18:04:32ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pawan_Singh_Chauhan&diff=524958Pawan Singh Chauhan2026-05-08T08:32:31Z<p>Julipfz: created bio</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Pawan Singh Chauhan<br />
| image =<br />
| office = [[Uttar Pradesh legislative council|Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative council]]<br />
| term_start = 2022<br />
| term_end = <br />
| predecessor = [[Anand Bhadauriya]]<br />
| successor = <br />
| constituency = ''Sitapur Local Authorities''<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1965|02|03}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| occupation = Educationist<br />
| profession = Politician<br />
| website = <br />
| education = MBA<br />
| country = India <br />
}}<br />
'''Pawan Singh Chauhan''' (born 3 February 1965) was an Indian politician from [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council members list |url=http://upvidhanparishad.nic.in/dalwaqr%20sadasya.htm |access-date=12 August 2022 |work=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]}}</ref> He had been a member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]<ref>{{cite news |title=UP MLC Election Results 2022: BJP shatters 40-year-old record, wins 33 of 36 seats |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/up-mlc-election-results-2022-bjp-shatters-40-year-old-record-wins-33-of-36-seats/2488962/ |access-date=30 April 2023 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]] |language=en | date=12 April 2022}}</ref> from [[Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Sitapur]] since 2022. And he is the Chairman of SR Group.<ref>{{cite news |title=एमएलसी डॉ. पवन सिंह चौहान ने बच्चों को किया संबोधित, जीवन में बताई शिक्षा की उपयोगिता |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/sitapur/mahmoodabad/news/mlc-dr-pawan-singh-chauhan-addressed-the-children-told-the-usefulness-of-education-in-life-129660574.html |access-date=12 August 2022 |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref><br />
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==Early life and career==<br />
<br />
He was born on 3 February 1965 in [[Lucknow]], the capital of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He also worked as a tea seller in his childhood.<ref>{{cite news |title=UP MLC Election 2022 Result: सीतापुर में जीते पवन सिंह, जानिए चाय बेचने से एमएलसी बनने तक का सफर |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-up-mlc-election-2022-result-bjp-candidate-pawan-singh-chauhan-wins-from-sitapur-22620572.html |access-date=12 August 2022 |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=hi}}</ref> His son's name is Piyush Singh Chauhan, Vice Chairman of SR Group Lucknow.<ref>{{cite news |title=Virtue and value education must in school curriculum: Piyush Singh Chauhan, V-C, SR Group |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/2022/may/10/virtue-and-value-education-must-in-school-curriculum-piyush-singh-chauhan-v-c-sr-group-2451826.html |access-date=12 August 2022 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chauhan, Pawan Singh}}<br />
[[Category:1965 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Lucknow]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
<br />
{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uday_Maitra&diff=542311Uday Maitra2026-05-05T06:55:39Z<p>Julipfz: new basic data w/ infobox!</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian chemist}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox scientist<br />
| name = Uday Maitra<br />
| image = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place =[[Durgapur]], [[West Bengal]], India<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| fields = {{ublist | [[Supramolecular chemistry]] }}<br />
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Indian Institute of Science]] }}<br />
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[University of Calcutta]] | [[Columbia University]] | [[University of California, Berkeley]] }}<br />
| doctoral_advisor = {{ublist| [[Ronald Breslow]] | Paul A. Bartlett }}<br />
| thesis_title = I. Selective aqueous Diels-Adler reactions / II. Template directed β-face functionalization and sidechain removal of steroids<br />
| thesis_year = 1986<br />
| thesis_url = http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/83835320<br />
| doctoral_students = <br />
| known_for = Studies on molecular tools and supramolecular assemblies<br />
| awards = {{ublist | 2001&nbsp;[[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] }}<br />
}}<br />
'''Uday Maitra''' is an Indian organic chemist and a professor in the department of organic chemistry at the [[Indian Institute of Science]].<ref name="Faculty profile">{{Cite web |url=http://orgchem.iisc.ernet.in/faculty/um/ |title=Faculty profile |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Institute of Science |access-date=1 December 2016 |archive-date=15 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315000845/http://orgchem.iisc.ernet.in/faculty/um/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Department of Organic Chemistry">{{Cite web |url=http://www.fist-dst.org/html-flies/pdf/ociiscw.pdf |title=Department of Organic Chemistry |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Institute of Science}}</ref> He is known for his studies on molecular tools and [[supramolecular assembly|supramolecular assemblies]].<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=175 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2016 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> He is a recipient of the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards.<ref name="Chemical Sciences">{{cite web | url=http://www.csir.res.in/External/Heads/career/award/BPRIZE/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES.htm | title=Chemical Sciences | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=2016 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912012851/http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES.htm | archive-date=2012-09-12 }}</ref><br />
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== Biography ==<br />
Born in Durgapur, Maitra secured B.Sc. in Chemistry from Presidency College(then affiliated to [[University of Calcutta]]) and PhD in 1986 from [[Columbia University]], working under the guidance of [[Ronald Breslow]] and did his post-doctoral studies at the laboratory of Paul A. Bartlett of the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. His studies are characterized by the new methodologies he employed in developing supramolecular assemblies and molecular tools like receptors, tweezers and gelators.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf |title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners |date=2016 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research}}</ref> He has published his researches in a number of peer-reviewed articles; [[ResearchGate]], an online repository of scientific articles has listed 142 of them.<ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Uday_Maitra |title=On ResearchGate |date=2016 }}</ref> He has mentored many doctoral scholars<ref name="Singh2009">{{cite book|author=Singh|title=Conceptual Problems In Organic Chemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uNyc0JOO2uYC&pg=PP7|date=1 September 2009|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-2463-7|pages=7–}}</ref> and is involved in initiatives for the popularization of chemistry.<ref name="Chemistry is boring because of the way it is taught in schools">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/lsquoChemistry-is-boring-because-of-the-way-it-is-taught-in-schools/article15505116.ece |title=Chemistry is boring because of the way it is taught in schools |date=1 January 2011 |newspaper=The Hindu|author=Staff Reporter }}</ref> He has participated in seminars to deliver plenary/invited addresses, was a member of the Indian delegation at the Indo-German Symposium on ''Frontiers of Chemistry'' organized by the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur<ref name="Frontiers of Chemistry">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iitk.ac.in/infocell/announce/frontiers/indian_parti.htm |title=Frontiers of Chemistry |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur |access-date=1 December 2016 |archive-date=1 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501113026/http://www.iitk.ac.in/infocell/announce/frontiers/indian_parti.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and is a member of the editorial board of the Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry.<ref name="Editorial Board">{{Cite journal |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2193-5815/homepage/2157_edbd.html |title=Editorial Board |date=201 |publisher=Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry|doi=10.1002/(ISSN)2193-5815 |doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 2001, for his contributions to chemical sciences.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
He is currently the Chair of the IUPAC Committee on Chemistry Education and is an IUPAC Science Board member.{{portal|India|Chemistry}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{SSBPST recipients in Chemical Science}}<br />
{{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Karnataka}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maitra, Uday}}<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Chemical Science]]<br />
[[Category:Scientists from Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian chemists]]<br />
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science]]<br />
[[Category:Indian theoretical chemists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian computational chemists]]<br />
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:People from Durgapur]]<br />
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_pro-Khalistan_movement_organisations&diff=513169List of pro-Khalistan movement organisations2026-05-04T13:10:02Z<p>Julipfz: put up biography!</p>
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<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
The [[Khalistan movement|Khalistan Movement]] is a [[Separatist movements of India|separatist]] movement seeking to establish a homeland for [[Sikhs]] by establishing a sovereign [[Sikh state]] called '''Khalistan'''{{Efn|{{langx|pa|ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ|lit='[[-stan|Land of]] the [[Khalsa]]'}}; It is also commonly known as ''Sikhistan'' from the 1940s–1970s|group=lower-roman}} in the [[Punjab]] region{{Efn|while the movement claims the "Punjab region," the focus is almost exclusively on Indian Punjab. Most modern proponents do not claim territory from the Punjab province of Pakistan, despite it being the historical seat of the Sikh Empire.}} of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The proposed boundaries of Khalistan vary among different groups, but typically include the [[Demographics of Punjab, India|Sikh-majority]] Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and potentially [[Punjabi language|Punjabi-speaking areas]] of neighboring states of [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Haryana]] and [[Rajasthan]]. While its roots trace back to the [[Partition of India|1947 Partition of British India]],{{Efn|Before 1947, the seeds of the movement were sown during the twilight of British rule as the Lahore Resolution of 1940 made the creation of Pakistan look increasingly likely. Fearing that the Sikh community would be left as a permanent minority in either a Muslim-majority Pakistan or a Hindu-majority India, leaders like Master Tara Singh and the Shiromani Akali Dal began advocating for Azad Punjab or an independent Sikhistan. They argued that if India were to be divided on a religious basis, the Sikhs, as a third distinct community with a history of sovereign rule under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, should also have the right to a self-governed homeland to protect their unique cultural and religious Identity. However, the movement failed to establish Sikh homeland primarily due to the lack of a clear demographic majority in any single district and the tragic geographic bisection of the Sikh heartland by the Radcliffe Line. Ultimately, the Sikh leadership chose to join India after receiving assurances from Jawaharlal Nehru and the Congress Party that the community would enjoy an 'autonomous region' where they could 'feel the glow of freedom', a promise that remains a central point of contention in modern Sikh politics."}} it gained significant momentum in the 1970s with the [[Anandpur Sahib Resolution]], which initially sought greater regional autonomy. The movement escalated into a violent insurgency in the 1980s following [[Operation Blue Star]] and the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots|1984 Sikh massacre]], events that deeply affected the Sikh psyche. Today, while active militancy in India has largely subsided, the movement is sustained primarily by advocacy groups within the Sikh diaspora. Organizations like [[Sikhs for Justice]] continue to lobby for a sovereign state through non-binding [[Khalistan Referendum]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Minahan |first=James |title=Encyclopedia of the stateless nations. 4: S - Z |date=2002 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-32384-3 |edition= |location=Westport, Conn. London |pages=2151 |quote=SIKHS: All-India Sikh Students Federation (AISSE); Babbar Khalsa International (BKI); Khalistan Liberation Army; Khalsa Dal; Sikh Youth Federation; Panthic Committee; Pure Tigers; Khalistan Liberation Front (KLF); Council of Khalistan; Eternal Party (Akali Dal); All-India Shiromani Akali Dal; Panthic Committee; Khalistan Commando Force (KCF); Bhindranwale Militant Group; Sikh International Organization (SIO); Shaheed Khalsa Force (SKF); Sikh Youth Federation (SYF); Bhinderanwala Tiger Force; Saheed Khalsa Force; Khalistan Liberation Tiger Force; Khalistan National Army (KNA); Saheed Khalsa Force; Azad Khalistan}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Pro-Khalistan separatist organisations==<br />
<br />
#[[Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De)]]<br />
#[[All India Sikh Students Federation]]<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Minahan |first=James |title=Encyclopedia of the stateless nations. 4: S - Z |date=2002 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-32384-3 |edition= |location=Westpsort, Conn. London |pages=2151 |quote=SIKHS: All-India Sikh Students Federation (AISSE); Babbar Khalsa International (BKI); Khalistan Liberation Army; Khalsa Dal; Sikh Youth Federation; Panthic Committee; Pure Tigers; Khalistan Liberation Front (KLF); Council of Khalistan; Eternal Party (Akali Dal); All-India Shiromani Akali Dal; Panthic Committee; Khalistan Commando Force (KCF); Bhindranwale Militant Group; Sikh International Organization (SIO); Shaheed Khalsa Force (SKF); Sikh Youth Federation (SYF); Bhinderanwala Tiger Force; Saheed Khalsa Force; Khalistan Liberation Tiger Force; Khalistan National Army (KNA); Saheed Khalsa Force; Azad Khalistan}}</ref><br />
#[[Council of Khalistan]]<br />
#[[Dal Khalsa (organization)|Dal Khalsa]]<br />
#[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)]]<br />
#[[Sikh Federation (UK)]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-20 |title=Sikhs played key role in India’s fight for independence, says UK federation leader {{!}} Caliber.Az |url=https://caliber.az/en/post/sikhs-played-key-role-in-india-s-fight-for-independence-says-uk-federation-leader |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=caliber.az |language=en}}</ref><br />
#[[Sikhs for Justice]]<br />
#[[Waris Punjab De]]<br />
#[[World Sikh Organization]]<br />
#Akal Federation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Five Sikh groups reaffirm demand for ‘Punjab Sovereignty’ on 40th anniversary of Khalistan Declaration |url=https://www.babushahi.com/full-news.php?id=220424 |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=Babushahi.com}}</ref><br />
#Akali Dal<br />
#All India Shiromani Akali Dal<br />
#Anandpur Khalsa Fouj (AKF)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Built by Amritpal, This Punjab 'Firing Range' Trained People to Join His ‘Anandpur Khalsa Fauj’ |url=https://www.news18.com/india/built-by-amritpal-this-punjab-firing-range-trained-people-to-join-his-anandpur-khalsa-fauj-watch-7372009.html |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kaushik |first=Krishn |date=March 21, 2023 |title=India hunts Sikh preacher who has revived calls for homeland |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-hunts-sikh-preacher-who-has-revived-calls-homeland-2023-03-21/ |access-date=18 April 2025 |work=Reuters |quote=Top Punjab police officer Sukhchain Gill told Reuters that Singh had set up a militia called Anandpur Khalsa Fauj.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Goyal |first=Divya |date=March 29, 2023 |title=In Amritpal’s ‘private Fouj’, weapons training for members, belt numbers; Khalistan insignia recovered from Amritpal’s gunman, say police |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/akf-members-belt-numbers-khalistan-insignia-currency-recovered-amritpals-gunman-punjab-police-8517059/ |access-date=18 April 2025 |work=Indian Express}}</ref><br />
#Australian Sikh Council<br />
#Azad Khalistan<br />
#Bhindranwale Militant Group<br />
#California Sikh Youth Alliance<br />
#Jagtar Singh Hawara Committee<br />
#Kesri Lehar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kesri Lehar UK & Kesri Lehar Scotland Press Releases {{!}} Newsroom {{!}} Press Office |url=https://kesrileharuk.pressat.co.uk/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=kesrileharuk.pressat.co.uk}}</ref><br />
#Khalistan Affairs Center<br />
#Khalistan Armed Force<br />
#Khalistan Caucus Foundation<br />
#Khalistan Center<br />
#Khalistan Guerrilla Force<br />
#Khalistan Liberation Front<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-28 |title=Khalistan Liberation Front module busted, three arrested |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/khalistan-liberation-fron-busted-delhi-police-1694707-2020-06-27 |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
#Khalistan Liberation Organisation<br />
#Khalistan National Army<br />
#Khalistan Security Force<br />
#Khalsa Party<br />
#Lashkar-e-Khalsa<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2022-08-04 |title='Lashkar-e-Khalsa can carry out terror attacks in India', warns IB |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/uncategorized/lashkar-e-khalsa-can-carry-out-terror-attacks-in-india-warns-ib/ |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
#Malwa Kesri Commando Force<br />
#National Sikh Youth Federation (UK)<br />
#Panch Pardhani Jatha<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four Panthic bodies to observe Sarbat Khalsa Remembrance Day on Jan 26 at Sri Akal Takht Sahib |url=https://www.babushahi.com/full-news.php?id=216127 |access-date=2026-01-19 |website=Babushahi.com}}</ref><br />
#Panthic Committee<ref>{{Cite web |date=1986-05-31 |title=Pressure for declaration of Khalistan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19860531-pressure-for-declaration-of-khalistan-800905-1986-05-30 |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
#Panth Punjab<br />
#Punjab Sovereignty Alliance<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-03 |title=NIA inspects Solan blast site, police probe claims by pro-Khalistan group |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nia-inspects-solan-blast-site-police-probe-claims-by-pro-khalistan-group-101767378169040.html |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
#Pure Tigers<br />
#Royal Army of Khalistan<ref name="Babbar Khalsa International2">{{cite web |last1=Manochahal |first1=Baba Gurlachan Singh |title=ROYAL ARMY OF KHALISTAN |url=https://en.rattibha.com/thread/1471935684273315844 |access-date=16 June 2024 |website=rattibha.com |publisher=Head office: Sri Akal Takhat Sahib, Sri Amritsar |ref=Panthic committee}}</ref><br />
#Sher-e-Punjab Brigade<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-17 |title=Punjab shocker: RSS activist shot dead in Ferozepur; pro-Khalistan outfit claims responsibility |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/rss-activist-shot-dead-in-ferozepur-motive-unknown/articleshow/125371125.cms |access-date=2025-11-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
#Shiromani Akali Dal, Amritsar (USA)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sikh24 |first=Admin |date=2015-08-26 |title=Akali Dal Amritsar (USA) Extends Support to Satnam Singh Parhar in New York |url=https://www.sikh24.com/2015/08/26/akali-dal-amritsar-usa-extends-support-to-satnam-singh-parhar-in-new-york/ |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=Sikh24.com |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
#Sikh Assembly of America<br />
#Sikh Federation International<br />
#Sikh Federation of Canada<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-24 |title=‘It puts everyone on edge’: Sikh Federation of Canada spokesperson on Canada-India trade talks |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/video/2025/11/24/it-puts-everyone-on-edge-sikh-federation-of-canada-spokesperson-on-canada-india-trade-talks/ |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=CTV News |language=en}}</ref><br />
#Sikh International Organization<br />
#Sikh Youth Federation<br />
#Sikh Youth Federation Bhindranwale<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sikh24 |first=Admin |date=2018-03-30 |title=Sikh24.com |url=https://www.sikh24.com/2018/03/30/sikh-youth-federation-bhindranwale-appeals-sikh-community-to-boycott-movie-nanak-shah-fakir/ |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=Sikh24.com |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
#Sikh Youth of Punjab<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-14 |title='Sikh Youth of Punjab' Advocates Release of Sikh Political Prisoners |url=https://www.theworldsikhnews.com/sikh-youth-of-punjab-advocates-release-of-sikh-political-prisoners/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=The World Sikh News |language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
#Sikh Youth (UK)<br />
#Tat Khalsa<br />
#World Sikh Parliament<ref>{{Cite web |last=Salamat |first=Sajid |date=2024-07-22 |title=World Sikh Parliament members expose India as a serial human rights violator |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/1210424/world-sikh-parliament-members-expose-india-as-a-serial-human-rights-violator/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=Daily Times |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Pro-Khalistan paramilitary organisations==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Sr. No.<br />
! Name<br />
! Founder + year<br />
! Famous Actions<br />
|-<br />
|1.<br />
| [[Babbar Khalsa]]{{sfn|Fair|2005|p=128}}<br />
|Bhai [[Talwinder Singh Parmar]], Bhai [[Sukhdev Singh Babbar]] (1979)<br />
| See: [[List of actions by Babbar Khalsa]]<br />
|-<br />
|2.<br />
|[[Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan]]<br />
| Baba [[Gurbachan Singh Manochahal]] (1984)<br />
| Major encounter at Rataul village.<br />
|-<br />
|3.<br />
|[[Dashmesh Regiment]]<br />
| Bhai Seetal Singh Matewal, (1990)<br />
| Major encounter at Bolowali village.<br />
|-<br />
|4.<br />
|[[International Sikh Youth Federation]]{{sfn|Fair|2005|p=128}}<br />
|Singh Sahib Jasbir Singh Rode, (23 September 1984)<br />
| based in the United Kingdom<br />
|-<br />
|5.<br />
| [[Khalistan Commando Force]]{{sfn|Fair|2005|p=128}}<br />
| [[Manbir Singh Chaheru]], (1986)<br />
| Assassination of Rtd Chief General of Indian army and an architect of [[Operation Blue Star]] [[Arun Vaidya]], assassinations of leading culprits of [[1984 Anti-Sikh riots]] [[Congress(I)]] Member of Parliament Lalit Maken, Arjan Dass and several other high-profile battles with Indian security forces.<br />
|-<br />
|6.<br />
|[[Khalistan Liberation Army]]<br />
|1990s<br />
|The Khalistan Liberation Army (KLA) is reputed to have been a wing of, or possibly a breakaway group from, the KLF.<br />
|-<br />
|7.<br />
|[[Khalistan Liberation Force]]{{sfn|Fair|2005|p=128}}<br />
| Bhai Aroor Singh (1986)<br />
| Killing of SSP Gobind Ram, SSP A.S Brar, SP K.R.S Gill, [[Lieutenant colonel|Lt. Col.]] Satnam Singh, Ramkat Jatola, SP RS Tiwara, DSP Tara Chand, Major General B.N Kumar, Treasurer Balwant Singh, Lala Bhagwan Das, MLA Sat Pal Parashar, and others<br />
|-<br />
|8.<br />
|[[Khalistan Tiger Force]]<br />
|Jagtar Singh Tara (1990s)<br />
|Assassination of the former Chief Minister of Punjab [[Beant Singh (politician)|Beant Singh]] in 1995.<br />
|-<br />
|9.<br />
| [[Khalistan Zindabad Force]]{{sfn|Fair|2005|p=128}}<br />
| Bhai Ranjit Singh Neeta<br />
| Bomb blasts on trains and buses in Jammu, killing of DSP Devinder Sharma.<br />
|-<br />
|10.<br />
|[[Shaheed Khalsa Force]]<br />
|1997<br />
|SKF claimed credit for marketplace bombings in [[New Delhi]] in 1997.<br />
|}<br />
Babbar Khalsa is listed as a terrorist organisation by the United Kingdom,<ref>[http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/security/terrorism-and-the-law/terrorism-act/proscribed-groups?version=1 Home Office - Proscribed terrorist groups in the UK] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301141741/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/security/terrorism-and-the-law/terrorism-act/proscribed-groups?version=1 |date=2007-03-01 }}</ref> the EU,<ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_144/l_14420050608en00540058.pdf EU list of terrorist groups]</ref> Canada,<ref>[http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp#bkbki13 Canadian listing of terrorist groups] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119150657/http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp#hhi18 |date=2006-11-19 }}</ref> India, and the United States.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Kharku]]<br />
* [[Khalistan movement]]<br />
* [[Insurgency in Punjab, India|Insurgency in Punjab]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-roman}}<br />
{{reflist|group=nb}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
*{{citation |last1=Fair |first1=C. Christine |title=Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements |journal=Nationalism and Ethnic Politics |date=2005 |volume=11 |pages=125–156 |doi=10.1080/13537110590927845|s2cid=145552863 }}<br />
<br />
{{Khalistan movement}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sikh politics]]<br />
[[Category:Paramilitary organisations based in India]]<br />
[[Category:Khalistan movement]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Khalistan rebel groups|*]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nenjil_Or_Aalayam&diff=521650Nenjil Or Aalayam2026-05-02T07:48:09Z<p>Julipfz: created a data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1962 film by C. V. Sridhar}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Nenjil Or Aalayam<br />
| image = Nenjil Or Aalayam.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[C. V. Sridhar]]<br />
| writer = C. V. Sridhar<br />
| producer = C. V. Sridhar<br />
| starring = [[Kalyan Kumar]]<br />[[Devika]]<br />[[R. Muthuraman]]<br />
| cinematography = [[A. Vincent]]<br />
| editing = N. M. Shankar<br />
| music = [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]<br />
| studio = [[Chithralaya]]<br />
| released = {{film date|1962|1|26|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = 164 minutes{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|pp=373–374}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Nenjil Or Aalayam''''' ({{translation|A Temple in the Heart}}) is a 1962 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama]] film directed, produced and written by [[C. V. Sridhar]]. The film stars [[Kalyan Kumar]], [[Devika]] and [[R. Muthuraman]] while [[Nagesh]], [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] and [[Kutty Padmini]] play supporting roles. The original soundtrack album and background score were composed by [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]], while the lyrics for the songs were written by [[Kannadasan]].<br />
<br />
The film revolves around a young woman named Seetha, her husband Venu and Murali, who was Seetha's lover. Due to his tenure overseas, Seetha's parents force her to marry another person. A few years later, Venu contracts [[cancer]] and Seetha brings him to [[Chennai]] to meet a cancer specialist who, to her dismay, is revealed to be Murali. Realising that something is worrying Seetha, Venu gives her the freedom to marry Murali after his death. The remainder of the film shows how Murali sacrifices his love for the sake of the couple's happiness and cures Venu.<br />
<br />
''Nenjil Or Aalayam'' was released on 26 January 1962, coinciding with [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] in India. The film received positive critical feedback and went on to become a commercial success. The songs "Sonnathu Neethaana" and "Engirundhaalum Vaazhga" attained popularity among the [[Tamil diaspora]]. The film won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]] and the [[Rashtrapati Award|President's Award]] for Sridhar at the [[10th National Film Awards]].<br />
<br />
The film became a trendsetter for both fast-paced filmmaking and [[Love triangle|triangular love stories]] with sacrifice as the theme. Sridhar remade the film in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Dil Ek Mandir]]'' (1963) and in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Manase Mandiram]]'' (1966). It was also remade in [[Malayalam]] as ''[[Hridayam Oru Kshethram]]'' (1976), and in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Kumkuma Rakshe]]'' (1977). The former was directed by [[P. Subramaniam]] while the latter was by S. K. A. Chari.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Murali and Seetha are lovers. Murali goes abroad to pursue higher studies in medicine. During his tenure overseas, Seetha is forced by her parents to marry another person. Devastated upon hearing the news, Murali swears a vow of lifelong [[celibacy]] and devotes himself to save people suffering from [[cancer]]. A few years later, a man named Venu happens to be critically ill with cancer and has to be operated upon. The treatment for Venu progresses well until Murali meets Venu's wife, who is revealed to be Seetha. When Seetha learns that the doctor treating Venu is Murali, whom she had left, she becomes upset.<br />
<br />
Though Murali does his best to cure Venu, Seetha is worried that Murali might take revenge on her by not providing proper treatment to Venu, who in the meantime, learns of Murali and Seetha's love. Venu requests Murali to marry Seetha in case the operation is unsuccessful as he does not wish for his wife to become a widow. Seetha becomes infuriated when she discovers Venu's request and tells Murali that if Venu dies, she will die as well. Murali promises Seetha that he will save Venu even if he has to risk his own life on the line.<br />
<br />
Murali works hard to save Venu so as not to create a misconception that he killed Venu to be with Seetha. With great difficulty, Murali manages to cure Venu's cancer successfully. However, when Murali reads the results of the operation, he becomes so thrilled at its success that he unexpectedly dies of high blood pressure due to his over-excitement. Venu and Seetha realise that Murali had sacrificed his life for their happiness and remains in their hearts.<br />
<br />
Woven into the story is a subplot following a girl, who is in the same hospital Murali works in and undergoes treatment for the same disease that Venu contracted. However, her fate is contrary.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
<!-- AS PER THE OPENING CREDITS OF THE FILM --><br />
;Lead actors<br />
* [[Kalyan Kumar]] as Dr. Murali<br />
* [[Devika]] as Seetha<br />
* [[R. Muthuraman]] as Venu<br />
<br />
;Male supporting actors<br />
* [[Nagesh]] as Peter<br />
* [[V. S. Raghavan]] as Seetha's father<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vamanan |date=2 February 2016 |title=Uptight to comic: Big daddy of Tamil films |url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tracking-indian-communities/uptight-to-comic-big-daddy-of-tamil-films/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314170758/http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tracking-indian-communities/uptight-to-comic-big-daddy-of-tamil-films/ |archive-date=14 March 2016 |access-date=21 April 2016 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
;Female supporting actors<br />
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Navaneedham<ref name="Randor" /><br />
* [[Kutty Padmini]] as the dying child<ref name="Cinema Express Article" /><br />
* [[Santha Kumari]] (guest appearance)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=20 October 2000 |title=Unforgettable screen mother |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2000/10/20/stories/09200226.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=21 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421145235/http://www.thehindu.com/2000/10/20/stories/09200226.htm |archive-date=21 April 2016}}</ref><br />
* Sivakami as Vanaja<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
<!-- https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/200577-.html --><br />
<br />
=== Development ===<br />
In the early 1960s, [[C. V. Sridhar]] founded the production company [[Chithralaya]]. When discussing with his associates what should be the company's first film, Sridhar came up with the story of ''Nenjil Or Aalayam''; however, he later decided that the company's first film should not be a tragic one, and came up with the lighter ''[[Thennilavu]]'' (1961).<ref>{{Cite news |last=நரசிம்மன் |first=டி.ஏ. |date=27 April 2018 |title=டி.சி(ரி)த்ராலயா 15: காஷ்மீரில் கட்டிப்போட்ட சலுகை! |language=Tamil |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/127496-15.html |url-status=live |access-date=29 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920131307/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/127496-15.html |archive-date=20 September 2020}}</ref> After that film's success, ''Nenjil Or Aalayam'' was revived.<ref>{{Cite news |last=நரசிம்மன் |first=டி.ஏ. |date=11 May 2018 |title=சி(ரி)த்ராலயா 17: கட்டப்பட்டது ஒரு திரை ஆலயம்! |language=ta |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/130815-17.html |url-status=live |access-date=29 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229101535/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/130815-17.html |archive-date=29 December 2021}}</ref> Inspired by an American film starring [[Mickey Rooney]] which was entirely set in prison, Sridhar decided to do a film set in a hospital. Sridhar initially planned a different plot line for this film with [[Sivaji Ganesan]] as an old age character suffering from terminal disease, but since Sridhar was dissatisfied with this plot, he came up with a new plot.<ref name="ka">{{Cite magazine |date=5 January 1992 |title=நெஞ்சில் ஒரு ஆலயம்: மனசில் ஒரு குழப்பம் |trans-title=Temple in the heart: Confusion in the heart |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-01-05/page/n59/mode/2up |access-date=6 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=58–59 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref name="kalki">{{Cite magazine |date=12 January 1992 |title=விஜயகுமாரியின் வாய்ப்பு |trans-title=Vijayakumari's opportunity |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-01-12/page/n71/mode/2up |access-date=6 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=72–73 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Casting ===<br />
Sridhar strictly wanted newcomers/less prominent artistes to star. [[Kalyan Kumar]], though popular in [[Kannada cinema]], was a relative "stranger" to Tamil cinema, and was cast as the main character Murali.<ref name="IE 1991" /> Sridhar was impressed with [[R. Muthuraman]]'s performance in a play, and subsequently selected him for the role of Venu.{{efn|Muthuraman stated the play was ''Vadivel Vathiyar'',<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rajendran |first=Girija |date=24 February 1980 |title=Tamil Cinema at Sixty |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.101039/page/n527/mode/2up |magazine=[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]] |volume=101 |page=55 |access-date=7 December 2022}}</ref> but Sridhar claimed it was ''Policekaran Magal''.<ref name="kalki" />}} Sridhar initially wanted [[C. R. Vijayakumari]] to play Seetha and she agreed, but later approached [[Devika]].<ref name="kalki" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2016 |title=தேவிகா: 2.பாலிருக்கும் பழமிருக்கும்...! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2016/aug/27/தேவிகா2பாலிருக்கும்-பழமிருக்கும்-2558558.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013104418/https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2016/aug/27/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE2%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-2558558.html |archive-date=13 October 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref> She accepted as she liked the story.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 September 2016 |title=தேவிகா: 3. நடிப்பு தண்ணீர் பட்ட பாடு..! |language=ta |work=[[Dinamani]] |url=https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2016/sep/03/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE-3-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81-2559564.html |url-status=live |access-date=29 December 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210529055509/https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2016/sep/03/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE-3-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81-2559564.html |archive-date=29 May 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Nagesh]] stayed with actor [[K. Balaji]] during his early days as an upcoming comedian for three years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=22 June 2007 |title=Of versatility that's timeless |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article2272789.ece |access-date=11 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606005527/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article2272789.ece |archive-date=6 June 2015}}</ref> Balaji introduced Nagesh to Sridhar, who offered him a role on Balaji's recommendation.<ref name="kannadasan" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=நாகேஷ் |date=4 January 2004 |title=மோடி மஸ்தான் காமெடி பண்ணு |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2004-01-04/page/n33/mode/2up |access-date=9 January 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=33–35 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Nagesh revealed that he was initially to play the role of a country bumpkin, but was chosen by Sridhar to play Peter, the hospital attendant.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=19 May 2006 |title=In a realm of ecstasy and emotion |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article3218220.ece |access-date=11 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606005533/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article3218220.ece |archive-date=6 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="Jeyaraj" /> He was paid an advance of {{INRConvert|501|year=1962}}.<ref name="Jeyaraj" /> S. Rama Rao was originally supposed to play that role, but lost it due to arriving late on the first day of shoot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raman |first=Mohan V. |author-link=Mohan Raman |date=March 2009 |title=He made you weep while you laughed |url=http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2018%20No%2022/he-made-you-weep-while-you-laughed.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101082553/http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2018%20No%2022/he-made-you-weep-while-you-laughed.html |archive-date=1 November 2016 |access-date=1 November 2016 |website=[[Madras Musings]]}}</ref> The screenplay and dialogues for Nagesh's portions were written by [[Chitralaya Gopu]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=20 February 2009 |title=Saga of success |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article657432.ece |access-date=10 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606005753/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article657432.ece |archive-date=6 June 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Filming ===<br />
[[File:Sonnathu Neethana song screenshot.png|thumb|200px|right|The song "Sonnathu Neethaana" was picturised on Seetha (Devika) playing the [[sitar]], but the close-up shot of the fingers playing the sitar were actually those of [[Ahmed and Mohammed Hussain|Ahmed Hussain]].]]<br />
[[Principal photography]] took place entirely on a hospital set at [[Chennai]]'s [[Vijaya Vauhini Studios]].{{sfn|Balabharathi|2012|pp=246–247}}<ref name="kannadasan">{{Cite magazine |date=19 January 1992 |title=கண்ணதாசன் கேட்ட கேள்வி |trans-title=Question posed by Kannadasan |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-01-19/page/n59/mode/2up |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |pages=60, 61 |access-date=6 December 2022}}</ref> Ganga was the art director, N. M. Shankar was the editor, and [[A. Vincent]] was the cinematographer.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Nenjil Or Aalayam |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Chitralaya]] |year=1962 |trans-title=A Temple in the Heart |time=4:45 to 7:30 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}</ref> For the first scene, Nagesh was told to jump from the steps when Sridhar warned him not to do but Nagesh assured he will pull it off. After jumping, he was surprised to see Sridhar missing from the sets and this scene was instead directed by his assistant [[P. Madhavan]]. Gopu then said he did this to make sure Nagesh should not feel scared to perform in front of Sridhar.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=நாகேஷ் |date=18 January 2004 |title=குசும்பு புத்தி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2004-01-18/page/n33/mode/2up |access-date=6 January 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=33–35 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The song "Sonnathu Neethaana" is picturised on Devika's character Seetha playing the [[sitar]], but the close-up shot of the fingers playing the sitar were actually those of [[Ahmed and Mohammed Hussain|Ahmed Hussain]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anwar |first=Kombai S. |date=4 January 2018 |title=A Hindustani tradition, right in the heart of Madras |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/thriving-hindustani-tradition-in-the-heart-of-madras/article22366739.ece |access-date=5 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105124209/http://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/thriving-hindustani-tradition-in-the-heart-of-madras/article22366739.ece |archive-date=5 January 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
''Nenjil Or Aalayam'' was the first Tamil film to be shot entirely on a single set.<ref name="breath" /> Filming was completed in less than 30 days, although accounts vary on how many days were exactly taken to complete the shoot. While film historian [[Randor Guy]] and K. S. Sivakumaran of ''[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)|Daily News Sri Lanka]]'' state that the film was completed in four weeks,<ref name="Trend" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sivakumaran |first=K. S. |date=4 July 2012 |title=Tamil film with a difference in the 1960s |work=[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)|Daily News Sri Lanka]] |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2001/pix/PrintPage.asp?REF=/2012/07/04/fea25.asp |url-status=dead |access-date=3 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003125024/http://archives.dailynews.lk/2001/pix/PrintPage.asp?REF=%2F2012%2F07%2F04%2Ffea25.asp |archive-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> Ramya Kannan of ''[[The Hindu]]'', and [[Tamil Canadians|Tamil Canadian]] journalist D. B. S. Jeyaraj state the completion time to be 22 and 28&nbsp;days respectively.<ref name="Jeyaraj" /><ref name="President" /> According to ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema'' by [[Ashish Rajadhyaksha]] and [[Paul Willemen]], the film was shot in 15 days,{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=374}} while Bhama Devi Ravi of ''[[The Times of India]]'' states it was shot in two weeks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravi |first=Bhama Devi |date=21 October 2008 |title=Man who 'moved' Kollywood is no more |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=TOICH/2008/10/21/5/Ar00503.xml&CollName=TOI_CHENNAI_ARCHIVE_2008&DOCID=81356&Keyword=%28%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3Enenjil%3Cand%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3Eaalayam%29&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=GIF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240527201053/https://www.webcitation.org/6h3itliJX?url=http://i1303.photobucket.com/albums/ag149/kailash29792/TOI_zpsbela1tsg.jpg |archive-date=27 May 2024 |access-date=26 April 2016 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Malathi Rangarajan of ''The Hindu'' said the film was completed in 25 days.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=21 July 2016 |title=The director's fine cut |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/the-directors-fine-cut/article8880853.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817152635/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/the-directors-fine-cut/article8880853.ece |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The final length of the film's prints were {{Convert|14810|m|ft}} long.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 1962 |title=NENJIL OOR ALAYAM (Celluloid) |url=https://archive.org/details/NenjilOrAalayamCBFC |access-date=21 June 2016 |publisher=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
The original soundtrack album and background score for ''Nenjil Or Aalayam'' were composed by [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] (a duo consisting of [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and [[T. K. Ramamoorthy]]), while the lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]].<ref name="Cinema Express Article" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nenjil Or Aalayam Tracklist |url=http://www.saregama.com/album/nenjil-or-aalayam_89535 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606024351/http://www.saregama.com/album/nenjil-or-aalayam_89535 |archive-date=6 June 2015 |access-date=6 June 2015 |website=[[Saregama]]}}</ref> All the seven songs were composed and completed within one day.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]|language=Ta|url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1989-04-16/page/n21/mode/2up|title=திரையும் இசையும்|pages=20–22|date=16 April 1989|access-date=2 February 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
The inspiration for the opening line of the song "Engirundhalum Vaazhga" came to Kannadasan when he happened to hear the speech of [[C. N. Annadurai]], the then [[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], on actor [[Sivaji Ganesan]] at a film function. When Annadurai heard of Ganesan joining the [[Indian National Congress]], he wished the latter success by saying, "Sivaji&nbsp;... nee engirundhalum vaazhga&nbsp;..." (Sivaji, wherever you are, live long).<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 April 2011 |title=ஹீரோவானார் டிஎம்எஸ்! |work=[[Dinakaran]] |url=http://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=4904&id1=16 |url-status=live |access-date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502071410/http://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=4904&id1=16 |archive-date=2 May 2018}}</ref> The song "Muthana Muthallavo" was written by Kannadasan in 10 minutes at a railway station,<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 April 2018 |title=A daughter takes a trip down Kannadasan lane |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/a-daughter-takes-a-trip-down-kannadasan-lane/articleshow/63887576.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180502065959/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/a-daughter-takes-a-trip-down-kannadasan-lane/articleshow/63887576.cms |archive-date=2 May 2018}}</ref> and recorded in 20&nbsp;minutes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2015 |title=தமிழ்த்தாய் வாழ்த்திற்கு இசையமைத்தவர் |language=ta |trans-title=He, who composed music for Tamilthai Vazhuthu |work=Dinamalar |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/34546/cinema/Kollywood/MSV-composed-Music-for-Tamilthai-Vazhuthu.htm |access-date=26 July 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726143758/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/34546/cinema/Kollywood/MSV-composed-Music-for-Tamilthai-Vazhuthu.htm |archive-date=26 July 2017}}</ref> "Sonnathu Neethaana" is based on the [[Jaunpuri (raga)|Jaunpuri raga]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=11 May 2012 |title=A Raga's Journey&nbsp;– Jaunty Jonpuri |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-jaunty-jonpuri/article3408214.ece |access-date=29 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929093157/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-jaunty-jonpuri/article3408214.ece |archive-date=29 September 2015}}</ref> Once when Kannadasan was late to the studio for song recording, an upset Viswanathan rebuked him and said he would not ask Kannadasan for lyrics any more. When Kannadasan learned of this, he met Viswanathan and presented him with lyrics beginning with "Sonnathu Neethaana? Sol... Sol..." ({{translation|Did {{em|you}} say that? Say... Say...}}), which impressed Viswanathan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 October 2016 |title=தலைமுறைக்கு எழுதி வைத்த சீட்டு! கவிஞர் கண்ணதாசன் நினைவு நாள் |language=ta |work=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |url=http://www.vikatan.com/cinema/tamil-cinema/news/69781-poet-kannadasan-special-article.html |access-date=26 July 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170726133042/http://www.vikatan.com/cinema/tamil-cinema/news/69781-poet-kannadasan-special-article.html |archive-date=26 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=பாலமுருகன் |first=ஜி. |date=15 July 2015 |title='சொன்னது நீதானா.. என் விசுவே' |language=ta |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/50715-.html |url-status=live |access-date=29 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229101526/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/50715-.html |archive-date=29 December 2021}}</ref> Lakshmi Palecanda, writing for the magazine ''Khabar'', considered that the song reflects "accusation, sorrow, and disillusionment."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Palecanda |first=Lakshmi |date=June 2017 |title=Golden Songbirds of Indian Cinema |work=Khabar |location=Atlanta |url=http://www.khabar.com/magazine/cover-story/golden-songbirds-of-indian-cinema |url-status=live |access-date=3 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503050609/http://www.khabar.com/magazine/cover-story/golden-songbirds-of-indian-cinema |archive-date=3 May 2018}}</ref> Portions of the song "Ninaipadhellam" are based on the ''[[Keeravani]]'' raga.{{Sfn|Sundaresan|1988|p=50}}{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=149}}<br />
<br />
The album received positive reviews from critics and contributed to the film's success.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=April 2011 |title=THE AVM STORY&nbsp;– 62 |work=Mambalam Times |url=http://mambalamtimes.in/admin/pdf/1302935093.16-04-11.pdf |access-date=1 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701111019/http://mambalamtimes.in/admin/pdf/1302935093.16-04-11.pdf |archive-date=1 July 2016}}</ref> Film critic [[Baradwaj Rangan]], writing for ''[[The New Indian Express]]'', opined that "Engirundhaalum Vaazhga" had set "the precedent for several generations of jilted lovers".<ref name="breath" /> P. K. Ajith Kumar of ''The Hindu'' stated, "Just as [Susheela] does not need to know the language to sing a song perfectly, we need not know Tamil to enjoy her songs like ... Sonnathu neethanaa... (''Nenjil'' [''Or''] ''Aalayam'')".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. K. Ajith |date=13 November 2015 |title=Ode to a Southern nightingale |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ode-to-a-southern-nightingale/article7871584.ece |access-date=20 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220141126/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ode-to-a-southern-nightingale/article7871584.ece |archive-date=20 February 2016}}</ref> Rajadhyaksha and Willemen called "Engirundhaalum Vaazhga" "a classic number about unrequited love."{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=374}} Following Viswanathan's death in July 2015, the news agency [[Press Trust of India]] wrote that "Ninaipadhellam" was "memorable for the deep sense of solace it offered to wounded hearts."<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2015 |title=MS Viswanathan: The face of an unparalleled era of music |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ms-viswanathan-the-face-of-an-unparalleled-era-of-music-2104581 |access-date=21 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915034608/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ms-viswanathan-the-face-of-an-unparalleled-era-of-music-2104581 |archive-date=15 September 2015}}</ref> Anand Venkateswaran of ''[[The Atlantic#The Wire|The Wire]]'' noted, "MSV's style is less about making words sit in a meter than about a musical empathy with the meaning. Could anyone else have set to tune the first line of 'Sonnadhu nee daana', of ''Nenjil Or Alayam'' (Muthuraman, 1962)?"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkateswaran |first=Anand |date=17 July 2015 |title=MSV, the Man Who Knew Nothing But Music |work=[[The Atlantic#The Wire|The Wire]] |url=http://thewire.in/2015/07/17/msv-obit-6635/ |access-date=24 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524063337/http://thewire.in/2015/07/17/msv-obit-6635/ |archive-date=24 May 2016}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Dina Thanthi]]'' noted Kannadasan had an uncanny ability to deliver perfect situational songs and cited "Sonnathu Neethaana" as an example.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2014 |title=89 மரணத்தை வென்ற கண்ணதாசன் |trans-title=Kannadasan triumphed over death 89 times |url=http://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2014/09/29131043/89-death-Winning-Kannadasan.vpf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524232544/http://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2014/09/29131043/89-death-Winning-Kannadasan.vpf |archive-date=24 May 2016 |access-date=25 May 2016 |website=[[Dina Thanthi]] |language=ta}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 20:42<br />
| title1 = Engirundhaalum Vaazhga<br />
| extra1 = [[A. L. Raghavan]]<br />
| length1 = 3:16<br />
| title2 = Enna Ninaithu<br />
| extra2 = [[P. Susheela]]<br />
| length2 = 3:30<br />
| title3 = Muthana Muthallavo<br />
| extra3 = P. Susheela<br />
| length3 = 3:35<br />
| title4 = Ninaipadhellam<br />
| extra4 = [[P. B. Sreenivas]]<br />
| length4 = 3:28<br />
| title5 = Oruvar Vaazhum Aalaiyam<br />
| extra5 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]], L.R. Eshwari<br />
| length5 = 3:18<br />
| title6 = Sonnathu Neethaana<br />
| extra6 = P. Susheela<br />
| length6 = 3:35<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
<!--<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=4 January 1963 |title=No Infringement |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Mother_India/CBMIAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Nenjil&printsec=frontcover |magazine=[[Mother India (magazine)|Mother India]] |volume=29 |page=22}}</ref> --><br />
''Nenjil Or Aalayam'' was released on 26 January 1962,<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 1962 |title=Nenjil Oor Alayam (Tamil) |pages=3 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620126&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=18 April 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> coinciding with the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] of India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2016 |title='நெஞ்சில் ஓர் ஆலயம்' திரைக்கதையும் டாக்டர் 'நீலமேகம்' சிறுகதையும்! |trans-title=The screenplay of "Nenjil Or Aalayam" and the short story "Doctor Neelamegam"! |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/17453 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128160827/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/17453 |archive-date=28 November 2016 |access-date=28 November 2016 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta |location=Nellai}}</ref> It was previously scheduled for 29 December 1961.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=14 January 1962 |title=South Indian Film Scene |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E3Q6AQAAIAAJ&q=nenjil |magazine=[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]] |volume=83 |page=57 |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref> According to Sridhar, the response during the first week was average but it picked up in the second week;<ref name="rajendra">{{Cite magazine |date=26 January 1992 |title=ராஜேந்திரகுமார்: அன்று ஒதுங்கினேன், இன்று நெருங்கினேன் |trans-title=Rajendrakumar: I stayed away that day, we came close today |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-01-26/page/n50/mode/1up |access-date=7 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=51–52 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> the film ultimately ran for 175 days in theatres.<ref name="Jeyaraj" /> To celebrate the film's successful outing at the box office, the film's crew members created an advertisement thanking the people who came to watch the film and appreciated it; the advertisement was issued in [[Nadigar Sangam]]'s official magazine, ''Nadigan Kural'', on 9 February 1962.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=9 February 1962 |title=நன்றி! தமிழ்பட ரசிகர்களுக்கு! |trans-title=Thanks! To all Tamil film fans! |url=http://www.msvtimes.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1380&start=15&sid=88fc0d31860a0bba29069f1e40ab67fd |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Nadigar Sangam|Nadigan Kural]] |language=ta |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523114838/http://www.msvtimes.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1380&start=15&sid=88fc0d31860a0bba29069f1e40ab67fd |archive-date=23 May 2016 |access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref> Encouraged by the film's success, Sridhar wished to screen the film at the [[Cannes Film Festival]], thus the screenplay was translated into [[French language|French]] in time for the festival. Sridhar sent Sarma, one of his administrative managers, to France to attend the screening of the film on his behalf.<ref name="Trend" /><br />
<br />
=== Critical reception ===<br />
''Nenjil Or Aalayam'' received positive feedback from critics for its innovative storytelling.<ref name="indiatoday" /><ref name="IE 1991" /> On 18 February 1962, the Tamil magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' appreciated the film, mentioning it was an innovative film made like American films and a sincere attempt to improve the taste of filmgoers for quality films.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=சேகர் |last2=சந்தர் |date=18 February 1962 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம் : நெஞ்சில் ஒர் ஆலயம் |trans-title=Movie Review: Nenjil Or Aalayam |url=https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/421--3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210707092523/https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/421--3 |archive-date=7 July 2021 |access-date=7 July 2021 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> On 8 April 1962, ''Link'' called the film "refreshingly different. What makes it better is, what it does not have", such as "star value", and involved or insipid dialogue. The reviewer praised the performances of Devika and Kalyan Kumar, and noted that though there were clichés, "the presentation is racy and superb."<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=8 April 1962 |title=Nenjil Ore Alayam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tS1WAAAAYAAJ&q=nenjil+or+aalayam+sridhar+distributors |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229101622/https://books.google.com/books?id=tS1WAAAAYAAJ&q=nenjil+or+aalayam+sridhar+distributors |archive-date=29 December 2021 |access-date=24 September 2016 |magazine=Link |publisher=United India Periodicals |page=40 |volume=4, Issues 26–51}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' lauded the film for its making and the cast performances, praising Sridhar for casting less prominent actors in leading roles.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=18 February 1962 |title=நெஞ்சில் ஓர் ஆலயம் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1962-02-18/page/n47/mode/2up? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240328061352/https://archive.org/details/kalki1962-02-18/page/n47/mode/2up? |archive-date=28 March 2024 |access-date=28 March 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=46–47 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Accolades ===<br />
''Nenjil Or Aalayam'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]] and the [[Rashtrapati Award|President's Award]] for Sridhar at the [[10th National Film Awards]].<ref name="President" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 March 1963 |title=Award for Tamil film |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19630325&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=3 March 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=7 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 1963 |title=State Awards for Films |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm10thNFAAward.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929062243/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm10thNFAAward.aspx |archive-date=29 September 2015 |access-date=9 September 2011 |website=[[International Film Festival of India]] |pages=6, 21}}</ref> Additionally, it won in two categories at the Film Fans' Association Awards: Best Film and Best Director (Sridhar).<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=27 July 1963 |title=Tit-Bits |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12015/page/n102/mode/2up |access-date=3 March 2023 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |page=43 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |volume=17}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Remakes ==<br />
Sridhar remade ''Nenjil Or Aalayam'' in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Dil Ek Mandir]]'' (1963) and in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Manase Mandiram]]'' (1966).<ref name="Randor" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahaan |first=Deepak |date=29 January 2010 |title=Dil Ek Mandir (1963) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article788918.ece |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929052051/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article788918.ece |archive-date=29 September 2015}}</ref> It was also remade in [[Malayalam]] as ''[[Hridayam Oru Kshethram]]'' (1976) by [[P. Subramaniam]], and in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Kumkuma Rakshe]]'' (1977) by S. K. A. Chari.<ref name="Randor" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijayakumar |first=B. |date=22 June 2014 |title=Old is Gold&nbsp;– Hrudayam Oru Kshethram: 1976 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/hrudayam-oru-kshethram-1976/article6136624.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606054450/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/hrudayam-oru-kshethram-1976/article6136624.ece |archive-date=6 June 2015 |access-date=6 June 2015 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[California]]-based Indian filmmaker [[Jag Mundhra]] was keen on remaking ''Dil Ek Mandir'' in English and Hindi, effecting some marginal changes in the film treatment. Mundhra met Sridhar to ask for the rights to the film's script only to learn that Sridhar had assigned it to a film financier for a paltry sum, for eternity. The financier demanded an exorbitant fee for giving up the rights. The fee amounted to 75% of Mundhra's budget.<ref name="Randor" /><br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
{{Quote box<br />
|title = <br />
|quote = Whether Sridhar made a comedy or a tragedy, love was his basic theme. It may look [[cliché]]d now, that (as in ''Nenjil Or Aalayam'') a woman's former lover would turn out to be the very doctor who has to operate on her husband. But at that time, it was totally off the beaten track. He has been an inspiration to all future filmmakers, including myself.<br />
|source = Director [[K. Balachander]] on Sridhar.<ref name="breath" /><br />
|width = 25%<br />
|align = right<br />
}}<br />
''Nenjil Or Aalayam'' attained [[Cult film|cult status]] in Tamil cinema and became a trendsetter for fast-paced filmmaking and [[Love triangle|triangular love stories]].<ref name="indiatoday" />{{Sfn|Mahmood|1974|p=45}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=8 August 2015 |title=Blast from the Past: 'Meenda Sorgam' 1960 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-meenda-sorgam/article7516330.ece |access-date=23 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523112622/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-meenda-sorgam/article7516330.ece |archive-date=23 May 2016}}<br />{{Cite web |last=Ashokamitran |title=முடிவற்ற முக்கோணக் காதல் |trans-title=Love triangles with an end |url=http://www.kalachuvadu.com/issue-108/page22.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524064636/http://www.kalachuvadu.com/issue-108/page22.asp |archive-date=24 May 2016 |access-date=24 May 2016 |website=[[w:ta:காலச்சுவடு (இதழ்)|Kalachuvadu]] |language=ta}}</ref> The film became a major breakthrough in Nagesh's career,<ref name=kannadasan /><ref name="Randor" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kesavan |first=N. |date=1 June 2016 |title=Into the world of Tamil film comedians |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/into-the-world-of-tamil-film-comedians/article8701142.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701150417/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/into-the-world-of-tamil-film-comedians/article8701142.ece |archive-date=1 July 2016 |access-date=1 July 2016 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> and the film critic [[S. Theodore Baskaran]] believed that his role as a ward boy "established his position" among Tamil cinema's prominent actors.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baskaran |first=S. Theodore |author-link=S. Theodore Baskaran |date=February 2009 |title=Tragic comedian |work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2604/stories/20090227260413300.htm |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929051310/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2604/stories/20090227260413300.htm |archive-date=29 September 2015}}</ref> In 2004, Baradwaj Rangan wrote "A ''Then Nilavu'' or a ''Nenjil Or Aalayam'' or a ''Kaadhalikka Neramillai'', Sridhar films all, in those days was considered the work of a genius with form."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=March 2004 |title=Two people, one industry |url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2004/535/535%20baradwaj%20rangan.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618082832/http://www.india-seminar.com/2004/535/535%20baradwaj%20rangan.htm |archive-date=18 June 2017 |access-date=18 June 2017 |website=India-Seminar}}</ref><br />
<br />
In July 2007, S. R. Ashok Kumar of ''The Hindu'' asked eight acclaimed directors were asked to list ten films they liked most. Directors [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]], [[Balu Mahendra]] and [[K. S. Ravikumar]] listed the film among their favourite films. Ravikumar was quoted saying, "Sridhar's ''Nenjil Or Aalayam'' depicts the supremacy of love."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=13 July 2007 |title=Filmmakers' favourites |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article2272999.ece |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011060705/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article2272999.ece |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> K. Hariharan, director of the L. V. Prasad Film and Television Academy in Chennai, noted in 2011, "The only film that could stake claim [in the 1960s] to an individual 'love story' was probably Sridhar's powerful ''Nenjil'' [''Or''] ''Aalayam''! And even here 'sacrifice' takes the upper hand!"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hariharan |first=K. |date=14 April 2011 |title=Match Point |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrintGifMSIE_PASTISSUES2&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH/2011/04/14&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ar02700 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426154902/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToPrintGifMSIE_PASTISSUES2&Type=text%2Fhtml&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH%2F2011%2F04%2F14&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ar02700 |archive-date=26 April 2016 |access-date=26 April 2016 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It was one of the films featured in artist [[Jeeva (artist)|Jeeva]]'s book ''Thiraiseelai'', a compilation of articles on cinema which won a [[National Film Award&nbsp;– Special Jury Award / Special Mention (Book on Cinema)|Special Mention]] certificate award at the [[58th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeshi |first=K. |date=27 May 2011 |title=Cinema chronicles |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/cinema-chronicles/article2052553.ece |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929051856/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/cinema-chronicles/article2052553.ece |archive-date=29 September 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references><br />
<ref name="Randor">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=8 December 2012 |title=Blast from the Past: Nenjil Ore Alayam (1962) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-cinema/nenjil-ore-alayam-1962/article4178726.ece |access-date=10 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606044228/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-cinema/nenjil-ore-alayam-1962/article4178726.ece |archive-date=6 June 2015}}</ref><br />
<ref name="IE 1991">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=22 September 1991 |title=Sridhar's pathbreaking film |pages=27 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=331lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wZ0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1463%2C3002998 |access-date=29 December 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<ref name="Cinema Express Article">{{Cite web |title=திருப்புமுனை திரைப்படங்கள்&nbsp;– 35 |trans-title=Pathbreaking films&nbsp;– 35 |url=http://www.cinemaexpress.com/cinemaexpress/story.aspx?Title=%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88+%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D!+-+35&artid=110597&SectionID=128&MainSectionID=128&SectionName=News&SEO= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160524233001/http://www.cinemaexpress.com/cinemaexpress/story.aspx?Title=%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88+%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D!+-+35&artid=110597&SectionID=128&MainSectionID=128&SectionName=News&SEO= |archive-date=24 May 2016 |access-date=25 May 2016 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=ta}}</ref><br />
<ref name="Jeyaraj">{{Cite web |last=Jeyaraj |first=D. B. S. |author-link= |date=19 December 2015 |title=Uncrowned monarch of humorous actors in Tamil movies |url=http://www.ft.lk/article/510529/Uncrowned-monarch-of-humorous-actors-in-Tamil-movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523141109/http://www.ft.lk/article/510529/Uncrowned-monarch-of-humorous-actors-in-Tamil-movies |archive-date=23 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |website=[[Daily FT]]}}</ref><br />
<ref name="breath">{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=2 November 2008 |title=A breath of fresh air |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/article446.ece |access-date=29 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929043923/http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/article446.ece |archive-date=29 September 2015}}</ref><br />
<ref name="Trend">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=31 October 2008 |title=Trend-setter |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article1436161.ece |access-date=5 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606005543/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article1436161.ece |archive-date=6 June 2015}}</ref><br />
<ref name="President">{{Cite news |last=Kannan |first=Ramya |date=27 June 2003 |title=Film vote |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/06/27/stories/2003062701140200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=5 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606005734/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/06/27/stories/2003062701140200.htm |archive-date=6 June 2015}}</ref><br />
<ref name="indiatoday">{{Cite web |last=Srivatsan |date=20 October 2016 |title=Remembering CV Sridhar, the iconoclastic filmmaker on his 8th death anniversary |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/remembering-cv-sridhar-the-iconoclastic-filmmaker-on-his-8th-death-anniversary-347516-2016-10-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026030634/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/remembering-cv-sridhar-the-iconoclastic-filmmaker-on-his-8th-death-anniversary/1/791171.html |archive-date=26 October 2016 |access-date=26 October 2016 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><br />
</references><br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Balabharathi |title=தமிழ் சினிமா 80 பாகம்-1 |publisher=Nakkheeran Publications |year=2012 |isbn=978-93-81828-40-3 |location=Chennai |language=ta |trans-title=Tamil Cinema 80 Part-1}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Mahmood |first=Hameeduddin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hH43AAAAIAAJ&q=nenjil+alayam |title=The kaleidoscope of Indian cinema |publisher=Affiliated East-West Press |year=1974}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author-link2=Paul Willemen |orig-date=1994}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |location=Chennai |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Sundaresan |first=P. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DyQqAQAAIAAJ&q=nenjil+alayam |title=Sruti, Issues 41-52 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=1988}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0314428}}<br />
{{Good article}}<br />
{{C. V. Sridhar}}<br />
{{NationalFilmAwardBestFeatureFilmTamil}}<br />
[[Category:1962 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1962 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1962 films]]<br />
[[Category:1962 romantic drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Best Tamil Feature Film National Film Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by C. V. Sridhar]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in hospitals]]<br />
[[Category:Films with screenplays by C. V. Sridhar]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films about cancer]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2026_Puducherry_Legislative_Assembly_election&diff=4813832026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election2026-04-30T09:17:30Z<p>Julipfz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Election to the legislative assembly of Puducherry}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = 2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election<br />
| country = India<br />
| flag_year = <br />
| flag_image = <br />
| type = legislative<br />
| vote_type = Popular <!-- default --><br />
| ongoing = yes<br />
| party_colour = <br />
| party_name = <br />
| alliance_name = <br />
| previous_election = 2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election<br />
| registered = 9,50,311 ({{down}} 6.01%)<ref name="final voter list"/><br />
| turnout = 89.87% ({{increase}} 6.43 [[percentage point|pp]])<ref name="TO">{{cite news |url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/puducherry-records-highest-ever-voter-turnout-of-89-87-per-cent-in-assembly-elections/ |title=Puducherry records highest ever voter turnout of 89.87% in Assembly elections Puducherry records highest ever voter turnout of 89.87% in Assembly elections |date=10 April 2026 |access-date=10 April 2026 |work=[[All India Radio]] }}</ref><br />
| previous_year = 2021<br />
| outgoing_members = [[15th Puducherry Assembly#Members of 15th Legislative Assembly|outgoing members]]<br />
| election_date = 9 April 2026<br />
| elected_members = <br />
| next_election = <br />
| next_year = 2031<br />
| votes_for_election = <br />
| needed_votes = <br />
| seats_for_election = 30{{efn|Three members are nominated by the [[List of lieutenant governors of Puducherry|Lieutenant Governor]].}} of 33 seats in the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| majority_seats = 17<br />
| opinion_polls = 2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election#Surveys and polls<br />
| image_size = <br />
| map_image = [[File:Wahlkreise zur Vidhan Sabha von Puducherry.svg|300px]]<br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = Map of the assembly constituencies in Puducherry<br />
| title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Puducherry|Chief Minister]]<br />
| before_election = [[N. Rangaswamy]]<br />
| before_party = [[All India N.R. Congress|AINRC]]<br />
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The Chief Minister of Puducherry, Shri N. Rangaswamy calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on March 16, 2015 (N. Rangaswamy) (cropped).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=12|oTop=8}}<br />
| leader1 = [[N. Rangaswamy]]<br />
| party1 = All India N.R. Congress<br />
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance<br />
| leader_since1 = 2011<br />
| leaders_seat1 = [[Thattanchavady Assembly constituency|Thattanchavady]]<br>[[Mangalam Assembly constituency|Mangalam]]<br />
| last_election1 = 25.85%, 10 seats<br />
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Vaithilingam.jpg|bSize=140|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=22|oTop=30}}<br />
| leader2 = [[V. Vaithilingam]]<br />
| party2 = Indian National Congress<br />
| leader_since2 = 2023<br />
| leaders_seat2 = [[Thattanchavady Assembly constituency|Thattanchavady]]<br />
| alliance2 = [[Secular Progressive Alliance|SPA]]<br />
| last_election2 = 15.71%, 2 seats<br />
| map = <br />
| votes_counted = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| reporting = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| declared = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| last_update = <br />
| seats_before1 = 10<br />
| seats_before2 = 4<br />
| seats_needed1 = {{increase}} 6<br />
| seats_needed2 = {{increase}} 12<br />
| 1blank = Current Alliance seats<br />
| 1data1 = 19<br />
| 1data2 = 11<br />
| 2blank = Alliance seats needed<br />
| 2data1 = {{steady}}<br />
| 2data2 = {{increase}} 5<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Legislative Assembly elections were held in [[Elections in Puducherry|Puducherry]] on [[2026 elections in India|9 April 2026]] to elect all the [[List of constituencies of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly|30 members]] of the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]. The votes will be counted and the results will be declared on 4 May 2026.<br />
<br />
The election recorded a voter turnout of 89.87%, the highest ever for an assembly election in the union territory.<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
Elections to a [[State legislative assemblies of India|Legislative Assembly]] in India are usually held once in five years, and the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|members of the legislative assembly]] are directly elected to serve five year terms from [[Single-member district|single-member constituencies]].<br />
<br />
The tenure of [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]] is scheduled to end on 15 June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Term of the Houses |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/term-of-the-houses |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250807185225/https://www.eci.gov.in/term-of-the-houses |archive-date=7 August 2025 |access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[Election Commission of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|previous assembly elections]] held in April 2021, the [[All India N.R. Congress]]-led [[National Democratic Alliance]] formed the [[Government of Puducherry|state government]] after winning 16 out of 30 seats in the assembly, with [[N. Rangaswamy]] sworn in as the [[Chief Minister of Puducherry|Chief Minister]].<ref>{{cite news |date=3 May 2021 |title=NR Congress-BJP alliance emerges victorious in Puducherry assembly polls |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/nr-congress-bjp-alliance-emerges-victorious-in-puducherry-assembly-polls-121050300106_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206233900/https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/nr-congress-bjp-alliance-emerges-victorious-in-puducherry-assembly-polls-121050300106_1.html |archive-date=6 December 2022 |work=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the later part of 2025, the [[Election Commission of India]] conducted a [[Special Intensive Revision]] after 24 years, to revise the electoral rolls.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 October 2025 |title=SIR rollout schedule announced in Puducherry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/sir-rollout-schedule-announced-in-puducherry/article70215905.ece |access-date=2 November 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Schedule==<br />
The [[Election Commission of India]] announced the schedule for the election on 15 March 2026.<ref name="Sch">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/puducherry-election-2026-dates-voting-on-april-9-results-on-may-4-101773570748747.html|title=Puducherry election dates: Voting on April 9, results on May 4|date=15 March 2026|access-date=15 March 2026|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Event<br />
!Date<br />
|-<br />
| Date for Nomination<br />
| 16 March 2026<br />
|-<br />
| Last date for filing nominations<br />
| 23 March 2026<br />
|-<br />
| Scrutiny of nominations<br />
| 24 March 2026<br />
|-<br />
| Last date for withdrawal of nomination<br />
| 26 March 2026<br />
|-<br />
| Polling<br />
| '''9 April 2026'''<br />
|-<br />
| Counting of votes<br />
| '''4 May 2026'''<br />
|-<br />
| Deadline for the completion of election process<br />
| 6 May 2026<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Parties and alliances ==<br />
=== National Democratic Alliance ===<br />
<!-- Per [[MOS:NOSECTIONLINKS]]: for technical reasons, section headings should, among other things, not contain links, citations, or template transclusions. --><br />
[[File:2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly Election NDA Seat Sharing Map.svg|[[National Democratic Alliance]] seat sharing map|thumb]]<br />
<br />
The seat sharing for the National Democratic Alliance was finalised on 20 March 2026.<ref name="NDA">{{cite web |date=20 March 2026 |title=Puducherry Assembly Polls: AINRC, BJP Seat Sharing Deal |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/puducherry/ainrc-bjp-finalise-seat-sharing-for-puducherry-assembly-polls-3938803 |access-date=20 March 2026 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="60%" style="text-align:center;<br />
| colspan="6" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6" | '''[[National Democratic Alliance]]'''<ref name="NDA"/><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2 | Party<br />
! Flag<br />
! Symbol<br />
! Leader<br />
! Seats<br />
|-<br />
| {{Full party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
| [[File:All India N.R. Congress.png|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Jug.svg|50px]]<br />
| align=left|[[N. Rangasamy]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2026/02/14/puducherry-bjp-draws-clear-strategy-to-fight-the-election-in-alliance-with-cm-rangaswamys-ainrc.html |title=Puducherry: BJP draws clear strategy to fight the election in alliance with CM Rangaswamy's AINRC |date=14 February 2026 |access-date=14 February 2026 |work=[[The Week (magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref><br />
| 16<ref name="NDA"/><br />
|-<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| [[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]<br />
| align=left|[[V. P. Ramalingame]]<ref>{{cite news |date=19 April 2025 |title=Mansukh Mandaviya appointed BJP in-charge for Puducherry ahead of 2026 polls |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/mansukh-mandaviya-appointed-bjp-in-charge-for-puducherry-ahead-of-2026-polls/articleshow/120434534.cms?from=mdr |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
| 10<ref name="NDA"/><br />
|-<br />
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
| [[File:AIADMK Flag.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Indian election symbol two leaves.svg|50px]]<br />
| align=left|A. Anbalagan<ref>{{cite news|title=AIADMK seeks reshuffle of police officers working in suburban and rural areas in Puducherry|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/aiadmk-seeks-reshuffle-of-police-officers-working-in-suburban-and-rural-areas-in-puducherry/article69772570.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 July 2025|access-date=18 November 2025|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
| 2<ref name="NDA"/><br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#002395;" |<br />
| align="left" | Latchiya Jananayaga Katchi<br />
| [[File:LJK Puducherry Logo.jpg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Watermelon.jpg|50px]]<br />
| align=left|Jose Charles Martin<ref>{{cite news |date=14 December 2025 |title=Businessman Jose Charles Martin floats new party in Puducherry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/businessman-jose-charles-martin-floats-new-party-in-puducherry/article70395118.ece |access-date=15 February 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
| 2<ref name="NDA"/><br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | Total<br />
! 30<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Secular Progressive Alliance ===<br />
<br />
[[File:2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly Election SPA Seat Sharing Map.svg|thumb|[[Secular Progressive Alliance]] seat sharing map]]<br />
<br />
As per the seat-sharing agreement finalised on 23 March 2026, the [[Indian National Congress]] and the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) agreed to contest in 17 and 13 seats respectively.<ref name="SPA">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/puducherry-polls-2026-congress-dmk-seal-seat-sharing-pact-sitting-mp-vaithilingam-to-take-on-cm-rangasamy-2026-03-23-1034817 |title=Puducherry polls: Congress-DMK seal seat-sharing pact; sitting MP Vaithilingam to take on CM Rangasamy |work=[[India TV]] |date=23 March 2026 |access-date=23 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/puducherry-assembly/puducherry-congress-dmk-leaders-to-meet-again-for-seat-sharing-talks/article70746493.ece |title=Puducherry Assembly election 2026: Congress, DMK leaders to meet again for seat-sharing talks |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=15 March 2026 |access-date=20 March 2026}}</ref> However, the Congress had already fielded candidates in five seats allocated to the DMK, which resulted in friendly contests between the two parties in these five constituencies.<ref name="INDI">{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Mar/26/friendly-contest-clouds-india-blocs-prospects-in-puducherry |title=Friendly contest' clouds INDIA bloc's prospects in Puducherry |date=26 March 2026 |access-date=31 March 2026 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The DMK allocated one seat from its quota to the [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]] (VCK). However, the VCK announced its exit from the alliance on 24 March 2026 citing seat-sharing disagreements.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 March 2026 |title=Puducherry elections 2026: Upset VCK exits DMK-Congress alliance, decides to contest alone|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/puducherry-assembly/puducherry-election-upset-vck-exits-dmk-congress-alliance-decides-to-contest-alone/article70778441.ece|access-date=25 March 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> However, on 6 April, the VCK announced that apart from the [[Oulgaret Assembly constituency|Oulgret constituency]] allocated to it, it will support the coalition candidates in the other three seats, where it had already fielded candidates.<ref name="VCK">{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Apr/06/vck-to-contest-only-in-oulgaret-constituency-in-puducherry|title=VCK to contest only in Oulgaret constituency in Puducherry|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=6 April 2026|access-date=6 April 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="60%" style="text-align:center;<br />
| colspan="6" {{Party color cell|Secular Progressive Alliance}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6" | '''[[Secular Progressive Alliance]]'''<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2 | Party<br />
! Flag<br />
! Symbol<br />
! Leader<br />
! Seats<br />
|-<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:INC Hand.svg|30px]]<br />
| align=left|[[V. Vaithilingam]]<br />
| 21<ref name="SPA"/><ref name="INDI"/><br />
|-<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
| [[File:Flag DMK.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Indian election symbol rising sun.svg|50px]]<br />
| align=left|[[R. Siva]]<br />
| 13<ref name="SPA"/><br />
|-<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}<br />
| [[File:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi banner.png|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bucket.png|50px]]<br />
| align=left|Deva Pozhilan<ref>{{cite news |title=VCK workers stage demonstration|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/vck-workers-stage-demonstration/article69293830.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=5 March 2025 |access-date=28 November 2025 |issn=0971-751X |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
| 4<ref name="VCK"/><br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5"| Total<br />
! 30+8{{efn|name=FF|Friendly contests in eight constituencies.}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== TVK–led Alliance ===<br />
On 22 March 2026, [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]] (TVK) announced its candidates for 30 constituencies in Puducherry.<ref name="TVK">{{cite news |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/tn-election-2026/tvk-candidate-list-for-puducherry-elections-released |title=புதுச்சேரி தேர்தலுக்கான த.வெ.க. வேட்பாளர் பட்டியல் வெளியீடு |trans-title=TVK releases candidate list for Puducherry elections |work=[[Daily Thanthi]] |language=ta |date=22 March 2026 |access-date=23 March 2026}}</ref> Subsequently, Neyam Makkal Kazhagam, led by [[G. Nehru Kuppusamy]], joined the [[TVK-led Alliance]] and was allocated two seats.<ref name="NMK">{{cite news |date=23 March 2026 |title=TVK Alliance in Puducherry |url=https://tamil.news18.com/national/puducherry-election-tvk-alliance-gives-2-seats-for-neyam-makkal-kazhagam-ex-mla-nw-mma-ws-bl-2066968.html |access-date=23 March 2026 |work=[[News18]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="60%" style="text-align:center;<br />
| colspan="7" {{Party color cell|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | '''[[TVK-led Alliance]]'''<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2| Party<br />
! Flag<br />
! Symbol<br />
! Leader<br />
! Seats<br />
|-<br />
| {{party color cell|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| style="text-align: left;"| [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]]<br />
| <br />
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Whistle.png|50px]]<br />
| align=left|[[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]<ref name="NMK" /><br />
| 28<ref name="NMK"/><br />
|-<br />
| style="background:yellow" | <br />
| align=left|Neyam Makkal Kazhagam<br />
| <br />
| [[File:AMMK SYMBOL PRESSURE COOKER.png|50px]]<br />
| align=left|[[G. Nehru Kuppusamy]]<ref name="NMK"/><br />
| 2<ref name="NMK"/><br />
|-<br />
!colspan="5"| Total<br />
! 30<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== SNMMK–AIPTMMK Alliance ===<br />
<br />
On 20 March 2026, the [[S. Ramadoss]]-led faction of the [[Pattali Makkal Katchi (S. Ramadoss)|Pattali Makkal Katchi]], formed an alliance with All India Puratchi Thalaivar Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam (AIPTMMK), led by [[V. K. Sasikala]], for the assembly elections in Puducherry.<ref name=PMKR>{{cite news |url=https://theprint.in/india/ramadoss-led-pmk-sasikalas-outfit-join-forces-for-assembly-polls-in-tamil-nadu-puducherry/2885007/ |date=20 March 2026 |access-date=21 March 2026 |work=[[ThePrint]] |title=Ramadoss-led PMK, Sasikala{{'}}'s outfit join forces for Assembly polls in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry}}</ref> On 25 March 2026, a seat-sharing agreement was signed between G. Sathiyamoorthy of Sengol Needhi Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam and Sasikala of AIPTMMK for the elections.<ref name=Sengol>{{cite news |date=25 March 2026|title=புதுச்சேரியில் செங்கோல் நீதி மக்கள் முன்னேற்றக் கழகத்துடன் சசிகலாவின் புதிய கட்சி கூட்டணி..! |trans-title=Sasikala Joined hands with another party in Puducherry|url=https://www.dinakaran.com/news/puducherry-sengol-neethi-makkal-munneta-kazhagam-sasikala-new-party-alliance |access-date=31 March 2026|work=[[Dinakaran]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref name=Seat>{{cite news |date=26 March 2026 |title=புதுச்சேரி தேர்தலிலும் களம் காணும் சசிகலா: 4 தொகுதிகளில் போட்டி |trans-title=Sasikala's Alignment on Pondicherry seat sharing|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/amp/story/news/puducherry/sasikala-party-contest-in-puducherry-assembly-election |access-date=31 March 2026|work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="60%" style="text-align:center;<br />
| colspan="7" {{Party color cell|Green}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | '''SNMMK–AIPTMMK Alliance'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2| Party<br />
! Flag<br />
! Symbol<br />
! Leader<br />
! Seats<br />
|- <br />
| style="background:green" | <br />
| align=left|Sengol Needhi Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br />
| <br />
| [[File:Diamond, Election symbol of Subi, leader of The Future India Party.svg|55px]]<br />
| align=left|Sathiyamurthy<br />
| 10<ref name=Sengol/><br />
|-<br />
| style="background:black" | <br />
| align=left|All India Puratchi Thalaivar Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br />
| <br />
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Coconut Farm.jpg|50px]]<br />
| align=left|[[V. K. Sasikala]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sasikala-announces-her-partys-name-all-india-puratchi-thalaivar-makkal-munnetra-kazhagam/article70738382.ece|title=Sasikala announces her party's name: All India Puratchi Thalaivar Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 March 2026|access-date=13 March 2026}}</ref><br />
| 4<ref name=Seat/><br />
|-<br />
!colspan="5"| Total<br />
! 14<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Others ===<br />
On 7 March 2026, [[Naam Tamilar Katchi]] was the first party to announce its candidates for the elections, and announced its intention to contest in 28 of the 30 constituencies in the union territory.<ref name="NTK">{{cite news |date=7 March 2026 |title=NTK announces candidates for Assembly polls in Puducherry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ntk-announces-candidates-for-assembly-polls-in-puducherry/article70716660.ece |access-date=11 March 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and [[Communist Party of India]], which are part of the [[Secular Progressive Alliance]] in Tamil Nadu, withdrew from the alliance and independently fielded candidates in four and two constituencies respectively.<ref name="INDI"/><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="60%" style="text-align:center;<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Flag<br />
! Symbol<br />
! Leader<br />
! Seats<br />
|-<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Naam Tamilar Katchi}}<br />
| [[File:NTK_Party_Symbol.png|50px]]<br />
| [[File:NTK-EC-Symbol.jpg|50px]]<br />
| align=left|[[Seeman]]<ref>{{cite news |date=9 December 2025 |title=Seeman backs TVK chief on UT's statehood |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/seeman-backs-tvk-chief-on-uts-statehood-856067 |access-date=13 March 2026 |work=[[DT Next]] }}</ref><br />
| 28<ref name="NTK"/><br />
|-<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
| [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|50px]]<br />
| align=left|S. Ramachandran<ref>{{cite news |title=CPI (M) demands scrapping of Smart Meter project in Puducherry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/cpi-m-demands-scrapping-of-smart-meter-project-in-puducherry/article70212604.ece |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251028150536/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/cpi-m-demands-scrapping-of-smart-meter-project-in-puducherry/article70212604.ece |archive-date=28 October 2025 |access-date=20 March 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] }}</ref><br />
| 4<ref name="INDI"/><br />
|-<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
| [[File:CPI-banner.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:CPI symbol.svg|50px]]<br />
| align=left|A. M. Saleem<ref>{{cite news |title=Saleem re-elected secretary of CPI's Puducherry unit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/saleem-re-elected-secretary-of-cpis-puducherry-unit/article70008704.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=3 September 2025 |access-date=11 September 2025 |issn=0971-751X |language=en-IN }}</ref><br />
| 2<ref name="INDI"/><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Candidates ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="line-height:20px;text-align:left;"<br />
! rowspan="2" | District<br />
! rowspan="2" | No.<br />
! rowspan="2" | Constituency<br />
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" |[[National Democratic Alliance|<span style="color:white;">NDA</span>]]<br />
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Secular Progressive Alliance}}" |[[Secular Progressive Alliance|<span style="color:white;">SPA</span>]]<br />
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}" |[[TVK-led Alliance|<span style="color:white;">TVK+</span>]]<br />
|- <br />
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate<br />
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate{{efn|The constituent parties of the [[Secular Progressive Alliance]] are engaged in a friendly fight in eight constituencies. This lists only the officially recognised candidates in the respective seats allocated to the constituent parties as per the seat sharing agreement between them.}}<br />
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="23" | [[Puducherry district|Puducherry]]<br />
! 1<br />
| [[Mannadipet Assembly constituency|Mannadipet]]<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| [[A. Namassivayam]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| [[T. P. R. Selvame]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| K. Bharathithasan<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
| [[Thirubuvanai Assembly constituency|Thirubuvanai (SC)]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
|B. Kobiga<br />
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|[[P. Angalane]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
|[[A. K. Sai J. Saravanan Kumar]]<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
| [[Ossudu Assembly constituency|Ossudu (SC)]]<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| E. Theeppainthan<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|P. Karthikeyan<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| S. Saraganabava<br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
| [[Mangalam Assembly constituency|Mangalam]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
| [[N. Rangasamy]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|S. S. Rangan<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
|M. K. Sathia Manikkavasagane<br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
| [[Villianur Assembly constituency|Villianur]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
| Ravikumar<br />
| {{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
| [[R. Siva]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| R. Ramesh<br />
|-<br />
! 6<br />
| [[Ozhukarai Assembly constituency|Ozhukarai]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
| K. Narayanasamy<br />
|{{party name with color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi }}<br />
|Selva. Pushpalatha<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| Sasibalan<br />
|-<br />
! 7<br />
| [[Kadirkamam Assembly constituency|Kadirkamam]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
| K. S. P. Ramesh<br />
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|P. Vadivelu<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| Jayanthi Rajavelu<br />
|-<br />
! 8<br />
| [[Indira Nagar Assembly constituency|Indira Nagar]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
| A. K. D. Arumugam<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|N. Rajakumar<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| S. Mourougane<br />
|-<br />
! 9<br />
| [[Thattanchavady Assembly constituency|Thattanchavady]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
| [[N. Rangasamy]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Neyam Makkal Kazhagam|shortname=NMK|color=#FFFF00}}<br />
| E. Vinayagam<br />
|-<br />
! 10<br />
| [[Kamaraj Nagar Assembly constituency|Kamaraj Nagar]]<br />
|bgcolor=#002395|<br />
| align="left" |LJK<br />
| Jose Charles Martin<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|P. K. Devadoss<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| Suman<br />
|-<br />
! 11<br />
| [[Lawspet Assembly constituency|Lawspet]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
|[[V. P. Sivakolundhu]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[M. Vaithianathan]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| [[V. Saminathan]]<br />
|-<br />
!12<br />
|[[Kalapet Assembly constituency|Kalapet]]<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| [[P. M. L. Kalyanasundaram]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|A. Senthil Ramesh<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| D. Sasikumar<br />
|-<br />
! 13<br />
| [[Muthialpet Assembly constituency|Muthialpet]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
| Vaiyapuri Manikandan<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|M. Rajendran<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| [[J. Prakash Kumar]]<br />
|-<br />
! 14<br />
| [[Raj Bhavan Assembly constituency|Raj Bhavan]]<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| [[V. P. Ramalingame]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|Vignesh Kannan<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| V. J. Chandran<br />
|-<br />
! 15<br />
| [[Oupalam Assembly constituency|Oupalam]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
| A. Anbalagan<br />
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
| [[Annibal Kennedy]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| S. Siva<br />
|-<br />
! 16<br />
| [[Orleampeth Assembly constituency|Orleampeth]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
| A. Gandhi<br />
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|S. Gopal<br />
|{{party name with color|Neyam Makkal Kazhagam|shortname=NMK|color=#FFFF00}}<br />
| [[G. Nehru Kuppusamy]]<br />
|-<br />
! 17<br />
| [[Nellithope Assembly constituency|Nellithope]]<br />
|bgcolor=#002395|<br />
| align="left" |LJK<br />
| A. Jayakumar<br />
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|V. Karthikeyan <br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| S. Vigneshwaran<br />
|-<br />
! 18<br />
| [[Mudaliarpet Assembly constituency|Mudaliarpet]]<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| [[A. Johnkumar]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
| [[L. Sambath]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| N. Manibalan<br />
|-<br />
! 19<br />
| [[Ariankuppam Assembly constituency|Ariankuppam]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
| Aiyappan<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|D. Vijayalakshmy<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| Kumaravelu<br />
|-<br />
! 20<br />
| [[Manavely Assembly constituency|Manavely]]<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| [[Embalam R. Selvam]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|R. K. R. Anantharaman<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| B. Ramu<br />
|-<br />
! 21<br />
| [[Embalam Assembly constituency|Embalam (SC)]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
| Mohamdaoss<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[M. Kandaswamy (Puducherry politician)|M. Kandaswamy]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| V. Tamilselvan<br />
|-<br />
! 22<br />
| [[Nettapakkam Assembly constituency|Nettapakkam (SC)]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
| Rajavelu<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|P. Sadasivam<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| L. Periasamy<br />
|-<br />
! 23<br />
| [[Bahour Assembly constituency|Bahour]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
|T. Thiagarajan<br />
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|[[R. Senthilkumar]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| N. Dhanavelou<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" | [[Karaikal district|Karaikal]]<br />
! 24<br />
| [[Nedungadu Assembly constituency|Nedungadu (SC)]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
|[[Chandira Priyanga]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Dinesh Kumar<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| U. Kamaraj<br />
|-<br />
! 25<br />
| [[Thirunallar Assembly constituency|Thirunallar]]<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|G. N. S. Rajasekaran<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[R. Kamalakannan]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| A. Raja Mohamed<br />
|-<br />
! 26<br />
| [[Karaikal North Assembly constituency|Karaikal North]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
|[[P. R. N. Thirumurugan]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|A. M. Ranjith<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| A. Vengadesh<br />
|-<br />
! 27<br />
| [[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]]<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| M. Arulmurugan<br />
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
| [[A. M. H. Nazeem]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| K. A. U. Assana<br />
|-<br />
! 28<br />
| [[Neravy T. R. Pattinam Assembly constituency|Neravy T. R. Pattinam]]<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| T. K. S. M. Meenatchisundaram<br />
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|[[M. Nagathiyagarajan]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| Pranadarti Gareswaran<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mahé district|Mahe]]<br />
! 29<br />
| [[Mahe Assembly constituency|Mahe]]<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| A. Dineshan<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Ramesh Parambath]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| Prijesh M<br />
|-<br />
| [[Yanam district|Yanam]]<br />
! 30<br />
| [[Yanam Assembly constituency|Yanam]]<br />
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
|[[Malladi Krishna Rao]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|[[Gollapalli Srinivas Ashok]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| Thota Raju<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Surveys and polls ==<br />
<br />
=== Exit polls ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px;"<br />
|+ Seat projections<br />
! rowspan="2" | Polling agency<br />
! rowspan="2" | Date published<br />
| bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|<br />
| bgcolor="{{party color|Secular Progressive Alliance}}"|<br />
| bgcolor="{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}"|<br />
| bgcolor="{{party color|Other}}"|<br />
! rowspan="2" | Lead<br />
|-<br />
! [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]<br />
! [[Secular Progressive Alliance|SPA]]<br />
! [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|TVK+]]<br />
! Others<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Axis My India]]<ref name="NDTV">{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/exit-poll-results-live-nda-to-get-second-straight-term-in-puducherry-with-16-20-of-30-seats-ndtv-exit-poll-11426458 |title=NDA To Get Second Straight Term In Puducherry With 16-20 Of 30 Seats: Axis My India Exit Poll |work=[[NDTV]] |date=29 April 2026 |access-date=29 April 2026 }}</ref><br />
| rowspan="5" |29 April 2026<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}};" |'''{{font color|White|16-20}}'''<br />
|6-8<br />
|2-4<br />
|1-3<br />
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}};" |'''{{font color|white|8-14}}'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Kamakhya Analytics<ref name="NDTV"/><br />
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}};" |'''{{font color|White|17-24}}'''<br />
|4-7<br />
|1-2<br />
|0-1<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}};" |'''{{font color|white|10-20}}'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|People's Pulse<ref name="NDTV"/><br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}};" |'''{{font color|White|16-19}}'''<br />
|10-12<br />
|0<br />
|1-2<br />
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}};" |'''{{font color|white|4-9}}'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Praja Poll<ref name="NDTV"/><br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}};" |'''{{font color|White|19-25}}'''<br />
|6-10<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}};" |'''{{font color|white|9-19}}'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|JVC<ref name="NDTV"/><br />
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}};" |'''{{font color|White|15-17}}'''<br />
|11-13<br />
|1-2<br />
|0-1<br />
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}};" |'''{{font color|white|2-6}}'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Voting ==<br />
According to the [[Election Commission of India]], 9,50,311 voters were eligible to vote in the assembly elections in Puducherry. This includes 4,46,361 male, 5,03,810 female, and 140 [[third gender]] voters.<ref name="final voter list">{{cite web |date=14 February 2026 |title=Puducherry publishes final electoral roll; over 9.4 lakh voters registered |url=https://madhyamamonline.com/india/puducherry-publishes-final-electoral-roll-94-lakh-voters-registered-1494920 |access-date=15 March 2026 |work=Madhyam}}</ref><br />
The polling was held on 9 April 2026 and the election recorded a voter turnout of 89.87%, the highest ever for an assembly election in the union territory.<ref name="TO"/><br />
<br />
== Results ==<br />
=== By alliance or party ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | Alliance/ Party<br />
! colspan="3" | Popular vote<br />
! colspan="3" | Seats<br />
|-<br />
! Votes<br />
! %<br />
! ±[[Percentage point|pp]]<br />
! Contested<br />
! Won<br />
! Change<br />
|-<br />
| {{Party name with color|National Democratic Alliance|rowspan=5}}<br />
| {{Full party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}<br />
| {{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| 16<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| {{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| 10<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
| {{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| 2<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#002395; width: 2px;" |<br />
| align="left" | Latchiya Jananayaka Katchi<br />
| {{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| 2<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:#fde8d2" | '''Total'''<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | '''30'''<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
|-<br />
| {{Party name with color|Secular Progressive Alliance|rowspan=4}}<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| {{formatnum:}}<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|21<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
| {{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|13<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}<br />
| {{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|4<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:#fde8d2" | '''Total'''<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | '''30'''{{efn|name=FF}}<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3 style="background:#A00000"|<br />
| rowspan=3 align=left|[[TVK-led Alliance|TVK+]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
| {{formatnum:}}<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|28<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:yellow"|<br />
| align=left|Neyam Makkal Kazhagam<br />
| {{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|2<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:#fde8d2" | '''Total'''<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | '''30'''<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
| style="color:inherit;background:#fde8d2" | <br />
|-<br />
| {{Party color cell|Others}}<br />
| colspan="3" align=left| Other parties<br />
| {{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| {{Party color cell|Independent politician}}<br />
| colspan="3" align=left| [[Independent (politician)|Independents]]<br />
| {{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| {{Party color cell|None of the above (India)}}<br />
| colspan="3" align=left| [[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]<br />
| {{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |<br />
!<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Total<br />
! {{formatnum:}}<br />
! 100%<br />
! —<br />
! —<br />
! 30<br />
! —<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== By district ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! rowspan="2" | District<br />
! rowspan="2" | Seats<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" |<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Secular Progressive Alliance}}" |<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}" |<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Others}}"|<br />
|-<br />
! [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]<br />
! [[Secular Progressive Alliance|SPA]]<br />
! [[TVK-led Alliance|TVK+]]<br />
! Others<br />
|-<br />
| align=left| [[Puducherry district|Puducherry]]<br />
! 23<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align=left| [[Karaikal district|Karaikal]]<br />
! 5<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align=left| [[Mahe district|Mahe]]<br />
! 1<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align=left| [[Yanam district|Yanam]]<br />
! 1<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! Total<br />
! 30<br />
!<br />
!<br />
!<br />
!<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== By constituency ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! rowspan="2" | District<br />
! colspan="2" | Constituency<br />
! colspan="5" | Winner<br />
! colspan="5" | Runner-up<br />
! rowspan="2" | Margin<br />
|-<br />
! No.<br />
! Name<br />
! Candidate<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Votes<br />
! %<br />
! Candidate<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Votes<br />
! %<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="23" | [[Puducherry district|Puducherry]]<br />
! 1<br />
| [[Mannadipet Assembly constituency|Mannadipet]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
| [[Thirubuvanai Assembly constituency|Thirubuvanai (SC)]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
| [[Ossudu Assembly constituency|Ossudu (SC)]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
| [[Mangalam Assembly constituency|Mangalam]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
| [[Villianur Assembly constituency|Villianur]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 6<br />
| [[Ozhukarai Assembly constituency|Ozhukarai]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 7<br />
| [[Kadirkamam Assembly constituency|Kadirkamam]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 8<br />
| [[Indira Nagar Assembly constituency|Indira Nagar]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 9<br />
| [[Thattanchavady Assembly constituency|Thattanchavady]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 10<br />
| [[Kamaraj Nagar Assembly constituency|Kamaraj Nagar]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 11<br />
| [[Lawspet Assembly constituency|Lawspet]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 12<br />
| [[Kalapet Assembly constituency|Kalapet]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 13<br />
| [[Muthialpet Assembly constituency|Muthialpet]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 14<br />
| [[Raj Bhavan Assembly constituency|Raj Bhavan]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 15<br />
| [[Oupalam Assembly constituency|Oupalam]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 16<br />
| [[Orleampeth Assembly constituency|Orleampeth]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 17<br />
| [[Nellithope Assembly constituency|Nellithope]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 18<br />
| [[Mudaliarpet Assembly constituency|Mudaliarpet]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 19<br />
| [[Ariankuppam Assembly constituency|Ariankuppam]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 20<br />
| [[Manavely Assembly constituency|Manavely]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 21<br />
| [[Embalam Assembly constituency|Embalam (SC)]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 22<br />
| [[Nettapakkam Assembly constituency|Nettapakkam (SC)]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 23<br />
| [[Bahour Assembly constituency|Bahour]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" | [[Karaikal district|Karaikal]]<br />
! 24<br />
| [[Nedungadu Assembly constituency|Nedungadu (SC)]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 25<br />
| [[Thirunallar Assembly constituency|Thirunallar]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 26<br />
| [[Karaikal North Assembly constituency|Karaikal North]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 27<br />
| [[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 28<br />
| [[Neravy T. R. Pattinam Assembly constituency|Neravy T. R. Pattinam]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mahé district|Mahé]]<br />
! 29<br />
| [[Mahe Assembly constituency|Mahe]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Yanam district|Yanam]]<br />
! 30<br />
| [[Yanam Assembly constituency|Yanam]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Puducherry elections}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Puducherry]]<br />
[[Category:2026 State Assembly elections in India|Puducherry]]<br />
[[Category:2020s in Puducherry]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhodia_people&diff=496867Dhodia people2026-04-28T20:01:52Z<p>Julipfz: Put Up Article...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Tribe in India}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=July 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox tribe<br />
| name = Dhodia<br />
| image =<br />
| type = <br />
| location = [[Vapi]] To [[Tapi district|Tapi]] in [[Gujarat]] [[India]]<br />
| population = 5,36,000 (2012)<br />
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.dhodia.in/}} <br />
}}<br />
'''Dhodia''' are an [[Adivasi]] people who have been placed in the Indian communities recognition, under [[Schedule Tribes]].{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} The majority of the Dhodia [[tribe]]s are located in the southern part of [[Gujarat]] ([[Navsari]], [[Surat]] and [[Valsad]] districts), [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Rajasthan]]. In [[Maharashtra]], they are found mainly in the district of [[Thane]]. They speak [[Dhodia language]], which has some unique words, as well as some words influenced by [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dhodia.info/language.aspx |title=Dhodia Language |access-date=2008-04-26 |archive-date=2012-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210191154/http://dhodia.info/language.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>People of India Maharshtra Volume XXX Part One edited by B.V Bhanu, B.R Bhatnagar, D.K Bose, V.S Kulkarni and J Sreenath pages 529-535</ref><br />
<br />
==Religion and customs==<br />
Most of the Dhodia believe in traditional religious practices [http://dhodia.info/Religions.aspx].<br />
The majority of Dhodia people worship Khatra and Nature, while some follow Hinduism. The Dhodia community also has several subcastes or 'Kul' within it.<br />
<br />
Dhodia clan have a clan deity Bhavani Mata and kul dev Bharam Dev. They have yearly worship at the clan temple.<br />
The Dhodia also worship Chosath Jogini and Bagla Brahmchari.<br />
Baliya dev..<br />
They have a death ritual called Parjan every two years, in which everyone gathers for ancestors rituals.<br />
Dhodia Females traditionally wear 'Kachhedo' or 'Dhadku', a type of saree which closely resembles the Marathi saree.<br />
<br />
==Festivals==<br />
They celebrate festivals that other Hindus do. Diwali, Holi are some examples. The majority of Dhodia believe in and are devoted to "Kanasari" or "Kanseri" (Goddess of food). They celebrate the "Kanseri" festival annually at harvest. The "Kanseri" Goddess is otherwise known as Goddess "Annapurna" by many Hindus.<br />
<br />
The Dhodia also celebrate "Divaso".<br />
<br />
Vagh baras is also celebrated in a unique fashion in some Dhodia villages where men colour themselves in stripes representing the Vagh( tiger) and others as plain white or other colours denoting cattle. The tiger chases the cattle. Finally at the end of the sport the village inhabitants eat together and celebrate. During five days of Diwali they celebrate their folk dance called Gheria.<br />
Also they make Bhakhras for pooja rituals to their Kuldev on this day.<br />
[[File:Bhakhra .jpg|thumb|Vaghbaras]]<br />
[[File:Dhodia14.jpg|thumb|Dhodia Tur ane Thail]]<br />
[[File:Dhodia23.jpg|thumb|Vagh Baras Na Bhakhara]]<br />
[[File:Dhodia18.jpg|thumb|Dhodia Dance Turiya]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[Naikda]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Commons category-inline}}<br />
*[http://www.dhodia.in/ Dhodia Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624161408/http://www.dhodia.in/ |date=2018-06-24 }}<br />
*[https://www.facebook.com/dhodia.in Dhodia FaceBook Page]<br />
*[https://www.facebook.com/groups/dhodia.in/ Dhodia FaceBook Group]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202212105/http://www.dhodiacommunity.in/ Dhodia Community]<br />
*[http://www.facebook.com/groups/rockingdhodia RDG]<br />
*[http://www.dhodiamatrimony.com/ Dhodia Matrimony]<br />
*[http://www.dhodia.in/history.html Dhodia History]<br />
*[http://www.dhodia.in/language.html Dhodia Language]<br />
*[http://www.dhodia.in/dhodia-kul.html Dhodia Kul(કુળ)]<br />
*[http://www.dhodia.in/dhodia-video.html Dhodia Videos]<br />
*[http://www.dhodia.in/blogs/ Dhodia Blog]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150227134927/https://d1dac016738cc07b8e9b4516adec6d0d403a5b18.googledrive.com/host/0BzQepCWvI7qxMHpmcFE5eVlnTjQ/Default.html Dhodia Book 1:અહા આમું ઢોડિયા - શ્રી.કુલીન પટેલ]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150227123952/https://0de6a58964b2b3c6e429c65b6c9cc7851deeac5e.googledrive.com/host/0BzQepCWvI7qxflo1VDZQdVBnMTBncXhmWV9SRHNldm1PTEtNNnc5eS0zak5LdkpUcVVhUFU/Default.html Dhodia Book 2:ઢોડિયા જાતી: બોલી,સાહિત્ય અને સંસકૃતિ - સ્વ.શ્રી મંછારામભાઈ નારણદાસ પટેલ]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150227134830/https://22dad957fd7b8573ecf1fbf66cb534cd9fdd336a.googledrive.com/host/0BzQepCWvI7qxamdBbE51Zi1xZjA/Default.html Dhodia Book 3:વડલો]<br />
<!--<br />
*[http://dhodia.info/default.aspx Gives information on history of origin, cultural practices and language of Dhodia.]<br />
*[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=dho Dhodia : A language of India]<br />
*[http://www.dhodia.in/Patel/Population.aspx Dhodia Population]<br />
*[http://www.dhodia.in/Patel/Religion.aspx Dhodia Religion]<br />
*[http://www.dhodia.in/Patel/Trust.aspx Dhodia Trusts(મંડળો)]<br />
*[http://www.dhodia.in/Patel/Socialservants.aspx Dhodia SocialServants]<br />
*[http://www.dhodia.in/Patel/Rituals.aspx Dhodia Rituals(વિધિઓ)]<br />
--><br />
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{{Scheduled Tribes in Maharashtra}}<br />
{{Social groups of Maharashtra}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adivasi, Dhodia}}<br />
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]<br />
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Daman and Diu]]<br />
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Goa]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=S._R._A._S._Appala_Naidu&diff=531294S. R. A. S. Appala Naidu2026-04-23T09:08:54Z<p>Julipfz: created new pg</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = S. R. A. S. Appala Naidu<br />
| caption = SRA Appala Naidu, Former Minister,M.P,M.L.A<br />
| image = SRAS_Appala_Naidu.png<br />
| office = Member of the Legislative Assembly, Paravada<br />
| constituency = Paravada<br />
| minister = Fisheries And Ports (1969-71)<br />
| predecessor = Eti Nagayya<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| birth_place = [[Pendurthi]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| death_date = 1996<br />
| birth_date = 6 November 1925<br />
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br />
| constituency1 = [[Anakapalli Lok Sabha constituency|Anakapalle]]<br />
| term_start = 1967<br />
| term_end = 1971<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Missula Suryanarayana Murti]]<br />
| successor2 = [[Pethakamsetti Appala Narasimham]]<br />
| term_start1 = 1971<br />
| term_end1 = 1984<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''S. R. A. S. Appala Naidu''' (6 November 1925 – 1996) was an Indian Member of Parliament in the [[Lok Sabha]]. His full name is Saragadam Rama Adhi Suri Appala Naidu.<br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
He was born in 1925 in Pendurthi, Visakhapatnam. He served as Gram Munisibhu four times between 1944 and 1964 and served as Gram Sarpanch between 1964 and 1967.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}<br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
He was Member of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] between 1967 and 1969. He was elected from [[Parawada|Parwada]] constituency as [[Indian National Congress]] candidate.<ref>[http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html Statistical Report of Andhra Pradesh Elections - 1967]</ref> He was Minister for Fisheries and Ports<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.centerforinquiry.net/uploads/attachments/Pradesh-Part-3.pdf|title=COUNCIL OF MINISTERS|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> during 1969 - 71<br />
<br />
He was elected to the [[5th Lok Sabha]] (1971–77)<ref name=":0" /> [[6th Lok Sabha]] (1977–80)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Anakapalli (Andhra Pradesh) Lok Sabha Election Results - Anakapalli Parliamentary Constituency, Winning MP and Party Name |url=https://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/parliamentary-constituencies/anakapalli.html |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=www.elections.in}}</ref> and [[7th Lok Sabha]] (1980–84)<ref name=":0" /> from [[Anakapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)]] as a candidate of [[Indian National Congress]]. He was also the chairman of [[Visakhapatnam Urban Development Authority]] (VUDA) in 1982–83.<ref>[http://www.vuda.gov.in/who_is_who.html Who is Who of Visakhapatnam Urban Development Authority at VUDA.org]</ref><br />
<br />
==Memorial==<br />
A bronze statue was erected in his memory at the [[Pendurthi]] cross roads [[Visakhapatnam]] in the mid 1990s.<br />
<br />
A bronze statue was erected in his memory at the [[Kasimkota]] ECB [[Visakhapatnam]] in 2016.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Naidu, SRAS Appala}}<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1977–1979]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]<br />
[[Category:1925 births]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:People from Visakhapatnam district]]<br />
[[Category:1996 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1967–1972]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ram_Prasad_Kushwaha&diff=529007Ram Prasad Kushwaha2026-04-20T09:27:24Z<p>Julipfz: created post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Ram Prasad Singh<br />
| native_name =<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date |1941|3|3|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = Kochas, [[Rohtas District|Rohtas]], [[Bihar]], [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]<br />
| constituency = [[Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arrah]], [[Bihar]]<br />
| term_start = 1999<br />
| term_end = 2004<br />
| predecessor = H. P. Singh<br />
| successor = [[Kanti Singh]]<br />
| constituency2 = [[Bikramganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikramganj]], [[Bihar]]<br />
| term_start2 = 1989<br />
| term_end2 = 1996<br />
| predecessor2 = Tapeshwar Singh<br />
| successor2 = [[Kanti Singh]]<br />
| office1 = <br />
| term1 = <br />
| predecessor1 = <br />
| successor1 = <br />
| party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]<br />
| other_party = [[Janata Dal]]<br />
| spouse = Munishwari Devi<br />
| children = <br />
| profession = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| date = <br />
| year = <br />
| source = https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=453&lastls=13 <br />
}}<br />
'''Ram Prasad Singh''' commonly known as '''Ram Prasad Kushwaha'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-bjp-wave-seen-in-aara-rk-singh-become-second-time-mp-19248471.html|title=RK Singh becomes MP for the second time|access-date=28 April 2024|archive-date=17 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017212141/https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-bjp-wave-seen-in-aara-rk-singh-become-second-time-mp-19248471.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/laloo-faces-hostile-crowd-at-ara/articleshow/219225.cms|title=Laloo faces hostile crowd at arrah|website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 April 2024|archive-date=29 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429180928/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/laloo-faces-hostile-crowd-at-ara/articleshow/219225.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> is an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]] from [[Bikramganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikramganj]] constituency in 1989 and 1991 as a member of the [[Janata Dal]] and from [[Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arrah]] constituency of [[Bihar]] in 1999 as a member of the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/comb/combexpr.htm | title=Combined List of Members of Lok Sabha (I to XIII Lok Sabha) | publisher=[[Parliament of India]] | accessdate=28 October 2015 | archive-date=12 November 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112055621/http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/comb/combexpr.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Rana2006">{{cite book|author=Mahendra Singh Rana|title=India Votes: Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha Elections 2001-2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yInZdHn-pKoC&pg=PA189|accessdate=30 October 2015|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-647-6|pages=189–|archive-date=29 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429180809/https://books.google.com/books?id=yInZdHn-pKoC&pg=PA189#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/psearch/Result13.aspx?dbsl=6576 | title=Title: Members of newly elected Thirteenth Lok Sabha made and subscribed the oath or affirmation. | publisher=[[Lok Sabha]] | accessdate=30 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sansad.in/ls/members/biographyM/453?from=members|title=Ram Prasad Singh Lok Sabha|access-date=28 April 2024|archive-date=22 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022093659/https://sansad.in/ls/members/biographyM/453?from=members|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Born to Shri Jagdeo Singh on 3 March 1941, Singh grew up to become an agriculturist and social worker.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://datais.info/loksabha/members/Singh+%2C+Shri+Ram+Prasad/8ae1669c872985376d2102108200305e/|title=Members bioprofile|access-date=28 April 2024|archive-date=29 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429180810/https://datais.info/loksabha/members/Singh+%2C+Shri+Ram+Prasad/8ae1669c872985376d2102108200305e/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=453&lastls=13 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ram Prasad}}<br />
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:1941 births]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]<br />
<br />
{{Bihar-RJD-politician-stub}}</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuh_Assembly_constituency&diff=522581Nuh Assembly constituency2026-04-19T08:54:37Z<p>Julipfz: created new info</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Nuh<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = Nuh Assembly constituency map.svg<br />
| mla = [[Chaudhary Aftab Ahmed|Aftab Ahmed]]<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| alliance = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|I.N.D.I.A]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
| preceded_by = [[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]]<br />
| region = <br />
| state = [[Haryana]]<br />
| district = [[Nuh district|Nuh]]<br />
| division = <br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Gurgaon]]<br />
| constituency_no = 79<br />
| established = 1967<br />
| electors = 2,06,801<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| incumbent_image = <br />
}}'''Nuh''' is one of the 90 assembly constituencies in the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] of the Indian state of [[Haryana]]. It is a part of the [[Nuh district]] and is also one of nine assembly constituencies in the [[Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency]]. It was previously part of the [[Faridabad Lok Sabha constituency]] before the [[Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency]] was re-established in 2008.<ref name="ECI-20081126">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=2008-11-26|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>[http://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/nuh.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Nuh Assembly constituency]</ref><br />
<br />
Since its formation, the seat has been occupied primarily by [[Political families of Haryana#Rahim Khan Clan of Mewat|Rahim Khan Clan]] and [[Political families of Haryana#Ahmed Clan of Nuh|Khurshid Ahmed Clan]] from the political families in the region. [[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]] and [[Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed]] have been elected to the Legislative Assembly the most number of times.<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Election!!Member!!colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| [[Chaudhary Rahim Khan|Rahim Khan]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]]<br />
| [[Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed|Khurshed Ahmad]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
| [[Chaudhary Rahim Khan|Rahim Khan]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
| [[Chaudhary Sardar Khan|Sardar Khan]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br />
| [[Chaudhary Rahim Khan|Rahim Khan]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1985 (By-elections)]]<br />
| Aftab Khan<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br />
| [[Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed|Khurshid Ahmad]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Lok Dal}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1989 (By-elections)]]<br />
| Hassan Mohammad<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
| [[Chaudhary Mohd Ilyas|Mohammad Ilyas]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
| [[Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed|Khurshid Ahmad]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]]<br />
| [[Hamid Hussain]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br />
| [[Habib Ur Rehman (Nayab Sahab)|Habib-Ur-Rehman]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br />
| [[Chaudhary Aftab Ahmed|Aftab Ahmed]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br />
| [[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<br />
|rowspan =2|[[Chaudhary Aftab Ahmed|Aftab Ahmed]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Aftab Ahmed (Indian politician)|Aftab Ahmed]]|votes=91,883|percentage=59.26|change={{increase}}17.49}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Tahir Hussain|party=Indian National Lok Dal|votes=44,870|percentage=28.96|change={{increase}}26.10}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sanjay Singh|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=15,902|percentage=10.26|change={{decrease}}28.29}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Birender|party=Jannayak Janta Party|votes=1,570|percentage=1.01|change={{decrease}}13.16}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=NOTA|votes=369|percentage=0.24|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=46,963 |percentage=30.30 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,55,006|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,07,841 |ref = |change= {{increase}}21.86 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= {{increase}}17.49 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2019 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |access-date= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Aftab Ahmed (Indian politician)|Aftab Ahmed]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=52,311 |percentage=41.77|change={{increase}}16.15 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=48,273|percentage=38.55|change={{increase}}18.80}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Tayyab Hussain Ghasediya|party=Jannayak Janta Party|votes=17,745|percentage=14.17|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nasir Husain Adbar|party=Indian National Lok Dal|votes=3,583|percentage=2.86|change={{decrease}}49.49}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Arjan|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,668|percentage=1.33|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,038 |percentage=3.22 |change= {{decrease}}23.51 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,25,234|percentage=73.43|change={{decrease}}8.86}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,70,551 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.41 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{decrease}}10.58 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2014 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|title=Haryana Results|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|website=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]] |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=64,221 |percentage=52.35% |change={{increase}}40.44 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Aftab Ahmed (Indian politician)|Aftab Ahmed]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=31,425|percentage=25.62%|change={{decrease}}13.47}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sanjay Singh|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=24,222|percentage=19.75%|change={{increase}}0.13}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Niyamat Pahelwan|party=Haryana Lokhit Party|votes=1,536|percentage=1.25%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=32,796 |percentage=26.73% |change= {{increase}}7.26 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,22,672|percentage=82.29%|change={{increase}}7.55}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,49,070 |ref = |change= {{increase}}28.37 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}13.26 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2009 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Aftab Ahmed (Indian politician)|Aftab Ahmed]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=33,925 |percentage=39.09% |change={{increase}}5.31 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sanjay Singh|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=17,021|percentage=19.61%|change={{increase}}18.39}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Hamid Hussain|party=Independent politician|votes=12,779|percentage=14.72%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Badruddin|party=Indian National Lok Dal|votes=10,338|percentage=11.91%|change={{decrease}}9.94}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Jahid|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=6,843|percentage=7.88%|change={{increase}}6.43}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Tayyab Hussain Ghasediya|party=Independent politician|votes=4,562|percentage=5.26%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mohd. Haroon|party=Independent politician|votes=470|percentage=0.54%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,904 |percentage=19.48% |change= {{increase}}14.95 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=86,791|percentage=74.74%|change={{increase}}4.97}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,16,128 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}15.83 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}0.78 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2005 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Habib Ur Rehman]] |party=Independent politician |votes=36,879 |percentage=38.31% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Chaudhary Aftab Ahmed]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=32,520|percentage=33.78%|change={{increase}}5.73}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Hamid Hussain|party=Indian National Lok Dal|votes=21,032|percentage=21.85%|change={{decrease}}18.23}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mohammad Asgar|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,403|percentage=1.46%|change={{decrease}}25.85}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Hukam Chand|party=Independent politician|votes=1,241|percentage=1.29%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sahid|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=1,172|percentage=1.22%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mahboob|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=1,007|percentage=1.05%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,359 |percentage=4.53% |change= {{decrease}}7.49 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=96,261|percentage=69.77%|change={{decrease}}0.46}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,37,965 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.45 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.77 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2000 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hamid Hussain |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=31,454 |percentage=40.08% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=22,020|percentage=28.06%|change={{increase}}21.67}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Habib Ur Rehman]]|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=21,432|percentage=27.31%|change={{increase}}26.53}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Hanif|party=Haryana Vikas Party|votes=933|percentage=1.19%|change={{decrease}}8.64}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mohd. Asad|party=Nationalist Congress Party|votes=871|percentage=1.11%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sunil Kumar|party=Independent politician|votes=806|percentage=1.03%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Gani (Abdul Gani)|party=Janata Dal (United)|votes=461|percentage=0.59%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,434 |percentage=12.02% |change= {{decrease}}0.07 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=78,484|percentage=71.42%|change={{increase}}9.88}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,11,754 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.36 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}9.72 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1996 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed]] |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=20,401 |percentage=30.36% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hamid Hussain |party=Samata Party |votes=12,274 |percentage=18.27% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohd. Azaz |party=Independent politician |votes=8,301 |percentage=12.35% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Mohammad Ilyas]] |party=Independent politician |votes=7,379 |percentage=10.98% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Habib Ur Rehman]] |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=6,602 |percentage=9.83% |change={{decrease}}10.06 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Din Mohd |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,293 |percentage=6.39% |change={{decrease}}22.08 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahboob |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=1,734 |percentage=2.58% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhan Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,546 |percentage=2.30% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Godhu Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,088 |percentage=1.62% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Samsudin |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=525 |percentage=0.78% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anwar Hussain |party=Independent politician |votes=408 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,127 |percentage=12.09% |change= {{increase}}5.10 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=67,195 |percentage=63.28% |change= {{increase}}0.04 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,11,351 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.68 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}1.89 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1991 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Mohammad Ilyas]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,274 |percentage=28.47% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hamid Hussain |party=Independent politician |votes=13,031 |percentage=21.48% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Sardar Khan]] |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=12,062 |percentage=19.88% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Din Mohmad Mewati |party=Independent politician |votes=9,715 |percentage=16.01% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmed |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,755 |percentage=7.84% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Daud |party=Janata Party |votes=2,842 |percentage=4.68% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hem Chand Saini |party=Independent politician |votes=369 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,243 |percentage=6.99% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=60,669 |percentage=62.27% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,00,610 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly By-election 1989 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Haryana Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Nuh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hassan Mohd. |party=Independent politician |votes=32,729 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Mohammad Ilyas]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,206 |percentage= |change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hamid Hussain |party=Independent politician |votes=8,939 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=985 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P.C.Premi |party=Independent politician |votes=523 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Lokdal |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1987 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed]] |party=Lokdal |votes=43,743 |percentage=69.10% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Mohammad Ilyas]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,773 |percentage=24.92% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sabir Ahmad |party=Independent politician |votes=1,242 |percentage=1.96% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amranand Saraswat |party=Independent politician |votes=841 |percentage=1.33% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Istayak |party=Independent politician |votes=643 |percentage=1.02% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Duli Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=434 |percentage=0.69% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=27,970 |percentage=44.18% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=63,306 |percentage=69.96% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 91,586 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly By-election 1985 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Haryana Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Nuh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Aftab Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,669 |percentage= |change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Khan |party=ICJ |votes=23,556 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=I.Hussain |party=Independent politician |votes=1,606 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. K. P. Jada |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,529 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ismail |party=Independent politician |votes=448 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=285 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=113 |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1982 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]] |party=Independent politician |votes=15,554 |percentage=32.61% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Sardar Khan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,416 |percentage=30.23% |change={{increase}}15.90 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Din Mohd S/O Murad Khan |party=Lokdal |votes=6,258 |percentage=13.12% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mauz Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=4,543 |percentage=9.53% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mool Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=3,769 |percentage=7.90% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmad S/O Umrao |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,507 |percentage=3.16% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nawaz Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=328 |percentage=0.69% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmad S/O Chhaju |party=Independent politician |votes=224 |percentage=0.47% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Umar Mohd. |party=Independent politician |votes=220 |percentage=0.46% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,138 |percentage=2.39% |change= {{decrease}}2.63 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=47,690 |percentage=65.38% |change= {{increase}}7.80 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,364 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.44 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}11.46 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1977 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Sardar Khan]] |party=Janata Party |votes=15,457 |percentage=44.07% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Din Mohd |party=Independent politician |votes=13,699 |percentage=39.06% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mauj Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,027 |percentage=14.33% |change={{decrease}}31.88 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Wali Mohd. |party=Independent politician |votes=890 |percentage=2.54% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,758 |percentage=5.01% |change= {{increase}}1.10 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=35,073 |percentage=56.86% |change= {{decrease}}17.49 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,263 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}2.11 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}6.06 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1972 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]] |party=Independent politician |votes=23,536 |percentage=50.13% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,697 |percentage=46.21% |change={{decrease}}7.25 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Badri Parshad |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=909 |percentage=1.94% |change={{decrease}}8.96 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mauj Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=587 |percentage=1.25% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sohan Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=224 |percentage=0.48% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,839 |percentage=3.92% |change= {{decrease}}17.71 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,953 |percentage=75.67% |change= {{increase}}24.50 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 63,604 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.27 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.33 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1968 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,675 |percentage=53.46% |change={{increase}}53.07 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]] |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=8,738 |percentage=31.83% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shankar Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=2,991 |percentage=10.90% |change={{increase}}10.7 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmad |party=Independent politician |votes=1,046 |percentage=3.81% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,937 |percentage=21.63% |change= {{increase}}18.79 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=27,450 |percentage=50.72% |change= {{decrease}}17.02 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,661 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.73 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}11.96 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1967 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nuh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]] |party=Independent politician |votes=15,212 |percentage=41.50% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Ahmed |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,171 |percentage=38.66% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=7,274 |percentage=19.84% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,041 |percentage=2.84% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,657 |percentage=70.71% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,256 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[Nuh (city)|Nuh]]<br />
* [[Nuh district]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of Haryana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Haryana constituencies}}<br />
{{Haryana}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|28.10|77.00|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Nuh district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]<br />
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agrun&diff=484900Agrun2026-04-16T09:39:42Z<p>Julipfz: Stub!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Traditional garment for Hajong women}}<br />
{{Infobox clothing type<br />
| name = Agrun<br />
| image_file =<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = Agrun, Agron, Argon, Agon<br />
| type = [[Shawl]]<br />
| material = [[Silk]], [[Cotton]]<br />
| location = [[India]]<br />
| manufacturer = [[Hajong people]]<br />
| url = <br />
}}<br />
An '''Agrun''' (also called '''Agron''', '''Argon''' or '''Agon''') is a traditional shawl-like garment worn by [[Hajong people|Hajong]] women in the [[Indian subcontinent]], in modern-day [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Hajong, B. 2002 p. 1-2">Hajong, B. (2002). ''The Hajongs and their struggle.'' Assam, Janata Press.</ref><br />
<br />
It is a form of festive wear, worn during special occasions. Agrun are used by both men and women. They are [[shuttle (weaving)|shuttle-woven]] and characterized by large-scale, symmetrical patterns, featuring geometrical shapes and stylized leaves and flowers<ref> Bordoloi, B. N. 1991 p. 38 Bordoloi, B. N. (1991). ''Tribes of Assam, Part 3.'' Assam, Tribal Research Institute. | https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pGFLAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions </ref> in colored silks with or without gold and silver threads. Traditionally argons used to be very large in size and would have birds like [[Heron|herons]], [[Duck|ducks]] and [[peacocks]], and trees like [[kadamba tree]] brocaded on them. <br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Pathin]]<br />
*[[Dupatta]]<br />
*[[Sabai]]<br />
*[[Hajong people]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|group=note}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*{{cite book<br />
| first = Sidney<br />
| last = Endle<br />
| title = The Kacháris<br />
| year = 1911<br />
| publisher = Macmillan and Co.<br />
}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*{{Commonscatinline|Argon (clothing)}}<br />
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{{Folk costume}}<br />
{{Clothing in South Asia}}<br />
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[[Category:Hajong culture]]<br />
[[Category:Culture of Meghalaya]]<br />
[[Category:Indian clothing]]<br />
[[Category:History of Asian clothing]]<br />
[[Category:Shawls and wraps]]<br />
[[Category:Indian shawls and wraps]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Clothing-stub}}<br />
{{Fashion-stub}}</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yeh_Raat&diff=546156Yeh Raat2026-04-15T13:31:26Z<p>Julipfz: new new page from scratch!</p>
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<div>{{cleanup|reason=grammar|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
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{{Infobox film<br />
|name = Yeh Raat<br />
|image =<br />
|director = Chintu<br />
|writer = Chintu<br />
|starring = Krishna, Monica, Mehandi,Upma Srivastava,Anis Khan<br />
|producer = Alok Rajput<br />
|cinematography = S. Mansoor<br />
|editing = I.M. Kunnu<br />
|distributor = <br />
|released = {{Film date|df=yes|2000}}<br />
|runtime = 111 minutes<br />
|country = India<br />
|language = Hindi<br />
|music = Kunwar Bharti<br />
|gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Yeh Raat''''' is a [[Hindi film|Hindi]] [[horror film]] by Divey Arts. It is written and directed by Chintu and it was released in 2000.<br />
Most of the film was shot in Goel Bunglow (Delhi), Wimpy (Delhi), Film City, Bhullar Bunglow, Sun Villa & Essel Studio.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b83fa7a60 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412072902/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b83fa7a60 | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 April 2022 | title=Yeh Raat (1999) }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
The film opens with a young couple Rahul & Rani on their way to [[Kandla|Kandala]] for their honeymoon are misled to a wrong way, their car got stopped on midway and they decide to spend the night in an unknown bungalow they find. Rani is possessed by an unknown force and kills Rahul by crushing his bones who tries to have sex with her.<br />
<br />
Police tries to find out the mystery behind the disappearance of couples and decide to hasten the enquiry on the disappearance of young couples who were on their way to Kandala.<br />
<br />
[[Manish Malhotra]] & Shivani are two journalist couples. Manish decides to go to Kandala to find out the mystery behind this. They are also misled by the same arrow pointing right side and get stuck in the jungle. They find a deserted house were Rahul & Rani stay earlier. There they find a young girl Rasmalai. She informs them that the house belongs to D'costa and he is not available in the house. She warns them not to stay in that house as the couples stay there will disappear and asks them to go to some other place. Manish declines saying that he is a journalist and he needs to find out the reason behind it.<br />
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They decide to go inside the house and after some time Manish hugs Shivani. Shivani who is now possessed by an unknown force starts crushing the bones of Manish. Their fellow journalists launch a complaint the disappearance about Manish and Shivani.<br />
<br />
[[Mumbai]] Police Commissioner assigns this case to Inspector Vikram, who, in the company of the Commissioner's daughter, [[Neelu]]; their servant, Khiladi; and Professor L.K. Chawla, a [[Parapsychologist]], travel there to try and unravel the mystery. Her mom confronts the police commissioner for sending Neelu for a [[Dangerous Mission|dangerous mission]].<br />
<br />
They find Rasmalai who take them to the bungalow and also warns them about the bungalow. They also find that the couples arrived at the bungalow only because their cars got stuck on the midway.<br />
<br />
Vikram finds D'costa going somewhere in the midnight and follows him. He overhears his conversation with someone as he was yelling at someone that he/she should not kill anymore innocent people. As Prof. Chawal & Vikram enquires him he says that it was his daughter Ruby D'costa who is behind the disappearance of all couples.<br />
<br />
D'costa used to work for Yograj & Naagraj. One day Ruby takes food for them. But she is raped by Yograj & Naagraj, her lover Johnny comes to rescue her. But Yograj stabs him with a knife & as Johnny fights him Naagraj stabs him from behind. They decides to bury the dead bodies. Naagraj goes crazy and run outside who is then killed by Ruby's spirit. Yograj who is scared also drives away but his car gets stuck in the midst of the jungle. He is then killed by Ruby.<br />
<br />
Ruby then starts killing all the couples whoever stays there. D'costa explains that when Ruby's ghost possess the girls they kill their boyfriend by crushing their bones. Later when Ruby leaves their body they will also die. Therefore, D'costa requests Ruby not to kill anymore people. Also warns Vikram that she will kill tonight as well as she did not respond to his request.<br />
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Neelu is possessed by Ruby & tries to kill Vikram. Prof. Chawal comes there & tries to hypnotise Neelu. She replies that she was killed though she was innocent & she finds happiness in others death. Chawla convinces her saying that she should not kill anyone if her love was true for Johnny. She finally agrees to leave forever.<br />
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Also Vikram finds that all the dead bodies are buried by D'costa outside the bungalow. Khiladi marries Rasmalai & they lives happily ever after.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Sadashiv Amrapurkar]] as Police Commissioner<br />
* [[Arjun (Firoz Khan)|Arjun]] as Yograj<br />
* [[Shiva Rindani]] as Naagraj<br />
* Mehandi as Shivani<br />
* Upma Srivastav as Dolly<br />
* Anis Khan as Manish Malhotra/Journalist<br />
* Ramesh Goyal as D'costa<br />
* Shabnam Kapoor as Ruby D'costa<br />
* Ajay Bali<br />
* Tarana as Rasmalai<br />
* Banwarilal Jhol as Kiladi<br />
* [[Raja Hasan]] as Rahul/Guest Appearance<br />
* Sonu Batra as Rani/Guest Appearance<br />
* Ram Chandra as Guest Appearance<br />
* Krishna<br />
* Monica<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|1891980}}<br />
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[[Category:2000 films]]<br />
[[Category:2000 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Indian horror films]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nandagopa&diff=520274Nandagopa2026-04-11T20:05:10Z<p>Julipfz: </p>
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<div>{{Infobox deity<br />
| type = Hindu<br />
| image = Indischer Maler um 1755 002.jpg<br />
| caption = Nanda (right) watches Krishna being pushed on a swing.<br />
| spouse = [[Yashoda]]<br />
| children = [[Krishna]], [[Balarama]] (foster-children)<br>[[Yogamaya]] (biological daughter)<br />
| dynasty = <br />
| texts = ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', ''[[Harivamsa]]'', ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'', ''[[Mahabharata]]''<ref>Brahmavaivarta Purana Sri-Krishna Janma Khanda (Fourth Canto) Chapter 13.Verse 224 English translation by Shantilal Nagar Parimal Publications Link: https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-purana-all-four-kandas-english-translation</ref><br />
| region = Gokulam<br />
| father = [[ Parjanya (Hinduism) ]]<br />
}}{{short description|Foster-father of Hindu god Krishna}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br />
<br />
'''Nanda''' or '''Nandagopa''' ({{Langx|sa|नन्द}}, {{IAST3|Nanda}}) is a cow-herd chief in [[Hindu mythology]],<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bhatt |first1=Dr G. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sG_tDwAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+cowherd+chief&pg=PA1137 |title=The Agni-Purana Part 4: Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology Volume 30 |last2=Gangadharan |first2=N. |date=2013-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-3897-0 |pages=1137 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Books |first=Kausiki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fPdJEAAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+cowherd+chief&pg=PT119 |title=Bhagavatha Maha Purana 1st Skanda : English translation only without Slokas |date=2021-07-12 |publisher=Kausiki Books |pages=119 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Case |first=Margaret H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh7OoTSH5UwC&dq=nanda+cowherd+chief&pg=PA3 |title=Seeing Krishna: The Religious World of a Brahman Family in Vrindaban |date=2000-04-20 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-535153-8 |pages=3 |language=en}}</ref> who is the foster-father of [[Krishna]]. He is featured in the [[Hindu texts]] [[Harivaṃśa]] and the [[Puranas]].<ref name="gbbok2">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=htVhBAAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+vasudeva&pg=PT79 | title=Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead- Chepter-5 | publisher=The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust | author=His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupad | isbn=978-9171495587}}</ref> Nanda is the son of [[Parjanya Maharaja|Parjanya]],<ref name="Das1999">{{cite book|author=Swarup Das|title=Śrī Śrī 84 Krosh Vrajamaṇḍala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UHnXAAAAMAAJ&q=parjanya+nanda|year=1999|publisher=Samir Debanth}}</ref><ref name="Entwistle1987">{{cite book|author=A. W. Entwistle|title=Braj: Centre of Krishna Pilgrimage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2YoRAQAAIAAJ&q=parjanya|year=1987|publisher=E. Forsten|isbn=978-90-6980-016-5}}</ref> a ruler of the [[Braj]] region,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Holdrege |first=Barbara A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_tBgCgAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+vraja&pg=PT235 |title=Bhakti and Embodiment: Fashioning Divine Bodies and Devotional Bodies in Krsna Bhakti |date=2015-08-14 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-66909-8 |pages=235 |language=en}}</ref> who is a son of Devamidha.<ref name="Cakravartī2004">{{cite book|author=Viśvanātha Cakravartī|title=Sārārtha Darśini: Tenth Canto Commnetaries &#91;of&#93; Srimad Bhagavatam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2vXAAAAMAAJ&q=parjanya+yadava|year=2004|publisher=Mahanidhi Swami}}</ref> According to sources He was [[Cowherd]] and the chief of [[Gokul|Gokulam]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lach |first1=Donald Frederick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPPiumz4vx0C&dq=nanda+gokulam&pg=PA1052 |title=South Asia |last2=Kley |first2=Edwin J. Van |date=1993 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-46754-2 |pages=1052 |language=en}}</ref> which was one of the powerful mandals of the [[Yadava|Yadavas]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Taken by Vasudeva and given to Nanda, the cow-herd, who was asked to accept him as his adopted child. |first=Gendun Chopel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSZnAgAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+was+a+cow+herder&pg=PA384 |title=Grains of Gold: Tales of a Cosmopolitan Traveler |date=2014-01-17 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-09202-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="GBook1">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9bOEAwAAQBAJ&dq=nand+vasudev&pg=PA119 | title=The Greatest Farce of History | publisher=Partridge Publishing | author=Gopal Chowdhary | year=2014 | pages=119 |isbn=978-1482819250 | quote= Krishnas father Vasudev was the brother of Nanda, the chief or Mandaladhish of Gokul Mandal that was one of the most powerful branches of Yadavas.}}</ref> <br />
<br />
According to sources Vasudeva and Nanda were Brothers, while there are also sources which state the two being step-brothers and good friends.<ref>{{Cite book |last=When Vasudev, his stepbrother, learned Nanda had arrived, he went at once to tell him how his wife and he survived. As Nanda greeted Vasudev, embracing him with love, he felt he had regained his life and thanked the stars above. |first=Carl Woodham |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYsJnhaeVuMC&dq=vasudev+stepbrother&pg=PA95 |title=A God Who Dances: Krishna for You |date=2011-07-20 |publisher=Torchlight Publishing |isbn=978-0-9817273-6-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Prabhupāda |first=A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aGvXAAAAMAAJ&q=vasudev+stepbrother |title=Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: pt. 1-4. The summum bonum |date=1999 |publisher=Bhaktivedanta Book Trust |isbn=978-0-89213-261-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Cakravartī2004"/><ref name="GBook1"/><ref name="Lok Nath Soni">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wT-BAAAAMAAJ&q=vasudeva | title=The Cattle and the Stick: An Ethnographic Profile of the Raut of Chhattisgarh | publisher=Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Department of Culture, 2000 Original from the University of Michigan | author=Lok Nath Soni | year=2000 | location=Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Department of Culture, Delhi | pages=16 | isbn=978-8185579573}}</ref> Vasudeva takes his newborn son, Krishna, to Nanda on the night of the child's birth, so that Nanda could raise him and to protect new born [[Krishna]] from his maternal uncle [[Kamsa]]. The chief, who is married to [[Yashoda]], brings up both Krishna, and his brother, [[Balarama]]. Krishna derives his epithet ''Nandanandana'' (son of Nanda) from him.<ref name="John Stratton Hawley">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jP7_AwAAQBAJ&dq=Nandanandana+krishna&pg=PA316 | title=At Play with Krishna: Pilgrimage Dramas from Brindaran | publisher=Princeton University Press | author=John Stratton Hawley | year=2014 | location=Princeton Legacy Library | pages=316 | isbn=978-1400859122}}</ref><ref name="Charles Barnett">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=veGFAwAAQBAJ&dq=Nandanandana+krishna&pg=PT162 | title=Blazing Sadhus or Never Trust a Holy Man Who Can't Dance | publisher=Charles Barnett | author=Charles Barnett | year=2014 | pages=III | isbn=978-1632958624 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legend==<br />
[[File:Nanda Requests a Horoscope for Krishna.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Nanda requests a horoscope for Krishna.]]<br />
Nanda was the foster-father of Krishna. He also helped to raise Balarama. Nanda, identified as King Nanda in many scriptures<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sehgal |first=Sunil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sDmwCcLza2AC&dq=nanda+king+gokula&pg=PA1084 |title=Encyclopaedia of Hinduism |date=1999 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-064-1 |pages=1084 |language=en}}</ref> was a kinsman and a great friend of [[Vasudeva]].<ref name="Shrí Lallú Lal Kab">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=16AIAAAAQAAJ&dq=nand+nand++gokul&pg=PA18 | title=Prem ságar; or, The ocean of love | publisher=Oxford University | year=1867 | pages=18}}</ref> According to Sripad Madhvacarya, Vasudeva and Nanda were step-brothers. Some other sources suggests them to be only friends.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Vasudeva and Nanda Mahãraja were so intimately connected that they lived like brothers. Furthermore, it is learned from the notes of Sripada Madhvacarya that Vasudeva and Nanda Maharaja were stepbrothers. Vasudeva's father, Surasena, married a vaisya girl, and from her Nanda Maharaja was born. Later, Nanda Maharaja himself married a vaisya girl, Yasoda. |first1=His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oohOCgAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+vaisya&pg=PT457 |title=Srimad-Bhagavatam, Tenth Canto: The Summum Bonum |last2=Prabhupada |first2=Disciples of His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami |date=1977-12-31 |publisher=The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust |isbn=978-91-7149-643-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=We can cite another instance from Srimad Bhagavatam which relates to the meeting of two friends, Nanda and Vasudeva. Nanda was the leader of a cowherd community and Vasudeva was a dethroned king. Vasudeva was a ksatriya, and Nanda Maharaja was a vaisya. It is the duty of the ksatriyas to give protection to the citizens, and it is the duty of the vaisyas to give protection to the cows. |first=Dr Sahadeva Das |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSHlEAAAQBAJ&dq=vasudev+and+nanda+were+friends&pg=PA86 |title=Cows Are Cool |date=2018-01-01 |publisher=Golden Age Media |isbn=978-81-909760-4-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=had the embryo transferred to the womb of Rohini, a second wife of Vasudeva who lived in the encampment of his friend Nanda. |first=Alan W. Entwistle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HDZEEQAAQBAJ&dq=vasudev+and+nanda+were+friends&pg=PA31 |title=Braj, Centre of Krishna Pilgrimage |date=2025-02-10 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-64659-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Olson2007">{{cite book|author=Carl Olson|title=Hindu Primary Sources: A Sectarian Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zuqB0o8aGzMC&pg=PA240|access-date=21 August 2017|year=2007|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-4070-2|pages=240–| quote = when he heard that his brother Nanda had arrived and learnt that he had paid taxes to his king, Vasudeva went to Nandas residential quarters. }}</ref><ref name="Gosvāmī2006">{{cite book|author=Jīva Gosvāmī|title=Śrī Kr̥ṣṇa-sandarbha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bG7aAAAAMAAJ&q=Nanda|access-date=21 August 2017|year=2006|publisher=Rasbiharilal & sons| page = 299 | isbn=978-81-8403-018-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/menon-ramesh-the-complete-mahabharata-volume-1-12 |title=The Complete Mahabharata Volume 1 to 12 |pages=2034 |language=English}}</ref><br />
King [[Vasudeva]] married [[Devaki]], the daughter of King Devaka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&dq=devaka+father+of+devaki&pg=PT424 |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2014-04-18 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-277-9 |pages=424 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Garg |first=Gaṅgā Rām |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9pmo51lRnYC&dq=king+devaka&pg=PA21 |title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World |date=1992 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-374-0 |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref> Devaki's cousin, an evil tyrant named [[Kamsa]], had imprisoned his father, [[Ugrasena]], and usurped the throne. Owing to a divine prophecy that he would be slain by the eighth child of Devaki, [[Kamsa]] arranged that all of Devaki's sons should die at birth. Six children thus perished.<ref name="Bhagwat Purana2">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYsJnhaeVuMC&dq=king+nanda&pg=PA189 | title=A God Who Dances: Krishna for You | publisher=Torchlight Publishing | author=Carl Woodham | year=2011 | pages=84 | isbn=978-0981727363}}</ref> [[Vasudeva]]'s wife, [[Rohini (wife of Vasudeva)|Rohini]], gave birth to Balarama, and [[Krishna]] himself was placed by [[Vasudeva]] into the hands of Nanda. Both Krishna and Balarama were brought up by Nanda, the cowherd-chief, and his wife, Yashoda.<ref name="Bhagwat Purana3">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYsJnhaeVuMC&dq=king+nanda&pg=PA189 | title=A God Who Dances: Krishna for You | publisher=Torchlight Publishing | author=Carl Woodham | year=2011 | pages=103–121 | isbn=978-0981727363}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHTmRSnoGp4C&dq=king+nanda+krishna&pg=PA14 | title=The Bhagavad Gita: Revised Edition | publisher=SUNY Press | author=Winthrop Sargeant, Christopher Key Chapple | year=1984 | pages=9, 14 | isbn=978-0873958318}}</ref><ref name="Jürgen Neuß">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5TYd6pXmdIC&dq=nanda+gop&pg=PA265 | title=Narmad?parikram? - Circumambulation of the Narmad? River: On the Tradition of a Unique Hindu Pilgrimage Volume 42 of Brill's Indological Library | publisher=BRILL | author=Jürgen Neuß | year=2012 | pages=265 | isbn=978-9004228573}}</ref><br />
<br />
A legend from the Bhagavata Purana describes the episode of Nanda's abduction. Having observed a fast during the [[ekadashi]], he entered the waters of the [[Yamuna]] the following night to perform ablutions, disregarding the fact that it was a period of the day that was reserved for the [[Asura|asuras]]. He was captured by an asura who served [[Varuna]], the god of water, and took him to his underwater realm. Having heard that his foster-father had been taken captive, Krishna reassured his community of the former's safety, and sought an audience with Varuna. Delighted at the sight of Krishna, Varuna offered his obeisance, as well as apologies for his servant's actions, and returned Nanda from his abode. Astonished at the sight of Varuna's abode as well as his foster-son's actions, Nanda conveyed this incident to the people of Gokulam, who determined that Krishna must be [[Ishvara]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dutt |first=Manmatha Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RQQ-AQAAMAAJ&dq=krishna+nanda+abducted+varuna+asura&pg=RA2-PA128 |title=A Prose English Translation of Srimadbhagavatam |date=1896 |publisher=M.N. Dutt |pages=128–129 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dikshitar |first=V. R. Ramachandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmqe3AGz5fUC&dq=nanda+chief+gokulam+purana&pg=PA435 |title=The Purāṇa index. 2. (From T to M) |date=1995 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |isbn=978-81-209-1274-8 |pages=435 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
When Krishna is enveloped by the serpent [[Kaliya]], Nanda and his men attempt to rescue him by diving into the Yamuna, but he was restrained by Balarama, who knew the true identity of his brother.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hudson |first=D. Dennis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXlMCAAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+kaliya&pg=PT215 |title=The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram |date=2008-09-25 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-045140-0 |pages=215 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Leeming |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPrhBwAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+kaliya&pg=PA232 |title=Oxford Companion to World Mythology |date=2005-11-17 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-028888-4 |pages=232 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In an episode, Nanda and all the people of Vraja undertook a pilgrimage to a site named Ambika Vana, where they worshipped [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]], and bathed in the [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvati river]]. They spent the night at the banks of the river. A huge python started to swallow Nanda, having caught hold of his leg. Hearing his cries for help, Krishna and the cowherds arrived to rescue him. The men tried to brandish their torches at the snake to free him, but to no avail. Krishna merely tapped the python with his foot, and the creature assumed the form of a [[gandharva]]. The gandharva explained that he was named Sudarshana, and due to the fact that he had laughed to mock [[Rishi|sages]] from his [[vimana]], he had been cursed with the form of a python; the touch of Krishna's foot had liberated him from his curse.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Venkatesananda |first=Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SS01AAAAQBAJ&dq=nanda+python&pg=PA270 |title=The Concise Srimad Bhagavatam |date=2010-03-31 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-1-4384-2283-1 |pages=270 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vanamali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LFwoDwAAQBAJ&dq=python+nanda&pg=PT97 |title=The Complete Life of Krishna: Based on the Earliest Oral Traditions and the Sacred Scriptures |date=2012-05-22 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-59477-690-8 |pages=97 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
<br />
{{Tree chart/start}}<br />
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | YAD | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |YAD = [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yadu]]}}<br />
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{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | YAd | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |YAd = [[Yadava]] dynasty (After 74 generations)}}<br />
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{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | VRs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |VRs = [[Vrishni]]}}<br />
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{{Tree chart | | | | VPr |~|y|~| DEv |~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|y|~| MDs | DEv=Devamida|VPr=Vesparna|MDs=Madisha}}<br />
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{{Tree chart | | | | | | | PAr |~|y|~| VAr | | PAr=[[Parjanya Maharaja|Parjanya]]|VAr=Variyasi| | | | | | | | | | | | SUr |~|y|~| MAr| | SUr=[[Shurasena]]|MAr=Marisha}}<br />
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
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{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | NAn |~|y|~| YAs | | NAn=Nanda|YAs=[[Yashoda]] | | | | | | | | | | | | VAs |~|y|~| DEv | | VAs=[[Vasudeva]]|DEv=[[Devaki]]}}<br />
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
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{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | YOc | | YOc = [[Yogamaya]] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KRs | | KRs = [[Krishna]]}}<br />
{{Tree chart/end}}<br />
<br />
==Veneration==<br />
[[File:नंदगाँव का एक दृश्य.JPG|thumb|right|Nandagaon]]<br />
[[File: Lathmar Women.jpg|thumb|right|Women waiting for gopis in the streets of Nandagaon during [[Lath mar Holi]]]]<br />
<br />
===Nandagaon===<br />
{{Main|Nandgaon, Uttar Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
Nandagaon is one of the religious places near [[Barsana]] in [[Braj]]. Since the sixteenth century the town has been associated with Nanda and Krishna. The Nanda Bhavan aka Nandrayji ka Mandir houses identical images of Krishna and Balarama flanked by Nanda and Yashoda. The current temple was built in the mid-eighteenth century by a ruler named Rup (Roop) Singh.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Entwistle |first=A.W. |title=Braj: Center of Krishna Pilgrimage |publisher=Egbert Forsten |year=1987 |pages=377–378}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vaudeville |first=Charlotte |date=1976 |title=Braj, Lost and Found |journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |publisher=Brill |volume=18 |issue=3/4 |pages=205 |doi=10.1163/000000076790079717 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Surrounding the town are several tanks and ponds associated with events from Krishna's life.{{Sfn|Entwistle|1987|p=379-382}}<br />
<br />
===Nanda Bhavan (Chaurasi Khamba Mandir)===<br />
The residence of Nanda, known as ''Nanda Bhavan'', where Krishna is said to have grown up and spent the first three years of his childhood is a main and most famous temple in [[Mahavan]]. This yellow coloured building has many wall paintings depicting pastimes of [[Krishna]] has 84 pillars inside. It is believed that there are 84,00,000 species in this material world and each pillar is said to symbolize 100,000 species, thus representing all the life in the universe.<ref name=" Dev Prasad">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0_5caqiUH0C&dq=gokul&pg=PT54 | title=Krishna: A Journey through the Lands & Legends of Krishna | publisher=Jaico Publishing House | author=Dev Prasad | year=2010 | isbn=978-8184951707}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Nanda Ghata===<br />
The Nanda Ghata is situated on the banks of the sacred river [[Yamuna]]. The Ghata (Riverbank) is related to the rescue of Nanda's abduction by the [[asura]] of [[Varuna]], while Nanda was taking a bath in the holy river, [[Yamuna]].<ref name="Trilochan Dash">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YjhTtkcwE0C&dq=king+nanda+krishna&pg=PA218 | title=Krishna Leeela in Brajamandal a Retrospect | publisher=Saudamini Dash | author=Trilochan Dash | year=2012 | pages=211}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
*[[Parjanya Maharaja|Parjanya]]<br />
*[[Yashoda]]<br />
*[[Vasudeva]]<br />
* [[Vrishabhanu]]<br />
* [[Krishna]]<br />
* [[Balarama]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
*'' Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend'' ({{ISBN|0-500-51088-1}}) by Anna Dallapiccola<br />
<br />
{{HinduMythology}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanda (Mythology)}}<br />
[[Category:People related to Krishna]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhaswar_Chatterjee&diff=491018Bhaswar Chatterjee2026-04-06T17:10:43Z<p>Julipfz: Started!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actor (born 1975)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Bhaswar Chatterjee<br />
| image = Bhaswar Chattopadhyay.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Chatterjee in 2012<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1975|03|08}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]<br>{{small|(present-day [[Kolkata]])}}<br />
| known_for = Playing [[Batukeshwar Dutt]] in ''[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]'' (2002)<br />
| height = <br />
| mother = Aparna Chatterjee (Late)<br />
| father = Nripen Chatterjee<br />
| education = Graduated in bio-science<br />
| alma_mater = [[Ashutosh College]]<br>[[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]]<br>[[South Point School]]<br />
| occupation = [[Actor]]<br />
| years_active = 1998–present<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|''Nabamita Chatterjee''|2014|2020|end=divorce}}<br />
| relatives = ''Bheemchandra Chatterjee'' (great grandfather)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Bhaswar Chatterjee''' (born 8 March 1975) is a Bengali film and television actor.<ref name="Bhaswar Chatterjee actor">{{cite web |title=Bhaswar Chatterjee actor |url=http://www.tollyworld.com/index.php?option=com_artist&controller=artist&task=displaydetails&cid[0]=43&Itemid=91 |publisher=Tolly World|access-date=10 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623051350/http://www.tollyworld.com/index.php?option=com_artist&controller=artist&task=displaydetails&cid |archive-date=2013-06-23|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Bhaswar Chattopadhyay filmography">{{cite web|title=Bhaswar Chattopadhyay filmography|url=http://www.gomolo.com/about-bhaswar-chattopadhyay/219|publisher=Gomolo|access-date=10 November 2012}}</ref> He attended high school at [[South Point School]] and graduated in bioscience from [[Asutosh College]]. Before getting his first job in [[GlaxoSmithKline]] Pharmaceuticals in 1996, he obtained a diploma in marketing and sales management from [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]].<br />
<br />
In 1998, his first appearance on television was in ''Jaltaranga'' followed by Bishnu Pal Chowdhury's ''Kanakanjali''. Chatterjee established himself in the [[Bollywood]] industry with ''[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]'' in 2002 by playing [[Batukeshwar Dutt]], and with the daily soap ''Janmobhumi'' in 2003. {{As of|2020}}, he has appeared in 125 daily soaps and a total of 111 serials in the Bengali language.<br />
<br />
He was a member of [[Central Board of Film Certification|Indian censor board]] from 2014 to 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganguly |first1=Ruman |title=Are Bhaswar and Nabamita headed for a split? - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/are-bhaswar-and-nabamita-headed-for-a-split/articleshow/71660321.cms |work=The Times of India |date=19 October 2019 |quote=But, we were only friends at that time. Then, in 2013, I joined the Censor Board ... |language=en}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2021|reason=News item barely mentions Censor Board. See [[WP:SIGCOV]] re sources needing to contain more than a trivial mention.}}<br />
Bhaswar is a writer too,till date he has 14 novels to his credit.Some of the best sellers are Onyo Upotyaka,Maharani Didda,Shrikanto Manjiler Rahasya,Kacher Swargo for which he was awarded Samaresh Majumdar Sahitya Samman in 2025.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
He was a student of [[South Point School]] for his high school years, and graduated in bioscience from [[Asutosh College]].{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Before getting his first job in GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals in 1996, he obtained a diploma in marketing and sales management from [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=ভট্টাচার্য |first1=স্বরলিপি |title='পুরস্কারের জন্য আমি কাউকে বোতল দিতে পারব না' |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/celebrity-interview-actor-bhaswar-chatterjee-makes-explosive-comments-about-tollywood-dgtlx-1.793159 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=8 May 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Family==<br />
Bhaswar's great grandfather, the late Bhimchandra Chatterjee, though an electrical engineer, was the architect of the Benares Hindu university (on insistence of the late Madan Mohan Malviya). His ''Elements of applied electricity'' books were in circulation a few years back. He was the Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Benaras Hindu University in 1936.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Bhim Chandra |title=The Elements of Applied Electricity |date=1931 |publisher=Ravindra Narayan Chatterjee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=br1nkgAACAAJ |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Though he belongs to a family of four generations of engineers, he always wanted to be an actor. Probably his acting genes comes from his mother's side whose uncle Devi Mukherjee was a star actor in the 1940s.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}}<br />
<br />
==Filmography and television==<br />
Some of the major films he acted were The Legend of Bhagat Singh,Aalo,Ballygunge Court,Aamar Prithibi,Royal Bengal Rahasya,Jekhane Bhooter Bhoy,Onyo Opaala and Mahalaya.Superhit daily soaps featuring Chattopadhyay which garnered high "TRPs"{{efn|TRPs are [[TV rating point|"Television Ratings Point]]s", a viewing audience metric used in India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=India Today Web Desk |title=What is TRP and how it is calculated: Check here |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/what-is-trp-and-how-it-is-calculated-check-here-1729909-2020-10-09 |access-date=31 October 2021 |work=India Today |date=9 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref>}} (ratings) are ''[[Joy Baba Loknath]]'',<ref>{{cite news|title=ধারাবাহিকে লোকনাথ ব্রহ্মচারীর ভূমিকায় এবার ভাস্বর |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/actor-bhaswar-chatterjee-as-lokenath-brahmachari-in-zee-bangla-serial-jai-baba-lokenath-159720/|work=Indian Express Bangla |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date=11 November 2019|language=bn-IN}}</ref> ''[[Shree Krishna Bhakto Meera]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=সংবাদদাতা |first1=নিজস্ব |title=Krishna Bhakta Mira: ভাস্বর এ বার রাজ পুরোহিত ভৈরবনাথ, চরিত্রের স্বার্থে মাথা মুড়িয়ে ফেললেন? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/bhaswar-chatterjee-is-in-new-character-in-new-mega-krishna-bhakta-mira-dgtl/cid/1291049 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=5 July 2021}}</ref> as well as:{{hlist|''Janmobhumi'' |''Ek Akasher Niche'' |''Sonar Horin'' |''[[Maa....Tomay Chara Ghum Ashena]]'' (''Maa'') |[[Agnipariksha (2009 TV series)|''Agnipariksha'']] | [[Ishti Kutum]] |Keya Patar Nouko |''Bhakter Bhogobaan Shri Krishna'' |''O m Sai Ram'' |''[[Binni Dhaner Khoi]]'' |''[[Kache Aye Shoi]]'' |''[[Potol Kumar Gaanwala]]'' |''[[Karunamoyee Rani Rashmoni]]'' <br />
|''[[Advocate Anjali Awasthi]]''<br />
|''Professor Bidya Banerjee''}}which is being aired on Star Plus.<br />
<br />
==OTT==<br />
Bhaswar also is being active on ott platforms like Hoichoi, he did the successful [[Paap]] season 1&2 and Six and The Adventures of Gogol for Addatimes. His next ott release is Roktokarobi for [[Zee5]] streaming from 3 February. Bhaswar played Ajit for the super successful Byomkesh O Pinjrapol for Hoichoi. He worked in season 2 of the web series ''[[Sampurna (TV series)|Sampurna]]''. On 20 April his first Hindi Webseries Tooth Pari When love bites started streaming on [[Netflix]].<br />
<br />
===Films===<br />
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br />
*''[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]'' (2002)<br />
*''[[Alo (film)|Alo]]'' (2003)<br />
*''[[Raj Mahal]]'' (2005)<br />
*''Rabibarer Bikalbel'' (2006)<br />
*''[[Shakal Sandhya]]'' (2006)<br />
*''[[Ballygunge Court]]'' (2007)<br />
*''Krishnakanter Will'' (2007)<br />
*''Ratbhor'' (2007)<br />
*''Blood'' (2008)<br />
*''[[Chirosathi]]'' (2008)<br />
*''[[Eti (film)|Eti]]'' (2008)<br />
*''[[Takkar (2008 film)|Takkar]]'' (2008)<br />
*''[[Royal Bengal Rahasya (film)|Royal Bengal Rahasya]]'' (2011)<br />
*''Teen Tanaya'' (2011)<br />
*''[[Chupkatha]]'' (2012)<br />
*''[[Jekhane Bhooter Bhoy]]'' (2012)<br />
*''Shudhu Tomake Chai'' (2012)<br />
*''[[Namte Namte]]'' (2013)<br />
*''[[Bhoot Bhooturey Samuddurey]]'' (2014)<br />
*''[[Gogoler Kirti]]'' (2014)<br />
*''[[Abby Sen]]'' (2015)<br />
*''Amar Prithivi'' (2015)<br />
*''Bhrasto Taara'' (2015)<br />
*''Binodoner Du Adhyay'' (2015)<br />
*''Goraa'' (2015)<br />
*''Onnyo Apola'' (2015)<br />
*''Manabpremi Mahapurush'' (2016)<br />
*''Adhunik'' (2017)<br />
*''[[Comrade (2017 film)|Comrade]]'' (2017)<br />
*''Tumi Robe Nirobe'' (2017)<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:কাল মুক্তি পাচ্ছে তিন ছবি |trans-title=Three pictures will be released tomorrow |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF |work=Prothom Alo |date=3 May 2017 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
*''[[Ahaa Re|Aha Re]]'' (2019)<br />
*''Bobbyr Bondhura'' (2019)<br />
*''[[Mahalaya (film)|Mahalaya]]'' (2019)<br />
*''Micchil'' (2020)<ref>{{cite news |title=Basabdatta Chatterjee in a political thriller 'Michil' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/basabdatta-chatterjee-in-a-political-thriller-michil/articleshow/68152965.cms |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
*''Mahanagar theke Doore'' (2023)<br />
*''Naishabdo'' (2024)<br />
*''Amar Labongolata'' (2024)<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
*''[[Ek Akasher Niche]]'' (2002-2005)<br />
*''[[Agnipariksha (2009 TV series)|Agnipariksha]]'' (2008)<br />
*''[[Maa....Tomay Chara Ghum Ashena]]'' (Maa) (2009-2014)<br />
*''[[Potol Kumar Gaanwala]]'' (2015-2017)<br />
*''[[Jai Kali Kalkattawali]]'' (2017-2019)<br />
*''[[Binni Dhaner Khoi]]'' (2009)<br />
*''[[Ishti Kutum]]'' (2011 - 2015)<br />
*''Keya Patar Nouko'' (2011)<br />
*''[[Kache Aye Shoi]]'' (2012)<br />
*''Bhakter Bhagaban Shri Krishna'' (2017)<br />
*''[[Karunamoyee Rani Rashmoni]]'' (2019-2021)<br />
*''[[Joy Baba Loknath]]'' (2019)<br />
*''[[Shree Krishna Bhakto Meera]]'' (2021)<br />
*''[[Gouri Elo]]'' (2022)<br />
*''[[Godhuli Alap]]'' (2022)<br />
*''[[Geeta LL.B]]'' (2023-2025)<br />
*''[[Jogomaya]]'' (2024)<br />
*''[[Advocate Anjali Awasthi]]'' (2024-present)<br />
*''Professor Bidya Banerjee'' (2025-present)<br />
*''Besh Korechi Prem Korechi'' (2025-2026)<br />
<br />
==Philanthropy==<br />
Bhaswar Chatterjee runs an NGO, "Aparna Foundation" in his mother's name, which assists the poor and needy. The foundation started collecting used clothes and accessories and distributed them to different parts of Kolkata and its outskirts. Later in 2021 during pandemic, it worked extensively in Kolkata where it fed the pavement dwellers for continuous 22 days along with Puri, Katra and specially Kashmir.The Ngo supplied a month’s ration to ghorawalas and pitthuwalas of Vaishnodevi Temple, to the houseboat caretakers in Srinagar, helped in marriage of a Kashmiri girl, build a house for a poor family. It also helps a number of girl children with studies in Kashmir.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ruman |first1=Ganguly |title=Bhaswar Chatterjee is helping feed the poor during the lockdown - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/bhaswar-chatterjee-is-helping-feed-the-poor-during-the-lockdown/articleshow/83006714.cms |work=The Times of India |date=27 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|1569756}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chatterjee, Bhaswar}}<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Bengali cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Asutosh College alumni]]<br />
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]<br />
[[Category:1975 births]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kolangal_(TV_series)&diff=458368Kolangal (TV series)2026-03-25T10:25:40Z<p>Julipfz: minor correct intro as per guidelines further and corrected details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Tamil-language Television Serial}}<br />
{{Unreliable sources|date=September 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = Kolangaltvseries.jpg<br />
| caption =<br />
| genre = [[Soap opera]]<br />
| creator = Devi Bala<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=13588&id1=4&issue=20180504 |title=38 Serial 15000 Episodes |publisher=Kungumam |date=4 May 2018 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref><br />
| based_on = <br />
| story = [[V. Thiruselvam]]<br />
| screenplay = [[V. Thiruselvam]]<br />'''Dialogues'''<br />Baskar Sakthi, V.Thiruselvam, V. Srinivasan<br />
| creative_director = Balasubramaniam Srinivasan<br />
| director = [[V. Thiruselvam]]<br />
| starring = <br />
{{Plainlist|<br />
*[[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]]<br />
*[[Deepa Venkat]]<br />
*Ajay Kapoor<br />
}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| num_seasons = 7<br />
| num_episodes = 1533<br />
| company = [[Vikatan Televistas]]<br />
| open_theme = "Kolangal Kolangal Azhagana Kolangal" <br /> [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] (Vocals)<br />
| theme_music_composer = [[D. Imman]]<br />
| composer = "Background Music"<br />[[D. Imman]]<br />
| cinematography = Phillips S. Vijayakumar<br />
| editor = Sasi K. Basanth<br />G. V. Rajan<br />B. Chandru<br />S. Neilston<br />
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br />
| runtime = approx. 13–22 minutes<br />
| channel = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]<br />
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2003|11|24}}<br />
| last_aired = {{End date|df=y|2009|12|4}}<br />
| related = [[Maayke Se Bandhi Dor]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Kolangal''''' ({{translation| [[Rangoli|The Patterns]]}}) is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil-language]] [[soap opera]]. It aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] from 24 November 2003 to 4 December 2009 for 1,533 episodes.<br />
<br />
It starred [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] in the lead role along with [[Deepa Venkat]], [[V. Thiruselvam]], Ajay Kapoor. Other cast included [[Mohan Sharma]], [[Sathyapriya]], [[Abhishek Shankar]], [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]], [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]], [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]], Srividya Mohan, Manjari Vinodhini, [[Kuyili (actress)|Kuyili]], [[Bombay Gnanam]], Dwarakish Giri, Auditor Sridhar, [[Joker Thulasi]], Bharathi, [[Bharathi (Tamil actress)|Bharathi]] [[Neelima Rani]], [[Devadarshini]], Priyadarshini and [[Dhivyadharshini]]. It was remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Maayke Se Bandhi Dor]]'', which aired on [[StarPlus]].The show was retelecasted at the same channel from February 9, 2026, at 10:30 AM.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
The story mainly revolves abound Abi and her life which changes due to the people around her. Abi is a hard-working, ambitious woman with strong beliefs, and Aditya is her business rival and half brother. Abi with her mother, Karpagam, maternal uncle, two sisters, Anandhi and Aarthi, and brother, Manohar, leads a healthy life though she tries to keep herself happy because she has had a dark past.<br />
<br />
Her father had abandoned her family and married another woman, Kanchana, the mother of Aditya, and has settled as a business tycoon. Abi initially marries Bhaskar but the relationship becomes abusive. Her mother-in-law, Alamelu tortures her constantly. Eventually, Aadhi lures all Abi's close family members and turns all her family members against her.<br />
<br />
Abi divorces her husband and starts a new life. She starts a new company but is given competition by her stepbrother Aditya Eeswaramoorthy whom he considers as her as sworn rival. Abi escapes from her brother's tortures and puts an end to his injustice.<br />
<br />
In the last scene, Abi with the help of her good friend Tholkappiyan leads a peaceful and hermit life. Abi starts to help an orphanage, thereby ending what she couldn't do to help herself, and wishes to be dear among the orphans even though they are not known to them. She leads a victorious life with the help of 2 friends, Tholkappiyan (Thols) and Usha, Aadhi's wife.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvshows.sulekha.com/kolangal_on_sun-tv_home.htm#moreinfo|title=Kolangal Overview|website=tv shows.sulekha.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
===Main===<br />
* [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] as Abinaya "Abi": Baskar's ex-wife. <br />
* Ajay Kapoor as Adithya "Aadhi" Eshwaramoorthy: Eshwaramoorthy and Kanchana's first son and Arjun & Anjali's brother <br />
* [[V. Thiruselvam]] as Tholkappiyan "Thols" (Dileepan) Abi & Usha's friend and Menaka's brother<br />
<br />
===Recurring===<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Deepa Venkat]] as Usha: Abi and Tholkappiyan's best friend/well wisher, Adithya's wife<br />
* [[Mohan Sharma]] as Eshwaramoorthy: Karpagam and Kanchana's Husband<br />
* Bharathi as Kanchana Eshwaramoorthy (Aadhi, Arjun and Anjali's mother; Anu's stepmother; Eshwaramoorthy's 2nd wife) (206-1526)<br />
* [[Sathyapriya]] as Karpagam Eshwaramoorthy: (Abi, Aarthi, Anandhi and Mano's mother; Eshwaramoorthy's 1st wife) (01-1533)<br />
* Manjari Vinodhini (01-788)(976-1506)/ Supriya (829-922) as Anandhi Karthik (Karpagam's 2nd daughter)<br />
* Srividya Mohan as Aarthi Rajesh (Karpagam's 3rd daughter and Rajesh's wife) (01-1533)<br />
* [[Abhishek Shankar]] as Baskar Narayanan: (Abhinaya's ex-husband and Sangeetha's husband, suicides at the end) (02-1530)<br />
* [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]] as Alamelu Narayanan: (Abi's greedy and money-minded ex-mother-in-law. Narayanan's wife. Seetha, Baskar and Vidya's mother) (03-1530)<br />
* [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as Narayanan (Alamelu's husband. Seetha, Baskar and Vidya's father, a kind-hearted man who always wanted Abi to live with Baskar) (03-601)<br />
* [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] as Seethalakshmi "Seetha" Rajaram, Alamelu and Narayanan's eldest daughter. Bhaskar's sister.<br />
* [[Poornima Indrajith]] as Dual Role - Meenu alais (Menaka) or Menaka Madhubalakrishnan<br />
**Menaka - a dynamic American multi-millionaire businesswomen & Tholkappiyan's younger sister who allies with Aadhi to do a satellite project<br />
**Chellamma - Tholkappiyan and Menaka's mother who dies in Kerala after trying to escape from a rich womanizer<br />
* Giri Dwarakish as Giriprakash "Giri", Aditya's Personal Assistant cum Supervisor of Aditya Builders<br />
* S.Kavitha as Sangeetha Baskaran, Bhaskar's second wife. <br />
* Kalpana Shree as Malayamma alais Shanthi (16-988) (Tholkappiyan's well wisher and Angusamy's wife)<br />
* Mouli as Angusamy (Tholkappiyan's friend)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Other Cast===<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* Sreedharan Gopal (V. G. Sreedharan) as Manohar Eshwaramoorthy (Karpagam's son and Anu's husband) (01-1533)<br />
* Nisha Ajay (278-394)/Deepa Narendra (436-1532) as Anu Manohar<br />
* Shraddha Viswanath (278-636)/[[Dhivyadharshini]] (638-805)/C. Akilandeswari (834-1456) as Anjalidevi "Anjali" Kishore <br />
* [[Tinku (actor)|Tinku]] (278-1377)/Franklin (1396-1445) as Arjun Krishna "Arjun" Eshwaramoorthy Kanchana and Eshwaramoorthy's 2nd son (killed by Adhi)<br />
* [[Neelima Rani]] as Rekha Arjun (Arjun's Wife; killed by Adhi)<br />
* [[Bombay Gnanam]] as Padhmavathi, (Aditya's grandmother; killed by Adhi). <br />
* Shyam Viswanathan as Rajeshkumar "Rajesh" (Aarthi and Sundari's husband; a drunkard)<br />
* Vijaya Raj as Rajendran (Abi's Uncle)<br />
* Vishwa as Karthikeyan "Karthik" Dhandayudhapani (Anandhi's husband and Sujatha's brother)<br />
* Prasanna Ravi (3-59)/Preethi Sanjeev (65-459)/[[Priyadharshini]] (487-1299)/Unknown (1299-1530) as Vidhya Ramesh<br />
* K. Prabhakar/S. Kamesh Kumar as Ramesh Kumar "Ramesh"<br />
* [[Ponvannan]] (8-115) / Balaji as Rajaraman<br />
* Sheela/Geetha Ravishankar as Ambika Gopinath (Usha's mother)<br />
* Devaraj as Gopinath (Usha's father)<br />
* [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]] (9-684)/Kuyili as Saradha Thiruvenkadam <br />
* Ramachandran Mahalingam as Thiruvenkadam (09-1533)<br />
*Thozhar. La. Ve. Aadhavan as Thozhar Balakrishnan<br />
* Nagarani as Lakshmi/Kala (Karuna's wife)<br />
* Karnan as Karunakaran "Karuna" (Kala's husband)<br />
* Bhavana (42-104)/ [[Devadarshini]] as Sujatha (Karthik's elder sister) (105-464)<br />
* Shathiga as young Meenu (Menaka)<br />
* A. Thamizh Kumaran (512-1070)/Rangadhurai (1343-1452)/Bharathi Kannan as Minister Sankara "Sangu" Pandiyan <br />
* Subramanian as Thillairajan 'Thilla'<br />
* Pooja (117-749)/Sujitha "Suji" as Chandrakala "Chandra" Sathish<br />
* Balaji (9-41)/Dev Anand as Sathishkumar "Sathish" Thiruvenkadam (Abi's cousin)<br />
* Revathi Priya as (Priya) Sumathi Mahesh (Abi's cousin) (09-1533)<br />
* Vijayasarathy as Bharathi (Anandhi's friend)<br />
* Sampathkumaran Sridharan (Auditor Sridhar) as Viswanathan (Abi's boss)<br />
* [[Joker Thulasi]] as Krishnan<br />
* Bobby Bedi (554-686)/G. V. Vijesh as Kishore Ganesh Neeraj (Anjali's husband)<br />
* [[T. S. Raghavendra]] as Church Father Rafael<br />
* Ziaudeen as Dr. Maheshkumar "Mahesh" (Sumathi's husband)<br />
* K. R. Rangamma as Balakrishnan's mother<br />
* Revathi Shankar/Anjalidevi (photograph) (912)/Revathi Shankar as Maragatham Viswanathan <br />
* [[Sabitha Anand]] as Thailambal Thirumalachary, Ganga's mother.<br />
* Rajasekhar as Thirumalachary, Ganga's father<br />
* [[Keerthana (Tamil actress)|Keerthana]] as Uma Ramachandran, Ganga's elder sister<br />
* [[Chandra Lakshman]] as Ganga <br />
* Aarthika Shree as Vasuki: Ganga's younger sister<br />
* Srilekha Rajendran as Valli <br />
* Lakshmi Prasanna as Mahesh's Mother<br />
* [[Shanmugasundari]] as Rajaram's mother <br />
* Sujatha Panju as Nangai<br />
* [[Dheena Chandra Dhas]] as Aarthi's Boss <br />
* Preethi Menon Dayana (Preethi V.) as Thamizhselvi <br />
* Gokul Thilak as Sakthi<br />
* S. T. P. Rosary as Kathir<br />
* [[Siva Narayana Murthy|Pattukottai Sivanarayana Moorthy]] as Abi's former house owner<br />
* Birla Bose as Gopinath, sub-inspector/Prabhu, police inspector<br />
* Iniya as Kalaivani <br />
* C. N. Ravi Shankar as Velu Karthik's friend<br />
* Raviraj as Business man (Ganga's part time business boss)<br />
* [[Ennathe Kannaiah]] as Kannaiah (Photographer) <br />
* [[Thideer Kannaiah]] as a marriage broker<br />
* [[K. Natraj]] as Antony<br />
* [[Kovi. Manisekaran]] as Dasaiya<br />
* Nesan Nepolean as Raghu (Bhaskar friend)<br />
* Giridhar Thirumalachary (Giridaran) as a psychiatrist <br />
* B.Jayalakshmi as Arundhathi<br />
* [[Mohan Vaidya (singer)|Mohan Vaidya]] as Temple priest (Arundhathi's father)<br />
* Kulothunga Cholan as Kulothunga Cholan (Detective)<br />
* Vanaja as Jaya Chithra (Kulothunga Cholan's assistant)<br />
* Sathish as Vivekanandhan (Kulothunga Cholan's assistant)<br />
* V. Nagarani as V. Nagarani (HOPE Special School Trustee)<br />
* Veera Srinivasan (K. Veera) as doctor (88)/engineer (329 and 423)<br />
* [[Yugendran]] as Sivadas<br />
* Oorvambu Lakshmi as Annapoorani (Sivadas's wife)<br />
* Suhasini as Geetha <br />
* [[Imman Annachi]] as Anwar<br />
* G. Narendra as Upendra <br />
* Nagalakshmi as Kala, Rajesh's sister-in-law<br />
* Kalaivani as Kalaivani, Office Staff<br />
* Anuradha as Rajamani Kandhasamy, Ganga's boss<br />
* Samson T. Wilson as Ranjan<br />
* V. Ravichandran ("Apollo" Ravi) as Ravi (Menaka's personal assistant)<br />
* Jayashree as Jennifer "Jenni" (Menaka's personal assistant)<br />
* [[Deepa Shankar]] as Sundhari Rajesh, Rajesh's second wife, Kala's sister<br />
* K. Thangamani Prabhu as Murali<br />
* Shabnam as Vasundhara Murali<br />
* Sumathi Shree as Manjula<br />
* Sivadhaanu as Muthappa:Office Pune<br />
* Priyanka as Sarasu (Nair's wife)<br />
* Premi as Kala, Aarthi's mother-in-law<br />
* Sneha Nambiar as Ranjani, Bhaskar's ex-fiancé<br />
* K. Narmadha as Chithra (Karthik's younger sister)<br />
* Kamalesh as Shankar <br />
* [[Gandhimathi]] as Sundara Vadivu, Narayanan's sister<br />
* [[Black Pandi]] as Kannan<br />
* Boby Bilal as Prithvi<br />
* Bhavya Kala as Sandhiya<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
===Casting===<br />
V. Thiruselvam had some casting choices for the female lead, but B. Srinivasan preferred to cast a film artist for the female lead as he had already informed [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]].<br />
<br />
Actress [[Soundarya]] was first approached to do the female lead. Although she was interested, she was unable to join the crew due to her 2-years contract with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] to support them during election campaign.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUL7orD0rZQ |title=Rajinikanth asked me to Narrate a Script after Watching Kolangal Serial - Director Thiruselvam Interview |via=[[YouTube]] |date=23 November 2019 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref> Then [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] was suggested for the female lead by the production side to the director to which he had agreed as she would perfectly fit into the character and she was already acting in films. Initially Devayani had some issues over the terms and conditions agreement with the production side, as a result she almost opted out of this series.<br />
<br />
As a result of even considering [[Kausalya (actress)|Kousalya]] to do the female lead from the production side. But, [[Sathyapriya]] who was signed to play the mother of the female lead (Abinaya) managed to convince Devayani to play the female lead in this series and sorted out the misunderstanding between her and the production side. Apart from such issues, Devayani was very interested after listening to the script from her husband [[Rajakumaran (director)|Rajakumaran]] to whom the director had already narrated and he had also praised the director. So, she signed to play the female lead Abinaya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUL7orD0rZQ |title=Rajinikanth asked me to Narrate a Script after Watching Kolangal Serial - Director Thiruselvam Interview |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=23 November 2019 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oo4dIVz79y4 |title=There will be Boredom in Serials - Thiruselvam |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=15 November 2019 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QiyT5P-vZ-Q |title=Ajith is the most handsome hero, Kolangal could be telecasted even for 10 years! |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=20 October 2018 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_5cYsduJNs |title=Thalapathy Vijay Growth From Friends to Sarkar: Devayani Interview Ezhumin Tamil Movie |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=21 October 2018 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHg-SRL6Mb4 |title=My Family suffered because of me - Devayani Emotional Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal - Zee Thamizh |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=12 March 2018 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNb63tneZEc |title=Exclusive - "Ajith talks a lot! Vijay doesn't talk" - Sathyapriya Part 3 RWR |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=8 May 2021 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref> Devayani made her acting debut in television with this series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VWLtFGZiwA |title=I am the Leader of Vadivelu Fans Association - Devayani Exclusive Interview 17 Years Of Kolangal |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=28 February 2021 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref> Actress & Dubbing artist Deepa Venkat who is very well known for playing supporting roles in many serials & movies & lead roles in few serials was signed to play the female lead Usha.<br />
<br />
Besides Manjari Vinodhini, [[Abhishek Shankar]], Ajay Kapoor, [[Poornima Indrajith]], [[Chandra Lakshman]], [[Devadarshini]], Kalpana Shree, [[Sathyapriya]], [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]], [[Mohan Sharma]], [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]], [[Viji Chandrasekhar]], [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]], Srilekha Rajendran, [[Kuyili (actress)|Kuyili]], [[Bombay Gnanam]], [[Shanmugasundari]], Vijayasarathy, Vishwa, [[Yugendran]], [[Ponvannan]], [[Giri Dwarakish]], Vijayaraj, Auditor Sridhar, Ramachandran, [[Joker Thulasi]], Thozhar. La. Ve. Aadhavan, Sreedharan Gopal, Srividya, Revathi Priya, Pooja, Geetha Ravishankar, Bharathi, Keerthana, Preethi Sanjeev, Zia, Shyam Viswanathan, Devaraj, Deepa Narendra, [[Tinku (actor)|Tinku]], [[Divyadarshini]], Akila, Dev Anand, [[Neelima Rani]], G. V. Vijesh and many other artists were cast and introduced in this series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PsObb26Hzc |title=People used to say, "Whenever we speak with you we feel like speaking with Nayanthara"! - Deepa Venkat |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=13 April 2019 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/121944-waiting-for-reentry-serial-actress-manjari |title=Earlier I used to be Fat.. No I have become Slim..! - Serial Fame Manjari |publisher=[[Vikatan]] |date=12 April 2018 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kll3tZHfUII |title=Mysskin made me to stand in underwear - Abhishek Shankar - Ennai Arindhal Episode 39 - Aadhan Cinema |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=7 October 2020 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnGcw1shPNw |title=Ladies came to Attack me! - Kolangal Aadhi |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=28 July 2019 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y10Al9l1MNw |title=Suriya & Karthi in Ayyappanum Koshiyum Remake - Prithviraj's Sister-in-law Poornima Indrajith Reveals! |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=14 June 2020 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-oOMFnBlAQ |title=Everyone thought that Me and Prajin going to get Married - Kadhalikka Neramillai Chandra Lakshman |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=28 May 2019 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oX4xyhqJaYc |title=Kolangal Premiere Invitation: Devadarshini #VikatanPrimeTime |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=24 November 2018 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sathyapriya-is-back-in-business/article17407726.ece |title=Baasha's Amma Returns |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 March 2017 |access-date=29 April 2021|last1=Anantharam |first1=Chitra Deepa }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8EO3AoPaAs |title=Actress Nalini Goes Exclusive on Her Serial Journey Interview |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=19 October 2014 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Grill-Mill-Mohan-Sharma/article16342417.ece |title=Grill Mill - Mohan Sharma |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=1 April 2010 |access-date=29 April 2021|last1=Kumar |first1=S. R. Ashok }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4R59hbYJoXc |title=When Priyamanaval Serial will End?: Subhalekha Sudhakar Interview Sun TV, Krishnan, SP Shailaja |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=2 March 2019 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/women-power-creating-a-niche-in-tamil-theatre/article3425243.ece |title=Women Power: Creating a niche in Tamil Theatre |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=1 May 2012 |access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/74808-sun-tv-achor-vijay-sarathy-interview |title=How Neengal Ketta Padal fame Vijayasarathy became an Auto driver in Saithan? #VikatanExclusive |publisher=[[Vikatan]] |date=13 December 2016 |access-date=7 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://antrukandamugam.wordpress.com/2019/11/04/ponvannan-actor-director-painter/ |title=Ponvannan [Actor, Director, Painter] |publisher=Antru Kanda Mugam | date=4 November 2019 |access-date=7 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vikatan.com/oddities/women/55706--2 |title=Cable Galatta |publisher=[[Vikatan]] |date=20 November 2009 |access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZucOxmCcTMQ |title=Kolangal Fame - Sreedharan Gopal Exclusive Interview |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=25 October 2020 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2011/may/11/young-bold-and-daring-srividya-252257.html |title=Young, Bold and Daring: Srividya |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=11 May 2011 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/raaja-paarvai-actress-turned-news-anchor-revathy-priya-all-excited-about-her-comeback/articleshow/81632275.cms |title=Raaja Paarvai: Actress-turned-news anchor Revathy Priya all excited about her comeback |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 March 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/serial-actor-shyam-turns-singer |title=Serial Actor has now become a Singer... Shyam shares his experience of singing in Yuvan's music |publisher=[[Vikatan]] |date=13 November 2019 |access-date=9 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://yarlputhinam.com/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D/ |title=Vijay TV fame DD in Sun TV serial - When did she at in that serial |publisher=YarlPuthinam |date=13 March 2021 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/157097-actress-akila-talks-about-her-career |title=14 Year Experience... I become anxious when it's personal"! - "Arundhathi" Akila |publisher=[[Vikatan]] |date=10 May 2019 |access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-actress-neelima-rani-dedicates-a-romantic-note-to-hubby-esai-vanan/articleshow/65670106.cms |title=TV Actress Neelima Rani dedicates a romantic note to hubby Esai Vanan |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 September 2018 |access-date=9 May 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
Along with writing story, screenplay and directing the series, V. Thiruselvam was also cast as the male lead Tholkappiyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIwk4UYdtxA |title=The Story I narrated to Rajini in 10 minutes - Director Thiruselvam Part 3 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jijUzCTX6Qg |title='Thols' Kolangal Premiere Invitation: Thiruselvam #VikatanPrimeTime |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=24 November 2018 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Filming===<br />
The series was filmed in [[Chennai]], [[Kodaikanal]], [[Palani]], [[Theni|Thambirankanal]], [[Koranattukarupur]], [[Thiruvidaimarudur]], [[Rameswaram]], [[Thangachimadam]], [[Dhanushkodi]], [[Kolli Malai]], [[Namakkal|Ponkurichi]], [[Tirunelveli]], [[Sundarapandiapuram]], [[Courtallam]], [[Chengalpattu]], [[Walajapet]], [[Yercaud]], [[Tirukoilur]], [[Mamallapuram]], [[Kanchipuram]], [[Porur]], [[Poonamallee]], [[Poonamallee|Karayanchavadi]], [[Thiruverkadu]], [[Thiruverkadu|Velappanchavadi]], [[Tambaram]], [[Pallavaram]], [[Covelong]], [[Kanchipuram|Panaiyur]], [[Avadi]], [[Parangimalai]], [[Kovur, Chennai|Kovur]], [[Injambakkam]], [[Nerkundram]], [[Madambakkam]], [[Kanchipuram|Amarambedu]], [[Sriperumbudur]], [[Thiruperumbudur]], [[Kundrathur]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[Kochi]], [[Alappuzha]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Ernakulam|Perandoor]], [[Thammanam]], [[Bangalore]], [[Manchanabele]], [[Mysore]], [[Magadi]] and [[Bangarupalem mandal|Bangarupalem]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIwk4UYdtxA |title=The Story I narrated to Rajini in 10 minutes - Director Thiruselvam Part 3 |publisher=YouTube |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
{| class="wikitable" <br />
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Recipient !! Role !! Result<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" | 2005<br />
| Pace Awards<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/News/News30/19-9-05/tamil-movies-news-devayani.html |title=Devayani receives the Best Actress Award |website=Behindwoods |date=19 September 2005 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref><br />
| Best Television Actress <br />
| [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]]<br />
| Abinaya <br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Mylapore Academy Awards<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=4090173 |title=Devayani receives the Best Television Actress Award at the Annual Mylapore Academy Awards |publisher=[[The Hindu|The Hindu Images]] |date=2 January 2005 |access-date=15 March 2021}}</ref><br />
| Best Actress<br />
| Devayani<br />
| Abinaya<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Galatta Nakshatra Awards<br />
| Best Friend Female<br />
| [[Deepa Venkat]]<br />
| Usha<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | Film Fans Association Awards<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/film-fans-association-honours-artistes-technicians/article3077342.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926074058/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/film-fans-association-honours-artistes-technicians/article3077342.ece |archive-date=2014-09-26 |title=Film Fans Association honours Artistes, Technicians |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=18 September 2006 |access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref><br />
| Best TV Serial Supporting Actor<br />
| [[Abhishek Shankar]]<br />
| Baskar<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best TV Serial Villain<br />
| Ajay Kapoor<br />
| Aadhithya<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2006<br />
| rowspan="3" | Tamil Nadu State Television Awards<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/specials/07-tn-awards-kushboo-best-small-screen-heroine.html |title=Best Actress-Khushbhu: Serial-Selvi: Supporting Actress: Devipriya |publisher=FilmiBeat |date=7 June 2008 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref><br />
| Best Villain Male<br />
| Ajay Kapoor<br />
| Aadhithya<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Achiever<br />
| V. Thiruselvam<br />
| Tholkappiyan<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Music Director<br />
| Kiran<br />
|<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2007<br />
| rowspan="3" | Tamil Nadu State Television Awards<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/latest-news/2011/jan/25/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF-302800.html |title=Tamil Nadu State Television Awards Announced: Best Actress Devayani |website=[[Dinamani]] |date=20 September 2012 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref><br />
| Best Television Serial (First Prize)<br />
| Kolangal<br />
|<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Actress<br />
| Devayani<br />
| Abinaya<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Supporting Actress<br />
| [[Sathyapriya]]<br />
| Karpagam<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2008<br />
| rowspan="3" | Vivel Chinna Thirai Awards<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2009/nov/16/small-screen-wonders-104113.html |title=Small Screen Wonders |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=16 November 2009 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/2009/nov/19/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE-106677.html |title=Best TV Actress Radhika |publisher=[[Dinamani]] |date=20 September 2012 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref><br />
| Best Screenplay <br />
| V. Thiruselvam<br />
| Tholkappiyan<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Producer<br />
| B. Srinivasan<br />
|<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Actress<br />
| Devayani<br />
| Abinaya<br />
| {{Nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| Tamil Nadu State Television Awards<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/61100/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Tamilnadu-government-announced-tv-awards.htm |title=Tamil Nadu State Television Awards |publisher=[[Dinamalar]] |date=16 July 2017 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref><br />
| Best Story<br />
| V. Thiruselvam<br />P. R. Balasubramanian<br />(Devi Bala)<br />
| Tholkappiyan<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" | 2010 <br />
| rowspan="10" | [[Sun Kudumbam Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vikatan.com/humoursatire/38408--2 |title=TV Time!: World Record in the history of Serial! |publisher=[[Vikatan]] |date=21 April 2010 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vikatan.com/oddities/women/56304- |title=Cable Galatta! |publisher=[[Vikatan]] |date=7 May 2010 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref><br />
| Best Supporting Actor<br />
| V. Thiruselvam<br />
| Tholkappiyan<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Supporting Actress<br />
| [[Poornima Indrajith]]<br />
| Menaka/Chellamma<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Male Villain<br />
| Ajay Kapoor<br />
| Aadhithya<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Director<br />
| V. Thiruselvam<br />
| Tholkappiyan<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Director (Special Prize)<br />
| V. Thiruselvam<br />
| Tholkappiyan<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Screenwriter<br />
| V. Thiruselvam<br />
| Tholkappiyan<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sun Kudumbam Best Actress Award|Best Actress]]<br />
| Devayani<br />
| Abinaya <br />
| {{Nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Mother<br />
| [[Sathyapriya]]<br />
| Karpagam<br />
| {{Nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Father<br />
| [[Mohan Sharma]]<br />
| Eeswaramoorthy<br />
| {{Nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal|Best Mother-in-law]]<br />
| [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]<br />
| Alamelu<br />
| {{Nominated}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
''Kolangal'' was one of the highest-rated Indian and Tamil soap opera which garnered ratings ranging between 23 and 26 [[Television Viewer Rating|TVR]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 May 2005|title=How Maran helped Sun beat rivals|url=https://m.rediff.com/money/2005/may/04spec2.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118084147/https://m.rediff.com/money/2005/may/04spec2.htm|archive-date=18 November 2020|website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Sun TV shows}}<br />
{{Works by Vikatan Televistas}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]<br />
[[Category:2003 Tamil-language television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language workplace television series]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]<br />
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:2009 Tamil-language television series endings]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]<br />
[[Category:Television series by Vikatan Televistas]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaliachak_III&diff=547266Kaliachak III2026-03-25T08:05:45Z<p>Julipfz: fixed information also and added references after review</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Kaliachak III<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Community development block<br />
| image_skyline = File:Kaliachak-III in Malda (West Bengal).svg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|24.8402|N|87.9776|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} 87.9776<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malda district|Malda]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = [[Representative democracy]]<br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 127.37<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 359,071<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 732210<br />
| area_code_type = [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]]/ telephone code<br />
| area_code = 03512<br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Dakshin]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Baisnabnagar]]<br />
| website = {{URL|malda.nic.in/}} - District administration<br />
| footnotes = {{URL|http://bdokaliachak3.com/}} - Block development office<br />
}}<br />
'''Kaliachak III''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Malda Sadar subdivision]] of [[Malda district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Gauda and Pandua===<br />
[[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]] was once the “capital of the ancient bhukti or political division of Bengal known as [[Pundravardhana]] which lay on the eastern extremity of the [[Gupta Empire]].” During the rule of the [[Sena Dynasty]], in the 11th-12th century, Gauda was rebuilt and extended as Lakshmanawati (later Lakhnauti), and it became the hub of the Sena empire. Gauda was conquered by [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji]] in 1205. During the Turko-Afghan period, “the city of Lakhnauti or Gauda continued to function initially as their capital but was abandoned in 1342 by the [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty|Ilyas Shahi sultans]] in favour of [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]] because of major disturbances along the river course of the [[Ganges|Ganga]].” “Pandua then lay on the banks of the [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]], which was the major waterway of the sultanate at the time. However, when the Mahananda too began to veer away from the site of Pandua in the mid-15th century, Gauda was rebuilt and restored to the status of capital city by the [[Hussain Shahi dynasty|Hussain Shahi sultans]]”… With the ascent of [[Akbar]] to the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] throne at Delhi… the Mughals annexed the ancient region of [[Gauḍa (region)|Gauda]] in 1576 and created the Diwani of Bengal. The centre of regional power shifted across the Ganga to [[Rajmahal]]. Following the demise of the independent sultanate, the regional importance of the Gauda or Malda region declined irreversibly and the city of Gauda was eventually abandoned.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = pages 3-4: Malda in Historical Perspective | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 November 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Malda district===<br />
With the advent of the British, their trading and commercial interests focussed on the new cities of Malda and English Bazar. Malda district was formed in 1813 with “some portion of outlying areas of Purnia, Dinajpur and Rajshahi districts”. A separate treasury was established in 1832 and a full-fledged Magistrate and Collector was posted in 1859. Malda district was part of Rajshahi Division till 1876, when it was transferred to Bhagalpur Division, and again transferred in 1905 to Rajshahi Division. With the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|partition of Bengal]] in 1947, the [[Radcliffe Line]] placed Malda district in India, except the Nawabganj subdivision, which was placed in East Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 6-8: Brief History of the District |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 6 January 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Kaliachak III community development block is located at {{coord|24.763 |N|88.109|E|format=dms|}}<br />
<br />
Kaliachak III CD Block is part of the Diara, one of the three physiographic sub-regions of the district. “The Diara is a relatively well drained flat land formed by the [[Fluvial processes|fluvial]] deposition of newer [[alluvium]] in the transitional zone between the Barind upland and the marshy Tal tract. The soil is light with sandy appearance and is very fertile. Mango gardens are common and mulberry is also grown in this natural division.” It covers 32.16% of the total area of the district. 42.81% of the population of the district live in this sub-region.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 13-15: Physiography |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 24 October 2018}}</ref><ref name=censusmap>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Page 689: Map of Kaliachak III CD Block|publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 24 October 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
Birnagar I, Birnagar II, Lakshmipur, Kumbhira, Bakhrabad and Pardeonapur-Sovapur gram panchayats of Kaliachak III CD Block are vulnerable to floods from the adjoining Ganges.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbdmd.gov.in/writereaddata/uploaded/DP/Malda.pdf |title = Foreword | work= Areas vulnerable in respect of floods |publisher= Malda district administration | access-date = 16 November 2018 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Left bank erosion of the [[Ganges]] upstream of [[Farakka Barrage]] has rendered nearly 4.5 lakh people homeless in Manikchak, Kaliachak I, II and III and Ratua blocks over the last three decades of the past century. The worst hit area is between Bhutnidiara and Panchanandapore in Kaliachak II block. According to the Ganga Bhangan Pratirodh Action Nagarik Committee, 750&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> area was lost in 30 years in the Manikchak and Kalichak areas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sandrp.in/dams/impct_frka_wcd.pdf | title = A Report on the Impact of Farakka Barrage on the Human Fabric, November 1999 | work = The social impact of erosion, pp 13-14 | first = Manisha | last = Banerjee | publisher = South Asia Network On Dams, Rivers and People, New Delhi: 110 088 India | access-date = 17 February 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170808234303/http://sandrp.in/dams/impct_frka_wcd.pdf | archive-date = 8 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
See also - [[River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts]]<br />
<br />
Construction of the [[Farakka Barrage]], located in the Murshidabad and Malda districts, commenced in 1961 and it was commissioned in 1975.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://fbp.gov.in/ | title = Farakka Barrage Project | publisher = FBP | access-date = 25 July 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kaliachak III CD Block is bounded by [[Kaliachak II]] CD Block, [[Kaliachak I]] CD Block and [[English Bazar (community development block)|English Bazar]] CD Block on the north, [[Shibganj Upazila, Chapai Nawabganj|Shibganj Upazila]] in Chapai Nawabganj District, Bangladesh, on the east and south, and [[Farakka (community development block)|Farakka]] CD Block, in Murshidabad district, across the [[Ganges]], on the west.<ref name=censusmap/><ref name="Google maps">Google maps</ref><br />
<br />
Kaliachak III CD Block has an area of 127.37&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=admin>{{cite web| url = http://malda.nic.in/ |title = Kaliachak III at a Glance|access-date = 14 February 2011|work = Maldah District |publisher = District administration}}</ref> It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 14 [[gram panchayat]]s, 204 gram sansads (village councils), 75 [[mouza]]s and 65 inhabited villages. [[Baisnabnagar, Malda#Police station|Baisnabnagar]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda |work = Table 2.1 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 29 October 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at [[Dariapur, Malda|Dariapur]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Maldah, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Map of Maldah with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 29 October 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2102 | title = BDO Offices under Malda District | work = Deoartment of Mass Education Extension & Library Services, Government of West Bengal | publisher = West Bengal Public Library Network | access-date = 8 November 2018 | archive-date = 12 October 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181012074655/http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2102 | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
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165.5&nbsp;km of the India-Bangladesh border is in Malda district. CD Blocks on the border are Bamangola, Habibpur, Old Malda, English Bazar and Kaliachak-III.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbdmd.gov.in/writereaddata/uploaded/DP/Malda.pdf|title = Foreword | publisher= District administration | access-date = 15 November 2018 }}</ref><br />
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[[Gram panchayat]]s of Kaliachak III block/ panchayat samiti are: Akandabaria, Sahabajpur, Charianantapur, Golapganj, Bhagabanpur, Krishnapur, Bedrabad, Sahabanchak, Birnagar-I, Birnagar-II, Laxmipur, Kumbhira, Bakhrabad and Pardeonapur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Malda district - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 November 2018}}</ref><br />
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==Demographics==<br />
<!---You may add new data/information with reliable references but please do not disturb existing data---><br />
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===Population===<br />
As per [[2011 Census of India]], Kaliachak III CD Block had a total population of 359,071, of which 329,147 were rural and 29,924 were urban. There were 184,213 (51%) males and 174,858 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 64,163. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 105,698 (29.44%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 25,310 (7.05%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 21 October 2018}}</ref><br />
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Census towns in Kaliachak III CD Block were (2011 population in brackets): [[Jagannathpur, Malda|Jagannathpur]] (13,454) and [[Krishnapur, Malda|Krishnapur]] (16,470).<ref name=census2011/><br />
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Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Kaliachak III CD Block were (2011 population in brackets): Sultanganj (28,723), Mahabbatpur (4,149), Chari Anantapur (21,883), Shahbazpur (13,975), Gopalganj (15,371), Baishnabnagar (15,695), Lakshmipur (15,569), Chak Seherdi (7,850), Dariapur (6,249), Chak Bahadurpur (6,628), Suzapur Mandal (8,807), Chainpara (7,570), Jayenpur (7,538), Kumbhira (4,954), Deonapur (12,381), Sabdulpur (8,970), Nandalalapur (6,441), Bhagabanpur (17,397), Kalinagar (4,567), Bedrabad (15,123), Gopalpur (4,794) and Par Deonapur (16,856).<ref name=census2011/><br />
<!------Other villages in Kaliachak III CD Block included (2011 population in brackets): <ref name=census2011/>----><br />
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'''Decadal [[Population growth|Population Growth]] Rate (%)'''<br />
{{Graph:Chart<br />
|width=300<br />
|height=200<br />
|legend=Legend<br />
|xAxisTitle=X<br />
|yAxisTitle=Y<br />
|type= rect<br />
|x=1971-1981,1981-1991,1991-2001,2001-2011<br />
|y1 = 0.42,33.16,29.62,15.74<br />
|y2 = 26.00,29.78,24.78,21.22<br />
|y3 = 23.17,24.73,17.77,13.93<br />
|colors = olive,yellow,violet<br />
|y1Title= Kaliachak III CD Block<br />
|y2Title=Malda district<br />
|y3Title=West Bengal <br />
}}<br />
<small>Note: The CD Block data for 1971–1981, 1981-1991 and 1991-2001 is for Kaliachak I, II & III taken together</small><br />
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The decadal growth of population in Kaliachak III CD Block in 2001-2011 was 15.74%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Maldah, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Brief Analysis of Inset Tables based on Primary Census Abstract 2011 (Inset Tables 1-35), Table I: Decadal change in population of Tahsils (Sub-district) by Residence, 2001–2011, Page 50 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 30 April 2018 }}</ref> The decadal growth of population in Kaliachak PS or Kaliachak I, II & III CD Blocks taken together in 1991-2001 was 29.62%. The decadal growth of population in Kaliachak PS or Kaliachak I, II & III CD Blocks taken together in 1981-91 was 33.16% and in 1971-81 was 0.42%.<ref name="humandev1">{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = pages 11-14 | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 October 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref> The decadal growth rate of population in Malda district was as follows: 30.33% in 1951–61, 31.98% in 1961–71, 26.00% in 1971–81, 29.78% in 1981–91, 24.78% in 1991-2001 and 21.22% in 2001-11.<ref name="growthmalda">{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook | work = Malda - Table 2.3 Growth of Population by sex on different census years in the district of Malda | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 30 October 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref> The decadal growth rate for West Bengal in 2001-11 was 13.93%.<ref name="Decadal Growth Rate">{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html | title = Census of India 2011: Provisional Totals for West Bengal | publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India | access-date = 26 April 2018}}</ref> The decadal growth rate for West Bengal was 13.93 in 2001–2011, 17.77% in 1991-2001.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html | title = Provisional population totals Paper I: West Bengal | publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref> 24.73% in 1981-1991 and 23.17% in 1971-1981.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgs%20north.PDF| title = District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas| work = Page 40, Table 3.2.1| publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010| access-date = 20 April 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180205044900/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgs%20north.PDF| archive-date = 5 February 2018| url-status = dead}}</ref><br />
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Malda district has the second highest decadal population growth rate, for the decade 2001–2011, in West Bengal with a figure of 21.2% which is much higher than the state average (13.8%).<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1906_PART_B_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf | title = Census of India 2011: District Census Handbook Maldah| work= Series 20, Part XII B, Page 15 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref> Uttar Dinajpur district has the highest decadal growth rate in the state with 23.2%.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1904_PART_B_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf | title = Census of India 2011: District Census Handbook Uttar Dinajpur| work= Series 20, Part XII B, Page 14 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref> Decadal growth rate of population is higher than that of neighbouring Murshidabad district, which has the next highest growth rate.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1907_PART_B_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf| title = Census of India 2011 District Census Handbook Murshidabad| work= Series 20, Part XII B, Page 14 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref><br />
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Population density in the district has intensified from 162 persons per km<sup>2</sup> in 1901 to 881 in 2001 (i.e., around five times), which is highest amongst the districts of North Bengal. However, unlike the densely populated southern regions of West Bengal, urbanisation remains low in Malda district. North Bengal in general, and Malda in particular, has been witness to large scale population movement from other states in India and other districts of West Bengal, as well as from outside the country. The District Human Development Report for Malda notes, “Malda district has been a principal recipient of the human migration waves of the 20th century.”<ref name="humandev1"/><br />
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The decadal growth rate of population in neighbouring [[Chapai Nawabganj District]], in Bangladesh was 15.59% for the decade 2001–2011, down from 21.67% in the decade 1991-2001.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_ChapaiNawabganj.pdf | title = Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011: Zila Report – Chapai Nawabganj | work = Page 17: Table PT 02 Population and Growth Rate, 1974-2011 | publisher = Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh | access-date = 19 December 2018 | archive-date = 28 September 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220928210419/http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_ChapaiNawabganj.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
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There are reports of [[Illegal immigration to India|Bangladeshi infiltrators]] coming through the international border. Only a small portion of the border with Bangladesh has been fenced and it is popularly referred to as a porous border.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.thequint.com/news/india/bangladesh-government-warns-india-of-increased-infiltration-by-jihadis-jmb-huji | title = Bangladeshi Govt warns India of increased infiltration by jihadis | date = 21 March 2017 | publisher = the quint |access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/12105-infiltration-decreasing-through-india-bangla-border | title = Infiltration decreasing through India Bangla border | date = 23 December 2017 | publisher = Sunday Guardian |access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rediff.com/news/report/why-bsf-wants-817-km-of-indo-bangla-border-fenced-urgently/20160821.htm | title = Why BSF wants 81.7 km of Indo-Bangla border fenced urgently | publisher = Rediff.com. 21 August 2016 | access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/bangladeshi-infiltration-the-reality-check.html | title = Bangladeshi Infiltrators – the Reality Check | publisher = The Pioneer, 27 June 2015 | access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref><br />
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===Literacy===<br />
As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Kaliachak III CD Block was 159,712 (54.16% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 90,816 (59.75% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 68,896 (48.07% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 11.68%.<ref name=census2011/><br />
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See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]<br />
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{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Malda district|collapsible=y}}<br />
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===Language and religion===<br />
{{bar box<br />
|title=Religion in Kaliachak III CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/><br />
|titlebar=#FCD116<br />
|left1=<br />
|float=right<br />
|bars=<br />
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|51.01}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|48.72}}<br />
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.27}}<br />
}}<br />
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Hinduism is the majority religion, with 51.01% of the population. Islam is the second-largest religion.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
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As per 2014 District Statistical Handbook: Malda (quoting census figures), in the 2001 census, Hindus numbered 148,358 and formed 52.17% of the population in Kaliachak III CD Block. Muslims numbered 135,654 and formed 47.70% of the population. Christians numbered 165 and formed 0.06% of the population. Others numbered 199 and formed 0.07% of the population.<ref>{{cite web |title=District Statistical Handbook Malda 2014 |url=http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |access-date=27 October 2018 |work=Table 2.10 (a) |publisher=Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |archive-date=21 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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{{Pie chart<br />
|caption = Languages of Kaliachak III CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/><br />
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 97.49 |color1 = orchid<br />
|label2 = [[Khotta Bhasha|Khotta]] |value2 = 1.64 |color2 = purple<br />
|label3 = Others |value3 = 0.87 |color3 = grey<br />
}}<br />
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At the time of the 2011 census, 97.49% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 1.64% [[Khotta Bhasha|Khotta]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
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==Rural poverty==<br />
As per the [[Human Development Report]] for Malda district, published in 2006, the percentage of rural families in [[Below Poverty Line (India)|BPL]] category in Kaliachak III CD Block was 36.0%. Official surveys have found households living in absolute poverty in Malda district to be around 39%.<ref name="humandev2">{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = pages 102-104 | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 October 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
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According to the report, “An overwhelmingly large segment of the rural workforce depends on agriculture as its main source of livelihood, the extent of landlessness in Malda has traditionally been high because of the high densities of human settlement in the district… Although land reforms were implemented in Malda district from the time they were launched in other parts of West Bengal, their progress has been uneven across the Malda blocks… because of the overall paucity of land, the extent of [[Land reform in India|ceiling-surplus]] land available for redistribution has never been large… The high levels of [[rural poverty]] that exist in nearly all blocks in Malda district closely reflect the livelihood crisis… “<ref name="humandev2"/><br />
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==Economy==<br />
===Livelihood===<br />
{{Pie chart<br />
| caption = '''Livelihood<br/>in Kaliachak III CD Block'''<br />
| value1 = 11.92<br />
| label1 = Cultivators<br />
| value2 = 25.26<br />
| label2 = Agricultural labourers<br />
| value3 = 37.78<br />
| label3 = Household industries<br />
| value4 = 25.03<br />
| label4 = Other Workers<br />
}}<br />
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In Kaliachak III CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 19,127 and formed 11.92%, agricultural labourers numbered 40,520 and formed 25.26%, household industry workers numbered 60,603 and formed 37.78% and other workers numbered 40,145 and formed 25.03%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref> Total workers numbered 160,395 and formed 44.67% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 198,676 and formed 55.33% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref><br />
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<small>Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person’s land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref></small><br />
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===Infrastructure===<br />
There are 65 inhabited villages in Kaliachak III CD Block. All 65 villages (100%) have power supply. 64 villages (98.46%) have drinking water supply. 26 villages (40%) have post offices. 50 villages (76.92%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 31 village (47.69%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 10 villages (15.38%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 4 villages (6.15%) have agricultural credit societies. 5 villages (7.69%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Maldah, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 80-81 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities,2011 | publisher = Directorate of Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 2 November 2018}}</ref><br />
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===Agriculture===<br />
“Large parts of the Diara, now the most intensely settled region within Malda, began to attract a new population from the early 20th century, after the alluvial chars exposed by the Ganga’s westward migration were opened for revenue settlement… Agricultural land in the Tal and Diara is mostly irrigated and intensively cropped and cultivated… Rainfall in the district is moderate…”<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = pages 91-100 | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 3 November 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
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Kaliachak III CD Block had 87 fertiliser depots, 6 seed stores and 64 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in 2013-14.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda | work = Tables 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 3 November 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
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In 2013–14, Kaliachak III CD Block produced 7,372 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop from 2,436 hectares, 7,288 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 1,838 hectares, 2,335 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 1,202 hectares, 20,285 tonnes of wheat from 7,745 hectares, 636 tonnes of maize from 157 hectares, 29,959 tonnes of jute from 2,045 hectares, 17,846 tonnes of potatoes from 514 hectares and 18,323 tonnes of sugar cane from 179 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/><br />
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In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Kaliachak III CD Block was 6,189 hectares, out of which 92 hectares were irrigated by river lift irrigation, 416 hectares by deep tube wells, 5,469 hectares by shallow tube wells and 212 hectares by other means.<ref name=handbook2014/><br />
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===Backward Regions Grant Fund===<br />
Malda district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 3 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 3 November 2018}}</ref><br />
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==Transport==<br />
{{Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line|collapse=yes}}<br />
In 2013–14, Kaliachak III CD Block had 2 ferry services and 4 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/><br />
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The stations between New Farakka and Malda Town on the [[Howrah-New Jalpaiguri line]] are: Chamagram, Khaltipur, Jamirghata and Gour Malda. <br />
<ref>{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/all/14005/6401/441| title= 53417 Bardhaman-Malda Town Passenger| work= Time Table |publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 6 November 2018}}</ref><br />
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[[National Highway 12 (India)|NH 12]] (old number NH 34) passes through Kaliachak III CD Block.<ref name="Google maps"/><br />
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==Education==<br />
In 2013–14, Kaliachak III CD Block had 121 primary schools with 24,494 students, 16 middle schools with 6,414 students, 6 high schools with 10,054 students and 16 higher secondary schools with 35,469 students. Kaliachak III CD Block had 1 general degree college with 4,464 students and 484 institutions for special and non-formal education with 29,213 students.<ref name=handbook2014/><br />
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As per the 2011 census, in Kaliachak III CD Block, amongst the 65 inhabited villages, 7 villages did not have a school, 27 villages had more than 1 primary school, 31 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 20 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Malda, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 720-21, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 3 November 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[South Malda College]] was established at [[Pubarun]], Laksmipur, Kaliachak III, in 1995.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.southmaldacollege.in/Index1.aspx | title = South Malda College | publisher = SMC | accessdate = 11 August 2021 | archive-date = 11 August 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210811123834/http://www.southmaldacollege.in/Index1.aspx | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.collegeadmission.in/SouthMaldaCollege/SouthMaldaCollege.shtml#! | title = South Malda College | publisher = College Admission | accessdate = 11 August 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Healthcare==<br />
In 2014, Kaliachak III CD Block had 1 rural hospital, 2 [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] and 3 central government/ PSU medical centres with total 80 beds and 6 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 41 family welfare subcentres. 7,986 patients were treated indoor and 142,697 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/><br />
<br />
Bedrabad Rural Hospital at [[Bedrabad]], PO [[Baisnabnagar, Malda|Baisnabnagar]] (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Kaliachak III CD Block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Sabdalpur (Kumbhira PHC) (with 10 beds) and Gopalganj (with 10 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 14 November 2018 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Kaliachak (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Malda}}<br />
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Gour-Pandua}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|3}}<br />
<br />
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}<br />
{{Malda topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Community development blocks in Malda district]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dipika_Pallikal&diff=497345Dipika Pallikal2026-03-19T09:26:36Z<p>Julipfz: Put Up New Article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian squash player}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox squash player<br />
| image = Dipika Pallikal (India) defeated Jaclyn Hawkes (New Zealand) in the women's semifinals 06 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| fullname = Dipika Rebecca Pallikal Karthik<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/list-of-padma-awardees/article5617946.ece|title=List of Padma awardees |work=The Hindu|date=25 January 2014|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en}}</ref><br />
| birth_name = Dipika Pallikal<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age |df=yes|1991|09|21}}<ref name=squashinfo>{{cite web|title=Dipika Pallikal (India) Profile|url=https://www.squashinfo.com/player/953-dipika-pallikal|website=squashinfo.com|access-date=19 August 2015}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Kottayam]], [[Kerala]], India<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Dinesh Karthik]]|2015}}<br />
| height = 164 cm<br />
| weight = 69 kg<br />
| event = Women's singles<br />
| country = {{IND}}<br />
| turnedpro = 2006<br />
| plays = Right-handed<br />
| racquet = [[Tecnifibre]]<br />
| coach = [[Sarah Fitz-Gerald]]<br />
| highest_ranking = No. 10<br />
| date_of_highest_ranking = December 2012<br />
| current_ranking = No. 19<br />
| date_of_current_ranking = August 2016<br />
| WorldOpenresult = '''QF''' ([[2011 Women's World Open Squash Championship|2011]])<br />
| titles = 11<br />
| finals = <br />
| psa_id = dipika-pallikal-karthik<br />
| medaltemplates = <br />
{{MedalSport|Women's [[squash (sport)|squash]]}}<br />
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br />
{{MedalComp|[[World Squash Doubles Championships|World Championships]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|2022 Glasgow|Doubles}}<br />
{{MedalGold|2022 Glasgow|Mixed doubles}}<br />
{{MedalGold|2024 Glasgow|Doubles}}<br />
{{MedalGold|2024 Glasgow|Mixed doubles}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|2016 Darwin|Mixed doubles}}<br />
{{MedalBronze|2016 Darwin|Doubles}}<br />
{{MedalBronze|2017 Manchester|Doubles}}<br />
{{MedalComp|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|2014 Glasgow]]|[[Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Doubles]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[Squash at the 2018 Commonwealth Games|2018 Gold Coast]]|[[Squash at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Doubles]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[Squash at the 2018 Commonwealth Games|2018 Gold Coast]]|[[Squash at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]]}}<br />
{{MedalBronze|[[Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]]}}<br />
{{MedalComp|[[Asian Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[Squash at the 2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Squash at the 2022 Asian Games – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[Squash at the 2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]]|[[Squash at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's team|Team]]}}<br />
{{MedalBronze|[[Squash at the 2010 Asian Games|2010 Guangzhou]]|[[Squash at the 2010 Asian Games – Women's team|Team]]}}<br />
{{MedalBronze|[[Squash at the 2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]]|[[Squash at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's singles|Singles]]}}<br />
{{MedalBronze|[[Squash at the 2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[Squash at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's singles|Singles]]}}<br />
{{MedalBronze|[[Squash at the 2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Squash at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's team|Team]]}}<br />
{{MedalComp|[[Asian Squash Championships|Asian Championships]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[Asian Team Squash Championships|2012 Kuwait]]|Team}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships|2023 Hangzhou]]|Mixed doubles}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[2017 Women's Asian Individual Squash Championships|2017 Chennai]]|Singles}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition | [[South Asian Games]] }}<br />
{{MedalGold | [[2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati]] | [[Squash at the 2016 South Asian Games|Team]]}}<br />
| updated = 13 April 2022<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dipika Pallikal''' (born 21 September 1991) is an Indian professional [[Squash (sport)|squash]] player. She was the first Indian player to break into the top 10 in the [[Official Women's Squash World Ranking|world rankings]].<ref name="top10ranking">{{cite web| url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/dipika-pallikal-is-first-indian-to-break-into-top-10/1039028/| publisher=[[The Indian Express]]| date=1 January 2012| title=Dipika Pallikal is first Indian to break into top 10}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Pallikal was born in [[Kottayam]] into a Malayali family.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukmalayalee.com/local-sports-news/news.php?id=NTU2 |title=Local Sports News – Malayalee Dipika Pallikal wins in straight games to net sixth WSA title (Picture Album) |publisher=Ukmalayalee.com |date=21 September 1991 |access-date=30 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002347/http://ukmalayalee.com/local-sports-news/news.php?id=NTU2 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She is the daughter of Sanjiv Pallikal and [[Susan Itticheria|Susan Pallikal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=17284975&programId=1073752205&BV_ID=@@@&channelId=-1073750705&tabId=3|title=Manorama Online – Home|work=ManoramaOnline|access-date=2 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806093801/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=17284975&programId=1073752205&BV_ID=@@@&channelId=-1073750705&tabId=3|archive-date=6 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/print/news/dipika-pallikal-the-hot-girl-of-indian-squash-982-10.html |title= Dipika Pallikal, the hot girl of Indian squash |publisher=Indiatvnews.com |date=21 September 1991 |access-date=30 November 2013}}</ref> Her mother played international cricket for the [[India women's national cricket team|Indian women's team]], including India's inaugural [[Women's Test cricket|women's Test match]], in 1976.<ref name="Cricinfo profile2">{{cite web |title=Susan Itticheria |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/susan-itticheria-54255 |accessdate=2024-07-07 |publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref><ref>Abishek Mukherjee (20 August 2015). [http://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/susan-itticheria-dinesh-karthik-and-other-cricket-in-laws-319653 "Susan Itticheria-Dinesh Karthik and other cricket in-laws"] – Cricket Country. Retrieved 2 November 2015.</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Pallikal turned professional in 2006,<ref name="deepikaHistory">{{cite web|url=http://post.jagran.com/dipika-pallikal-steals-limelight-in-squash-with-three-wispa-titles-in2011-1324374966|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029044756/http://post.jagran.com/dipika-pallikal-steals-limelight-in-squash-with-three-wispa-titles-in2011-1324374966|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 October 2012|publisher=jagran.com|title=Pallikal wins three WISPA titles}}</ref> but her career was filled with ups and downs initially. She became more consistent and started notching up winning performances after her brief training stint in Egypt in the beginning of 2011.<ref name="deepikaHistory"/><br />
<br />
She clinched the first of her three WISPA titles for 2011 in September by winning the Orange County Open in Irvine, California.<ref name="deepikaProfile"/> She notched up her second in the United States with another WISPA tour event victory.<ref name="deepikaProfile"/> The third came in Hong Kong in the Crocodile Challenge Cup in December 2011 and that took her to number 17 in world rankings.<ref name="deepikaProfile"/> However, it was her performance in the [[World Open (squash)|World Open]], where she was beaten in the quarterfinals, that led to her claiming a ranking of 14 as a result of these victories in February 2012, surpassing the earlier best world ranking by an Indian – 27th by former national champion [[Misha Grewal]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Utathya |date=2023-11-11 |title=Who is Dipika Pallikal - A squash poster-girl and a supermom |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/who-is-dipika-pallikal-india-squash-player |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=Olympics.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2012, she became the first Indian ever to reach the summit clash of a Silver event when she reached the final of the [[Tournament of Champions (squash)|Tournament of Champions]] squash meet in New York.<ref>{{cite web|author=TOI |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/Dipika-Pallikal-storms-into-final-of-Tournament-of-Champions/articleshow/11639622.cms |title=Dipika Pallikal storms into final of Tournament of Champions – The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=26 January 2012 |access-date=14 November 2012}}</ref> In August the same year, she went one step further when she reached the semi-finals of a gold event, the 2012 [[Australian Open (squash)|Australian Open]], another first for any Indian.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldsquash.org/ws/?p=8931 |title=Dipika reaches Australian Open semi-final |publisher=worldsquash.org |date=17 August 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
Deepika Pallikal was an integral part of the [[India women's national squash team|Indian squash team]] that finished fifth in the [[2012 Women's World Team Squash Championships]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-18/others/35185663_1_world-team-squash-anaka-alankamony-joshana-chinappa| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521212539/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-18/others/35185663_1_world-team-squash-anaka-alankamony-joshana-chinappa| url-status=dead| archive-date=21 May 2013| work=[[The Times of India]]| date=18 September 2012| title=India finish fifth in World Team Squash}}</ref> India, seeded tenth in the event, defeated higher ranked [[Netherlands women's national squash team|Netherlands]] and [[Ireland women's national squash team|Ireland]] in the process.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.sportal.co.in/other-sports-news-display/india-exit-squash-world-championships-209116| publisher=sportal.co.in| date=16 November 2012| title=India exit squash World Championships}}{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> She defeated players like [[Madeline Perry]] in the tournament.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-13/others/35087252_1_anaka-alankamony-ireland-india| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521223905/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-13/others/35087252_1_anaka-alankamony-ireland-india| url-status=dead| archive-date=21 May 2013| title=India upset Ireland in World Team Squash Championship| date=13 September 2012| work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Joshna Chinappa]] was another key player in the Indian line-up. In February 2013, she won the sixth WSA title of her career after outplaying Joey Chan of Hong Kong 11–9, 11–7, 11–4 in the final of the Meadowood Pharmacy Open in the Canadian city of Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/Dipika-Pallikal-wins-Meadowood-Pharmacy-Open/articleshow/18337153.cms |title=Dipika Pallikal wins Meadowood Pharmacy Open – Times of India |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=4 February 2013 |access-date=30 November 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In December 2012, she achieved a career best of ranking of World No. 10.<ref name="top10ranking"/> She became the first female squash player to be conferred with the [[Arjuna Award]], India's second highest sporting award, in 2012.<ref name="arjunaAward"/> In February 2014 she was back at number 10 in the Women's Squash Association (WSA) rankings despite enduring a tough start to the year.<ref>{{cite web|author= IANS |url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/squash/dipika-pallikal-returns-to-top-10-of-squash-world-rankings |title=Dipika Pallikal returns to top 10 of squash world rankings – Sportskeeda |publisher=Sportskeeda.com |date=5 February 2014 |access-date=30 November 2013}}</ref> At the [[2014 Commonwealth Games]] she along with [[Joshna Chinappa]] won the squash women's doubles gold medal, making it India's first ever Commonwealth Games medal in the sport.<ref name="Commonwealth">{{cite web | title = Dipika and Joshna create history |work= The Hindu| url = http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/joshana-chinappa-dipika-pallikal-win-squash-gold-at-cwg/article6275525.ece |date=2 August 2014| access-date = 3 August 2014 | first = A. | last = Vinod }}</ref> Pallikal picked up her 10th Tour title in January 2015 after triumphing at the Winter Club Open.<br />
<br />
Pallikal refused to participate in the National Championship between 2012 and 2015 due to the inequality in prize money where the women's championship winner was awarded only 40% of the prize money of the men's championship winner.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/Dipika-Pallikal-wants-equal-prize-money/articleshow/48013742.cms|title=Dipika Pallikal wants equal prize money|work=The Times of India|date=10 July 2015 }}</ref> Equal prize money was agreed for the 2016 championships where she defeated [[Joshna Chinappa]] 4–11, 11–6, 11–2, 11–8, thus winning the title for the second time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/Dipika-Pallikal-Saurav-Ghosal-clinch-national-squash-titles/articleshow/53255068.cms|title = Dipika Pallikal, Saurav Ghosal clinch national squash titles &#124; More sports News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=17 July 2016 }}</ref><br />
<br />
At the February 2016 [[South Asian Games]], she was part of the gold medal-winning Indian Women's team<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiasquash.com/players-team-india.aspx|title=Squash Rackets Federation of India|website=www.indiasquash.com|access-date=3 June 2016|archive-date=12 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512084155/http://www.indiasquash.com/players-team-india.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/report/photos-indias-gold-glut-continues-at-south-asian-games/20160210.htm|title=PHOTOS: India's gold-glut continues at South Asian Games - Rediff.com Sports|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportingindia.com/content/india-begin-well-team-event-squash-sag-2016|title=India begin well in the team event of squash in the SAG 2016|date=8 February 2016|website=sportingindia.com|access-date=23 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830174256/http://sportingindia.com/content/india-begin-well-team-event-squash-sag-2016|archive-date=30 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was then defeated in the first round of the 2016 PSA Women's World Championship in April.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://psaworldtour.com/news/view/3552/wwc-update-au-holds-off-pallikal-to-seal-second-round-spot|title=WWC Update: Au Holds Off Pallikal to Seal Second Round Spot - Professional Squash Association|website=psaworldtour.com|date=26 April 2016 }}</ref> In May she was part of the silver medal-winning Indian Women's team at the Asian Team Championship in Taipei, where India were beaten 2–0 in the finals by Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/squash/asian-squash-championships-indian-women-go-down-fighting|title=Asian Squash Championships: Indian women go down fighting|date=15 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
Pallikal Karthik competed under her maiden name (Pallikal) until 2016, adding her married name for the 2016-17 PSA Season commencing August 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://psaworldtour.com/players/view/7872/info|title=Dipika Pallikal Karthik - Professional Squash Association|website=psaworldtour.com}}</ref> Following her second Indian national Title (see below) she continued her good form winning the Australian Open, her 11th PSA title in August 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://psaworldtour.com/news/view/4013/al-tamimi-and-pallikal-karthik-capture-australian-open-crowns|title=Al Tamimi and Pallikal Karthik Capture Australian Open Crowns - Professional Squash Association|website=psaworldtour.com|date=12 August 2016 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
[[File:Dipika Pallikal with Joshna Chinappa.jpg|thumb|[[Joshna Chinappa]] with Pallikal Karthik, 2012]]<br />
Following are the highlights of Dipika's [[WSA World Tour|WSA]] tour career.<ref name="deepikaProfile">{{cite web |url=https://www.squashinfo.com/player/953-dipika-pallikal |title=Profile at squashinfo.com |publisher=squashinfo.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:center;"|Event<br />
! style="text-align:center;"|Year<br />
! style="text-align:center;"|Result<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| |{{flagicon|CAN}} Winnipeg Winter Club Open<br />
| 2015<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Winner'''<br />
|-<br />
| |{{flagicon|CHN}} Macau Squash Open<br />
| 2013<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Winner'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/dipika-triumphs/article5255760.ece |title=Dipika triumphs |work=The Hindu |date=21 October 2013 |access-date=30 November 2013}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| |{{flagicon|CAN}} Meadowood Pharmacy Open<br />
| 2013<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Winner'''<br />
|-<br />
| |{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australian Open (squash)|Australian Open]]<br />
| 2012<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| Semi-finals<br />
|-<br />
| |{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tournament of Champions (squash)|Tournament of Champions]]<br />
| 2012<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| Runner-up<br />
|-<br />
| |{{flagicon|HKG}} Crocodile Challenge Cup<br />
| 2011<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| '''Winner'''<br />
|-<br />
| |{{flagicon|NED}} [[World Open (squash)|World Open]]<br />
| 2011<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| Quarter-final<br />
|-<br />
| |{{flagicon|USA}} Dread Sports Series<br />
| 2011<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| '''Winner'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| |{{flagicon|USA}} Orange County Open<br />
| 2011<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| '''Winner'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Arjuna Award for the year-2012 to Ms. Deepika Pallikal for Squash, in a glittering ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on August 29, 2012.jpg|thumb|left|Pallikal Karthik receiving the [[Arjuna Award]] in 2012]]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:300px; font-size:95%;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:center;"|Award<br />
! style="text-align:center;"|Year<br />
|-<br />
| |[[Arjuna Award]]<ref name="arjunaAward">{{cite web|title=Arjuna Awardees for 2012|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/Vijay-Kumar-Yogeshwar-Dutt-conferred-Khel-Ratna-25-get-Arjuna-awards/articleshow/15947093.cms|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=29 August 2012}}</ref> <br />
| 2012<br />
|-<br />
| |[[Padma Shri]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Paes, Gopichand, Yuvraj, Dipika get Padma awards|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/01/paes-gopichand-yuvraj-dipika-get-padma-awards/|work=IANS|publisher=Biharprabha News|access-date=25 January 2014}}</ref> <br />
| 2014<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Pallikal studied at Ethiraj College for Women, majoring in English from 2012-2013. On 15 November 2013, she got engaged to Indian cricketer [[Dinesh Karthik]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Cricket meets squash: Dinesh Karthik is engaged to Dipika Pallikal|date=30 November 2013|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/cricket-meets-squash-dinesh-karthik-is-engaged-to-dipika-pallikal/1201299/|publisher=The Indian Express|access-date=2 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cricketer-dinesh-karthik-engaged-to-squash-star-dipika-pallikal/436870-5-23.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131201230112/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cricketer-dinesh-karthik-engaged-to-squash-star-dipika-pallikal/436870-5-23.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-12-01|title=Cricketer Dinesh Karthik engaged to squash star Dipika Pallikal|work=IBNLive}}</ref> They married in the traditional Christian wedding style on 18 August 2015 and the Hindu wedding style on 20 August 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dinesh Karthik Gets Married Twice in Three Days... to Dipika Pallikal! |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/247312-dinesh-karthik-gets-married-twice-in-three-days-to-dipika-pallikal |access-date=22 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701152018/http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/247312-dinesh-karthik-gets-married-twice-in-three-days-to-dipika-pallikal |archive-date=1 July 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The couple became parents to twin boys, Kabir and Zian, on 18 October 2021. And they announced the birth of their daughter on 19th March 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/dinesh-karthik-and-wife-dipika-pallikal-blessed-with-twins-adorable-pictures-of-the-new-parents-will-melt-your-heart/amp_etarticleshow/87355434.cms|work=The Times of India|title=Dinesh Karthik and wife Dipika Pallikal blessed with twins! Adorable pictures of the new parents will melt your heart|date=29 October 2021|access-date=29 October 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Dipika Pallikal}}<br />
* {{Squash Info|953|Dipika Pallikal Karthik}}<br />
* {{PSA|new_id=dipika-pallikal-karthik|name=Dipika Pallikal Karthik|old_id=7872|archive=20210804232642}}<br />
* [http://www.indiasquash.com/player-profile-about.aspx?r=atoz&id=DIPI1353 profile at Squash Rackets Federation of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017193202/http://www.indiasquash.com/player-profile-about.aspx?r=atoz&id=DIPI1353 |date=17 October 2016 }}<br />
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Dipika-Pallikal-Karthik Dipika Pallikal Karthik at Times of India]<br />
<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}<br />
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pallikal, Dipika}}<br />
[[Category:1991 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian female squash players]]<br />
[[Category:Squash players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]<br />
[[Category:Squash players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games]]<br />
[[Category:Squash players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]<br />
[[Category:Squash players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists in squash]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists in squash]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games squash players for India]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists in squash]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in squash]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in squash]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in squash]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Squash players at the 2010 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Squash players at the 2014 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Squash players at the 2018 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Squash players at the 2022 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]<br />
[[Category:Sportspeople from Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Sportswomen from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in squash]]<br />
[[Category:Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games]]<br />
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anshu_Jamsenpa&diff=447441Anshu Jamsenpa2026-03-06T15:55:53Z<p>Julipfz: fixes</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian mountaineer}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox climber<br />
| name = Anshu Jamsenpa<br />
| image = The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award, 2017 to Ms. Dr. Anshu Jamsenpa for Adventure, in a glittering ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on September 25, 2018.JPG<br />
| imagesize =<br />
| caption = President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award, 2017 to Jamsenpa<br />
| occupation = [[Mountaineer]] and<br/> Promoter for Adventure<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1979|12|31}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Bomdila]], [[West Kameng district]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[India]]<br />
| death_date =<br />
| death_place =<br />
| restingplace =<br />
| restingplacecoordinates =<br />
| nationality = {{IND}} <br />
| othername =<br />
| yearsactive =<br />
| spouse = Tsering Wange<br />
| domesticpartner =<br />
| children = 2<br />
| parents = <br />
| website = {{URL| www. anshujamsenpa.com}}<br />
| majorascents = The first Indian woman to reach the summit of [[Mount Everest]] 5 times<br />
}}<br />
'''Anshu Jamsenpa''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[mountaineer]] and the first woman in the world to scale the summit of [[Mount Everest]] twice in a season, and the fastest double [[wiktionary:summiter|summiter]] to do so within five days.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://anshujamsenpa.com/index.html|title= Dr.Anshu Jamsenpa-|website= www.anshujamsenpa.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/05/21/arunachals-anshu-jamsenpa-becomes-the-first-woman-to-scale-mt-e_a_22102600/|title= Anshu Jamsenpa Becomes The First Woman To Scale Mt Everest Twice In 5 Days-|website= www.huffingtonpost.in|date= 22 May 2017}}</ref> It is also the fastest double ascent of the tallest crest by a woman. She is from [[Bomdila]], headquarters of [[West Kameng district]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]] - the state that holds the most north-eastern position in [[Northeast India|India]].<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170517/jsp/frontpage/story_152006.jsp| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023001737/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170517/jsp/frontpage/story_152006.jsp| url-status=dead| archive-date=23 October 2017|title= Anshu Jamsenpa Becomes The First Woman To Scale Mt Everest Twice In 5 Days-|website= www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> She was awarded India's fourth-highest civilian award the [[Padma Shri]] in 2021.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1692337 |title=Padma Awards 2021 announced |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs | access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/shinzo-abe-tarun-gogoi-ram-vilas-paswan-among-padma-award-winners-complete-list/articleshow/80453596.cms |title=Shinzo Abe, Tarun Gogoi, Ram Vilas Paswan among Padma Award winners: Complete list |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 January 2021 |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref><br />
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== Career==<br />
Jamsenpa summited [[Mount Everest]] in 2011 first time on 12 May and she made a second summit on 21 May.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.atlfmonline.com/home/26-world/3427-anshu-jamsenpa-the-first-woman-to-climb-mount-everest-twice-in-5-days.html| title=Anshu Jamsenpa summited the tallest mountain in the world on May 12 and May 21 -| website=www.atlfmonline.com| access-date=10 September 2019| archive-date=4 September 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904182801/http://www.atlfmonline.com/home/26-world/3427-anshu-jamsenpa-the-first-woman-to-climb-mount-everest-twice-in-5-days.html| url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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She summited [[Mount Everest]] in 2013 in the 2013 North East India Everest Expedition led by Surjit Singh Leishangthem.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=announcements.Ann_2012.First_North_East_India_on_top_of_the_world_Mt_Everest_Expedition_2013_20120801|title= 2013 North East India Everest Expedition -|website=www.atlfmonline.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.Press_Release.Press_Release_2013.1st_North_East_India_Mt_Everest_Expedition_2013_Final_Summit_20130515|title= 2013 North East India Everest Expedition -|website=www.atlfmonline.com}}</ref><br />
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In 2017, Jamsenpa became the first woman in the world to scale the summit of Mount Everest twice in a season and the first to do so within 5 days. It is the fastest double ascent of the tallest crest by a woman. This was her fifth summit and thus she became the most time climbed Indian woman.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/05/21/arunachals-anshu-jamsenpa-becomes-the-first-woman-to-scale-mt-e_a_22102600/|title= Anshu Jamsenpa Becomes The First Woman To Scale Mt Everest Twice In 5 Days-|website= www.huffingtonpost.in|date= 22 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/11/asia/her-india-anshu-jamsenpa/index.html|title= Anshu Jamsenpa Becomes The First Woman To Scale Mt Everest Twice In 5 Days-|website= CNN|date= 11 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/anshu-jamsenpa-arunachal-pradesh-mount-everest-fifth-time-978321-2017-05-21|title= Anshu Jamsenpa Becomes The First Woman To Scale Mt Everest Twice In 5 Days-|website= www.indiatoday.in|date= 21 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.transhimalaya.in/news.aspx?newsid=23|title= ANSHU JAMSENPA: THE FIRST WOMAN TO CLIMB MOUNT EVEREST TWICE IN 5 DAYS -|website= www.transhimalaya.in}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
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After taking the blessings of [[14th Dalai Lama]]<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/arunachal-pradesh-climber-anshu-jamsenpa-to-scale-mount-everest-again/articleshow/58008610.cms|title=Arunachal Pradesh climber Anshu Jamsenpa to scale Mount Everest again|newspaper=The Times of India | date=4 April 2017 | first=Naresh | last=Mitra | access-date=2 February 2020}}</ref> she began her Everest climbing expedition from [[Guwahati]] on 2 April 2017. She took 38 days schedule for [[acclimatization]] at the [[Everest Base Camp]] (at 17,600 ft.) and started her main journey on 4 April. At 9.15 am on 16 May along with 17 other climbers, she climbed up to the mountaintop and unfurled the [[Indian National Flag]].<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/arunachal-pradeshs-anshu-jamsenpa-becomes-first-indian-woman-to-scale-mount-everest-4-times-1694375|title= Anshu Jamsenpa Becomes First Indian Woman To Scale Mount Everest 4 Times-|website= www.ndtv.com}}</ref><br />
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She started her second arduous trek with [[Nepalis|Nepali]] climber Furi Sherpa on 19 May. She continued climbing almost without any pause in hiking, till 10 pm. Again the next morning, she began climbing and took a brief break prior to the summit hike, and finally reached the apex at 7.45 am, on 21 May 2017. Although the feather of double ascent had been already added to her cap in 2017 , she climbed the peak twice (second and third expedition) within 10 days.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/anshu-jamsenpa-attempts-second-ascent-to-scale-mount-everest-4665721/|title= Anshu Jamsenpa attempts second ascent to scale Mount Everest-|website= www.indianexpress.com|date= 20 May 2017}}</ref> However, this year, she took 118 hours and 15 minutes to finish her 5th mission after 4th one.<ref>{{cite news |title=118 hours 15 minutes of peak history: Dr Anshu Jamsenpa recalls her double climb of Everest |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/dr-anshu-jamsenpa-118-hours-15-minutes-of-peak-history-7172776/ |work=The Indian Express |date=3 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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==Honors and awards==<br />
For making history (the first woman and also the first mother who completed twice double ascents), the first Indian woman to scale Mt. Everest five times. The [[Government of Arunachal Pradesh]] has suggested her name for the [[Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]]. The President, [[Ram Nath Kovind]] presented the [[Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]] 2017, India's Highest Adventure Award to Jamsenpa for Adventure at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on 25 September 2018.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.uniindia.com/dr-jamsenpa-to-be-conferred-with-india-s-highest-adventure-award/states/news/1359755.html |title=Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award 2017, India's Highest Adventure Award to Ms. Dr. Anshu Jamsenpa -|website= www.uniindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2018/09/22/jamsenpa-to-receive-indias-highest-adventure-award/ |title=Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award 2017, India's Highest Adventure Award to Ms. Dr. Anshu Jamsenpa -|website= www.arunachaltimes.in |date=22 September 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170523/jsp/northeast/story_153004.jsp |title= Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award 2017, India's Highest Adventure Award to Ms. Dr. Anshu Jamsenpa -|website= www.telegraphindia.com}}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><br />
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Jamsenpa was conferred the CNN-IBN '''Young Indian Leader Award''' in [[New Delhi]] on 30 June 2011. She received the award from [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]], [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)]].<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.mungpoo.org/2011/06/arunachal-girl-wins-young-indian-leader.html?m=1|title= Young Indian Leader Award 2011 to Ms. Dr. Anshu Jamsenpa -|website= www.mungpoo.org}}</ref><br />
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On 2 June 2012, Jamsenpa was awarded Woman Achiever of the Year 2011-12 by the [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry]] (FICCI) in [[Guwahati]].<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.ficciflo.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/30-year-FICCI_flo.pdf|title= FICCI Woman Achiever of the Year 2011-12 to Ms. Dr. Anshu Jamsenpa -|website= www.ficciflo.com}}</ref><br />
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On 31 January 2017 she was conferred with the '''Tourism Icon of the Year Award''' by Government of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] in a function held at I G Park [[Itanagar]] which was attended by the [[Governor]] [[Padmanabha Acharya]] as Chief Guest.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.celebrityspeakersindia.com/anshu-jamsenpa.html|title= Dr.Anshu Jamsenpa Awards -|website= ww.celebrityspeakersindia.com }}</ref><br />
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Jamsenpa was conferred [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D]]. by the [[Arunachal University of Studies]] for her achievements in the field of adventure sports and for making the region proud <ref>{{Cite web| url=http://arunachal24.in/arunachal-mountaineer-anshu-jamsenpa-conferred-with-doctorate-degree/|title= Anshu Jamsenpa conferred with Doctorate Degree-|website= www.arunachal24.in|date= 5 February 2018}}</ref><br />
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== Personal life ==<br />
Her husband, Tsering Wange, is the president of the Arunachal Mountaineering and Adventure Sports Association. She has two daughters.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://arunachal24.in/tsering-wange-bags-india-travel-award-2017/ |title= Tsering Wange, the president of the Arunachal Mountaineering and Adventure Sports Association-|website= www.arunachal24.in|date= 28 July 2017}}</ref><br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Indian summiters of Mount Everest - Year wise]]<br />
*[[List of Mount Everest records of India]]<br />
*[[List of Mount Everest records]]<br />
*[[List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
<!--- See [[Bharatpedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}<br />
{{Indian mountaineers}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jamsenpa, Anshu}}<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:1979 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]]<br />
[[Category:Indian female mountain climbers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian summiteers of Mount Everest]]<br />
[[Category:Sportswomen from Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]<br />
[[Category:People from West Kameng district]]<br />
[[Category:Mountain climbers from Arunachal Pradesh]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=IPGMER_and_SSKM_Hospital&diff=447330IPGMER and SSKM Hospital2026-03-04T16:34:04Z<p>Julipfz: page updated</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Hospital and medical school in Kolkata, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox university<br />
| name = Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research<br />
| image_name = Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research Kolkata Logo.svg<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| former_name = Presidency General Hospital<br />
| motto = ''Thirst for Knowledge, Heartfelt for Ailing''<br />
| type = [[Public]] [[Medical school]]<br />
| established = {{circa|{{start date and age|df=yes|1707}}}}<br />
| founder = [[Supreme Council of Bengal|The Council of Fort William]]<br />
| accreditation = [[National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories|NABL]]<ref name=oncopath_lab/><br />
| academic_affiliations = [[West Bengal University of Health Sciences]]<br />
| top_free_label = Recognition<br />
| top_free = {{hlist| [[National Medical Commission|NMC]] | [[Indian Nursing Council|INC]]}}<br />
| budget = {{INRConvert|784.33|c|1|lk=on}}<br />{{small|(2023{{ndash}}24)}}<ref name=nirf_stud/><br />
| director = Dr. Manimoy Bandyopadhyay<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipgmer.gov.in/director.html|title=Director|access-date=17 April 2019|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815014615/https://www.ipgmer.gov.in/director.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
| academic_staff = 549 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud/><br />
| students = 1,662 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud>{{cite web |title=NIRF 2025 |url=https://www.ipgmer.gov.in/pdf/NIRF_data/NIRF_2025.pdf|publisher=IPGMER}}</ref><br />
| undergrad = 1,000 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud/><br />
| postgrad = 581 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud/><br />
| doctoral = 81 ({{small|2025}})<ref name=nirf_stud/><br />
| campus = [[Metropolis]]<br /> {{convert|34|acre|ha}}<br />
| city = [[Kolkata]]<br />
| state = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| free_label = Journal<br />
| free = ''Annals Of Medical Science and Research''<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 Jan 2021 |title=Annals of Medical Science & Research (AMSR) |url=https://journals.lww.com/amsr/Pages/default.aspx |access-date=1 Jan 2022 |website=[[Wolters Kluwer]] |publisher=[[Medknow Publications]] |location=[[Kolkata]] |language=English |issn=2949-7868 |oclc=1396866427}}</ref><br />
| coordinates = {{coord|22|32|20.39|N|88|20|27.27|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}<br />
| website = {{Official URL}}<br />
| logo = Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata Badge.svg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital''' (abbreviated as '''IPGMER and SSKM Hospital'''), colloquially known as '''PGI Kolkata''' & '''P. G. Hospital''', is a [[Public hospital|public]] [[medical school|medical college]] and [[Tertiary referral hospital|Tertiary]] [[Teaching hospital]] located in [[Kolkata]], [[India]]. It is a national [[research institute]]. It is a [[Center of Excellence]] in [[Medical Education]] and [[Medical research|Research]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 Oct 2021|title=Institution has received the tag of 'Centre of Excellence'|url=https://www.wbhealth.gov.in|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8|archive-date=28 October 2021|access-date=23 Oct 2021|website=wbhealth.gov.in}}</ref><br />
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== Location ==<br />
Located near [[Kolkata Race Course|Race Course]] ground and the [[Victoria Memorial, Kolkata|Victoria Memorial Hall]] of Kolkata, its location is in the heart of Kolkata surrounded by cultural and historical landmarks like the [[Nandan (Kolkata)|Nandan complex]], [[Rabindra Sadan]], [[Academy of Fine Arts, Kolkata|Academy of Fine Arts]] the [[St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata|Saint Paul's Cathedral]], the [[Indira Gandhi Sarani|Red Road]] and the [[Indian Museum]]. It faces the [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Maidan of Kolkata]] - a hot-spot for political rallies in the city. The [[Bangur Institute of Neurosciences]] is adjacent and functionally attached to this institution.<br />
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== History ==<br />
The first hospital in Calcutta was built in the premises of the Old Fort at Gerstein Place in 1707. The Council of Fort William constructed this hospital. Initially built for the Europeans till 1770, this hospital was then known as the Presidency Hospital, after the Presidency of Calcutta and due to its proximity to the Presidency Jail of Calcutta. Later, it came to be known as the Presidency General Hospital or P.G. Hospital for short - the name which is still commonly used. In independent India, the hospital was renamed as Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital in 1954 after great philanthropist of Calcutta, Sukhlal Karnani.<ref name=ss>{{cite web|title=IPGMER SSKM Hospital|url=http://www.ipgmer.gov.in/history.html|access-date=18 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609062817/http://www.ipgmer.gov.in/history.html|archive-date=9 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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P.G. Hospital was established in 1707.<ref name=ss/> The [[East India Company]] (Calcutta Council) purchased the plot of land, which was a gardenhouse (in 1768) from Rev. [[John Zacharias Kiernander]] at a cost of Rs. 98900.00 along with an adjoining plot belonging to a Bengali gentleman.<ref>Consultations, 26 April 1768</ref><br />
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Rev. John Zacharias Kiernander came to Bengal from Southern India in 1758 to work as the first Protestant missionary in Calcutta. The well known [[Old Mission Church, Kolkata|Old Mission Church (Bath Tephillah -'the House of Prayer')]], built by him was the earliest favourite place of Protestant worship in Mission Row at his own expense at a cost of Rs. 65,000 and established a mission school in the rear of the Church in 1767. The Presidency General Hospital was established near the St. John's Church (presently, in 1, Garstin Place and in its adjoining areas) which was in famous as a hellish side.{{Clarify|date=September 2023}}<br />
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According to Mrs. Bleshinden, "It was a veritable death-trap to those unfortunate who were driven to seek its shelter and had been the subject of constant complaint for years. At last in 1768. a house was purchased from a native gentleman for the purpose of a hospital. It stood to the south of the Maidan, practically in the country. This house with various alterations and additions, including two other buildings created in 1795 remained in us as the Presidency General Hospital".<br />
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[[File:এসএসকেএম হাসপাতাল ১.jpg|upright|thumb|Trauma care centre]]<br />
The construction of the hospital started after the Government occupied the land on 20 June 1769. The west wing was completed on 2 April 1770 and the east wing on 2 June 1770. Admission of the patients started on 22 April 1770.<br />
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[[File:Presidency General Hospital Plaque - Kolkata 2012-06-25 01433.jpg|thumb|left|220px|The plaque of the Presidency General Hospital, Kolkata.]]<br />
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The present Main Block was constructed between 1901 and 1902, the Woodburn Block, Administrative Building and Physiotherapy Building were built between 1902 and 1908. For construction of Woodburn block, total expense was Rs. 3.5 Lacs.<br />
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This hospital is the oldest general hospital in India, for the practice of modern medicine and for meaningful research.<br />
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It is mentioned in the book "The handbook of travellers in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh & Sri Lanka" by [[L. F. Rushbrook Williams]] that, "On the Lower Circular Road, South of Victoria Memorial is the Presidency General Hospital (1768), formerly intended for Europeans. In its place The European business community has established a well found clinic of his own. The Station military hospital, conspicuous by its pillared frontage was (1773) the court house of Sardar Dewani Adalat, the Chief Provincial Court of Appeal which ceased to exist on the establishment of High Court in 1862".<ref>[[L. F. Rushbrook Williams]], The handbook of travellers in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh & Sri Lanka</ref> From this record, it is quite evident that PG Hospital is a part, of world heritage, I am thankful to Calcutta Municipal Corporation and the Govt. of West. Bengal for declaring heritage status to this institution in response to my appeal dated 16.1.1998.<ref>List of Premises that the CMC intends to include in the heritage list in terms of section 425B of CMC Act, 1980 (Amended) SI. No. 706, Page 90, Ward 70, Borough 8.</ref><br />
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[[Sir Ronald Ross]] made his epoch-making-discovery of "Cycle of [[Malaria]]l Parasite" in this hospital and was awarded [[Nobel Prize]] in Medicine and Physiology on 10 December 1902.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/ross-bio.html Ronald Ross - Biography]</ref> He also received the Barkley Bronze Memorial Medal from Asiatic Society, Calcutta on 20 May 1903, Sir Ronald Ross is the first Indian (born at Almorah) Nobel laureate. After his retirement from service on 31 July 1899, he visited PG Hospital in January 1927, when the "Gate of Commemoration" bearing his statue and poem in the plaque was unveiled by Lord Lytton.<br />
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[[Michael Madhusudan Dutta]] was the first native Indian to be admitted to this hospital on 22 June 1873 and here he died on 29 June 1873.<br />
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Dr. Surendranath Ghosh was the first native Indian doctor to be appointed in PG Hospital.<ref>Prof, Subrata Sen, "Presidency General Hospital -Early Years" PG Bulletin (Vol. I. 16 January 1996)</ref> The first floor of the Woodburn Block was renamed as Dr. S. N. Ghosh Ward, by the then Chief minister Hon'ble Jyoti Basu following the publication of the article in PG Bulletin, along with a photograph of Dr. Ghosh and facsimile of his diary page. The first Indian doctor of the hospital has been bestowed with honour.<br />
<br />
[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru inaugurating IPGMER.jpg|thumb|right|220px|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] inaugurating IPGMER on 16 January 1957]] <br />
In 1957, an offer was made to transform what is now SSKM Hospital into an institute similar to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi.The then chief minister of West Bengal, Bidhan Chandra Roy, turned down the offer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 Feb 2009 |title=THE PROMISED LAND |work=[[The Telegraph (India)]] 08.02.09, 12:00 AM |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/the-promised-land/cid/503254 |url-status=live |access-date=8 Feb 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730091816/https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/the-promised-land/cid/503254 |archive-date=30 July 2023}}</ref> P.G. Hospital was the first Post Graduate Medical Institute in Eastern India in 1957 when it hospital came to be known as The Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research (IPGMER). It was inaugurated by [[Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru]], the then [[Prime Minister of India]], on 16 January 1957.<br />
<br />
Undergraduate medical training started here with 50 number of seats rather late in 2004 after clearance from the [[Medical Council Of India]] (now [[National Medical Commission]]).<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 May 2003 |title=Sham show at medical institute |work=[[The Times of India]] May 27, 2003, 04:13 IST |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sham-show-at-medical-institute/articleshow/47617027.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 May 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728013730/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sham-show-at-medical-institute/articleshow/47617027.cms |archive-date=28 July 2023}}</ref><br />
[[File:The heritage Woodburn Block in P.G Hospital 08.jpg|left|thumb|The Heritage Woodburn Block, named after sir John Woodburn]]<br />
The erstwhile Chief minister, Hon'ble [[Jyoti Basu]] had pledged his body to the advancement of medical science. After his demise, honoring his wishes, his body was handed over to the college authorities. This move has triggered a wave of body donations in the state.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newshopper.sulekha.com/body-donation-wave-in-bengal-after-basu-s-deed_news_1142385.htm |title=Body donation wave in Bengal after Basu's deed – Sulekha News |access-date=2010-07-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715065217/http://newshopper.sulekha.com/body-donation-wave-in-bengal-after-basu-s-deed_news_1142385.htm |archive-date=15 July 2012 |df=dmy-all }} Body donation wave in Bengal after Basu's deed</ref><br />
<br />
=== Recent History ===<br />
In 2015, [[Medical Council of India|MCI]] threatened to scrap the DM-Neonatology course due to lack of qualified faculty members for teaching the subject.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yengkhom|first=Sumati|date=July 3, 2015|title=Closure cloud on PG neonatology|language=English|work=[[The Times of India]] 02;42 IST|location=Kolkata|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/closure-cloud-on-pg-neonatology/articleshow/47918232.cms|access-date=July 3, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701161234/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/closure-cloud-on-pg-neonatology/articleshow/47918232.cms?from=mdr|archive-date=1 July 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
West Bengal's 1st free IVF unit at IPGMER.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thebengalichronicle.com/ivf-facilities-were-started-in-kolkata-mst|title=West Bengal's 1st free IVF unit to come up at SSKM|date=18 April 2022|website=The Bengali Chronicle|access-date=18 April 2022|archive-date=24 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724143829/https://thebengalichronicle.com/ivf-facilities-were-started-in-kolkata-mst|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In November 2021, Union [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]] selected IPGMER as one of 8 '''Centres of Excellence (CoEs) for Rare Diseases''', under the National Policy for Rare Diseases (NPRD), 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 Nov 2021 |title=Eight centres of excellence set up to treat rare diseases |work=[[The Hindu]] November 22, 2021 18:39 IST |location=Kozhikode |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/eight-centres-of-excellence-set-up-to-treat-rare-diseases/article37627388.ece |url-status=live |access-date=22 Nov 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122134952/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/eight-centres-of-excellence-set-up-to-treat-rare-diseases/article37627388.ece |archive-date=22 November 2021}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The institute has started telemedicine-gastroenterology services for patients from districts and remote areas since October 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 Oct 2022 |title=Gastro telemedicine hub at SSKM |work=[[The Times of India]] Oct 22, 2022, 08:09 IST |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/gastro-telemedicine-hub-at-sskm/articleshow/95022915.cms |url-status=live |access-date=22 Oct 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107110631/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/gastro-telemedicine-hub-at-sskm/articleshow/95022915.cms |archive-date=7 November 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
In July 2023, the institution took an initiative called '''Medimpact''' to provide free online access to teaching sessions of faculty members attached with IPGMER-Kolkata, for medical students from across the globe.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yengkhom |first=Sumati |date=5 July 2023 |title=Any med student can access SSKM lectures online |work=[[The Times of India]] Jul 5, 2023, 08:19 IST |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/any-med-student-can-access-sskm-lectures-online/articleshow/101500817.cms |url-status=live |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729030251/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/any-med-student-can-access-sskm-lectures-online/articleshow/101500817.cms |archive-date=29 July 2023}}</ref> separated head and neck surgery department with cutting edege fecilities started operation from 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yengkhom |first=Sumati |date=2025-02-12 |title=SSKM Hosp gets separate facility for head-neck ops |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sskm-hosp-gets-separate-facility-for-head-neck-ops/articleshowprint/118154701.cms |access-date=2025-02-12 |work=[[The Times of India]] Feb 12, 2025, 12.02 AM IST}}</ref><br />
<br />
In March 2025 the launch of [[Robot-assisted surgery|robotic surgery]] at IPGMER represents a significant leap forward in [[Health technology|medical technology]] in [[East India|Eastern India]], enhancing the quality of care available to patients. This initiative not only reflects the commitment of IPGMER to improve healthcare services but also positions it as a leader in adopting innovative medical practices.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yengkhom |first=Sumati |date=11 March 2025 |title=IPGMER first govt hosp in E India to launch robotic op |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/ipgmer-first-govt-hosp-in-e-india-to-launch-robotic-op/articleshowprint/118901956.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618063629/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/ipgmer-first-govt-hosp-in-e-india-to-launch-robotic-op/articleshowprint/118901956.cms |archive-date=18 June 2025 |access-date=11 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] Mar 11, 2025, 11.59 PM IST |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Institute has achieved a historic milestone by becoming the first medical institution in Eastern and Northeast India to receive the '''Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE)''' status. Conferred by the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Union Health Ministry]], this prestigious recognition highlights the institute's exceptional contributions to clinical studies. Backed by a ₹3 crore infrastructure grant, the unit will now spearhead breakthrough research in tuberculosis, liver cancer, and neonatal care, significantly elevating patient care standards and fostering a robust scientific temperament.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yengkhom |first=Sumati |date=18 Feb 2026 |title=SSKM research unit first in east-NE zone to get excellence tag from Centre |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sskm-research-unit-first-in-east-ne-zone-to-get-excellence-tag-from-centre/articleshowprint/128476827.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260304163146/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sskm-research-unit-first-in-east-ne-zone-to-get-excellence-tag-from-centre/articleshowprint/128476827.cms |archive-date=4 Mar 2026 |access-date=18 Feb 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] Feb 18, 2026, 02:51 IST |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Rankings==<br />
{{Infobox university rankings<br />
| USNWR_W =535<br />
| USNWR_W_year = 2024<br />
| USNWR_W_ref =<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/institute-of-post-graduate-medical-education-research-ipgmer-kolkata-529911|title=Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research (IPGMER), Kolkata 2024 Rankings|work=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|access-date=1 Jan 2024|language=en}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox India university ranking<br />
| type = Academic<br />
<!----------Medical----------><br />
| NIRF_M_2025 = 23<br />
| NIRF_M_2024 = 22<br />
| NIRF_M_2023 = 24<br />
| NIRF_M_2022 = 21<br />
}}<br />
IPGMER ranked 23 in medical Section in India in 2025 by [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]].<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_M_2025/><br />
<br />
== Layout ==<br />
One end of the premises contains various outpatient departments, wards and clinics, while the other comprises the administrative and college buildings for medical and paramedical students. The wards include Curzon, Victoria, Alexander, etc. in the Main block, the O&G blocks. Other services are the out patient departments and wards of Chest, Cancer, Nephrology, etc. The teaching buildings include the UCM, Ronald Ross, Psychiatry building, Old Emergency Building, housing lecture theaters, museums and laboratories.<br />
<br />
Academic building is in the heart of hospital campus. It was established in 2014.<br />
<br />
The medical college Library is situated in the seventh floor. There are two separate sections of library for the UG and PG students.<br />
<br />
'''HOSTEL FACILITY:'''<br />
<br />
There are three hostels for undergraduates and one hostel for postgraduate students, all inside the college campus.<br />
<br />
There are separate boys' and girls' hostels. A newly constructed boys hostel named NEW MBBS BOYS HOSTEL is inside the PG campus and one UG hostel named MAIN HOSTEL is inside the college campus. A newly constructed UG girls' hostel is adjacent to the Academic building .<br />
<br />
The cultural fest of IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital is '''CRUX''' which is held annually around August–September.<br />
<br />
== Organization and administration ==<br />
<br />
It is currently affiliated to the [[West Bengal University of Health Sciences]]. From 1857 to 2003, it was affiliated with the historic [[University of Calcutta]]. It is funded and run by the [[Government of West Bengal]]. Affiliated to [[State Medical Faculty of West Bengal]] for Paramedical education.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Medical Faculty of West Bengal |url=https://smfwb.in/govtinstitutions.html |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=smfwb.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IPGMER SSKM Hospital Kolkata West Bengal India |url=https://www.ipgmer.gov.in/paramedicaldiplomacourses |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=www.ipgmer.gov.in}}</ref><br />
{| class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin-right:1em; font-size:85%; background:#ffc; color:black; width:22em; max-width:25%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"<br />
! style="white-space: nowrap; background:#00356B; text-align:center;color:white;padding:.2em;"| Directors<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align: left;" |<br />
* '''Maj. Gen. (Dr.) A.K. Gupta''', 1958 – 1963<br />
* '''Dr. C.L. Mukherjee''', 1963–1965<br />
* '''Dr. M.M. Mukherjee''', 1965–1968<br />
* '''Dr. A.K. Basu''', 1968–1969<br />
* '''Dr. K.C. Basu Mallick''', 1969–1972<br />
* '''Dr. D.P. Basu''', 1972–1974<br />
* '''Dr. M.K. Chhetri''', 1974–1977<br />
* '''Dr. S.R. Mukherjee''', 1977–1977<br />
* '''Dr. K.P. Sengupta''', 1977–1980<br />
* '''Dr. S.K. Sarkar''', 1980–1982<br />
* '''Dr. S.C. Lahiri''', 1982–1983<br />
* '''Dr. [[Ajita Chakraborty]]''', 1983–1984<br />
* '''Dr. R.N. Roy''', 1984–1986<br />
* '''Dr. P. Majumdar''', 1986–1988<br />
* '''Dr. A.K. Chandra''', 1988–1990<br />
* '''Dr. D. Sen''', 1990–1996<br />
* '''Dr. S. Banerjee''', 1996–1997<br />
* '''Dr. Dahlia Banerjee''', 1997–1999<br />
* '''Dr. A.K. Maity''', 1999–2003<br />
* '''Dr. B.D. Banerjee''', 2003–2004<br />
* '''Dr. Prabir K. Sur''', 2004–2007<br />
* '''Dr. Pradip Kumar Deb''', 2007–2008<br />
* '''Dr. Pradip Kumar Mitra''', 2008–2015<br />
* '''Dr. Manju Banerjee''', 2015–2017<br />
* '''Dr. Ajay Kumar Ray''', 2017–2018<br />
* '''Dr. Manimoy Bandhopadhyay''', 2018–''Incumbent''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Campuses ==<br />
On 2019, Chief Minister [[Mamata Banerjee]] inaugurated a 244-bed level-1 [[Trauma Care|Trauma Care Centre]] at IPGMER. It has been built on the lines of a unit at [[AIIMS New Delhi]], to cater to trauma patients.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yengkhom|first=Sumati|date=July 3, 2019|title=SSKM trauma care unit to start operations in 10 days|work=[[The Times of India]] 09:39 IST|location=Kolkata|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sskm-trauma-care-unit-to-start-ops-in-10-days/articleshow/70048180.cms|access-date=July 3, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630161159/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sskm-trauma-care-unit-to-start-ops-in-10-days/articleshow/70048180.cms|archive-date=June 30, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Cancer care Hub ===<br />
In June 2021 [[Chief Minister]] [[Mamata Banerjee]] announced that [[Government of West Bengal]] has tied up with [[Tata Memorial Centre]], [[Mumbai]] to set up 2 state-of-the-art cancer hospitals in West Bengal - one unit will be in SSKM Hospital campus, and the other will be in [[North Bengal Medical College and Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Yengkhom |first1=Sumati |last2=Konar |first2=Debashis |date=1 July 2021 |title=Bengal government ties up with Mumbai hospital for 2 cancer units |work=[[The Times of India]] Jul 1, 2021, 06:27 IST |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/state-ties-up-with-mum-hosp-for-2-cancer-units/articleshow/83999860.cms |url-status=live |access-date=1 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630225914/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/state-ties-up-with-mum-hosp-for-2-cancer-units/articleshow/83999860.cms |archive-date=30 June 2021}}</ref><br />
Chemotherapy daycare services have been started at PG's Annex-6, Kolkata Police Hospital since April 2022. Initially, 32 beds can serve 50 patients daily, said doctors at the radiotherapy department of PG. Chemotherapy for breast, lung, head and neck, cervical cancer is being given at the day-care center of the police hospital.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 May 2022 |title=Chemotherapy service started in day-care at the police hospital by at SSKM Hospital |trans-title=পুলিশ হাসপাতালে ডে-কেয়ারে পিজির কেমোথেরাপি পরিষেবা শুরু |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/kolkata/chemotherapy-service-started-in-day-care-at-the-police-hospital-by-at-sskm-hospital/cid/1346417 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525100316/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/kolkata/chemotherapy-service-started-in-day-care-at-the-police-hospital-by-at-sskm-hospital/cid/1346417 |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=25 May 2022 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] 25 May 2022 07:11 IST |location=Kolkata |language=Bengali}}</ref> <br />
Oncopathology department of the institute has been accredited by the [[National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories]] (NABL). This is the first time in eastern India that a state government hospital has got this recognition. SSKM has been working with Mumbai's [[Tata Memorial Centre|Tata Memorial Hospital]] for the last two years to develop [[State of the art|state-of-the-art]] [[cancer treatment]] facilities in the state.<ref name=oncopath_lab>{{Cite news |last=Yengkhom |first=Sumati |date=9 December 2024 |title=NABL accreditation for SSKM oncopathology lab |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sskm-oncopathology-lab-achieves-prestigious-nabl-accreditation-for-cancer-care-hub-in-kolkata/articleshowprint/116145361.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229023957/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sskm-oncopathology-lab-achieves-prestigious-nabl-accreditation-for-cancer-care-hub-in-kolkata/articleshowprint/116145361.cms |archive-date=29 December 2024 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] Dec 9, 2024, 08.47 PM IST}}</ref><br />
{{Anchor|Cancer care Hub}}<br />
{{Infobox hospital<br />
| name = Cancer Care Hub<br />
| org_group = <br />
| logo = <br />
| logo_size = <br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|type:landmark|display=inline, title}} --><br />
| location = <br />
| region = <br />
| state = <br />
| country = <br />
| healthcare = <!-- UK: NHS; AU/CA: Medicare; ELSE free-form text, e.g. Private --><br />
| funding = <br />
| type = Specialist<br />
| religious_affiliation = <br />
| affiliation = <br />
| patron = <br />
| network = <br />
| standards = <br />
| emergency = <br />
| beds = 154<br />
| speciality = [[Oncology]]<br />
| helipad = <br />
| h1-number = <br />
| h1-length-f = <br />
| h1-length-m = <br />
| h1-surface = <!-- up to h12 --><br />
| former_names = <br />
| constructed = <br />
| opened = {{start date and age|19 November 2022}}<!-- cite in article as well --><br />
| closed = <br />
| demolished = <br />
| website = <!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} --><br />
| other_links = <br />
| module = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Medical units ===<br />
* Institute of Psychiatry<br />
* [[Bangur Institute of Neurosciences]]<br />
* Sambhunath Pandit Hospital<ref>{{Cite news|last=Konar|first=Debashis|date=July 30, 2012|title=SSKM hospital to get Sambhunath Pundit hospital as annexe|work=[[The Times of India]] 03:28 IST|location=Kolkata|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sskm-hospital-to-get-sambhunath-pundit-hospital-as-annexe/articleshow/15264267.cms|access-date=July 30, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630142924/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sskm-hospital-to-get-sambhunath-pundit-hospital-as-annexe/articleshow/15264267.cms?from=mdr|archive-date=June 30, 2021}}</ref><br />
* Ramrikdas Haralanka Hospital<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chakraborti|first=Suman|date=March 24, 2014|title=Second Campus for SSKM|work=[[The Times of India]] 02:50am IST|location=Kolkata|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/second-campus-for-sskm/articleshow/32571618.cms|access-date=March 24, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325032012/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Second-campus-for-SSKM/articleshow/32571618.cms|archive-date=March 25, 2014}}</ref><br />
* PG Polyclinic<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 15, 2019|title= New Polyclinic Opened in SSKM Hospital (ক্লিনিক চালু করল পিজি)|language=Bengali|work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] 00:40am IST|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/kolkata/new-polyclinic-opened-in-sskm-hospital-1.932788|access-date=January 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120152617/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/kolkata/new-polyclinic-opened-in-sskm-hospital-1.932788|archive-date=January 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
* Kidderpore Maternity Home<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Yengkhom|first1=Sumati|last2=Ray|first2=Saikat|date=January 29, 2021|title=Ekbalpore gets maternity home|work=[[The Times of India]] 04:00 IST|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/ekbalpore-gets-maternity-home/articleshow/80517615.cms|access-date=January 29, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128223504/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/ekbalpore-gets-maternity-home/articleshow/80517615.cms|archive-date=January 28, 2021}}</ref><br />
* Kolkata Police Hospital<ref>{{Cite web |date=Jan 6, 2022 |title=NMC Mandated Information 2021 |url=https://www.ipgmer.gov.in/NMC-Mandated-Information-2021.pdf |website=IPGMER Kolkata |access-date=3 July 2022 |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702222626/https://ipgmer.gov.in/NMC-Mandated-Information-2021.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Academics==<br />
=== Academic Departments ===<br />
{{Div col|rules=yes|gap=2em|small=|colwidth=10em}}<br />
*[[Anaesthesiology]]<br />
*[[Anatomy]]<br />
*[[Biochemistry]]<br />
*[[Cardiology]] <br />
*[[Cardiothoracic anesthesiology|Cardiac Anesthesiology]]<br />
*Cardiothoracic & [[Vascular surgery]]<br />
*[[Chest medicine]] ([[Pulmonology]])<br />
*[[Intensive care medicine|Critical Care Medicine]]<br />
*[[Community health|Community Medicine]]<br />
*[[Dentistry]]<br />
*[[Dermatology]]<br />
*[[Emergency medicine]]<br />
*[[Endocrinology]] & [[Metabolism]]<br />
*ENT ([[Otorhinolaryngology]])<br />
*[[Forensic Medicine|Forensic]] & [[state medicine]]<br />
*[[Gastroenterology]]<br />
*[[General surgery]]<br />
*[[Genomics]]<br />
*[[Gynecology]] & [[Obstetrics]]<br />
*[[Infectious Diseases]]<br />
*[[Medicine]]<br />
*[[Microbiology]]<br />
*[[Neonatology]]<br />
*[[Nephrology]]<br />
*[[Neurosurgical anesthesia|Neuro-anaesthesiology]]<br />
*[[Neurology]] (Neuromedicine)<br />
*[[Neurosurgery]]<br />
*[[Nuclear medicine|Nuclear]] & [[Medical research|Experimental Medical Sciences]]<br />
*[[Nursing]]<br />
*[[Ophthalmology]] (Eye)<br />
*[[Orthopaedic surgery]]<br />
*[[Pathology]]<br />
*[[Paediatrics|Paediatric Medicine]]<br />
*[[Paediatric surgery]]<br />
*[[Pharmacology]]<br />
*[[Physical medicine and rehabilitation]]<br />
*[[Physiology]]<br />
*[[Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery]]<br />
*[[Psychiatry]]<br />
*Radiodiagnosis<br />
*[[Radiotherapy]]<br />
*[[Respiratory Medicine]]<br />
*[[Surgical oncology]]<br />
*[[Urology]]<br />
*[[Rheumatology]] and [[Clinical Immunology]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Center of Excellences===<br />
* Bangur Institute of Neurosciences<br />
* INS Sciences Cardiology<br />
* Institute of Psychiatry<br />
* Institute of Otorhinolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery<br />
* School of Digestive and Liver Diseases<br />
* School of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation<br />
* Center of Excellence in Reproductive Medicine<br />
<br />
=== Achievements and Innovations ===<br />
In December 2021, Department by Surgical Gastroenterology led by Dr Abhijit Chowdhury, Dr.Sukanta Ray, Dr. Somak Das and Dr Tuhin Subhra Mandal conducted a liver transplant with its own team of doctors for the first time since the state-run hospital began liver transplant in 2009.[https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/my-kolkata/news/sskm-doctors-conduct-liver-transplant/cid/1844622]<br />
<br />
From 19 April 2022, West Bengal's first fertility center in a government hospital has started functioning at IPGMER. The center of excellence in reproductive medicine opened its doors to outdoor patients.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yengkhom |first=Sumati |date=Apr 22, 2022 |title=Bengal's first govt hospital fertility centre starts OPD |work=[[The Times of India]] 10:31 IST |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bengals-first-govt-hosp-fertility-centre-starts-opd/articleshow/90990203.cms |access-date=Apr 22, 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2023, IPGMER's Department of Endocrinology has developed a non-invasive diagnostic test that can detect if a thyroid tumour is malignant or benign. It can also reveal the sub-type of the cancer.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1 Jan 2023 |title=Detection of driver mutations in plasma cell–free nucleic acids in differentiated thyroid neoplasm |url=https://academic.oup.com/ejendo/article-abstract/188/1/135/6976051?redirectedFrom=fulltext |journal=[[European Journal of Endocrinology]] |volume=188 |issue=1 |pages=135–143 |doi=10.1093/ejendo/lvac018 |pmid=36744987 |via=[[Oxford University Press]] |last1=Dutta |first1=S. |last2=Tarafdar |first2=S. |last3=Mukhopadhyay |first3=P. |last4=Bhattacharyya |first4=N. P. |last5=Ghosh |first5=S. |url-access=subscription }}</ref><br />
<br />
Dr. Sujoy Ghosh, an endocrinologist at SSKM Hospital in Kolkata, has recently been honored with the [[International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes|ISPAD]] 2025 Award for his innovative contributions to [[Pediatric Diabetes|pediatric diabetes]] care, specifically through the development of the "Bengal model."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yengkhom |first=Sumati |date=27 June 2025 |title=Global honour for SSKM doctor's 'Bengal model' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/global-honour-for-sskm-doctors-bengal-model/articleshow/122097091.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250708140208/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/global-honour-for-sskm-doctors-bengal-model/articleshowprint/122097091.cms |archive-date=8 Jul 2025 |access-date=27 June 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |location=[[Kolkata]] |language=English |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[Medical College Kolkata]]<br />
*[[Calcutta National Medical College]]<br />
*[[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]]<br />
*[[National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections]]<br />
*[[Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College and Hospital]]<br />
*[[Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|3}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.ipgmer.gov.in/}}<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
<br />
{{Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Health Sciences}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ipgmer And Sskm Hospital}}<br />
[[Category:1707 establishments in the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Affiliates of West Bengal University of Health Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1770]]<br />
[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in the 18th century]]<br />
[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1908]]<br />
[[Category:Hospitals in Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:Hospitals in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Medical colleges in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Medical research institutes in India]]<br />
[[Category:1707 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vannathupoochi&diff=543585Vannathupoochi2026-03-03T04:21:55Z<p>Julipfz: new some page needs work!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Vannathupoochi poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Promotional poster<br />
| native_name = <!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --><br />
| director = C. Azhagappan<br />
| producer = C. Azhagappan<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|*Sri Lakshmi<br />
*Siddharth<br />
*Madhavi Sharma<br />
*[[Bala Singh]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = Rehan<br />
| studio = Mother Arts International<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2009|8|7}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Vannathupoochi''''' ({{Translation|Butterfly}}) is a 2009 Indian Tamil-language [[children's film]] directed by C. Azhagappan and starring newcomers Sri Lakshmi, Siddharth and Madhavi Sharma alongside [[Bala Singh]].<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
{{no plot|date=April 2024}}<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
*Sri Lakshmi as Divyabharathi<br />
*Siddharth as Arun<br />
*Madhavi Sharma as Chitra<br />
*Chaya Devi<br />
*Sarath<br />
*Karthik<br />
*Dhanush<br />
*Ponnur Babu<br />
*Meshak<br />
*[[Bala Singh]] as Chinnasamy<br />
*[[Revathi]] as a judge (guest appearance)<br />
*Amudha Bharathi<br />
*V. Vimalraj<br />
*Ramesh<br />
*[[Aadukalam Naren|Naren]]<br />
*Mahanadi Dinesh<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
The film marked the directorial debut of Azhagappan, who previously assisted [[Kamal Haasan]].<ref>{{cite magazine |date=23 March 2008 |title=பட்டாம்பூச்சிகளின் உலகம்... |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2008-03-23/kalki2008-03-23.pdf |access-date=13 January 2026 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=73-74 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music was composed by Rehan.<br />
<br />
{{track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Eai Vangada<br />
| extra1 = [[Mukesh Mohamed|Mukesh]]<br />
| length1 = 3:32<br />
| title2 = Elamai Konjam<br />
| extra2 = Prasanna, Priya<br />
| length2 = 5:18<br />
| title3 = Katril Katril<br />
| lyrics3 = [[Palani Bharathi]]<br />
| extra3 = Hemambika, Ghana Sundara<br />
| length3 = 4:25<br />
| title4 = Mazhai Varum<br />
| extra4 = Krishna Raj<br />
| length4 = 4:43<br />
| title5 = Ore Oru<br />
| extra5 = Padmapriya<br />
| length5 = 3:40<br />
| title6 = Yaarukul Yaaro<br />
| extra6 = Prasanna<br />
| length6 = 3:07<br />
| total_length = 24:45<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "The deep bonding between a rustic grandpa and his city-bred little grand daughter, each filling up the emotional void in the other, is narrated with a fair amount of interest in ''Vannathupoochi''. The film carries a relevant message to the parents, on the importance of sensitising themselves to the emotional needs of their children".<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2009 |title=Vannathupoochi |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2009/Aug/10/vannathupoochi-76191.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308050347/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2009/Aug/10/vannathupoochi-76191.html |archive-date=8 March 2024 |access-date=8 March 2024 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><!--https://movie.webindia123.com/film/movie/694/vannathupoochi/ --><!--https://www.thuglak.com/thuglak/newscontent.php?newsid=4227 --> A critic from ''[[Dinamalar]]'' wrote that Azhagappan should be commended for capturing the children's future and urban parents who forget the present and live mechanically and the children indecencies beautifully and vividly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/67/|title=வண்ணத்துப்பூச்சி|work=[[Dinamalar]]|language=ta|date=18 August 2009|access-date=4 January 2024|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203155012/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/67/|url-status=live}}</ref> In a mixed review, a critic from ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' rated the film two out of five stars and wrote that "Rasi Azhhagappan can be appreciated for taking a theme that is far from commercial cliches, but at the same time he fails to handle it with maturity".<ref>{{Cite web |last=D. I. |first=Aravindan |date=7 August 2009 |title='Vannathupoochi' noble concept gone awry (Tamil Film Review) |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2009/aug/07/vannathupoochi-75596.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104090613/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2009/aug/07/vannathupoochi-75596.html |archive-date=4 January 2024 |access-date=4 January 2024 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref><!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20090813024926/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/08/07/stories/2009080750230200.htm --><br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
Sri Lakshmi won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Child Artist]] for her role in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2009 |title=Tamil Nadu State Film Awards 2009 Photos |url=https://moviegalleri.net/2009/12/tamil-nadu-state-film-awards-2009-pics-images-photos-stills.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422081648/https://moviegalleri.net/2009/12/tamil-nadu-state-film-awards-2009-pics-images-photos-stills.html |archive-date=22 April 2024 |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=Moviegalleri.net |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2009 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2009 children's films]]<br />
[[Category:2009 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:2009 films]]<br />
[[Category:2009 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian children's films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jambughoda_Wildlife_Sanctuary&diff=449006Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary2026-02-22T23:18:21Z<p>Julipfz: Article updated with latest changes</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Wildlife samctuary in India}}<br />
{{Infobox protected area<br />
| name = Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary<br />
| alt_name = <br />
| iucn_category = IV<br />
| image = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| map = India Gujarat#India<br />
| image_map = Map_Guj_Nat_Parks_Sanctuary.png<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Map of [[Gujarat]] showing places like [[Gir Forest]] and [[Panchmahal]] District (where [[Jambughoda]] is located).<br />
| map_width = <br />
| relief = 1<br />
| mapframe = Yes<br />
| mapframe-zoom = 9<br />
| location = Jambughoda, Panchmahal, Gujarat, [[India]]<br />
| nearest_city = [[Vadodara]]<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| coords_ref = <br />
| region = <br />
| area = 542.08<br />
| established = 7 August, 1989<br />
| visitation_num = <br />
| visitation_year = <br />
| governing_body = [http://gujaratforest.gov.in/index.htm Forest Department of Gujarat]<br />
| url = <br />
| child = <br />
| module =<br />
}}<br />
'''Jambughoda''' is a Wildlife Sanctuary situated in [[Jambughoda]] [[Tehsil]], in the South-Central part of [[Gujarat]], and the [[Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]]' [[ecoregion]]&lt;ref name=IM0206&gt;{{WWF ecoregion |id=im0206 |name=Khathiar-Gir Dry Deciduous Forests |accessdate=2017-02-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; in [[India]]. It is located 70 km from [[Vadodara]] and 20 km from prominent tourist places such as [[Pawagadh]] and [[Champaner]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=About Jambughoda|url=http://www.vananchal.com/about_jambughoda.html|publisher=Vananchal|accessdate=16 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618105654/http://www.vananchal.com/about_jambughoda.html|archive-date=18 June 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== History and geography ==<br />
Located in the Panchmahal district of Central Gujarat and 130.38 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. area declared as a sanctuary in May 1990, Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary is home for a variety of animals and plants. A small part of the sanctuary (Targol Round) falls in the adjoining Vadodara district. The area has two water reservoirs – one at Kada and the other at Targol. These water bodies add to the aesthetic settings and diversity of the [[habitat]]. The sanctuary's wildlife depends on these two reservoirs.<br />
<br />
The most striking feature of the area is the undulating hills having a good forest cover, with the valleys having small human settlements. The places of interest are Kada, Targol and Jhand Hanuman temple. Of these, the most picturesque location is Kada, where a beautiful forest [[rest house]] stands on the banks of an irrigation reservoir. Due to its proximity to the cosmopolitan city of Vadodara, the sanctuary is an ideal resort and camping site for the city's people.<br />
<br />
People of the area are mainly [[tribal]]. There are 25 villages (including 5 villages inside the Sanctuary) which are distributed among five forest blocks and two ranges. Local tribals collect minor forest produce from the area for their livelihood. People also allow grazing of their livestock and cut wood in the forest. The status of the management of the PA is good, but needs to be improved by taking up habitat steps, so that animals can be provisioned with adequate food, water and shelter. Grazing and wood removed by local people and fire in the forest cause damage to the habitat. Local people encroach upon the land of the PA and hence the area needs to be re-demarcated.<br />
<br />
=== Jambughoda State ===<br />
{{Main|Jambughoda State}}<br />
<br />
The area was a part of the [[princely state]] of [[Jambughoda State|Jambughoda]] prior to independence. Within India, it was a part of the [[Bombay Province]] during the [[British Raj]]. Its rulers belonged to the Parmar dynasty and took the title of Thakur Sahib. The last ruler was [[Ranjitsinhji Gambhirsinhji]] (b. 1892) who reigned from 27 Sep 1917 to 15 Aug 1947.&lt;ref&gt;[http://rulers.org/indstat1.html Princely States]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/jambugodha.html |title=Jambughoda Princely State |access-date=2014-06-29 |archive-date=2018-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710033019/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/jambugodha.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Flora ==<br />
It is a forest of [[teak]], [[bamboo]] and other miscellaneous species. [[Flora]] here include Sag, sadad, [[shisham]], [[khair]], mahuda, bamboos, timru, bor, dhav, bili and dudhalo.<br />
<br />
== Fauna ==<br />
Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary hosts 17 [[mammal]]ian species including large colonies of [[Indian flying fox]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Vyas, R. |author2=Upadhyay, K. |date=2014 |title=Study of the Indian Flying Fox (''Pteropus giganteus'') Colonies of Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India: Record of largest roosting congregation at Targol |journal=Small Mammal Mail 22 (2) |pages=2–8}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Indian giant squirrel]] was photographed for the first time in March 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Suthar, A.R. |author2=Amin, S. |date=2017 |title=First photographic record of Indian giant flying squirrel ''Petaurista philippensis'' Elliot, 1839 from Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat |journal=International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=196–197 |url=http://www.faunajournal.com/archives/2017/vol4issue4/PartC/4-4-13-264.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
A [[rusty-spotted cat]] was sighted in October 2013 preying on a [[bat]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Devkar, R. |author2=Bhatt, R. |author3=Upadhyay, K. |date=Autumn 2016 |title=Rusty-spotted cat predating on bats |journal=Cat News |issue=64 |pages=27–28}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
Among the other [[carnivores]] are the [[Striped hyena|hyena]], [[Indian wolf|wolf]] and [[Golden jackal|jackal]]. The [[Indian sloth bear]] is occasionally reported from the area.<br />
Besides [[civets]], [[mongoose]], [[porcupine]] and several species of [[rodents]] are found in the area.<br />
The area has also many varieties of [[reptiles]] as well, which include many [[venomous]] and non-venomous snakes. The [[Indian Python|python]], [[crocodile]] and other herpetofauna also exist here.<br />
Birdlife is plentiful. In the past, the [[junglefowl]] was abundant here, but the species is now exterminated from the area, or has become rare.<br />
The [[barking deer]], [[Four-horned antelope|four horned antelope]], [[Blue bull]] and [[wild boar]] are the [[ungulate]]s occurring in the sanctuary.{{cn|date=March 2018}}<br />
<br />
== Places of interest around Jambughoda ==<br />
* [[Champaner]] - UNESCO&amp;nbsp; — World Heritage site<br />
* [[Pavagadh]] - Pilgrimage centre<br />
* [[Sukhi Dam]]<br />
* Kada Dam<br />
* Jand Hanuman<br />
* Hathini Mata Dhodh<br />
<br />
== Transport ==<br />
The nearest airports are in Vadodara (90&amp;nbsp;km) and Ahmedabad (180&amp;nbsp;km. approx.). The nearest bus stations are in Shivrajpur (1&amp;nbsp;km) and Bodeli (12&amp;nbsp;km). The nearest railway station is in Vadodara, and Bodeli too.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Gir Forest]]<br />
* [[Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Coord|22.3667|N|73.7167|E|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]]<br />
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Panchmahal district]]<br />
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:1989 establishments in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1989]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajani_Sharma&diff=528415Rajani Sharma2026-02-16T15:00:27Z<p>Julipfz: created new bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian rhythmic gymnast}}<br />
{{Infobox gymnast|name=Rajani Sharma|country={{IND}}|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1984|01|10|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[India]]|discipline=RG|headcoach=Neetu Bala|height={{convert|162|cm|ftin}}}}<br />
<br />
'''Rajani Sharma''' (born 10 January 1984) is a retired Indian [[Rhythmic gymnastics|rhythmic gymnast]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHARMA Rajani - FIG Athlete Profile |url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/athletes/bio_detail.php?id=20150 |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=www.gymnastics.sport}}</ref> She represented her country in international competitions.<br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
In 2003 Rajani debuted at the [[2003–2004 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup series|World Cup]] in [[Baku]]. In December she became the national champion of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajani Sharma of Punjab, who was adjudged the best Rhythmic Gymanst in the National Gymnastics Championship at Mohali on December 30, 2003. |url=https://blchangemakers.in/details-page.php?id=2166729 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In April 2004 she again competed at the World Cup in Azerbaijan's capital.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The history and development of gymnastics in India after indipendece |url=https://gsmp.in/assets/pdf/Volume-7Number-1,June-2021/6.pdf |website=gsmp.in |access-date=2024-04-22 |archive-date=2024-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422173825/https://gsmp.in/assets/pdf/Volume-7Number-1,June-2021/6.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2005 she was selected for the [[2005 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]] in [[Baku]]. There she took 31st place in teams, along [[Jasan Deep Kaur]], [[Komal Ishwer Nahar]] and [[Surekha Rana]], 120th place in the All-Around, 109th with rope, 110th with clubs and 109th with ribbon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Worlds Ribbon Results |url=https://gym.longinestiming.com/File/00000401010000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF07 |website=gym.longinestiming.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 World Championships Teams |url=https://gym.longinestiming.com/File/00000401010000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF03 |website=gym.longinestiming.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Worlds Rope Results |url=https://gym.longinestiming.com/File/00000401010000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF04 |website=gym.longinestiming.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Worlds Clubs Results |url=https://gym.longinestiming.com/File/00000401010000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF06 |website=gym.longinestiming.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
A year later Sharma was selected for the [[2006 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] in [[Melbourne]] where she placed 7th in teams and 26th in the All-Around.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-08-29 |title=M2006 > Schedule and Results > Gymnastics Rhythmic |url=http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/Schedule%20and%20Results/By%20Sport/Gymnastics%20Rhythmic/Results/Result%20-%20GR15009XXXXXXX?ScheduleItemID=30887 |access-date=2024-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060829214020/http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/Schedule%20and%20Results/By%20Sport/Gymnastics%20Rhythmic/Results/Result%20-%20GR15009XXXXXXX?ScheduleItemID=30887 |archive-date=2006-08-29 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-08-29 |title=M2006 > Schedule and Results > Gymnastics Rhythmic |url=http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/Schedule%20and%20Results/By%20Sport/Gymnastics%20Rhythmic/Results/Result%20-%20GR11009XXXXXXX?ScheduleItemID=30886 |access-date=2024-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060829214110/http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/Schedule%20and%20Results/By%20Sport/Gymnastics%20Rhythmic/Results/Result%20-%20GR11009XXXXXXX?ScheduleItemID=30886 |archive-date=2006-08-29 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Women gymnasts eliminated in the qualification round |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-women-gymnasts-eliminated-in-the-qualification-round-1019965 |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Rajani}}<br />
[[Category:1984 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian rhythmic gymnasts]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rakesh_Mishra&diff=528862Rakesh Mishra2026-02-10T02:51:59Z<p>Julipfz: created a data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian biologist}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox scientist<br />
| name = Rakesh Mishra<br />
| image = Rakesh Mishra.jpg<br />
| caption = Indian Geneticist; Former Director, CSIR-CCMB; Director, TIGS, Bengaluru<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|4|14|df=y}} <ref name="INSA">{{Cite web |url=http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/PINSA/Vol80_2014_5_Art17.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2 November 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081453/http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/PINSA/Vol80_2014_5_Art17.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
| birth_place =<br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
| field = [[Genome Organisation]], <br />[[Chromatin Structure]]<br />
| work_institution = [[Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology]], Hyderabad<br />
| alma_mater = [[University of Allahabad]]<ref name="Bio" /><br />
| doctoral_advisor = <br />
| doctoral_students = <br />
| known_for = <br />
| prizes = <br />
| religion = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| website = {{URL|https://www.ccmb.res.in/Research/Research-Groups/Rakesh-K-Mishra|Homepage}} <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rakesh Kumar Mishra''' is an Indian scientist specializing in [[genomics]] and [[epigenetics]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2 November 2016 |archive-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104001952/http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mishra retired as the 6th director of [[CCMB|CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology]] (CCMB) in [[Hyderabad]], India,<ref name="TheHindu">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/rakesh-kumar-mishra-appointed-as-ccmb-director/article8620250.ece|title=Rakesh Kumar Mishra appointed as CCMB director|first=M.|last=Somasekhar|website=@businessline|date=19 May 2016 }}</ref> on 30 April 2021. He is currently the Director of Tata Institute of Genomics Society (TIGS), Bengaluru and holds J. C. Bose Fellowship at CCMB.<br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
He is an elected fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy|Indian National Academy of Science]], New Delhi,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/CCMB-research-finds-B12-deficiency-leads-to-low-birth-weight/articleshow/44960377.cms | title=CCMB research finds B12 deficiency leads to low birth weight | date=28 October 2014 | newspaper=The Times of India | first=Ch Sushil | last=Rao | access-date=21 March 2019 }}</ref> the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]], the [[National Academy of Sciences]] and the [[Andhra Pradesh Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="Bio" /><br />
<br />
He is also a life member of [[Proteomics Society, India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.psindia.org/members.html|title=List of Proteomics Society (India) Members|access-date=2 November 2016|website=Proteomics Society, India}}</ref> Mishra obtained his master's degree in chemistry<ref name="Bio">{{cite news |author=News Desk |title=Dr Rakesh Mishra appointed as the new Director of CCMB, Hyderabad |url=https://www.biovoicenews.com/dr-rakesh-kumar-mishra-appointed-director-centre-cellular-molecular-biology/ |work=BioVoiceNews |date=21 May 2016}}</ref> and Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry<ref name="Bio" /> from the [[University of Allahabad]] and was appointed Director CCMB by CSIR, assuming charge on 19 May 2016.<ref name="TheHindu" /> Mishra has also edited and contributed a chapter to the book, [[Chromosomes to Genome]].<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39Yh3iclF7IC&q=chromosomes+to+genome | title=Chromosomes to Genome| isbn=9789380026213| last1=Mishra| first1=Rakesh K.| date=30 December 2013| publisher=I. K. International Pvt}}</ref><br />
<br />
Mishra had previously held [[Postdoctoral researcher|post doctoral]] positions at the [[Molecular Biophysics Unit]], [[Indian Institute of Science]], Bangalore, [[University of Bordeaux]], France and [[University of Geneva]], Switzerland prior to joining [[CCMB|CSIR-CCMB]] in 2001.<ref name="Bio" /><br />
<br />
==Research interests==<br />
Mishra investigates genome organisation focusing on evolutionarily conserved regions, structure of [[chromatin]] material and [[epigenetic regulation]] of genes during embryonic development stages.<ref name="TheHindu" /><br />
<br />
== As a director of CCMB ==<br />
Mishra assumed charge of CCMB on 19 May 2016. Some of the hallmark initiatives that he started in CCMB include:<br />
<br />
* CCMB's efforts in developing lab-grown meat<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/hsi/india-ccmb-join-hands-to-promote-lab-grown-meat/articleshow/63528027.cms?from=mdr | title=HSI/India, CCMB join hands to promote lab-grown meat | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=29 March 2018 }}</ref><br />
* CCMB's fight against COVID-19<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.biovoicenews.com/covid-19-ccmb-hyderabad-engages-on-multiple-fronts-to-develop-solutions/ | title=COVID-19: CCMB Hyderabad engages on multiple fronts to develop solutions | date=13 April 2020 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Google Scholar id |SVLI7kAAAAAJ}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mishra, Rakesh}}<br />
[[Category:1961 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Indian geneticists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian molecular biologists]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simhavarma&diff=535952Simhavarma2026-01-28T11:42:20Z<p>Julipfz: new the data basic info!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Distinguish|Simhavarman (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| title = '''Dharmamahārājadhirāja'''<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = <br />
| succession = King of the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba Kingdom]]<br />
| reign = c. 485 - 516 CE<br />
| predecessor = [[Vishnuvarma]]<br />
| successor = [[Krishnavarma II]]<br />
| spouse = <br />
| issue = <br />
| house = [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba]]<br />
| father = [[Vishnuvarma]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Banavasi Kadamba Kings Infobox}}<br />
<br />
'''Simhavarma''' ({{reign|485|516}}) was a [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba king]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=T |first1=Dr.Manjanna |title=Kadambas of Banavasi – The First Empire of Karnataka |journal=International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews |date=2015 |volume=2 |issue=1 |url=https://www.ijrar.org/papers/IJRAR19D2840.pdf |access-date=7 October 2025}}</ref>{{sfn|Karashima|2014|p=369}}<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Simhavarma was born to [[Vishnuvarma]].{{sfn|Moraes|1931|p=43}} His son and successor was [[Krishnavarma II]].{{sfn|Moraes|1931|p=43}}{{sfn|Moraes|1931|p=53}} He is mentioned in copper plates of [[Bennahalli]].{{sfn|Moraes|1931|p=43}} His daughter was married to [[Madhava II]] of [[Western Ganga dynasty]].{{sfn|Moraes|1931|p=54}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
===Notes===<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
===Sources===<br />
* {{citation |last=Karashima |first=Noboru |title=A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-809977-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpdVoAEACAAJ }}<br />
* {{citation |last=Moraes |first=George M. |authorlink=George M. Moraes |year=1931 |title=The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22295 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=81-206-0595-0 }}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kadamba kings]]<br />
[[Category:5th-century Indian monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:6th-century Indian monarchs]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Bihar&diff=459834Administrative divisions of Bihar2026-01-27T06:21:26Z<p>Julipfz: updated page further and fixed typos</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Regional divisions in Bihar}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=February 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox subdivision type<br />
| name = Divisions of Bihar <br />
| map = Divisions_of_Bihar.svg<br />
| category = [[Administration in Bihar|Administrative division]]<br />
| territory = [[Bihar]]<br />
| current_number = 9<br />
| government = [[Government of Bihar]]<br />
| subdivision = {{ubl|38 [[List of districts of Bihar|Districts]]|101 [[Subdivisions of Bihar|Subdivisions]]}}<br />
|width=200}}<br />
Structurally [[Bihar]] is divided into [[Divisions of Bihar|divisions]] (Pramandal - प्रमंडल)), [[Districts of Bihar|districts]] (Zila), [[Subdivisions of Bihar|sub-divisions]] (Anumandal) & circles (Anchal).<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/Bihar.html District Handbook of Bihar]</ref><ref>[http://www.bihar.com/bihardistricts.aspx Districts List by Govt. Of Bihar]</ref> The state is divided into 9 divisions, 38 districts, 101 subdivisions and 534 circles.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indexing Gender Parity and Estimation of Child Marriage: A comprehensive study of 534 Blocks in Bihar|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/male-child-preference-leads-to-early-marriage-for-girls-in-bihar-117092500203_1.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925092627/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/male-child-preference-leads-to-early-marriage-for-girls-in-bihar-117092500203_1.html|archive-date=2017-09-25}}</ref> 12 municipal corporations, 88 Nagar Parishads and 154 Nagar Panchayats for administrative purposes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bihar Civic elections likely in May 2017|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170330/jsp/bihar/story_143389.jsp#.WNziu7lMTcs|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331031251/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170330/jsp/bihar/story_143389.jsp#.WNziu7lMTcs|archive-date=2017-03-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=बिहार : नगर विकास एवं आवास विभाग की पहल, पुनर्गठन से नगर परिषदों की बढ़ जायेगी संख्या|url=http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/reorganization-will-increase-the-number-of-city-councils/956843.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324174135/http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/reorganization-will-increase-the-number-of-city-councils/956843.html|archive-date=2017-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=पहली बार कोई महिला बनेगी पटना नगर निगम की मेयर|url=http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/story/954291.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324175018/http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/story/954291.html|archive-date=2017-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ward delimitation begins in Chhapra|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ward-delimitation-begins-in-chhapra/articleshow/57299170.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227073049/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ward-delimitation-begins-in-chhapra/articleshow/57299170.cms|archive-date=2017-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=छपरा को निगम बख्तियारपुर को मिला नगर परिषद का दर्जा|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-MAT-latest-patna-news-020501-2002341-NOR.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324181148/http://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-MAT-latest-patna-news-020501-2002341-NOR.html|archive-date=2017-03-24}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Divisions ==<br />
{{See also|Administration in Bihar}}{{Further|Districts of Bihar|Subdivisions of Bihar}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+ Details of Divisions<br />
!Map<br />
!Division<br />
!Headquarter<br />
!Area <br />
!Population<small><sup>*</sup>2011</small><br />
!#District<br />
!Districts<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[File:Tirhut division.svg|frameless]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Tirhut Division|Tirhut]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Muzaffarpur]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |17,147&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br />
<small>(6,620 sq mi)</small><br />
| rowspan="6" |21,356,045<br />
| rowspan="6" |6<br />
|[[West Champaran]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[East Champaran]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Muzaffarpur District|Muzaffarpur]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sitamarhi District|Sitamarhi]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sheohar District|Sheohar]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vaishali District|Vaishali]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[File:Patna division.svg|frameless]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Patna division|Patna]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Patna]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |16,960&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br />
<small>(6,550 sq mi)</small><br />
| rowspan="6" |17,734,739<br />
| rowspan="6" |6<br />
|[[Patna District|Patna]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Nalanda District|Nalanda]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Bhojpur District, Bihar|Bhojpur]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rohtas District|Rohtas]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Buxar district|Buxar]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kaimur district|Kaimur]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |[[File:Magadh division.svg|frameless]]<br />
| rowspan="5" |[[Magadh Division|Magadh]]<br />
| rowspan="5" |[[Gaya, India|Gaya]]<br />
| rowspan="5" |12,345&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br />
<small>(4,766 sq mi)</small><br />
| rowspan="5" |10,931,018<br />
| rowspan="5" |5<br />
|[[Gaya District|Gaya]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Nawada District|Nawada]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Aurangabad District, Bihar|Aurangabad]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Jehanabad District|Jehanabad]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Arwal District|Arwal]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[File:Purnia division.svg|frameless]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Purnia Division|Purnea]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Purnia|Purnea]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |10,009&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br />
<small>(3,864 sq mi)</small><br />
| rowspan="4" |10,838,525<br />
| rowspan="4" |4<br />
|[[Purnia District|Purnia]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Katihar District|Katihar]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Araria District|Araria]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kishanganj District|Kishanganj]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[File:Munger division.svg|frameless]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Munger Division|Munger]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Munger]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |9,862&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br />
<small>(3,807 sq mi)</small><br />
| rowspan="6" |6,120,117<br />
| rowspan="6" |6<br />
|[[Munger District|Munger]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Jamui District|Jamui]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Khagaria District|Khagaria]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Lakhisarai District|Lakhisarai]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Begusarai District|Begusarai]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sheikhpura District|Sheikhpura]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Darbhanga division.svg|frameless]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Darbhanga division|Darbhanga]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Darbhanga]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |8,684&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br />
<small>(3,353 sq mi)</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |15,652,799<br />
| rowspan="3" |3<br />
|[[Darbhanga District|Darbhanga]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Madhubani District|Madhubani]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Samastipur District|Samastipur]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Saran division.svg|frameless]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Saran Division|Saran]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Chhapra]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |6,893&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br />
<small>(2,661 sq mi)</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |10,819,311<br />
| rowspan="3" |3<br />
|[[Saran District|Saran]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Siwan District|Siwan]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Gopalganj District, India|Gopalganj]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Kosi division.svg|frameless]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Kosi Division|Kosi]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Saharsa]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |5,899&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br />
<small>(2,277 sq mi)</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |6,120,117<br />
| rowspan="3" |3<br />
|[[Saharsa District|Saharsa]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Madhepura District|Madhepura]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Supaul District|Supaul]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Bhagalpur division.svg|frameless]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Bhagalpur division|Bhagalpur]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Bhagalpur]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |5,589&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br />
<small>(2,158 sq mi)</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |5,061,565<br />
| rowspan="2" |2<br />
|[[Bhagalpur District|Bhagalpur]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Banka District|Banka]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Summary ==<br />
{{Divisions and Districts of Bihar}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
*[[India]] <br />
*[[Bihar]]<br />
*[[Government of Bihar]]<br />
*[[Administration in Bihar]]<br />
*[[List of cities in Bihar by population|Cities in Bihar]] <br />
*[[Districts of Bihar]]<br />
*[[Divisions of India]]<br />
*[[Subdivisions of Bihar]]<br />
*[[Blocks in Bihar]]<br />
*[[Lists of villages in Bihar|Villages in Bihar]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Districts of Bihar}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Divisions of Bihar| ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{bihar-geo-stub}}</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Venkateswara_Medical_College&diff=537119Sri Venkateswara Medical College2026-01-23T07:16:18Z<p>Julipfz: new initial post first draft!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|College in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox university<br />
|name = Sri Venkateswara Medical College<br />
|native_name = <br />
|native_name_lang = te<br />
|image_name = Sri Venkateswara Medical College Tirupati.jpg<br />
|image_size =<br />
|caption =<br />
|latin_name =<br />
|motto =<br />
|tagline =<br />
|established = {{start date and age|1960}}<br />
|type = [[Medical College]]<br />
|endowment =<br />
|staff =<br />
|faculty =<br />
|president =<br />
|provost =<br />
|principal = Dr. Gottumukkala Ravi Prabhu <br />
|rector =<br />
|chancellor =<br />
|vice_chancellor =<br />
|director =<br />
|dean =<br />
|head_label =<br />
|head =<br />
|students =<br />
|undergrad = 240 per year<br />
|postgrad = 146 per year<br />
|doctoral =<br />
|profess =<br />
|city = [[Tirupati]]<br />
|state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|country = India<br />
|campus = Urban<br />
|free_label =<br />
|free =<br />
|colors =<br />
|colours =<br />
|mascot =<br />
|fightsong =<br />
|nickname = S. V. Medical College<br />
|affiliations =[[Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences]]<br />
|website = https://svmctpt.edu.in/<br />
|address = <br />
|publictransit =<br />
|telephone =<br />
|coor =<br />
|logo =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sri Venkateswara Medical College''' is a medical college in [[Tirupati]], Andhra Pradesh, India, established in 1960. It has 240 undergraduate and 146 postgraduate seats.<ref name=SVMC2>{{cite news|title=Super speciality courses a distant dream in SVMC|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2017-05-01/Super-speciality-courses-a-distant-dream-in-SVMC/296904|accessdate=14 July 2017|work=The HansIndia|date=1 May 2016|language=en-IN}}</ref> The college is recognised by [[National Medical Commission]].<br />
<br />
==Teaching hospitals==<br />
*SRi Venkateswara Ramnarain Ruia Government General Hospital (SVRRGGH)<ref name=SVMC2 /><br />
Govt Maternity Hospital & Institute of Pregnant Women<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Sri Padmavathi Medical College]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Tirupati topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Tirupati]]<br />
[[Category:Medical colleges in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:1960 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1960]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johnny_Kalsi&diff=506496Johnny Kalsi2026-01-21T13:46:26Z<p>Julipfz: adding...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|British Indian musician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --><br />
| name = Johnny Kalsi<br />
| background = non_vocal_instrumentalist<br />
| image = Johnny Kalsi of the Afro Celts (14851563443).jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| origin = India<br />
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1967}}<br />
|birth_place = [[Leeds]], [[England]]<br />
| genre = [[World music]]<br />
| occupation = [[Musician]], [[songwriter]], [[Record producer|Producer]]<br />
| instrument = [[Singing|Vocals]], [[Tabla]], [[Dhol]], [[Percussion instrument|percussion]]<br />
| years_active = 1986 - present<br />
| label = [[Narada Productions|Shakti Records]], [[Real World Records|Real World]]<br />
| associated_acts = [[Afro Celt Sound System]], [[Dhol Foundation]], [[The Imagined Village]], [[Transglobal Underground]]<br />
| website = [http://www.dholfoundation.com www.dholfoundation.com]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Johnny Kalsi''' is a [[British Indian]] ''[[dhol]]'' drum performer residing in [[London]]. He rose to prominence as a former member of [[Transglobal Underground]] and the founder of the [[Dhol Foundation]]. He also is a member of the [[Afro Celt Sound System]] and [[The Imagined Village]].<br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
<br />
===Early life===<br />
[[File:Johnny Kalsi 5.jpg|right|thumb|Kalsi and [[Martin Carthy]] performing with [[The Imagined Village]] at the [[The Big Chill (music festival)|Big Chill Festival]]]]<br />
[[File:Johnny Kalsi TIV Barking 08 1.jpg|upright|thumb|Kalsi performing with [[The Imagined Village]] in 2008]]<br />
<br />
Kalsi was born in [[Leeds]], [[Yorkshire]] in 1967. His parents had emigrated to the United Kingdom from [[Kenya]]. His grandfather had earlier moved to [[Mombasa]] from [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]]. As a youth, he was interested in music, though his parents had other aspirations for him, hoping he would become a doctor or lawyer. Kalsi was self-taught as a drummer when he joined a school [[jazz]] trio and they performed at school concerts and assembly hall meetings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.realworldmusic.com/composers/johnny-kalsi|title=Johnny Kalsi: Ambassador of Love|publisher=Real World Publishing 2010|accessdate=4 January 2011|archive-date=15 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715163015/http://www.realworldmusic.com/composers/johnny-kalsi|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was also the drummer in the orchestra as well as in a rock band in school. His exposure to a variety of genres embraced both traditional Indian music and Western influences, and he began making Eastern drum rhythms using Western instruments; along the way he redesigned the traditional [[dhol]] drum to his own specifications.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/world/onyourstreet/dholhistory.shtml|title=World on your street|publisher=BBC Radio 3 June 2004|access-date=4 January 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Early career===<br />
<br />
In 1986, after leaving school and while in college, Kalsi joined a band called Mela Group for a few years and on the side he was also a session player for Wanjara Group & DJ Harvey. In 1989, he joined [[Bhangra (music)|bhangra]] band [[Alaap (band)|Alaap]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.houseofbhangra.co.uk/Artist-Profiles/Alaap-Profile.html |title=Alaap Profile |publisher=House of Bhangra 2008 |accessdate=4 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126224236/http://houseofbhangra.co.uk/Artist-Profiles/Alaap-Profile.html |archivedate=26 January 2011 }}</ref> and assumed the role of lead [[percussion]]ist and dhol player for the band. In 1995, Kalsi joined an emerging [[world music]] organisation founded by [[Peter Gabriel]], based at [[Real World Studios]] in [[Box, Wiltshire]], England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldmusiccentral.org/artists/artist_page.php?id=1932|title=Peter Gabriel|publisher=World Music Central.org 2010|accessdate=5 January 2011|archive-date=31 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831192838/http://worldmusiccentral.org/artists/artist_page.php?id=1932|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
He performed at a number of [[World of Music, Arts and Dance]] (WOMAD) festivals around the world.<ref name="womad">{{cite web|url=http://womad.org/artists/johnny-kalsi/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416071621/http://womad.org/artists/johnny-kalsi/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 April 2013 |title=Johnny Kalsi |publisher=Womad.org 2006 |accessdate=4 January 2011 }}</ref> While performing at ceremonial weddings, Kalsi was encouraged to teach his techniques to others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ethnotechno.com/dhol_drum-believable.php|title=Dhol Foundation :: Drum-Believable|publisher=Ethnotechno.com 2010|accessdate=4 January 2011}}</ref> He became the first dhol player to perform live with [[Disc jockey|DJ]]s, which appealed to younger audiences.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}<br />
<br />
Kalsi's first dhol classes in Britain took place in 1989. No one had previously taught dhol as an [[Musical ensemble|ensemble]] instrument. Kalsi self funded his first tutorial classes in [[Slough]], England in 1990.<ref name="times">{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/new-straits-times/mi_8016/is_20050904/awakening-lion/ai_n44304118/?tag=content;col1 |title=Awakening the lion in us |publisher=New Straits Times, 4 Sep 2005 |accessdate=11 January 2011 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> During 1991 he assembled lead drummers to perform in local charity events.<br />
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Kalsi took on the role of a [[sideman]] in addition to session work, and performed with the Afro Celt Sound System on their second album, ''[[Volume 2: Release|Release]]'', which also featured [[Sinéad O'Connor]]. During the time he was with [[Transglobal underground]] Kalsi and The Dhol Foundation provided support in a European tour with [[rock music]]ians [[Page & Plant]].<br />
<br />
Kalsi worked as a [[session musician]] for Fundamental and [[Transglobal Underground]] during the early 1990s,<ref name="times"/> and later joined the [[Afro Celt Sound System]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realworldrecords.com/catalogue/capture |title=Real World Records catalogue page for Capture |publisher=Realworldrecords.com |accessdate=2011-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210214245/http://realworldrecords.com/catalogue/capture/ |archive-date=10 February 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> During 1997, Kalsi was touring with Fundamental performing at WOMAD festivals all over the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slantedmagazine.com/pop-culture/pulsate-to-the-music-the-dhol-foundation|title=Pulsate to the music: The Dhol Foundation|publisher=Slanted Magazine|date=17 November 2010}}</ref><br />
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===Later career===<br />
In 1999 Kalsi's drumming troupe, [[The Dhol Foundation]] recorded their first album. The album was recorded live at performances around the world, absorbing the differing musical influences of bands they toured with, and contributed to their sound. ''[[Big Drum Small World]]'', featuring a large photo of Kalsi on the [[album cover]], was released on [[Narada Productions|Shakti Records]] in 2001. The album received positive mention from critics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hmv.com/hmvweb/displayProductDetails.do?sku=138613#anchorSynopsis|title=Asian Music|publisher=HMV.com 27-08-2001|accessdate=11 January 2011}}</ref><br />
Kalsi drew upon his experience as a session player and his understanding of [[ethnic]] and western instruments to work as [[Record producer|producer]] for the album.<ref name="womad"/><br />
<br />
[[Peter Gabriel]]'s label, [[Real World Records]], recorded Kalsi's first album in 2002. [[Martin Scorsese]]'s movie, ''[[Gangs of New York]]'' featured one of his songs, as did ''[[The Incredible Hulk (film)|The Incredible Hulk]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airstudios.com/technical/isdn.aspx |title=Air Studios - Technical - ISDN |publisher=Airstudios.com 2009 |accessdate=11 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112022119/http://www.airstudios.com/technical/isdn.aspx |archivedate=12 January 2011 }}</ref> As a member of the Dhol Foundation and in a solo capacity, he also worked on Gabriel's albums [[Up (Peter Gabriel album)|Up]] and [[OVO (album)|OVO]], and his soundtrack for the album [[Long Walk Home: Music from the Rabbit-Proof Fence|Rabbit Proof Fence]].<br />
<br />
Towards the end of 2002 Kalsi worked with the teenage [[pop music|pop]] singer [[Avril Lavigne]], when she recorded a [[cover song|cover]] of [[Bob Dylan]]'s "[[Knockin' on Heaven's Door]]". It was sung by Lavigne at a [[War Child (charity)|War Child Charity Concert]] covered by [[MTV]]. Kalsi was selected to give the track an ethnic Indian feel and add some light percussion. In early 2013 Johnny Kalsi took The Dhol Foundation to perform for Stand up To Cancer.<br />
Johnny is a member of the Sikh Welfare Awareness Team (SWAT) and each week he donates some of his time to feeding and clothing over 300 homeless people each week and also people living below the poverty line in central London.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}<br />
<br />
In July 2013, Kalsi was commissioned to curate a piece of music for HRH HM Queens' Coronation Gala Concert Festival, an event for Royal Crest Holders. That September, Johnny Kalsi & The Dhol Foundation performed for the Formula 1 Music festival in Singapore, performing on the same stage as [[Sir Tom Jones]].{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}<br />
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Kalsi received an Honorary Fellowship Degree from [[Leeds College of Music]] in 2015.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}<br />
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Just ahead of the release of the 5th album, ''Basant'', in 2016, Johnny Kalsi took The Dhol Foundation to USA for their debut tour.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}<br />
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In 2018, Kalsi was requested to open for a special concert for HRH HM Queens' 92nd Birthday.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} This was also a collaboration track with Sir Tom Jones, who sang "[[It's Not Unusual]]" to Dhol drums. In June that year, Kaldi performed with [[Angélique Kidjo|Angelique Kidjo]] on stage in London.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}<br />
<br />
In 2019, Johnny Kalsi & The Dhol Foundation performed the opening for the Royal Commonwealth Service at Westminster Abbey in front of HRH HM Queen & the Royal Family.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}<br />
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In 2021, Kalsi once again led six of The Dhol Foundation elite to lead in the Commonwealth flag together with ACM Gospel Choir at Westminster Abbey in London for Commonwealth Observance Day.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}<br />
<br />
==Discography (selected)==<br />
*''Big Drum Small World'' (2001)<br />
*''Drum-Believable'' (2004)<br />
*''Drums 'n' Roses'' (2007)<br />
*''DrumStruck'' (2011)<br />
*''Basant'' (2017)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
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<br />
{{Afro Celt Sound System}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalsi, Johnny}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1967 births]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century British drummers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century British drummers]]<br />
[[Category:Afro Celt Sound System members]]<br />
[[Category:British Asian musicians]]<br />
[[Category:British session musicians]]<br />
[[Category:Dhol players]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Kenyan descent]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Punjabi descent]]<br />
[[Category:Musicians from Leeds]]<br />
[[Category:Transglobal Underground members]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maneri,_India&diff=515842Maneri, India2026-01-18T16:16:16Z<p>Julipfz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Maneri<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = <br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand#India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|30|44|21|N|78|31|43|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttarakhand]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Uttarkashi district|Uttarkashi]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_total = 1270<ref name=cen1/><br />
| area_magnitude = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = <br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 01374<br />
| registration_plate = UK10<br />
| website = {{URL|uk.gov.in}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Maneri''' is a town in [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]. Situated on the banks of river [[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] 8 km north of [[Uttarkashi]], it is the home of [[Maneri Dam]] and the terminating railway station on [[Chota Char Dham Railway]] nearest to [[Gangotri]].<ref name=char1>[https://www.india.com/business/chardham-to-get-rail-connectivity-indian-railways-pilgrimage-linking-project-to-cost-rs-43-29-crore-2124237/ Chardham to get rail connectivity; Indian Railways pilgrimage linking project to cost Rs 43.29k crore, India.com, 12-May-2017]</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Maneri is located nearby [[Yamuna]] and Ganges (Bhagirathi) rivers, originating at [[Yamunotri]] and Gangotri (Gomukh) respectively.<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Maneri village has 299 families with a total population of 1271, of which 697 are males while 574 are females.<ref name=cen1>[https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/40740-maneri-uttarakhand.html Maneri Population, Census Commission of India, 2011]</ref><br />
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==Places of interest==<br />
[[File:Yamunotri temple and ashram.jpg|thumb|[[Yamunotri|Yamunotri temple]], one of holiest shrines of Hinduism lies in the district, as does its source]]<br />
* [[Dodital]]: One of the popular fresh water lake in Uttarkashi. 21 km trek to Dodital starts from Sangamchatti.<br />
* [[Tiloth Power Plant]]<br />
* [[Maneri Dam]]<br />
* [[Bhali Dam]]<br />
* Nachiketa Tal<br />
* Kuteti Devi temple<br />
* Gyansu and Palla Gyansu<br />
* Joshiyara<br />
* Matli<br />
* Mahidanda<ref>{{cite web|url=http://travelmyindia.in/uttarkashi.aspx|title=Uttarkashi|publisher=Travel My India|accessdate=16 May 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Adventure sports===<br />
*White water rafting<br />
*Trekking tracks<br />
*Mountaineering<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[1991 Uttarkashi earthquake]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|20em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://uttarkashi.nic.in Uttarkashi district, Official website]<br />
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090328103223/http://www.uttarkashitourism.com/ Uttarkashi district Tourism]}}<br />
*[https://www.naturecampsindia.com Resort in Uttarkashi]<br />
<br />
{{Uttarkashi district}}<br />
{{Hindu temples in Uttarakhand}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cities and towns in Uttarkashi district]]<br />
[[Category:Uttarkashi| ]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kachabeswarar_temple,_Thirukachur&diff=507266Kachabeswarar temple, Thirukachur2025-12-26T14:30:39Z<p>Julipfz: done...</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox Hindu temple<br />
| name = Kachabeswarar Temple<br />
| image = Thirukachur3.JPG<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu<br />
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|12|46|34|N|79|59|50|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br />
| other_names = <br />
| proper_name = <br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| district = [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]]<br />
| locale = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| deity = Kachabeswarar([[Shiva]])<br />
| festivals= <br />
| architecture = [[Thamizhan architecture]]<br />
| temple_quantity = <br />
| monument_quantity= <br />
| inscriptions = <br />
| year_completed = <br />
| creator = <br />
| website = https://www.facebook.com/Thirukachur/<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kachabeswarar Temple, Thirukachur''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to the deity [[Shiva]], located in [[Thirukachur]], a village in [[Kanchipuram district]] in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Shiva is worshipped as Kachabeswarar, and is represented by the ''[[lingam]]''. His consort [[Parvati]] is depicted as Antanatchi and Kanniyumaiyal. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th-century CE Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[Nayanars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''. The temple is counted as a twin temple along with [[Marundeeswarar Temple, Thirukachur|Marundeeswarar Temple]] located in the same village.<br />
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The temple complex covers two acres and the temple tank is located diagonally outside the main gateway. The temple has a number of shrines, with those of Kachabeswarar and his consorts Antanatchi and Kanniyumaiyal, Thiyagarajar and that of Sundarar being offered food by Shiva being the most prominent. All the shrines of the temple are enclosed in large concentric rectangular granite walls. There is a sixteen pillared hall in front of the main tower that has sculpted columns depicting various legends and Hindu deities.<br />
<br />
The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 6:00&nbsp;a.m. to 8:30&nbsp;p.m., and four yearly festivals on its calendar. The Brahmotsavam festival is celebrated during the day of the Magam (February - March) is the most prominent festival.<br />
<br />
The original complex is believed to have been built by [[Cholas]], while the present masonry structure was built during the [[Madurai Nayak|Nayak]] during the 16th century. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
<br />
==Legend==<br />
[[File:Thirukachur15.JPG|thumb|left|180x180px|Vishnu in the form of tortoise worshiping Shiva]]<br />
As per Hindu legend, [[Vishnu]] in the form of tortoise (called ''[[Kurma|Karkada]]'') worshiped Shiva to attain divine ambrosia at this place. On account of the legend, the place was called Kascapavoor, which went on to become Kachoor and the presiding deity, Shiva came to be known as Karchabeswarar. As per another legend, Vishnu appeared in the form of [[Kurma]] appeared from the [[Ocean of Milk]] to help the [[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]]s. Vishnu appeared in this place, created a spring, bathed and prayed to Shiva at this place. Since Shiva helped Vishnu, the place came to be known as Tirukachur.<ref name=Saiva4/> As per a third legend, [[Indra]], the king of celestial deities got a disease which could not be cured by the physicians of the celestial world. The Ashwini Devas of the celestial world also could not cure the disease. With the help of sage [[Narada]] who advised them to worship Shiva, they were able to find the herbs in earth that could cure the disease. Indra was cured with the herb, but they were not able to find the place where they found the herb in earth. They prayed to [[Parvati]] who appeared in the place in the form of Irulneeki Amman (the one who cleared darkness) and directed them the place.<ref name=dinamalar/> The temple has a recorded history from the 10th century, but scholar attribute the presence of the temple at least from the 8th century, pertaining to the period of [[Sundarar]], the famous Saiva Nayanar. Sundarar has glorified the temple in his verses in 11th [[Thirumurai]] of ''[[Thevaram]]''.<ref name=census/><br />
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==Architecture==<br />
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center<br />
|align=right<br />
| total_width = 350<br />
| width1 = 3264 | height1 = 2448<br />
| width2 = 3264 | height2 = 2448<br />
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|image1=Thirukachur2.JPG<br />
|image2=Thirukachur6.JPG<br />
|footer=The shrines of the temple<br />
}}<br />
The temple has a flat gateway tower and all the shrines of the temple are enclosed in concentric rectangular granite walls. There is a sixteen pillar hall in front the gateway that has sculpted pillars dating back to the 16th century. The temple occupies an area of around {{convert|2|acre|ha|abbr=on}}. The temple tank is located adjacent to the sixteen pillared hall. The central shrine houses the image of Kachabeswarar in the form of [[Lingam]]. The shrine of Irulneeki Thayar (also called [[Anthaga Nivarini]], facing West is located in the Mahamandapam leading to the sanctum. The central shrine is approached through the shrine of Thyagaraja located adjacent to the sanctum. As in other Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu, the shrines of [[Vinayaka]], [[Murugan]], [[Navagraha]], Chandikesa and [[Durga]] are located around the precinct of the main shrine. There is a shrine depicting Shiva offering food to Sundarar on the Western side.<ref name=census>{{cite book|title=Temples of Tamil Nadu Kancheepuram District|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu|year=2003|last=C.|first=Chandramouli}}</ref> The sanctum is approached through a side entrance. The sanctum is in the form of a moat. The first precinct around the sanctum has the images of Vinayaka, [[Surya]], various images of Nagalinga, [[Valli]] [[Devasena|Deivanai]], [[Subramanya]], [[Nataraja]], images of [[Nalvar]]. The shrine of Amman is a West facing shrine where the deity Anjanatchiamman is sported in standing posture.<ref name=Saiva4/> The original complex is believed to have been built by [[Cholas]], while the present masonry structure was built during the [[Madurai Nayak|Nayak]] during the 16th century. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=HRCE>{{cite web|title=Thirukoil - Temple list of Tamil Nadu|url=https://tnhrce.gov.in/resources/docs/temple_list.pdf|publisher=Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu|pages=244|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009010850/https://tnhrce.gov.in/resources/docs/temple_list.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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==Religious importance==<br />
[[File:Thirukachur7.JPG|200px|thumb|A stucco image indicating the legend of Shiva feeding Sundarar]]<br />
It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] - [[Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu#Sthalams|Shiva Sthalams]] glorified in the early medieval ''[[Tevaram]]'' poems by Tamil Saivite [[Nayanars]] [[Sundarar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kachur Alakovil|url=http://www.thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=58|publisher=Thevaaram.org|year=2011|accessdate=14 March 2016}}</ref> As per Hindu legend, Sundarar, while traveling through the place became very hungry. Shiva appeared and fed Sundarar. Sundarar has made a mention of the event, calling the deity as Kachabeswarar, Virundeeswarar and Iranthittai Eswarar.<ref name=dinamalar/> The temple is one of the major temples in the Thondai region having the images of [[Thyagaraja]] and called Amudha Thyagesar.<ref name=Saiva4>{{cite book|title=Saiva Encyclopaedia volume 4 - Thirumurai Thalangal|editor-last=Dr. R.|editor-first=Selvaganapathy|publisher=Saint Sekkizhaar Human Resource Development Charitable Trust|location=Chennai, India|year=2013|pages=122–3}}</ref><br />
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==Festivals==<br />
The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. The temple rituals are performed four times a day; ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00&nbsp;a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00&nbsp;a.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00&nbsp;p.m, and ''Arthajamam'' at 9:00&nbsp;p.m.. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for Kachabeswarar and Anjanatchi. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'', and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. The nine-day Brahmotsavam during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Masi'' and Chitra Pournami are the most important festivals of the temple. During the nine-day Brahmotsavam, the event of Shiva feeding Sundarar is enacted.<ref name=dinamalar>{{cite web|title=Sri Kachabeswarar, Marundeeswarar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=260|publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|year=2014|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=174–5}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Marundeeswarar Temple, Thirukachur]]<br />
* [[Padalathri temple]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Kachabeswarar temple, Thirukachur}}<br />
<br />
{{Famous Shiva temples|state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Kanchipuram district]]<br />
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Papia_Sarwar&diff=475303Papia Sarwar2025-12-21T17:51:08Z<p>Julipfz: expanded content</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Bangladeshi singer (1952–2024)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Papia Sarwar<br />
| image = File:Dhaka Ekushey Padak 2021 Award Ceremony Papiya Sarwar, 2021-02-20 (PID-0030873) (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Sarwar in 2021.<br />
| native_name = পাপিয়া সারোয়ার<br />
| native_name_lang = bn<br />
| birth_name = Papia Rahman<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1952|11|21|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Barisal]], [[Khulna Division]], [[East Bengal]], [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|12|12|1952|11|21|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh<br />
| genre = [[Rabindra Sangeet]]<br />
| years_active = 1966–2024<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Papia Sarwar''' ({{nee|Rahman}}; 21 November 1952 – 11 December 2024) was a Bangladeshi singer. She was an exponent of [[Rabindra Sangeet]], the songs written and composed by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. She earned the [[Bangla Academy#Rabindra Award|Rabindra Award]] from the [[Bangla Academy]] in 2013, the Bangla Academy Fellowship in 2015, and the [[Ekushey Padak]] in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/days-in-shantiniketan |title=Days in Shantiniketan |date=8 May 2013 |accessdate=25 July 2017 |newspaper=The Daily Star |last=Alom |first=Zahangir}}</ref><ref name=fellow>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/seven-eminent-citizens-awarded-bangla-academy-fellowship-192904 |title=Seven eminent citizens awarded Bangla Academy fellowship |date=27 December 2015 |accessdate=25 July 2017 |newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2021 |title=21 eminent personalities named for Ekushey Padak |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/news/21-named-ekushey-padak-2039389 |access-date=7 February 2021 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sarwar's notable songs include "Nai Telephone Nai Re Peon Nai Re Telegram".<ref name=life/><br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
Papia Sarwar was born in [[Barisal]] to Sayed Bazlur Rahman and Fatema Rahman on 21 November 1952.<ref name=":0" /> Papia was the fifth of their eight children. She took music lessons from Atiqul Islam, [[Waheedul Haq]], [[Sanjida Khatun]], and [[Zahidur Rahim]] at [[Chhayanaut]] in 1966 and later at [[Bulbul Academy of Fine Arts]].<ref name=birthday/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bd-pratidin.com/entertainment-news/2016/11/21/186431 |script-title=bn:আজীবন সম্মাননায় পাপিয়া সারোয়ার |language=bn |date=21 November 2016 |accessdate=26 July 2017 |newspaper=Bangladesh Pratidin |trans-title=Papia Sarwar gets lifetime achievement award}}</ref> She was a student of the Department of Zoology at the [[University of Dhaka]]. In 1973, she received a scholarship from the [[Government of India]] to study [[Rabindra Sangeet]] at [[Visva-Bharati University]] in [[Santiniketan]]. At Visva-Bharati University, she was trained in classical music under Dhrubotara Joshi and in Rabindra Sangeet under [[Santidev Ghosh]], [[Subinoy Roy]], [[Kanika Banerjee]], and [[Nilima Sen]].<ref name=birthday>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/birthday-celebrations-for-papia-sarwar |title=Birthday celebrations for Papia Sarwar |date=21 November 2013 |accessdate=12 December 2024 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Sarwar established a musical troupe named Geetoshudha in 1996.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/interview/geetosudha-celebrates-21-years-1517431 |title=Geetosudha celebrates 21 years |date=10 January 2018 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=9 January 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Her published albums include ''Purna Chander Mayay'' (2013)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-267678 |title=Papia Sarwar's new album hits the market |date=4 February 2013 |accessdate=25 July 2017 |newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref> and ''Chokher Dekha Praner Katha'' (2014).<ref name=venture>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/papia-and-jishas-musical-venture-5841 |title=Papia and Jisha's musical venture |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=8 January 2014 |access-date=25 July 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life and death==<br />
Papia Sarwar married Mohammed Sarwar-E-Alam in 1978.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.jaijaidinbd.com/?view=details&archiev=yes&arch_date=25-11-2013&feature=yes&type=single&pub_no=667&cat_id=3&menu_id=70&news_type_id=1&index=8 |script-title=bn:পাপিয়া সারোয়ার |date=25 November 2013 |accessdate=26 July 2017 |newspaper=Jai Jai Din |language=bn}}</ref><ref name=fellow/> Together they had two daughters, Zaara Sarwar, an assistant professor of biology at [[The College of New Jersey]], and Jisha Sarwar, a public executive at the [[Department of Finance Canada|Canadian Ministry of Finance]].<ref name=venture/><br />
<br />
As of 2008, Sarwar lived in [[Dhanmondi Thana|Dhanmondi]], [[Dhaka]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mia |first=Sajeeb |date=6 May 2015 |title=Prim and proper Papia |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/lifestyle/Prim-and-proper-Papia |access-date=13 December 2024 |work=Prothom Alo |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sarwar was diagnosed with cancer in 2021.<ref name=life>{{Cite news |title=Papia Sarwar on life support |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/367872/papia-sarwar-on-life-support |access-date=12 December 2024 |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=12 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref> She was placed on ventilator support on 11 December 2024,<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 December 2024 |title=Papia Sarwar in critical condition, placed on life support |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/music/news/papia-sarwar-critical-condition-placed-life-support-3773856 |access-date=12 December 2024 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> and died from the disease on 12 December, at the age of 72.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Rabindra Sangeet icon Papia Sarwar passes away |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/people/367888/rabindra-sangeet-icon-papia-sarwar-passes-away |access-date=12 December 2024 |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=12 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2024 |title=Papia Sarwar no more |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/obituary/news/papia-sarwar-no-more-3774396 |access-date=13 December 2024 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|15772455}}<br />
<br />
{{Rabindra Sangeet}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarwar, Papia}}<br />
[[Category:1952 births]]<br />
[[Category:2024 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Bangladeshi women singers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century composers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century women composers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Bangladeshi women singers]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in Bangladesh]]<br />
[[Category:Honorary Fellows of Bangla Academy]]<br />
[[Category:People from Barisal]]<br />
[[Category:Rabindra Sangeet exponents]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Ekushey Padak]]<br />
[[Category:Visva-Bharati University alumni]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kopili_Hydro_Electric_Project&diff=510501Kopili Hydro Electric Project2025-12-09T00:59:56Z<p>Julipfz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Hydroelectric power project in Assam, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date = February 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date = February 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox dam<br />
| name = Khandong Dam<br />
| name_official = Kopili Hydro Electric Project<br />
| image = The Khandong dam.jpg<br />
| image_caption = The Khandong dam<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|25.5286173|N|92.6327813|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title|format=dms}}<br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| location = [[Assam]], [[India]]<br />
| construction_began = <br />
| opening = {{start date and age|1984}}<br />
| purpose = P<br />
| cost = <!-- [[Indian rupee|Rs.]] xxxx crore --><br />
| owner = [[Government of India]]<br />
| operator = <br />
| dam_type = Concrete Gravity<br />
| dam_crosses = [[Kopili River]]<br />
| dam_length = {{Convert|243|m|ft}}<br />
| dam_width_base = <br />
| spillway_type = <br />
| spillway_capacity = 15417 m³/s<br />
| res_name = Kopili Reservoir<br />
| res_capacity_total = 166800<br />
| res_catchment = <!-- {{Convert|xx|km2|mi2}} --><br />
| res_surface = {{Convert|13.36|km2|mi2}}<br />
| res_max_depth = <br />
| plant_name = Khandong Power House<br />
| plant_coordinates = {{coord|25.5168635|N|92.6660943|E|format=dms}}<br />
| plant_operator = [[North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited|NEEPCO]]<br />
| plant_commission = 8 March 1984<br />
| plant_decommission = <br />
| plant_type = <br />
| plant_turbines = 3×25 [[Megawatt|MW]]<br />
| plant_capacity = 75 [[Megawatt|MW]]<br />
| plant_annual_gen = 363.9 MU<br />
| website = {{URL|https://neepco.co.in/projects/hydro-projects/kopili-hydro-electric-plant|NEEPCO}}<br />
| extra = <br />
| dam_height = {{Convert|66|m|ft}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox dam<br />
| name = Umrong Dam<br />
| name_official = Kopili Hydro Electric Project<br />
| image = UMRONGSU.jpg<br />
| image_caption = View of Umrong Reservoir from [[Umrangso]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|25.5284962|N|92.7126092|E|type:landmark|display=inline|format=dms}}<br />
| construction_began = <br />
| opening = {{start date and age|1988}}<br />
| purpose = P<br />
| cost = <!-- [[Indian rupee|Rs.]] xxxx crore --><br />
| dam_type = Concrete Gravity<br />
| dam_crosses = Umrang river<br />
| dam_length = {{Convert|143|m|ft}}<br />
| dam_height = {{Convert|30|m|ft}}<br />
| dam_width_base = <br />
| spillway_type = Ogee Radial<br />
| spillway_capacity = 554.7 m³/s<br />
| res_name = Umrong Reservoir<br />
| res_capacity_total = 175000<br />
| res_catchment = <!-- {{Convert|xx|km2|mi2}} --><br />
| res_surface = {{Convert|16|km2|mi2}}<br />
| res_max_depth = <br />
| plant_name = Kopili Power House<br />
| plant_coordinates = {{coord|25.586020|N|92.723019|E}}<br />
| plant_operator = [[North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited|NEEPCO]]<br />
| plant_commission = {{start date and age|4 July 1988}}<br />
| plant_decommission = <br />
| plant_type = <br />
| plant_turbines = 4×50 [[Megawatt|MW]]<br />
| plant_capacity = 200 [[Megawatt|MW]]<br />
| plant_annual_gen = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kopili Hydro Electric Project''' is a {{convert|275|MW}}, [[hydroelectric]] power project on the [[Kopili River|Kopili river]] and its [[tributary]], Umrong stream. It is located in [[Dima Hasao district]] of [[Assam]] state in [[India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Kopili_Hydroelectric_Project_JH00099|title=Kopili Hydro Electric Project|website=Water Resources Information System of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220041715/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Kopili_Hydroelectric_Project_JH00099|archive-date=20 February 2019|access-date=21 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> The project is developed and operated by [[North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited]]. It is an important project since the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of Assam, [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Manipur]], [[Meghalaya]], [[Mizoram]], [[Nagaland]] and [[Tripura]] benefit from this project.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
The Khandong dam impounds Kopili river and Umrong dam impounds Umrong river creating Kopili reservoir and Umrong reservoir. Kopili reservoir partially falls in Meghalaya state as Kopili river forms geographical boundary between Assam and Meghalaya in this region. Water from Kopili reservoir is fed to Khandong power station, releasing water into Umrong reservoir. Water from Umrong reservoir is diverted via tunnels to Kopili power station on the bank of Kopili river. Tail race waters of Kopili power house are released back into the Kopili river.<ref name=":0" /> Although this project is not classified as such, its design is very similar to [[run-of-the-river]] power projects.<br />
<br />
==Power plants==<br />
<br />
===Khandong I & II===<br />
The Khandong power house stage-I and stage-II are located between two reservoirs, near Umrong reservoir, in geographical location {{coord|25.5168|N|92.6660|E}} and Khandong dam is located at {{coord|25.5286|N|92.6327|E}}. Khandong Stage-I powerhouse has 2x25 MW Francis type turbines, generating 50 MW power at peak. It is connected to Kopili reservoir via a {{convert|4.5|m}} diameter, {{convert|2852|m}} long concrete-lined head race tunnel. First and second units of stage-I were commissioned on 8 March and 3 May 1984 respectively. <br />
Khandong stage II powerhouse is located close to stage-I power station. It has 1x25 MW turbine, connected via a {{convert|480|m}} long water conductor system, which was provisioned for at the time of stage-I construction. Third turbine was commissioned on 26 July 2004.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/NRLD%202018.pdf|title=National Register of Large Dams (NRLD) - India|access-date=21 Feb 2019|archive-date=20 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220072735/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/NRLD%202018.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Kopili I & II ===<br />
The Kopili power house stage-I and stage-II are located on the right bank of Kopili river in geographical location {{coord|25.586|N|92.723|E}}. The related Umrong dam, completed in 1988, is located at {{coord|25.5284|N|92.7126|E}}. Khandong Stage-I and II powerhouse is installed with 4x50 MW Francis type turbines, generating 200 MW power at peak. It is connected to Umrong reservoir via a {{convert|4.6|m}} diameter, {{convert|5.5|km}} long concrete-lined head race tunnel. The first unit of stage-I was commissioned on 4 July 1988.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
=== Lower Kopili HEP ===<br />
Because of contamination of Kopili river waters, the prospect of Lower Kopili Hydro Electric Project downstream of Kopili powerhouse has met with hurdles for environmental clearances and financial funding of the project. The 120 MW power project will be funded by the Asian Development Bank.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/lower-kopili-clearance-on-hold/cid/1437966|title=Lower Kopili clearance on hold|date=31 August 2017|website=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] India|access-date=21 Feb 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/47101/47101-004-eia-en_3.pdf|title=Environmental Assessment for Lower Kopili Hydropower Project|date=April 2018|website=[[Asian Development Bank]]|access-date=21 Feb 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Environment issue==<br />
This hydroelectric project has suffered some serious damage due to contamination of Kopili river with [[Acid mine drainage|acid mine discharge]] from open cast coal mines and [[Rat-Hole Mining|rat hole mining]] in Meghalaya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/two-kopili-power-units-shut-down-mining-in-jaintia-hills-affects-machines/cid/291312|title=Two Kopili power units shut down - Mining in Jaintia Hills affects machines|date=20 June 2013|work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] India|access-date=21 Feb 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/others/hydro/herm/technical3/ts34.pdf|title=Renovation & Modernisation of Kopili Hydro Electric Plant|access-date=21 Feb 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221165641/http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/others/hydro/herm/technical3/ts34.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jun2012/state06|title=Concern over contamination of Kopili water|date=20 June 2012|work=[[The Assam Tribune]] online|access-date=21 Feb 2019|archive-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224095243/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jun2012/state06|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Incidents==<br />
===2019===<br />
The Hydro project site was submerged and flooded following a pipeline burst on 7 October 2019. 4 people has since been reported missing in the overflowing project site. The burst happened on an old pipe, which was repaired the previous year.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/assam-dam-disaster-ruptured-pipeline-was-repaired-a-year-ago/article29629623.ece| title = Assam dam disaster: Ruptured pipeline was repaired a year ago - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 9 October 2019| last1 = Karmakar| first1 = Rahul}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/four-days-on-hope-fades-for-families-of-those-trapped-in-assam-s-kopili-hydel-project/story-bQNQWAuewpMdVWTUqoWTiP.html|title = Four days on, hope fades for families of those trapped in Assam's Kopili hydel project|date = 10 October 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2022===<br />
Incident at Khandong Power Plant claimed lives of three persons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/assam-explosion-at-kopili-hydel-project-claims-lives-of-3-neepco-employee-584609|title = Assam: Explosion at Kopili Hydel Project Claims Lives of 3 NEEPCO Employee - Sentinelassam|date = 26 March 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Map==<br />
<br />
{{OSM Location map|coord={{coord|25|32|26|N|92|40|00|E}}<br />
<!-- Map center --><br />
|float=left|zoom=11|width=650<br />
<!-- width and height of the frame. numeric input - do not add px --><br />
|height=250|caption={{center|Kopili Hydro Electric Project}}|minimap=|mini-file=|mini-width=|mini-height=|minipog-x=|minipog-y=|scalemark=|shape=<!-- Khandong Dam -->|mark-coord1={{coord|25.5286173|N|92.6327813|E}}|mark1=Steel pog.svg|mark-size1=10|label1=Khandong Dam|label-size1=10|label-color1=black|label-pos1=top|mark-title1=Khandong Dam|mark-image1=|mark-description1=Khandong Dam on Kopili River<br />
<!-- Khandong Powerhouse --><br />
|mark-coord2={{coord|25.5168635|N|92.6660943|E}}|mark2=Red pog.svg|mark-size2=10|label2=Khandong P.H.|label-size2=12|label-color2=red|label-pos2=left|mark-title2=Khandong Power House|mark-image2=|mark-description2=75 (MW)<br />
<!-- Umrong Dam --><br />
|mark-coord3={{coord|25.5284962|N|92.7126092|E}}|mark3=Steel pog.svg|mark-size3=10|label3=Umrong Dam|label-size3=10|label-color3=black|label-pos3=top|mark-title3=Umrong Dam|mark-image3=|mark-description3=Umrong Dam on Umrong stream<br />
<!-- Kopili Powerhouse --><br />
|mark-coord4={{coord|25.586020|N|92.723019|E}}|mark4=Red pog.svg|mark-size4=10|label4=Kopili P.H.|label-size4=12|label-color4=red|label-pos4=left|mark-title4=Kopili Power House|mark-image4=|mark-description4=200 (MW)<br />
<!-- Kopili Reservoir --><br />
|mark5=Waterbody.svg|mark-size5=10|mark-coord5={{coord|25.508|N|92.6168|E}}|label5=Kopili Reservoir|label-size5=10|label-color5=blue|label-pos5=bottom|mark-title5=Kopili Reservoir<br />
<!-- Umrong Reservoir --><br />
|mark6=Waterbody.svg|mark-size6=10|mark-coord6={{coord|25.498|N|92.686|E}}|label6=Umrong Reservoir|label-size6=10|label-color6=blue|label-pos6=bottom|mark-title6=Umrong Reservoir<br />
}}<br />
{{clear left}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of dams and reservoirs in Assam]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://neepco.co.in/projects/hydro-projects/kopili-hydro-electric-plant North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited - Kopili Hydro Electric Project]<br />
{{NTPC Power Stations}}<br />
{{Hydrography of North-east India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dams in Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in India]]<br />
[[Category:Dima Hasao district]]<br />
[[Category:1984 establishments in Assam]]<br />
[[Category:1988 establishments in Assam]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._Sasikumar&diff=447392J. Sasikumar2025-11-17T09:45:45Z<p>Julipfz: small edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian film director (1927-2014)}}<br />
{{Indian patronymic|John or by his stage name Sasikumar|Nambiathusseril Varkey}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=April 2021}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = J. Sasikumar<br />
| image = J._Sasikumar.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = N. V. John<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date text|14 October 1927}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Alappuzha, Kerala]], India<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age text|17 July 2014|4 October 1927}}<br />
| death_place = [[Kochi]], Kerala<br />
| othername = <br />
| occupation = Director, actor, writer<br />
| yearsactive = 1957–1990<br />
| spouse = Thresiamma<br />
| parents = <br />
| children = <br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
'''Nambiathusseril Varkey John''' (14 October 1927 – 17 July 2014), better known by his [[stage name|screen name]] '''Sasikumar''', was an Indian film director who worked in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/tamil/399433/#storycontent |title=ഹിറ്റ് മേക്കര് വിശ്രമത്തിലാണ്, Tamil – Mathrubhumi Movies |publisher=Mathrubhumi.com |date=19 October 2013 |access-date=25 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513151049/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/tamil/399433/#storycontent |archive-date=13 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has directed more than 141 films in his career which began in the mid-1960s. He is often referred to as Hitmaker Sasikumar due to the commercial success of his films.<ref>{{cite news|last=ആന്റണി|first=സാലു|title=സൂപ്പർഹിറ്റുകളുടെ തോഴനായ ശശികുമാർ : Director Special|url=http://www.deepika.com/cinema/Director-Special.aspx?Director-J-Sasikumar&ID=1289|access-date=10 July 2018|work=[[Deepika (newspaper)|Deepika]]|date=15 February 2018|language=ml}}</ref> In 2012, he was awarded the [[J. C. Daniel Award]], Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema<br />
<br />
Sasikumar holds record for directing most films (141) after Telugu film director [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] (151), most films having the same actor as hero [[Prem Nazir]] in 84 films and the most films directed in a year, 15 films in 1977.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/flash_back/469895/ |title=മലയാളത്തിന്റെ ഹിറ്റ്മേക്കര്: നസീറിന്റെയും, Flash Back – Mathrubhumi Movies |publisher=Mathrubhumi.com |date=17 July 2014 |access-date=25 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720050258/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/flash_back/469895 |archive-date=20 July 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> He died in 2014 at the age of 86.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/malayalam/469893/|access-date=17 July 2014|title=ചലച്ചിത്ര സംവിധായകന് ശശികുമാര് അന്തരിച്ചു, Malayalam - Mathrubhumi Movies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717163546/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/malayalam/469893/|archive-date=17 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
He was born on 14 October 1927 to Mariya and N. L. Varkey of the Nambiathusseril family in [[Allappuzha]], Kerala. He had displayed a great flair for acting in dramas even when he was a boy of 10. He completed his school education from Leo Thirteenth High school, Alleppey and St. Ephrem's School, Mannanam. During his college life he had represented [[Kerala University]] football team. He passed out as a graduate in economics from Sacred Hearts College, Thevara.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/1415/ |title=നസീറിനെ എന്തിനാണ് ഞാന് അടിച്ചത്?, Interview – Mathrubhumi Movies |publisher=Mathrubhumi.com |date=7 January 2008 |access-date=25 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219083159/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/1415/ |archive-date=19 December 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
<br />
===Early work===<br />
During his studies in the schools and colleges, he had acted in dramas of the [[Shakespearean]] genre.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} Later on, [[Kunchacko]] of [[Udaya Studios]], Alleppey, identified his talent and gave him a role to act in his film ''[[Visappinte Vili]]'' in which he acted as villain against the Evergreen Hero, [[Prem Nazir]]. This happened to be the first film in Malayalam in which a villain fights with the hero without a dupe and that role was performed with aplomb by Sasikumar. Subsequently, in addition to acting in several films produced by Udaya Studios he worked as the assistant director of Kunchacko in those films.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}<br />
<br />
Later on, he joined [[Merryland Studios]], owned by the veteran director-producer [[P. Subramaniam]]. It was under his tutelage that Sasikumar was transformed into a great director. While in Merryland he worked with many renowned actors of that time, including T. K. Balachandran, Prem Nazir and [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]]. He worked as associate director to P. Subramaniam in addition to acting in some roles himself. Sasikumar still considers P.Subramanyam as a fatherly icon who had showered upon him fatherly affection and regards during his tenure at Merryland. The first independent film directed by Sasikumar was a documentary, namely ONAKKAZHCHA for [[Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited|Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited (FACT)]] regarding the use and effectiveness of fertilizers in agriculture.<br />
<br />
===Peak years===<br />
Following the advice of his friend [[Prem Nazir]], Sasikumar went to [[Chennai]] in the 1960s. He directed ''[[Thommante Makkal]]'' and ''[[Porter Kunjali]]'' for Thomas Pictures in 1965. He also directed, along with [[P. A. Thomas]], the movie ''[[Kudumbini]]'' (1964) for Thomas Pictures, which received a Certificate of Merit at the annual [[National Film Awards]]. Subsequently, he directed an [[art film]], ''[[Kavalam Chundan (film)|Kavalam Chundan]]'', which was a flop. As a result, a dejected Sasikumar decided to give up film direction and return to Kerala to join his father's oil mill business. It was Prem Nazir who encouraged him to return to Chennai where he directed the commercial film ''[[Jeevitha Yaathra]]'' which became a major hit. After this, Sasikumar understood that he could not make an art film like ''Kavalam Chundan'' with producers' money. But after his change of style from art to commercial films he never looked back.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}<br />
<br />
Along with Prem Nazir he helped many producers who had lost their land and jewellery through movie production. [[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]], [[Prem Nazir]], [[Adoor Bhasi]], [[S. P. Pillai]], [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Jose Prakash]], [[Sheela]], [[Vijayasree]], [[K.R.Vijaya]], [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]], [[Vidhubala]], [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], Sreelatha, [[Jayabharathi]], [[Sreevidya]], [[Nanditha Bose]], [[Unni Mary]], [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Mammootty]], [[Sukumaran]], [[M. G. Soman|Soman]], Ravikumar, [[Jayan]], Vincent, [[Sobhana]], [[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]], [[Mohanlal]] and [[Suresh Gopi]] all acted in his films. [[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]], who had acted in the role of a mother in his old movie ''Thommante Makkal'' which had a story with a Christian background acted in the same movie, remade with a Hindu background and retitled ''Swanthamevide Banthamevide'' taking the same role after 25 years. Some years later, Sasikumar remade the same movie under the title "Raja Vazhcha". It was Sasikumar who introduced a new sophisticated villain to the Malayalam film world in the form of "Silver Head" enacted by Jose Prakash in ''Love in Kerala'' (1968). During his long career in film he has directed more than 140 films in Malayalam and one film in Tamil. The trio consisting of Sasikumar, Sreekumaran Thampi and M.K Arjunan was the rage of the period 1969–1980.<br />
<br />
===Acting===<br />
Sasikumar acted in small roles in films like ''[[Thiramala]], Sreerama Pattabhishekam, Velakkaran, [[Thommante Makkal]], Seetha, [[Snehadeepam]], Umma, [[Bhakta Kuchela (1961 film)|Bhakta Kuchela]], [[Snapaka Yohannan]], Kattumaina, [[Visappinte Vili]], [[Oral Koodi Kallanayi]]'' etc. He has also written the story, cinema script and dialogue for many of his films.<br />
<br />
==Collaborators==<br />
Sasikumar launched the career of Malayalam film music composer [[Ravindran]] with his film ''Choola''. The Malayalam music director [[M. K. Arjunan]] became popular after scoring music for Sasikumar's movie ''[[Rest House (film)|Rest House]]''. Other films had music by other well-known composers – [[Devarajan]], [[A. T. Ummer]], [[Salil Chowdhury]], [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]], [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] and [[M. S. Viswanathan]]. His lyricists included [[Vayalar Rama Varma]], [[Sreekumaran Thampy]], [[O. N. V. Kurup]], [[P. Bhaskaran]] and K. Jayakumar, but Sreekumaran Thampy has been the lyricist in most of his films. All the songs in his film ''Devadasi'' of which the music was scored by Salil Chowdhury became great hits even though the film was not released on account of some problems with its producer, Adoor Padmakumar.<br />
<br />
[[Senthil]], the comedian in Tamil films, was introduced to film audiences through the film "Ithikkara Pakki" and Jagathy Sreekumar, a comedian of Malayalam films, through his film "Chattambi Kalyani". Jayabharathy was introduced to the Malayalam film world by Sasikumar through his movie "Pen Makkal". His assistants [[P. G. Viswambharan]], G. Prem Kumar, Crossbelt Mani, Baby, [[Thampi Kannanthanam]], and Asokan became successful independent directors later on. Some of the artists whom he had actively promoted and supported during his heyday have now become national icons and awardees. If cinema is considered a medium of entertainment Sasikumar has been an immense success. He created movies as per the zeitgeist. He gave the people of those times what they wanted and what they expected of him. And they wanted to see his movies again and again.<br />
<br />
==World records==<br />
* Maximum number of films directed by any director: 141<br />
* Maximum number of films having the same actor as hero : 84 ([[Prem Nazir]])<br />
* Maximum number of films directed in a year by any director in world cinema : 15 films in 1977<br />
<br />
The Kerala state Government honoured him in the year 2013 by conferring on him the coveted [[J. C. Daniel Award]] for his manifold contributions to the Malayalam cinema.<br />
<br />
==Death==<br />
Sasikumar died at [[Lakeshore Hospital]] in Kochi on 17 July 2014 at the age of 87.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} He was buried according to Christian rites at St. Michael's Church [[Alappuzha]], his home-town, on 19 July.<ref>https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/malayalam-film-director-j-sasikumar-dies-at-86-640913</ref> He is survived by two daughters. His wife Thresiamma and son Shaji predeceased him, both in 2009.<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}<br />
#''[[Kudumbini]]'' (1964 Sasikumar and P. A. Thomas)<br />
#''[[Jeevitha Yaathra]]'' (1965)<br />
#''[[Thommante Makkal]]'' (1965)<br />
#''[[Porter Kunjali]]'' (1965)<br />
#''Pennmakkal'' (1966)<br />
#''[[Koottukar (1966 film)|Koottukar]]'' (1966)<br />
#''[[Kanmanikal]]'' (1966)<br />
#''[[Kavalam Chundan (film)|Kavalam Chundan]]'' (1967)<br />
#''[[Balyakalasakhi (1967 film)|Balyakalasakhi]]'' (1967)<br />
#''Vidyarthi'' (1968)<br />
#''[[Velutha Kathreena]]'' (1968)<br />
#''[[Love in Kerala]]'' (1968)<br />
#''[[Rest House]]'' (1969)<br />
#''[[Rahasyam (1969 film)|Rahasyam]]'' (1969)<br />
#''[[Rakthapushpam]]'' (1970)<br />
#''[[Lanka Dahanam]]'' (1971)<br />
#''[[Bobanum Moliyum]]'' (1971)<br />
#''[[Pushpanjali]]'' (1972)<br />
#''[[Maravil Thirivu Sookshikkuka]]'' (1972)<br />
#''[[Brahmachari (1972 film)|Brahmachari]]'' (1972)<br />
#''[[Anveshanam]]'' (1972)<br />
#''[[Thiruvabharanam]]'' (1973)<br />
#''[[Thekkan Kattu]]'' (1973)<br />
#''[[Thaniniram]]'' (1973)<br />
#''[[Panchavadi]]'' (1973)<br />
#''[[Padmavyooham (1973 film)|Padmavyooham]]'' (1973)<br />
#''[[Interview (1973 film)|Interview]]'' (1973)<br />
#''[[Divyadharsanam]]'' (1973)<br />
#''[[Sethu Bandhanam]]'' (1974)<br />
#''[[Poonthenaruvi]]'' (1974)<br />
#''[[Pancha Thanthram]]'' (1974)<br />
#''[[Night Duty]]'' (1974)<br />
#''[[Sindhu]]'' (1975)<br />
#''[[Sammanam (1975 film)|Sammanam]]'' (1975)<br />
#''[[Pulivalu]]'' (1975)<br />
#''[[Pravaham]]'' (1975)<br />
#''[[Picnic (1975 film)|Picnic]]'' (1975)<br />
#''[[Palaazhi Madhanam]]'' (1975)<br />
#''[[Padmaragam]]'' (1975)<br />
#''[[Chattambi Kalyani]]'' (1975)<br />
#''[[Alibabayum 41 Kallanmaarum]]'' (1975)<br />
#''[[Abhimaanam]]'' (1975)<br />
#''[[Aaranya Kaandum]]'' (1975)<br />
#''[[Swimming Pool (1976 film)|Swimming Pool]]'' (1976)<br />
#''[[Pushpa Sarem]]'' (1976)<br />
#''[[Pick Pocket (1976 film)|Pickpocket]]'' (1976)<br />
#''[[Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Maghan]]'' (1976)<br />
#''[[Kamadhenu]]'' (1976)<br />
#''[[Amrudha Vahini]]'' (1976)<br />
#''[[Ajayanum Vijayanum]]'' (1976)<br />
#''[[Vishukkani]]'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Varadhakshina]]'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Thuruppu Gulam]]'' (1977)<br />
#''Saghakkale Munottu'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Rathi Manmathan]]'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Randu Lokam]]'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Parivarthanam]]'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Panchamrutham]]'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Muttathe Mulla]]'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Mohavum Mukthiyum]]'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Mini Mol]]'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Lakshmi]]'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Chathur Vedam]]'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Aparaajitha]]'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Akshaya Paathram]]'' (1977)<br />
#''[[Sathru Samharam]]'' (1978)<br />
#''[[Nivedhyam]]'' (1978)<br />
#''[[Ninakku Njanum Enikku Neeyum]]'' (1978)<br />
#''[[Mukkuvane Snehicha Bhootham]]'' (1978)<br />
#''[[Mudhra Mothiram]]'' (1978)<br />
#''[[Mattoru Karnan]]'' (1978)<br />
#''[[Kanyaka (film)|Kanyaka]]'' (1978)<br />
#''[[Kalpa Vriksham]]'' (1978)<br />
#''[[Jayikkanaayi Janichavan]]'' (1978)<br />
#''[[Bharyayum Kamukiyum]]'' (1978)<br />
#''[[Nithya Vasantham]]'' (1979)<br />
#''[[Choola]]'' (1979)<br />
#''[[Manava Dharmam]]'' (1979)<br />
#''[[Vellayani Paramu]]'' (1979)<br />
#''[[Ormayil Nee Mathram]]'' (1979)<br />
#''[[Devadasi]]'' (1979; Unreleased)<br />
#''[[Theenalangal]]'' (1980)<br />
#''[[Prakadanam]]'' (1980)<br />
#''[[Oru Varsham Oru Maasam]]'' (1980)<br />
#''[[Karipuranda Jeevithangal]]'' (1980)<br />
#''Ithikkara Pakki'' (1980)<br />
#''[[Kodumudikal]]'' (1981)<br />
#''[[Theerathinu Ariyumo Thirayude vedana]]'' (Unreleased 1995)<br />
#''[[Attimari]]'' (1981)<br />
#''[[Ellam Ninakku Vendi]]'' (1981)<br />
#''[[Dhruva Sangamam]]'' (1981)<br />
#''[[Theekali]]'' (1981)<br />
#''[[Nagamadathu Thampuratti]]'' (1982)<br />
#''[[Thuranna Jail]]'' (1982)<br />
#''[[Sooryan (1982 film)|Sooryan]]'' (1982)<br />
#''[[Post Mortem (1982 film)|Post Mortem]]'' (1982)<br />
#''[[Madrasile Mon]]'' (1982)<br />
#''Koaritharicha Naal'' (1982)<br />
#''Jumbulingam'' (1982)<br />
#''[[Keni (film)|Keni]]'' (1982)<br />
#''Yuddham'' (1983)<br />
#''Sandhya Vandanam'' (1983)<br />
#''Pourasham'' (1983)<br />
#''Mahabali'' (1983)<br />
#''Kolakomban'' (1983)<br />
#''Kattaruvi'' (1983)<br />
#''Chakravalam Chuvannappol'' (1983)<br />
#''Attakkalasam'' (1983)<br />
#''[[Arabikadal]]'' (1983)<br />
#''[[Swanthamevide Bandhamevide]]'' (1984)<br />
#''Makale Mappu Tharu'' (1984)<br />
#''Ivide Thudangunnu'' (1984)<br />
#''Pathamudayam'' (1985)<br />
#''Ezhu Muthal Onpathu Vare'' (1985)<br />
#''[[Azhiyatha Bandhangal]]'' (1985)<br />
#''Makan Ente Makan'' (1985)<br />
#''Mounanombaram'' (1985)<br />
#''[[Ente Kanakkuyil]]'' (1985)<br />
#''[[Shobhraj|Shobaraj]]'' (1986)<br />
#''Kunjattakilikal'' (1986)<br />
#''[[Iniyum Kurukshethrum]]'' (1986)<br />
#''Ente Entethu Mathram'' (1986)<br />
#''Manasil Oru Manimuthu'' (1986)<br />
#''Mauna Nombaram'' (1986)<br />
#''Akalangalil'' (1986)<br />
#''Jaithra Yaathra'' (1987)<br />
#''[[Ithu Ente Neethi]]'' (1987)<br />
#''Nagapanchami'' (1989)<br />
#''Rajavazhcha'' (1990)<br />
#''Paadatha Veenayum Paadum'' (1990)<br />
#''Dollar'' (1993 produced by Mr.Raju Joseph, Thushara films, shot in USA & India)<br />
#''FACT'' (Documentary 1961, starring Sasikumar, Jose Prakash & Aranmula Ponnamma), namely ONAKKAZHCHA<br />
#''Panchamurtham''( Tamil-1978 starring M.R.Radha&Jaishankar-Yesodha films, Producer- Sahul; www.cinesouth.com)<br />
#''Oralkoodi Kallanayi''(1964– Sasikumar &P.A Thomas – Thomas Pictures)<br />
#''Woodlex Furniture'' (Advt. film for Woodlex furniture, Calicut: produced by Mr.Usman)<br />
<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of Malayalam films from 1976 to 1980]]<br />
*[[List of Malayalam films from 1981 to 1985]]<br />
*[[List of Malayalam films from 1986 to 1990]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|0765881|Sasikumar}}<br />
{{J. C. Daniel Award}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sasikumar}}<br />
[[Category:1927 births]]<br />
[[Category:2014 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:J. C. Daniel Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Film directors from Alappuzha district]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]<br />
[[Category:Artists from Alappuzha]]<br />
[[Category:Malayali people]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kochi]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=T._V._Ramprasadh&diff=454035T. V. Ramprasadh2025-11-03T16:33:48Z<p>Julipfz: adjusted lead also and fixed typos</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Carnatic music singer}}<br />
{{BLP no footnotes|date=May 2023}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = T. V. Ramprasadh<br />
| image = TVR-Bharatpedia.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = TVR at Deekshitar Dhruvapada a thematic concert presented for Houston Cultural Centre in 2021<br />
| background = Carnatic Classical Vocalist<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| alias = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1969|5|13}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br />
| origin = <br />
| death_date = <!-- {{death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date 1st) --><br />
| death_place = <br />
| genre = [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]]<br />
| occupation = Vocalist<br />
| instrument = <br />
| years_active = <!-- 1982- present (or –present) --><br />
| label = <br />
| website = {{URL|http://www.tvramprasadh.com}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Thokur Vyasa Ramprasadh''' (born 13 May 1969) is an Indian Carnatic Vocalist, teacher and social entrepreneur.<br />
<br />
His training started at home at the age of 3 from his father Shri Vyasa Rao. Around the age of seven more rigorous training from Mahalakshmi Natrajan (Bombay) a senior disciple of Shri [[T.M.Thiagarajan]] and later from Sharada Satyanarayana. Ramprasadh received his advanced training from maestros Padma Bhushan [[P. S. Narayanaswamy]], Sangita Kalacharya S Rajam, [[T. V. Gopalakrishnan]] and [[R.R. Keshavamurthy]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* {{cite web |last=Swaminathan |first=G. |date=2021-11-28 |title=Impressiveraga exercises by T.V. Ramprasadh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/impressive-raga-exercises-by-tv-ramprasadh/article37210745.ece |access-date=2021-11-29 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}<br />
* [http://www.artindia.net www.artindia.net]<br />
* [http://www.musiciansgallery.com www.musiciansgallery.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812203026/http://www.musiciansgallery.com/ |date=12 August 2014 }}<br />
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110522065020/http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900110300.htm Manoranjitham's Gokulashtami Navaratri Music Festival review]}} from The Hindu<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20020305214237/http://www.tvramprasadh.com/ TV Ramprasadh's Official Site]}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramprasadh, T V}}<br />
[[Category:1969 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Male Carnatic singers]]<br />
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]<br />
[[Category:Singers from Mumbai]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamali_Soren&diff=507933Kamali Soren2025-10-30T13:46:16Z<p>Julipfz: new</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian social worker}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Kamali Soren<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = 1971<br />
| birth_place = Kotalhati, [[Malda district|Malda District]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = [[Social work|Social worker]]<br />
| known_for = Social work, preventing [[child marriage]]<br />
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2021)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kamali Soren''' (born 1971), also known as '''Guru Maa''', is an Indian [[social worker]] from [[Malda district]], [[West Bengal]], recognized for her efforts in social welfare and preventing child marriage.<ref name="Telegraph2021a">{{Cite news|date=28 January 2021|title=Glare on Padma Shri choice|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/glare-on-padma-shri-choice/cid/1804959|access-date=3 April 2025|work=[[The Telegraph India]]}}</ref> She is associated with the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]]-backed All India Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram in [[Gazole (community development block)|Gazole]], Malda.<ref name="Telegraph2021a"/><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Kamali Soren was born in 1971 in Kotalhati village, [[Malda district]], [[West Bengal]].<ref name="Anandabazar2021">{{Cite news|date=28 January 2021|title=Kamali Soren, known as Guru Maa awarded Padma Shri|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/north-bengal/kamali-soren-known-as-guru-maa-awarded-padma-shri/cid/1263574|access-date=3 April 2025|work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|language=bn|archive-date=5 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405042953/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/north-bengal/kamali-soren-known-as-guru-maa-awarded-padma-shri/cid/1263574|url-status=live}}</ref> After her husband's death, she began living in a tribal camp in Kotalhati and took up social work, focusing on the tribal communities in the region.<ref name="Anandabazar2021"/><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Soren has worked with the All India Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram, a tribal organization affiliated with the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]], in [[Gazole (community development block)|Gazole]], Malda.<ref name="Telegraph2021a"/> She has been involved in encouraging tribal people, particularly Christians and Muslims, to return to [[Hinduism]], which has sparked controversy.<ref name="Telegraph2021a"/> In November 2021, Soren intervened to stop a child marriage in Habibpur, Malda, ensuring a 14-year-old girl could continue her education by promising to cover her expenses.<ref name="Telegraph2021b">{{Cite news|date=30 November 2021|title=Padma Shri winner stops child marriage in Malda|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/padma-shri-winner-stops-child-marriage-in-malda/cid/1841180|access-date=3 April 2025|work=[[The Telegraph India]]|archive-date=5 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405042953/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/padma-shri-winner-stops-child-marriage-in-malda/cid/1841180|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
In 2021, Soren was awarded the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian honor, for her contributions to social work.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021|title=Padma Awards 2021|url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/Document/pdf/notifications/PadmaAwards/2021.pdf|access-date=3 April 2025|website=Padma Awards, [[Government of India]]}}</ref> Her selection drew criticism from some political groups due to her association with the RSS and allegations of religious conversions.<ref name="Telegraph2021a"/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Soren, Kamali}}<br />
[[Category:1971 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian social workers]]<br />
[[Category:People from Malda district]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]]<br />
<br />
{{India-activist-stub}}</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radha_Soami_Satsang_Sabha&diff=468270Radha Soami Satsang Sabha2025-10-30T02:03:39Z<p>Julipfz: updated page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian religious and charitable organisation}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox religious group|image=Radha_Soami_Satsang_Sabha_(DAYALBAGH)_LOGO.jpg|image_caption=Official logo of the Radha Soami Satsang Sabha (Dayalbagh)|website=https://www.dayalbagh.org.in/|religions=[[Radha Soami]] [[Sant Mat]] ([[Non-denominational]])}}<br />
<br />
'''Radhasoami Satsang Sabha'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dayalbagh.org.in/index.htm|title = Home}}</ref> also written as '''Ra Dha Sva Aa Mi Satsang Sabha'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.dayalbagh.org.in/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=www.dayalbagh.org.in}}</ref> is the Chief Working Committee of [[Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh]]. Sabha was founded in 1910 and came to be registered under the Charitable Societies Registration Act (No. 21 of 1860).<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://indiankanoon.org/docfragment/512593/?big=3&formInput=dayalbagh |website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref> The teachings of [[Radha Soami]] sect are based on the spiritual teachings of [[Shiv Dayal Singh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radhasoamisatsang.org/rsfaith/radhasoamifaith_3.htm |title=Radhasoami Satsang: Radhasoami Faith - The First Guru - Establishment of the Faith |website=www.radhasoamisatsang.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301012725/http://www.radhasoamisatsang.org/rsfaith/radhasoamifaith_3.htm |archive-date=1 March 2007}}</ref> The Present spiritual head of Radhasoami Mat is [[Prem Saran Satsangi]] who is also the eighth and current sant satguru of Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh and a system scientist and physicist other than declared guru as declared by November 2024 [[Dr. Vishal Sahni]]. The President in head of Radhasoami Satsang Sabha is [[Mr. Sood]] and Secretary is [[Mr. Premdas Satsangi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dayalbagh.org.in/specialTalks/visionTalkQANSAS2012.htm|title = Special Talks}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Lineage of Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh==<br />
<br />
* [[Shiv Dayal Singh]] (1818–1878) ''alias'' '''''Param Guru Soami Ji Maharaj''''', First guru of Radhasoami Satsang and spiritual head, 1861–1878<br />
* [[Salig Ram]] (1829–1898) ''alias '''Param Guru Huzur Maharaj,''''' Second guru of Radhasoami Satsang and spiritual head 1878–1898<br />
* [[Maharaj Sahab]] (1861–1907) ''alias '''Param Guru Maharaj Sahab,''''' Third guru of Radhasoami Satsang and spiritual head, 1898–1907<br />
* [[Kamta Prasad Sinha]] (1871–1913) ''alias '''Param Guru Sarkar Sahab''','' Fourth guru of Radhasoami Satsang and spiritual head of Satsang Sabha, 1907–1913<br />
* [[Anand Swarup]] (1881–1937) ''alias '''Param Guru Sahab Ji Maharaj''''', Fifth guru of Radhasoami Satsang and spiritual head of Satsang Sabha, 1913–1937<br />
* [[Gurcharan Das Mehta]] (1885–1975) ''alias '''Param Guru Mehta Ji Maharaj,''''' Sixth guru of Radhasoami Satsang and spiritual head of Satsang Sabha, 1937–1975<br />
* [[Makund Behari Lal]] (1907–2002) ''alias '''Param Guru Lal Sahab''','' Seventh guru of Radhasoami Satsang and spiritual head of Satsang Sabha, 1975–2002<br />
* [[Prem Saran Satsangi]] (1937–Present) ''alias '''Param Guru Satsangi Sahab,''''' Eighth and Present guru of Radhasoami Satsang and spiritual head, 2002–Present<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|| alt1=thumb|SANT SATGURU OF RADHASOAMI FAITH (DAYALBAGH GURU LINEAGE) }}<br />
<br />
==Key organisations and institutions==<br />
* [[Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://dayalbagh.org.in/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=dayalbagh.org.in}}</ref><br />
* Saran Ashram Hospital (charitable hospital)<ref>{{Cite web |title=SARAN ASHRAM HOSPITAL – SARAN ASHRAM HOSPITAL |url=https://sahospital.org.in/ |access-date=4 July 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* [[Dayalbagh Educational Institute]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.dei.ac.in/dei/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=www.dei.ac.in}}</ref><br />
* Dayalbagh Science of Consciousness<ref>{{Cite web |title=DSC2024 |url=https://dsc-dei.in/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=dsc-dei.in}}</ref><br />
* International Center for Agroecology(ICA)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agrocology |first=International Center for |title=Come Join us on our journey to a better and sustainable tomorrow |url=https://internationalcenterforagroecology.org/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=International Center for Agroecology |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* SPHEEHA<ref>{{Cite web |title=SPHEEHA - Home |url=https://spheeha.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829201142/http://spheeha.org/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=29 August 2010 |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=SPHEEHA |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* [[Systems Society of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Systems Society of India - Sysi.org |url=https://www.sysi.org/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=www.sysi.org}}</ref><br />
* International Centre for Applied Systems Science for Sustainable Development<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} ICAS3D |url=https://www.icasssd.org/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=ICASSSD |language=en}}</ref><br />
* The (Dayalbagh) Ra Dha Sva Aa Mi Satsang Association of Europe<ref>{{Cite web |title=DRSAE – The (Dayalbagh) Radhasoami Satsang Association Europe |url=https://drsae.org/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
* Dayalbagh Radhasoami Satsang Association of Australia<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.acnc.gov.au/charity/charities/81d5a2a6-3aaf-e811-a963-000d3ad244fd/profile |website=acnc.gov.au}}</ref><br />
* Dayalbagh Radhasoami Satsang Association Of North America<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roberts |first=Andrea Suozzo, Alec Glassford, Ash Ngu, Brandon |date=9 May 2013 |title=Dayalbagh Radhasoami Satsang Association Of North America - Nonprofit Explorer |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/134295464 |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=ProPublica |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Dayalbagh]]<br />
* [[Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh]]<br />
* [[Radha Soami Satsang Beas]]<br />
* [[Sant Mat]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*http://www.dayalbagh.org.in/<br />
*http://www.radhasoamisatsang.org/chronology.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817235747/http://www.radhasoamisatsang.org/chronology.htm |date=17 August 2017 }}<br />
*http://radhasoamidayal.net/GuruIntro.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011015448/http://radhasoamidayal.net/GuruIntro.html |date=11 October 2017 }}<br />
*http://eacharya.inflibnet.ac.in/data-server/eacharya-documents/548158e2e41301125fd790cf_INFIEP_72/110/ET/72-110-ET-V1-S1__l_.pdf<br />
<br />
{{Sant Mat}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Contemporary Sant Mat]]<br />
[[Category:Radha Soami]]<br />
[[Category:Spiritual organizations]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Saudis&diff=504145Indian Saudis2025-10-06T23:33:52Z<p>Julipfz: done...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Saudis of Indian birth or descent}}<br />
{{distinguish|Non-Resident Indians in Saudi Arabia}}<br />
{{Infobox ethnic group<br />
| group = Indian Saudis<br />
| native_name = سعوديون الهنود<br />
| native_name_lang = ar<br />
| flag = <br />
| image = [[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|border|130px]] [[File:Flag of India.svg|border|130px]] [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|border|130px]]<br />
| population = 20,000<br />
| regions = [[Mecca]], [[Medina]], [[Jeddah]], [[Riyadh]], [[Dammam]], [[Jubail]], [[Jizan]]<br />
| languages = [[Arabic]]{{•}}[[Hindi]]{{•}}[[Malayalam]]{{•}}[[Urdu]]{{•}}[[Telugu language|Telugu]]{{•}}[[Meitei language|Meitei]]<br />
| religions = [[Islam]]<br />
| related_groups = [[Indians in Yemen|Yemeni Indians]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Indian Saudis''' or '''Indo-Saudis''' ({{Langx|hi|भारतीय सऊदी|Bhāratīya Saūdī}}; {{langx|ar|سعوديون الهنود|translit=Saʿūdīyūn al-Hunūd|lit=}}) are [[Saudis]] of [[Indian people|Indian]] origin. They consist mainly of the descendants of [[Hajji|Hajj pilgrims]] who hailed from the territories of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]], [[British Raj|British]], [[History of India (1947–present)|modern India]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2007-12-13|title=Haj — An Indian Experience Through the Ages|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/306675|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Arab News|language=en}}</ref> or [[Pakistan]] and settled in [[Hejaz]] before or after the [[Unification of Saudi Arabia|establishment of Saudi Arabia]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-01|title=Historic origins of Saudi Arabia's diverse population|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1256656/saudi-arabia|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Arab News|language=en}}</ref> [[Foreign workers in Saudi Arabia|immigrants]] and residents who were naturalized prior to the revocation of ''[[jus soli]]'' citizenship rights<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-12-31|title=If This Is You, You Could Obtain a Saudi Citizenship|url=https://www.abouther.com/node/24916/people/features/if-you-you-could-obtain-saudi-citizenship|access-date=2021-11-15|website=About Her|language=en}}</ref> and children born to Saudi fathers under the ''[[jus sanguinis]]'' principle.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-17|title=Sheikh urges Saudis to tap huge Indian potential|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/563634|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Saudigazette|language=English}}</ref> Most Indo-Saudis adhere to Islam and speak [[Arabic]] and [[Urdu]].<br />
<br />
== Notable Indo-Saudis ==<br />
<br />
* [[Abu Turab al-Zahiri]], theologian and jurist<br />
* [[Dhiya Ur-Rahman Azmi|Ziaur Rahman Azmi]], theologian and scholar<br />
*[[Muhammad Mustafa Azmi]], scholar<br />
* [[Abdulbasit Hindi]], footballer<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Saudi Arabian people of Indian descent]]<br />
[[Category:Indian diaspora by country|Saudi Arabia]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indus_River_Delta%E2%80%93Arabian_Sea_mangroves&diff=464655Indus River Delta–Arabian Sea mangroves2025-10-05T22:42:38Z<p>Julipfz: improved details as per guidelines and cleaned formatting for accuracy</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Large mangrove ecoregion on the Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan and India}}<br />
{{Infobox ecoregion<br />
|name = Ecoregion: Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves<br />
|image = Karachi ali 2010008 lrg.jpg<br />
|image_size = 300<br />
|image_alt = <br />
|caption = Karachi and the Indus River Delta<br />
|map = Ecoregion IM1403.png<br />
|map_size = 300<br />
|map_alt = Ecoregion territory (in purple)<br />
|map_caption = Ecoregion territory (in purple)<br />
|ecozone = [[Indomalayan]]<br />
|biome = [[Mangrove]]<br />
|animals = <br />
|bird_species = <br />
|borders = <br />
|area = 5698<br />
|country = [[Pakistan]], [[India]]<br />
|state = <br />
|region_type = <br />
|elevation = <br />
|coordinates = {{coord|24.65|N|67.30103|E|display=title,inline}}<br />
|geology = <br />
|seas =<br />
|rivers = <br />
|climate = <br />
|soil = <br />
|conservation =<br />
|global200 =<br />
|habitat_loss = <br />
|habitat_loss_ref =<br />
|protected = <br />
|protected_ref =<br />
}}<br />
The '''Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves''' are a large [[mangrove]] [[ecoregion]] on the [[Arabian Sea]] coast of [[Sindh|Sindh Province]], [[Pakistan]], and the [[Gulf of Kutch|Gulfs of Kutch]] and [[Gulf of Khambat|Khambhat]] in [[Gujarat, India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/im1403|title=Southern Asia: Coastal India and Pakistan|first=Eric|last=Wikramanayake|publisher=WWF}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1= Wikramanayake, Eric D.|author2= Dinerstein, Eric|author3=Loucks, Colby J.|date=2002|title=Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: A Conservation Assessment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_VGRBWqIG2gC&pg=PA194|publisher=[[Island Press]]|page=194 |isbn=978-1-55-963923-1}}</ref> The mangroves are the seventh largest [[mangrove forest]] in the world.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last1=Ebrahim|first1=Zofeen T.|date=May 5, 2020|title=Ignored by Pakistan, the Indus delta is being lost to the sea|url=https://www.thethirdpole.net/2020/05/05/pakistan-indus-delta/|access-date=2020-12-18|website=The Third Pole|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Indus River Delta]] forms a vast alluvial fan composed of mud flats interspersed with channels and fringed with mangrove forests. The delta has gotten significantly smaller in the 20th century as development and coastal management practices reduce the resilience of the delta. The delta had 16% cover by mangroves in 1990, and has decreased by 10% by 2017.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Much of the forested area has been destroyed and the remaining parts are threatened, in part because practices like dykes make the land no longer suitable for mangroves, and encroachment by communities harvesting mangrove wood.<ref name=":0" /> Other threats include pollution and oil spills from the city of [[Karachi]].<ref name="WWF" /><br />
<br />
==Location and description==<br />
With a length of {{convert|2880|km|mi|-2|abbr=on}}, the Indus River is one of the longest rivers in the world, starting in the glaciers of the Himalayan range in Tibet and flowing through India and Pakistan. Where the river enters the Arabian Sea in Sindh Province, Pakistan, there is an [[alluvial fan]] that extends along {{convert|150|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of coastline. It is formed from the vast quantities of silt that have been washed down the river for over fifty million years and covers an area of about {{convert|600000|hectare}}. There are seventeen major channels, many smaller ones, extensive mudflats and fringing mangrove swamps which form a barrier against [[storm surge]]s.<ref name=Boon>{{cite book|author1=Boon, Philip |author2=Raven, Paul |title=River Conservation and Management |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QB3JEWO0ETQC&pg=PA69 |year=2012 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-96196-3 |pages=69–78}}</ref><br />
<br />
These mangroves are found in the [[Indus River Delta]] on the Arabian sea, an even saltier estuary than usual due to the salts brought to the coast by the [[Indus River|Indus]] from the [[Thar Desert]], a process that is ongoing as the river is increasingly used for [[irrigation]] and water supply. Mangroves are an important habitat where salt and fresh water mix and support a range of plants specialised to survive in this salty environment, and large numbers of fishes and [[crustacean]]s that find food, shelter and oxygen in the waters beneath the tree roots. The temperature is hot in summer, reaching {{convert|50|°C}}, and may fall to near freezing point in winter. The rain falls in the [[Monsoon#Southwest monsoon|southwest monsoon]] between July and September and averages {{convert|100|to|500|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} of precipitation.<ref name=WWF>{{WWF ecoregion|id=im1403|name=Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves}}</ref> The Indus River is used extensively for irrigation and by the time it reaches the delta, the flow of freshwater is down by more than 90% compared to historic levels. Active flow only lasts for about two months, and the sediment load is similarly diminished. Saline water intrudes upstream for about {{convert|80|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} and this affects both the mangroves growing in the area and the agricultural land. Loss of sediment causes increased [[coastal erosion]], and this is exacerbated by land subsidence and [[sea level rise|rising sea levels]]. Other factors affecting the mangrove areas are pollution from sewage and industrial effluent, and parts of the mangrove area have been lost to agriculture and urban development.<ref name=Spalding>{{cite book|author1=Spalding, Mark |author2=Kainuma, Mami |author3=Collins, Lorna |title=World Atlas of Mangroves |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzSCkulW9SQC&pg=PA96 |year=2010 |publisher=Earthscan |isbn=978-1-84977-660-8 |page=96}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Flora==<br />
[[File:Mature mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) at edge of Lake Be Malae.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Avicennia marina]]'']]<br />
The flora of the delta is not diverse as few plants can survive the severe conditions of heat and salinity.<ref name=WWF/> In 2003, mangrove forests were estimated to cover {{convert|820|km2}} of the delta. 95% of the trees were [[Avicennia marina|grey mangroves]] (''Avicennia marina''), with the remaining 5%, growing on small areas of higher ground, being [[Rhizophora mucronata|red mangrove]] (''Rhizophora mucronata''), [[Ceriops tagal|Indian mangrove]] (''Ceriops tagal'') and [[Aegiceras corniculatum|black mangrove]] (''Aegiceras corniculatum'').<ref name=Spalding/> [[Acanthus ilicifolius|Sea holly]] (''Acanthus ilicifolius'') and other salt-tolerant plants grow in drier parts. Mangrove forests have a thick canopy and an undergrowth consisting mainly of saplings of the mangrove trees.<ref name=WWF/>. [[Coconuts]] are also present. <br />
<br />
== Fauna ==<br />
The mangroves are especially important as a sheltered haven where fish, crustaceans and [[invertebrate]]s can reproduce and [[fish fry]] can shelter among the [[pneumatophore]]s, the tangle of aerial roots that help the mangroves survive in a saline environment. They are also home to large numbers of seabirds. Mammals of the delta include [[fishing cat]]s, [[Central Asian boar|wild boar]]s, [[Indian hog deer]]s, [[smooth-coated otter]]s, [[small Indian civet]]s, [[Felis chaus affinis|South Asian jungle cat]]s, [[Persian jackal]]s, [[desert hare]]s,[[Indian Ocean humpback dolphin]]s, and [[finless porpoise]]s. The delta is home to large quantities of waterbirds including [[greater flamingo]]s, [[Dalmatian pelican]]s, [[great white pelican]]s, [[grey heron]]s, [[purple heron]]s, [[night heron]]s, [[Brahminy kite]]s, [[Western marsh harrier]]s, [[black-shouldered kite]]s, [[common kestrel]]s, [[lesser kestrel]]s, [[Eurasian sparrowhawk]]s, [[greater coucal]]s, [[grey-headed swamphen]]s, [[water rail]]s and as many as 60,000 migratory birds arrive each year.<ref name=Spalding/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wildlifeofpakistan.com/wetlands.htm#Indus |title=Indus Delta and River System |publisher=Wildlife of Pakistan |website=wildlifeofpakistan.com |access-date=May 8, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Threats and preservation==<br />
Pollution from the industrial city and port of [[Karachi]] is a threat to habitats in the delta, as is depletion of the Indus as water is extracted. Oil spills are another hazard. Most of the Indus Delta mangroves have been cleared for firewood and to create grazing land but some remains in three protected areas: [[Marho Kotri Wildlife Sanctuary|Marho Kotri]], [[Cut Munarki Chach Wildlife Sanctuary|Cut Munarki Chach]] Wildlife Sanctuaries and [[Mirpur Sakro]] Game Reserve.<br />
The World Wildlife Fund assesses the status of the mangrove habitat as being critical or endangered.<ref name=WWF/><br />
<br />
In projects started in 1985, the Sindh Forest Department has been in the forefront of replanting and restoring mangrove areas in the delta, with support of [[Tahir Qureshi]] Senior environmentlist and [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]], the [[United Nations Environmental Programme]], [[UNESCO]] and the [[World Bank]]. About {{convert|160|km2}} of grey mangroves and red mangroves have been established and a further {{convert|30|km2}} of red mangrove restored.<ref name=Spalding/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{commons-inline}}<br />
<br />
{{mangroves}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves}}<br />
[[Category:Ecoregions of India]]<br />
[[Category:Ecoregions of Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Indomalayan ecoregions]]<br />
[[Category:Mangrove ecoregions]]<br />
[[Category:Indus River]]<br />
[[Category:Western Indo-Pacific]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_crime_rate&diff=445628List of states and union territories of India by crime rate2025-10-04T12:46:51Z<p>Julipfz: page fix</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|None}}<br />
<br />
{{Lists of states and territories of India}}<br />
The crime rate (crime per 100,000 population) in India was 448.3 in 2023 according to the [[National Crime Records Bureau]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Crime in India 2023 - Vol 1 |url=https://www.ncrb.gov.in/uploads/files/1CrimeinIndia2023PartI.pdf}}</ref> Crime rate varies from state to state and also by the type of crime. Other factors that affect crime rate include registration of complaint, cognisance of offence, which differs in different states. <br />
<br />
Violent crimes are particularly high in [[East India]], [[Northeast India]], [[National Capital Region (India)]]. Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Delhi, Haryana, Maharashtra have violent crime rate higher than the national average in 2023.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Some causes of crimes are region specific. Insurgents committed 147 crimes in 2023, mostly in Manipur. Left wing extremists committed 538 crimes in 2023, mostly in Chhattisgarh & Jharkhand. Terrorists committed 153 crimes in 2023, mostly in Jammu & Kashmir.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Crime in India 2023 - Vol 2 |url=https://www.ncrb.gov.in/uploads/files/2CrimeinIndia2023PartII.pdf}}</ref><br />
<br />
== State-wise statistics ==<br />
Data is based on the annual "Crime in India" publication by the [[National Crime Records Bureau]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Crime in India 2023 - Vol 3 |url=https://www.ncrb.gov.in/uploads/files/3CrimeinIndia2023PartIII.pdf}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Key:<br />
<br />
* Crime Rate is calculated as crime per [[one lakh]] (100,000) of population. That is, rate of [[Cognisable offence|cognizable crime]] (under Indian Penal Code and Special & Local Laws)<br />
* IPC: [[Indian Penal Code]]<br />
* SLL: Special & Local Laws<br />
* Charge-sheet rate: Cases where charges were framed against accused, as a percentage of total cases disposed after investigation.<br />
* Conviction rate: Cases where accused was convicted by court after completion of a trial, as a percentage of total cases where trial was completed<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Crime rate (per 100,000 population) head-wise 2023'''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=July 31, 2025 |title=Top 10 Indian states with highest crime rate |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/top-10-listing/top-10-indian-states-with-highest-crime-rate-delhi-ranks-5th-10161877/ |website=Indian Express}}</ref> Crimes against children rate is calculated per 100,000 children population.<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"<br />
! State / UT<br />
!Total Crimes (IPC+SLL) 2023<br />
!Crime Rate (IPC+SLL) 2023<br />
!Charge-sheet Rate (IPC+SLL) (%) 2023<br />
!Conviction Rate (IPC) (%) 2023<br />
!Violent Crime Rate 2023<br />
!Murder 2023<br />
!Rape 2023<br />
!Kidnapping 2023<br />
!Extortion 2023<br />
!Robbery & Dacoity 2023<br />
!Hit & Run 2023<br />
!Illegal arms 2023<br />
!Corruption (Total cases) 2023<br />
|- bgcolor="#ffdead"<br />
! [[India]]<br />
|6241569<br />
|448.3<br />
|80.1<br />
|54.0<br />
|31.2<br />
|2.0<br />
|4.4<br />
|8.2<br />
|0.9<br />
|2.2<br />
|3.7<br />
|3.1<br />
|4069<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" bgcolor="#CEE0F2" |'''States'''<br />
|-<br />
! [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|184293<br />
|346.3<br />
|92.8<br />
|62.7<br />
|12.1<br />
|1.7<br />
|1.6<br />
|1.4<br />
|0.9<br />
|0.5<br />
|1.0<br />
|0.0<br />
|160<br />
|-<br />
! [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
|2941<br />
|187.9<br />
|57.8<br />
|31.3<br />
|29.0<br />
|3.6<br />
|9.3<br />
|4.1<br />
|2.8<br />
|2.3<br />
|1.0<br />
|0.6<br />
|9<br />
|-<br />
! [[Assam]]<br />
|64959<br />
|181.3<br />
|52.6<br />
|15.4<br />
|32.2<br />
|2.9<br />
|5.6<br />
|9.9<br />
|1.4<br />
|2.1<br />
|3.4<br />
|0.4<br />
|110<br />
|-<br />
! [[Bihar]]<br />
|353502<br />
|277.5<br />
|83.5<br />
|43.0<br />
|41.0<br />
|2.2<br />
|1.5<br />
|11.3<br />
|0.5<br />
|2.0<br />
|2.5<br />
|3.1<br />
|40<br />
|-<br />
! [[Chhattisgarh]]<br />
|115493<br />
|381.2<br />
|88.7<br />
|29.6<br />
|28.4<br />
|3.2<br />
|7.8<br />
|9.9<br />
|0.3<br />
|1.4<br />
|6.0<br />
|0.9<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
! [[Goa]]<br />
|3082<br />
|195.4<br />
|79.8<br />
|25.8<br />
|23.0<br />
|1.6<br />
|12.4<br />
|4.9<br />
|0.5<br />
|0.7<br />
|2.1<br />
|0.2<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
! [[Gujarat]]<br />
|578879<br />
|806.3<br />
|96.5<br />
|46.4<br />
|12.5<br />
|1.3<br />
|1.9<br />
|2.5<br />
|1.0<br />
|1.0<br />
|1.4<br />
|0.8<br />
|205<br />
|-<br />
! [[Haryana]]<br />
|224216<br />
|739.2<br />
|65.0<br />
|30.9<br />
|48.6<br />
|3.4<br />
|12.4<br />
|13.7<br />
|1.6<br />
|2.5<br />
|2.1<br />
|9.4<br />
|205<br />
|-<br />
! [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
|19987<br />
|267.2<br />
|86.6<br />
|27.6<br />
|25.0<br />
|1.2<br />
|9.3<br />
|5.9<br />
|0.2<br />
|0.1<br />
|0.7<br />
|0.1<br />
|73<br />
|-<br />
! [[Jharkhand]]<br />
|63838<br />
|161.1<br />
|69.6<br />
|25.8<br />
|31.2<br />
|3.7<br />
|6.3<br />
|4.2<br />
|1.2<br />
|1.5<br />
|5.8<br />
|1.7<br />
|55<br />
|-<br />
! [[Karnataka]]<br />
|214234<br />
|315.8<br />
|76.9<br />
|36.0<br />
|26.4<br />
|1.9<br />
|2.0<br />
|5.5<br />
|0.3<br />
|3.0<br />
|1.7<br />
|0.2<br />
|362<br />
|-<br />
! [[Kerala]]<br />
|584373<br />
|1631.2<br />
|97.9<br />
|88.9<br />
|28.6<br />
|1.0<br />
|4.5<br />
|0.9<br />
|0.3<br />
|2.7<br />
|0.3<br />
|1.0<br />
|211<br />
|-<br />
! [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
|495708<br />
|570.3<br />
|91.2<br />
|50.1<br />
|32.1<br />
|2.1<br />
|7.1<br />
|13.5<br />
|0.4<br />
|1.5<br />
|8.7<br />
|4.4<br />
|262<br />
|-<br />
! [[Maharashtra]]<br />
|596103<br />
|470.4<br />
|82.2<br />
|49.3<br />
|36.5<br />
|1.7<br />
|4.8<br />
|10.3<br />
|0.9<br />
|5.2<br />
|3.0<br />
|0.6<br />
|812<br />
|-<br />
! [[Manipur]]<br />
|20283<br />
|627.8<br />
|37.4<br />
|34.1<br />
|446.5<br />
|4.7<br />
|1.7<br />
|2.8<br />
|5.8<br />
|47.7<br />
|1.4<br />
|2.5<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
! [[Meghalaya]]<br />
|3532<br />
|105.2<br />
|39.0<br />
|31.7<br />
|14.4<br />
|1.8<br />
|3.9<br />
|2.8<br />
|1.0<br />
|2.0<br />
|0.9<br />
|0.2<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
! [[Mizoram]]<br />
|4050<br />
|326.3<br />
|61.0<br />
|95.1<br />
|13.9<br />
|1.9<br />
|5.9<br />
|0.4<br />
|0.5<br />
|1.5<br />
|0.3<br />
|2.0<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
! [[Nagaland]]<br />
|1899<br />
|84.9<br />
|67.6<br />
|81.0<br />
|6.5<br />
|0.8<br />
|0.9<br />
|1.7<br />
|4.0<br />
|0.4<br />
|0.3<br />
|3.3<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
! [[Odisha]]<br />
|199954<br />
|431.2<br />
|80.6<br />
|29.3<br />
|68.5<br />
|2.9<br />
|5.2<br />
|13.2<br />
|2.4<br />
|7.2<br />
|1.2<br />
|0.0<br />
|267<br />
|-<br />
! [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|69944<br />
|227.1<br />
|73.7<br />
|36.9<br />
|20.1<br />
|2.2<br />
|3.1<br />
|5.1<br />
|1.4<br />
|0.5<br />
|5.2<br />
|1.9<br />
|287<br />
|-<br />
! [[Rajasthan]]<br />
|317480<br />
|390.4<br />
|61.5<br />
|48.4<br />
|30.3<br />
|2.2<br />
|12.8<br />
|12.2<br />
|1.4<br />
|2.1<br />
|4.0<br />
|4.0<br />
|316<br />
|-<br />
! [[Sikkim]]<br />
|718<br />
|103.9<br />
|63.1<br />
|18.1<br />
|15.5<br />
|1.7<br />
|2.8<br />
|5.2<br />
|0.0<br />
|0.3<br />
|0.6<br />
|0.0<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
! [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|539651<br />
|701.4<br />
|85.7<br />
|58.5<br />
|14.7<br />
|2.2<br />
|0.9<br />
|0.6<br />
|2.3<br />
|3.1<br />
|2.0<br />
|0.2<br />
|302<br />
|-<br />
! [[Telangana]]<br />
|183644<br />
|481.6<br />
|77.4<br />
|59.1<br />
|26.4<br />
|2.5<br />
|4.3<br />
|8.3<br />
|1.2<br />
|1.5<br />
|4.2<br />
|0.1<br />
|87<br />
|-<br />
! [[Tripura]]<br />
|5002<br />
|120.4<br />
|80.4<br />
|27.2<br />
|37.1<br />
|2.4<br />
|2.8<br />
|3.2<br />
|0.4<br />
|0.2<br />
|2.2<br />
|0.1<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
! [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|793020<br />
|335.3<br />
|73.7<br />
|74.9<br />
|20.9<br />
|1.4<br />
|3.1<br />
|7.0<br />
|0.4<br />
|0.6<br />
|7.8<br />
|9.2<br />
|169<br />
|-<br />
! [[Uttarakhand]]<br />
|34017<br />
|291.3<br />
|83.5<br />
|54.6<br />
|30.6<br />
|1.6<br />
|7.4<br />
|10.8<br />
|0.4<br />
|1.8<br />
|2.7<br />
|10.1<br />
|21<br />
|-<br />
! [[West Bengal]]<br />
|180272<br />
|181.6<br />
|88.9<br />
|8.5<br />
|47.2<br />
|1.7<br />
|2.3<br />
|8.3<br />
|0.4<br />
|0.4<br />
|0.1<br />
|1.4<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" bgcolor="#CEE0F2" |'''Union Territories'''<br />
|-<br />
![[A&N islands|A&N Islands]]<br />
|1873<br />
|464.8<br />
|94.9<br />
|27.8<br />
|30.3<br />
|2.0<br />
|7.3<br />
|5.5<br />
|0.2<br />
|1.2<br />
|0.7<br />
|0.0<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
![[Chandigarh]]<br />
|4185<br />
|338.9<br />
|65.4<br />
|45.2<br />
|31.2<br />
|1.4<br />
|17.9<br />
|13.0<br />
|0.3<br />
|1.6<br />
|2.1<br />
|1.5<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
![[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|D&N Haveli and Daman & Diu]]<br />
|865<br />
|66.9<br />
|60.4<br />
|7.8<br />
|10.7<br />
|1.5<br />
|1.4<br />
|3.8<br />
|0.3<br />
|0.6<br />
|2.8<br />
|0.0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
![[Delhi]]<br />
|344263<br />
|1602.0<br />
|32.8<br />
|78.1<br />
|51.5<br />
|2.4<br />
|10.9<br />
|26.6<br />
|0.9<br />
|7.8<br />
|3.2<br />
|4.8<br />
|19<br />
|-<br />
![[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|29595<br />
|217.0<br />
|81.0<br />
|55.6<br />
|17.9<br />
|0.6<br />
|3.6<br />
|7.4<br />
|0.0<br />
|0.7<br />
|1.3<br />
|0.3<br />
|62<br />
|-<br />
![[Ladakh]]<br />
|522<br />
|173.4<br />
|87.6<br />
|90.9<br />
|5.3<br />
|0.7<br />
|1.5<br />
|1.7<br />
|0.0<br />
|0.0<br />
|1.7<br />
|0.0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
![[Lakshadweep]]<br />
|127<br />
|184.1<br />
|65.4<br />
|39.0<br />
|7.2<br />
|0.0<br />
|3.0<br />
|0.0<br />
|0.0<br />
|0.0<br />
|0.0<br />
|0.0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
![[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
|5065<br />
|305.5<br />
|95.7<br />
|58.2<br />
|14.9<br />
|1.7<br />
|1.0<br />
|1.4<br />
|0.8<br />
|1.0<br />
|0.0<br />
|0.0<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|- 2491 3014 3699 [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] || 0.1 | 934.1<br />
|-<br />
|- 4256 5462 5967 [[Chandigarh]] || 0.1 | 510.0<br />
|-<br />
|- 256 309 315 [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] || 0.0 | 60.0<br />
|-<br />
|- 287 334 382 [[Daman and Diu]] || 0.0 | 84.6<br />
|-<br />
|- 50 77 114 [[Lakshadweep]] || 0.0 | 114.9<br />
|-<br />
|- 4674 4799 4885 [[Puducherry]] || 0.1 | 315.6<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Crime in India]]<br />
* [[Law enforcement in India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:States and union territories of India by crime rate}}<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|Crime rate]]<br />
[[Category:Crime in India by state or union territory| ]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of subdivisions of India|Crime rate]]<br />
[[Category:Ranked lists of country subdivisions|India, crime rate]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=N._Kesavan&diff=470288N. Kesavan2025-09-13T22:14:17Z<p>Julipfz: brief reworked formatting for clarity and fixed typos</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian politician<br />
|image=File:KESAVAN.jpg<br />
|imagesize=320px<br />
|name=N. Kesavan<br />
|caption=<br />
|office=Member of the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]<br />
|term_start=1996<br />
|term_end=2001<br />
|constituency=[[Lawspet (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Lawspet]]<br />
|birth_date=<br />
|birth_place=[[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]], India<br />
|death_date={{Death date|df=y|2011|09|06}}<br />
|party=<br />
|spouse=<br />
|relations=<br />
|children=<br />
|residence=<br />
|occupation=<br />
|website=<br />
}}<br />
'''N. Kesavan''' (d. 2011) was an Indian politician from Puducherry. He served as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Lawspet (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Lawspet]] assembly constituency from 1996 to 2001. He was appointed as Government Whip in [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]] during his tenure.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/former-dmk-mla-dead/article2434189.ece|title=Former DMK MLA dead|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2 December 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Sri Manakula Vinayagar Educational Trust ==<br />
N. Kesavan is the former Chairman of Sri Manakula Vinayagar Educational Trust which runs many colleges in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.icra.in/Files/Reports/Rationale/Sri%20Manakula%20%20-R-31032016.pdf|title=Sri Manakula Vinayaga Educational Trust|via=The international Credit Rating Agency|access-date=2 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202171031/http://www.icra.in/Files/Reports/Rationale/Sri%20Manakula%20%20-R-31032016.pdf|archive-date=2 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== About Trust ===<br />
In 1996, N. Kesavan, formed Sri Manakula Vinayagar Educational Trust with a view to provide technical and medical education to the weaker sections of the society. After the death of the former chairman the trust is now headed by its chairman and managing director<br />
<br />
=== Institutions ===<br />
The following institutions have been started and are functioning successfully till date.<br />
* [[Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College]], Madagadipet, Puducherry<br />
* Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology, Kalitheerthalkuppam, Madagadipet, Puducherry<br />
* Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College & Hospital, Kalitheerthalkuppam, Madagadipet, Puducherry<br />
* Sri Manakula Vinayagar Nursing College, Kalitheerthalkuppam, Madagadipet, Puducherry<br />
* Sri Manakula Vinayagar Polytechnic College, Kalitheerthalkuppam, Madagadipet, Puducherry<br />
* Venkateswara College of Education & Teacher Training Institute, Kalitheerthalkuppam, Madagadipet, Puducherry<br />
[https://arts.smvec.ac.in/ Sri Manakula Vinayagar School of Arts and Science College]<br />
[https://medscience.smvec.ac.in/ Sri Manakula Vinayagar School of Allied Health Sciences]<br />
[https://smvec.ac.in/college-of-physiotherapy/ College of Physiotherapy]<br />
[https://smvec.ac.in/school-of-agriculture/ School of Agriculture]<br />
<br />
== Mailam Subramania Swamy Educational Trust ==<br />
Kesavan was also the Former Chairman of Mailam Subramania Swamy Educational Trust which was established in 1996. [[Mailam Engineering College]] is an institution formed under this trust.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.icra.in/Files/Reports/Rationale/Mailam%20Subramaniya%20Swamy_r_19032013.pdf|title=Mailam Subramania Swamy Educational Trust|via=The international Credit Rating Agency|access-date=2 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202171034/http://www.icra.in/Files/Reports/Rationale/Mailam%20Subramaniya%20Swamy_r_19032013.pdf|archive-date=2 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kesavan, N}}<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Puducherry]]<br />
[[Category:2011 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br />
[[Category:Date of death missing]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Puducherry-politician-stub}}</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narayana_Bhandage&diff=520524Narayana Bhandage2025-08-31T06:32:44Z<p>Julipfz: put up info!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]<br />
| term_start = 3 April 2024<br />
| predecessor = [[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]]<br />
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka|Karnataka]]<br />
| office1 = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Council]]<br />
| term_start1 = 15 June 2010<br />
| term_end1 = 14 June 2016<br />
| constituency1 = ''elected by Legislative Members''<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1951|11|21|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Solapur]], [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| father = Krishnasa<ref>https://kla.kar.nic.in/council/Kan_NarayanBandege.htm</ref><br />
| spouse = Vimala<br />
| children = 2 sons, 3 daughters<br />
| source = https://kla.kar.nic.in/council/members/EXMEMBERS/NarayanaSaBhandage.htm<br />
}}<br />
'''Narayansa Krishnasa Bhandage''' is an Indian politician from [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Karnataka]] who has been a member of [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka|Rajya Sabha]] from 3 April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-02-11 |title=ರಾಜ್ಯಸಭೆಗೆ ಬಿಜೆಪಿ ಅಭ್ಯರ್ಥಿಗಳ ಘೋಷಣೆ: ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದಿಂದ ನಾರಾಯಣ ಭಾಂಡಗೆಗೆ ಟಿಕೆಟ್ |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/!state/bjp-rajya-sabha-ticket-for-narayan-bhandage-kas24021105144 |access-date= |website=ETV Bharat News |language=}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
He had earlier served as the member of [[Karnataka Legislative Council]] from 2010 to 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2010-05-29 |title=Naidu, Manjunath BJP's RS nominees |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2010/May/29/naidu-manjunath-bjps-rs-nominees-157137.html |access-date= |website=The New Indian Express |language=}}</ref> He also held various positions in the [[BJP Karnataka]] organization - Bagalkot District General Secretary, Bagalkot District President, Bijapur [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha|Yuva Morcha]] President, State BJP Secretary, State BJP Vice President.{{citation needed|date= February 2024}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhandage, Narayana}}<br />
[[Category:1951 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Karnataka Legislative Council]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lynching_of_Jagmael_Singh&diff=459202Lynching of Jagmael Singh2025-08-14T15:40:05Z<p>Julipfz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Lynching in Punjab, India}}<br />
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox civilian attack<br />
| title = Lynching of Jagmael Singh<br />
| location = [[Sangrur]], [[Punjab, India]]<br />
| date = 7 November 2019<br />
| image = Jagmael Singh lynching.jpg<br />
| caption = An image of Jagmael Singh, given by his family.<br />
| map = {{location map| India Punjab#India<br />
|width = 250<br />
|float = right<br />
|label =<br />
|marksize = 8<br />
| lat_deg = 30.2458<br />
| lon_deg = 75.8421<br />
}}<br />
| target = Jagmael Singh<br />
| type = Mob lynching<br />
| fatalities = 1 (Jagmael Singh)<br />
| perpetrators = Rinku, Goli, Bitu, Lucky Singh<br />
| accused = 4<br />
}}<br />
<br />
On 7 November 2019, 37-year old '''Jagmael Singh'''{{Efn|'''Jagmail Singh''' is also written as '''Jagmael Singh'''.|name=o9|group=nor}} was [[Lynching|lynched]] in [[Sangrur]], [[Punjab, India]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=ANI|first=|date=2019-11-17|title=Punjab: Locals protest against killing of Dalit man who was forced to drink urine|work=[[Business Standard India]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/punjab-locals-protest-against-killing-of-dalit-man-who-was-forced-to-drink-urine-119111700832_1.html|access-date=2021-01-30}}</ref> He was brutally beaten by four men and was forced to drink [[Urine|human urine]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2019-11-16|title=Punjab Dalit man who was beaten up and forced to drink urine succumbs to injuries|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/punjab-dalit-man-who-was-beaten-up-and-forced-to-drink-urine-succumbs-to-injuries/article29993928.ece|access-date=2021-01-30|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He died after 9 days of treatment in [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-16|title=9 days after torture, Dalit labourer from Punjab's Sangrur dies in Chandigarh hospital|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/9-days-after-torture-dalit-labourer-from-punjab-s-sangrur-dies-in-chandigarh-hospital/story-oO1xfTck8hO4PotMvJ6sJI.html|access-date=2021-01-30|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> He was a construction worker and one of the accused, Rinku, had quarreled with him over Jagmael sitting with them in a [[Panchayati raj|Panchayati]] of upper caste.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asia's Premier News Agency - India News, Business & Political, National & International, Bollywood, Sports {{!}} ANI News|url=https://www.aninews.in/|access-date=2021-01-30|website=www.aninews.in|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
It was said that Jagmael was taken to Rinku's house, where he was tied and brutally lynched and tortured by the four men. His death caused an outrage and many Dalit groups demanded severe punishment for the accused.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Protest in Punjab over death of Dalit labourer|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/protest-in-punjab-over-death-of-dalit-labourer/1664601|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-30|website=[[Outlook India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Events ==<br />
Jagmael Singh{{Efn||name=o9|group=nor}} was a lower caste Dalit construction worker from [[Sangrur district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Punjab: Dalit Labourer From Sangrur Dies After Being Brutally Beaten|url=https://thewire.in/rights/punjab-dalit-labourer-from-sangrur-dies-after-being-brutally-beaten|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-30|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref> He was a poor man and lived in a family of six people in the village of Changiwala with his mother, wife Manjit Kaur, two daughters and a son.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-11-17|title=Rebuilding lives; Sangrur dalit family comes to terms with death|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/rebuilding-lives-sangrur-dalit-family-comes-to-terms-with-death/story-Lnm8SjXiwKANxG9r1i42VO.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-30|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 6 November 2019, Singh went to a village panchayat of upper-caste Sikhs in [[Sangrur Assembly Constituency|Sangrur chotal]] where he had a fight with Rinku. Some time later, Rinku, along with his three friends arrived and kidnapped Singh. They took him to the Rinku's house on 7 November and tied him after which they beat him brutally and was also tortured severely by the four.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Manish Sirhindi|date=Nov 25, 2019|title=Dalit tortured to death in Punjab: Cops file chargesheet against four, submit report to DGP {{!}} Ludhiana News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/dalit-tortured-to-death-in-punjab-cops-file-chargesheet-against-four-submit-report-to-dgp/articleshow/72229693.cms|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-30|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref> He was also forced to drink their [[urine]], after that they pulled his thigh skin with pliers causing infection.<ref>[http://www.uniindia.com/news/north/administration-punjab-dalit/1794835.html 1]</ref> Later the four went from there and left him to die.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=The untold brutality on Jagmail Singh|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/the-untold-brutality-on-jagmail-singh-4294|access-date=2021-01-30|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> On the same date his friends and relatives searched and found him in very bad state and immediately took him to [[PGI Chandigarh]] where he was treated for 9 days, but to the infection in his thighs (due to pulling of his skin by pliers) he didn't survive.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=Punjab: Dalit man who was beaten and forced to drink urine in Sangrur district dies|url=https://scroll.in/latest/943920/punjab-dalit-man-who-was-beaten-and-forced-to-drink-urine-in-sangrur-district-dies|access-date=2021-01-30|website=Scroll.in|date=16 November 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Response ==<br />
The family of Jagmael demanded a strong enquiry to investigate the case and also stated that the all four accused moved freely and instead they were investigated by the police officials.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Week after Dalit's killing, cops file chargesheet against four|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/week-after-dalits-killing-cops-file-chargesheet-against-four-866081|access-date=2021-01-30|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> But when the matter came into the media, the police started operating and investigating the case and a complaint was registered against the four on the account of [[Indian Penal Code|IPC]] - 302 ([[Murder]]) and [[Indian Penal Code|IPC]] - 353 ([[SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act|SC/ST Act]]).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Manish Sirhindi|date=Nov 25, 2019|title=Dalit tortured to death in Punjab: Cops file chargesheet against four, submit report to DGP {{!}} Ludhiana News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/dalit-tortured-to-death-in-punjab-cops-file-chargesheet-against-four-submit-report-to-dgp/articleshow/72229693.cms|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-30|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref> The government gave the family a compensation amount of {{INRConvert|5000000||lk=|year=2019}} and a government job to one family member.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Protest in Punjab over death of Dalit labourer|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/protest-in-punjab-over-death-of-dalit-labourer/1664601|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-30|website=[[Outlook India]]}}</ref> The family members also demanded the [[Capital punishment]] for the accused.{{Efn|The family of Jaegmal Singh demanded a [[Capital punishment]] for the murder accused.|name=|group=nor}}<br />
<br />
There were also a series of protests by the family members of the victim and many Dalit organizations regarding the matter and the [[Director general of police|DGP]] of [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] also assured the family members to investigate the case as their priority.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rebuilding lives; Sangrur dalit family comes to terms with death|url=https://sarifm.org/rebuilding-lives-sangrur-dalit-family-comes-to-terms-with-death/|access-date=2021-01-30|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2019-11-18|title=Protests erupt against killing of Dalit man in Punjab|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/protests-against-killing-of-dalit-man/article30000492.ece|access-date=2021-01-30|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<references group="lower-alpha" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category|Lynching of Jagmael Singh}}<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_MSe6RZLtM Talk of Punjab's Dalit man torture] by [[The Lallantop]].<br />
{{Portal bar|Crime|Society|Punjab|India}}{{Authority control}}<br />
{{Lynching in India}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Jagmael}}<br />
[[Category:2019 murders in India]]<br />
[[Category:Kidnapping in India]]<br />
[[Category:Kidnapping in the 2010s]]<br />
[[Category:November 2019 crimes in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:November 2019 in India]]<br />
[[Category:2019 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Lynching deaths in India]]<br />
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in India]]<br />
[[Category:Sangrur district]]<br />
[[Category:Murder in India]]<br />
[[Category:Caste-related violence in India]]<br />
[[Category:Dalit history]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths by beating]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths by person in India]]<br />
[[Category:People murdered in Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Sangrur]]<br />
[[Category:Violence against men in India]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2013_Royal_Challengers_Bangalore_season&diff=4824242013 Royal Challengers Bangalore season2025-06-25T13:49:08Z<p>Julipfz: Stub!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox cricket club season<br />
| club =[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]<br />
| season =2013<br />
| image =<br />
| coach = [[Ray Jennings]]<br />
| captain = [[Virat Kohli]]<br />
| ground = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]<br />
| comp1 = [[2013 Indian Premier League|League stage]]<br />
| comp1 result = 5th<br />
| most runs = [[Chris Gayle]] (708)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=7720;type=tournament|title=Indian Premier League, 2013/ Records / Most runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref><br />
| most wickets =[[Vinay Kumar]] (23)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=7720;type=tournament|title=Indian Premier League, 2013/ Records / Most runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=20 June 2015}}</ref><br />
| prevseason = [[2012 Royal Challengers Bangalore season|2012]]<br />
| nextseason = [[2014 Royal Challengers Bangalore season|2014]]}}<br />
<br />
[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] is a franchise cricket team based in [[Bangalore]], India, which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]]. They were one of the nine teams that competed in the [[2013 Indian Premier League]]. They were captained by [[Virat Kohli]]. Royal Challengers Bangalore finished fifth in the IPL and did not qualify for the Champions League T20.<br />
<br />
== Squad ==<br />
* Players with international caps before the 2013 IPL season are listed in '''bold'''.<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
|-<br />
! No.<br />
! Name<br />
! Nationality<br />
! Birth date<br />
! Batting Style<br />
! Bowling Style<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Batsmen<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|03|| '''[[Cheteshwar Pujara]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1988|1|25|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|15|| [[Karun Nair]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1991|12|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|18|| '''[[Virat Kohli]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1988|11|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]<br />
|-<br />
|23|| '''[[Tillakaratne Dilshan]]''' || {{cr|SRI}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1976|10|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || Overseas<br />
|- <br />
|32|| '''[[Saurabh Tiwary]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1989|12|30|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|64|| [[Sunny Sohal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1987|11|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|90|| '''[[Abhinav Mukund]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1990|1|6|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|99|| [[Mayank Agarwal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1991|2|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || – ||<br />
|-<br />
|175|| '''[[Chris Gayle]]''' || {{cr|JAM}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1979|9|21|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || Overseas<br />
|-<br />
|–|| [[Vijay Zol]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1994|11|23|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| All-rounders<br />
|-<br />
|04|| '''[[Andrew McDonald (cricketer)|Andrew McDonald]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1981|6|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || Overseas<br />
|-<br />
|07|| '''[[Moisés Henriques]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1987|02|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || Overseas<br />
|-<br />
|11|| '''[[Daniel Vettori]]''' || {{cr|NZL}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1979|1|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left arm orthodox]] || Overseas<br />
|-<br />
|45|| '''[[Daniel Christian]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1983|05|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || Overseas<br />
|-<br />
|–||''' [[Christopher Barnwell]]''' || {{cr|Guyana}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1987|01|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || Overseas<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Wicket-keepers<br />
|-<br />
|02|| [[KL Rahul]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1992|4|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || - ||<br />
|-<br />
|17|| '''[[AB de Villiers]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1984|2|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || Overseas<br />
|-<br />
|21|| [[Arun Karthik]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1986|2|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|–|| [[Sheldon Jackson (cricketer)|Sheldon Jackson]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1986|9|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || - ||<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Bowlers<br />
|-<br />
|01|| [[Harshal Patel]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1990|11|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|03|| [[KP Appanna]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1988|12|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left arm orthodox]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|05|| '''[[Vinay Kumar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1984|2|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|08|| [[Syed Mohammed]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1983|6|3|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left arm orthodox]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|09|| '''[[R. P. Singh]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1985|12|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|14|| '''[[Ravi Rampaul]]''' || {{cr|TTO}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1984|10|15|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || Overseas<br />
|-<br />
|20|| [[Prasanth Parameswaran]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1985|5|30|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|25|| '''[[Abhimanyu Mithun]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1989|10|25|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|34|| '''[[Zaheer Khan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1978|10|7|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|77|| '''[[Jaydev Unadkat]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1991|10|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || <br />
|-<br />
|79|| [[Sreenath Aravind]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1984|4|8|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || Unavailable for the entire season<br />
|-<br />
|222|| '''[[Murali Kartik]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1976|9|11|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left arm orthodox]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|800|| '''[[Muttiah Muralitharan]]''' || {{cr|SRI}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1972|4|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || Overseas <br />
|-<br />
|–|| [[Sandeep Warrier]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1991|4|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || <br />
|-<br />
|–|| '''[[Pankaj Singh (cricketer)|Pankaj Singh]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1985|5|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Standings==<br />
Royal Challengers Bangalore finished fifth in the league stage of IPL 2013.<br />
{{:2013 Indian Premier League|team=RCB}}<br />
<br />
==Results==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!No.<br />
!Date<br />
!Opponent<br />
!Venue<br />
!Result<br />
!Scorecard<br />
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"<br />
| 1 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-04-04}} || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bengaluru]] || Won by 2 runs, MoM – [[Chris Gayle]] 92* (58)|| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/597999.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#fbb;"<br />
| 2 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-04-07}} || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|Hyderabad]] || Match tied. Lost the super over by 5 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598004.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"<br />
| 3 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-04-09}} || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bengaluru]] || Won by 7 wickets, MoM – [[Virat Kohli]] 93* (47) ||[http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/current/match/598048.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"<br />
| 4 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-04-11}} || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bengaluru]] || Won by 8 wickets, MoM – [[Chris Gayle]] 85* (50)|| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598008.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#fbb;"<br />
| 5 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-04-13}} || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[MA Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] || Lost by 4 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/current/match/598012.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"<br />
| 6 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-04-16}} || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bengaluru]] || Match tied. Won the super over by 4 runs, MoM – [[Virat Kohli]] 65 (50) ||[http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598017.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"<br />
| 7 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-04-20}} || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bengaluru]] || Won by 7 wickets, MoM – [[Vinay Kumar]] 3/18 (4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/current/match/598023.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"<br />
| 8 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-04-23}} || [[Pune Warriors India]] || [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bengaluru]] || Won by 130 runs, MoM – [[Chris Gayle]] 175* (66) and 2/5 (1 over) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598027.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#fbb;"<br />
| 9 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-04-27}} || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]] || Lost by 58 Runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598033.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#fbb;"<br />
| 10 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-04-29}} || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium|Jaipur]] || Lost by 4 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598036.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"<br />
| 11 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-05-02}} || [[Pune Warriors India]] || [[Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium|Pune]] || Won by 17 runs, MoM – [[AB de Villiers]] 50* (23)|| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/current/match/598042.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#fbb;" <br />
| 12 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-05-06}} || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[PCA Stadium|Mohali]] || Lost by 6 wickets|| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598064.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;" <br />
| 13 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-05-10}} || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|New Delhi]] || Won by 4 runs, MoM – [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 5/25 (4 overs)|| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598054.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#fbb;"<br />
| 14 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-05-12}} || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[JSCA International Cricket Stadium|Ranchi]] || Lost by 5 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598057.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#fbb;"<br />
| 15 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-05-14}} || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bengaluru]] || Lost by 7 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598045.html Scorecard]<br />
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"<br />
| 16 || {{dts|format=dmy|2013-05-18}} || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bengaluru]] || Won by 24 runs, MoM – [[Virat Kohli]] 56* (29) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598068.html Scorecard]<br />
|- <br />
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Overall record: 9–7. Failed to advance.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Royal Challengers Bangalore}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2013 Indian Premier League]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Challengers Bengaluru seasons]]<br />
[[Category:2010s in Bengaluru]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2013_Kabaddi_World_Cup_(circle_style)&diff=4824162013 Kabaddi World Cup (circle style)2025-03-10T09:24:18Z<p>Julipfz: New!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|International kabaddi tournament in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox sport tournament<br />
| name = 2013 Kabaddi World Cup <br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| start_date = 1 December<br />
| end_date = 14 December<br />
| administrator = [[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]]<br />
| format = Circle style<br />
| tournament_format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] and [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]<br />
| host = India<br />
| venues = [[2013 Kabaddi World Cup#Venues|13]]<br />
| participants = 11<br />
| champions = '''M:''' {{Kabaddi|IND}} (4th title) <br>'''W:''' {{WKabaddi|IND}} (1st title)<br />
| runners-up1 = '''M:''' {{Kabaddi|PAK}}<br>'''W:''' {{NZL}}<br />
| runners-up2 = '''M:''' {{USA}}<br>'''W:''' {{DEN}}<br />
| matches = <br />
| stat1_label = Best Raider<br />
| stat1 = {{flagicon|IND}} Balvir Singh Dulla <br />
| stat2_label = Best Stopper<br />
| stat2 = {{flagicon|IND}} Balbir Singh Pala <br />
| website = {{URL|http://www.watchkabaddi.com}}<br />
| previous = [[2012 Kabaddi World Cup (circle style)|2012]] (previous)<br />
| next = (next) [[2014 Kabaddi World Cup (circle style)|2014]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''2013 World Kabaddi Cup''' was the fourth edition of the circle style World Kabaddi Cup, held from 1 to 14 December 2013 with the Opening Ceremony on 30 November 2013 at [[Bathinda]]. The tournament took place in [[Punjab, India]].<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
<br />
The tournament was organized by the [[Government of Punjab, India]]. The dates of the tournament were first announced publicly on 12 July 2013. Approving of the 20 crore budget for the 4th World Cup Kabaddi, the opening and closing ceremonies were telecast live throughout the country, with international broadcasting in Canada, the United States, India and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.watchkabaddi.com/2013/10/4th-kabaddi-world-cup-2013-match.html|title=Match Schedule: 4th 2013 Kabaddi World Cup|accessdate=30 November 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://www.yespunjab.com/punjab/punjab-sports/item/35308-world-cup-kabaddi-2013-india-beats-america-spain-trounces-kenya-indian-women-beat-new-zealand World Cup Kabaddi 2013 – India beats America, Spain Trounces Kenya; Indian women beat New Zealand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203094253/http://yespunjab.com/punjab/punjab-sports/item/35308-world-cup-kabaddi-2013-india-beats-america-spain-trounces-kenya-indian-women-beat-new-zealand |date=2013-12-03 }} - [http://www.yespunjab.com/ YesPunjab]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/fourth-kabaddi-world-cup-from-november-923/406115-5-23.html |title=Fourth Kabaddi World Cup from November 9–23 |website=ibnlive.in.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207232836/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/fourth-kabaddi-world-cup-from-november-923/406115-5-23.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/Fourth-edition-of-Kabaddi-World-Cup-in-November/SP-Article1-1069800.aspx |title = Fourth edition of Kabaddi World Cup in November - Hindustan Times |access-date=2013-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012011000/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/Fourth-edition-of-Kabaddi-World-Cup-in-November/SP-Article1-1069800.aspx |archive-date=2013-10-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Participating nations==<br />
The 14-day-long event had 11 participating nations in the men's tournament, with 8 participating nations in the women's tournament.<ref name="kab">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-12/others/33788226_1_kabaddi-world-cup-turkmenistan|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104021409/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-12/others/33788226_1_kabaddi-world-cup-turkmenistan|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 January 2013|title=14 countries to participate in Kabaddi World Cup|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 September 2012|accessdate=20 September 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Men's tournament ===<br />
* {{ARG}}<br />
* {{CAN}}<br />
* {{ENG}}<br />
* {{IND}}<br />
* {{IRN}}<sup>DNP</sup><br />
* {{KEN}}<br />
* {{PAK}}<br />
* {{SCO}}<br />
* {{SLE}}<br />
* {{ESP}}<br />
* {{USA}}<br />
* {{DEN}}<br />
<small><sup>DNP</sup> Did not play.</small><br />
<br />
=== Women's tournament ===<br />
* {{DEN}}<br />
* {{ENG}}<br />
* {{IND}}<br />
* {{KEN}}<br />
* {{MEX}}<br />
* {{NZL}}<br />
* {{PAK}}<br />
* {{USA}}<br />
<br />
==Venues==<br />
The games played at the following venues.<br />
* Guru Nanak Stadium, [[Amritsar]]<br />
* Multi-Purpose Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]]<br />
* Sports Stadium, [[Jalalabad, Fazilka]]<br />
* Government College Stadium, [[Gurdaspur]]<br />
* Lajwanti Stadium, [[Hoshiarpur]]<br />
* [[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]<br />
* [[Guru Nanak Stadium]], [[Ludhiana]]<br />
* N.M. Government College Stadium, [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]<br />
* Yadvindra Public School Stadium, [[Patiala]]<br />
* Nehru Stadium, [[Rupnagar]]<br />
* War Heroes Stadium, [[Sangrur]]<br />
* Sen. Sec. School Stadium, Doda, [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]]<br />
* Guru Arjun Dev Sports Stadium, [[Chohla Sahib]], [[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran]]<br />
<br />
==Opening ceremony==<br />
Opening Ceremony was held at [[Bathinda]]. Many Celebrities Of [[Cinema of Punjab]] and [[Bollywood]] Performed at this mega event. Those who performed were actress [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Gippy Grewal]], [[Sharry Mann]] and [[Miss Pooja]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}<br />
<br />
==Closing ceremony==<br />
Closing Ceremony was held at [[Ludhiana]]. [[Chief Minister]] of [[Punjab, Pakistan]] Mian [[Shahbaz Sharif]] was the chief guest for the ceremony. Many Indian and Pakistani Celebrities Of [[Cinema of Punjab]] and [[Bollywood]] performed at this mega event like actor [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Fariha Pervez]], Bir Khalsa [[Gatka]] Group, [[Master Saleem]], [[Prince Dance Group]], [[Lakhwinder Wadali]], [[Roshan Prince]], [[Jaspinder Narula]]. There was interruption in [[Jaspinder Narula]]'s Performance by young supporter of Bhai [[Gurbaksh Singh Khalsa]] who is on [[Hunger strike]] for release of Sikh Prisoners who have completed their full terms in jail and not even released yet.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}<br />
<br />
==Schedule (Men’s)==<br />
Note: All matches' timings are according to [[Indian Standard Time]] (UTC +5:30).<br />
<br />
===Group stage===<br />
<br />
====Pool A====<br />
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
!width=175|Team<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pld|Matches Played}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Won}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SF|Scores For}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SA|Scores Against}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SD|Score Difference}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pts|Points}}<br />
|- style="background:#ccffcc"<br />
|align=left|{{IND}}<br />
|4||4||0||0||233||122||111||'''8'''<br />
|- style="background:#ccffcc"<br />
|align=left|{{USA}}<br />
|4||3||0||1||209||137||72||'''6'''<br />
|- style="background:white"<br />
|align=left|{{ESP}}<br />
|4||2||0||2||140||162||-22||'''4'''<br />
|- style="background:white"<br />
|align=left|{{KEN}}<br />
|4||1||0||3||132||214||-82||'''2'''<br />
|- style="background:white;"<br />
|align=left|{{ARG}}<br />
|4||0||0||4||132||211||-79||'''0'''<br />
|- style="background:white;"<br />
|align=left|{{IRN}}<br />
|{{color|gray|0}}||{{color|gray|0}}||{{color|gray|0}}||{{color|gray|0}}||{{color|gray|0}}||{{color|gray|0}}||{{color|gray|0}}||'''{{color|gray|0}}'''<br />
|}<br />
:{{Color box|#ccffcc|border=darkgray}} Qualified for semifinals<br />
<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=1 December 2013<br />
|time=17:45<br />
|team1={{KEN}}<br />
|score= 32 - 40<br />
|team2={{ESP}}<br />
|stadium=Yadvindra Public School Stadium, [[Patiala]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=1 December 2013<br />
|time=20:10<br />
|team1={{IND}}<br />
|score= 59 - 31<br />
|team2={{USA}}<br />
|stadium=Yadvindra Public School Stadium, [[Patiala]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=3 December 2013<br />
|time=12:45<br />
|team1={{KEN}}<br />
|score= 13 - 68<br />
|team2={{USA}}<br />
|stadium=Lajwanti Stadium, [[Hoshiarpur]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=3 December 2013<br />
|time=15:10<br />
|team1={{IND}}<br />
|score= 55 - 27<br />
|team2={{ESP}}<br />
|stadium=Lajwanti Stadium, [[Hoshiarpur]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=5 December 2013<br />
|time=12:25<br />
|team1={{ARG}}<br />
|score= 24 - 47<br />
|team2={{ESP}}<br />
|stadium=Sen. Sec. School Stadium, Doda, [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=5 December 2013<br />
|time=16:00<br />
|team1={{IND}}<br />
|score= 69 - 32<br />
|team2={{KEN}}<br />
|stadium=Sen. Sec. School Stadium, Doda, [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=6 December 2013<br />
|time=17:15<br />
|team1={{ARG}}<br />
|score= 37 - 55<br />
|team2={{KEN}}<br />
|stadium=Guru Nanak Stadium, [[Amritsar]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=7 December 2013<br />
|time=12:15<br />
|team1={{ESP}}<br />
|score= 26 - 51<br />
|team2={{USA}}<br />
|stadium=Sports Stadium, [[Jalalabad, Fazilka]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=7 December 2013<br />
|time=15:45<br />
|team1={{IND}}<br />
|score= 50 - 32<br />
|team2={{ARG}}<br />
|stadium=Sports Stadium, [[Jalalabad, Fazilka]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=10 December 2013<br />
|time=13:35<br />
|team1={{ARG}}<br />
|score= 39 - 59<br />
|team2={{USA}}<br />
|stadium=N.M. Government College Stadium, [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
<br />
====Pool B====<br />
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
!width=200|Team<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pld|Matches Played}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Won}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SF|Scores For}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SA|Scores Against}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SD|Score Difference}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pts|Points}}<br />
|- style="background:#ccffcc"<br />
|align=left|{{PAK}}<br />
|5||5||0||0||340||118||222||'''10'''<br />
|- style="background:#ccffcc"<br />
|align=left|{{ENG}}<br />
|5||4||0||1||238||196||42||'''8'''<br />
|- style="background:white;"<br />
|align=left|{{CAN}}<br />
|5||3||0||2||284||169||115||'''6'''<br />
|- style="background:white"<br />
|align=left|{{SLE}}<br />
|5||2||0||3||205||222||-17||'''4'''<br />
|- style="background:white;"<br />
|align=left|{{DEN}}<br />
|5||1||0||4||143||336||-193||'''2'''<br />
|- style="background:white"<br />
|align=left|{{SCO}}<br />
|5||0||0||5||146||315||-169||'''0'''<br />
|}<br />
:{{Color box|#ccffcc|border=darkgray}} Qualified for semifinals<br />
<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=2 December 2013<br />
|time=12:45<br />
|team1={{ENG}}<br />
|score= 41 - 33<br />
|team2={{SLE}}<br />
|stadium=Guru Arjun Dev Sports Stadium, Chohla Sahib, [[Tarn Taran Sahib|Tarn Taran]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=2 December 2013<br />
|time=14:20<br />
|team1={{CAN}}<br />
|score= 89 - 9<br />
|team2={{DEN}}<br />
|stadium=Guru Arjun Dev Sports Stadium, Chohla Sahib, [[Tarn Taran Sahib|Tarn Taran]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=2 December 2013<br />
|time=16:30<br />
|team1={{PAK}}<br />
|score= 63 - 26<br />
|team2={{SCO}}<br />
|stadium=Guru Arjun Dev Sports Stadium, Chohla Sahib, [[Tarn Taran Sahib|Tarn Taran]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=4 December 2013<br />
|time=19:28<br />
|team1={{SCO}}<br />
|score= 25 - 58<br />
|team2={{SLE}}<br />
|stadium=Government College Stadium, [[Gurdaspur]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=4 December 2013<br />
|time=21:50<br />
|team1={{DEN}}<br />
|score= 22 - 77<br />
|team2={{PAK}}<br />
|stadium=Government College Stadium, [[Gurdaspur]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=5 December 2013<br />
|time=13:40<br />
|team1={{DEN}}<br />
|score= 28 - 59<br />
|team2={{ENG}}<br />
|stadium=Sen. Sec School Stadium, Doda, [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=6 December 2013<br />
|time=18:30<br />
|team1={{CAN}}<br />
|score= 72 - 21<br />
|team2={{SCO}}<br />
|stadium=Guru Nanak Stadium, [[Amritsar]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=6 December 2013<br />
|time=20:49<br />
|team1={{PAK}}<br />
|score= 70 - 13<br />
|team2={{SLE}} <br />
|stadium=Guru Nanak Stadium, [[Amritsar]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=8 December 2013<br />
|time=12:08<br />
|team1={{DEN}}<br />
|score= 28 - 67<br />
|team2={{SLE}}<br />
|stadium=Nehru Stadium, [[Rupnagar]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=8 December 2013<br />
|time=13:19<br />
|team1={{ENG}}<br />
|score= 66 - 30<br />
|team2={{SCO}}<br />
|stadium=Nehru Stadium, [[Rupnagar]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=8 December 2013<br />
|time=15:43<br />
|team1={{CAN}}<br />
|score= 29 - 61<br />
|team2={{PAK}}<br />
|stadium=Nehru Stadium, [[Rupnagar]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=9 December 2013<br />
|time=12:20<br />
|team1={{SLE}}<br />
|score= 34 - 58<br />
|team2={{CAN}}<br />
|stadium=War Heroes Stadium, [[Sangrur]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=9 December 2013<br />
|time=15:40<br />
|team1={{PAK}}<br />
|score= 69 - 28<br />
|team2={{ENG}}<br />
|stadium=War Heroes Stadium, [[Sangrur]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=10 December 2013<br />
|time=12:15<br />
|team1={{DEN}}<br />
|score= 56 - 44<br />
|team2={{SCO}}<br />
|stadium=N.M. Government College Stadium, [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=10 December 2013<br />
|time=16:30<br />
|team1={{CAN}}<br />
|score= 36 - 44<br />
|team2={{ENG}}<br />
|stadium=N.M. Government College Stadium, [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
<br />
===Knockout stage===<br />
{{Round4-with third<br />
<!-- Date-Venue|Team 1|Score 1|Team 2|Score 2 --><br />
<!-- semi-finals --><br />
|11 December – Multi Purpose Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]]|'''{{IND}}'''|62|{{ENG}}|32<br />
|11 December – Multi Purpose Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]]|'''{{PAK}}'''|51|{{USA}}|33<br />
<!-- final --><br />
|14 December – [[Guru Nanak Stadium]], [[Ludhiana]]|'''{{IND}}'''|48|{{PAK}}|39<br />
<!-- third place --><br />
|12 December – [[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]] [[Jalandhar]]|{{ENG}}|27|'''{{USA}}'''|62<br />
}}<br />
<br />
====Semi-finals====<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=11 December 2013<br />
|time=19:44<br />
|team1={{PAK}}<br />
|score= 51 - 33<br />
|team2={{USA}}<br />
|stadium=Multi Purpose Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=11 December 2013<br />
|time=21:14<br />
|team1={{IND}}<br />
|score= 62 - 32<br />
|team2={{ENG}}<br />
|stadium=Multi Purpose Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
====Third place====<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=12 December 2013<br />
|time=18:30<br />
|team1={{ENG}}<br />
|score= 27 - 62<br />
|team2={{USA}}<br />
|stadium=[[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Final match===<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=14 December 2013<br />
|time=22:10<br />
|team1={{IND}}<br />
|score= 48 - 39<br />
|team2={{PAK}}<br />
|stadium=[[Guru Nanak Stadium]], [[Ludhiana]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Schedule (Women’s)==<br />
<br />
Note: All matches' timings are according to [[Indian Standard Time]] (UTC +5:30).<br />
<br />
===Group stage===<br />
<br />
====Pool A====<br />
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
!width=175|Team<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pld|Matches Played}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Won}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SF|Scores For}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SA|Scores Against}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SD|Score Difference}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pts|Points}}<br />
|- style="background:#ccffcc"<br />
|align=left|{{IND}}<br />
|3||3||0||0||159||48||111||'''6'''<br />
|- style="background:#ccffcc"<br />
|align=left|{{NZL}}<br />
|3||2||0||1||116||88||28||'''4'''<br />
|- style="background:white;"<br />
|align=left|{{USA}}<br />
|3||1||0||2||90||146||-56||'''2'''<br />
|- style="background:white;"<br />
|align=left|{{KEN}}<br />
|3||0||0||3||76||159||-83||'''0'''<br />
|}<br />
:{{Color box|#ccffcc|border=darkgray}} Qualified for semifinals<br />
<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=1 December 2013<br />
|time=19:00<br />
|team1={{IND}}<br />
|score= 44 - 12<br />
|team2={{NZL}}<br />
|stadium=Yadvindra Public School Stadium, [[Patiala]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=3 December 2013<br />
|time=13:58<br />
|team1={{IND}}<br />
|score= 56 - 21<br />
|team2={{KEN}}<br />
|stadium=Lajwanti Stadium, [[Hoshiarpur]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=5 December 2013<br />
|time=14:50<br />
|team1={{KEN}}<br />
|score= 21 - 51<br />
|team2={{NZL}}<br />
|stadium=Sen. Sec. School Stadium, Doda, [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=7 December 2013<br />
|time=13:20<br />
|team1={{IND}}<br />
|score= 59 - 15<br />
|team2={{USA}}<br />
|stadium=Sports Stadium, [[Jalalabad, Fazilka]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=8 December 2013<br />
|time=14:30<br />
|team1={{KEN}}<br />
|score= 34 - 52<br />
|team2={{USA}}<br />
|stadium=Nehru Stadium, [[Rupnagar]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=9 December 2013<br />
|time=14:35<br />
|team1={{NZL}}<br />
|score= 53 - 23<br />
|team2={{USA}}<br />
|stadium=War Heroes Stadium, [[Sangrur]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
<br />
====Pool B====<br />
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
!width=175|Team<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pld|Matches Played}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Won}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SF|Scores For}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SA|Scores Against}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SD|Score Difference}}<br />
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pts|Points}}<br />
|- style="background:#ccffcc"<br />
|align=left|{{DEN}}<br />
|3||3||0||0||120||94||26||'''6'''<br />
|- style="background:#ccffcc"<br />
|align=left|{{PAK}}<br />
|3||2||0||1||129||99||30||'''4'''<br />
|- style="background:white;"<br />
|align=left|{{ENG}}<br />
|3||1||0||2||105||103||2||'''2'''<br />
|- style="background:white;"<br />
|align=left|{{MEX}}<br />
|3||0||0||3||78||136||-58||'''0'''<br />
|}<br />
:{{Color box|#ccffcc|border=darkgray}} Qualified for semifinals<br />
<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=2 December 2013<br />
|time=15:25<br />
|team1={{DEN}}<br />
|score= 45 - 39<br />
|team2={{PAK}}<br />
|stadium=Guru Arjun Dev Sports Stadium, Chohla Sahib, [[Tarn Taran Sahib|Tarn Taran]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=4 December 2013<br />
|time=20:45<br />
|team1={{ENG}}<br />
|score= 45 - 29<br />
|team2={{MEX}}<br />
|stadium=Government College Stadium, [[Gurdaspur]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=6 December 2013<br />
|time=19:45<br />
|team1={{DEN}}<br />
|score= 42 - 25<br />
|team2={{MEX}}<br />
|stadium=Guru Nanak Stadium, [[Amritsar]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=7 December 2013<br />
|time=14:20<br />
|team1={{ENG}}<br />
|score= 30 - 41<br />
|team2={{PAK}}<br />
|stadium=Sports Stadium, [[Jalalabad, Fazilka]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=9 December 2013<br />
|time=13:30<br />
|team1={{DEN}}<br />
|score= 33 - 30<br />
|team2={{ENG}}<br />
|stadium=War Heroes Stadium, [[Sangrur]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=10 December 2013<br />
|time=15:10<br />
|team1={{MEX}}<br />
|score= 24 - 49<br />
|team2={{PAK}}<br />
|stadium=N.M. Government College Stadium, [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
<br />
===Knockout stage===<br />
{{Round4-with third<br />
<!-- Date-Venue|Team 1|Score 1|Team 2|Score 2 --><br />
<!-- semi-finals --><br />
|11 December – Multi Purpose Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]]|'''{{IND}}'''|46|{{PAK}}|16<br />
|11 December – Multi Purpose Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]]|{{DEN}}|25|'''{{NZL}}'''|45<br />
<!-- final --><br />
|12 December – [[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]] [[Jalandhar]]|'''{{IND}}'''|49|{{NZL}}|21<br />
<!-- third place --><br />
|12 December – [[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]] [[Jalandhar]]|'''{{DEN}}'''|34|{{PAK}}|33<br />
}}<br />
<br />
====Semi-finals====<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=11 December 2013<br />
|time=17:15<br />
|team1={{DEN}}<br />
|score= 25 - 45<br />
|team2={{NZL}}<br />
|stadium=Multi Purpose Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=11 December 2013<br />
|time=18:38<br />
|team1={{IND}}<br />
|score= 46 - 16<br />
|team2={{PAK}}<br />
|stadium=Multi Purpose Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
====Third place====<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=12 December 2013<br />
|time=17:20<br />
|team1={{DEN}}<br />
|score= 34 - 33<br />
|team2={{PAK}}<br />
|stadium=[[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
====Final match====<br />
{{kabaddibox<br />
|date=12 December 2013<br />
|time=20:00<br />
|team1={{IND}}<br />
|score= 49 - 21<br />
|team2={{NZL}}<br />
|stadium=[[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Doping==<br />
Issuing strict instructions for ensuring dope free tournament, he said that every participant player would have to undergo dope test as prescribed by NADA and sanctioned Rs 100 crore budget for it.<br />
<br />
==Song==<br />
On 14 November 2013, prominent actor/director [[Harpreet Sandhu (Actor)]] release a song based on Kabaddi world cup called 2013 <br />
World Cup sung by Dilbag Brar and produced by ArtGauge Films Inc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHQAhKjeY6E|title = - YouTube|website = [[YouTube]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Broadcasting ==<br />
;Television<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Countries !! Broadcaster<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagcountry|IND}}<br />
||[[PTC Punjabi]] (Opening & Closing ceremonies)<br />[[PTC News]]<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagcountry|CAN}}<br />{{flagcountry|USA}}<br />{{flagcountry|UK}}<br />{{flagcountry|EU}}<br />{{flagcountry|AUS}}<br />{{flagcountry|NZ}}<br />
||[[PTC Punjabi]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Kabaddi (navbox)}}<br />
{{World championships in kabaddi}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kabaddi World Cup (circle style)]]<br />
[[Category:International kabaddi competitions in India]]<br />
[[Category:2013 in Indian sport]]</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sardarsinh_Chaudhary&diff=533191Sardarsinh Chaudhary2025-01-23T13:48:37Z<p>Julipfz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br />
<br />
'''Sardarsinh Shamalbhai Chaudhary''' (born 1964)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sardarbhai(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KHERALU(MAHESANA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=5957 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP Names 3 More Candidates For Gujarat Assembly Election, 181 So Far |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarat-polls-bjp-names-3-more-candidates-for-gujarat-assembly-election-181-so-far-3526458 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from Kheralu Assembly constituency in [[Mehsana district]]. He won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Shivangani |date=2022-12-08 |title=Kheralu Election Result 2022 Live Updates: BJP Wins in This Gujarat Seat |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/kheralu-election-result-2022-live-news-updates-bjp-aap-congress-gujarat-counting-of-votes-today#read-more |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-09 |title=Gujarat Election Results 2022: Full list of winners & constituencies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-election-results-2022-full-list-of-winners-constituencies/articleshow/96105904.cms |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Chaudhary is from [[Kheralu]], Mehsana, Gujarat. He is the son of Shamalbhai Chaudhary. He completed his B.E. in civil in 1987 at [[Sardar Patel University]], [[Vallabh Vidyanagar|Vallabh Vidhyanagar]]. Earlier, he passed HSC examinations in 1983 and SSC exams in 1981.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Chaudhary won from [[Kheralu Assembly constituency]] representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. He polled 55,460 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Mukeshbhai M. Desai of the [[Indian National Congress]] by a margin of 3,964 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=Gujarat election result 2022: Full list of winning candidates of BJP, Congress - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/gujarat-election-result-2022-full-list-of-winning-candidates-from-bjp-congress-aap-15361691.htm |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2022 |title=General election to Vidhan Sabha trends and results December 2022 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0620.htm?ac=20 |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2022 |title=Gujarat election results 2022: Full list of BJP winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/gujarat-election-results-2022-bjp-winners-list-ghatlodia-morbi-rajkot-west-gandhinagar-north-ahmedabad-porbandar-kutiyana-anand-chhota-udaipur-bharuch-godhra-bhupendra-patel-hardik-patel-101670467963305.html |access-date=15 January 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhary, Sardarsinh}}<br />
[[Category:1964 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]<br />
[[Category:People from Mehsana district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Gujarat-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhoja_II_of_Malwa&diff=491229Bhoja II of Malwa2024-08-25T11:04:03Z<p>Julipfz: Started!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Bhoja II<br />
| succession = King of [[Malwa]]<br />
| reign = late 13th century<br />
| predecessor = [[Arjunavarman II]]<br />
| successor = [[Mahalakadeva]]<br />
| regnal name = Bhoja<br />
| father = Possibly [[Jayavarman II (Paramara dynasty)|Jayavarman II]]<br />
| religion = [[Hinduism]]<br />
| reg-type1 = [[Pradhan]]<br />
| regent1 = Goga deva<br />
| dynasty = [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Bhoja II''' was a 13th-century king of the [[Paramara dynasty]] in central India. He succeeded [[Arjunavarman II|Arjuna II]] as the king of [[Dhar]]a in [[Malwa]] region.<br />
<br />
According to ''[[Hammira Mahakavya]]'', written by the Jain poet Nayachandra Suri, the [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura|Chahmana]] ruler [[Hammiradeva|Hammira]] defeated Arjuna of Sarasapura and Bhoja of Dhara. Based on this, [[R. C. Majumdar]] concluded that Hammira must have invaded Malwa twice: once during the reign of Arjuna II, and again, during the reign of Bhoja II.{{sfn|Majumdar|1966|pp=85-86}} Because Hammira ascended the Chauhan throne during 1282–83, Bhoja must have ascended the Paramara throne sometime after 1283 CE.{{sfn|Sastri|1970|p=828}}<br />
<br />
Pratipal Bhatia, on the other hand, speculates that Arjuna II's minister Goga-deva rebelled against him, and put Bhoja II on the throne of Dhara as a titular king. The 16th-century historian [[Firishta]] describes Goga as the "Raja of Malwa". According to Bhatia's theory, Goga-deva became the ''de facto'' independent ruler of one part of the Paramara kingdom, while Arjuna II continued to control another part.{{sfn|Bhatia|1970|p=160}}<br />
<br />
Bhoja II was succeeded by [[Mahlakadeva]].{{sfn|Majumdar|1966|pp=853}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
=== Bibliography ===<br />
<br />
* {{cite book |first=Pratipal |last=Bhatia |title=The Paramāras, c. 800-1305 A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a5gcAAAAMAAJ |year=1970 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal }}<br />
* {{cite book |first=Ramesh Chandra |last=Majumdar |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The struggle for empire |url=https://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar |year=1966 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan }}<br />
* {{cite book |first=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta |last=Sastri |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat, A.D. 1206-1526 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXxDAAAAYAAJ |year=1970 |publisher=Orient Longmans }}<br />
<br />
{{Paramara dynasty}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kings of Malwa]]<br />
[[Category:Paramara dynasty]]<br />
[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>Julipfzhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coimbatore%E2%80%93Mettupalayam_branch_line&diff=494730Coimbatore–Mettupalayam branch line2024-03-29T11:57:18Z<p>Julipfz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox rail line<br />
| box_width = 28em<br />
| name = Coimbatore–Mettupalayam branch line<br />
| color =<br />
| logo =<br />
| logo_width =<br />
| image = <br />
| image_width = <br />
| caption = <br />
| type = <br />
| system = <br />
| status = Operational<br />
| locale = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| start = {{stnlnk|Coimbatore Junction}} ('''CBE''')<br />
| end = {{stnlnk|Mettupalayam}} ('''MTP''')<br />
| stations = 6<br />
| routes = <br />
| open = 1873<br />
| close =<br />
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]<br />
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone]]<br />
| character =<br />
| depot = Coimbatore<br>Mettupalayam <br />
| stock = [[Indian locomotive class WDM-2|WDM-2]], WDM-3A, WDM-3D, WDG-3A diesel locos; and WAP-7 and [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]] electric locos.<br />
| linelength = <br />
| tracklength = Main line: {{convert|36|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}<br />
<br />
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]<br />
| minradius =<br />
| racksystem =<br />
| electrification = Yes<br />
| speed = 100 km/h<br />
| elevation = [[Coimbatore Junction railway station|Coimbatore]] {{convert|411|m|ft}}<br />
| website =<br />
| map = {{Mettupalayam–Coimbatore branch line}}<br />
| map_state = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Coimbatore–Mettupalayam branch line''' connects {{stnlnk|Coimbatore Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Mettupalayam}} in [[Tamil Nadu]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
The Coimbatore–Mettupalayam [[dual gauge]] {{Track gauge|66in|lk=on}} [[broad-gauge]], {{Track gauge|1000mm|allk=on}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-gauge.html|title = &#91;IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: Gauges in India}}</ref> line was opened to traffic in 1873. The Coimbatore–Mettupalayam section was [[Track gauge conversion|converted]] to complete broad gauge in 1907. Dual gauge was retained between Podanur (PTJ), Coimbatore_Junction (CBE) and Coimbatore_North_Junction (CBF).,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/map/1196/35/2647|title=Nilgiri SF Express (PT)/12671 Train Running Status MGR Chennai/MAS to Mettupalayam/MTP - Railway Enquiry}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-gauge.html|title = &#91;IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: Gauges in India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Electrification==<br />
<br />
The electrification of Coimbatore–Mettupalayam branch line was completed in 2015.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|title = History of Electrification| publisher= IRFCA| accessdate = 23 December 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/transportation/railways/coimbatore-mettupalayam-electric-train-service-commences/articleshow/47924462.cms Coimbatore-Mettupalayam electric train service commences]</ref><br />
<br />
==Passenger movement==<br />
<br />
Stations like [[Coimbatore Junction railway station|Coimbatore]], [[Coimbatore North Junction|Coimbatore North]], {{stnlnk|Thudiyalur}}, {{stnlnk|Periyanaickenpalayam}}, {{stnlnk|Karamadai}}, {{stnlnk|Mettupalayam}} are on this line. Suburban areas are connected by this line.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/coimbatore-main-junction-cbe/41 Trains at Coimbatore Main]<br />
<br />
{{Railways in Southern India}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Coimbatore-Mettupalayam branch line}}<br />
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Salem railway division|*]]</div>Julipfz