Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Neeraj Sharma

2026-05-03T10:03:27Z

Julimye: put up first bio w/ refs!

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1972)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
'''Neeraj Sharma''' (born 25 September 1970) is an Indian politician from [[Haryana]]. He was an MLA from [[Faridabad NIT Assembly constituency]] in [[Faridabad district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elected Representatives {{!}} District Faridabad, Government of Haryana {{!}} India |url=https://faridabad.nic.in/elected-representatives/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> He won the [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faridabad NIT Constituency Election Results 2019: Faridabad NIT Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/constituency-show/faridabad-nit |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-23 |title=Faridabad NIT (Haryana) Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Winner, Runner-up |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/faridabad-nit-haryana-assembly-election-chunav-results-2019-live-winner-name-runner-up-6073606/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sharma is from Faridabad NIT, Haryana.He was born in a Hindu Brahmin family. His father's name is Shiv Charan Sharma. He completed his graduation B.Com. at Rohtak in 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neeraj Sharma(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- FARIDABAD NIT(FARIDABAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=http://www.myneta.info/haryana2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=8330 |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sharma won from Faridabad NIT Assembly constituency representing the Indian National Congress in the 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election. He polled 61,697 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Nagender Bhadana]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 3,242 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-24 |title=Faridabad NIT Election Results 2019 Live Updates (एनआईटी): Neeraj Sharma of Congress Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/faridabad-nit-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2359547.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Nanded-north Assembly Election Results 2020 Live Updates, Nanded-north Assembly Election Latest News & Updates |url=https://news.abplive.com/haryana-election/nanded-north-assembly-election-result-2019-86.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Neeraj}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:People from Haryana]]

{{Haryana-INC-politician-stub}}

Yes Bank AT1 bond controversy

2026-05-02T04:25:51Z

Julimye: created new post w/ refs...

{{Short description|Bank-led misselling case}}
{{Infobox event
| name = Yes Bank AT1 bond controversy
| image =
| caption =
| date = March 2020 – ongoing
| location = India
| participants = [[Yes Bank]], [[Reserve Bank of India]], bondholders (including Axis Trustee Services, mutual funds, retail investors), [[Bombay High Court]], [[Supreme Court of India]], and [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]]
| outcome = Write-down of {{INRConvert|8415|c}} in AT1 bonds; Bombay High Court quashed the decision (2023, stayed by Supreme Court); ongoing litigation
}}

The '''Yes Bank AT1 bond controversy''' refers to the 2020 write-down of approximately {{INRConvert|8415|c}} worth of Additional Tier 1 (AT1) bonds issued by [[Yes Bank]], as part of a [[Reserve Bank of India]]-led reconstruction scheme following the bank's financial distress. As of 2026, the matter remains under consideration by the [[Supreme Court of India]].

== Background ==
Yes Bank, a private Indian bank, faced rising non-performing assets and governance issues in the late 2010s, eroding depositor confidence. In March 2020, the RBI superseded its board, appointed an administrator (Prashant Kumar, former CFO of [[State Bank of India]])<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saha |first=Manojit |date=2020-03-08 |title=Explained: Why did Yes Bank have to be bailed out? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/why-did-yes-bank-have-to-be-bailed-out/article61964515.ece |access-date=2026-04-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>, and introduced a reconstruction scheme backed by capital infusion from other banks, including the State Bank of India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Srijith |date=2 June 2020 |title=Yes Bank Limited Reconstruction Scheme, 2020 |url=https://nsdl.co.in/downloadables/pdf/2020-0089-Policy-NSE%20Circular%20dated%20June%2002,%202020.pdf |access-date=20 April 2026 |website=[[National Stock Exchange of India]]}}</ref>

AT1 bonds, which are perpetual and designed to absorb losses under [[Basel III]], can be written down or converted into equity when capital ratios fall below thresholds. However, critics argued the Yes Bank action inverted the loss hierarchy by impacting AT1 holders before equity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bashyam |first=Swati |title=Global Market Research and Advisory Firm {{!}} Investment, Business, Intellectual Property Research and Business Valuation Services |url=https://www.aranca.com/ |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=www.aranca.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 14 March 2020, the administrator wrote down the full value of Yes Bank’s AT1 bonds a day after announcing the scheme<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Kushal |date=2026-01-08 |title=Shadow of doubt: Legal questions arising from the Yes Bank AT-1 write down |url=https://www.barandbench.com/view-point/shadow-of-doubt-legal-questions-arising-from-the-yes-bank-at-1-write-down |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref>. While equity was not immediately written down, equity holdings were locked in for three years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borate |first=Neil |date=2020-03-14 |title=Yes Bank shares locked in for 3 years - what it means for you and your funds |url=https://www.livemint.com/money/personal-finance/yes-bank-shares-locked-in-for-3-years-what-it-means-for-you-and-your-funds-11584178946588.html |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

In 2021–2022, [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] penalized Yes Bank and former CEO [[Rana Kapoor]] for mis-selling, citing inadequate risk disclosure and targeting unsuitable clients, including senior citizens.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=2022-09-07 |title=Sebi imposes ₹2 crore fine on Rana Kapoor in Yes Bank AT-1 bonds case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/sebi-imposes-2-crore-fine-on-rana-kapoor-in-yes-bank-at-1-bonds-case/article65862121.ece |access-date=2026-04-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Legal proceedings ==
Bondholders, represented by entities such as Axis Trustee Services, challenged the write-down in the [[Bombay High Court]]. In January 2023, the court quashed the administrator's decision, ruling that the final reconstruction scheme notified by the government on 13 March 2020 did not explicitly authorize the write-off, and that the administrator had exceeded his powers post-reconstruction.<ref>{{Cite news |last=P Upadhyay |first=Jayshree |date=20 January 2023 |title=India court quashes write-off of Yes Bank's AT1 bonds - order |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-court-quashes-write-off-yes-banks-at1-bonds-legal-sources-2023-01-20/ |access-date=19 April 2026 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

Yes Bank, the RBI, and other parties appealed to the Supreme Court, which stayed the High Court order in March 2023 and has since heard arguments on issues including statutory authority, contractual terms of the bonds, and the broader implications for bank resolution frameworks.<ref name=":0" /> Hearings continued into 2025, with the court indicating it would conclude arguments in early 2026. A Swiss court ruling on [[Credit Suisse]] AT1 bonds in 2025 was cited in some commentary but has limited direct precedential value in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arun |first=T.K. |date=2025-12-19 |title=Reconsidering The Impact: Why The Swiss Court's AT1 Ruling Has Limited Relevance For The YES Bank Case |url=https://www.impriindia.com/insights/swiss-courts-at1-ruling-yes-bank-case/ |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=Impact And Policy Research Institute (IMPRI) |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The controversy highlighted tensions between regulatory discretion in crisis resolution and investor rights. Supporters of the write-down argued it was essential to protect depositors and the financial system by enforcing loss-absorbing features without taxpayer burden. Critics pointed to procedural lapses, potential mis-selling, and questions over whether AT1 instruments should absorb losses before equity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Radhika |last2=Priyadarshini |first2=D. |title=Yes Bank: The anatomy of a crisis |url=https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/money-finance/the-anatomy-of-a-crisis |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=Ideas for India |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[HDFC Bank AT1 bond misselling case]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite journal |last=Agarwal |first=Manas |year=2023 |title=Analysing Additional Tier 1 Bonds through the Yes Bank Fiasco |url=https://www.rfmlr.com/_files/ugd/0fa0b3_384dea11d42b45c3898cf86ccb0d9218.pdf |journal=RGNUL Financial and Mercantile Law Review |volume=10 |pages=215–240 |via=[[HeinOnline]], [[Wikipedia#The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]]}}
*{{cite journal |last=Gong |first=Addison |date=2020-04-06 |title=Yes Bank AT1 write-off: a wake up call |url=https://www.globalcapital.com/article/28msrwf3i64sdcd3s6jka/asia/yes-bank-at1-write-off-a-wake-up-call |journal=Global Capital |via=[[EBSCO Discovery Service]], [[Wikipedia#The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]]}}

{{authoritycontrol}}
[[Category:Supreme Court of India cases]]
[[Category:Financial scandals]]
[[Category:Fraud in India]]

Govind Swaminadhan

2026-04-25T00:26:40Z

Julimye: Made Initial Entry Basic Info

{{more citations needed|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Govind Swaminadhan
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| office = [[Advocate General]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start = 1969
| term_end = 1976
| nominator =
| appointer =
| predecessor = [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]]
| successor = [[K. Parasaran]]
| birth_date = 9 October 1909
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2003|09|30|1909|10|09}}
| death_place =
| spouse =
}}

'''Govind Swaminadhan''' (9 October 1909 – 30 September 2003) was an Indian lawyer who served as the Advocate-General of Tamil Nadu from 1969 to 1976. He also served as president of the Madras Bar Association.

== Early life and education ==
Govind was born on 9 October 1909 to lawyer [[Subbarama Swaminathan]], and his wife [[Ammu Swaminathan]]. He was the oldest of four siblings, the others being [[Lakshmi Sehgal]] (1914-2012, [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]] (1918-2016) and Subbaram Swaminadhan . He had his education at Madras and [[Oxford University|Oxford]] and qualified as a barrister from the Inner Temple in 1935.

== Career ==
Govind practised at the [[Madras High Court]] serving as Crown Prosecutor and later as Standing Counsel for the Government of India. One of his important trials as Crown Prosecutor was the [[Lakshmikanthan Murder Case]].

In 1969, Govind was appointed Advocate-General of Tamil Nadu during the tenure of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] government and served till 1976. Govind actively practised as a lawyer till 1997 when he was about 87 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |last=George |first=Diya Maria |date=2024-04-22 |title=A reverence to the pursuit of justice |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2024/Apr/22/a-reverence-to-the-pursuit-of-justice |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite news|title=Govind Swaminadhan passes away|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2003/10/01/stories/2003100105741100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040113024015/http://www.thehindu.com/2003/10/01/stories/2003100105741100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 January 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 October 2003}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swaminadhan, Govind}}
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:Advocates general for Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]

Vasudev Morajkar

2026-04-22T01:59:27Z

Julimye: created some data w/ infobox

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1925)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vasudev Morajkar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Vasudev Datta Morajkar
| birth_place =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1925|9|15|df=y}}
| spouse = Ahilyabai Morajkar
| occupation = Politician
| profession = [[Social worker]]
| office1 = [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Member of Goa Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 1967
| term_end1 = 1977
| predecessor1 = [[Tony Fernandes (politician)|Tony Fernandes]]
| successor1 = [[Sadashiv Marathe]]
| constituency1 = [[Sanguem Assembly constituency|Sanguem]]
| party = [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]] (1967–1977)
| office2 = [[Councillor]] of Sanguem Municipality
| term_start2 = unknown
| term_end2 = unknown
}}

'''Vasudev Datta Morajkar''' (born 15 September 1925) is an Indian politician and social worker from [[Goa]]. He is a former member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]], representing the [[Sanguem Assembly constituency]] from 1967 to 1977. He was a member of the [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Goa Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/member_detail.php?mem_id=171 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.goavidhansabha.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icIUgRYJWYMC&q=Vasudev+Morajkar |title=The Journal of Parliamentary Information |date=2008 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OHboAAAAMAAJ&q=Vasudev+Morajkar |title=Goa Today |date=1971 |publisher=Goa Publications |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reed |first=Sir Stanley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G2LVAAAAMAAJ&q=Vasudev+Morajkar |title=Indian and Pakistan Year Book and Who's who |date=1977 |publisher=Bennett, Coleman. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reed |first=Sir Stanley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1gcfAQAAMAAJ&q=Vasudev+Morajkar |title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who |date=1976 |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company |language=en}}</ref>

==Positions held==
* [[Councillor]] of [[Sanguem]] [[Municipality]] for 5 years
* Panel of Chairman 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70
* Member of the Committee on Petitions 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1970–71 and 1971–72
* Member of the Committee on Delegated Legislation 1969–70
* Member of the Committee on Petitions 1970–71<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Morajkar, Vasudev}}
[[Category:Possibly living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Goa, Daman and Diu MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Goa, Daman and Diu MLAs 1967–1972]]
[[Category:1925 births]]

Laurels International School

2026-04-20T00:52:13Z

Julimye: put up first pg first draft!

{{Short description|School in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{multiple issues|
{{no footnotes|date=May 2015}}
{{third-party|date=May 2015}}
}}
'''Laurels International School''' is [[Prayagraj]]'s (formerly Allahabad) first residential and day-boarding international school. Situated in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]], the school has been set up under the aegis of Laurels Global UK. The school is affiliated with the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE) and headed by Dr. Arun Prakash, who has been the founder principal of seven schools in India and abroad including [[Delhi Public School Society|Delhi Public Schools]] at Guwahati ([[Assam]]), Jeddah ([[Saudi Arabia]]), Korba ([[Madhya Pradesh]]), Bilaspur ([[Chhattisgarh]]) and Bongaigaon ([[Assam]]). Dr Prakash has also worked as the founder principal at Pathway International School, [[Dubai]] (rechristened as Academy International School) and [[SAI International School]], [[Bhubaneswar]].

Physical infrastructure at the school includes horse riding, half-Olympic size swimming pool, large playground and laboratories including Robotics The school has its own school radio, "Radio Laurels", which broadcasts programmes produced, edited and presented by children.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{official|https://laurelsinternationalschool.com/}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.laurelsinternationalschool.com/|title=Laurels International School, Allahabad's first international day-boarding school under the leadership of Principal Dr. Arun Prakash|publisher=laurelsinternationalschool.com|accessdate=2014-01-31}}
*{{cite web|url=http://laurelsglobal.co.uk/|title=Home - Laurels Global - To promote modern educational practices|publisher=laurelsglobal.co.uk|accessdate=2014-01-31}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.laurelsinternationalschool.com/index.php/media-coverage|title=MEDIA COVERAGE|publisher=laurelsinternationalschool.com|accessdate=2014-01-31}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.laurelsinternationalschool.com/images/press/lis-media-2.jpg|title=images/press/lis-media-2|publisher=laurelsinternationalschool.com|accessdate=2014-01-31}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.laurelsinternationalschool.com/images/press/lis-media-10.jpg|title=images/press/lis-media-10|publisher=laurelsinternationalschool.com|accessdate=2014-01-31}}
* [https://www.bhaskar.com/article/UP-ALAH-little-radio-jockey-arcisha-allahabad-news-4706046-PHO.html?seq=1 bhaskar.com]

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:International schools in India]]
[[Category:Schools in Prayagraj]]

Garwara Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T16:33:06Z

Julimye: Made New Details From Scratch

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Garwara
|state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| type = SLA
|established = 1974
|abolished = 2012
|district = [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]]
| loksabha_cons =
|reservation =
}}
'''Garwara''' is a former constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Candidates in GARWARA : JAUNPUR Uttar Pradesh 2007 |url=https://myneta.info/up2007/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=242 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Candidate
!Party
!Total Vote
|-
|2007
|[[Seema Dwivedi]]<ref name="election2007">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3261-uttar-pradesh-2007/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|43236
|-
|2002
|Lal Bahadur
|[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|51351
|-
|1996
|Seema Dwivedi
|BJP
|39881
|-
|1993
|Umashankar
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
|38859
|-
|1991
|Ramesh Bahadur Singh
|BJP
|27253
|-
|1989
|[[Rai Laxmi Narayan Singh]]<ref name="election1989">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3256-uttar-pradesh-1989/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|[[Janata Dal|JD]]
|23872
|-
|1985
|Ram Naresh Shukla<ref name="election1985">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3255-uttar-pradesh-1985/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|31528
|-
|1980
|Ram Shiromani
|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)|INC(I)]]
|19334
|-
|1977
|Ram Shiromani
|INC
|23157
|-
|1974
|Ram Shiromani Dubey
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|15639
|}

== See also ==
[[Jaunpur Assembly constituency]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.97|81.93|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Jaunpur district]]
[[Category:Jaunpur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1974]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 disestablishments in India]]

{{UttarPradesh-geo-stub}}
{{India-constituency-stub}}

Mariyang-Geku Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T23:41:46Z

Julimye: put up new stub needs work

{{Short description|Constituency of the Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Mariyang-Geku
|state = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|type=SLA
| constituency_no = 40
| map_image = Mariyang-Geku Assembly constituency map.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = Oni Panyang
| party = {{Party index link|People's Party of Arunachal}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|district = [[Upper Siang district|Upper Siang]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Arunachal West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal West]]
|established = 1990
|electors = 12,212
|reservation = ST
}}
'''Mariyang-Geku''' is one of the 60 assembly constituencies of [[Arunachal Pradesh]], a northeastern state of [[India]].<ref name=apceo>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |title=AC & PC List- Jharkhand |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218152343/http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |archive-date=18 December 2019}}</ref> It is also a part of the [[Arunachal West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |title=Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2021 }}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || rowspan=3 | Kabang Borang || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || J. K. Panggeng<ref name="16 Arunachal ministers, Parliamentary secretaries lose in assembly polls">{{cite news |date=17 May 2014 |title=16 Arunachal ministers, Parliamentary secretaries lose in assembly polls |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/16-arunachal-ministers-parliamentary-secretaries-lose-in-assembly-polls/articleshow/35253733.cms?from=mdr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520164113/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/16-arunachal-ministers-parliamentary-secretaries-lose-in-assembly-polls/articleshow/35253733.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=20 May 2025 |access-date=20 May 2025 |publisher=The Economic Times}}</ref>|| {{Full party name with color|Arunachal Congress}}
|-
| [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || J. K. Panggeng || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Olom Panyang]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || Kanggong Taku<ref name="Arunachal Assembly will have 20 first time MLAs">{{cite news|title=Arunachal Assembly will have 20 first time MLAs|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/arunachal-assembly-will-have-20-first-time-mlas-736043.html|accessdate=19 May 2025|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=25 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519173615/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/arunachal-assembly-will-have-20-first-time-mlas-736043.html|archivedate=19 May 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Seven MLAs switch over to BJP in Arunachal Pradesh2">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=25 December 2020 |title=Seven MLAs switch over to BJP in Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/seven-mlas-switch-over-to-bjp-in-arunachal-pradesh/article33415732.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517093421/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/seven-mlas-switch-over-to-bjp-in-arunachal-pradesh/article33415732.ece |archive-date=17 May 2025 |access-date=17 May 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Nitish Kumar's JDU suffers setback as 6 of its MLAs join BJP in Arunachal">{{cite news |date=25 December 2020 |title=Nitish Kumar's JDU suffers setback as 6 of its MLAs join BJP in Arunachal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nitish-kumar-jdu-setback-6-mlas-join-bjp-arunachal-1753152-2020-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517095429/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nitish-kumar-jdu-setback-6-mlas-join-bjp-arunachal-1753152-2020-12-25 |archive-date=17 May 2025 |access-date=17 May 2025 |publisher=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Six JD(U) MLAs join BJP in Arunachal; Nitish downplays setback">{{cite news |date=25 December 2020 |title=Six JD(U) MLAs join BJP in Arunachal; Nitish downplays setback |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/jdu-setback-arunachal-six-mlas-join-bjp-7119786/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517095402/https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/jdu-setback-arunachal-six-mlas-join-bjp-7119786/ |archive-date=17 May 2025 |access-date=17 May 2025 |work=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>|| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|-
| [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Oni Panyang]] || {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Mariyang-Geku<ref name="Mariyang-Geku (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/mariyang-geku|title=Mariyang-Geku (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024|date=4 June 2024|access-date=7 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525072835/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/mariyang-geku|archive-date=25 May 2025|publisher=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Mariyang-Geku">{{cite news|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0240.htm|title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Mariyang-Geku|date=4 June 2024|access-date=7 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250607035649/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0240.htm|archive-date=7 June 2025|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref name="Mariyang-Geku Assembly Election Result 2024: Oni Panyang of National People's Party wins">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/mariyang-geku-assembly-election-results-2024-mariyang-geku-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110634561.cms|title=Mariyang-Geku Assembly Election Result 2024: Oni Panyang of National People's Party wins|date=2 June 2024|access-date=7 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006122635/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/mariyang-geku-assembly-election-results-2024-mariyang-geku-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110634561.cms|archive-date=6 October 2024|publisher=The Times of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Oni Panyang]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=6,115 |percentage=52.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Olom Panyang]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,442 |percentage=46.97% |change={{increase}}6.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=28 |percentage=0.24% |change={{decrease}}0.73 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=673 |percentage=5.81% |change= {{decrease}}6.65 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,585 |percentage=94.87% |change= {{increase}}0.61 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,212 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=Janata Dal (United) |swing= {{decrease}}0.29 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Mariyang-Geku<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11675-arunachal-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2019 - Arunachal Pradesh - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |date= |author= |accessdate= 24 January 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanggong Taku |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=5,366 |percentage=53.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anong Perme |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,106 |percentage=40.61% |change={{decrease}}5.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. K. Panggeng |party=Indian National Congress |votes=392 |percentage=3.88% |change={{decrease}}42.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ani Moyong |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=149 |percentage=1.47% |change={{decrease}}2.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=98 |percentage=0.97% |change={{increase}}0.89 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,260 |percentage=12.46% |change= {{increase}}12.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,111 |percentage=94.26% |change= {{increase}}4.03 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,727 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.06 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Dal (United) |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}7.07 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Mariyang-Geku<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813080618/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Olom Panyang]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,198 |percentage=46.00% |change={{increase}}43.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. K. Panggeng |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,189 |percentage=45.90% |change={{increase}}1.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thomas Borang |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=321 |percentage=3.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ogenjamoh |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=231 |percentage=2.53% |change={{decrease}}27.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Toi Modi |party=Independent politician |votes=180 |percentage=1.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=7 |percentage=0.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9 |percentage=0.10% |change= {{decrease}}13.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,126 |percentage=90.23% |change= {{increase}}1.66 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,114 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}5.26 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}1.95 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Mariyang-Geku<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404184244/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Panggeng |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,165 |percentage=44.05% |change={{increase}}15.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raising Perme |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=2,885 |percentage=30.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Olom Panyang]] |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=2,212 |percentage=23.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dana Pertin |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=194 |percentage=2.05% |change={{decrease}}8.17 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,280 |percentage=13.54% |change= {{decrease}}8.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,456 |percentage=88.57% |change= {{increase}}9.18 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,676 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.46 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Arunachal Congress |swing= {{decrease}}6.83 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Mariyang-Geku<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324145008/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=J. K. Panggeng |party=Arunachal Congress |votes=4,376 |percentage=50.88% |change={{increase}}12.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kabang Borang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,491 |percentage=28.96% |change={{decrease}}14.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kangir Jamoh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=879 |percentage=10.22% |change={{decrease}}8.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dana Pertin |party=Independent politician |votes=855 |percentage=9.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,885 |percentage=21.92% |change= {{increase}}16.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,601 |percentage=78.84% |change= {{decrease}}1.34 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,834 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Arunachal Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.73 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Mariyang-Geku<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kabang Borang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,178 |percentage=43.14% |change={{decrease}}6.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. K. Panggeng |party=Arunachal Congress |votes=2,813 |percentage=38.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raising Perme |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,375 |percentage=18.67% |change={{increase}}12.92 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=365 |percentage=4.96% |change= {{decrease}}10.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,366 |percentage=82.75% |change= {{decrease}}4.14 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,124 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.92 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Mariyang-Geku<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144239/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kabang Borang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,684 |percentage=49.44% |change={{decrease}}5.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. K. Panggeng |party=Independent politician |votes=2,501 |percentage=33.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Apel Perme |party=Independent politician |votes=706 |percentage=9.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kangir Jamoh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=428 |percentage=5.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dana Pertin |party=Independent politician |votes=133 |percentage=1.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,183 |percentage=15.87% |change= {{increase}}5.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,452 |percentage=86.18% |change= {{increase}}0.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,780 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.96 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.65 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Mariyang-Geku<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kabang Borang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,737 |percentage=55.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bakin Pertin |party=Janata Dal |votes=3,047 |percentage=44.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=690 |percentage=10.17% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,784 |percentage=85.58% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,058 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Itanagar]]
* [[Upper Siang district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh}}

{{coord|28.49|95.22|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Upper Siang district]]
[[Category:Politics of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1990]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]

I. V. Subba Rao (civil servant)

2026-04-09T14:57:56Z

Julimye: started the bio basic info

{{Short description|Indian civil servant born in 1955}}
{{Distinguish|I. V. Subba Rao (scientist)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dr. I. V. Subba Rao
| honorific_suffix = [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]]
| image = Dr I.V. Subba Rao.jpg
| office = [[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary]] to the [[Vice-President of India]]
| 1blankname = [[Vice President of India|Vice-President]]
| 1namedata = [[M. Venkaiah Naidu]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| term_end = 18 August 2022
| term_start = 17 August 2017
| office1 = Chief Electoral Officer of [[Andhra Pradesh State Election Commission|Andhra Pradesh]]
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| term_end1 = September 2010
| term_start1 = April 2008
| occupation = [[IAS officer]]
}}

'''Ilapavuluri Venkata Subba Rao''' or [[Doctor of Philosophy|Dr.]] '''I. V. Subba Rao''' is a retired [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer of [[Andhra Pradesh]] cadre and 1979 batch who has served at various positions in the [[Government of India]] and the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/iv-subba-rao-is-new-eo/articleshow/6639889.cms |title=Hyderabad: IV Subba Rao is new Establishment Officer (EO) |work=The Times of India |date=28 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140524/nation-current-affairs/article/two-ias-officials-express-willingness-work-naidu |title=Two IAS officials express willingness to work with Chandrababu Naidu |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=24 May 2014 }}</ref> He worked as the [[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary]] to the [[Vice President of India|Vice-President]] of [[India]] from August 2017 to August 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ex-ias-officer-i-v-subba-rao-appointed-secretary-to-vice-president-venkaiah-naidu/articleshow/60085967.cms |title=Ex IAS officer IV Subba Rao appointed as Secretary to Vice President Venkaiah Naidu |work=The Economic Times |date=16 August 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.news18.com/news/politics/former-ias-officer-iv-subba-rao-to-continue-as-secretary-to-vice-president-naidu-2182005.html |title=Former IAS officer IV Subba Rao to continue as Secretary to Vice-President of India |work=News 18 |date=11 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/nation/ex-ias-officer-iv-subba-rao-appointed-secy-to-vice-president-452581 |title=Ex-IAS officer IV Subba Rao appointed Secretary to Vice President |work=Tribune India |date=16 August 2017 }}</ref> He was member of [[Padma Award|Padma award]] committee 2023.[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-04/PadmaAwardsCommittee_13042023.pdf]

==Career==
As Executive Officer (EO) at [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]], one of the world’s most popular Hindu temples, during 1999-2000, he introduced, among other innovations, a new queue management system called ‘Su-darshanam’ to ensure a more pilgrim-friendly experience for over 18 million pilgrims who visit the shrine every year.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/tirupatis-first-in-first-out-system-a-blessing-for-pilgrims/59210/ |title=Tirupatis first in first out system a blessing for pilgrims |work=Financial Express |date=30 September 2002 }}</ref>

His tenure as the Chief Electoral Officer (CEO) of [[Andhra Pradesh State Election Commission]] (2008-2010) was marked by innovative measures to enhance transparency through the use of technology and enhance voter participation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2009/apr/25/remote-areas-witness-high-voter-turnout-43945.html |title=Nellore: Remote areas witness high voter turnout |work=The New Indian Express |date=25 April 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thewire.in/politics/andhra-pradesh-in-blow-to-jagan-govt-state-election-commission-to-hold-panchayat-polls |title=Andhra Pradesh: In blow to Jagan govt, State Election Commission to hold Panchayat polls |work=The Wire |date=29 January 2021 }}</ref>

During 2000-2004, Subba Rao, as Principal Secretary, School Education, Government of Andhra Pradesh, provided leadership to a massive enrolment drive resulting in net enrollment at primary school level reaching 96 percent and a concerted effort to impart literacy skills to over 6 million adult illiterates. The Government of India invited him to lead the first Joint Review Mission of India’s flagship program of Education for All ([[Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan]]) in January, 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan: First Joint Review Mission |url=http://14.139.60.153/bitstream/123456789/1643/1/SSA%20-%201st%20JRM%2C%2024%20Jan%20-7%20Feb%2C%202005_No%20Acc.pdf}}</ref>

Subba Rao initiated a comprehensive health sector reform as Principal Secretary, Health, Government of Andhra Pradesh during his tenure between 2004 and 2006. He designed a health insurance scheme - [[Aarogyasri|Arogyasri]] - to provide [[financial risk]] protection against catastrophic illnesses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Health & Family Welfare Dept., Govt. of AP |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3084b6fbb10729ed4da8c3d3f5a3ae7c9/uploads/2020/11/2020112324.pdf}}</ref>

In 2011, Subba Rao was appointed as the Establishment Officer and Additional Secretary to Government of India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2010 |title=IV Subba Rao is new EO |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/iv-subba-rao-is-new-eo/articleshow/6639889.cms |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DOPT Senior Offices as on May 2011 |url=https://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/SeniorOffices_AsInMay2011.pdf}}</ref>

===UNESCO===
[[File:Dr Subba Rao in UN General Assembly, 2006.jpg|thumb|Subba Rao, presenting UNESCO Report at UN General Assembly, 2016]]

Subba Rao joined the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO) in [[Paris]] as Chief of Literacy and Non-Formal Education in 2011 and led the process of evaluation of United Nations Literacy Decade. He prepared and presented UNESCO’s reports on literacy at the United Nations General Assembly in 2014<ref>{{Cite web |title=Development Must Centre on People, Realization of Social Rights, Third Committee Told at Opening of Session {{!}} UN Press |url=https://press.un.org/en/2014/gashc4097.doc.htm |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=press.un.org |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808053437/https://press.un.org/en/2014/gashc4097.doc.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and 2016<ref>{{Cite web |title=Speakers Focus on Greater Solidarity with World's Most Vulnerable People |url=https://press.un.org/en/2016/gashc4163.doc.htm |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=press.un.org |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808053510/https://press.un.org/en/2016/gashc4163.doc.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and provided leadership for the establishment of Global Alliance (GAL) for Literacy within the framework of lifelong learning, a multi-stakeholder partnership to advance the global literacy agenda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-08 |title=New Global Alliance for Literacy pledges partnership and innovation to boost progress {{!}} UIL |url=https://uil.unesco.org/literacy-and-basic-skills/global-alliance-literacy/new-global-alliance-literacy-pledges-partnership |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=uil.unesco.org |language=en |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808053437/https://uil.unesco.org/literacy-and-basic-skills/global-alliance-literacy/new-global-alliance-literacy-pledges-partnership |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subba Rao, I. V.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Free and Open Source Software Conference India

2026-03-31T02:44:02Z

Julimye: Made Initial Entry First Draft

{{Short description|Annual software conference}}

{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=January 2022}}
{{Notability|date=March 2026}}
}}
The '''Free and Open Source Software Conference India''' ('''FossCon India''') is planned to be an annual, three days [[conference]] for the discussion and promotion of the [[Free and open-source software]].<ref name="IndianExpress29Aug2019">{{cite news|title=Gogte institute's annual conference on open source software today | url=https://epaper.newindianexpress.com/2304514/The-New-Indian-Express-Belagavi/29-08-2019#page/3/2 | author=EXPRESS NEWS SERVICE @ Belagavi | access-date=29 August 2019 | newspaper=The New Indian Express | location=Belagavi, India}}</ref><ref name="FossconAAB">{{cite news|title=FOSSCON India conference at GIT Belagavi from 29-31 Aug | url=https://allaboutbelgaum.com/news/fosscon-india-conference-at-git-belagavi-from-29-31-aug/ | access-date=17 July 2019 | newspaper=All About Belgaum | location=Belagavi, India}}</ref><ref name="Fosscon">{{cite web |url=http://fosscon.in/ |title=FOSSCON INDIA 2019 |access-date=2019-07-20 |archive-date=2019-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720092935/http://fosscon.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="FossconMozilla">{{cite web|url=https://reps.mozilla.org/e/fosscon-2019 |title=Mozilla Reps - FOSSCON 2019 }}</ref>

==History==

{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Location
!Number of Attendees
|-
|2019
|[[Belagavi]], [[India]]<ref name="TarunBharat29Aug2019">{{cite news|title=Software workshop from today, by GIT | url=https://epaper.tarunbharat.com/2305190/Tarun-Bharat-Belgaum/BELGAUM#page/7/3 | access-date=29 August 2019 | newspaper=Tarun Bharat | location=Belgaum, India}}</ref>
| 150 <ref name="Pudari30Aug2019">{{cite news|title=FOSSCON 2019 in GIT | url=http://newspaper.pudhari.co.in/viewpage.php?edn=Belgaum&date=2019-08-30&edid=PUDHARI_BEL&pid=PUDHARI_BEL&pn=5#Article/PUDHARI_BEL_20190830_05_9/143px/1379FB3 | author=Representative | access-date=30 August 2019 | newspaper=Pudhari | location=Belgaum, India}}</ref>
|}

==Locations==

* [[Belagavi]], [[India]] - Started in 2019 <ref name="Pudari30Aug2019" /><ref name="TarunBharat30Aug2019">{{cite news|title=Build software thinking into the future, by VTU Registrar, Evaluation, Dr. Satish Annigeri at workshop in GIT | url=https://epaper.tarunbharat.com/2306552/Tarun-Bharat-Belgaum/BELGAUM#page/7/2 | author=Representative | access-date=30 August 2019 | newspaper=Tarun Bharat | location=Belgaum, India}}</ref><ref name="DeccanHerald30Aug2019">{{cite news|title=Apply fundamentals to create new things | url=http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/data/pp3-20190830_8/webepaper/pdf/570386.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830174218/http://www.deccanheraldepaper.com/data/pp3-20190830_8/webepaper/pdf/570386.pdf | url-status=usurped | archive-date=August 30, 2019 | author=DHNS Belagavi | access-date=30 August 2019 | newspaper=Deccan Herald | location=Belagavi, India}}</ref>

==Keynote Speakers==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Profession !! Current Employer !! Function !! Former Employer !! Edition
|-
| [http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/new/?q=user/31 Ramachandra T V], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] || [[Professor]] || [http://ces.iisc.ac.in/ Centre for Ecological Sciences], [[Indian Institute of Science|IISc]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/namma-bengaluru-environmentalists-call-for-a-shift-to-sustainable-solutions-to-slake-citys-thirst/article28265123.ece | title=Namma Bengaluru: Environmentalists call for a shift to sustainable solutions to slake city's thirst | author= Staff Reporter | access-date=2 July 2019 | newspaper=The Hindu | location=Bengaluru, India}}</ref> || Senior Scientific Officer || || FossCon 2019 <ref name="IndianExpress29Aug2019" /><ref name="FossconAAB" /><ref name="FossconMozilla" /><ref name="TarunBharat30Aug2019"/><ref name="Pudari30Aug2019" />
|-
| [https://www.linkedin.com/in/udaya-shankar-puranik-7aa07611 Uday Shankar Puranik], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] || [[Data science|Data Scientist]] and [[Scientific writing|Science Writer]] || [[NITI Aayog|Atal Innovation Mission]], Bengaluru || Mentor for [[Artificial intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] and [[Machine learning]] || [[IBM India]] || FossCon 2019 <ref name="IndianExpress29Aug2019" /><ref name="FossconAAB" /><ref name="FossconMozilla" /><ref name="TarunBharat30Aug2019"/><ref name="Pudari30Aug2019" />
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://fosscon.in FOSSCON INDIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720092935/http://fosscon.in/ |date=2019-07-20 }}
*[https://www.facebook.com/Fosscon-India-2019-317422435877486 Fosscon India Facebook ]
*[https://www.instagram.com/fosscon Fosscon India (@fosscon) Instagram ]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Free and Open Source Software Conference India}}
[[Category:Free-software conferences]]
[[Category:Academic conferences]]
[[Category:International conferences in India]]

{{compu-conference-stub}}

Indiana Hoosiers

2026-03-26T03:42:04Z

Julimye: creating post

{{Short description|Intercollegiate sports teams of Indiana University Bloomington}}
{{about|the collegiate sports teams of Indiana University Bloomington||Hoosiers (disambiguation){{!}}Hoosiers}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox college athletics
| name = Indiana Hoosiers
| logo = Indiana Hoosiers logo.svg
| logo_width = 120
| university = [[Indiana University Bloomington]]
| association = NCAA
| conference = [[Big Ten Conference|Big Ten]] (primary) [[Mountain Pacific Sports Federation]] (women's water polo)
| division = [[NCAA Division I|Division I]] ([[NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision|FBS]])
| mascot = Hoosier the Bison
|president=| director = [[Scott Dolson]]
| location = [[Bloomington, Indiana]]
| teams = 24
| stadium = [[Memorial Stadium (Indiana)|Memorial Stadium]]
| basketballarena = [[Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall]]
| baseballfield = [[Bart Kaufman Field]]
| softballstadium = [[Andy Mohr Field]]
| soccerstadium = [[Bill Armstrong Stadium]]
| arena2 = Cook Hall Counsilman-Billingsley Aquatics Center Dale England Rowing Center [[Gladstein Fieldhouse]] [[IU Championship Cross Country Course]] IU Field Hockey Complex IU Tennis Center The Pfau Couse at Indiana University Robert C. Haugh Complex The University Gymnasium Wilkinson Hall
| nickname = [[Hoosier]]s
| fightsong = [[Indiana, Our Indiana]]
| pageurl = https://iuhoosiers.com/
| altlogo = [[file:Indiana athletics wordmark 2002.png|200px]]
}}

The '''Indiana Hoosiers''' are the intercollegiate sports teams and players of [[Indiana University Bloomington]], nicknamed [[Hoosier]]s (after the demonym for people from the state of [[Indiana]]). The Hoosiers participate in [[NCAA Division I|Division I]] of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) in 24 sports and joined the [[Big Ten Conference]] on December 1, 1899. The school's official colors are [[cream (colour)|cream]] and [[crimson]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Traditions|url=https://iuhoosiers.com/sports/2018/12/14/traditions.aspx|website=IUHoosiers.com|date=December 14, 2018|access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref>

The Indiana Hoosiers have won 24 NCAA national championships, one [[Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women]] (AIAW) national championship, one [[College Football Playoff]] [[2026 College Football Playoff National Championship |championship]], and 145 NCAA individual national championships. The Hoosiers' team titles include eight by the [[Indiana Hoosiers men's soccer|men's soccer team]], six in a row in men's swimming and diving, five by the [[Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball|men's basketball team]], three in men's cross country, and one each in men's track and field, [[Collegiate wrestling|wrestling]], and [[Indiana Hoosiers football|football]].

The Hoosiers basketball program has won five NCAA Championships, tying for the fourth-most in history. The [[1975–76 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team|1976 team]] is the last undefeated NCAA men's basketball champion. A 2018 study listed Indiana as the second most valuable collegiate basketball program in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bozich|first=Alex|title=Study: IU basketball is nation's third most valuable program|url=http://www.insidethehall.com/2018/04/02/study-iu-basketball-is-nations-second-most-valuable-program/|access-date=2 April 2018|date=2 April 2018}}</ref> In Division I soccer, the Hoosiers have the most wins, have won the most National Championships, have appeared in the most [[NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship|College Cup]]s (18), and have the highest winning percentage of any other team.

Indiana has rivalries with the [[Purdue Boilermakers]] ([[Indiana–Purdue rivalry]]), the [[Kentucky Wildcats]] ([[Indiana–Kentucky rivalry]]), and the [[Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball|Illinois Fighting Illini]] ([[Illinois-Indiana rivalry]]).

==Traditions==

===School colors===
The school's official colors are cream and crimson. The official IU Crimson is [[Pantone#Pantone Color Matching System|Pantone]] 201.<ref>{{cite web|title=Traditions: About IU|url=http://www.iub.edu/about/traditions.shtml|publisher=Indiana University|access-date=April 2, 2012|archive-date=June 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604154306/http://www.iub.edu/about/traditions.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Big Ten logo in Indiana colors.svg|thumb|left|150px|Big Ten logo in Indiana's colors]]
===Mascot===
IU student-athletes are known as "[[Hoosier]]s", the [[demonym]] for natives or residents of [[Indiana]]. A bulldog named Ox served as the football team's mascot from 1959 to 1965.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vintage Vault Collection, 1960s Collection|url=http://iu.licensing.indiana.edu/vintage/sixties.shtml/|work=Indiana University|access-date=December 29, 2012|archive-date=July 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718052719/http://iu.licensing.indiana.edu/vintage/sixties.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="mascot">{{cite web|title=Indiana University Mascot or leave alone?|url=http://thehoopshouse.com/2011/05/22/indiana-university-mascot-or-leave-alone/ |work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=April 2, 2012}}</ref>

On May 27, 2025, after several teaser videos posted on IU Athletics' social media, "Hoosier the Bison" was revealed as the official mascot of Indiana University. The name "Hoosier the Bison" was used in 1965 when a student-led group first picked the mascot.<ref>{{cite web | title=Missing for over 50 years | IU announces return of iconic mascot | date=May 27, 2025 | url=https://www.wthr.com/article/sports/local-sports/indiana-university-bringing-back-iconic-mascot-hoosier-the-bison-bloomington/531-d79f7e6a-7b96-43b5-910d-42685a44bc5c }}</ref>

===School songs===
The Indiana Hoosiers' fight songs are "[[Indiana, Our Indiana]]" and "Indiana Fight!" They also have an alma mater song, "Hail to Old IU", and an additional song, ""Chimes of Indiana".<ref name="songs">{{cite web|title=Hoosier Traditions|url=http://www.iuhoosiers.com/trads/ind-trads-songs.html|publisher=Indiana Athletic Department|access-date=April 2, 2012|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175655/http://www.iuhoosiers.com/trads/ind-trads-songs.html|archive-date=March 20, 2012}}</ref>

== Sports sponsored ==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em;"
|+Indiana Hoosiers programs
|-
{{CollegePrimaryHeader|border=2|team=Indiana Hoosiers|Men's sports|Women's sports}}
|-
| [[Indiana Hoosiers baseball|Baseball]] || [[Indiana Hoosiers women's basketball|Basketball]]
|-
| [[Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball|Basketball]] || Cross country
|-
| Cross country || [[Indiana Hoosiers field hockey|Field hockey]]
|-
| [[Indiana Hoosiers football|Football]] || Golf
|-
| Golf || Rowing
|-
| [[Indiana Hoosiers men's soccer|Soccer]] || Soccer
|-
| Swimming and diving || [[Indiana Hoosiers softball|Softball]]
|-
| Tennis || Swimming and diving
|-
| [[Indiana Hoosiers track and field|Track and field]]† || Tennis
|-
| Wrestling || [[Indiana Hoosiers track and field|Track and field]]†
|-
| || [[Indiana Hoosiers women's volleyball|Volleyball]]
|-
| || Water polo
|-
| colspan="2" style="{{CollegeSecondaryStyle|Indiana Hoosiers}}" | {{small|† – Track and field includes both indoor and outdoor}}
|}

=== Baseball ===
{{main|Indiana Hoosiers baseball}}

{{see also|2019 Indiana Hoosiers baseball team}}
[[File:Bart Kaufman Field - 2017.jpg|thumb|left|Bart Kaufman Field - 2017]]
The Hoosiers appeared in the NCAA Tournament in 1996, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, and 2019, including one appearance at the [[College World Series]]. They have won the regular season conference championship seven times, in 1925, 1932, 1938, 1949, 2013, 2014, and 2019. The current head baseball coach of the Hoosiers is [[Jeff Mercer]]. Since 2013, the Hoosiers have played at [[Bart Kaufman Field]].

=== Basketball ===

==== Men's basketball ====
{{Main|Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball}}

The [[Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball]] team is the [[college basketball|intercollegiate men's basketball]] program representing [[Indiana University Bloomington|Indiana University]].

[[File:Assemblyhallindiana.jpg|thumb|left|Branch McCracken Court at Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall]]
The Hoosiers play on [[Branch McCracken]] Court at [[Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall]]. Indiana has won five NCAA Championships in men's basketball, in [[1940 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|1940]], [[1953 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|1953]], [[1976 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|1976]], [[1981 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|1981]], and [[1987 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|1987]]. Indiana's [[1975–76 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team|1976 team]] is the last undefeated NCAA men's basketball champion.

[[File:Indiana-Hoosier-Huddle.jpg|thumb|170px|Basketball players huddle before a game in their iconic candy striped pants]]A 2012 study listed Indiana as the third most valuable collegiate basketball program in the United States.<ref name="Everson">{{cite news|last=Everson|first=Darren|title=Louisville Can Cry All the Way to the Bank|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303816504577317681170452786?KEYWORDS=college+basketball+franchise|access-date=April 2, 2012 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=April 1, 2012}}</ref> Indiana has ranked in the top 15 nationally in men's basketball attendance since 1972.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncaa.org/stats/m_basketball/attendance/top25.pdf |title=NCAA men's basketball attendance history |work=ncaa.org |access-date=May 8, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322195854/http://www.ncaa.org/stats/m_basketball/attendance/top25.pdf |archive-date=March 22, 2007}}</ref> Basketball sportscaster [[Gus Johnson (sportscaster)|Gus Johnson]] called Assembly Hall "the Carnegie Hall of basketball."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y-c2DwAAQBAJ&q=Carnegie&pg=PT114|title=Indiana Hoosiers Fans' Bucket List|first1=Terry|last1=Hutchens|first2=Bill|last2=Murphy|date=October 15, 2017|publisher=Triumph Books|access-date=January 8, 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=9781633199231}}</ref>

Indiana has rivalries against the [[Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball|Purdue Boilermakers]] ([[Indiana–Purdue rivalry]]) and the [[Kentucky Wildcats]] ([[Indiana–Kentucky rivalry]]). [[Darian DeVries]] was Indiana's head coach in 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thamel |first1=Pete |last2=Borzello |first2=Jeff |title=Indiana names West Virginia's Darian DeVries as new coach |website=[[ESPN]] |url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/44306900/sources-indiana-targeting-west-virginia-hc-darian-devries |date=March 18, 2025 |access-date=July 8, 2025}}</ref>

==== Women's basketball ====
{{Main|Indiana Hoosiers women's basketball}}

Women's basketball began at IU began in the 1971–72 season. They were co-Big Ten champions in the 1982–83 season, won the Big Ten Tournament in the 2001–02, and won the WNIT in the 2017–18 season.<ref>{{cite web|title=IU women's basketball wins WNIT behind Tyra Buss, Amanda Cahill|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/sports/college/indiana/2018/03/31/iu-womens-basketball-wins-wnit-behind-tyra-buss-amanda-cahill/475749002/|publisher= IndyStar.com|access-date=April 10, 2010}}</ref> The current head coach is [[Teri Moren]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Indiana Women's Basketball Head Coach - Teri Moren |url=http://iuhoosiers.com/coaches.aspx?rc=1817&path=wbball|publisher= Indiana University Athletics| access-date= April 18, 2017}}</ref>

=== Football ===
{{main|Indiana Hoosiers football}}

{{see also|2025 Indiana Hoosiers football team}}
Indiana began playing football in 1884 and currently plays in the 52,656-seat, open-air [[Memorial Stadium, Bloomington|Memorial Stadium]], built in [[1960 NCAA Division I-A football season|1960]]. [[Curt Cignetti]] was hired as Indiana's head football coach beginning in the 2024 season.<ref>{{cite web |last=Marot |first=Michael |title=Indiana Hoosiers agree to deal with Curt Cignetti as new football coach |website=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/indiana-hoosiers-coach-cignetti-4c72c3c4fe97fc1496b1d9cba8f47396 |date=November 30, 2023 |access-date=July 8, 2025}}</ref> The team has won the Big Ten Championship three times—in 1945, 1967, and [[2025 Big Ten Football Championship Game|2025]]. It has appeared in 16 bowl games, including the Rose Bowl in [[1968 Rose Bowl|1968]] and 2025, as well as the [[2026 College Football Playoff National Championship|2026 national championship]].
*[[1968 Rose Bowl]]: Lost to the [[1968 USC Trojans football team|University of Southern California]] 14–3.
*[[1979 Holiday Bowl]]: Defeated [[1979 BYU Cougars football team|Brigham Young University]] 38–37.
*[[1986 All-American Bowl]]: Lost to [[1986 Florida State Seminoles football team|Florida State University]] 27–13.
*[[1988 Peach Bowl (January)]]: Lost to the [[1987 Tennessee Volunteers football team|University of Tennessee]] 27–22.
*[[1988 Liberty Bowl]]: Defeated [[1988 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|University of South Carolina]] 34–10.
*[[1990 Peach Bowl]]: Lost to [[1990 Auburn Tigers football team|Auburn University]] 27–23.
*[[1991 Copper Bowl]]: Defeated [[1991 Baylor Bears football team|Baylor University]] 24–0.
*[[1993 Independence Bowl]]: Lost to [[1993 Virginia Tech Hokies football team|Virginia Tech]] 45–20.
*[[2007 Insight Bowl]]: Lost to [[2007 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team|Oklahoma State University]] 49–33.
*[[2015 Pinstripe Bowl]]: Lost to [[2015 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke University]] 44–41OT
*[[2016 Foster Farms Bowl]]: Lost to [[2016 Utah Utes football team|University of Utah]] 26–24.
*[[2020 Gator Bowl]]: Lost to [[2019 Tennessee Volunteers football team|University of Tennessee]] 23–22.
*[[2021 Outback Bowl]]: Lost to [[2021 Ole Miss Rebels football team|Ole Miss]] 26–20.
*[[2024–25 College Football Playoff]] first round: Lost to [[2024 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team|University of Notre Dame]] 27–17<ref>{{cite web |title=Notre Dame protects home field in new postseason era with 1st playoff win, 27-17 over Indiana |website=[[ESPN]] |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/recap/_/gameId/401677179 |date=December 21, 2024 |access-date=July 8, 2025}}</ref>
* [[2026 Rose Bowl]] ([[2025–26 College Football Playoff]] quarterfinal): Defeated [[2025 Alabama Crimson Tide football team|University of Alabama]] 38–3.
* [[2026 Peach Bowl]] (2025–26 College Football Playoff semifinal): Defeated [[2025 Oregon Ducks football team|University of Oregon]] 56–22.
* [[2026 College Football Playoff National Championship]]: Defeated [[2025 Miami Hurricanes football team|University of Miami]] 27–21.

=== Soccer ===

==== Men's soccer ====
{{main|Indiana Hoosiers men's soccer}}

[[File:College soccer yates iu v tulsa 2004.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Indiana men's soccer faces the [[University of Tulsa]] in 2004]]
[[File:College soccer fans indiana 2004.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Fans at an IU soccer game at Jerry Yeagley Field at Bill Armstrong Stadium]]
The Hoosiers have won eight [[NCAA Men's Division I Soccer Championship|national championships in men's soccer]]: in [[1982 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship|1982]], [[1983 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship|1983]], [[1988 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship|1988]], [[1998 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship|1998]], [[1999 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship|1999]], [[2003 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship|2003]], [[2004 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship|2004]] and [[2012 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship|2012]]. Their current coach is [[Todd Yeagley]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Indiana Men's Soccer Head Coach - Todd Yeagley|url=http://iuhoosiers.com/coaches.aspx?rc=1768&path=msoc|publisher= Indiana University Athletics| access-date= April 18, 2017}}</ref>

==== Women's soccer ====
On November 18, 2007, the Hoosiers defeated Purdue University in the NCAA second round to advance to the NCAA third round for the first time in program history.

Three Indiana Hoosiers played during the inaugural WUSA season: [[Wendy Dillinger]] ([[Atlanta Beat (WUSA)|Atlanta Beat]]), [[Tracy Grose]] ([[Carolina Courage]]), and Kelly Wilson ([[Bay Area CyberRays]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idsnews.com/news/story.aspx?id=3335&comview=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218185509/http://www.idsnews.com/news/story.aspx?id=3335&comview=1|url-status=dead|title=idsnews.com|archive-date=December 18, 2007}}</ref>

=== Softball ===
{{main|Indiana Hoosiers softball}}

The Hoosier softball team has appeared in four [[Women's College World Series]], in 1979, 1980, 1983 and 1986.<ref name="Plummer">{{cite book|title=A Series Of Their Own: History Of The Women's College World Series|first1=William|last1=Plummer|first2=Larry C.|last2=Floyd|year=2013|publisher= Turnkey Communications Inc.|location= Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States|isbn=978-0-9893007-0-4}}</ref> The current head coach is [[Shonda Stanton]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Indiana Hires Shonda Stanton as Head Softball Coach|url=http://iuhoosiers.com/news/2017/6/10/indiana-hires-shonda-stanton-as-head-softball-coach.aspx|publisher=Indiana University|year=2017|access-date=June 12, 2017}}</ref>

=== Swimming and diving ===

The Hoosiers compete at the {{convert|44651|sqft|m2|adj=on}} Counsilman-Billingsley Aquatics Center. Under former coaches [[James Counsilman]] and [[Hobie Billingsley]], the men's swimming and diving program won 140 consecutive dual meets, 20 consecutive Big Ten titles, and six consecutive NCAA Championships.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiana.edu/~athlweb/graphic/sports/m-swim/mswtrad.html |title=IU Athletics – Men's Swimming & Diving – Tradition – Tradition of Program |publisher=[[Indiana University]] |access-date=January 8, 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011222005800/http://www.indiana.edu/~athlweb/graphic/sports/m-swim/mswtrad.html |archive-date=December 22, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/ind/sports/m-swim/auto_pdf/08mediaguide-section2.pdf |title=2008 Media Guide |publisher=[[Indiana University]] |year=2008 |access-date=May 19, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708212636/http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/ind/sports/m-swim/auto_pdf/08mediaguide-section2.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2011}}</ref> The women's swimming and diving team has produced four individual national champions, six Big Ten championship teams (in 2003, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2019), and fourteen Olympians.

=== Cross country ===

Men's cross country at Bloomington began in 1910. Women's cross country began in 1978.

=== Wrestling ===

Indiana Hoosiers Wrestling began in 1909. They have produced 50 individual All-Americans, 12 individual NCAA national champions from 1932 to 2008, and have won one team NCAA national title (in 1932).<ref>{{cite web|title=IU Wrestling History|url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/ind/sports/m-wrestl/auto_pdf/2013-14/misc_non_event/2013-14WrestlingRecordBook.pdf|publisher=Indiana University Athletics|access-date=January 8, 2018|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070441/http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/ind/sports/m-wrestl/auto_pdf/2013-14/misc_non_event/2013-14WrestlingRecordBook.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Club sports==

The Indiana University Club Sports Federation operates separately from the IU Athletic Department, which means that nearly all of the funding for club sports programs comes through organization dues and outside fundraising. Of the 40 club sports on the Bloomington campus, several are noteworthy for representing IU in high-level national competitions.

===Men's ice hockey===
The Indiana University men's ice hockey team was founded in 1967, and has played in the [[American Collegiate Hockey Association]] (ACHA) Division II [[Tri-State Collegiate Hockey League]] since 2019. In February 2022, the Hoosiers claimed their first TSCHL Playoff Championship, after finishing the regular season as runners-up.<ref>{{Cite web |last=University |first=Men's Ice Hockey Team-Indiana |title=Indiana University Ice Hockey |url=https://hockeyiu.com/ |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=hockeyiu.com |language=en}}</ref> The Hoosiers won their first ACHA National Championship in 2024, defeating rival Miami (OH) 5–4 in overtime in St. Louis, MO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indiana club hockey defeats Miami in overtime, wins program's first national title |url=https://www.idsnews.com/article/2024/03/indiana-club-hockey-defeats-miami-overtime-wins-national-championship-hoosiers-bloomington |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=Indiana club hockey defeats Miami in overtime, wins program’s first national title - Indiana Daily Student |language=en-US}}</ref> Previously, they were members of the [[Central States Collegiate Hockey League]] conference, which is part of the ACHA Division I. The team plays most games at the historic Frank Southern Ice Arena<ref>{{cite web|work=IU Ice Hockey|url=http://iuhockey.com/page.php?page_id=27509|title=Location: Frank Southern Ice Arena}}</ref> off-campus, but some fall practices and games are hosted by the Hamilton Ice Center in Columbus, IN due to seasonal maintenance concerns at "The Frank".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Indiana University |first=Men's Ice Hockey Team |title=Indiana Hockey Tryout Camp Info |url=https://www.hockeyiu.com/articles/important-tryout-camp-information-us0t0fqgrp |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=hockeyiu.com |language=en}}</ref>

The team holds the 1971 and 2001 Big Ten Hockey League championships, 8 Midwestern Collegiate Hockey League (MCHL) championships during the 1980s and 1990s, and the 2002 [[Great Midwest Hockey League]] (GMHL).<ref>{{cite web|work=Indiana University|url=https://myinvolvement.indiana.edu/Community?action=getOrgHome&orgID=99|title=Indiana University Ice Hockey Organization (IU Ice Hockey)|access-date=September 13, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719211825/https://myinvolvement.indiana.edu/Community?action=getOrgHome&orgID=99|archive-date=July 19, 2011}}</ref> The Hoosiers men's ice hockey team was the National Championship runner-up in the 1995, 1998, 2000, and 2008 [[American Collegiate Hockey Association|ACHA]] Division II National Championships, winning their first ACHA D-II national title in 2024. Home and road games are broadcast live on the team's YouTube Channel,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Indiana University |first=Men's Ice Hockey Team |title=2022 TRI-STATE COLLEGIATE HOCKEY LEAGUE PLAYOFFS: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW |url=https://www.hockeyiu.com/articles/2022-tristate-collegiate-hockey-league-playoffs-what-you-need-to-know-kzosot0t |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=hockeyiu.com |language=en}}</ref> although the IU Media School's student-run radio station [[WIUX-LP|WIUX (formerly WIUS)]] broadcast select games prior to 2005. The team is led by Head Coach Andrew Weiss, who took over during the 2021–22 season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Indiana University |first=Men's Ice Hockey Team |title=Indiana Hockey makes coaching staff changes |url=https://www.hockeyiu.com/articles/indiana-makes-coaching-staff-changes-kvu6fgjg |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=hockeyiu.com |language=en}}</ref>

Indiana University also maintains a club hockey team that competes in the Division III [[Indiana Collegiate Hockey Conference]] of the ACHA.

===Men's rugby===
The IU Men's Rugby Club competes in the [[Big Ten Universities]] conference, which is part of D1A Rugby – [[USA Rugby]]'s elite division of [[college rugby]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://d1arugby.com/|title=D1A Rugby|website=D1A Rugby|access-date=January 8, 2018}}</ref> The Hoosiers finished the 2016–17 season ranked #7.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://d1arugby.com/news/final-canterbury-d1a-top-20-rankings-for-the-2016-17-season/|title=Final Canterbury D1A Top 20 Rankings for the 2016-17 season|access-date=January 8, 2018|archive-date=January 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109121910/http://d1arugby.com/news/final-canterbury-d1a-top-20-rankings-for-the-2016-17-season/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The club was founded in 1962 and played its first game against the [[Notre Dame Rugby Football Club]]. Head Coach Sarasopa Enari arrived to the program in 1994 and has led the team to many notable achievements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idsnews.com/article/2015/04/rugby-team-qualifies-for-national-championship|title=Rugby team qualifies for national championship|access-date=January 8, 2018}}</ref>

IU reached its first national semifinal in 1998. In 2011 they finished the season ranked 11th.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rugbymag.com/men-di-college/870-final-mens-di-college-top-25-20102011.html|magazine=Rugby Mag|title=Final Men's D1 College Top 25 2010/2011|date=2011-05-17|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617022837/http://www.rugbymag.com/men-di-college/870-final-mens-di-college-top-25-20102011.html}}</ref> In 2013, IU won the Big Ten Championship match 58–38 over Michigan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://d1arugby.com/conferences/big-ten-east/indiana/news/item/hoosiers-confirmed-as-big-ten-champions-58-38-defeat-over-wolverines|title=HOOSIERS CONFIRMED AS BIG TEN CHAMPIONS – 58-38 DEFEAT OVER WOLVERINES|publisher=D1A Rugby|date=2013-11-11|access-date=November 27, 2013|archive-date=December 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231422/http://d1arugby.com/conferences/big-ten-east/indiana/news/item/hoosiers-confirmed-as-big-ten-champions-58-38-defeat-over-wolverines|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2015, Indiana defeated Ohio State 34–14 to win another BTU Championship game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rugbytoday.com/college/indiana-finishes-undefeated-big-ten-champ|title=Indiana Finishes as Undefeated Big Ten Champ|publisher=Rugby Today|last=Rutledge|first=Justin|date=2015-11-17|access-date=February 13, 2016|archive-date=November 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127203637/http://www.rugbytoday.com/college/indiana-finishes-undefeated-big-ten-champ|url-status=dead}}</ref> Following the conference championship victory, IU achieved a milestone 38–34 win over Kutztown University in the ACRC Bowl Series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://d1arugby.com/news/indiana-st-bonaventure-leave-acrc-bowl-with-wins/|title=Indiana, St. Bonaventure leave ACRC Bowl with wins|access-date=January 8, 2018|archive-date=December 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105105/http://d1arugby.com/news/indiana-st-bonaventure-leave-acrc-bowl-with-wins/|url-status=dead}}</ref> This capped a perfect 12-0 Fall 2015 campaign. The Hoosiers finished the season ranked 5th in the country in the D1A rankings. In the 2016-17 IU won another Big Ten Rugby Championship and fell to 4-time national champions BYU in a D1A quarterfinal.

Indiana has also been successful in [[rugby sevens]], particularly in the [[Collegiate Rugby Championship]], a tournament broadcast live by [[NBC]] every June from [[Subaru Park]] in the [[Delaware Valley|Philadelphia metropolitan area]]. Indiana has competed in the CRC on 4 occasions since 2010. IU finished tied for 5th overall in 2015 after going 3–0 in pool play.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goffrugbyreport.com/news/navy-heads-list-surprises-crc|title=Navy Heads List of Surprises in CRC|publisher=Goff Rugby Report|date=2015-05-30}}</ref> The pool play victory over Clemson was the first IU Rugby game played on national television ([[NBCSN]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgl6tQ-iPB4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/zgl6tQ-iPB4 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=2015 USA Sevens Collegiate Rugby on NBCSN - Saturday|last=Rugby Today|date=July 9, 2015|access-date=January 8, 2018|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2017 the Hoosiers reached the CRC semifinal before losing to 5-time champions Cal 29–14.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rugbytoday.com/7s/golden-bears-running-eagles-reunite-final|title=Golden Bears, Running Eagles Reunite in Final|first=Pat|last=Clifton|date=June 4, 2017|website=www.rugbytoday.com|access-date=January 8, 2018|archive-date=January 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109180859/http://www.rugbytoday.com/7s/golden-bears-running-eagles-reunite-final|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The IU Men's Rugby Club has been hailed as the top "true club rugby team" in the country for its victories over programs who offer scholarships or benefit from their athletic departments, including Kutztown, Life, Davenport, and Notre Dame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goffrugbyreport.com/news/men-di-college-rankings-spring-2016-13|title=Men DI College Rankings Spring 2016 #13|date=April 26, 2016|access-date=January 8, 2018}}</ref>

===Women's rugby===
The IU Women's Rugby Club was founded in 1996, and has also represented Indiana University at a high level. In 2014, IU reached the national semifinals of the USA Rugby Women's Collegiate Championship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/sports/college/indiana/2014/12/04/true-hoosiers-story-iu-rugby-final-four/19882879/|title=IU Rugby: Did Cinderella make it to the final dance?|access-date=January 8, 2018}}</ref>

===Women's ice hockey===
Despite having a men's ice hockey team since the late 1960s, the women's team was founded in 2019, and began playing during the 2021–22 season. Their inaugural game was a road trip to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in February, with a full schedule planned for next season. The team plays their home games at the Frank Southern Ice Arena, south of campus in Bloomington.<ref>{{Cite web |last=University |first=Women's Ice Hockey Team-Indiana |title=Women's Ice Hockey at Indiana University |url=https://womenshockeyatiu.com/ |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=womenshockeyatiu.com |language=en}}</ref>

===Men's lacrosse===
The men's lacrosse team competes in the Men's Collegiate Lacrosse Association (MCLA) Division 1. The Hoosiers are a part of the Upper Midwest Lacrosse Conference (UMLC) and compete with Miami Ohio, Michigan State, Purdue, Western Michigan, Illinois, Iowa State, Minnesota, and Nebraska. The Hoosiers previously competed in the Great Rivers Lacrosse Conference (GRLC), and in 2013 were regular season champions for the GRLC D1 East. They finished the season 11–4 with their final loss of the season in the 2013 GRLC Championship game. In 2014, they finished the season 10-4 and won the GRLC conference championship 14–6 against Illinois State, earning a bid to the MCLA tournament, where they lost 18–5 in the first round to top ranked ASU. In 2018, they finished the season 10-3 and went to the conference championship, beating Purdue 8–5, again earning them a bid to the MCLA tournament, where they lost in the first round 12–6 to first ranked Chapman.

==Rivalries==
===Purdue===
{{main|Indiana–Purdue rivalry}}

{{see also|Crimson and Gold Cup|Old Oaken Bucket}}
The [[Purdue Boilermakers]] are the Hoosiers' biggest rival. The [[Purdue University system|Purdue University]]'s campus in [[West Lafayette, Indiana|West Lafayette]] and IU's in Bloomington are the largest in the state of Indiana. Since [[1925 college football season|1925]], the two schools' football teams have competed for the [[Old Oaken Bucket]], with [[Purdue Boilermakers football|Purdue]] currently leading the series 70–36–6. In basketball, IU has 22 [[List of Big Ten Conference men's basketball regular season champions|Big Ten Championships]], second only to [[Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball|Purdue's]] 24. The Boilermakers lead the men's basketball series 115–89. Since the 2001–02 season, IU and Purdue have competed for the [[Indiana National Guard Governor's Cup]]. IU leads the series 14–7–2.

===Kentucky===
{{main|Indiana–Kentucky rivalry}}

IU also has a heated border rivalry with the [[Kentucky Wildcats]]. The annual basketball game between the two often carries national significance as they have combined for 13 national championships. Since 1991, the game has rotated between neutral sites in [[Indianapolis]] and [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]]. This neutrality ended during 2006 when the game was played at [[Rupp Arena]] in [[Lexington, Kentucky]], with the 2007 game played at [[Assembly Hall (Bloomington)|Assembly Hall]] in [[Bloomington, Indiana]]. Basketball games between the Hoosiers and [[Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball|Wildcats]] have at times drawn over 30,000 fans.

===Illinois===
After Purdue, one of the Hoosiers' biggest conference rivals are the [[Illinois Fighting Illini]]. The rivalry is particularly strong with the [[Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball|Illinois men's basketball team]]. The all-time series is currently led by Indiana at 96-94, one of the closest series in the Big Ten. The rivalry has lasted through the ages, from [[Lou Henson]] and [[Bob Knight]] publicly feuding, to [[Kelvin Sampson]] and [[Bruce Weber (basketball)|Bruce Weber]]'s heated interaction in recent years.

In football, the rivalry is less intense but notable because of its status as a previously protected rivalry within the Big Ten, the proximity between the schools, and the history of the series dating back to 1899.

===Michigan State===
{{see also|Indiana–Michigan State football rivalry}}
Indiana has a rivalry with the [[Michigan State Spartans]] which started in 1950. They battle for the [[Indiana–Michigan State football rivalry|Old Brass Spittoon]] in football. [[Michigan State Spartans football|Michigan State]] is leading 49–20–2 with Indiana snapping Michigan State's two-year winning streak in 2020.

==Olympic participation==
Hoosier [[Mark Spitz]] won seven swimming gold medals in at the [[1972 Summer Olympics|1972 Munich Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Swimming at the 1972 Munich Summer Games|url= https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1972/SWI/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200417040446/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1972/SWI/|url-status= dead|archive-date= April 17, 2020|publisher= Sports-Reference.com| access-date= April 18, 2017}}</ref> As of the [[2016 Summer Olympics]], at least 223 athletes and twelve coaches from IU have competed in the Summer Olympics, winning combined 104 medals (55 gold, 17 silver, and 32 bronze).<ref>{{cite web|title=Indiana University Olympians|url=http://iuhoosiers.com/sports/2015/4/1/GEN_2014010159.aspx|publisher= Indiana University Athletics|access-date= April 10, 2018}}</ref>

==Championships==

=== NCAA team championships ===
Indiana has won 24 NCAA team national championships.<ref name="fs.ncaa.org">{{cite web|url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/champs_records_book/Overall.pdf |title=Championships Records Book |publisher=[[NCAA]] |year=2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320185655/http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/champs_records_book/Overall.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 20, 2014 |access-date=May 15, 2015 }}</ref>

*'''Men's (24)'''
**[[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship#Team titles|Basketball]] (5): 1940, 1953, 1976, 1981, 1987
**[[NCAA Men's Division I Cross Country Championship#Team titles|Cross Country]] (3): 1938, 1940, 1942
**[[NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships#Team titles|Outdoor Track & Field]] (1): 1932
**[[NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship#Team titles|Soccer]] (8): 1982, 1983, 1988, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004, 2012
**[[NCAA Men's Division I Swimming and Diving Championships#Team titles|Swimming]] (6): 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973
**[[NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships#Team titles|Wrestling]] (1): 1932

*See also:
**[[List of NCAA schools with the most NCAA Division I championships]]
**[[Big Ten Conference#NCAA national titles|Big Ten Conference NCAA national team championships]]

=== Other national team championships ===
These varsity national team championships were not bestowed by the NCAA:

*'''Men's'''
**[[College Football Playoff|Football (College Football Playoff):]] 2025
*'''Women's'''
**Tennis (AIAW): 1982
**Basketball (WNIT): 2018
*'''Cheerleading Program (6)'''
**Universal Cheerleaders Association National Champions - All Girl Division 1A: 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019
*See also:
**[[List of Big Ten Conference National Championships]]
**[[List of NCAA schools with the most Division I national championships]]

=== National individual championships ===

Indiana University has 163 NCAA individual championships.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/champs_records_book/Overall.pdf|title=Championships Summary Through January 20, 2023|publisher=NCAA|date=2023-01-20|access-date=2023-04-06|archive-date=March 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320185655/http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/champs_records_book/Overall.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

*Men's Swimming & Diving (90)
*Men's Outdoor Track & Field (24)
*Women's Swimming & Diving (16)
*Men's Indoor Track & Field (12)
*Wrestling (11)
*Men's Cross Country (3)
*Women's Cross Country (2)
*Women's Indoor Track & Field (2)
*Women's Outdoor Track & Field (2)
*Men's Gymnastics (1)

===Big Ten regular season championships===

Indiana University has 189 Big Ten regular season championships.

{{colbegin}}
*Men's Swimming & Diving (32): 1961 • 1962 • 1963 • 1964 • 1965 • 1966 • 1967 • 1968 • 1969 • 1970 • 1971 • 1972 • 1973 • 1974 • 1975 • 1976 • 1977 • 1978 • 1979 • 1980 • 1983 • 1984 • 1985 • 2006 • 2017 • 2018 • 2019 • 2022 • 2023 • 2024 • 2025 • 2026
*Men's Basketball (22): 1926(co) • 1928(co) • 1936(co) • 1953 • 1954 • 1957(co) • 1958 • 1967 • 1973 • 1974 • 1975 • 1976 • 1980 • 1981 • 1983 • 1987(co) • 1989 • 1991(co) • 1993 • 2002(co) • 2013 • 2016
*Men's Soccer (19): 1993 • 1994 • 1996 • 1997 • 1998 • 1999 • 2000 • 2001 • 2002 • 2003 • 2004 • 2006 • 2007 • 2010 • 2018 • 2019 • 2021 • 2023(co) • 2024
*Men's Indoor Track & Field (18): 1932 • 1933 • 1941 • 1957 • 1973 • 1974 • 1975 • 1979 • 1980 • 1983 • 1984 • 1985 • 1990 • 1991 • 1992 • 2012 • 2017 • 2020
*Men's Cross Country (14): 1928 • 1929 • 1930 • 1931 • 1932 • 1938 • 1940 • 1942 • 1946(co) • 1967 • 1972 • 1973 • 1980(co) • 2013
*Women's Tennis (13): 1982 • 1983 • 1984 • 1987 • 1988 • 1989 • 1990 • 1991 • 1992 • 1993 • 1994 • 1995 • 1998
*Men's Outdoor Track & Field (12): 1936 • 1941 • 1950 • 1957 • 1970 • 1971 • 1973 • 1974 • 1979 • 1985 • 1990 • 1991
*Wrestling (12): 1914 • 1921 • 1924(co) • 1925(co) • 1931 • 1932(co) • 1933 • 1934 • 1936 • 1939 • 1940 • 1943
*Men's Golf (8): 1962 • 1968 • 1970 • 1973 • 1974 • 1975 • 1991 • 1998
*Women's Golf (7): 1986 • 1987 • 1990 • 1992 • 1995 • 1996 • 1998 • 2024
*Baseball (7): 1925 • 1932 • 1938(co) • 1949(co) • 2013 • 2014 • 2019
*Women's Swimming & Diving (6): 2003 • 2007 • 2009 • 2010 • 2011 • 2019 • 2024
*Men's Tennis (5): 1921 • 1952 • 1953 • 1954 • 1964
*Softball (3): 1983 • 1986 • 1994
*Women's Indoor Track & Field (3): 1988 • 1991 • 2000
*Football (3): 1945 • 1967(co) • 2025
*Women's Cross Country (2): 1989 • 1990
*Women's Outdoor Track & Field (2): 2000 • 2001
*Women's Basketball (2): 1983(co) • 2023
*Women's Soccer (1): 1996
{{colend}}

===Big Ten tournament championships===

Indiana University has 22 Big Ten tournament championships.

*Men's Soccer (16): 1991 • 1992 • 1994 • 1995 (co) • 1996 • 1997 • 1998 • 1999 • 2001 • 2003 • 2006 • 2013 • 2018 • 2019 • 2021 • 2023
*Baseball (4): 1996 • 2009 • 2013 • 2014
*Women's Basketball (1): 2002
*Women's Soccer (1): 1996

=== Other championships ===

Collegiate Water Polo Association Championships (3)
*Water Polo (3): • 2003 • 2011 • 2014

==Notable alumni and former athletes==




'''Baseball'''
{{colbegin}}
*[[Micah Johnson (baseball)|Micah Johnson]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player: [[Chicago White Sox]], [[Los Angeles Dodgers]], [[Atlanta Braves]]
*[[Kyle Schwarber]], 4th overall pick by [[Chicago Cubs]] in [[2014 Major League Baseball draft]], 2013 and 2014 College Baseball All-America Team selections
*[[Sam Travis]], 2nd round pick by [[Boston Red Sox]] in [[2014 Major League Baseball draft]]
*[[Ernie Andres]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player: [[Boston Red Sox]]
*[[Ralph Brickner]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player: [[Boston Red Sox]]
*[[Ted Kluszewski]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player: [[Cincinnati Reds]], [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], [[Chicago White Sox]], [[Los Angeles Angels]]
*[[Mickey Morandini]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player: [[Philadelphia Phillies]], [[Chicago Cubs]]
*[[Kevin Orie]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player: [[Chicago Cubs]], [[Florida Marlins]]
*[[Mike Simon]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player: [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], [[St. Louis Terriers]], [[Brooklyn Tip-Tops]]
*[[John Wehner]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player: [[Pittsburgh Pirates]]
*[[Kevin Mahar]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player: [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]]
*[[Josh Phegley]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player: [[Chicago White Sox]], [[Oakland Athletics]]
*[[Evan Crawford (baseball)|Evan Crawford]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player: [[San Francisco Giants]]
*[[Jake Dunning]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player: [[San Francisco Giants]]
{{colend}}
'''Basketball'''
{{colbegin}}
*[[Steve Alford]], Big Ten MVP, 1987; former [[University of New Mexico]] and [[University of California, Los Angeles]] men's basketball head coach, currently head coach of the [[University of Nevada]], Olympic Gold Medalist
*[[Eric Anderson (basketball, born 1970)|Eric Anderson]], Big Ten Freshman of the Year, 1989
*[[OG Anunoby]], 2017; NBA Champion, NBA player, [[Toronto Raptors]]
*[[Damon Bailey]], Third team [[All-American]], 1994
*[[Armon Bassett]] - basketball player with [[Ironi Ramat Gan]] of Israel
*[[Walt Bellamy]], Basketball Hall of Fame, 1960 Olympic Gold Medalist, NBA 1st overall pick and Rookie of the Year
*[[Kent Benson]], [[Final Four]] MVP, 1976; [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player: [[Milwaukee Bucks]], [[Detroit Pistons]], [[Utah Jazz]], [[Cleveland Cavaliers]]
*[[Kevin "Yogi" Ferrell]], NBA player: [[Brooklyn Nets]], [[Dallas Mavericks]]
*[[Quinn Buckner]] (current Indiana Pacers TV Analyst); 1976 National Champion, NBA Champion, Olympic Gold Medalist
*[[Calbert Cheaney]], Big Ten MVP, 1993; National Player of the Year, 1993; [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player: [[Washington Wizards|Washington Bullets/Wizards]], [[Boston Celtics]], [[Utah Jazz]], [[Golden State Warriors]]
*[[Everett Dean]], head baseball and basketball coach at Indiana University<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoophall.com/hall-of-famers/tag/everett-s-dean |title=Everett S. Dean |publisher=Naismith Memorial Basketball hall of Fame |access-date=October 4, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016012141/http://www.hoophall.com/hall-of-famers/tag/everett-s-dean |archive-date=October 16, 2012 }}</ref>
*[[Steve Downing]], Big Ten MVP, 1973
*[[Jay Edwards (basketball)|Jay Edwards]], Big Ten Freshman of the Year, 1988; first team All-American, 1989
*[[Brian Evans (basketball)|Brian Evans]], Big Ten MVP, 1996; third team All-American, 1996
*[[Dane Fife]], [[Michigan State University]] men's assistant basketball coach
*[[Lawrence Frank]], [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] Head Coach: [[Detroit Pistons]]
*[[Bill Garrett (basketball)|Bill Garrett]] (William Leon Garrett), first African-American player in the Big Ten
*[[Dean Garrett]], Big Ten Newcomer of the Year, 1987
*[[Eric Gordon]], Big Ten Freshman of the Year, 2008; [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player: [[Los Angeles Clippers]], [[New Orleans Hornets]], [[Houston Rockets]]
*[[Greg Graham]], IU guard, 1989–93; former [[Continental Basketball Association]] head coach
*[[A.J. Guyton]], Big Ten MVP, 2000; [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player: [[Chicago Bulls]], [[Golden State Warriors]]
*[[Kirk Haston]], [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player; third team [[All-American]], 2001
*[[Alan Henderson]], [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player: [[Atlanta Hawks]], [[Dallas Mavericks]], [[Cleveland Cavaliers]], [[Philadelphia 76ers]]
*[[Marvin Huffman]], Final Four MVP, 1940
*[[Jared Jeffries]], Big Ten MVP, 2002; [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player: [[Washington Wizards]], [[New York Knicks]], [[Portland Trail Blazers]]
*[[Ted Kitchel]], Third team [[All-American]], 1982
*[[Bobby Leonard]], Basketball Hall of Fame, Second team [[All-American]] 1954, coached [[Indiana Pacers]] to 3 [[American Basketball Association|ABA]] championships
*[[Scott May]], Big Ten MVP, 1975, 1976; [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player: [[Chicago Bulls]], [[Milwaukee Bucks]], [[Detroit Pistons]]
*[[Branch McCracken]], coach
*[[George McGinnis]], Basketball Hall of Fame, 1975 [[American Basketball Association|ABA]] MVP, 3x [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] all-star, college third team [[All-American]], 1971
*[[Victor Oladipo]], consensus first-team All-American, 2013; NBA player, [[Orlando Magic]], [[Oklahoma City Thunder]], [[Indiana Pacers]]
*[[Don Schlundt]], Big Ten MVP, 1953
*[[Keith Smart]], [[Final Four]] MVP,1987; [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] Head Coach: [[Golden State Warriors]], [[Sacramento Kings]]
*[[Isiah Thomas]], Final Four MVP, 1981; [[List of players in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]], NBA player: [[Detroit Pistons]], NBA Head Coach: [[Indiana Pacers]], [[New York Knicks]], NBA General Manager: [[New York Knicks]]
*[[Ray Tolbert]], Big Ten MVP, 1981
*[[Tara VanDerveer]], [[Stanford Cardinal women's basketball|Stanford University]] and 1996 U.S. Olympic women's basketball coach; [[List of coaches in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame|Naismith]] and [[Women's Basketball Hall of Fame|Women's Basketball]] Halls of Fame
*[[D. J. White]], First Team All Big Ten, 2008, Big Ten Player of the Year, 2008, Big Ten Freshmen of the Year, 2005, Freshmen All-American, 2005; [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player: [[Charlotte Bobcats]], [[Boston Celtics]]
*[[Randy Wittman]], Big Ten MVP, 1983; [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player and Head Coach: [[Minnesota Timberwolves]]
*[[Mike Woodson]], Big Ten MVP, 1980; [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player and Head Coach: [[Atlanta Hawks]], [[New York Knicks]]
*[[Bracey Wright]], [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player: [[Minnesota Timberwolves]], [[Israeli Basketball Premier League]]
*[[Cody Zeller]], consensus second-team All-American, 2013; NBA player, [[Charlotte Hornets|Charlotte Bobcats/Hornets]]
{{colend}}
'''Football'''

{{colbegin}}
*[[Tevin Coleman]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Atlanta Falcons]]
*[[Jordan Howard]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Philadelphia Eagles]]
*[[Victor Adeyanju]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[St. Louis Rams]]
*[[Carl Barzilauskas]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[New York Jets]], [[Green Bay Packers]]
*[[Nate Borden]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Dallas Cowboys]], [[Buffalo Bills]]
*[[Cam Cameron]], IU head coach, [[National Football League|NFL]] Head Coach: [[Miami Dolphins]]
*[[John Cannady]], [[National Football League|NFL]] Pro Bowl player: [[New York Giants]]
*[[Z.G. Clevenger]], member of [[College Football Hall of Fame]]
*[[Kris Dielman]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[San Diego Chargers]]
*[[Vaughn Dunbar]], First team All-American, 1991; [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[New Orleans Saints]], [[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
*[[Frank Filchock]], [[National Football League|NFL]] Pro Bowl player
*[[Marcus Floyd]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[New York Jets]], [[Buffalo Bills]], [[Carolina Panthers]]
*[[Trent Green]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[San Diego Chargers]], [[Washington Redskins]], [[St. Louis Rams]], [[Kansas City Chiefs]], [[Miami Dolphins]]; [[Canadian Football League|CFL]] player: [[BC Lions]]
*[[Aaron Halterman]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Houston Texans]]
*[[James Hardy (wide receiver)|James Hardy]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Buffalo Bills]]
*[[Gibran Hamdan]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Miami Dolphins]]
*[[Robert Hoernschemeyer]], [[National Football League|NFL]] Pro Bowl player:
*[[Ben Ishola]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Miami Dolphins]]
*[[Chick Jagade]], [[National Football League|NFL]] Pro Bowl player
*[[Ken Johnson (defensive end, born 1947)|Ken Johnson]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Cincinnati Bengals]]
*[[Herana-Daze Jones]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Cincinnati Bengals]], [[Denver Broncos]], [[New England Patriots]]
*[[Cody Latimer]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Denver Broncos]]
*[[Babe Laufenberg]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[New Orleans Saints]], [[San Diego Chargers]], [[Dallas Cowboys]]
*[[Chris Liwienski]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Minnesota Vikings]], [[Arizona Cardinals]], [[Miami Dolphins]]
*[[Adewale Ogunleye]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Chicago Bears]]
*[[Pete Pihos]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]
*[[Tracy Porter]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[New Orleans Saints]], [[Denver Broncos]], [[Oakland Raiders]], [[Washington Redskins]], [[Chicago Bears]]
*[[Antwaan Randle El]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Pittsburgh Steelers]], [[Washington Redskins]]
*[[Courtney Roby]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[New Orleans Saints]]
*[[Eddie Rucinski]], [[National Football League|NFL]] Pro Bowl player
*[[Lou Saban]], [[American Football League|AFL]] coach
*[[Bob Skoronski]], [[National Football League|NFL]] Pro Bowl player: [[Green Bay Packers]]
*[[Rob Spicer]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[N.Y. Jets]]
*[[Pete Stoyanovich]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Miami Dolphins]], [[Kansas City Chiefs]], [[St. Louis Rams]]
*[[George Taliaferro]], [[All-America Football Conference|AAFC]] and [[National Football League|NFL]] player, first African-American selected in the NFL Draft
*[[Anthony Thompson (American football)|Anthony Thompson]], [[Heisman Trophy]] finalist. [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Phoenix Cardinals]]
*[[Willie Townes]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player: [[Dallas Cowboys]]
*[[Dave Whitsell]], [[National Football League|NFL]] Pro Bowl player
*[[Sam Wyche]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player and coach: [[Cincinnati Bengals]]
{{colend}}

'''Golf'''
*[[Randy Leen]], low amateur, [[1996 U.S. Open (golf)|1996 U.S. Open]]<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://golfweek.com/2002/02/26/leen-looking-for-payday-at-ultimate-game/ |title=Leen looking for payday at Ultimate Game |magazine=Golfweek |first=Larry |last=Ringler |date=February 26, 2002 |access-date=June 15, 2017}}</ref>
*[[Brad Marek]], club pro, made cut at [[2021 PGA Championship]]
*[[Jeff Overton]], [[PGA Tour]] player, member of 2010 USA Ryder Cup team
*[[Shaun Micheel]], [[PGA Tour]] player, winner of the [[2003 PGA Championship]]

'''Mixed Martial Arts'''
*[[Julie Kedzie]], Two-time Hook n' Shoot Tournament Champion, National Karate Champion & fought in first women's MMA match on cable television<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ufc.com/athlete/julie-kedzie|title=Julie Kedzie|date=September 14, 2018}}</ref>
*[[Chris Lytle]] (Sports Management), retired [[mixed martial artist]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Chris Lytle UFC Bio|url=https://www.ufcespanol.com/athlete/chris-lytle|access-date=2014-01-01}}</ref>

'''Soccer'''
{{colbegin}}
*[[Eric Alexander (soccer)|Eric Alexander]], [[Major League Soccer|MLS]] player: [[Portland Timbers]]
*[[Kevin Alston]], MLS player: [[New England Revolution]]
*[[Mike Ambersley]], [[North American Soccer League (2011–2017)|NASL]] player: [[Tampa Bay Rowdies]]
*[[Porfirio Armando Betancourt|Armando Betancourt]], European professional player: [[RC Strasbourg]]; [[Honduras national football team|Honduras National Team]]
*[[Mike Clark (soccer)|Mike Clark]], MLS player: [[Columbus Crew]]
*[[Angelo DiBernardo]], [[North American Soccer League (1968–1984)|NASL]] player: [[New York Cosmos (1971–85)|New York Cosmos]], [[Los Angeles Aztecs]]; [[United States men's national soccer team|US Men's National Team]]
*[[Wendy Dillinger]] ([[Women's United Soccer Association|WUSA]])
*[[Nick Garcia]], MLS player: [[Kansas City Wizards]], [[San Jose Earthquakes]]; US Men's National Team
*[[Ned Grabavoy]], MLS player: [[Los Angeles Galaxy]], Columbus Crew, San Jose Earthquakes Real Salt Lake
*[[Tracy Grose]] (WUSA)
*[[Chris Klein (soccer)|Chris Klein]], MLS player: Kansas City Wizards, [[Real Salt Lake]], Los Angeles Galaxy; US Men's National Team
*[[Aleksey Korol]], MLS player: [[Dallas Burn]], [[Chicago Fire S.C.|Chicago Fire]]
*[[Dema Kovalenko]], MLS player: Chicago Fire, [[D.C. United]], [[New York Red Bulls]], Real Salt Lake, Los Angeles Galaxy
*[[Yuri Lavrinenko]], MLS player: Chicago Fire
*[[Ryan Mack]]
*[[Brian Maisonneuve]], MLS player: Columbus Crew; US Men's National Team
*[[Robert Meschbach]]
*[[Drew Moor]], MLS player: [[FC Dallas]]; US Men's National Team
*[[Lee Nguyen]], MLS player: [[New England Revolution]]
*[[Jay Nolly]], MLS player: Real Salt Lake, D.C. United
*[[Pat Noonan]], MLS player: [[New England Revolution]]; US Men's National Team
*[[Danny O'Rourke (MLS footballer)|Danny O'Rourke]], [[Hermann Trophy]] winner; MLS player: San Jose Earthquakes, New York Red Bulls, Columbus Crew
*[[Brian Plotkin]], MLS player: Chicago Fire
*[[Jacob Peterson (soccer)|Jacob Peterson]], MLS player: [[Colorado Rapids]]
*[[Matt Reiswerg]], [[Cincinnati Riverhawks]], [[Indiana Blast]], [[2005 Maccabiah Games]]
*[[Ken Snow]], Two-time Hermann Trophy winner; US Men's National Team
*[[Juergen Sommer]], [[Premier League]] player: [[Queens Park Rangers]]; US Men's National Team
*[[Kelly Schmedes|Kelly Wilson]] (USA)
*[[Todd Yeagley]], MLS player: Columbus Crew
*[[Jed Zayner]], MLS player: Columbus Crew
*[[Will Bruin]], MLS player: [[Houston Dynamo]]
{{colend}}
'''Swimming and Diving'''
{{colbegin}}
*[[Mark Spitz]], 1968 and 1972 [[1972 Summer Olympics|Olympic gold medalist]] swimmer—1971 Sullivan Award
*[[Lilly King]], [[2016 Olympics|2016 Olympic]] gold medalist
*[[Cody Miller]], [[2016 Olympics|2016 Olympic]] gold medalist
*[[Fred Tyler]], 1972 [[1972 Summer Olympics|Olympic gold medalist]] swimmer
*[[John Kinsella (swimmer)|John Kinsella]], 1968 silver and 1972 [[1972 Summer Olympics|Olympic gold medalist]] swimmer—Sullivan Award winner 1970
*[[Gary Hall, Sr.]], 1968, 1972 and 1976 [[1976 Summer Olympics|Olympic medalist]] swimmer
*[[Lesley Bush]], [[1964 Summer Olympics|Olympic gold medalist]] diver
*[[Jim Montgomery (swimmer)|Jim Montgomery]] (1976 Olympics/3 Gold Medals 100 free, 2 relays )
*[[John Murphy (swimmer)|John Murphy]] (1972 Olympian-gold medalist 400 free relay)
*[[Charlie Hickcox]] (1968 Olympian 3 time gold medalist)
*[[Larry Barbiere]] (1968 Olympian)
*[[Mike Troy]] (1960 Olympian Gold Medalist)
*[[Mike Stamm]] (1972 Olympian Gold & Silver medalist)
*[[Cynthia Potter]], Olympian and inductee to International Swimming & Diving Hall of Fame
*[[Mark Lenzi]] (1992 Olympian Gold Medalist)
*[[Don McKenzie (swimmer)|Don McKenzie]] (1968 Olympian Gold Medalist)
*[[Bob Windle]] (1964 Olympic gold medallist in the 1500 m freestyle for Australia)
{{colend}}
'''Track and field'''
{{main|Indiana Hoosiers track and field}}

*[[Greg Bell (athlete)|Greg Bell]], long jumper
*[[Milt Campbell]], decathlete
*[[Derek Drouin]], high jumper (2013 winner of [[The Bowerman]])
*[[Bob Kennedy (runner)|Bob Kennedy]], long-distance runner
*[[Don Lash]], long-distance runner
*[[Molly Ludlow]], middle-distance runner
*[[David Neville (athlete)|David Neville]], 400 m runner
*[[Rose Richmond]], long jumper
*[[Dave Volz]], pole vaulter
*[[Aarik Wilson]], triple jumper

'''Wrestling'''
*[[Roger Chandler]] - Wrestling team head coach at [[Michigan State University]]
*[[Joe Dubuque]], Two-time NCAA [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] champion.
*[[Angel Escobedo]], NCAA [[Wrestling]] Champion.
*[[Dave Herman (fighter)|Dave Herman]], 2006 NCAA qualifier; [[mixed martial artist]] formerly for the [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]]
*[[Jason Jordan (wrestler)|Nathan Everhart]], Three-time NCAA national qualifier; professional wrestler

'''Water Polo'''
*[[Jessica Gaudreault]] - Starting goalkeeper of the Canadian Women's Senior National Team who earned a qualifying bid to the Tokyo Olympics.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{ccat}}
*{{Official website}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080303170325/http://ncaahistory.com/i/14421/indianaperfect.php Stats and Scores from IU's 1976 Perfect Season]
* [https://www.youtube.com/c/HockeyatIndianaUniversity Team's YouTube channel]

{{IUB}}
{{Big Ten Conference navbox}}
{{Mountain Pacific Sports Federation navbox}}
{{Indiana Sports}}

[[Category:Indiana Hoosiers| ]]

Kannappa (film)

2026-03-16T12:01:01Z

Julimye: updated

{{Short description|2025 Indian film by Mukesh Kumar Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Kannappa (film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Mukesh Kumar Singh
| writer = [[Vishnu Manchu]] [[Paruchuri Gopala Krishna]] G. Eshwar Reddy G. Nageswara Reddy Thota Prasad Akella Shiva Prasad Mihir Bhuta
| screenplay =
| story = Vishnu Manchu
| producer = [[Mohan Babu]]
| starring = Vishnu Manchu [[Mohanlal]] [[Prabhas]] [[Akshay Kumar]] [[Kajal Aggarwal]] [[Preity Mukhundhan]] [[Mohan Babu]] [[R. Sarathkumar]] [[Madhoo]]
| cinematography = Sheldon Chau
| editing = [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]
| music = [[Stephen Devassy]]
| studio = {{Ubl|AVA Entertainment|[[24 Frames Factory]]}}
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|2025|6| 27|df=yes}}
| country = [[India]]
| runtime = 182 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: CBFC's Revising Committee passes Kannappa; visuals of dead bodies, beheadings censored; makers voluntarily remove 12 minutes of footage after securing certification |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/exclusive-cbfcs-revising-committee-passes-kannappa-visuals-dead-bodies-beheadings-censored-makers-voluntarily-remove-12-minutes-footage-securing-certification/ |access-date=24 June 2025 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR|200 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajpal |first=Roktim |date=26 June 2025 |title=Kannappa box office target: How much does Vishnu Manchu & Prabhas' Telugu drama need to earn in India to be a hit? |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannappa-box-office-target-how-much-does-vishnu-manchu-prabhas-telugu-drama-need-to-earn-in-india-to-be-a-hit-662200.html |access-date=27 June 2025 |website=[[India Times]] |archive-date=26 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250626145857/https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannappa-box-office-target-how-much-does-vishnu-manchu-prabhas-telugu-drama-need-to-earn-in-india-to-be-a-hit-662200.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|46 crore}}<ref name="Aithagoni">{{Cite web |last=Aithagoni |first=Raju |date=8 July 2025 |title=Kannappa 11 days Collections: `కన్నప్ప` 11 రోజుల కలెక్షన్లు, మంచు విష్ణు హిట్‌ కొట్టాడా? లాభమా నష్టమా? |url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/gallery/entertainment/kannappa-11-days-collections-manchu-vishnu-safe-or-loss-in-telugu-2tdzoou |access-date=10 July 2025 |website=[[Asianet News|Asianet News Telugu]] |language=te |quote=ఈ మూవీ ఇప్పటి వరకు రూ.46కోట్ల(గ్రాస్‌) వసూళ్లని రాబట్టినట్టు సమాచారం |trans-quote=It is reported that this movie has earned Rs. 46 crores (gross) so far}}</ref>
}}
'''''Kannappa''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[epic film|epic]] [[devotional film]] directed by Mukesh Kumar Singh, written by [[Vishnu Manchu]], and produced by [[Mohan Babu]]. It is based on the legend of [[Kannappa]] in [[Hinduism]], a devotee of god [[Shiva]] who sacrificed his eyes. The film stars [[Vishnu Manchu]] in the title role,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vishnu Manchu's dream project Kannappa launched, Mohan Babu to produce |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/vishnu-manchus-dream-project-kannappa-launched-mohan-babu-to-produce/7329b7e907831 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109233239/https://www.ottplay.com/news/vishnu-manchus-dream-project-kannappa-launched-mohan-babu-to-produce/7329b7e907831 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=ottplay.com}}</ref> alongside [[Mohanlal]], [[Prabhas]], [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Kajal Aggarwal]], [[Preity Mukhundhan]], [[Mohan Babu]], [[R. Sarathkumar]], [[Madhoo]], [[Mukesh Rishi]], [[Devaraj]], [[Arpit Ranka]] and [[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-30 |title=Brahmanandam and Sapthagiri's character posters from Kannappa out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Sep/30/brahmanandam-and-sapthagiris-character-posters-from-kannappa-out |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008150340/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Sep/30/brahmanandam-and-sapthagiris-character-posters-from-kannappa-out |archive-date=8 October 2024 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kannappa - Official Telugu Teaser |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/telugu/kannappa-official-teaser/videoshow/111004306.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008150340/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/telugu/kannappa-official-teaser/videoshow/111004306.cms |archive-date=8 October 2024 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

The film was formally launched on 18 August 2023. Principal photography began on 25 September 2023 in [[New Zealand]]. ''Kannappa'' was released in theatres worldwide on 27 June 2025. It received mixed to negative reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2025 |title=Kannappa Movie Review LIVE Updates: Fans call Prabhas, Vijay Shrestha, Mohanlal's cameos 'best part' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/kannappa-movie-review-rating-release-box-office-collection-live-updates-prabhas-vishnu-manchu-mohanlal-akshay-kumar-10091504/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2025 |title='Kannappa' Movie Review and Release Live Updates: Vishnu Manchu delivers a devotional powerhouse with an unforgettable climax |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kannappa-movie-review-release-live-update-prabhas-akshay-kumar-preity-mukhundhan-mohanlal-nayanthara-kannappa-review-and-box-office-collection/liveblog/122101498.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref> The film grossed {{INR|26 crore}} worldwide<ref name="Aithagoni">{{Cite web |last=Aithagoni |first=Raju |date=8 July 2025 |title=Kannappa 11 days Collections: `కన్నప్ప` 11 రోజుల కలెక్షన్లు, మంచు విష్ణు హిట్‌ కొట్టాడా? లాభమా నష్టమా? |url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/gallery/entertainment/kannappa-11-days-collections-manchu-vishnu-safe-or-loss-in-telugu-2tdzoou |access-date=10 July 2025 |website=[[Asianet News|Asianet News Telugu]] |language=te |quote=ఈ మూవీ ఇప్పటి వరకు రూ.46కోట్ల(గ్రాస్‌) వసూళ్లని రాబట్టినట్టు సమాచారం |trans-quote=It is reported that this movie has earned Rs. 26 crores (gross) so far}}</ref> and emerged as a box-office flop.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=BH |date=22 July 2025 |title=Vishnu Manchu's Kannappa to arrive on OTT sooner than planned? |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Jul/22/vishnu-manchus-kannappa-to-arrive-on-ott-sooner-than-planned |access-date=23 July 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Thinnadu, a brave but skeptical tribal hunter, is exiled after a conflict among clans. He falls in love with Nemali, who belongs to an opposing tribe, sparking political and spiritual tension. When the sacred a divine air-powered Shiva Lingam va Lingam is threatened by greedy forces, Thinnadu embarks on a soul-stirring quest of faith and courage. Guided by mystical encounters with divine manifestations of Shiva, including Kirata and Rudra, he transcends his mortal limitations. In a transcendent climax of devotion, Thinnadu selflessly offers his eyes to the Lingam, receiving divine forgiveness. He emerges as Kannappa, a devotional icon who unites the divided tribes and preserves sacred tradition.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Vishnu Manchu]] in a dual role as
**Thinnadu / [[Kannappa]]
***Avram Bhaktha Manchu as Young Thinnadu
**[[Arjuna]]
* [[Mohanlal]] as [[Kirata]], an avatar of Lord [[Shiva|Siva]]
* [[Prabhas]] as [[Rudra]]
* [[Akshay Kumar|Akshay Kumar]] as Lord [[Shiva]]
* [[Kajal Aggarwal]] as Goddess [[Parvati]]
* [[Preity Mukhundhan]] as Nemali
* [[Mohan Babu]] as Mahadeva Sastri
* [[R. Sarathkumar]] as Nathanathudu
* [[Madhoo]] as Pannaga
* [[Mukesh Rishi]] as Kampadu
* [[Brahmaji]] as Gavvaraju
* [[Kanneganti Brahmanandam]] as Pilaka
* [[Raghu Babu]] as Mallayya
* [[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran]] as Maremma
* [[Devaraj]] as Mundadu
* Lavi Pajni as Bebbuli
* Satwika Jampa as Shivangi
* [[Siva Balaji]] as Kumara Deva Sastri
* [[Arpit Ranka]] as Kala Mukha
* [[Sampath Ram]] as Chandudu
* [[Kaushal Prasad Manda]] as Maali
* Surekha Vani as Nagamalli
* [[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]] as Gilaka
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The film, based on the legend of [[Kannappa]]—a devotee of god [[Shiva]]—took nearly a decade to materialize. In December 2013, actor, screenwriter and director [[Tanikella Bharani]] told the media that he was working on the pre-production of a 14th-century period drama film titled ''Bhaktha Kannappa'', with [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] cast in the title role.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 December 2013 |title=Sunil will do justice in 'Bhaktha Kannappa': Bharani |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/sunil-will-do-justice-in-bhaktha-kannappa-bharani-113121600278_1.html |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> In June 2015, actor-producer [[Vishnu Manchu]] announced that his production company, [[24 Frames Factory]], would partner with an American company to produce a film titled ''Kannappa Katha'', with Bharani attached as director.<ref>{{Cite news |last=The Hans India |date=16 June 2015 |title=Vishnu Manchu to produce Bharani's Kannappa Katha |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2015-06-16/Vishnu-Manchu-to-produce-Bharanis-Kannappa-Katha/157427 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109233240/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2015-06-16/Vishnu-Manchu-to-produce-Bharanis-Kannappa-Katha/157427 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref> According to reports, Bharani sold his screenplay of ''Bhaktha Kannappa'' to Manchu after years of trying to find a producer. Manchu then brought in additional writers to revise and adapt the script as needed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=The Hans India |date=7 February 2018 |title=70 Crore For Manchu Vishnu's Kannappa |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-02-07/70-Crore-For-Manchu-Vishnus-Kannappa/357160 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109233239/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-02-07/70-Crore-For-Manchu-Vishnus-Kannappa/357160 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref> According to Manchu, the decision to move forward with the film was made in January 2023.<ref name="THRI2">{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=Sruthi Ganapathy |date=26 June 2025 |title=Vishnu Manchu: Lord Shiva Chose Me To Tell The Story of 'Kannappa' to This Generation |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/vishnu-manchu-on-how-lord-shiva-chose-him-to-tell-the-story-of-kannappa-to-this-generation |access-date=26 June 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]] |archive-date=25 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625103033/https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/vishnu-manchu-on-how-lord-shiva-chose-him-to-tell-the-story-of-kannappa-to-this-generation |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Kannappa'' was officially launched with a [[Puja (Hinduism)|pooja]] ceremony on 18 August 2023 at [[Srikalahasteeswara temple]] in [[Srikalahasti]]. Mukesh Kumar Singh, known for directing ''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' (2013) on [[Star Plus]], was brought on board as the director. The film was produced by Vishnu's father, [[Mohan Babu]], under the companies [[24 Frames Factory]] and AVA Entertainments.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 August 2023 |title=Vishnu Manchu's dream project Kannappa gets a formal launch |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/vishnu-manchus-dream-project-kanappa-gets-a-formal-launch.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109233239/https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/vishnu-manchus-dream-project-kanappa-gets-a-formal-launch.html |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=21 September 2023 |work=[[123telugu.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 August 2023 |script-title=te:Vishnu Manchu - Kannappa Movie : కాళహస్తిలో 'కన్నప్ప'ను ప్రారంభించిన విష్ణు మంచు - హీరోయిన్, దర్శకుడు ఎవరంటే? |trans-title=Vishnu Manchu – Kannappa Movie: Vishnu Manchu launches 'Kannappa' in Kalahasti – Who is the heroine and director? |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/cinema/vishnu-manchu-announces-his-dream-project-kannappa-in-mahabharat-series-fame-mukesh-kumar-singh-direction-111127 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819034717/https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/cinema/vishnu-manchu-announces-his-dream-project-kannappa-in-mahabharat-series-fame-mukesh-kumar-singh-direction-111127 |archive-date=19 August 2023 |access-date=21 September 2023 |work=[[ABP News]] |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 August 2023 |script-title=te:Manchu Vishnu - Kannappa: సీరియల్ డైరెక్టర్‌తో తన డ్రీమ్ ప్యాన్ ఇండియా ప్రాజెక్ట్‌ను ప్రకటించిన మంచు విష్ణు.. శ్రీకాళహస్తిలో ప్రారంభం |trans-title=Manchu Vishnu - Kannappa: Manchu Vishnu announces his dream pan India project with serial director Starting in Srikalahasti. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/manchu-vishnu-pan-india-project-kannappa-kick-starts-today-with-pooja-ceremony-at-sri-kalahasti-temple-ta-2052964.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826171149/https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/manchu-vishnu-pan-india-project-kannappa-kick-starts-today-with-pooja-ceremony-at-sri-kalahasti-temple-ta-2052964.html |archive-date=26 August 2023 |access-date=21 September 2023 |work=[[Network18 Group]] |language=te}}</ref> At the time of the launch, the story was reported to be developed by [[Paruchuri Gopala Krishna]], Thota Prasad, [[Sainath Thotapalli]], and [[Sai Madhav Burra]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 August 2023 |title=Vishnu Manchu Announces His Dream Project “Kannappa - A True Epic Indian Tale |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/uploads/2023/epaper/august/vijayawada-english-edition-2023-08-19.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109233238/https://www.dailypioneer.com/uploads/2023/epaper/august/vijayawada-english-edition-2023-08-19.pdf |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=19 August 2023 |work=[[The Pioneer (India)]]}}</ref> In September, Manchu stated that Parachuri, Thota, Thotapalli, [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]], [[G. Nageswara Reddy]], and G. Eshwar Reddy were "instrumental in developing a script".<ref name="IANS">{{Cite news |last=IANS |date=30 September 2023 |title=Vishnu Manchu confirms Superstar Mohanlal joining the cast of 'Kannappa' |url=https://ianslive.in/vishnu-manchu-confirms-mohanlal-joining-the-cast-of-kannappa--20230930151204 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109233240/https://ianslive.in/vishnu-manchu-confirms-mohanlal-joining-the-cast-of-kannappa--20230930151204 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref> In the film's first-look poster, Manchu is listed as the writer, while the "story development" credits were attributed to Paruchuri Gopala Krishna, Eshwar Reddy, G. Nageswara Reddy, and Thota Prasad. The story is set in the second century CE.<ref name="variety">{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=23 November 2023 |title='Lord of the Rings' Vision Revealed by Vishnu Manchu for 'Kannappa,' Featuring Mohanlal, Prabhas, Akshay Kumar and Shiva Rajkumar (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/prabhas-mohanlal-shiva-rajkumar-vishnu-manchu-kannappa-lord-of-the-rings-1235805312/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123040050/https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/prabhas-mohanlal-shiva-rajkumar-vishnu-manchu-kannappa-lord-of-the-rings-1235805312/ |archive-date=23 November 2023 |access-date=23 November 2023 |publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> To make the dialogues more accessible to contemporary audiences, Manchu chose to avoid using chaste Telugu dialect.<ref name="THRI1" />

=== Casting ===
Vishnu Manchu plays the title role of [[Kannappa]], a devotee of god [[Shiva]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 August 2023 |title=Pics: Manchu Vishnu kicks off & Kannappa with grand pooja ceremony |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pics-manchu-vishnu-kicks-off-kannappa-with-grand-pooja-ceremony/articleshow/102874363.cms |access-date=21 September 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In July 2019, reports suggested that [[Kajal Aggarwal]] has been cast in the female lead.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Times News Network |date=2 July 2019 |title=Kajal Aggarwal roped in for Vishnu Manchu's ambitious bilingual project Bhakta Kannappa? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kajal-aggarwal-roped-in-for-vishnu-manchus-ambitious-bilingual-project-bhakta-kannappa/articleshow/70039996.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123104802/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kajal-aggarwal-roped-in-for-vishnu-manchus-ambitious-bilingual-project-bhakta-kannappa/articleshow/70039996.cms |archive-date=23 November 2023 |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> However, at the film's official launch in August 2023, [[Nupur Sanon]] was confirmed for the role instead.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Prakash |first=BVS |date=18 August 2023 |title=Vishnu Manchu Begins His Dream Project Kannappa |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/180823/vishnu-manchu-begins-his-dream-project-kannappa.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819125653/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/180823/vishnu-manchu-begins-his-dream-project-kannappa.html |archive-date=19 August 2023 |access-date=19 August 2023 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> She later exited the project in September 2023 due to scheduling conflicts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prakash |first=B. V. S. |date=22 September 2023 |title=Nupur Sanon walks out of Kannappa |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/220923/nupur-sanon-walks-out-of-kannappa.html |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> [[Preity Mukhundhan]] was subsequently announced as her replacement, marking her second Telugu film after ''[[Om Bheem Bush]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 December 2023 |title=Preity Mukhundhan joins the cast of Vishnu Manchu's Kannappa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/preity-mukhundhan-joins-the-cast-of-vishnu-manchus-kannappa/articleshow/106010516.cms?from=mdr |access-date=21 September 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The cast also includes [[Mohan Babu]] as Mahadeva Shastri, [[R. Sarathkumar]] as Nathanathudu, and [[Madhoo]] as Pannaga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Entertainment Desk |date=25 November 2024 |title=Vishnu Manchu's ambitious mythological drama Kannappa gets release date |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/vishnu-manchus-ambitious-kannappa-gets-release-date-9689442/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=6 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206113608/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/vishnu-manchus-ambitious-kannappa-gets-release-date-9689442/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2023, [[Mohanlal]] and [[Prabhas]] were confirmed to appear in undisclosed cameo roles.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Entertainment desk |date=30 September 2023 |title=After Mohanlal, Prabhas comes on board Vishnu Manchu's pan-Indian film Kannappa |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/mohanlal-comes-on-board-vishnu-manchu-kannappa-prabhas-8963044/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521115508/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/mohanlal-comes-on-board-vishnu-manchu-kannappa-prabhas-8963044/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Nayanthara]] was reportedly in talks to play [[Parvathi]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=K. |first=Janaki |date=26 September 2023 |title=Prabhas, Nayanthara to reunite for Vishnu Manchu's 'Kannappa': Reports |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-nayanthara-to-reunite-for-vishnu-manchus-kannappa-reports-2440504-2023-09-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001195631/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-nayanthara-to-reunite-for-vishnu-manchus-kannappa-reports-2440504-2023-09-26 |archive-date=1 October 2023 |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> But the role eventually went to Aggarwal. Mohanlal and Prabhas were later revealed to be portraying Kirata and Rudra, respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Entertainment Desk |date=25 June 2025 |title=Kannappa's star-studded cast: Mohanlal, Prabhas, Akshay Kumar play whom? |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/kannappa-s-star-studded-cast-prabhas-mohanlal-akshay-kumar-play-whom-article-13178537.html |access-date=26 June 2025 |work=[[Moneycontrol]]}}</ref> According to Manchu, both actors—longtime friends of his family—agreed to join the film out of "love and respect" for his father, Babu, and declined any remuneration for their appearances. [[Akshay Kumar]] was cast as Lord Shiva, marking his second portrayal of the god after ''[[OMG 2]]'' (2023).<ref name="THRI1">{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=21 February 2025 |title=Vishnu Manchu on 'Kannappa': Mohanlal and Prabhas Did Not Charge a Penny for the Film |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/vishnu-manchu-on-kannappa-prabhas-and-mohanlal-did-not-charge-a-penny-for-the-film |access-date=26 June 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]] |archive-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507082128/https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/vishnu-manchu-on-kannappa-prabhas-and-mohanlal-did-not-charge-a-penny-for-the-film |url-status=live }}</ref> Manchu had envisioned Kumar in the role while writing the script, but Kumar initially declined the offer twice. It was only through the liaisoning of [[Sudha Kongara]], who was directing Kumar in ''[[Sarfira]]'' at the time, that he agreed to take on the part. He also charged "a lot less than his usual fees".<ref name="TIE1">{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Jyoti |date=27 May 2025 |title='Akshay Kumar rejected me twice, had to request Sudha Kongara to convince him,' recalls Kannappa star Vishnu Manchu: 'Couldn't afford his fees' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-rejected-me-twice-had-to-request-sudha-kongara-to-convince-him-recalls-kannappa-star-vishnu-manchu-couldnt-afford-his-fees-10031294/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=28 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528023111/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-rejected-me-twice-had-to-request-sudha-kongara-to-convince-him-recalls-kannappa-star-vishnu-manchu-couldnt-afford-his-fees-10031294/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Vishnu Manchu went for [[location scouting]] in New Zealand in April 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 April 2019 |title=Vishnu Manchu in New Zealand to scout locations for Kannappa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vishnu-manchu-in-new-zealand-to-scout-locations-for-kannappa/articleshow/68967164.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518121549/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vishnu-manchu-in-new-zealand-to-scout-locations-for-kannappa/articleshow/68967164.cms |archive-date=18 May 2019 |access-date=15 August 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Initially, the crew scouted in Ireland, [[Scotland]], [[Minnesota]], [[Australia]], [[Switzerland]], and Canada in a search for the 2nd century [[worldbuilding]], with unpolluted sky and scenic forests. [[Principal photography]] began on 25 September 2023 in New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news |last=ETimes.in |date=26 September 2023 |title=Manchu Vishnu's 'Kannappa' commences in New Zealand with a 600-member crew; Mohanlal, Prabhas and Nayanthara expected to star in the film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/manchu-vishnus-kannappa-commences-in-new-zealand-prabhas-and-nayanthara-expected-to-star-in-the-film/articleshow/103952664.cms |access-date=23 November 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Filming was temporarily halted in late October after Vishnu sustained an injury while performing a fight sequence, where the blades of a drone made contact with his arm.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 October 2023 |title=Manchu Vishnu injured on the sets of Kannappa in New Zealand |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/301023/vishnu-manchu-injured-while-shooting-kannappa.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030160645/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/301023/vishnu-manchu-injured-while-shooting-kannappa.html |archive-date=30 October 2023 |access-date=30 October 2023 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> In New Zealand, the film was shot in various locations across [[Auckland]], [[Rotorua]], [[Glenorchy, New Zealand|Glenorchy]], [[Wānaka]], [[Lake Pukaki|Pukaki]], and [[Christchurch]]. Reportedly, about 80 percent of the film will be shot in New Zealand. [[Brahmanandam]] completed a 15-day shoot in New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2023 |title=Brahmanandam wraps up key 15-day schedule of 'Kannappa' in New Zealand |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/brahmanandam-wraps-up-key-15-day-schedule-of-kannappa-in-new-zealand/articleshow/105673230.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202070828/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/brahmanandam-wraps-up-key-15-day-schedule-of-kannappa-in-new-zealand/articleshow/105673230.cms |archive-date=2 December 2023 |access-date=2 December 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

The first schedule of filming completed on 23 December 2023, in New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 December 2023 |title='Kannappa' Starring Vishnu Manchu, Mohan Babu Wraps Up 1st Schedule In New Zealand |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-kannappa-starring-vishnu-manchu-mohan-babu-wraps-up-1st-schedule-in-new-zealand-news-338490 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226073403/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-kannappa-starring-vishnu-manchu-mohan-babu-wraps-up-1st-schedule-in-new-zealand-news-338490 |archive-date=26 December 2023 |access-date=26 December 2023 |work=Outlookindia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 December 2023 |title=First schedule shooting of Mohanlal and Vishnu Manchu's 'Kannappa' wrapped up in New Zealand |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/first-schedule-shooting-of-vishnu-manchus-kannappa-wrapped-up-in-new-zealand/articleshow/106246960.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226073404/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/first-schedule-shooting-of-vishnu-manchus-kannappa-wrapped-up-in-new-zealand/articleshow/106246960.cms |archive-date=26 December 2023 |access-date=26 December 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On 28 February 2024, the production team announced that the second schedule has commenced in New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2024 |title=Second schedule of Vishnu Manchu's 'Kannappa' goes on floor in New Zealand- deets inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/second-schedule-of-vishnu-manchus-kannappa-goes-on-floor-in-new-zealand/articleshow/108065468.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229225642/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/second-schedule-of-vishnu-manchus-kannappa-goes-on-floor-in-new-zealand/articleshow/108065468.cms |archive-date=29 February 2024 |access-date=28 February 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Prabhu Deva]] joined as the dance choreographer.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=4 March 2024 |title=Prabhu Deva in Vishnu Manchu's Kannappa sets in New Zealand |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/prabhu-deva-in-vishnu-manchus-kannappa-sets-in-new-zealand-884154 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427211642/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/prabhu-deva-in-vishnu-manchus-kannappa-sets-in-new-zealand-884154 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |access-date=4 March 2024 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> The team then headed to [[Hyderabad]] after wrapping up this schedule. Kumar joined the shoot in April,<ref name="TIE1" /> while Prabhas arrived in May.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-09 |title=Prabhas joins 'Kannappa' shoot, Vishnu Manchu announces with new poster |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-joins-kannappa-shoot-vishnu-manchu-announces-with-new-poster-2537242-2024-05-09 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Both their scenes were shot in [[Ramoji Film City]], Hyderabd.<ref name="TIE1" /> With its last schedule in Ramoji Film City, the entire shoot was wrapped up.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-10 |title=Prabhas begins shooting for Vishnu Manchu's 'Kannappa' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/prabhas-begins-shooting-for-vishnu-manchus-kannappa/article68160642.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> According to Manchu, most of the VFX footage was used for "godly effects", animal sequences, and in the climax.<ref name="THRI1" /> In a pre-release interview, Manchu remarked that India lacks skilled VFX producers and supervisors, admitting that he felt "embarrassed" by the state of VFX workflow witnessed during production.<ref name="THRI2" />

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kannappa
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Stephen Devassy]]
| released = 27 June 2025
| recorded = 2024–2025
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=44|s=18}}
| language = Telugu
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|Hl4PFbbteU8&pp|Kannappa Full Album – Telugu}}
}}
}}

[[Stephen Devassy]] have composed the original score and songs for the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 September 2023 |title=Speculation mounts over Prabhas joining Vishnu Manchu's Kannappa in a pivotal role |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/speculation-mounts-over-prabhas-joining-vishnu-manchus-kannappa-in-a-pivotal-role/articleshow/103555832.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109233238/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/speculation-mounts-over-prabhas-joining-vishnu-manchus-kannappa-in-a-pivotal-role/articleshow/103555832.cms |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=21 September 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Suddala Ashok Teja]], [[Ramajogayya Sastry]], and [[Sri Mani]] were the lyricists for the songs of the film.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Sri-Kala-Hasti
| length1 = 5:51
| lyrics1 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| extra1 = Ariaana Manchu, Viviana Manchu
| title2 = Om Namah Shivaya
| length2 = 2:25
| lyrics2 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra2 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| title3 = Akasha Veedhilo
| note3 = Composed by [[Mani Sharma]]
| length3 = 5:19
| lyrics3 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra3 = [[Hesham Abdul Wahab]], Sahithi Chaganti
| title4 = Hero Clan Entry Song
| length4 = 1:11
| lyrics4 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra4 = [[L. V. Revanth]]
| title5 = Heroine Clan Entry Song
| length5 = 1:01
| lyrics5 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra5 = Aruna Mary George
| title6 = Kampadu Clan Entry Song
| length6 = 1:02
| lyrics6 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra6 = Ramki Velagada
| title7 = Mundudu Clan Entry Song
| length7 = 1:09
| lyrics7 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra7 = Kareemullah
| title8 = Chandudu Clan Entry Song
| length8 = 1:03
| lyrics8 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra8 = Shyam Prasad
| title9 = Kirata Bit Song
| length9 = 0:44
| lyrics9 = Suddala Ashok Teja | extra9 = Harshavardhan Chavali, Sai Charan Bhaskaruni, Bhavani Rakesh, Pavani Vasa, Aditi Bhavaraju, Nayana Nair
| title10 = Rudra Entry Song
| length10 = 1:17
| lyrics10 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra10 = Deepak Blue
| title11 = Alapana
| length11 = 1:27
| lyrics11 = –
| extra11 = Aruna Mary George
| title12 = Love Song
| length12 = 4:14
| lyrics12 = [[Sri Mani]]
| extra12 = L. V. Revanth, Sahithi Chaganti
| title13 = Shiva Shiva Shankara
| length13 = 5:42
| lyrics13 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra13 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| title14 = Ye Devudu Kanaledhura
| length14 = 2:52
| lyrics14 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra14 = Shankar Mahadevan
| title15 = Mother Theme
| length15 = 1:01
| lyrics15 = –
| extra15 = Sindhuja Srinivasa
| title16 = Shiva Theme
| length16 = 1:32
| lyrics16 = –
| extra16 = Dasari Meghana Naidu, Sai Deva Harsha, Sudarshanam
| title17 = War Song
| length17 = 3:55
| lyrics17 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra17 = Saicharan Bhaskaruni
| title18 = Kannappa Theme
| length18 = 1:08
| lyrics18 = [[Instrumental]]
| extra18 = –
| title19 = Kannappa Theme Music - 2
| length19 = 1:29
| lyrics19 = Instrumental
| extra19 = –
| total_length = 44:18
}}

== Release ==
The film was originally scheduled to release on 25 April 2025 in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and dubbed versions of [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]] languages,<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2024 |title=Mohanlal and Vishnu Manchu's mythological film Kannappa to release in April 2025 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vishnu-manchus-mythological-film-kannappa-to-release-in-april-2025-2639610-2024-11-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208171356/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vishnu-manchus-mythological-film-kannappa-to-release-in-april-2025-2639610-2024-11-25 |archive-date=8 December 2024 |access-date=8 December 2024 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> However it was delayed due to VFX enhancement and post-production issues and was later released on 27 June 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2025 |title=Kannappa new release date: Here's when Vishnu Manchu's film with Prabhas, Akshay Kumar, Mohanlal will be released |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kannappa-new-release-date-heres-when-vishnu-manchus-film-with-prabhas-akshay-kumar-mohanlal-will-be-released-101744199709208.html |access-date=27 May 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> On 27 May 2025, [[24 Frames Factory]] released an official statement alleging 'Sabotage and personal vendetta', as a hard drive of the film containing footage of action sequence and critical [[Visual effects|VFX]] work was stolen during transit.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2025 |title=Vishnu Manchu's production house claims 'sabotage, personal vendetta' behind Kannappa's stolen hard drive: 'No secret who orchestrated this' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/vishnu-manchus-production-house-claims-sabotage-personal-vendetta-behind-kannappas-stolen-hard-drive-10032302/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528054849/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/vishnu-manchus-production-house-claims-sabotage-personal-vendetta-behind-kannappas-stolen-hard-drive-10032302/ |archive-date=28 May 2025 |access-date=27 May 2025 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

=== Marketing ===
At [[2024 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes 2024]], following their participation in the premiere of ''[[Horizon: An American Saga – Chapter 1]]'', the makers unveiled their film's teaser, which received an appreciative round of applause.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-21 |title=Mohanlal starrer Kannappa teaser received overwhelmingly positive response at Cannes: Vishnu Manchu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/kannappa-teaser-received-overwhelmingly-positive-response-at-cannes-vishnu-manchu-9342628 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523180233/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/kannappa-teaser-received-overwhelmingly-positive-response-at-cannes-vishnu-manchu-9342628/ |archive-date=23 May 2024 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film began streaming on [[Amazon Prime Video]] from 4 September 2025.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=4 September 2025 |title=Prabhas And Akshay Kumar’s Kannappa Is Now Available On THIS OTT Platform |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/telugu-cinema/prabhas-and-akshay-kumars-kannappa-is-now-available-on-this-ott-platform-aa-9548844.html |publisher=News18}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
The film has received mixed reviews overall.

''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' rated the film with three-out-of-five stars and wrote "On the whole, Kannappa triumphs largely due to its mythological appeal and a goosebumps-inducing final 20 minutes.[...] While the film’s lengthy runtime and the relatively low pre-release buzz in the Hindi belt are minor drawbacks, the film holds the potential to surprise, provided it garners strong word of mouth."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2025-06-27 |title=Kannappa Movie Review: KANNAPPA triumphs with its mythological appeal |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kannappa/critic-review/kannappa-movie-review/kannappa-triumphs-with-its-mythological-appeal/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |language=en}}</ref> Paul Nicodemus of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Directed by Mukesh Kumar Singh, Kannappa is a sincere attempt at retelling revered lore with visual grandeur. [...] While the film hits the dramatic notes effectively, some of the emotional layers, particularly around Thinnadu’s inner conflict and relationships, could have been explored with more depth."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kannappa Movie Review: Visually striking devotional epic with an emotionally charged climax |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/kannappa/movie-review/122109959.cms |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=28 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628054642/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/kannappa/movie-review/122109959.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Kirubhakar Purushothaman of ''[[News 18]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "While the core story of Kannappa occupies only about one-third of the film’s runtime, the war and the romance take up the rest. There is a lot in Kannappa that echoes SS Rajamouli’s [[Baahubali (franchise)|Baahubali]]. [...] With such decent performances, the film could’ve relied more on visuals and trimmed down the long monologues that feel like straight lifts from past iterations of the story."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kannappa Review: Vishnu Manchu's Visually Rich Tale Of Relentless Faith Lacks Emotional Restraint |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/reviews/kannappa-movie-review-and-rating-vishnu-manchu-prabhas-akshay-kumar-mohanlal-visually-rich-tale-of-relentless-faith-lacks-emotional-restraint-ws-l-9408216.html |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Rishil Jogani of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "The devotional tale has a stirring climax but is hampered by a slow first half, weak visual effects, and uneven storytelling. It shall appeal to Shiva devotees but the lacklustre pacing and the shallow subplots will not let the content fly beyond its limited target audience."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-27 |title=Kannappa Review: Vishnu Manchu and Preity Mukhundhan's slow-paced film boasts star power but lacks proper conflict and technical finesse |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/kannappa-review-vishnu-manchu-and-preity-mukhundhans-slow-paced-film-boasts-star-power-but-lacks-proper-conflict-and-technical-finesse-1392383 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

Sanjay Ponnappa of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Kannappa falters when it comes to direction, screenplay, and execution. [...] Kannappa has its fair share of drawbacks, but from a devotional perspective, it manages to tap into the right emotions by the end."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-27 |title=Kannappa review: Prabhas shines in a legendary tale that misses its soul |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/kannappa-review-prabhas-shines-in-a-legendary-tale-that-misses-its-soul-vishnu-manchu-akshay-kumar-2747097-2025-06-27 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Swaroop Kodur of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Kannappa remains incoherent for most parts, and the disjointed storytelling leaves a lasting dent in it. If the unimaginative world-building, compounded by some high-level hammy acting, becomes its chief shortcoming then the lack of narrative urgency damages things further."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-27 |title=Kannappa movie review: Vishnu Manchu's ambition cannot fully save this tediously long saga |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kannappa-review-vishnu-manchus-ambition-cannot-save-tediously-long-saga-10092229/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Aditya Devulapally of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "Kannappa is less about Shiva and more about the makers trying very hard to mount a legacy project. [...] What could have been a compelling modern retelling of faith and transformation becomes a bloated star showcase dressed in mythological cosplay."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devulapally |first=Aditya |date=2025-06-27 |title=Kannappa movie review: A messy epic where devotion arrives too late |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2025/Jun/27/kannappa-movie-review-a-messy-epic-where-devotion-arrives-too-late |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "''Kannappa'' had a moving legend to build upon — a tale of unwavering faith and sacrifice. But what it needed was not more star power or visual gloss, but storytelling rooted in emotional clarity and cultural texture. In striving for grandeur, it forgets to tell the story that matters."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Kannappa movie review: Barring a few moments, this grand retelling of a devotional tale lacks soul |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kannappa-movie-review-vishnu-manchus-telugu-film-stars-prabhas-mohanlal-and-mohan-babu-in-extended-cameos/article69743897.ece |access-date=2025-06-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
After eleven days of its release, the film has grossed {{Indian rupee|55 crore}} worldwide.<ref name="Aithagoni">{{Cite web |last=Aithagoni |first=Raju |date=8 July 2025 |title=Kannappa 11 days Collections: `కన్నప్ప` 11 రోజుల కలెక్షన్లు, మంచు విష్ణు హిట్‌ కొట్టాడా? లాభమా నష్టమా? |url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/gallery/entertainment/kannappa-11-days-collections-manchu-vishnu-safe-or-loss-in-telugu-2tdzoou |access-date=10 July 2025 |website=[[Asianet News|Asianet News Telugu]] |language=te |quote=ఈ మూవీ ఇప్పటి వరకు రూ.46కోట్ల(గ్రాస్‌) వసూళ్లని రాబట్టినట్టు సమాచారం |trans-quote=It is reported that this movie has earned Rs. 26 crores (gross) so far}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|5306972}}

[[Category:Indian historical fantasy films]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]
[[Category:Films shot in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Films about religious leaders]]
[[Category:Shiva in art]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tirupati]]
[[Category:Films set in Tirupati]]
[[Category:Films set in the 2nd century]]
[[Category:Films set in ancient India]]
[[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian folklore]]
[[Category:Films based on Asian myths and legends]]
[[Category:Hindu devotional films]]

Mirem Village

2026-03-15T17:24:11Z

Julimye: put up a place v1!

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mirem Village
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| official_name = [[Village]] of [[East Siang]]
| motto = To lead the darkness into light
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[East Siang]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1960
| government_type = [[District Councils of India|ZPM]], [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_title = [[District Councils of India|ZPM]]
| leader_name =
| leader_party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name1 = [[Tatung Jamoh]] & [[Tangor Tapak]]
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_name2 = [[Ninong Ering]] & [[Tapir Gao]]
| unit_pref =
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| coordinates = {{coord|27|57|24|N|95|12|14|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| timezone =
| utc_offset = −5
| timezone_DST =
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| website = {{url|http://www.eastsiang.nicin}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mirem Village''' is a village situated under the Bilat Circle Block of [[East Siang]] District, [[Arunachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arunachaltimes.in/jul12%2007.html |title=Heavy rains leave trails of damages at Mirem |date=6 July 2012 |newspaper=The Arunachal Times |access-date=1 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101104045/http://www.arunachaltimes.in/jul12%2007.html |archive-date=1 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arunachaltimes.in/wordpress/2014/09/24/siang-tea-provides-training-to-rural-craftswomen |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141026114608/http://www.arunachaltimes.in/wordpress/2014/09/24/siang-tea-provides-training-to-rural-craftswomen |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 October 2014 |title=Siang Tea provides training to rural craftswomen |date=23 September 2014 |newspaper=The Arunachal Times |access-date=1 November 2016 }}</ref> It is the second largest village of East Siang District after [[Riga Village]]. The Village has given its name after the amazing God gifted water spring in the village.{{fact|date=August 2018}} The word ''Mirem'' in [[Adi language]] means 'rich', it means that the village has a huge water spring.{{fact|date=August 2018}}

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Villages in East Siang district]]
{{East Siang District}}

Shamna Kasim

2026-03-15T14:54:51Z

Julimye: adjusted citations further and added references for clarity

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Indian name|Shamna|Kasim}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shamna Kasim
| image = Actress Poorna.jpg
| caption = Shamna in 2019
| birth_name = Shamna Kasim
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Thayyil]], [[Kannur]], [[Kerala]], India
| othername = Poorna<ref name=manoramaonline1>[https://archive.today/20140709181522/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=16524335&programId=7940879&BV_ID=@@@&channelId=-1073882402&tabId=20 Manorama Online] Retrieved 8 July 2014.</ref>{{cbignore}}
| occupation = Actress, dancer
| yearsactive = 2004–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Shanid Asif Ali|2022}}<ref name="Actress Shamna Kasim ties the knot with businessman beau; Drops sneak peek from her dreamy wedding">{{cite news |title=Actress Shamna Kasim ties the knot with businessman beau; Drops sneak peek from her dreamy wedding |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/actress-shamna-kasim-ties-the-knot-with-businessman-beau-drops-sneak-peek-from-her-dreamy-wedding-1196246 |access-date=25 October 2022 |work= |date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025183625/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/actress-shamna-kasim-ties-the-knot-with-businessman-beau-drops-sneak-peek-from-her-dreamy-wedding-1196246 |archive-date=25 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

'''Shamna Kasim''', also known by her stage name '''Poorna''' is an Indian actress, dancer, and model, who appears in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]], [[Telugu cinema |Telugu]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Kannada]] films.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/305464 |title=ചട്ടക്കാരി മനസ്സുതുറക്കുന്നു |website=mathrubhumi.com |date=28 September 2012 |access-date=15 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215014017/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/305464 |archive-date=15 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Early life==

She was born in Kannur to a Malayalee couple Kasim and Ramla. She has done her schooling from St. Teresas Anglo-Indian Higher Secondary School in Kannur after shifting from Ursuline Senior Secondary School. She shifted her school to concentrate more on her dancing skills.<ref>[http://malayalamemagazine.com/shamna-kassim/ തെന്നിന്ത്യയുടെ പൂർണയായി മലയാളത്തിന്റെ സ്വന്തം ഷംന കാസിം | മലയാളം ഇ മാഗസിൻ.കോം] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103092103/http://malayalamemagazine.com/shamna-kassim/ |date=3 January 2015 }}. Malayalam Online magazine (12 January 2013).</ref>

She resides in [[Kochi]], Kerala.<ref name="manoramaonline1"/>

==Career==

=== 2004–2011: Early struggle===

She made her acting debut in the 2004 Malayalam film ''[[Manju Poloru Penkutty]]''. She played her first major role in her debut Telugu film ''[[Sri Mahalakshmi]]'' (2007), while playing the lead female character in her first Tamil film, ''[[Muniyandi Vilangial Moonramandu]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/06/01/actor-shamna-kasim-businessman-shanidh-asif-ali.html/1000|title = Actor Shamna Kasim gets engaged to businessman Shanid Asif Ali, shares pics}}</ref>

Her biggest hit came with ''[[Jhossh]]'' (2009), a Kannada movie that completed 100 days in the theatres. She has starred in several Tamil films including ''[[Kodaikanal (film)|Kodaikanal]]'' (2008), ''[[Kandhakottai]]'' (2009), ''[[Drohi (2010 film)|Drohi]]'' (2010), ''[[Aadu Puli]]'' (2011), ''[[Vellore Maavattam]]'' (2011) and ''[[Vithagan]]'' (2011).

=== 2012–2016: Experimental roles and television ===

She is best known for her Malayalam movies ''[[Chattakkari (2012 film)|Chattakkari]]'' (2012), ''[[Aaru Sundarimaarude Katha]]'' (2013) and ''[[Mili (2015 film)|Mili]]'' (2015).

Kasim appeared in a series of films where she portrayed a [[ghost]], with ''[[The Hindu]]'' labelling her as "the ghost queen of South films".<ref name="variety">[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/search-for-variety-poorna/article7903736.ece?secpage=true&secname=entertainment Search for variety: Poorna]. The Hindu (21 November 2015). Retrieved 30 December 2015.</ref> She essayed the lead role in ''[[Avunu (film)|Avunu]]'' (2012) and the sequel ''[[Avunu 2]]'' (2015) that were successful at the box office. In this brief period of time, she turned down several similar scripts, before acting as a ghost again in ''[[Raju Gari Gadhi]]'' (2015), which became a hit at the box office.<ref name="variety" />

She extended her appearance from silver screen to numerous Television projects in Telugu and Malayalam, particularly as a Judge in dance reality shows that bought her closer to the audiences. In 2016, she was cast in Telugu comedy ''[[Jayammu Nischayammu Raa (2016 film)|Jayammu Nischayammu Raa]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/jayammu-nischayammu-ra-is-all-set-for-release/articleshow/55311492.cms|title =Jayammu Nischayammu Ra is all set for release|newspaper =The Times of India|date =8 November 2016}}</ref>

=== 2017–present ===
Shamna shaved her head completely bald for her role in the ''[[Kodiveeran]]'' (2017), but the movie met with average reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Didn't mind shaving head for 'Kodi Veeran': Poorna |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/aug/19/didnt-mind-shaving-head-for-kodi-veeran-poorna-1645347.html |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=The New Indian Express|date=19 August 2017 }}</ref>

She has also done a lot of Malayalam like ''[[Madhura Raja]]'' (2019), ''[[Maarconi Mathaai]]'' (2019) and Telugu films ''[[Akhanda]]'' (2021), ''[[Drushyam 2]]'' (2021), ''[[Dasara (film)|Dasara]]'' (2023) as well. In 2024, she appeared in Tamil horror thriller, ''[[Devil (2024 film)|Devil]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Feb/02/devil-movie-review-this-devil-suffers-from-an-identity-crisis-51710.html|title =Devil Movie Review: This devil suffers from an identity crisis|website =[[Cinema Express]]|date =2 February 2024}}</ref>

== Personal life==
In June 2020, police arrested members of a gang on a complaint lodged by Shamna's mother that they blackmailed her daughter.<ref>{{cite news |title=Four held in Kochi for blackmailing actress Shamna Kasim with marriage proposal |work=Deccan Herald |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/four-held-in-kochi-for-blackmailing-actress-shamna-kasim-with-marriage-proposal-853228.html |access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shamna Kasim blackmail case: Accused had inter-state links, suspect police |work=Mathrubhumi Newspaper |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/crime-beat/shamna-kasim-blackmail-case-accused-had-inter-state-links-suspect-police-1.4863720 |access-date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629071932/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/crime-beat/shamna-kasim-blackmail-case-accused-had-inter-state-links-suspect-police-1.4863720 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Police revealed that the gang locked film actresses in hotel rooms and forced them to accompany as escorts for transporting black money.<ref>{{cite news |title=Police arrest four for blackmailing actor Shamna Kasim |work=The Indian Express Newspaper |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/shamna-kasim-case-police-arrest-four-for-blackmailing-threatening-6475162/ |access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2020/Jul/05/gang-cheated-many-junior-artists-planned-to-con-big-actors-for-amassing-more-money-2165587.html|title=Gang cheated many junior artists, planned to con big actors for amassing more money|first=Arun|last=M|date=5 July 2020|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Shamna Kasim / Poorna film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Manju Poloru Penkutty]]'' || Dhanya || rowspan="6" | [[Malayalam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005 || ''[[Hridayathil Sookshikkan]]'' || rowspan="2" | Model ||
|-
| ''[[Junior Senior (2005 film)|Junior Senior]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2006 || ''[[Pachakuthira]]''|| Raji ||
|-
| ''[[Bhargavacharitham Moonam Khandam]]'' || Radhika ||
|-
| ''[[Ennittum]]'' ||Student ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2007 || ''[[Sri Mahalakshmi]]'' || Sri Mahalakshmi || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| ''[[Ali Bhai]]'' || Kingini || rowspan="3" | Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Flash (2007 film)|Flash]]'' || Machi ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2008 || ''[[College Kumaran]]'' || Sreekutti||
|-
| ''[[Muniyandi Vilangial Moonramandu]]'' || Madhumitha || rowspan="3" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| ''[[Kodaikanal (film)|Kodaikanal]]'' || Brinda ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2009 || ''[[Kandhakottai]]'' || Pooja ||
|-
| ''[[Jhossh]]'' || Meena || [[Kannada]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2010 || ''[[Drohi (2010 film)|Drohi]]'' || Malar || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[9 KK Road]]'' || Rosemary || Malayalam ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2011 || ''[[Aadu Puli]]'' || Anjali Thillainayagam || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Seema Tapakai]]'' || Sathya || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Makaramanju]]'' || model || Malayalam||
|-
| ''[[Vellore Maavattam]]'' ||Priya || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Vithagan]]'' || Mercy ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2012 || ''[[Chattakaari (2012 film)|Chattakaari]]'' || Julie || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Avunu (film)|Avunu]]'' || Mohini || Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2013 || ''[[Aaru Sundarimaarude Katha]]'' || Meena Sreekumar || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Radhan Ganda]]'' || Radha || Kannada ||
|-
| ''[[Jannal Oram]]'' || Nirmala David || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Thagaraaru]]'' || Meenakshi ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2014 || ''[[Laddu Babu]]'' || Maya || rowspan="2" | Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Nuvvala Nenila]]'' || Mahalakshmi ||
|-
| ''[[Rajadhi Raja (2014 film)|Rajadhi Raja]]'' || Dancer|| rowspan="2" | Malayalam || Item Dance in Song "Dhan Than "
|-
| rowspan="6"|2015 || ''[[Mili (2014 film)|Mili]]'' || Renuka ||
|-
| ''[[Avunu 2]]'' || Mohini || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Sakalakala Vallavan (2015 film)|Sakalakala Vallavan]]''|| Dancer || Tamil || rowspan="2" | Special appearance
|-
| ''[[Srimanthudu]]'' || Dancer || rowspan="4" | Telugu
|-
| ''[[Raju Gari Gadhi|Rajugari Gadhi]]'' || Bommali ||
|-
| ''[[Mama Manchu Alludu Kanchu]]''|| Shruthi Naidu ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016 || ''[[Jayammu Nischayammu Raa (2016 film)|Jayammu Nischayammu Raa]]'' || Rani ||
|-
| ''[[Manal Kayiru 2]]'' || Nisha || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Kodiveeran]]'' || Velu ||
|-
| rowspan=6|2018||''[[Savarakathi]]'' || Subhadra ||Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Kuttanadan Blog]]'' || S.I Neena || rowspan="2" | Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Aanakkallan]]'' || Rosy Thomas ||
|-
| ''[[Evanukku Engeyo Matcham Irukku]]'' || S.I Geetha || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Adanga Maru]]'' || Subash's lawyer||
|-
| ''[[Silly Fellows]]'' || Krishnaveni || Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019||''[[Madhura Raja]]''|| Amala|| rowspan="2" | Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Marconi Mathai]]''|| Treesa ||
|-
| ''[[Kaappaan]]'' || Priya Joseph || Tamil ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Lock Up (2020 film)|Lock Up]]''|| Malliga || rowspan=1|Tamil || Released on [[ZEE5]]
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2021 || ''[[Power Play (2021 film)|Power Play]]'' || Poorna || rowspan=2| Telugu ||
|-
| ''Sundari''||Sundari||
|-
| ''[[Thalaivi]]''|| [[V. K. Sasikala]] || Tamil [[Hindi]] ||
|-
| ''[[100 (2021 film)|100]]'' || Anagha || Kannada ||
|-
| ''[[Akhanda]]''|| Padmavathi || rowspan=2 | Telugu ||{{Nom|align=left}}, [[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu]]<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Y Krishna |last1=Jyothi |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/siima-2022-nominees-announced-voting-begins/ |title=SIIMA 2022: Full list of nominees announced, voting begins |work=South First |date=20 August 2022 |accessdate=11 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Drushyam 2]]''|| Adv. Renuka || [[Amazon Prime Video]] release
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022 || ''[[Visithiran]]'' || Stella || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Tees Maar Khan (2022 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]'' || Vasudha || rowspan="5" | Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2023 || ''[[Suvarna Sundari (2023 film)|Suvarna Sundari]]'' || Anjali ||
|-
|''[[Dasara (film)|Dasara]]'' || Vadhinamma ||
|-
| ''[[Ala Ila Ela]]'' || Anu ||
|-
|''[[Asalu]]''
|Vandana
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024 || ''[[Devil (2024 film)|Devil]]'' || Hema || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Guntur Kaaram]]'' || Ramola || rowspan="2" | Telugu || Special appearance in the song "[[Kurchi Madathapetti]]"<ref name="instagram">{{Cite web |last= Kkasim |first=Shamna |date=7 February 2024 |title=Thank u @directortrivikramofficial @urstrulymahesh @sekharmaster for giving me this opportunity to work for this energetic song 🙏❤️ and thank u so so so much each and everyone for this love & support ❤️ some happy moments ❤️ |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C3DONzxhANu/?hl=en |access-date=14 February 2024 |website=Instagram |language=English}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bhimaa]]''|| Kali ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-25 |title='Bhimaa' On Disney+ Hotstar Review: Gopichand Delivers A Massy Performance |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/bhimaa-on-disney-hotstar-review-gopichand-delivers-a-massy-performance-in-a-glossy-yet-oddly-familiar-narrative |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Oru Thee'' || Anu || Tamil|| Released on [[Thanthi One]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUbOvwdiw0Y|title=ஒரே பெண்ணை காதலிக்கும் நாயகனும் அவனது நண்பனும்! நடக்கப்பபோவது என்ன? {{!}} Oru Thee Promo|website=Thanthi One|date=28 August 2024|access-date=6 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Akhanda 2: Thaandavam]]'' || Padmavathi IAS || Telugu ||
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Poorna television credits
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" | Network
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Kannamoochi]]'' || Priya || rowspan="2" |[[Tamil language|Tamil]] || [[ZEE5]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021|| ''[[Navarasa (web series)|Navarasa]]'' || Lakshmi || [[Netflix]]
|-
| ''[[3 Roses (web series)|3 Roses]]'' || Indu || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || [[aha (streaming service)|Aha]]
|}

====Television shows====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Poorna television show credits
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Channel
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
|2019, 2021|| [[Sixth Sense (game show)]]||Participant|| [[Star Maa]] ||[[Telugu language|Telugu]]|| rowspan="2" |Game show
|-
|2021||[[Udan Panam]]||Contestant||Mazhavil Manorama
|Malayalam
|-
|Not specific|| Dhee Telugu (Dance show)||Judge|| [[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]] ||[[Telugu language|Telugu]]|| rowspan="2" |Dance show
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=4486082|name=Poorna}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kasim, Shamna}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kannur]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Dancers from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dancers]]

Midhun Eravil

2026-03-14T19:18:19Z

Julimye: put up some info first draft

{{Short description|Indian cinematographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Midhun Eravil
| image = File:Midhun Eravil.jpg
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| alma_mater =
| birth_place = [[Kasaragod]], [[Kerala]], India
| nationality =
| occupation = [[Cinematographer]]
| spouse =
| children =
| yearsactive = 2021–present
| awards =
}}

'''Midhun Eravil''' is an Indian [[cinematographer]] who works predominantly in the [[Malayalam cinema]] industry. <ref>{{cite news |author=Web Desk|title=ഇന്‍ഡീ വേള്‍ഡ് ഫിലിം ഫെസ്റ്റിവലില്‍ തിളങ്ങി മിഥുന്‍ എരവില്‍|url=https://www.malabarflash.com/2022/07/midun-eravil.html|accessdate=20 September 2024|website=malabarflash.com|language=ml|date=5 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="IWFF">{{cite news |author=Web Desk|title=Indie Film Festival - ഇന്‍ഡീ വേള്‍ഡ് ഫിലിം ഫെസ്റ്റിവലില്‍ തിളങ്ങി കാസര്‍കോട്ടുകാരന്‍ മിഥുന്‍ എരവില്‍|url=https://www.kasargodvartha.com/entertainment/cinema/mithun-eravil-from-kasaragod-shines-athtml/cid13769505.htm|accessdate=20 September 2024|website=kasargodvartha.com|language=ml|date=5 July 2022}}</ref>

==Film career==
The [[Kasaragod]] native made his debut with the 2021 [[documentary film]] [[Thariode]] directed by [[Nirmal Baby Varghese]] about the gold mining history of [[Thariyode]].<ref name="Thariode">{{cite news|author=Web Desk|title=Nirmal Baby Varghese's 'Thariode' now streaming on Amazon Prime|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/nirmal-baby-varghese-s-thariode-now-streaming-on-amazon-prime-1.7898955|accessdate=20 September 2024|publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]]|date=23 September 2022}}</ref> The film found critical acclaim in the festival circuit.<ref name="ThariodeAward">{{cite news|author=Web Desk|title='Thariode' bags best educational programme award at the Kerala State TV Awards|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/-thariode-bags-best-educational-programme-award-at-the-kerala-state-tv-awards-1.5966133|accessdate=20 September 2024|publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]]|date=2 September 2021}}</ref> He made his feature film debut in the 2022 film [[Vazhiye]] which is the first [[Found footage (film technique)|found footage]] movie in the [[Malayalam language]].<ref name="Vazhiye TOI">{{cite news |author=Onmanorama Staff|title=Malayalam flick 'Vazhiye' becomes first Indian film to be selected for the Toronto Indie Horror Fest|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/03/29/malayalam-film-vazhiye-first-indian-film-selected-for-toronto-indie-horror-fest.html|accessdate=20 September 2024|website=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=29 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="Cinema Express">{{cite news |author=|title=Evan Evans to compose Malayalam's first found footage film|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/sep/18/evan-evans-to-compose-malayalams-first-found-footage-film-20310.html|accessdate=20 September 2024|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=18 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Rhythm Zaveri|title=Hollywood Music Director Evan Evans Makes His Indian Debut with "Vazhiye"|url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2020/03/hollywood-music-director-evan-evans-indian-debut/|accessdate=20 September 2024|website=asianmoviepulse.com|date=14 March 2020}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Notes !! {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Thariode]]'' || [[documentary film]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022 || ''[[Vazhiye]]'' || First [[Found footage (film technique)|found footage]] film in Malayalam||<ref name="IWFF"/><ref name="Vazhiye TOI"/>
|-
| ''Keni'' || Produced by [[National Institute of Advanced Studies]]
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Dreadful Chapters]]'' || Directed by [[Nirmal Baby Varghese]] ||<ref>{{cite news|author=|title= Dreadful Chapters: Nirmal Varghese unveils first-look poster of his horror film|url=https://english.madhyamam.com/entertainment/dreadful-chapters-nirmal-varghese-unveils-first-look-poster-of-his-horror-film-1182949|accessdate=20 September 2024|publisher=[[Madhyamam]]|date=19 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Ashwini P|title='ഡ്രെഡ്ഫുള്‍ ചാപ്റ്റേഴ്സ്' ഒടിടിയില്‍; സ്ട്രീമിംഗ് ആരംഭിച്ചു|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/movie-news/dreadful-chapters-in-ott-streaming-has-started/articleshow/113127910.cms|accessdate=20 September 2024| publisher=[[Samayam Malayalam]]|language=ml|date=6 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Vazhiye#Kannada_version|Anthima Kshanagalu]]''|| [[Kannada film]] Streaming on [[Book_My_Show#BookMyShow_Stream|BookMyShow Stream]]||<ref>{{cite news |title=Anthima Kshanagalu Movie OTT Release Date and Platform, Kannada Horror Movie Streaming on BookMyShow Stream |url=https://www.keralatv.in/ott-release-anthima-kshanagalu-movie |accessdate=1 December 2025 |publisher=keralatv.in|date=11 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Title Poster Of Upcoming Indian Found Footage Horror Film 'Anthima Kshanagalu' Has Been Released| url=http://promotehorror.com/2024/11/02/title-poster-of-upcoming-indian-found-footage-horror-film-anthima-kshanagalu-has-been-released|accessdate=1 December 2025|website=promotehorror.com|date=2 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2026 || ''Disease X: The Zombie Experiment'' || [[Zombie film]] starring [[Roger Ward]]||<ref>{{cite news|author=Rithu Nair|title= മലയാളത്തിൽ മറ്റൊരു പരീക്ഷണം; സോംബി ചിത്രത്തിലൂടെ ഓസ്‌ട്രേലിയൻ താരം ഇന്ത്യൻ സിനിമയിൽ|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/movie-news/australian-star-in-indian-cinema-science-fiction-movie-disease-x-the-zombie-experiment-title-poster-out/articleshow/113345142.cms|accessdate=1 December 2025| publisher=[[Samayam Malayalam]]|language=ml|date=14 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
! {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan=1| 2022
| Indie World Film Festival
| Best Cinematographer
| [[Vazhiye]]
| {{won}}
|<ref name="IWFF"/>
|-
| rowspan=1| 2024
| Reels International Film Festival
| Best Cinematographer
| [[Dreadful Chapters]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Horror Film 'Dreadful Chapters' Bagged Three Awards At Reels International Film Festival| url=http://promotehorror.com/2024/03/09/horror-film-dreadful-chapters-bagged-three-awards-at-reels-international-film-festival/|accessdate= 20 September 2024|website=promotehorror.com|date=9 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=റീൽസ് ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ ഫിലിം ഫെസ്റ്റിവലിൽ തിളങ്ങി 'ഡ്രെഡ്ഫുൾ ചാപ്റ്റേഴ്‌സ്'| url=https://emalayalee.com/vartha/309990 |accessdate= 20 September 2024|website=emalayalee.com|language=ml|date=2 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|nm9763528}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eravil, Midhun}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Lahore Resolution

2026-03-10T14:17:06Z

Julimye: edit

{{short description|Foundational political declaration of Pakistan (1940)}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox document
| document_name = Lahore Resolution
| image = All India Muslim League Working Committee Lahore 1940.jpg
| caption = Muslim leaders from across British India at the [[All-India Muslim League]] Working Committee session in Lahore
| location_of_document = [[Greater Iqbal Park|Minto Park]], [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], British India
| purpose = Establishment of a [[Two-nation theory|separate Muslim homeland]] in the territories of the [[British Raj]]
| signers = [[All-India Muslim League]] ([[Meeting (parliamentary procedure)#Session|General Session]])
| date_ratified = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1940|03|23}}
| date_created = March 1940
| date_presented = 23 March 1940
| date_effective = [[Independence Day (Pakistan)|{{Start date and age|df=yes|1947|08|14}}]]
| commissioned = [[All-India Muslim League|Special Working Committee]]
}}
The '''Lahore Resolution''',{{efn|{{Ubl|{{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|قراردادِ لاہور}}|Qarārdād-e-Lāhōr|engvar=gb}}|{{langx|bn|লাহোর প্রস্তাব|Lāhōr Prôstāb|engvar=gb}}}}}} later called the '''Pakistan Resolution''', was a formal political [[Declaration (law)|declaration]], adopted by the [[All-India Muslim League]] on 23 March 1940, that served as the foundational basis for the [[Pakistan Movement]]. It was adopted during the League's three-day general session in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], from 22 to 24 March 1940, calling for a group of "independent states" in the Muslim-majority regions of the [[British Raj]]. The resolution was written and prepared by a nine-member subcommittee of the Muslim League;{{efn|which included [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], [[Liaquat Ali Khan]], [[Sikandar Hayat Khan]], [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]], [[Abdullah Haroon]], and [[Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan|Nawab Ismail Khan]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sherwani |first1=Latif Ahmed |title=Pakistan Resolution Revisited |date=1990 |publisher=National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research |page=45}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Zafarullah |title=The Agony of Pakistan |publisher=Kent Publications |page=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zaidi |first1=Hassan Jafar |title=Pakistan Resolution |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1345602 |work=Dawn}}</ref>}} presented by [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]], the [[Prime Minister of Bengal]]; and approved by the [[All-India Muslim League|General Session]] of the Muslim League.

The resolution mainly called for independent sovereign states:

<blockquote>That geographically contiguous units are demarcated regions which should be constituted, with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary that the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority as in the North Western and Eastern Zones of (British) India should be grouped to constitute 'independent states' in which the constituent units should be autonomous and sovereign.</blockquote>Although the name "[[Pakistan]]" had been proposed by [[Choudhary Rahmat Ali]] in his 1933 [[Pakistan Declaration]],<ref>Choudhary Rahmat Ali, (1933), ''[[Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?]]'', pamphlet, published 28 January. (Rehmat Ali at the time was an undergraduate at the [[University of Cambridge]])</ref> it was not until after the resolution that it began to be widely used.

Jinnah's address to the Lahore conference was, according to [[Stanley Wolpert]], the moment when Jinnah, once a proponent of [[Hindu-Muslim unity]], irrevocably committed to force the creation of an independent Pakistan.<ref>{{cite book |author=Stanley Wolpert |author-link=Stanley Wolpert |year=1984 |title=Jinnah of Pakistan |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=182 |isbn=978-0-19-503412-7 |quote=Jinnah's Lahore address lowered the final curtain on any prospects for a single united independent India ... once his mind was made up he never reverted to any earlier position ... The ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity had totally transformed himself into Pakistan's great leader. All that remained was for his party first, then his inchoate nation, and then his British allies to agree to the formula he had resolved upon.}}</ref>

{{Independence of Bangladesh}}

== Historical context ==
Until the mid-1930s the Muslim leaders were trying to ensure maximum political safeguards for [[Muslims]] within the framework of [[Indo-Pak Confederation|federation of India]] in terms of seeking maximum [[autonomy]] for Muslim majority provinces. They got some safeguards through a system of [[Communal Award|separate electorate on communal basis]] in the [[Government of India Act 1935]]. As a result of [[1937 Indian provincial elections|elections]] held under this Act, [[History of the Indian National Congress#Ascendance to power (1937–1942)|Indian National Congress]] formed government in six out of eight provinces. During Congress rule from 1937 to 39, its "High Command whose iron control over its own provinces clearly hinted at what lay ahead for the Muslim majority provinces once it came to dominate the centre. Much of the [[All India Muslim League|League]]'s propaganda at this stage was directed against the Congress ministries and their alleged attacks on [[Muslim culture]]; the heightened activity of [[Hindu Mahasabha]], the hoisting of Congress [[Flag of India#History|tricolor]], the singing of [[Vande Mataram|Bande Mataram]], the Vidya Mandir scheme in the [[Central Provinces]] and the [[Nai Talim#History|Wardha scheme of education]], all were interpreted as proof of 'Congress atrocities'. So, the Congress was clearly incapable of representing Muslim interests, yet it was trying to annihilate every other party."<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D63KMRN1SJ8C&pg=PA43 |title=The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan |last=Jalal |first=Ayesha |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1985 |isbn=9780511558856 |location=Cambridge |pages=43 |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511558856}}</ref>

Therefore, by 1938–39, the idea of [[Two Nation Theory|separation]] was strongly gaining ground. The Sindh Provincial Muslim League Conference held its first session in [[Karachi]] in October 1938, adopted a resolution which recommended to the All-India Muslim League to devise a scheme of constitution under which Muslims may attain full independence. The [[Prime Minister of Bengal|premier]] of the Bengal province, [[AK Fazlul Haque|A. K. Fazal-ul-Haque]], who was not in the All-India Muslim League, was quite convinced in favour of separation. The idea was more vividly expressed by [[Mohammed Ali Jinnah|M. A. Jinnah]] in an article in the London weekly ''Time & Tide'' on 9 March 1940.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Jinnah |first=Mohammed Ali |date=9 March 1940 |title=The Constitutional Future of India: Two Nations in India |magazine=Time & Tide |volume=21 |issue=10 |pages=238–240}}</ref> Jinnah wrote:

<blockquote>Democratic systems based on the concept of homogeneous nations such as England are very definitely not applicable to [[Composite nationalism|heterogeneous countries]] such as [[British India|India]], and this simple fact is the root cause of all of India's constitutional ills... If, therefore, it is accepted that there is in India a [[Dominion of India|major]] and a [[Dominion of Pakistan|minor nation]], it follows that a [[parliamentary system]] based on the [[majority rule|majority principle]] must inevitably mean the rule of major nation. Experience has proved that whatever the economic and [[political manifesto|political programme]] of any political Party, the [[Hindu]], as a general rule, will vote for his [[Caste politics|caste-fellow]], the Muslim for his [[Two-nation theory (Pakistan)#Explanations by Muslim leaders advocating separatism|coreligionist]].</blockquote>

About the [[1937 Indian provincial elections|Congress-led provincial governments]], he wrote:

<blockquote>An India-wide attack on the Muslims was launched. In the five Muslim provinces every attempt was made to defeat the Muslim-led-coalition Ministries. In the six Hindu provinces a "[[Kulturkampf]]" was inaugurated. Attempts were made to have Bande Mataram, the Congress song, recognised as the [[national anthem]], and the real national language, [[Urdu]], supplanted by [[Hindi]]. Everywhere oppression commenced and complaints poured in such force...that the Muslims, despairing of the [[Viceroy of India|Viceroy]] and Governors ever taking action to protect them, have already been forced to ask for a [[Royal Commission]] to investigate their grievances.</blockquote>

Furthermore, he added:

<blockquote>Is it the desire (of [[British people]]) that India should become a [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]] [[Hindu Nationalism|Hindu State]]...? ...I feel certain that [[Islam in South Asia#Colonial rule and freedom movement|Muslim India]] will never submit to such a position and will be forced to resist it with every means in their power.</blockquote>

In his concluding remarks he wrote:

<blockquote>While Muslim League irrevocably opposed to any [[federalism|Federal]] objective which must necessarily result in a [[Majoritarianism|majority community rule]] under the guise of Democracy and [[Westminster system#Characteristics|Parliamentary system of Government]]... To conclude, a constitution must be evolved that recognises that there are in India [[Two Nation Theory|two nations]] who both must share the [[Reserved political positions in India#Under the British Rule|governance]] of their [[Indian reunification|common motherland]].</blockquote>

== Lahore Conference ==
[[File:A k fazlul hoque.jpg|thumb|right|upright| [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]] presented the historical Lahore resolution in 1940.]]
The session was held on 22–24 March 1940, at Iqbal Park, Lahore. The welcome address was made by Sir Shah Nawaz Khan of Mamdot, as the chairman of the local reception committee. The various draft texts for the final resolution/draft were deliberated over by the Special Working Committee of the All India Muslim League<ref>The following is the full list of the 25 original, formally designated members of the Special Working Committee of the All India Muslim League, 1940, which met between 21 and 24 March 1940; see ''Programme of the All India Muslim League's 27th Annual session, to be held in from Lahore 22 to 24 March 1940'', at the National Archives of Pakistan, Islamabad, the Quaid i Azam Papers, File 1354, and which largely drafted the Lahore Resolution. Also ref Attique Zafar Sheikh, ''The Pakistan Resolution and the Working Committee of the All India Muslim League, 1940'' Islamabad: National Archives of Pakistan, 1998, p. 92, citing the following list of the members:
* [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] (Chair)
* [[Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan]] (Secretary)
* [[Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan]] (Premier of the Punjab)
* Sir [[Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot]] (local host)
* [[Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan|Raja Sahib of Mahmudabad]]
* Maulvi [[A.K. Fazlul Huq]]
* Sir [[Abdullah Haroon]]
* Al-Hajj Sir [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]]
* [[Mohammad Ali Jouhar|Amjadi Bano]] Begum
* Maulana [[Mohammad Akram Khan]]
* [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]]
* [[Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan]]
* Sir [[Currimbhoy Ebrahim]]
* Ali Muhammad Khan Dehlvi
* [[Qazi Muhammad Essa]]
* [[Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan|Sardar Aurangzeb Khan]]
* Abdul Mateen Chauhdry
* Ashiq Mohamed Warsi
* Haji Abdus Sattar Essak Saith
* S. M. Sharif
* Syed Abdul Rauf Shah
* Mohammad Latif ur Rahman
* [[Abdur Rahman Siddiqui]]
* [[Malik Barkat Ali]]
* Sadullah Khan Umarzaib
</ref>

The resolution text, unanimously approved by the Subject Committee, accepted the concept of a united homeland for Muslims{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} and recommended the creation of independent Muslim-majority states.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Syed Iftikhar |title=Essays on Pakistan |year=1983 |location=Lahore |publisher=Alpha Bravo Publishers |oclc=12811079 |pages=29–30 |quote=the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority, as in the North-Western and Eastern zones of India, should be grouped to constitute independent States}}</ref>

The resolution was moved in the general session by [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]], the chief minister of undivided Bengal, and was seconded by [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]] from the United Provinces, [[Zafar Ali Khan]] from Punjab, [[Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan|Sardar Aurangzeb Khan]] from North-West Frontier Province, Pir Ziauddin Andrabi from Kashmir, and Sir [[Abdullah Haroon]] from Sindh.<ref>{{cite book |author=Muhammad Aslam Malik |year=2001 |title=The Making of the Pakistan Resolution |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=151 |isbn=0-19-579538-5 |quote=In the open session, on 24 March, the resolution was moved ... by Fazlul Haq, and was seconded by Khaliquzzaman (UP), Zafar Ali Khan (Punjab), Aurangzeb (NWFP), and Haroon (Sindh).}}</ref> [[Qazi Muhammad Essa]] from Balochistan and other leaders announced their support.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

== The resolution ==
[[File:Lahore Resolution News BurhanAhmed.png|250px|thumb|30 March 1940: Newspapers printed news about Lahore Resolution, demanding division of India.]]
The resolution for the establishment of "independent states" for the Muslims of British India passed in the annual session of the All India Muslim League held in Lahore on 22–24 March 1940 is a landmark document of Pakistan's history.<ref name="dawn23Mar2013">{{cite news |title=An interpretation of the Lahore Resolution |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/797410 |newspaper=Dawn |date=23 March 2013}}</ref> In 1946, it formed the basis for the decision of Muslim League to struggle for one state [ later named Pakistan] for the Muslims.<ref>[[I H Qureshi]], (1965), ''Struggle for Pakistan'', Karachi</ref> The statement declared:

{{blockquote|No constitutional plan would be workable ... or acceptable to the Muslims unless ... geographically contiguous units are demarcated into regions which should be so constituted, with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary.<ref name="ashop">{{cite book |editor-last=Qureshi |editor-first=I H |editor-link=Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi |title=A Short History of Pakistan |title-link=A Short History of Pakistan |year=1992 |orig-year=First published 1967 |publisher=[[University of Karachi]] |isbn=969-404-008-6 |page=213}}</ref>|}}
The Hindu press and leaders were quick to describe the resolution as the demand for the creation of Pakistan; some people began to call it the Pakistan Resolution soon after the Lahore session of the Muslim League. It is landmark document in history of Pakistan.<ref name="dawn23Mar2013" />
Additionally, it stated:

{{blockquote|That adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards shall be specifically provided in the constitution for minorities in the units and in the regions for the protection of their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rights of the minorities.}}

Most importantly, to convince smaller provinces such as [[Sind Province (1936–1955)|Sindh]] to join, it provided a guarantee:{{citation needed|date=August 2025}}

{{blockquote|That geographically contiguous units are demarcated into regions which should be so constituted, with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary, that the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority as in North-Western and Eastern zones of [British] India should be grouped to constitute independent states in which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign.}}<ref name="ashop" />

=== Full text ===
The full text of the resolution document was as follows:

<blockquote>
'''"THE LAHORE RESOLUTION"'''

Resolved at the Lahore Session of All-India Muslim League held on 22nd-24th March, 1940.

(1) While approving and endorsing the action taken by the Council and the Working Committee of the All Indian Muslim League as indicated in their resolutions dated the 10th of August, 17th and 18th of September and 22nd of October, 1939, and 3rd February 1940 on the constitutional issues, this Session of the All-Indian Muslim League emphatically reiterates that the scheme of federation embodied in the Government of India Act 1935, is totally unsuited to, and unworkable in the peculiar conditions of this country and is altogether unacceptable to Muslim India.

(2) Resolved that it is the considered view of this Session of the All India Muslim League that no constitutional plan would be workable in this country or acceptable to Muslims unless it is designed on the following basic principle, namely that geographically contiguous units are demarcated into regions which should be so constituted, with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary, that the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority as in the North-Western and Eastern Zones of India, should be grouped to constitute "Independent States" in which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign.

(3) That adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards should be specifically provided in the constitution for minorities in these units and in these regions for the protection of their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rights and interests in consultation with them; and in other parts of India where the Mussalmans are in a minority, adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards shall be specially provided in the constitution for them and other minorities for the protection of their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rights and interests in consultation with them.

(4) This Session further authorises the Working Committee to frame a scheme of constitution in accordance with these basic principles, providing for the assumption finally by the respective regions of all powers such as defense, external affairs, communications, customs and such other matters as may be necessary."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pmln.us/23-march-pakistan-resolution-day/ |title=23 March Pakistan Resolution Day |website=Pakistan Muslim leagues (N) USA Official Website |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pbase.com/bmcmorrow/image/140584822 |title=Text of the 1940 Lahore Resolution of the All-India Muslim League by Brian McMorrow |website=PBase |language=en-US |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref>
</blockquote>

== Controversy ==
=== Number of "independent states" ===
{{See also|United Bengal}}
{{more citations needed section|date=March 2017}}
There remains a debate on whether the resolution envisaged two sovereign states in the eastern and western parts of British India. [[Abul Hashim]] of the [[Bengal Provincial Muslim League]] interpreted the text as a demand for two separate countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Lahore_Resolution |title=Lahore Resolution |work=banglapedia.org}}</ref> In 1946, Prime Minister [[H. S. Suhrawardy]] of Bengal, a member of the All India Muslim League, mooted the [[United Bengal]] proposal with the support of Muslim and Hindu leaders, as well as the Governor of Bengal.

Although there were and continue to be disagreements on the interpretation of the resolution, it was widely accepted that it called for a separate Muslim state.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} Opposing opinions focus on the phrase "independent states" claiming this means Muslim majority provinces, i.e. Punjab, Sindh, etc. would be independent of each other. They ignore the phrase "geographically contiguous units." They also rely on the claims of certain [[Bengali nationalist]]s who did not agree with one state. They accuse their opponents of diverting the "spirit" of the resolution.

The majority of the Muslim League leadership contended that it was intended for not only the separation of India but into only 2 states (Muslim majority and Hindu majority). Therefore, it is indeed a statement calling for independence and one Muslim state.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} Eventually, the name "Pakistan" was used for the envisioned state.

===Dissent by nationalist Muslims in colonial India===
{{main|Opposition to the partition of India}}
{{further|Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam}}
The [[All India Azad Muslim Conference]] gathered in Delhi in April 1940 to voice its support for an [[Opposition to the partition of India|independent and united India]], in response to the Lahore Resolution.<ref name="Grover1992">{{cite book |last1=Grover |first1=Verinder |title=Political Thinkers of Modern India: Abul Kalam Azad |date=1992 |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |isbn=9788171004324 |page=503 |language=en |quote=Within five weeks of the passage of the Pak resolution, an assembly of nationalist Muslims under the name of the Azad Muslim Conference was convened in Delhi. The Conference met under the presidentship of Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh, the then Chief Minister of Sind.}}</ref><ref name="QasmiRobb2017">{{cite book |last1=Qasmi |first1=Ali Usman |last2=Robb |first2=Megan Eaton |title=Muslims against the Muslim League: Critiques of the Idea of Pakistan |date=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108621236 |page=2 |language=en}}</ref> Its members included several Islamic organisations in India, as well as 1400 nationalist Muslim delegates.<ref name="Haq1970">{{cite book |last1=Haq |first1=Mushir U. |title=Muslim politics in modern India, 1857-1947 |date=1970 |publisher=Meenakshi Prakashan |page=114 |language=en |quote=This was also reflected in one of the resolutions of the Azad Muslim Conference, an organization which attempted to be representative of all the various nationalist Muslim parties and groups in India.}}</ref><ref name="Ahmed2016">{{cite web |last1=Ahmed |first1=Ishtiaq |title=The dissenters |url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/the-dissenters/ |publisher=[[The Friday Times]] |language=en |date=27 May 2016 |quote=However, the book is a tribute to the role of one Muslim leader who steadfastly opposed the Partition of India: the Sindhi leader Allah Bakhsh Soomro. Allah Bakhsh belonged to a landed family. He founded the Sindh People's Party in 1934, which later came to be known as 'Ittehad' or 'Unity Party'. ... Allah Bakhsh was totally opposed to the Muslim League's demand for the creation of Pakistan through a division of India on a religious basis. Consequently, he established the Azad Muslim Conference. In its Delhi session held during April 27–30, 1940 some 1400 delegates took part. They belonged mainly to the lower castes and working class. The famous scholar of Indian Islam, Wilfred Cantwell Smith, feels that the delegates represented a 'majority of India's Muslims'. Among those who attended the conference were representatives of many Islamic theologians and women also took part in the deliberations ... Shamsul Islam argues that the All-India Muslim League at times used intimidation and coercion to silence any opposition among Muslims to its demand for Partition. He calls such tactics of the Muslim League as a 'Reign of Terror'. He gives examples from all over India including the NWFP where the Khudai Khidmatgars remain opposed to the Partition of India.}}</ref><ref name="Ali2017">{{cite web |last1=Ali |first1=Afsar |title=Partition of India and Patriotism of Indian Muslims |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/15756-partition-of-india-and-patriotism-of-indian-muslims |publisher=[[The Milli Gazette]] |language=en |date=17 July 2017}}</ref> The pro-separatist All-India Muslim League worked to try to silence those nationalist Muslims who stood against the partition of India, often using "intimidation and coercion".<ref name="Ali2017"/><ref name="Ahmed2016"/> The murder of the [[Chief Minister of Sind]] and All India Azad Muslim Conference leader [[Allah Bakhsh Soomro]] also made it easier for the All-India Muslim League to demand the creation of a Pakistan.<ref name="Ali2017"/>

==Legacy==
The [[Sindh]] assembly was the firstly British Indian legislature to pass the resolution in favour of Pakistan. [[G. M. Syed]], an influential Sindhi activist, revolutionary and [[Sufi]] and later one of the important leaders in the forefront of the Sindh independence movement,<ref>G. M. Syed. [http://gmsyed.org/hiswork/chains.html A Nation in Chains]</ref> joined the Muslim League in 1938 and presented the Pakistan resolution in the Sindh Assembly. A key motivating factor was the promise of "autonomy and sovereignty for constituent units".<ref>G. M. Syed. [http://gmsyed.org/case/saeen-book1-part2.htm The Case of Sindh (Chapter 2)]</ref>

This text was buried under the Minar-e-Pakistan during its building in the Ayub regime.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
In this session the political situation was analysed in detail and Muslim demanded a separate homeland only to maintain their identification and to safeguard their rights. Pakistan resolution was the landmark in the history of Muslim of South-Asia. It determined for the Muslims a true goal and their homeland in north-east and north-west.

===Commemoration===
[[File:Minar-e-Pakistan 2011.JPG|thumb|250px|The [[Minar-e-Pakistan]], where the Lahore Resolution was passed.]]
* To commemorate the event, ''[[Minar-e-Pakistan]]'', a monument 60 m tall in the shape of a [[minaret]], was built at the site in [[Iqbal Park]] where the resolution was passed.
* 23 March ([[Pakistan Day]]) is a [[List of holidays in Pakistan|national holiday]] in Pakistan to commemorate both Lahore Resolution (1940) and the [[Republic Day (Pakistan)|Republic Day]] (1956); the country became the first [[Islamic Republic]] in the world.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mirkin |first1=Stanford M. |year=1966 |orig-year=First published in 1957 under title: When did it happen? |title=What Happened When: A Noted Researcher's Almanac of Yesterdays |location=New York |publisher=I. Washburn |page=87 |lccn=66-10676 |oclc=390802 |quote=1956 Pakistan becomes the first Islamic Republic}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Pakistan|Bangladesh}}
* [[History of Pakistan]]
* [[History of Bangladesh]]
* [[Partition of India]]
* [[Pakistan Resolution in Sindh assembly]]
* [[Delhi Resolution]]
* [[Six Point program]]
* [[Bangladesh–Pakistan Confederation]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{wikiatlas|Pakistan}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060127232758/http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/Quaid/leader5.htm The Pakistan Resolution], [[Government of Pakistan]] Official website. (Retrieved in April 2006)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060427082236/http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A043&Pg=1 Lahore Resolution (1940)] at Story of Pakistan website. (Retrieved in April 2006)
* [https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Lahore_Resolution Lahore Resolution] at Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. (Retrieved in April 2006)
* [https://lubpak.net/archives/43698 Analyzing the text: The Lahore (Pakistan) Resolution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202214700/https://lubpak.net/archives/43698 |date=2 December 2021 }} (Contains original document)
* [http://hangingodes.wordpress.com/2007/03/24/23-march-1940-Lahore-resolution/ Pakistan Resolution or Muslim League's Search For Survival]

{{Pakistan Movement}}
{{LahoreTopics}}
{{Pakistan topics}}

[[Category:A. K. Fazlul Huq]]
[[Category:Political platforms]]
[[Category:1940 documents]]
[[Category:Pakistan Movement]]
[[Category:1940s in British India]]
[[Category:1940s in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Political history of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Lahore]]
[[Category:History of the All-India Muslim League]]
[[Category:Political terminology in Pakistan]]
[[Category:India in World War II]]
[[Category:Declarations of independence]]
[[Category:Government documents of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Independence of Bangladesh]]

Mandakini (2024 film)

2026-03-10T13:52:35Z

Julimye: put up the article from scratch!

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mandakini
| image = Mandakini (2024 film).jpg
| caption =
| director = Vinod Leela
| screenplay = Vinod Leela
| story = Shiju M Bhaskar Shalu
| producer = Sanju Unnithan
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Althaf Salim]]
* [[Anarkali Marikar]]
}}
| cinematography = Shiju M Bhaskar
| editing = Sheril
| music = Bibin Ashok
| studio =
| distributor = Spire Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|05|24}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}
'''''Mandakini''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam-language film]] written and directed by Vinod Leela and produced by Sanju Unnithan under Spire Productions.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mandakini-release-althaf-salim-anarkali-marikar-starrer-to-hit-the-big-screens-on-this-date/articleshow/109153434.cms | title='Mandakini' release: Althaf Salim - Anarkali Marikar starrer to hit the big screens on THIS date | newspaper=The Times of India | date=9 April 2024 }}</ref> It stars [[Althaf Salim]], [[Anarkali Marikar]], and [[Ganapathi S. Poduval]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/althaf-salim-anarkali-marikkar-movie-mandakini-is-slated-to-release-in-may-2024-mm-663822.html | title=കാത്തിരിപ്പിനവസാനം; അൽത്താഫ് സലിം, അനാർക്കലി മരയ്ക്കാർ ചിത്രം 'മന്ദാകിനി' തിയേറ്ററിലേക്ക് | date=6 April 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vanitha.in/justin/vanitha-with-mandakini-movie-contest-related-news-story.html | title='വനിത മന്ദാകിനി വൺ ക്ലിക്ക് കോണ്ടസ്റ്റ്'; നിങ്ങളുടെ വിവാഹ ചിത്രം അയച്ചുതരൂ, കാത്തിരിക്കുന്നത് സർപ്രൈസ് സമ്മാനങ്ങള്‍! | Vanitha Mandakini One Click Contest }}</ref> The film released on 24 May 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Mar/15/first-look-of-mandakini-out | title=First look of Mandakini out | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=15 March 2024 }}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=June 2024}}

On her wedding night, Ambili accidentally consumes an alcoholic drink meant for her husband, Aromal. She then confesses her past relationship with Sujith Vasu. Her family confronts Sujith, who treated Ambili badly. After a series of events, Sujith is exposed and beaten, and Aromal expresses relief that Sujith will no longer be part of their lives.

== Cast ==
{{Castlist|
* [[Althaf Salim]] as Aromal<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/premam-team-reunites-for-a-comedy-thriller-titled-mandakini/articleshow/60375717.cms | title=Premam team reunites for a comedy thriller titled Mandakini | newspaper=The Times of India | date=5 September 2017 }}</ref>
* [[Anarkali Marikar]] as Ambili
* [[Ganapathi S. Poduval]] as Sujith Vasu
* Vineeth Thattil David as Unni
* [[Saritha Kukku]] as Rajalakshmi
* [[Aswathy Sreekanth]] as Ajitha
* Kutty Akhil as Ani
* [[Jaffar Idukki]] as Sukeshan
* [[Lal Jose]] as Sudevan
* Ala S Nayana as Ambika
* [[Ajai Vasudev]] as Manoj
* [[Jeo Baby]] as Sagar
* [[Jude Anthany Joseph]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Benny
* Resmi Anil as CID Sudha
* Guiness Vinod as Sajeevan
* Pradeesh Jacob as Amalesh
* Babitha Basheer as Sreekutty
* Nashid Noushad as Jithesh
* [[Priya Prakash Varrier]] as Akhila (cameo appearance)
}}

== Production ==
The title poster of the film was released in March 2024. The production company announced the release date for 24 May 2024.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|32089689}}
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Malayalam-language films]]

{{2020s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Yuga Purushudu

2026-03-03T20:27:03Z

Julimye: created the data w/ refs...

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yuga Purushudu
| image = Yuga Purushudu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = [[Jandhyala]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = Balamurugan
| screenplay = K. Bapayya
| producer = [[C. Aswini Dutt]]
| director = [[K. Bapayya]]
| starring = [[N. T. Rama Rao]] [[Jaya Prada]]
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| cinematography = S. Venkataratnam
| editing = Akkineni Sanjeevi
| studio = [[Vyjayanthi Movies]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1978|7|14}}
| runtime = 149 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Yuga Purushudu''''' ({{translation|Man of the eon}}) is a 1978 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film]] produced by [[C. Aswini Dutt]] under the [[Vyjayanthi Movies]] banner and directed by [[K. Bapayya]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 July 1978 |title=యుగపురుషుడు |language=te |work=Andhra Patrika |url=https://indiancine.ma/document/JRR/0,0,327,2082 |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=6 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906072328/https://indiancine.ma/document/JRR/0,0,327,2082 |url-status=live }}</ref> It stars [[N. T. Rama Rao]] and [[Jaya Prada|Jayaprada]] with music composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]]. The film was remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Mard Ki Zabaan]]'' (1987).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mard Ki Zabaan|url=http://myswar.co/album/mard-ki-zabaan-1987|access-date=6 September 2021|website=MySwar|archive-date=6 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906072329/http://myswar.co/album/mard-ki-zabaan-1987|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was a box office success.

== Plot ==
Janaki, the daughter of the Pushpagiri Zamindar, marries Ranganna, a commoner, defying her father’s wishes. Enraged, the Zamindar ostracizes them. The couple later has a son, Kalyan, prompting the Zamindar to reconsider and send his nephew Dhananjay to bring them back. However, Dhananjay, harbouring malicious intent, plots to kill the family under the guise of the Zamindar’s orders. Ranganna is killed in the attempt, but his younger brother, Jaggu, intervenes, allowing Janaki to escape with Kalyan. Janaki entrusts Kalyan to their loyal associate Balaram. To protect Kalyan, Balaram swaps his own children, Anand and Madhavi, with Janaki's and sends Kalyan to Singapore with his brother Banerjee. Meanwhile, Ranganna’s younger brother Jaggu vows revenge against the Zamindar.

Years later, Kalyan, now known as Rajesh, becomes a world martial arts champion. Latha, the Zamindar’s granddaughter, admires Rajesh and falls in love with him. Meanwhile, Anand competes against Rajesh in a martial arts match to earn money for Janaki's treatment. Despite Rajesh's attempts to protect Anand, the latter sustains fatal injuries. Before dying, Anand reveals his family’s true identity to Rajesh. Guilt-ridden, Rajesh quits his career and takes responsibility for Anand’s family, becoming a taxi driver to support them.

One night, Rajesh rescues Latha from goons and learns that her maternal uncle, Dhananjay, and his son, Maruti Rao, pose a threat to her. Latha asks Rajesh to impersonate her long-lost cousin, Kalyan, to protect her family. Rajesh agrees and confronts Dhananjay and Maruti Rao, disrupting their plans and safeguarding the Zamindar’s estate. During this time, Rajesh uncovers the impending danger the Zamindar faces from Jaggu. In a confrontation, Jaggu recognizes Rajesh as Kalyan through a tattoo on his chest and learns of the Zamindar’s innocence.

The situation escalates when Dhananjay and Maruti Rao discover Janaki’s whereabouts and abduct her along with the entire family. In a climactic battle, Rajesh defeats the villains and rescues his family. The film concludes with Rajesh and Latha’s marriage, bringing peace to the family.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Rajesh / Kalyan
*[[Jaya Prada]] as Latha
*[[Jaggayya]] as Jaggu
*[[Rao Gopala Rao]] as Balaram
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Maruti Rao
*[[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Diwanji
*[[M. Prabhakar Reddy|Prabhakar Reddy]] as Zamindar
*[[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]] as Mohan
*[[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Anand
*[[Kanta Rao]] as Ranganna
*[[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]] as Benerjee
*[[Dhulipala Seetarama Sastry|Dhulipala]] as Dhanunjay
*Eswara Rao as Dr. Chandra Shekar
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as Naveen
*Pushpalata as Janaki
*[[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]] as Madhavi
*[[Fatafat Jayalaxmi]] as Rosy
*Komilla Veerk as [[item number]]
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Yuga Purushudu
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1978
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Filmi]]
| length = 18:42
| label = EMI Columbia
| producer = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| prev_title = [[Rama Krishnulu]]
| prev_year = 1978
| next_title = Sahasavanthudu
| next_year = 1978
}}

Music composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yugapurushudu (1978)-Song_Booklet |url=https://indiancine.ma/ |access-date=6 September 2021 |website=Indiancine.ma |archive-date=5 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405060204/http://indiancine.ma/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No!!Song title !!Lyrics !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Idigidigo Mana Hero"
|[[Acharya Aatreya]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
|3:07
|-
|2
|"Gaali Mallindi"
|Acharya Aatreya
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|3.03
|-
|3
|"Ekku Ekku Thelaguram"
|Acharya Aatreya
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|3:08
|-
|4
|"Okka Raatri"
|[[Veturi]]
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|3:14
|-
|5
|"Bobbaralanka Chinnadi"
|Veturi
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|6:10
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt0155404}}
{{K. Bapayya}}
{{Jandhyala}}

[[Category:1978 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
[[Category:1978 action films]]
[[Category:1978 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Bapayya]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Vyjayanthi Movies films]]

Navjot Singh Sidhu

2026-02-22T15:02:11Z

Julimye: slightly expanded details per standard format and added references

{{short description|Indian politician and cricketer (born 1963)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Navjot Singh Sidhu
| nickname = Sherry, Sixer Sidhu, Jonty Singh
| image = Punjab Minister of Tourism & Culture Navjot Singh Sidhu.jpg
| caption = Sidhu in 2018
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|10|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Patiala]], [[East Punjab|Punjab]], India
| height =
| office1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the]] [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Amritsar East Assembly constituency|Amritsar East]]
| term_start1 = 11 March 2017
| term_end1 = 10 March 2022
| predecessor1 = [[Navjot Kaur Sidhu]]
| successor1 = [[Jeevan Jyot Kaur]]
| office2 = [[Indian National Congress|President]] of [[Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| term_start2 = 18 July 2021
| term_end2 = 9 April 2022
| predecessor2 = [[Sunil Jakhar]]
| successor2 = [[Amrinder Singh Raja Warring]]
| office3 = [[Government of Punjab (India)|Punjab]] [[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|Minister of Tourism and Cultural Affairs]]
| term_start3 = 16 March 2017
| term_end3 = 20 July 2019
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 = [[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
| 1blankname3 = [[List of chief ministers of Punjab, India|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata3 = [[Amarinder Singh]]
| office4 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start4 = 25 April 2016
| term_end4 = 18 July 2016
| successor4 = [[Roopa Ganguly]]
| predecessor4 = [[Ashok Sekhar Ganguly]]
| nominator4 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| constituency4 = [[List of nominated members of Rajya Sabha|Nominated (Sports)]]
| office5 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency5 = [[Amritsar Lok Sabha constituency|Amritsar, Punjab]]
| term_start5 = 22 May 2004
| term_end5 = 16 May 2014
| predecessor5 = [[Raghunandan Lal Bhatia]]
| successor5 = [[Amarinder Singh]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(2017–2026)}}
| otherparty = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{small|(2004–2016)}} Aawaaz-e-Punjab {{small|(2016-2017)}}
| spouse = [[Navjot Kaur Sidhu]]
| native_name_lang = Punjabi
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|cricketer|media personality}}
| residence = [[Patiala district|26, Yadavmdra Colony, Mall Road, Patiala]]
| education = [[H.R. College of Commerce and Economics]] [[Government Mohindra College]]
| native_name =
| module = {{Infobox cricketer
| embed = yes
| country = India
| internationalspan = 1983–1999
| role = [[Batsman]]
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm medium
| international = true
| testdebutdate = 12 November
| testdebutyear = 1983
| testdebutagainst = West Indies
| testcap = 166
| lasttestdate = 6 January
| lasttestyear = 1999
| lasttestagainst = New Zealand
| odidebutdate = 9 October
| odidebutyear = 1987
| odidebutagainst = Australia
| odicap = 61
| odishirt =
| lastodidate = 20 September
| lastodiyear = 1998
| lastodiagainst = Pakistan
| club1 = [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|1981–2000}}
| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 51
| runs1 = 3,202
| bat avg1 = 42.13
| 100s/50s1 = 9/15
| top score1 = 201
| hidedeliveries = true
| catches/stumpings1 = 9/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 136
| runs2 = 4,413
| bat avg2 = 37.08
| 100s/50s2 = 6/33
| top score2 = 134[[not out|*]]
| catches/stumpings2 = 20/–
| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 157
| runs3 = 9,571
| bat avg3 = 44.31
| 100s/50s3 = 27/50
| top score3 = 286
| catches/stumpings3 = 50/–
| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches4 = 205
| runs4 = 7,186
| bat avg4 = 41.77
| 100s/50s4 = 10/55
| top score4 = 139
| catches/stumpings4 = 31/–
| date= 1 January
| year = 2009
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/34028.html ESPNcricinfo
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ACC Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|Winner|[[1988 Asia Cup|1988 Bangladesh]]|}}
{{Medal|Winner|[[1990–91 Asia Cup|1990–91 India]]|}}
{{Medal|Winner|[[1995 Asia Cup|1995 United Arab Emirates]]|}}
{{Medal|RU|[[1997 Asia Cup|1997 Sri Lanka]]|}}
}}
| module2 = {{infobox criminal
| embed = yes
| criminal_charge = Voluntarily Causing Hurt (Section 323 of the [[Indian Penal Code]])
| conviction_penalty = 1 Year (Rigorous Imprisonment)
| conviction_status = Released
| conviction = 2022
| trial_start = 1988
| trial_end = 2022
| capture_status = Released
| comments =
| victims = 1
| date = 27 December 1988
| time =
| beginyear =
| endyear =
| country =
| states =
| locations =
| targets =
| fatalities = 1
| injuries =
| weapons = No
| apprehended =
| imprisoned = [[List of prisons in India#Punjab|Patiala Prison]]
}}
}}
'''Navjot Singh Sidhu''' (born 20 October 1963) is an Indian former [[cricketer]], television personality and politician from the [[Indian National Congress]]. He is the former President of [[Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee]]. Formerly, he was the Minister of Tourism and Cultural Affairs in the state government of [[States and union territories of India|State]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Punjab: Navjot Singh Sidhu to take charge of Local Government, Tourism & Cultural Affairs Ministry |url=http://indianexpress.com/elections/punjab-assembly-elections-2017/punjab-navjot-singh-siddu-to-take-charge-of-local-government-tourism-cultural-affairs-ministry-4571855/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=18 March 2017 |date=16 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Hindu14Jul2019"/><ref name="ET14Jul2019"/> Sidhu joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in 2004 and contested the [[2004 Indian general election|general election]] from [[Amritsar Lok Sabha constituency|Amritsar]] that year. He won the election and held the seat till 2014 winning also the [[2009 Indian general election|next election]]. He was nominated to the [[Rajya Sabha]] in 2016 from Punjab before he resigned from the position the same year and quit the party. In 2017, he joined the [[Indian National Congress]] and was elected to the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] from [[Amritsar East Assembly constituency|Amritsar East]]. He lost in [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Amritsar East Assembly constituency]].<ref name="Mint2022"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Congress Punjab Chief Navjot Sidhu Loses His Seat. 5 Facts |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-election-result-2022-congress-punjab-chief-navjot-sidhu-loses-his-seat-5-facts-2815468 |access-date=2 May 2023 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=1 May 2023}}</ref>

As a professional cricketer, Sidhu had a career spanning over 19 years after his [[First-class cricket|first-class]] debut in 1981–82. After losing his place in the [[India national cricket team|national team]] following his international debut in [[West Indian cricket team in India in 1983–84#Third Test|1983–84]], he returned to score four half-centuries in the [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987 World Cup]]. Playing mostly as a [[Batting order (cricket)|top-order batter]], Sidhu went on to play in 51 [[Test cricket|Tests]] and 136 [[One Day Internationals|One-Day-Internationals]] for his country. He came to be known for his six-hitting ability and earned the sobriquet "Sixer Sidhu".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vasu |first1=Anand |title=Navjot Sidhu: From 'Sid who?' to 'Sixer Sidhu!' |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/78755.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=11 March 2017 |date=3 December 1999}}</ref> He was part of the Indian squads that won the [[1988 Asia Cup]], the [[1990–91 Asia Cup]] and the [[1995 Asia Cup]] and semi finalists in the [[1987 Cricket World Cup]] and [[1996 Cricket World Cup]].

After retirement, he turned to commentary and television, most notably as a judge of comedy shows, and as a permanent guest in ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]'' (2013–2015) and later ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]'' (2016–2019). He was a contestant in the reality television show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|Bigg Boss]]'' (2012) and was seen in the show ''[[Kyaa Hoga Nimmo Kaa]]''.

In 1988, Sidhu was involved in [[#Conviction for road rage homicide|road rage incident]] of assault and causing the death of a man. In May 2022, the [[Supreme Court of India]] convicted him of voluntarily causing hurt (Section 323 of the [[Indian Penal Code]]) and sentenced him to 1 year rigorous imprisonment.<ref name="Tribune SC verdict" /> He was released after serving nearly 10 months of his sentence at [[List of prisons in India#Punjab|Patiala Jail]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=1 April 2023 |title=Congress leader Navjot Sidhu released from Patiala jail, slams Centre |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/congress-leader-navjot-sidhu-released-from-patiala-jail/article66687944.ece |access-date=1 April 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Early life and biography==
Sidhu was born in [[Patiala]], [[Punjab, India]] on 20 October 1963.<ref>{{cite news |title=The other side of Navjot Singh Sidhu: Reading, pets and shopping are his passion |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/interview/the-other-side-of-navjot-singh-sidhu-reading-pets-and-shopping-are-his-passion |access-date=22 June 2019 |newspaper=[[National Herald]] |date=18 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Fifteenth Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile - Sidhu, Shri Navjot Singh |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=4000 |website=Lok Sabha | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015160754/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=4000 |access-date=27 May 2023| archive-date=15 October 2013 }}</ref> His father, Sardar Bhagwant Singh was a lawyer and wanted to his son to become a top-class cricketer. Sidhu is an alumnus of Yadavindra Public School, Patiala. He studied in Mumbai at [[H.R. College of Commerce and Economics|HR College of Commerce and Economics]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hrcollege.edu/Web/Index.aspx |title=Welcome To H.R. College... |website=hrcollege.edu |access-date=16 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616154955/http://www.hrcollege.edu/Web/Index.aspx |archive-date=16 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sidhu was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] as a member from [[Amritsar Lok Sabha constituency|Amritsar]] in 2004 on a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ticket; he later resigned, following his conviction in 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/convicted-sidhus-resignation-accepted/articleshow/708765.cms?from=mdr |title=Convicted Sidhu's Resignation Accepted |last=PTI |date=4 December 2006 |work=The Economics Times |access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref> After the Supreme Court stayed his conviction, he successfully contested the [[Amritsar]] [[Lok Sabha]] seat, defeating his Congress rival, State Finance Minister Surinder Singla, by 77,626 votes. He is also the present president of [[World Jat Aryan Foundation]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Navjot Sidhu calls for Jat unity |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070924/himachal.htm#5 |author=Tribune News Service |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |place=Dharamsala |date=23 September 2007 |access-date=26 February 2013}}</ref> He is a vegetarian.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070311/asp/7days/story_7500936.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224205500/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070311/asp/7days/story_7500936.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 February 2011 |title=The Telegraph Calcutta : Look |work=The Telegraph (India) |date=11 March 2007 |access-date=23 July 2012 |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref>

He is married to [[Navjot Kaur Sidhu]], a doctor and a former member of [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Wife 'Seriously Ill, Hospitalised,' Says Navjot Singh Sidhu |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/navjot-singh-sidhu-congress-leader-wife-hospitalised-seriously-ill |access-date=19 May 2022 |work=TheQuint |date=12 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Navjot Kaur Sidhu, Wife Of Navjot Sidhu, Quits BJP |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/navjot-kaur-sidhu-wife-of-navjot-sidhu-quits-bjp-1471845 |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Former Pakistani cricketer and prime minister [[Imran Khan]] is one of his good friends.<ref>{{cite news |title=Navjot Sidhu thanks 'yaar dildaar' Imran Khan for opening the Kartarpur Corridor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/navjot-sidhu-thanks-yaar-dildaar-imran-khan-for-opening-the-kartarpur-corridor/story-SqrixuFHl3s6lHxq7UsTVK_amp.html&ved=2ahUKEwi6zuWSmK7zAhVKwTgGHT7PBDcQtwJ6BAhHEAE&usg=AOvVaw1szV__xhRPH99qHjwYDfbf&ampcf=1 |work=Hindustan Times |date=9 November 2019 |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Imran Khan sends Navjot Sidhu special invite for Kartarpur corridor opening |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pakistan-invites-navjot-singh-sidhu-for-kartarpur-corridor-opening-ceremony-on-november-9/story-mq1hpBlB3CCKNc4wjfhbTP_amp.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=30 October 2019 |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Biswas |first1=Soutik |date=1 October 2021 |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu: India's controversial cricketer-turned-politician |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-58731162 |work=BBC |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref> Many times opposition politicians have criticised Sidhu for [[nepotism]].<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web |date=26 May 2018 |title=Backfoot drive: Son, wife not to take up Punjab govt posts, says Navjot Singh Sidhu |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/my-son-wife-have-refused-punjab-govt-posts-am-feeling-light-as-a-feather-navjot-singh-sidhu/story-LSkxcr9ViDYkYUuIgtScCM.html |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu under attack for nepotism now says his family members will not join their posts |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/may/26/navjot-singh-sidhu-under-attack-for-nepotism-now-says-his-family-members-will-not-join-their-posts-1819794.html |access-date=13 March 2022 |work=The New Indian Express |date=26 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Agnihotri Chaba |first1=Anju |title=Sidhu seeks ticket for wife, high command fears nepotism |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/sidhu-seeks-ticket-for-wife-high-command-fears-nepotism/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=29 December 2011 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Amid controversy over promoting nepotism, Punjab govt defends appointment of minister's son-in-law |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/amid-controversy-over-promoting-nepotism-punjab-govt-defends-appointment-of-ministers-son-in-law-312561 |access-date=13 March 2022 |work=The Express Tribune |date=18 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Fellow players from his cricketing career call him by his nickname Sherry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2017 |title=The importance of being Navjot Sidhu, his father's son! |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/the-importance-of-being-navjot-sidhu-his-father-s-son/story-X4wgjhbJZLXBpJGSKMiMPI.html |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

==Cricket career==
===Failure on debut and success at World Cup (1987)===
Sidhu made his [[First-class cricket|first-class]] debut in November 1981 playing for [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]] against [[Services cricket team|Services]] in [[Amritsar]]. Opening the innings, he made 51 before he was [[run out]], as his team won the match by an innings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Punjab v Services, Ranji Trophy 1981/82 (North Zone) |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/41/41784.html |website=CricketArchive |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070319024553/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/41/41784.html |archive-date=19 March 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> He was called up to the Indian [[Test cricket|Test]] team in November 1983 after he scored a [[Century (cricket)|century]] (122) for the [[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]] playing against the [[West Indian cricket team in India in 1983–84|touring West Indies team]] the previous month. He was drafted to the Test team as a replacement to an injured [[Dilip Vengsarkar]] for the Third Test in [[Ahmedabad]]. He scored 20 runs in 90 minutes before he was [[Booing#Sports|booed]] out of the ground upon dismissal.<ref name="IndiaToday1">{{cite web |last1=Chengappa |first1=Raj |title=Navjot Sidhu makes a dramatic comeback by hitting four consecutive ODI fifties |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19871115-navjot-sidhu-makes-a-dramatic-comeback-by-hitting-four-consecutive-odi-fifties-799521-1987-11-15 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=6 August 2018 |language=en |date=November 1987}}</ref> After another modest score in the final Test in [[Madras]] (now Chennai), he was dropped from the team.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramchand |first1=Partab |author-link1=Partab Ramchand |title=Sidhu at 36 - A Birthday tribute |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/83652.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=6 August 2018 |language=en |date=20 October 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramchand |first1=Partab |author-link1=Partab Ramchand |title=The Sidhu I will remember |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/78753.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=6 August 2018 |language=en |date=3 December 1999}}</ref>

Sidhu was recalled to the national team only four years later, for the [[1987 Cricket World Cup|World Cup]]. Making his [[One Day International]] (ODI) debut against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] in the first of the group stage games, he made a 79-ball 73, an innings that included five [[Boundary (cricket)#Scoring runs|sixes]] and four [[Boundary (cricket)#Scoring runs|fours]]. India went on to lose the match by a single run.<ref>{{cite web |title=1987-88 World Cup - Group A, Australia v India |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/150630.html |work=Wisden |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref> After the game, Australia's captain [[Allan Border]] had remarked: "When the bloke hits the ball, it stays hit."<ref name="IndiaToday1"/> In India's next game, against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]], Sidhu scored a match-winning knock of 75, hitting four sixes and fours each, helping his team record its first win against them in World Cups.<ref>{{cite web |title=CWC Memories: India v New Zealand |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/505777 |work=[[International Cricket Council]] |publisher=icc-cricket.com |access-date=6 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806172911/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/505777 |archive-date=6 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Sidhu scored two more successive fifties, against Australia and [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] (51 and 55 respectively), and in the process, became the first player to record four successive half-centuries on debut in ODIs.<ref name="IndiaToday1"/> He carried his fine form into the [[1988 Asia Cup|Asia Cup]] the following year helping his team regain the trophy. He scored a half-century in the opening match against hosts [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] before making another in the final (76 off 87 balls), receiving [[Man of the match#Cricket|man of the match]] awards for both performances.<ref>{{cite news |title=India gain revenge and Cup |work=The Indian Express |agency=Press Trust of India |date=5 November 1988 |page=16}}</ref> He finished the tournament scoring three fifties in four innings aggregating to 179 runs and was named man of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menon |first1=Mohandas |title=Asia Cup: The 30-year journey |url=https://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-article/asia-cup-30-year-journey/100520 |website=Wisden India |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301224304/http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-article/asia-cup-30-year-journey/100520 |archive-date=1 March 2014 |date=25 February 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Return to Test team===
Sidhu made his return to the Test side after five years, replacing [[Mohinder Amarnath]], with a century in first innings of the [[Bangalore]] Test [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 1988–89|against New Zealand]] in November 1988. Batting for 295 minutes, he made 116 in 195 balls, an innings that included four sixes and 12 fours, punishing mostly the spinners, before he followed it up with an unbeaten 43 in the second innings, helping his team win by 172 runs.<ref>{{cite web |title=1st Test, New Zealand tour of India at Bengaluru, Nov 12-17 1988 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/16675/scorecard/63493 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=First Test Match, India v New Zealand 1988-89 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153132.html |work=Wisden |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124101645/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153132.html |archive-date=24 November 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Alter |first1=Jamie |title=A brief history |url=http://www.espn.in/cricket/story/_/id/22506933 |publisher=ESPN |access-date=7 August 2018 |language=en |date=12 February 2009}}</ref> His second Test century came in the Fourth Test of [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 1988–89|India's Caribbean Tour later that season]]. He made 116 while opening the innings [[Retired hurt|retiring hurt]] 30 minutes before end of play on day one after suffering from cramp in the legs. ''[[Wisden]]'' wrote, "Batting securely despite obvious flaws in technique, he reached his century in 324 minutes, off 216 balls, and hit eight fours."<ref>{{cite web |title=Fourth Test Match, West Indies v India 1988-89 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153144.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113195550/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153144.html |archive-date=13 January 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> The innings was considered one of his best considering that the Sabina Park [[Cricket pitch|wicket]] was among the fastest in the world.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dhaliwal |first1=Ravi |title=End of a controversial yet effervescent career |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99dec25/saturday/head5.htm |website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |access-date=7 August 2018 |date=25 December 1999}}</ref> He totalled 179 runs at an [[Batting average (cricket)|average]] of 29.83 for the series.<ref>{{cite web |title=Records, India in West Indies Test Series, 1988/89, Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=299;type=series |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 August 2018}}</ref>

Touring [[Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 1989–90|Pakistan in 1989–90]], Sidhu averaged 38.42 in four Tests,<ref>{{cite web |title=Records, India in Pakistan Test Series, 1989/90, Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=301;type=series |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 August 2018}}</ref> with his best performance coming in the Fourth test in [[Sialkot]]. He rescued India in their second innings when down 38/4 putting together a century [[Partnership (cricket)|stand]] with [[Sachin Tendulkar]] while making 97. He was named man of the match.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fourth Test Match, Pakistan v India 1989-90 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/152037.html |work=Wisden |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227103325/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/152037.html |archive-date=27 December 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sidhu injured his wrist in the First Test of [[Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 1989–90|India's tour of New Zealand]] later that season, while facing an aggressive spell of [[fast bowling]] by [[Danny Morrison (cricketer)|Danny Morrison]], ruling him out of the series.<ref>{{cite web |title=First Test, India v New Zealand 1989-90 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/152041.html |work=Wisden |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123003914/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/152041.html |archive-date=23 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> He had a poor [[Indian cricket team in England in 1990|tour of England]] and [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 1991–92|Australia]] averaging 11.20 and 20.40, totaling 56 and 102 runs respectively, both three-Test series.<ref name="howstat1">{{cite web |title=Navjot Sidhu - Performance Analysis by Series |url=http://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Players/PlayerSeries.asp?PlayerID=1591#bat |website=howstat.com |access-date=9 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809073527/http://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Players/PlayerSeries.asp?PlayerID=1591 |archive-date=9 August 2018}}</ref> After poor performances at the domestic level, he was omitted from the 16-member side that was selected to [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 1992–93|tour South Africa]] starting October 1992. [[Ajay Jadeja]] replaced him in the squad.<ref>{{cite news |title=Raman, Chetan, Kumble recalled |work=The Indian Express |date=2 October 1992 |page=16}}</ref>

Sidhu was recalled when [[English cricket team in India in 1992–93|England toured India]] later that season. He made his third Test hundred in the Second Test in [[Madras]], scoring 106 off 273 balls while opening the innings. He struck a partnership with Tendulkar who made 165 taking their team to 560 before [[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|declaration]]. India went on to win the match and the series.<ref>{{cite web |title=Second Test, India v England 1992-93 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/153611.html |work=Wisden |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130053348/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/153611.html |archive-date=30 November 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sidhu particularly attacked spinner [[John Emburey]] in his innings that included nine fours.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Smyth |first1=Rob |last2=Bagchi |first2=Rob |title=India v England - as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/dec/17/india-england-fouth-test-day-five |website=The Guardian |access-date=9 August 2018 |language=en |date=17 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2nd Test, England tour of India at Chennai, Feb 11-15 1993 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/16457/scorecard/63599 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref> He aggregated 235 in the series at 58.75.<ref>{{cite web |title=Records, England in India Test Series 1992/93, Most Runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=330;type=series |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref> Sidhu was India's best performer in the ODI series that followed, scoring 287 runs at 57.40. He played two match-winning knocks: a 76 in [[Sector 16 Stadium|Chandigarh]] followed by an unbeaten 134 in [[Captain Roop Singh Stadium|Gwalior]]. He received man of the match awards for both performances.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu, Azhar haul India to victory |work=The Indian Express |date=5 March 1993 |page=16}}</ref> The latter innings followed after India were down having lost two wickets with 4 runs on the board. Sidhu put together a 175-run stand with [[Mohammad Azharuddin]] for the third wicket.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fifth One-day International, India v England 1992-93 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/150949.html |access-date=9 August 2018 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |agency=Wisden}}</ref> En route to his century, Sidhu passed 2,000 runs in ODIs.<ref>{{cite web |title=India v England, Charms Cup 1992/93 (6th ODI) |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/57/57044.html |website=CricketArchive |access-date=9 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008232629/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/57/57044.html |archive-date=8 October 2015}}</ref> After India's series-leveling victory in the final game, Sidhu was given the man of the series award.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sixth One-day International, India v England 1992-93 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/150950.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127181649/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/150950.html |archive-date=27 January 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

His first ODI century came against [[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistan]] in [[Sharjah]] in 1989 while his 134 against [[England cricket team|England]] at [[Gwalior]] in 1993 was his highest ODI score and the innings which he called his best when he retired in 1999.<ref name="cricinfo">{{cite news |title='Sherry' calls it a day |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/78743.html |access-date=6 August 2018 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |date=2 December 1999 |language=en}}</ref> Sidhu told in an interview that an article criticising his dismal performance changed his cricketing life.<ref>{{cite news |last1=DelhiOctober 20 |first1=India Today Web Desk New |last2=October 20 |first2=India Today Web Desk New |last3=Ist |first3=India Today Web Desk New |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu turns 55: A look at his journey from a cricketer to politician |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/navjot-singh-sidhu-268950-2015-10-20 |access-date=26 January 2019 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
After a string of poor performances in 1983, [[Rajan Bala]], a noted [[cricket]] columnist, wrote an article on him titled "Sidhu: The Strokeless Wonder" in the ''[[The Indian Express|Indian Express]]''. It was an epiphany that changed his life and he started taking his cricketing career seriously.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lifeinchandigarh.com/news-views_transformation-from-a-strokeless-wonder-to-a-palm-grove-hitter |title=A Palm Grove Hitter - lifeinchandigarh |website=lifeinchandigarh.com |access-date=6 November 2019}}</ref>

After his improved performance in 1987 World Cup, the same columnist wrote an article titled "Sidhu: From Strokeless Wonder To A Palm-Grove Hitter", applauding his performance.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bhatia |first1=Ramaninder K. |title=I was so shy I dreaded facing the media after hitting a ton |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/interviews/I-was-so-shy-I-dreaded-facing-the-media-after-hitting-a-ton/articleshow/7203594.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=6 August 2018 |date=2 January 2011}}</ref>

Sidhu scored over 500 Test runs in a year thrice (1993, 1994 and 1997). His only Test double century came during [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 1996–97|India's 1997 tour of the West Indies]]. In 1994, he scored 884 ODI runs. Sidhu was the first Indian batsman to score more than 5 centuries in one day internationals.<ref>{{cite news |title=Farewell 2018: That Was The Year That Was. Indiablooms - First Portal on Digital News Management |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/news-details/N/45156/farewell-2018-that-was-the-year-that-was.html |access-date=26 January 2019 |work=Indiablooms.com}}</ref>
[[File: Navjot Singh Sidhu on the sets of Sony Max in 2012.jpg|thumb|Navjot Singh Sidhu on the sets of Sony Max.]]

===201 against the West Indies and retirement===
Sidhu walked out of [[Indian cricket team in England in 1996|India's 1996 tour of England]] citing differences with captain [[Mohammad Azharuddin]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lele reveals why Sidhu walked out of 1996 England tour |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/india-in-australia/top-stories/Lele-reveals-why-Sidhu-walked-out-of-1996-England-tour/articleshow/10489326.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=3 May 2017 |date=25 October 2011}}</ref> Following this, he was banished from the team for ten Tests by the BCCI eventually making a return in the [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 1996–97|1996–97 tour of West Indies]]. He scored a [[Century (cricket)|double century]] in the Second Test at [[Queen's Park Oval|Port of Spain]], his first in Tests. Coming off 488 balls in 671 minutes, it was one of the slowest in Test history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Slowest double hundreds |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/wi/content/records/284129.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref> He reached his century on day two,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gaundalkar |first1=Anant |title=The ins and outs of Navjot Sidhu |url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/mar/18e.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=3 May 2017 |date=18 March 1997}}</ref> and after having scored only 94 runs on the third day, reached the double on the morning of day four. En route, he put on a 171-run stand with [[Rahul Dravid]] and a 171-run stand with Tendulkar. The match ended in a draw.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sidhu strikes |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/153333.html |work=Wisden |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506040104/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153333.html |archive-date=6 May 2011 |date=20 August 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref> Barring the 201, Sidhu had an average series and aggregated 276 at 46.00 in six innings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Test Series 1996/97 Averages, India v West Indies |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1996-97/IND_IN_WI/IND_IN_WI_FEB-MAY1997_TEST_AVS.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref>

Sidhu was dropped from the Test side for the [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 1998–99|series against Pakistan]] after a poor [[Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 1998–99|tour of New Zealand in 1998–99]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Jadeja, Sidhu out of Test squad |url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/1999/jan/21e.htm |access-date=8 January 2019 |work=Rediff.com |date=21 January 1999}}</ref>

He announced his retirement from all forms of cricket in December 1999. He played 51 Test matches and over 100 ODIs scoring over 7,000 international runs. He scored 27 First class centuries in an 18-year career.<ref name="cricinfo"/>

Known for his tendency to attack spinners, he cracked eight sixes in 124 against Sri Lanka in 1993–94, and four fifties in five innings against the Australians in 1997–98, deliberately singling out [[Shane Warne]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/34028.html |title=Navjot Sidhu |access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref>

Some of the nicknames he earned were "Sixer Sidhu" for his prolific batting performances and "Jonty Singh" with respect to his improved fielding in his late career, [[Jonty Rhodes]] being the best fielder at that time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wctimeline/content/story/78755.html |title=Navjot Sidhu: From 'Sid who?' to 'Sixer Sidhu!' |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |author=Anand Vasu |date=3 December 1999}}</ref>

=== Career best performances ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%"
|-
! rowspan="1" |
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" |Batting
|-
!
!Score
!Fixture
!Venue
!Season
|-
|'''[[Test cricket|Test]]'''
| align="center" |201
|[[West Indies national cricket team|West Indies]] v [[India national cricket team|India]]
|[[Queen's Park Oval|Queen's Park Oval, Port of Spain]]
| align="center" |1997<ref name="rediff1">{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/1999/dec/13sidhu.htm |title=Rediff On The NeT: Navjot Singh Sidhu fact file |last1=Menon |first1=Mohandas |date=13 December 1999 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000604215510/https://www.rediff.com/sports/1999/dec/13sidhu.htm |archive-date=4 June 2000 |access-date=7 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[One Day International|ODI]]'''
| align="center" |134[[not out|*]]
|[[India national cricket team|India]] v [[England national cricket team|England]]
|[[Captain Roop Singh Stadium|Captain Roop Singh Stadium, Gwalior]]
| align="center" |1993<ref name="rediff1" />
|-
|'''[[First-class cricket|FC]]'''
| align="center" |286
|[[Jamaica national cricket team|Jamaica]] v [[India national cricket team|Indians]]
|[[Sabina Park|Sabina Park, Kingston]]
| align="center" |1989<ref name="rediff1" />
|-
|'''[[List A cricket|LA]]'''
| align="center" |139
|[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]] v [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|[[Gandhi Sports Complex Ground|Gandhi Sports Complex Ground, Amritsar]]
| align="center" |1996<ref>{{cite web |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1996-97/IND_LOCAL/RANJI_OD/NORTH/PNJB_J+K_ROD-N_23OCT1996.html |title=Ranji One-Day North Zone League, 1996/97, Punjab v Jammu & Kashmir |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref>
|}

==Commentator and television career==
Sidhu started his career as a commentator when [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2001|India toured Sri Lanka in 2001]]. As a commentator, he was noted for his [[one-line joke|one-liners]], which came to be known as "[[wikiquote:en:Navjot Singh Sidhu|Sidhuisms]]". ''[[Sony Max]]'' that broadcast the games from the series launched a website, sidhuisms.com, where one-liners from his commentary were posted as "Sidhuism of the day" and contests held for users to pick his best one-liner.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wickets are like wives—you never know which way they will turn |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010903/login/main5.htm |access-date=14 October 2018 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=3 September 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021226130933/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010903/login/main5.htm |archive-date=26 December 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CELEBRATES Navjot Singh Sidhu's ... |url=http://www.sidhuisms.com |website=Sidhuisms |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011119104640/http://www.sidhuisms.com/ |archive-date=19 November 2001}}</ref>

[[File:Sanjay Dutt,Navjot Singh Siddhu, Shibani Dandekar on DLF IPL Extraaa Innings show (3).jpg|thumb|Sidhu (''center'') on ''[[Extraaa Innings T20]]'' during [[2012 Indian Premier League|IPL 2012]] with [[Isa Guha]] (''right'') and guest [[Sanjay Dutt]] (''left'')]]
After he was sacked from [[Star Sports Network|ESPN-Star]] for swearing on air, Sidhu was signed up for commentary on ''[[Ten Sports]]''. He also regularly appeared as an expert on various Indian news channels. Sidhu started to work again for ''ESPN Star Sports'' in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=STAR Cricket Unveils a Brand New Hindi Presentation for the India England Cricket Series |url=https://businesswireindia.com/news/news-details/star-cricket-unveils-brand-new-hindi-presentation-india-england-cricket-series/33392 |access-date=14 October 2018 |work=businesswireindia.com |date=14 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014034233/https://businesswireindia.com/news/news-details/star-cricket-unveils-brand-new-hindi-presentation-india-england-cricket-series/33392 |archive-date=14 October 2018}}</ref> He was a part of the team that commentated for ''[[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony]]'' during the [[2014 Indian Premier League|2014 season]] of the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). This led to a dispute with ''Star India'' who alleged that Sidhu had breached his {{INR}}22.5 [[crore]] contract with them by working for their competitor, and sought a refund.<ref>{{cite news |title=Star India and Navjot Sidhu dispute over 22.5-cr commentary deal goes to court |url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/star-india-navjot-sidhu-dispute-over-22-5-cr-commentary-deal |access-date=14 October 2018 |work=Sportskeeda |date=4 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030041719/http://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/star-india-navjot-sidhu-dispute-over-22-5-cr-commentary-deal |archive-date=30 October 2015 |language=en}}</ref>

Sidhu also figured as a judge on the television programme ''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]]''. He also appeared in other similar programmes, such as ''Funjabi Chak De''. He acted in a TV series called ''[[Kareena Kareena]]'' as himself. He was a contestant on the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss 6]]'', and had to make an exit from the show on account of political grounds in 2012.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://scrutinybykhimaanshu.blogspot.com/2012/10/bigg-boss-6-contestants.html |title=Bigg Boss 6: Meet the contestants |date=6 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/navjot-singh-sidhu-set-to-quit-bigg-boss-6-campaign-gujarat-polls-120952-2012-11-08 |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu set to quit Bigg Boss 6 on Friday |date=8 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Navjot-Singh-Sidhu-to-leave-Bigg-Boss-tomorrow-Wife/articleshow/17143335.cms?referral=PM |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu to leave Bigg Boss tomorrow: Wife |access-date=8 November 2012 |work=The Times of India |date=8 November 2012}}</ref>

In 2013, Sidhu was seen in the comedy show ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]'' as a permanent guest until the show ended in 2016. He was seen as a permanent guest on ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]] season 1 and 2'' and ''[[Family Time With Kapil Sharma]]''.

In early 2019, Sidhu caused controversy when he was interpreted as supporting Pakistan, in his response to the [[2019 Pulwama attack|Pulwama Terrorist Attack]] that killed 40 personnel of India's border security forces. He was asked to leave season 2 of ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]'' that he had been a permanent guest on for a long time, and was replaced by [[Archana Puran Singh]].<ref name="India Today 2019">{{cite web |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu thrown out of The Kapil Sharma Show over comment on Pulwama attack |website=India Today |date=16 February 2019 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/navjot-singh-sidhu-thrown-out-of-the-kapil-sharma-show-over-comment-on-pulwama-attack-1457627-2019-02-16 |access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref>

[[Cyrus Sahukar]] used to host a program on MTV, ''Piddhu the Great'', where he is disguised as Piddhu, a lookalike of Sidhu. The one-liners in the program, similar to Sidhuisms, are called "Pidhuisms". A similar [[Caricature|caricaturisation]] was performed on season 1 of ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]'' by [[Sunil Grover]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Unnikrishnan |first1=Chaya |title=I am still stuck in my childhood: Cyrus Sahukar |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-i-am-still-stuck-in-my-childhood-cyrus-sahukar-1702509 |website=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014034623/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-i-am-still-stuck-in-my-childhood-cyrus-sahukar-1702509 |archive-date=14 October 2018 |date=15 June 2012}}</ref>[[File:Navjot Singh Siddhu, Shibani Dandekar, Gaurav Kapoor on DLF IPL Extraaa Innings show (1).jpg|thumb|Sidhu (''left'') on ''[[Extraaa Innings T20]]'', 2012]]
Sidhu made a [[cameo appearance]] in the 2004 Hindi film ''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]'' as a [[Sports commentator|commentator]] during a cricket match.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jul/30mujhse.htm |title='Mujhse Shaadi Karogi' is another 'Main Hoon Na' |last1=Verma |first1=Sukanya |date=30 July 2004 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> In the 2008 [[Punjabi language]] film ''[[Mera Pind]]'', he appeared in a pivotal role alongside singer [[Harbhajan Mann]], playing the role of a [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|non-resident Indian]] who returns to his motherland despite living a successful life abroad.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-navjot-singh-sidhu-to-act-in-films-1149293 |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu to act in films |date=5 February 2008 |work=[[United News of India]] |access-date=1 August 2017 }}</ref> His most recent film appearance came in 2015 in ''[[ABCD 2]]''; another cameo that saw him play the permanent guest in ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/abcd-2-review-dance-is-remo-d-souza-s-forte-not-filmmaking/story-kzoPeqxbISzkUq3aHZjfKM.html |title=ABCD 2 review: Dance is Remo D'Souza's forte, not filmmaking |last1=Kaushal |first1=Sweta |date=21 June 2015 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref> Sidhu returned to commentary after a decade, for the [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024 season]] of the IPL, working for ''Star Sports''.<ref>{{cite news |title=IPL 2024: Navjot Singh Sidhu returns to commentary box after decade |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/ipl-2024-navjot-singh-sidhu-returns-to-commentary-box-after-decade/3431661 |work=Financialexpress |date=20 March 2024 |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title="Shahid Afridi With Brains": Navjot Singh Sidhu's Sensational Praise For KKR Star In IPL 2024 |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2024/shahid-afridi-with-brains-navjot-singh-sidhus-sensational-praise-for-kkr-star-in-ipl-2024-5297445 |work=NDTV |date=24 March 2024 |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Show
! scope="col" |Role(s)
! scope="col" |Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2005–2008
| ''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]]''
| Judge
|
| <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/02gilc.htm |title=Laughter Challenge is back! |date=2 May 2007 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Kyaa Hoga Nimmo Kaa]]''
| God
|
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20060327-now-navjot-singh-sidhu-to-play-god-in-balajis-show-783409-2006-03-27 |title=Now, Navjot Singh Sidhu to play God in Balaji's show |last=Dangor |first=Kimi |access-date=24 January 2018 |work=India Today |date=27 March 2006}}</ref>
|-
| 2007–2008
| ''[[Funjabbi Chak De]]''
| Judge
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k7/nov/novrel12.php |title=Join the Funjabbis on Star One with Mandira Bedi & Navjot Singh Sidhu |date=16 November 2007 |access-date=31 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2008–2015
| ''[[Extraaa Innings T20]]''
| Himself
| Member of expert panel
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.in/cricket/story/_/id/22289959 |title=The IPL earns its cricket cred |date=28 May 2012 |publisher=ESPN |access-date=3 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Entertainment Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega]]''
| Guest judge
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/tv/behind-the-scenes/entertainment-ke-liye-/On-the-sets-Entertainment-Ke-Liye-/articleshow/6511203.cms |title=Entertainment Ke Liye...' |date=7 September 2010 |access-date=24 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|Bigg Boss 6]]''
| Contestant
|Walked, Day 34
| <ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Navjot-Singh-Sidhu-leaves-the-Bigg-Boss-house/articleshow/17171025.cms |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu leaves the Bigg Boss house |date=10 November 2012 |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2013–2016
| ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''
| rowspan="2" |Permanent guest
|
| <ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/navjot-singh-sidhu-kapil-sharma-quits-the-kapil-sharma-show-politics-3042290/ |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu has already quit The Kapil Sharma Show. Here's the reason |date=22 September 2016 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2016–2017, 2018–2019
| ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''
|
| <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/navjot-singh-sidhu-will-continue-to-appear-on-the-kapil-sharma-show-and-he-has-a-very-valid-reason-274030.html |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu Will Continue To Appear On The Kapil Sharma Show And He Has A Very Valid Reason! |date=23 March 2017 |work=[[Times Internet]] |access-date=1 August 2017 }}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Har Mard Ka Dard]]''
| Monty's father
|Cameo Role
| <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/navjot-singh-sidhu-will-be-seen-in-this-tv-show-next-tkss-lifetv-963101-2017-02-28 |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu will be seen in this TV show next |last1=Keshri |first1=Shweta |date=28 February 2017 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2025–Present
| ''[[The Great Indian Kapil Show]]''
|Permanent guest
|
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/family-time-with-kapil-sharma-first-episode-he-returns-as-a-boring-unimaginative-oprah-on-a-budget/story-JUtgA139vrg6PkwPeIwqYO.html |title=Family Time With Kapil Sharma Episode 1 review: He returns as a boring, unimaginative Oprah on a budget |date=26 March 2018 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2024–Present
|''[[Indian Premier League]]''
|Commentator
|
|
|-
|2001–Present
|Indian Cricket/Star Sports
|Commentator
|
|
|}

== Political career ==
===Bharatiya Janata Party===
Sidhu won on a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ticket from the [[Amritsar]] seat in the [[2004 Indian general elections]]. After resigning due to a court case against him, he stood again after the ruling stayed. He won a by-election with a good majority. In the 2009 general elections defeating Om Prakash Soni of INC by 6858 votes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.electionplans.com/election/state/india/constituency/2389/200904/ |title=General Elections Results : Apr 2009 : Amritsar Parliamentary |publisher=electionplans.com |access-date=23 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023054108/http://www.electionplans.com/election/state/india/constituency/2389/200904 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This was what Sidhu had to say after not being nominated as party's from [[Amritsar]] in the [[2014 Indian general election]].

<blockquote>Amritsar is the place where my work and action speaks for itself. Since, I started contesting elections from this holy place, I have promised myself never to abandon this place. Either, I will contest from Amritsar, or else I won't contest elections.<ref>{{cite news |last1=International |first1=Asian News |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu firm on contesting Lok Sabha elections from Amritsar |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/navjot-singh-sidhu-firm-on-contesting-lok-sabha-elections-from-amritsar-111506 |access-date=26 January 2019 |work=Cricket Country |date=15 March 2014}}</ref></blockquote>

Reiterating that he has no opposition to the decision as he considered himself as [[Arun Jaitley]]'s protege. However, he was firm on his stand of not contesting from any constituency while accepting the decision, wholeheartedly, announced by the party.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/navjot-singh-sidhu-firm-on-contesting-lok-sabha-elections-from-amritsar-111506 |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu firm on contesting Lok Sabha elections from Amritsar |first=Asian News |last=International |date=15 March 2014 |website=Cricket Country |access-date=3 January 2020}}</ref>

===Rajya Sabha MP===
Navjot Singh Sidhu took the oath as a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] on 28 April 2016. As per reports, Sidhu was given the [[Rajya Sabha]] nomination in a bid to prevent him from joining the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/navjot-singh-sidhu-takes-oath-as-rajya-sabha-member-see-pics_1880389.html |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu takes oath as Rajya Sabha member – SEE PICS |date=28 April 2016 |access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref> However he resigned from the [[Rajya Sabha]] on 18 July 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/navjot-singh-sidhu-resigns-from-rajya-sabha-amid-aap-buzz/story-oWCoRBXdYAv9BSRg2Jb6JP.html |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu stumps BJP, quits Rajya Sabha amid AAP buzz |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=18 July 2016 |access-date=18 June 2016}}</ref>

===Aawaaz-e-Punjab===
On 2 September 2016, Sidhu along with [[Pargat Singh]] and Bains brothers formed a new political front - Aawaaz-e-Punjab claiming to fight against those working against Punjab.<ref>{{cite news |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu forms Aawaaz-e-Punjab |website=The Times of India |date=2 September 2016 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navjot-Singh-Sidhu-forms-new-front-Awaaz-e-Punjab/articleshow/53978835.cms}}</ref>

===Indian National Congress===
In January 2017, Sidhu joined the [[Indian National Congress]]. Contesting from [[Amritsar East Assembly constituency|Amritsar East]] in the [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017 Punjab Assembly elections]], he won the election by a margin of 42,809 votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Navjot Sidhu wins Amritsar (East) seat by over 40,000 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/navjot-sidhu-wins-amritsar-east-seat-by-over-40000-votes-889188-2017-03-11 |work=India Today |access-date=11 March 2017 |date=11 March 2017}}</ref> He was sworn in as a minister in the cabinet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indtoday.com/amarinder-singh-takes-oath-as-punjab-cm-navjot-singh-sidhu-as-minister/ |title=Amarinder Singh takes oath as Punjab CM, Navjot Singh Sidhu as Minister - INDToday |website=indtoday.com |date=16 March 2017}}</ref>

As Minister of Tourism and Local Bodies, Sidhu contributed to the Project Virasat<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/-thatheras-of-jandiala-guru-find-saviour-in-minister/596101.html |title=The Tribune: 'Thatheras' of Jandiala Guru find saviour in minister |last=Amritsar |first=Tribune News Service |date=28 May 2018 |access-date=1 July 2019 |archive-date=1 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701063133/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/-thatheras-of-jandiala-guru-find-saviour-in-minister/596101.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> to revive India's only handicraft on [[UNESCO]]'s list of [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|Intangible Cultural Heritage]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists |title=UNESCO Traditional brass and copper craft of utensil making among the Thatheras of Jandiala Guru, Punjab, India |publisher=UNESCO |language=en |access-date=1 July 2019}}</ref> This craft of making brass utensils is professed by the [[Thathera]]s of [[Jandiala Guru]] area, which falls under his former [[Lok Sabha]] constituency of [[Amritsar Lok Sabha constituency|Amritsar]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rana |first=Yudhvir |date=24 June 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/age-old-craft-of-thatheras-to-get-new-life/articleshow/64715430.cms |title=Jandiala utensils: Age-old craft of thatheras to get new life |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 July 2019}}</ref>

In 2018, Sidhu went to Pakistan for swearing in event of Pakistan prime minister Imran Khan. At the event he had hugged Pakistani army head [[Qamar Javed Bajwa]].<ref name= TI>{{Cite news |date=28 September 2021 |title=From cricket to politics, dramatic moments in Navjot Singh Sidhu's career |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/from-cricket-to-politics-dramatic-moments-in-navjot-singh-sidhus-career/articleshow/86589275.cms |access-date=4 October 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Then Punjab Chief minister [[Amarinder Singh|Amrinder Singh]] criticised him for doing this.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sehgal |first=Manjeet |date=22 August 2018 |title=Sidhu's hug for Pakistan Army chief Bajwa creates fissures in Punjab Congress |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sidhu-s-hug-for-pakistan-army-chief-bajwa-creates-fissures-in-punjab-congress-1320819-2018-08-22 |access-date=5 October 2021 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In June 2019, Sidhu was sacked from the Local Bodies Ministry and Tourism ministry by CM Amarinder Singh.<ref name="LatestLY 9 June 2019">{{cite news |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu, Stripped of Local Bodies Ministry, Now Left Out of 8 Key Advisory Groups Formed by Punjab CM Amarinder Singh |url=https://www.latestly.com/india/politics/navjot-singh-sidhu-stripped-of-local-bodies-ministry-now-left-out-of-8-key-advisory-groups-formed-by-punjab-cm-amarinder-singh-911814.html |access-date=7 April 2022 |work=LatestLY |date=9 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

On 23 April 2019, the [[Election Commission of India|Indian Election Commission]] banned Sidhu from election campaigning for 72 hours for violating the model code of conduct. Earlier the Commission issued a notice to Sidhu for seeking votes on religion lines at a rally in [[Katihar district|Katihar]] district of [[Bihar]].

On 14 July 2019, Sidhu tweeted a copy of his resignation from the [[Government of Punjab, India|Punjab Cabinet]], dated 10 June 2019 and addressed to [[Rahul Gandhi]].<ref name="Hindu14Jul2019">{{cite news |last1=Vasudeva |first1=Vikas |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu resigns from Punjab Cabinet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/navjot-singh-sidhu-resigns-from-punjab-cabinet/article28427484.ece |access-date=14 July 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=14 July 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="ET14Jul2019">{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu resigns from the Punjab Cabinet |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/navjot-singh-sidhu-resigns-from-the-punjab-cabinet/articleshow/70213132.cms |access-date=14 July 2019 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=14 July 2019}}</ref> On 20 July 2019, Punjab Chief Minister [[Captain Amarinder Singh]] and Punjab Governor [[V.P. Singh Badnore]] accepted Sidhu's resignation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamaljit Kaur |first1=Sandhu |title=Punjab CM Amarinder Singh, Governor accepts Navjot Singh Sidhu's resignation |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/punjab-cm-amarinder-singh-accepts-navjot-singh-sidhu-s-resignation-1571496-2019-07-20 |access-date=20 July 2019 |work=India Today |date=20 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghazali |first1=Mohammed |last2=Achom |first2=Debanish |title=Punjab Chief Minister Amarinder Singh Accepts Navjot Sidhu's Resignation |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-chief-minister-amarinder-singh-accepts-navjot-singh-sidhus-resignation-2072501 |access-date=20 July 2019 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=20 July 2019}}</ref> Later, Sidhu openly criticised the Punjab Government about their handling of the Sacrilege Case, however the party termed it as a diversity of views.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=19 May 2021 |title=As Sidhu-Amarinder rift grows, Congress says no factionalism in Punjab, only diversity of opinions |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/as-sidhu-amarinder-rift-grows-congress-says-no-factionalism-in-punjab-only-diversity-of-opinions-1804218-2021-05-19 |access-date=17 June 2021 |work=India Today}}</ref>

On 18 July 2021, Sidhu was appointed President of [[Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee]] replacing [[Sunil Kumar Jakhar|Shri Sunil Jakhar]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 July 2021 |title=Appointment of PCC President & Working Presidents of Punjab PCC |work=Indian National Congress |url=https://www.inc.in/media/press-releases/press-release-appointment-of-pcc-president-and-working-presidents-of-punjab-pcc |access-date=22 September 2021}}</ref>

On 28 September 2021, Navjot Singh Sidhu resigned as Punjab Congress President. He sent his resignation letter to the party chief Sonia Gandhi. But high command rejected his resignation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2021 |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu Resigns as Punjab Congress President |url=https://www.thelivemirror.com/navjot-singh-sidhu-resigns-as-punjab-congress-president/ |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=The Live Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]], Sidhu, contesting from the [[Amritsar East Assembly constituency|Amritsar East]] seat, lost to [[Aam Aadmi Party]] candidate [[Jeevan Jyot Kaur]].<ref name="Mint2022">{{Cite news |date=10 March 2022 |title=Punjab results 2022: State Congress chief Navjot Sidhu loses from Amritsar East |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/punjab-results-2022-state-congress-chief-navjot-sidhu-loses-from-amritsar-east-11646905658858.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Mint |language=en}}</ref>

===Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur Corridor===
In August 2018, former Indian cricketer turned politician and current Tourism Minister of the [[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]], Navjot Singh Sidhu was invited to the oath taking ceremony of the newly elected prime minister of [[Pakistan]], [[Imran Khan]]. After being attacked over his decision to hug [[Qamar Javed Bajwa]], the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] of the [[Pakistan Army]], Sidhu claimed that Bajwa had assured him of opening the corridor before the 550th birth anniversary of [[Guru Nanak]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/kartarpur-corridor-mission-for-24-yrs-he-now-sees-hope/641493.html |title=Kartarpur corridor mission for 24 yrs, he now sees hope |last=Singh |first=Jupinderjit |date=23 August 2018 |work=The Tribune |access-date=10 March 2021 |archive-date=23 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823143357/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/kartarpur-corridor-mission-for-24-yrs-he-now-sees-hope/641493.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/govt-to-approach-pm-on-kartarpur-corridor/640763.html |title=Govt to approach PM on Kartarpur corridor |last=Singh |first=Rajmeet |date=22 August 2018 |work=The Tribune |access-date=10 March 2021 |archive-date=24 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824183447/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/govt-to-approach-pm-on-kartarpur-corridor/640763.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Subsequently, [[Government of Pakistan]] in September 2018, decided to open the [[Kartarpur corridor]] before the 550th birth anniversary of [[Guru Nanak]] for visa-free entry of followers of [[Sikhism]] from [[India]] to [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sikhs-to-get-visa-free-access-to-kartarpur-gurdwara-pakistan/articleshow/65726655.cms |title=Sikhs to get visa-free access to Kartarpur gurdwara: Pakistan |date=8 September 2018 |website=The Times of India |access-date=3 January 2020}}</ref> After the corridor opening was confirmed by Pakistan's [[Ministry of Information, Broadcasting and National Heritage (Pakistan)|Information and Broadcasting Minister]] [[Fawad Chaudhry]], Navjot Singh Sidhu appreciated his cricket friend [[Imran Khan]] for taking such a great step.<ref>{{cite news |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu thanks 'friend' Imran Khan for Kartarpur corridor announcement |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/sep/07/navjot-singh-sidhu-thanks-friend-imran-khan-for-kartarpur-corridor-announcement-1868906.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908125029/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/sep/07/navjot-singh-sidhu-thanks-friend-imran-khan-for-kartarpur-corridor-announcement-1868906.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 September 2018 |access-date=10 March 2021 |work=The New Indian Express |date=7 September 2018}}</ref>

In late November 2018, Sidhu came under controversy with a photo of [[Khalistan Liberation Force|Khalistani]] separatist leader Gopal Singh Chawla, a controversial Khalistani separatist leader accused of having close ties with [[Hafiz Muhammad Saeed|Hafiz Saeed]]. Sidhu dismissed those claims and claimed "Thousands of people met me every day in Pakistan and clicked photographs with me. How would I know who Chawla or Cheema is?".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/on-pakistan-return-sidhu-asks-whos-chawla/articleshow/66874150.cms |title=Who's Chawla? Navjot Singh Sidhu on pic with separatist |first1=Yudhvir |last1=Rana |first2=Vibhor |last2=Mohan |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=30 November 2018 |access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref>

==Controversies and conversations==
=== Pulwama attack ===
{{See also|Pulwama attack}}
On 15 February 2019, during an appearance on ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]'', Sidhu condemned the recent attack on Indian soldiers in Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir as "cowardly and dastardly". However, he found himself in a controversy when he went on to ask: "For a handful of people, can you blame the entire nation of [[Pakistan]] and can you blame an individual?"<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Abhishek |last2=PTI |title="Can You Blame Entire Nation?" Anger Over Navjot Sidhu's Pulwama Remark |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/navjot-sidhu-condemns-pulwama-attack-but-follows-up-with-controversial-remark-1994264 |access-date=10 March 2021 |publisher=NDTV |date=16 February 2019}}</ref>

The comments drew heavy criticism. BJP leader [[Giriraj Singh]] demanded that Sidhu be expelled from the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rahul-gandhi-should-sack-sidhu-from-cong-apologise-before-nation-giriraj-singh/story-szyKs6HwmYv2Xi3EoTxHvO.html |title='Rahul Gandhi should sack Sidhu from Cong, apologise before nation': Giriraj Singh |date=17 February 2019 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref>

On 16 February, it was reported that ''The Kapil Sharma Show'' had responded by removing Sidhu as presenter and permanent guest, with [[Archana Puran Singh]] replacing him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/navjot-singh-sidhu-sacked-from-the-kapil-sharma-show-5587080/ |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu sacked from The Kapil Sharma Show after comments on Pulwama attack |date=16 February 2019 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=16 February 2019}}</ref>

=== Balakot air strike===
{{Main|2019 Balakot airstrike}}
Sidhu criticised [[Indian Air force]]'s anti-terrorism operation at [[Balakot]] in Pakistan. He questioned by tweet, 'Were you uprooting terrorist or trees?' Sidhu questioned the purpose of Balakot air strike.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/were-you-uprooting-terrorist-or-trees-sidhu-questions-the-purpose-of-balakot-air-strikes/article26429327.ece |title='Were you uprooting terrorist or trees?' Sidhu questions the purpose of Balakot air strikes |newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 March 2019}}</ref>

==Conviction for road rage homicide==
Sidhu (aged 25 in 1988) along with his friend Rupinder Singh Sandhu (aka Bunny Sandhu) were accused of assaulting and causing the death of a 65-year-old man named Gurnam Singh. On 27 December 1988, Sidhu and Sandhu were in their car parked near Sheranwala Gate Crossing in Patiala. Gurnam Singh in his car was on his way to a bank, and asked Sidhu to give them way. In the ensuing altercation, Gurnam was beaten by Sidhu who fled the scene. Gurnam was taken to a hospital where he was declared dead.<ref name="Bunny Sandhu">{{cite news |title=Worried for Navjot Sidhu today, sad he has to go through so much: Bunny Sandhu who was earlier acquitted in the case |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/worried-for-navjot-sidhu-today-sad-he-has-to-go-through-so-much-bunny-sandhu-who-was-earlier-%C2%A0acquitted-in-the-case-396496 |access-date=20 May 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=20 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="indiankanoon1">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1991049/ |title=State Of Punjab vs Navjot Singh Sidhu And Anr. on 6 December, 2006 |access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref> According to a witness, Gurnam was killed by a blow to the head by Sidhu.<ref name="Prisoner"/>

Sidhu was arrested by [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] after the incident and was lodged in Patiala jail for several days. He was charged with murder along with Sandhu as co-accused. Sidhu pleaded not guilty and denied all charges against him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/navjot-sidhu-surrenders-lodged-patiala-jail |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028215937/http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/navjot-sidhu-surrenders-lodged-patiala-jail |url-status=dead |title=Navjot Sidhu surrenders, lodged in Patiala jail |archive-date=28 October 2012 |access-date=3 January 2020}}</ref> He claimed in court that he was "falsely involved in this case by the complainant party".<ref name="indiankanoon1" /> Jaswinder Singh, nephew of Gurnam Singh, claimed that he was a witness to the quarrel and was ready to testify in the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2006/dec/06sidhu3.htm |title=Sidhu to move SC, claims innocence |work=Rediff.com |date=6 December 2006}}</ref> In September 1999, the trial court acquitted Sidhu.

In 2006, the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] reversed the verdict of the trial court and held both of them guilty of [[culpable homicide not amounting to murder]] for the death of Gurnam Singh in Patiala.<ref name="Bunny Sandhu" /> The court sent him to jail for three years in the road rage case.<ref name="Bunny Sandhu" />

Both the convicts then appealed in the [[Supreme Court of India]]. In 2007, the Supreme Court suspended Sidhu's sentence and granted him bail. The suspended sentence allowed him to contest the [[Amritsar Lok Sabha constituency|Lok Sabha bypolls from Amritsar]].<ref name="NDTVSep2018">{{cite news |last1=Vaidyanathan |first1=A. |last2=Debanish |first2=Achom |title=Navjot Sidhu, Fined In Road Rage Case, May Face Jail; Top Court To Decide |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/navjot-singh-sidhu-may-face-jail-in-1998-road-rage-case-for-which-he-was-fined-supreme-court-to-deci-1915488 |access-date=13 March 2022 |publisher=NDTV |date=13 September 2018}}</ref> In 2018, a bench headed by Justices Chalemeswar and Sanjay Kishan Kaul let the two off with a fine of ₹ 1,000 without any jail term, saying "there was no evidence to prove that the death was caused by the single blow" dealt by Sidhu. The court noted that Sidhu did not use a weapon.<ref name="NDTVSep2018"/><ref name="Tribune SC verdict" />

The complainants filed a review plea in the Supreme court. The court noted that the hand can also be used as a "weapon by itself where a boxer, wrestler, cricketer, or an extremely physically fit person inflicts a blow." The court said, "The blow was not inflicted on a person identically physically placed but a 65-year-old person, more than double his age. Respondent no.1 (Sidhu) cannot say that he did not know the effect of the blow or plead ignorance on this aspect." "It is not as if someone has to remind him of the extent of the injury which could be caused by a blow inflicted by him. In the given circumstances, tempers may have been lost but then the consequences of the loss of temper must be borne." Sidhu was judged guilty of the offence of simple hurt under section 323 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). On 19 May 2022, the Supreme Court convicted him for voluntarily causing hurt (Section 323 of the [[Indian Penal Code]]) and sentenced him to 1 year rigorous imprisonment. Section 323 (punishment for voluntarily causing hurt) of IPC has a maximum jail term of up to one year or a fine up to Rs 1,000 or both.<ref name="Tribune SC verdict">{{cite news |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu gets 1-year jail term in road rage case |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sc-verdict-on-review-plea-on-its-order-of-letting-off-navjot-sidhu-with-fine-in-1988-road-rage-case-shortly-396199 |access-date=20 May 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=19 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

He was imprisoned in [[List of prisons in India#Punjab|Patiala Jail]] along with his rival Shiromani Akali Dal leader [[Bikram Singh Majithia]] against whom Sidhu contested in the 2022 Punjab Assembly elections. On 1 April 2023, he was released after spending nearly 10 months in jail.<ref name="Prisoner">{{cite news |title=How Navjot Sidhu, Prisoner Number 241383, Will Spend His Time In Jail |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/what-a-day-in-jail-will-look-like-for-navjot-singh-sidhu-2995341 |access-date=20 May 2022 |work=NDTV.com |date=20 May 2022}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

==In popular culture==
A [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Azhar (film)|Azhar]]'' released in 2016, directed by Tony D'Souza, was based on his teammate [[Mohammad Azharuddin]]'s life and revolves around [[South Africa cricket match fixing|Match fixing scandals in late 90s and 2000]]. Sidhu's character was portrayed by [[Manjot Singh]] in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=29 June 2015 |title=Manjot Singh to play Navjot Sidhus role in Azhar |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/manjot-singh-to-play-navjot-sidhu-s-role-in-azhar-115062900535_1.html |access-date=22 March 2021 |work=Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=30 June 2015 |title=Manjot Singh to play Navjot Singh Sidhu in 'Azhar' |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/manjot-singh-to-play-navjot-singh-sidhu-in-azhar-1.1542953 |access-date=22 March 2021 |work=Gulf News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=29 June 2015 |title=Manjot Singh to play Navjot Sidhu's role in 'Azhar' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/manjot-singh-to-play-navjot-sidhus-role-in-azhar/ |access-date=22 March 2021 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
===Lok Sabha===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! Constituency
! colspan="2"|Party
! Votes
! %
! Opponent
! colspan="2"|Opponent Party
! Opponent Votes
! %
! Result
! Margin
! %
|-
! [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| [[Amritsar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amritsar]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
| 392,046
| 48.13
| [[Om Parkash Soni]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
| 385,188
| 47.29
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 6,858
| 0.84
|-
! 2007
| [[Amritsar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amritsar ''(by-election)'']]
| 444,748
| 50.6
| Surinder Singla
| 367,122
| 41.77
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 77,626
| 8.83
|-
! [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| [[Amritsar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amritsar]]
| 394,223
| 55.38
| [[Raghunandan Lal Bhatia]]
| 284,691
| 39.99
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 109,532
| 15.39
|-
|}

===Punjab Legislative Assembly===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! Constituency
! colspan="2"|Party
! Votes
! %
! Opponent
! colspan="2"|Opponent Party
! Opponent Votes
! %
! Result
! Margin
! %
|-
! [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Amritsar East Assembly constituency|Amritsar East]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
| 32,929
| 30.49
| [[Jeevan Jyot Kaur]]
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| 39,679
| 36.74
| {{no2|Lost}}
| -6,750
| -6.25
|-
! [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| 60,477
| 60.68
| Rakesh Kumar Honey
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 17,668
| 17.73
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 42,809
| 42.95
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131015160754/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=4000 Official profile] at the [[Lok Sabha]] (Indian Parliament) website
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=34028}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Sunil Kumar Jakhar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President [[Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee]]|years=2021 – 2022}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Amrinder Singh Raja Warring]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Navboxes
|title= India squads
|bg= #0077FF
|fg= white
|bordercolor=#ff8800
|list1=
{{India Squad 1987 Cricket World Cup}}
{{India Squad 1988 Asia Cup}}
{{India Squad 1990–91 Asia Cup}}
{{India Squad 1995 Asia Cup}}
{{India Squad 1996 Cricket World Cup}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sidhu, Navjot Singh}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricket commentators]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 1987 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 1996 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:India One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India Test cricketers]]
[[Category:North Zone cricketers]]
[[Category:Punjabi Sikhs]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:People from Patiala]]
[[Category:Politicians from Amritsar]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of manslaughter]]
[[Category:Indian sportsperson-politicians]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Amritsar]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Patiala]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Indian politicians disqualified from office]]
[[Category:Presidents of Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee]]

VKV Golaghat

2026-02-21T12:48:44Z

Julimye: created the entry and citations

{{Short description | Primary and Secondary School in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalaya Golaghat
| native_name = VKV Golaghat
| latin_name =
| logo = VKV Golaghat.png
| logo_size =
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| caption = Logo of VKV Golaghat
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| address = Ward #4
| location = Mission Road
| region =
| city = [[Golaghat]]
| state = [[Assam]]
| province =
| county =
| postal_code = 
| zipcode = 785 621
| country = [[India]]
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| schooltype = [[Private school|Private]], [[High School|Senior Secondary School]]
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| established = {{Start date and age|1988|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icbse.com/schools/vivekananda-kendra-vidyalaya/18180211507|title=Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalaya School Golaghat}}</ref>
| founded =
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| founder = [[Vivekananda Kendra]]

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| administrator = R. Devi (Joint Secretary, VKSPV)
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| principal = A. Goswami 
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| grade_preK = 50
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| grade1 = 106
| grade2 = 104
| grade3 = 99
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| grade5 = 105
| grade6 = 100
| grade7 = 92
| grade8 = 95
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| grade10 = 87
| grade11 = 35
| grade12 = 22
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'''Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalaya Golaghat''', (informally '''VKV Golaghat'''), is a ''Primary with Secondary'' and ''Senior Secondary'' school located at Ward # 4 on Mission Road, '''[[Golaghat]]''' in the state of [[Assam|Assam, India]]. Established in the year 1988 by [[Vivekananda Kendra]], it's a [[coed]] [[day scholar]] cum [[Residential school system|residential school]] with [[English language|English]] as the medium of instruction, besides equal emphasis in [[Assamese language|Asamiya]] and [[Hindi]]. The school celebrated its 25th anniversary in the year 2014.

== Overview ==
VKV Golaghat has classes from [[pre-kindergarten]] to 12. The school houses a common library along with a grass playground for its pupils. The administration of the school is headed by the Principal. Affiliated to [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]], the school conducts [[All India Secondary School Examination|AISSE]] for its pupils at grade 10 and ''All India Senior Secondary School Examination'' (AISSCE) for its pupils at grade 12. Almost all of the school's pupils go on to universities after completing their senior secondary examinations. The school celebrated its silver jubilee anniversary in the year 2014.

== History ==
Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalaya Golaghat was established in 1988 under the auspices of the [[Vivekananda Kendra]], Kanyakumari – a spiritually oriented service mission. The school was constructed on a plot located on Mission Road, Golaghat, donated by [[Robin Banerjee|Dr. Robin Banerjee]], a [[Padma Shri]] awardee renowned humanitarian. The school began to operate in the year 1988 from its present premises and gradually expanded and became a Senior Secondary School.

== Present ==
Affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), [[New Delhi]], VKV Golaghat is administrated by ''Vivekananda Kendra Shiksha Prasar Vibhag''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/state2/story.php?sec=2&subsec=14&id=294353&dtP=2017-01-08&ppr=1|title=Three-day social science exploratory project concludes, ''The Sentinel''|work=Correspondent|date=7 January 2017}}</ref> – the educational branch of Vivekananda Kendra, [[Kanyakumari]], a spiritually orientated service organization inspired by the philosophies of [[Swami Vivekananda]].

The available subject combinations for grade 12 students are: 
'''Senior Secondary Course (Science)''':
*Compulsory: [[Physics]], [[Chemistry]], [[Mathematics]], [[English Studies|English]].
*Optional: [[Computer science]], [[Biology]]
'''Secondary Course (Commerce)''':
*Compulsory: [[Accountancy]], [[Business studies]], English, [[Economics]].
*Optional: Computer science, Mathematics, Informatics practices
The first batch of Secondary students (Class X) passed in the year 2000. The institute has classes from Pre-nursery to Class XII and has separate Computer, Physics, Chemistry, Biology laboratories for higher studies. [[Physical training]], [[Art and craft]], [[Yoga]] and [[Music]] are other soft skills taught to its pupils.

The school is known to have good sports' performers and have maintained a good reputation in All India CBSE sports,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1041001/asp/northeast/story_3825762.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222195839/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1041001/asp/northeast/story_3825762.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2017|title= Guwahati schools come up trumps – DPS, Duliajan best team in CBSE meet, ''The Telegraph (Calcutta – Gauhati)''|work=Staff reporter|date=30 September 2004|accessdate= 1 October 2004}}</ref> including securing 2nd position in 50m [[backstroke]] at East Zone CBSE [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]] tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eastern-today.com/entries/assam/golaghat-vkv-shines-at-cbse-sports|title=Golaghat VKV shines at CBSE sports, ''The Eastern Today''|work=ET Correspondent|date=24 November 2015}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Vivekananda Kendra]]
*[[Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalaya]]
*[[Golaghat]]
*[[Golaghat district]]
*[[Robin Banerjee|Dr. Robin Banerjee]]
*[[Education in Assam]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.vkvgolaghatalumniassociation.elisting.in/ VKV Golaghat Alumni Association]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Assam}}

[[Category:Golaghat district]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Schools in Golaghat]]
[[Category:Vivekananda Kendra schools]]
[[Category:Private schools in Assam]]

Inquisitorial system

2026-02-12T22:21:31Z

Julimye: small fix

{{Short description|Type of legal system}}
{{distinguish|text=the [[Inquisition]], a system of Catholic religious courts}}
{{Refimprove|date=February 2021}}
An '''inquisitorial system''' is a [[legal system]] in which the [[court]], or a part of the court, is actively involved in investigating the facts of the case. This is distinct from an [[adversarial system]], in which the role of the court is primarily that of an impartial referee between the [[plaintiff]] or [[prosecution]] and the [[defendant|defense]].

Inquisitorial systems are used primarily in countries with [[civil law (legal system)|civil legal systems]], such as France and Italy, or legal systems based on [[Sharia|Islamic law]] like Saudi Arabia,<ref>Dammer, Harry R. and Albanese Jay S.; [https://archive.org/details/comparativecrimi0000damm_k9u8/page/n7/mode/2up?view=theater ''Comparative Criminal Justice Systems''], [https://archive.org/details/comparativecrimi0000damm_k9u8/page/148/mode/2up?view=theater ''pg. 149''] {{ISBN|128506786X}}</ref> rather than in [[common law]] systems. It is the prevalent legal system in [[Continental Europe]], Latin America, African countries not formerly under British rule, East Asia (except Hong Kong), Indochina, Thailand, and Indonesia. Most countries with an inquisitorial system also have some form of [[civil code]] as their main source of law. Countries using common law, including the [[United States]], may use an inquisitorial system for summary hearings in the case of [[misdemeanor]]s or [[civil infraction|infractions]], such as minor traffic violations.

The distinction between an adversarial and inquisitorial system is theoretically unrelated to the distinction between a civil legal and common-law system. Some legal scholars consider ''inquisitorial'' misleading, and prefer the word '''nonadversarial'''.<ref>Glendon MA, Carozza PG, Picker CB. (2008) ''Comparative Legal Traditions'', p. 101. Thomson-West.</ref> The function is often vested in the office of the [[public procurator]], as in China, Japan, and Germany.

==Overview==

{{Off topic|date=December 2024|2=Odd Overview Section}}

In an inquisitorial system, the trial judges (usually plural in serious criminal cases) act as inquisitors who actively participate in the fact-finding process by questioning defense lawyers, prosecutors, and witnesses. They may also order specific pieces of evidence to be examined if they find the presentations by the defense or prosecution inadequate. Prior to the case getting to trial, magistrate judges (''[[Examining magistrate|juges d'instruction]]'' in France) participate in the investigation of a case, often assessing material by police and consulting with the prosecutor.

The inquisitorial system applies to questions of [[criminal procedure]] at trial, not [[substantive law]]; that is, it determines how criminal inquiries and trials are conducted, not the kind of crimes for which one can be prosecuted or the sentences that they carry. It is most readily used in some [[civil law (legal system)|civil legal systems]]. However, some jurists{{who|date=December 2025}} do not recognize this dichotomy, and see procedure and substantive legal relationships as being interconnected and part of a theory of [[justice]] as applied differently in various legal cultures.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

In an [[adversarial system]], judges focus on the issues of [[law]] and [[procedural law|procedure]] and act as a referee in the contest between the [[defendant|defense]] and the [[Prosecutor|prosecution]]. [[Jury|Juries]] decide matters of fact, and [[Jury nullification|sometimes matters of the law]]. Neither [[judge]] nor [[jury]] can initiate an inquiry, and judges rarely ask [[witness]]es questions directly during [[trial]].{{cn|date=December 2025}} In some United States jurisdictions, it is common practice for jurors to submit questions to the court that they believe were not resolved in [[direct examination|direct]] or [[cross-examination]]. After [[testimony]] and other [[evidence (law)|evidence]] are presented and summarized in arguments, the jury will declare a [[verdict]] (literally ''true statement'') and in some jurisdictions the reasoning behind the verdict; however, discussions among jurors cannot be made public except in extraordinary circumstances.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why it’s time to allow researchers access to jury deliberations |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/research/research-for-the-world/society/why-its-time-to-allow-access-to-jury-deliberations |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science |access-date=9 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

Appeals on the basis of factual issues, such as sufficiency of the sum total of evidence that was properly admitted, are subject to a [[standard of review]] that is in most jurisdictions deferential to the judgment of the fact-finder at trial, be that a judge or a jury. The failure of a prosecutor to disclose evidence to the defense, for example, or a violation of the defendant's constitutional rights ([[right to counsel|legal representation]], [[right to silence|right to remain silent]], [[right to a fair trial|an open and public trial]]) can trigger a dismissal or [[new trial|re-trial]]. In some adversarial jurisdictions (e.g., the [[United States]], and England and Wales), a prosecutor cannot appeal a [[acquittal|"not guilty" verdict]] (absent corruption or gross [[malfeasance]] by the court).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-7th-circuit/1420701.html|title=FindLaw's United States Seventh Circuit case and opinions.|website=Findlaw}}</ref>

In adversarial systems, the defendant may plead "[[guilt (law)|guilty]]" or "[[nolo contendere|no contest]]," in exchange for reduced sentences, a practice known as [[plea bargain]]ing, or a plea deal, which is an extremely common practice in the United States. In theory, the defendant must allocute or "voice" his or her crimes in open court, and the judge must believe the defendant is telling the truth about his or her guilt. In an inquisitorial system, a [[confession (law)|confession]] of guilt would not be regarded as ground for a guilty verdict. The prosecutor is required to provide evidence supporting a guilty verdict. But this requirement is not unique to inquisitorial systems, as many or most adversarial systems impose a similar requirement under the name ''[[corpus delicti]]''.

==History==
{{see also|Canon law of the Catholic Church|Legal history of the Catholic Church}}
{{more citations needed |section |find=Inquisitorial system|find2=history|discuss=Unsourced history section|date=March 2023}}

Until the development of the Catholic [[Medieval Inquisition]] in the 12th century, the legal systems used in medieval [[Europe]] generally relied on the adversarial system to determine whether someone should be tried and whether a person was guilty or innocent. Under this system, unless people were caught in the act of committing crimes, they could not be tried until they had been formally accused by their victim, the voluntary accusations of a sufficient number of witnesses, or by an [[inquest]] (an early form of [[grand jury]]) convened specifically for that purpose. A weakness of this system was that, because it relied on the voluntary accusations of witnesses, and because the penalties for making a false accusation were severe, victims and would-be witnesses could be hesitant to make accusations to the court, for fear of implicating themselves. Because of the difficulties in deciding cases, procedures such as [[trial by ordeal]] or [[trial by combat|combat]] were accepted.

Beginning in 1198, [[Pope Innocent III]] issued a series of decretals that reformed the ecclesiastical court system. Under the new {{lang|la|processus per inquisitionem}} (inquisitional procedure), an ecclesiastical magistrate no longer required a formal accusation to summon and try a defendant. Instead, an [[ecclesiastical court]] could summon and interrogate witnesses of its own initiative. If the (possibly secret) testimony of those witnesses accused a person of a crime, that person could be summoned and tried. In 1215, the [[Fourth Council of the Lateran]] affirmed the use of the inquisitional system. The council forbade clergy from conducting trials by ordeal or combat.

As a result, in parts of continental Europe, the ecclesiastical courts operating under the inquisitional procedure became the dominant method by which disputes were adjudicated. In France, the {{lang|fr|[[parlement]]s}} — lay courts — also employed inquisitorial proceedings.<ref>See:
* {{in lang|it}} Antonia Fiori, "{{lang|it|[https://www.academia.edu/30229857/_Quasi_denunciante_fama_note_sull_introduzione_del_processo_tra_rito_accusatorio_e_inquisitorio_in_O._CONDORELLI_F._ROUMY_M._SCHMOECKEL_Hg._Der_Einfluss_der_Kanonistik_auf_die_europ%C3%A4ische_Rechtskultur_Bd._3_Strafrecht_und_Strafproze%C3%9F_K%C3%B6ln_Weimar_Wien_2012_pp._351-367 ''Quasi denunciante fama'' : note sull’introduzione del processo tra rito accusatorio e inquisitorio]|italic=unset}}", in {{lang|de|''Der Einfluss der Kanonistik auf die europäische Rechtskultur'', 3. ''Strafrecht und Strafprozeß''|italic=unset}}, ed. O. Condorelli, Fr. Roumy, M. Schmoeckel; Cologne, Weimar, Vienna, 2012, p. 351–367
* Richard M. Fraher, "IV Lateran's Revolution in Criminal Procedure: the Birth of {{lang|la|inquisitio}}, the End of Ordeals and Innocent III's Vision of Ecclesiastical Politics", in {{lang|la|Studia in honorem eminentissimi cardinalis Alphonsi M. Stickler|italic=yes}}, ed. Rosalius Josephus Castillo Lara. Rome: [[Salesian Pontifical University]] ({{lang|la|Pontificia studiorum universitas salesiana, Facilitas juris canonici, Studia et textus historie juris canonici|italic=no}}, 7), 1992, p. 97–111
* {{in lang|de}} Lotte Kéry, "{{lang|la|Inquisitio-denunciatio-exceptio}}: {{lang|de|Möglichkeiten der Verfahrenseinleitung im Dekretalenrecht|italic=unset}}, {{lang|de|Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, Kanonistische Abteilung|italic=yes}}, 87, 2001, p. 226–268.
* {{in lang|fr}} {{lang|fr|Julien Théry|italic=no}}, "{{lang|fr|[https://www.academia.edu/499318/_Fama_lopinion_publique_comme_preuve._Aper%C3%A7u_sur_la_r%C3%A9volution_m%C3%A9di%C3%A9vale_de_linquisitoire_XIIe-XIVe_si%C3%A8cles_dans_La_preuve_en_justice_de_lAntiquit%C3%A9_%C3%A0_nos_jours_%C3%A9d._Bruno_Lemesle_Presses_universitaires_de_Rennes_2003_p._119-147 ''fama'' : L’opinion publique comme preuve. Aperçu sur la révolution médiévale de l'inquisitoire (XIIe–XIVe s.)]|italic=unset}}", in {{lang|fr|La preuve en justice de l'Antiquité à nos jours|italic=yes}}, ed. Br. Lemesle. Rennes: {{lang|fr|[[Presses Universitaires de Rennes]]|italic=no}}, 2003, p. 119–147, online].
* {{lang|fr|Julien Théry|italic=no}}, "[https://www.academia.edu/5821488/_Judicial_Inquiry_as_an_Instrument_of_Centralized_Government_The_Papacy_s_Criminal_Proceedings_against_Prelates_in_the_Age_of_Theocracy_mid-12th_to_mid-14th_century_dans_Proceedings_of_the_14th_International_Congress_of_Medieval_Canon_Law_Citt%C3%A0_del_Vaticano_2016_p._875-889 Judicial Inquiry as an Instrument of Centralized Government: The Papacy’s Criminal Proceedings against Prelates in the Age of Theocracy (mid-12th to mid-14th century)]", in ''Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Medieval Canon Law'', Vatican City, 2016, p. 875–889.
* {{in lang|de}} Winfried Trusen, "{{lang|de|Der Inquisitionsprozess : seine historischen Grundlagen und frühen Formen|italic=no}}", {{lang|de|Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, Kanonistische Abteilung|italic=yes}}, 74, 1988, p. 171–215</ref>

In England, however, King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] had established separate secular courts during the 1160s. While the ecclesiastical courts of England, like those on the continent, adopted the inquisitional system, the secular [[common law]] courts continued to operate under the adversarial system. The adversarial principle that a person could not be tried until formally accused continued to apply for most criminal cases. In 1215 this principle became enshrined as article 38 of the [[Magna Carta]]: "No bailiff for the future shall, upon his own unsupported complaint, put anyone to his law, without credible witnesses brought for this purposes."

The first territory to wholly adopt the inquisitional system was the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. The new [[History of the principle of inquisition in German criminal law|German legal process]] was introduced as part of the {{lang|de|Wormser Reformation}} of 1498 and then the {{lang|la|Constitutio Criminalis Bambergensis}} of 1507. The adoption of the {{lang|la|[[Constitutio Criminalis Carolina]]}} ({{lang|de|peinliche Gerichtsordnung}} of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]) in 1532 made inquisitional procedures empirical law. It was not until [[Napoleon]] introduced the {{ill|Code of criminal procedure of 1808|fr|Code d'instruction criminelle (France)|v=sup}} on 16 November 1808, that the classical procedures of inquisition were ended in all German territories.

In the development of modern legal institutions that took place in the 19th century, for the most part jurisdictions codified their [[private law]] and [[criminal law]], and reviewed and [[codification (law)|codified]] the rules of [[civil procedure]] as well. It was through this development that the role of an inquisitorial system became enshrined in most European civilian legal systems. However, there exist significant differences of operating methods and procedures between 18th-century {{lang|fr|[[ancien régime]]}} courts and 19th-century courts. In particular, limits on the powers of investigators were typically added, as well as increased rights of the defense.

It is too much of a generalization to say that the civil law is purely inquisitorial and the common law adversarial. The ancient [[Roman law|Roman]] [[custom (law)|custom]] of [[arbitration]] has now been adapted in many common-law jurisdictions to a more inquisitorial form. In some mixed civil law systems, such as those in [[Scots law|Scotland]], [[Quebec law|Quebec]], and [[Law of Louisiana|Louisiana]], while the substantive law is civil in nature and evolution, the procedural codes that have developed over the last few hundred years are based upon the English adversarial system.

==Modern usage==

===France===
{{more cn |section |find=Inquisitorial system |find2=history France |date=March 2023}}

The main feature of the inquisitorial system in [[Criminal justice system of France|criminal justice in France]], and other countries functioning along the same lines, is the function of the examining or [[Investigating judge (France)|investigating judge]] ({{lang|fr|juge d'instruction}}), also called a magistrate judge. The examining judge conducts investigations into serious crimes or complex inquiries. As a member of the [[French judiciary|judiciary]], they are independent and outside the province of the executive branch, and therefore separate from the Office of Public Prosecutions, which is supervised by the [[Minister of Justice (France)|Minister of Justice]].

Despite high media attention and frequent portrayals in TV series, examining judges are active in a small minority of cases. In 2005, there were 1.1 million criminal rulings in France, while only 33,000 new cases were investigated by judges.<ref>''[http://www.justice.gouv.fr/art_pix/1_chiffrescles06.pdf Les chiffres-clés de la Justice]'', French Ministry of Justice, October 2006</ref> The vast majority of cases are therefore investigated directly by law enforcement agencies ([[French National Police|police]], [[French Gendarmerie|gendarmerie]]) under the supervision of the Office of Public Prosecutions (''procureurs'').

Examining judges are used for serious crimes, e.g., [[murder]] and [[rape]], and for crimes involving complexity, such as [[embezzlement]], misuse of public funds, and [[political corruption|corruption]]. The case may be brought before the examining judge either by the public prosecutor (''procureur'') or, more rarely, by the victim (who may compel an ''instruction'' even if the public prosecutor rules the charges to be insufficient).

The judge questions witnesses, interrogates suspects, and orders [[search warrant|search]]es for other investigations. Their role is not to prosecute the accused, but to gather facts, and as such their duty is to look for any and all [[evidence (law)|evidence]], whether incriminating or exculpatory (''à charge et à décharge''). Both the [[prosecution]] and the [[defense (legal)|defense]] may request the judge to act, and may appeal the judge's decisions before an appellate court. The scope of the inquiry is limited by the mandate given by the prosecutor's office: the examining judge cannot open a criminal investigation ''[[sua sponte]].''

In the past the examining judge could order committal of the accused, this power being subject to appeal. However, this is no longer authorized, and other judges have to approve a committal order.

If the examining judge decides there is a valid case against a suspect, the accused is sent for adversarial trial by jury. The examining judge does not sit on the trial court which tries the case and is prohibited from sitting for future cases involving the same defendant. The case is tried before the court in a manner similar to that of adversarial courts: the prosecution (and on occasion a plaintiff) seeks the conviction of accused criminals, the defense attempts to rebut the prosecution claims, and the [[judge]] and [[jury]] draw their conclusions from the evidence presented at trial.

As a result of judicial investigation and defendants being able to have judicial proceedings dismissed on procedural grounds during the examining phase, cases where the evidence is weak tend not to reach the trial stage. Conversely, the guilty [[plea]] and [[plea bargain]]ing were until recently unknown to French law. They are accepted only for crimes for which the prosecution seeks a sentence not exceeding one year imprisonment. Therefore, most cases go to trial, including cases where the prosecution is almost sure to gain a conviction. In countries such as the United States, the latter cases would be settled by plea bargain.

==Other types==

===Administrative justice===
In [[administrative law|administrative court]]s, such as the [[Conseil d'État (France)|Conseil d'État]], litigation proceedings are markedly more inquisitorial. Most of the procedure is conducted in writing; the plaintiff writes to the court, which requests explanations from the administration or public service concerned; when answered, the court may then request further detail from the plaintiff, etc. When the case is sufficiently complete, the lawsuit opens in court; however, the parties are not required to attend the court hearing. This method reflects the fact that administrative lawsuits are for the most part about matters of formal procedure and technicalities.

===Inquisitorial tribunals within the United States===
Certain administrative proceedings within some common-law jurisdictions in the United States may be similar to their civil law counterparts but are conducted on a more inquisitorial model. For instance tribunals dealing with minor traffic violations at the [[New York City Traffic Violations Bureau]] are held before an adjudicator, who also functions as a prosecutor. They question witnesses before rendering judgements and setting fines.

These types of tribunals or boards function as an expedited form of justice, in which the state agents conduct an initial investigation and the adjudicator's job is to confirm these preliminary findings through a simplified form of procedure that grants some basic amount of [[due process]] or [[fundamental justice]]. The accused party has an opportunity to place his or her objections on the record.

==See also==
* [[Adversarial system]]
* [[Judicial interpretation]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{in lang|it}} [https://www.academia.edu/30229857/_Quasi_denunciante_fama_note_sull_introduzione_del_processo_tra_rito_accusatorio_e_inquisitorio_in_O._CONDORELLI_F._ROUMY_M._SCHMOECKEL_Hg._Der_Einfluss_der_Kanonistik_auf_die_europ%C3%A4ische_Rechtskultur_Bd._3_Strafrecht_und_Strafproze%C3%9F_K%C3%B6ln_Weimar_Wien_2012_pp._351-367 Antonia Fiori, "''Quasi denunciante fama'' : note sull’introduzione del processo tra rito accusatorio e inquisitorio", in ''Der Einfluss der Kanonistik auf die europäische Rechtskultur'', 3. ''Strafrecht und Strafprozeß'', éd. O. Condorelli, Fr. Roumy, M. Schmoeckel, Cologne, Weimar, Vienne, 2012, p. 351-367, online].
* Richard M. Fraher, « IV Lateran's Revolution in Criminal Procédure : the Birth of ''inquisitio'', the End of Ordeals and Innocent III's Vision of Ecclesiastical Politics », dans ''Studia in honorem eminentissimi cardinalis Alphonsi M. Stickler'', éd. Rosalius Josephus Castillo Lara, Rome, Librairie Ateneo Salesiano (Pontificia studiorum universitas salesiana, Facilitas juris canonici, Studia et textus historie juris canonici, 7), 1992, p. 97-111.
* {{in lang|de}} Lotte Kéry, « ''Inquisitio-denunciatio-exceptio'' : Möglichkeiten der Verfahrenseinleitung im Dekretalenrecht », ''Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, Kanonistische Abteilung'', 87, 2001, p. 226-268.
* [https://www.academia.edu/117264639/_Fama_Public_Opinion_as_a_Legal_Category_Inquisitorial_Procedure_and_the_Medieval_Revolution_in_Government_12th_14th_centuries_in_Micrologus_32_Dicitur_Hearsay_in_Science_Memory_and_Poetry_2024_p_153_193 Julien Théry, "''Fama'' : Public Opinion as a Legal Category. Inquisitorial Procedure and the Medieval Revolution in Government (12th-14th centuries)"], in Micrologus, 32 (« 'Dicitur'. Hearsay in Science, Memory and Poetry »), 2024, p. 153-193, online.
* [https://www.academia.edu/5821488/_Judicial_Inquiry_as_an_Instrument_of_Centralized_Government_The_Papacy_s_Criminal_Proceedings_against_Prelates_in_the_Age_of_Theocracy_mid-12th_to_mid-14th_century_dans_Proceedings_of_the_14th_International_Congress_of_Medieval_Canon_Law_Citt%C3%A0_del_Vaticano_2016_p._875-889 Julien Théry-Astruc, "Judicial Inquiry as an Instrument of Centralized Government : The Papacy’s Criminal Proceedings against Prelates in the Age of Theocracy (mid-12th to mid-14th century)", in "Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Medieval Canon Law", Città del Vaticano, 2016, p. 875-889, online].
* {{in lang|de}} Winfried Trusen, « Der Inquisitionsprozess : seine historischen Grundlagen und frühen Formen », ''Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte'', ''Kanonistische Abteilung'', 74, 1988, p. 171-215.

==Further reading==
* [[French Code of Criminal Procedure]] (''Code de procédure pénale'')
** [http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun=&code=CPROCPEL.rcv legislative part]
** [http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun=&code=CPROCPER.rcv regulatory section] — regulations taken after advice of the ''[[Council of State (France)|Conseil d'État]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240114124849/https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1906&context=vjtl The O.J. Inquisition: A United States Encounter With Continental Criminal Justice] by Myron Moskovitz, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law (November 1995)

{{Criminal procedure}}
{{Law}}
{{Portal bar|Law}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Inquisitorial System}}
[[Category:Judiciaries]]
[[Category:Legal history]]
[[Category:Legal systems]]
[[Category:Tribunals of the Catholic Church]]

Rakshit Atluri

2026-02-10T02:52:11Z

Julimye: starting the post needs work

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rakshit Atluri
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 18 June
| birth_place = [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2017{{ndash}}present
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}

'''Rakshit Atluri''' is an Indian actor who works in [[Telugu cinema]]. Atluri debuted in ''[[London Babulu]]'' (2017) for which he received [[16th Santosham Film Awards|Santosham Best Debut Actor Award]]. In 2020, he starred in the action thriller film ''[[Palasa 1978]]'' as Mohan Rao.

==Personal life and career==
Rakshit was born and brought up in [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-03|title=A challenging role for Rakshit. The actor talks about his new release Palasa 1978|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-asian-age/20200303/283124250934715|work=The Asian Age}}</ref> He made his debut in the 2017 film ''[[London Babulu]]'' directed by Chinni Krishna.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-03|title=For me, my character Mohan Rao's emotions define Palasa 1978: Rakshit Atluri - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/for-me-my-character-mohan-raos-emotions-define-palasa-1978-rakshit-atluri/articleshow/74594876.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> He was then selected to play the lead role in the 2020 film ''[[Palasa 1978]]'', in which he played Mohan Rao in four distinct decades of life.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-03|title='Palasa 1978' review: A good message lost in poor execution|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2020/mar/07/palasa-1978-review-a-good-message-lost-in-poor-execution-2113394.html|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> He was first seen as an 18-year-old, then 24, 40 and finally as a 60-year-old. Within 45 days, he learnt to speak Telugu in a dialect that fit the Palasa region.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Y. Sunita|last1=Chowdhary|access-date=2021-05-03|title='Palasa 1978' doesn't advocate violence, says actor Rakshit Atluri|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/interview-rakshit-atluri-palasa-1978/article29430219.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 September 2019|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Notes
|-
| 2017
| ''[[London Babulu]]''
| Gandhi
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Palasa 1978]]''
| Mohan Rao
|
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Narakasura (2023 film)|Narakasura]]''
| Shiva
|
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Operation Raavan]]''
| Anand Sriram
| Also lyricist and singer for "Poem"
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Sasivadane]]''
| Raghava
| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2025-08-19 |title=Sasivadane to release on October 10, 2025 |url=https://telanganatoday.com/sasivadane-to-release-on-october-10-2025 |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Work !! Result !! Ref.
|-
|2018
|[[16th Santosham Film Awards|Santosham Film Awards]]
|Best Debut Actor
|''[[London Babulu]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-03|title=16వ 'సంతోషం' అవార్డ్స్: ఉత్తమ నటుడు చిరంజీవి|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/santosham-south-indian-film-awards-16th-anniversary-here-is-the-2018-winners-list/articleshow/65564175.cms|website=Samayam Telugu}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|[[67th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
|''[[Palasa 1978]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for the 67th Parle Filmfare Awards South 2022 with Kamar Film Factory |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-67th-parle-filmfare-awards-south-2022_-55551.html |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Vijayawada]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]

Vikkatakavi

2026-02-05T22:29:21Z

Julimye: created the post initial version

{{Short description|Indian thriller series}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Vikkatakavi.jpeg
| caption =
| genre = Suspense thriller
| writer = Saitej Desharaj
| director = Pradeep Maddali
| starring = {{ubl|Naresh Agastya|Megha Akash}}
| music = Ajay Arasada
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| producer = [[Ram Talluri]]
| cinematography = Shoeb Siddiqui
| editor = Sai Babu Talari
| company = SRT Entertainments
| first_aired = {{Start date|2024|11|28|df=yes}}
}}
'''''Vikkatakavi: The Chronicles of Amaragiri''''' is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] streaming television series. Set against the backdrop of 1970s [[Telangana]], the series follows the journey of Ramakrishna, a young detective.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-16 |title=Manoj Bajpayee starrer Despatch to screen at International Film Festival of India 2024 |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/manoj-bajpayee-starrer-despatch-to-screen-at-international-film-festival-of-india-2024-776735 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=WION |language=en-us}}</ref> The storyline centers on a small village where residents mysteriously begin losing their memories. Ramakrishna, also known as Vikkatakavi, steps in to uncover the mystery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devulapally |first=Aditya |date=2024-11-18 |title=ZEE5 web series Vikkatakavi to premiere at IFFI |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Nov/18/zee5-web-series-vikkatakavi-to-premiere-at-iffi |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajendra |first=Galeti |title=Vikkatakavi OTT: ఓటీటీలోకి రాబోతున్న డిటెక్టివ్ సస్పెన్స్ థ్రిల్లర్ మూవీ.. ట్రైలర్‌తోనే గూస్ బంప్స్ |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/hero-vishwak-sen-unveiled-the-trailer-of-zee5-original-vikkatakavi-web-series-121730980386015.html |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

The series is produced by [[Ram Talluri]] of SRT Entertainments and directed by Pradeep Maddali. The lead roles are played by Naresh Agastya and [[Megha Akash]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-08 |title=Naresh Agastya, Megha Akash's Vikkatakavi Progressing at Rapid Pace |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/zee5-web-series-vikkatakavi-reaches-the-halfway-mark-888851 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
The story revolves around Ramakrishna, portrayed by Naresh Agastya, a young detective who is drawn into a mysterious case in the enigmatic kingdom of Amaragiri. Villagers who enter the [[Nallamala Hills|Nallamalla Forest]] at night are mysteriously losing their memories, and local legends point to a curse of a goddess. As Ramakrishna delves deeper, he uncovers a complex web of historical conspiracies, political schemes, and the tragic death of the king's son.

== Cast ==

* Naresh Agastya as Ramakrishna
* [[Megha Akash]] as princess Lakshmi
* Shiju AR as Raja Narasimha Rao
* Tarak Ponnappa as Mahadeva
* [[Raghu Kunche]] as Raghupathi
* Mukthar Khan as Azam Khan
* [[Amit Tiwari]] as Joseph/Veeranna
* Santosh Yadav
* RaviTeja Nannimala as Patel
* Ramya Durga Krishna as Gowry
* Ashok Kumar as Ayyagaru
* Rasha Kiramani as Yashodha
* Giridhar as Venkata Ratnam
* Sai Prasanna as Manga
* Latha as Rathamma
* Mihir Talsania as Pakistani Agent episode 5

== Production ==
The makers of ''Vikkatakavi'' officially announced the show on the occasion of [[Ugadi]] and launched its poster on April 10, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-04-09 |title=Naresh Agastya starrer detective series Vikkatakavi announced |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Apr/09/naresh-agastya-starrer-detective-series-vikkatakavi-announced |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> Produced by [[Ram Talluri]] under SRT Entertainments and directed by Pradeep Maddali,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2024-11-14 |title=ZEE5's Vikkatakavi: A Unique Blend of Mystery, History, and Thrills |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/zee5s-vikkatakavi-a-unique-blend-of-mystery-history-and-thrills-921601 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> the series has music composed by Ajay Arasada and a story written by Teja Desraj.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pradeep Maddali: We aimed to create timeless thrills with Vikkatakavi |url=https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/India/pradeep-maddali-we-aimed-to-create-timeless-thrills-with-vikkatakavi/ar-AA1u460p |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Cine Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-14 |title=Vikkatakavi: A Period Series Offering a Unique Experience, Says Director Pradeep Maddali |url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/entertainment/vikkatakavi-period-series-offering-unique-experience-says-director-pradeep |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en}}</ref> The trailer was unveiled by actor [[Vishwak Sen]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-11-07 |title=Vikkatakavi trailer: A detective must rescue a village riddled with superstitions |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Nov/07/vikkatakavi-trailer-a-detective-must-rescue-a-village-riddled-with-superstitions |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
''Vikkatakavi'' premiered on 28 November 2024 on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-11-01 |title=Naresh Agastya's Vikkatakavi gets a streaming date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Nov/01/naresh-agastyas-vikkatakavi-gets-a-streaming-date |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telangana's first detective series Vikkatakavi to premiere on November 28 on ZEE5 |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/telanganas-first-detective-series-vikkatakavi-to-premiere-on-november-28-on-zee5-article-12862100.html |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref> Prior to its release, it was screened at the [[55th International Film Festival of India]] on 23 November 2024.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-11-18 |title=Telugu Web Show Vikkatakavi To Be Screened At IFFI |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/telugu-web-show-vikkatakavi-to-be-screened-at-iffi-article-115419137 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZEE5's Vikkatakavi gets a special honor; to be screened at THIS prestigious film festival |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/zee-5s-vikkatakavi-gets-a-special-honor-will-be-screened-at-this-prestigious-film-festival/bcf0c4ef1b25 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-19 |title=Vikkatakavi OTT Release: Know when and where to watch this mystery series online |url=https://tech.hindustantimes.com/how-to/vikkatakavi-ott-release-know-when-and-where-to-watch-this-mystery-series-online-71732011114230.html |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=HT Tech |language=en}}</ref> Season 2 of the series, titled ''Vikkatakavi: The Chronicles of Parasuram'', is expected to be released in 2025.

== Episodes ==

=== Season 1 (2024) ===
{{Episode table|background=#F0D107|overall=|title=|director=|writer=|airdate=|airdateR=|country=|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Whispers of the Cursed
|DirectedBy = Pradeep Maddali
|WrittenBy = Saitej Desharaj
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Echoes of the Unseen
|DirectedBy = Pradeep Maddali
|WrittenBy = Saitej Desharaj
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Blood Moon Rising
|DirectedBy = Pradeep Maddali
|WrittenBy = Saitej Desharaj
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Lost Secrets
|DirectedBy = Pradeep Maddali
|WrittenBy = Saitej Desharaj
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Tales of the Unburnt
|DirectedBy = Pradeep Maddali
|WrittenBy = Saitej Desharaj
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Unleashing the Wrath
|DirectedBy = Pradeep Maddali
|WrittenBy = Saitej Desharaj
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* ''[https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/vikkatakavi/0-6-4z5649761 Vikkatakavi]'' on [[ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title|id=32047599}}

[[Category:Telugu-language web series]]
[[Category:2024 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Thriller web series]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Detective television series]]

Yadgar-e-Ghalib

2026-01-25T13:17:41Z

Julimye: created new biography first draft

{{Short description|1897 biography of Ghalib by Altaf Hussain Hali}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Yadgar-e-Ghalib
| image =
| caption =
| author = [[Altaf Hussain Hali]]
| title_orig = يادگار غالب
| orig_lang_code = ur
| translator =
| country = [[British Raj|British India]]
| language = [[Urdu]]
| subject = [[Ghalib]]
| genre = Biography
| publisher =
| publisher2 =
| pub_date = 1897
| english_pub_date =
| oclc = 21969593
| dewey =
| congress =
| native_wikisource =
}}
'''''Yadgar-e-Ghalib''''' (English: ''In Memory of Ghalib''), also spelled '''''Yadgare Ghalib''''' or '''''Yadgar-i-Ghalib''''', is an 1897 biography of Urdu poet [[Ghalib]], written by his disciple and writer/poet [[Altaf Hussain Hali]] (1837–1914). It is considered to be the first authentic work on Ghalib's life, personality, poetry and prose.

==Background==
Hali was a disciple of Ghalib. He was deeply affected by Ghalib's death in 1869, writing a sensitive [[elegy]] on Ghalib.{{sfn|Ram|1997|p=34}} Friends pressed him to compile a biography of Ghalib. However his preoccupation with other works prevented him from undertaking this work early and the biography ultimately published in 1897.{{sfn|Ram|1997|p=61}}

==Contents==
In the first part of the book, covering about a hundred pages, Hali has given whatever he could gather as regards the life of Ghalib. In the second part of the book, Hali has evaluated Ghalib as an author, as a poet of Urdu and Persian and as a prose writer.{{sfn|Ram|1997|p=62}}

Hali's general approach to Ghalib's poetry and personality borders on defence, glossing over the poet's personal shortcomings and providing relief by a perceptive analysis and interpretation of his poems.{{sfn|George|1997|p=2084}}

==Reception==
Universally regarded as a classic,<ref name="Kumar 2017">{{cite news |last=Kumar|first=Kuldeep|title=Breaking the language barrier|newspaper=The Hindu|date=6 Jan 2017|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/Breaking-the-language-barrier/article17000272.ece|access-date=7 Oct 2021}}</ref> ''Yadgar-e-Ghalib'' is considered to be the first authentic work on Ghalib's life, personality, poetry and prose.{{sfn|George|1997|p=2084}}

==References==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist|2}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book|editor-last=George|editor-first=K. M.|editor-link=K. M. George (writer)|title=Masterpieces of Indian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXFOAAAAYAAJ|volume=3|year=1997|publisher=[[National Book Trust]]|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-237-1978-8|page=2084}}
* {{cite book|last=Ram|first=Malik|author-link=Malik Ram|title=Hali|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yMFjAAAAMAAJ|series=[[Makers of Indian Literature]]|year=1997|orig-year=1982|edition=reprinted|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-260-0324-3|pages=34–35}}

==External links==
* [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00ghalib/hali/index.html ''Yadgar-e-Ghalib''] at [[Columbia University]] (Urdu)
* {{Google books|id=wsxjAAAAMAAJ}} (English translation)

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ghalib]]
[[Category:1897 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Urdu-language books]]
[[Category:Indian biographies]]
[[Category:Biographies about writers]]

Rohtas Fort, India

2026-01-07T15:17:08Z

Julimye: minor corrected formatting per standard format also and added references after review

{{Short description|Fort in Bihar, India}}
{{For|the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Pakistan|Rohtas Fort}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox military installation
|name = Rohtas Fort
|partof = [[Bihar]]
|location = [[Rohtas, India|Rohtas]] [[Bihar]], [[India]]
|image = Rohtasgarh Fort Entrance.jpg
|caption = Entrance Gate of Rohtas Fort
|map_type = India#India Bihar
|map_size = 300
|map_caption =
|type = [[Fort]]
|coordinates = {{coord|24.6233337|83.9155484|type:landmark|display=inline}}
|code =
|built =
|builder = {{ubl|[[Gahadavala dynasty]]|[[Khayaravala dynasty]]|[[Sur Empire]]|[[Mughal Empire]]}}
|materials = [[Granite]] [[Rock (geology)|Stones]] and lime mortar
|height =
|used =
|demolished =
|condition = Restored
|open_to_public =
|controlledby = [[Government of Bihar]]
|garrison =
|current_commander =
|commanders =
|occupants =
|battles =
|events =
}}
The '''Rohtasgarh''' or '''Rohtas Fort''' is located in the [[Son River]] valley, in the small town of [[Rohtas, India|Rohtas]] in [[Bihar]], India.

==Location==

Rohtasgarh is situated on the upper course of the river Son, 24° 57′ N, 84° 2′E. It takes around two hours from [[Sasaram]] to reach the foot of the hill over which is the Rohtas fort. It can be reached easily from the [[Dehri]] town, which has very good road network. One can also easily reach Rohtas fort via Akbarpur. The fort is situated at about 1500 feet above sea level. The 2000 old limestone steps were probably meant for elephants. For the visitor, they are exhausting climb of an hour and a half. At the end of the climb, one reaches the boundary wall of the fort. A dilapidated gate with a cupola can be seen there, which is the first of many gates provided for well-guarded entrances to the fort. From here one has to walk another mile or so before the ruins of Rohtas can be seen.

==History==
The early history of Rohtas is obscure. According to the local legends, the Rohtas hill was named after the [[Rohitāśva]], the son of a legendary king [[Harishchandra]]. However, the legends about Rohitāśva make no mention of this area, and no pre-7th century ruins have been found at the site.{{sfn|D.R. Patil|1963|pp=486-487}}

[[File:Rohtas seal of Shashanka.jpg|thumb|left|The Rohtas seal of [[Shashanka]].]]
The oldest record at Rohtas is a short inscription of "[[Samanta|Mahasamanta]] Shashanka-dava", whom [[John Faithfull Fleet]] identified with the [[Gauda Kingdom|Gauda]] king [[Shashanka]]. The [[Chandra dynasty|Chandra]] and [[List of rulers of Odisha|Tunga]] dynasties, which ruled in Bengal and Odisha regions respectively, traced their origin to a place called Rohitagiri, which may possibly be modern Rohtas.{{sfn|D.R. Patil|1963|p=487}} However, no evidence has been found at Rohtas to confirm this theory.{{sfn|D.R. Patil|1963|p=488}}

A 1223 CE (1279 [[Vikrama Samvat|VS]]) inscription suggests that Rohtasgarh was in possession of one Shri Pratapa.{{sfn|Roma Niyogi|1959|p=118}} The inscription states that he defeated a "Yavana" army; the "Yavana" here probably refers to a Muslim general.{{sfn|Roma Niyogi|1959|p=119}} [[Lorenz Franz Kielhorn|F. Kielhorn]] identified [[Shri Pratapa]] (Śrī-Pratāpa) as a member of the [[Khayaravala dynasty]], whose inscriptions have been found at other locations in the [[Rohtas district]]. The members of this dynasty ruled the Japila territory as feudatories, possibly that of the [[Gahadavala]]s. The Khayaravalas are probably represented by the modern [[Kharwar]]s.{{sfn|Roma Niyogi|1959|p=99}}{{sfn|D.R. Patil|1963|p=488}}
[[File:Rothasgarh Fort 28.jpg|thumb|Devi temple, Rohtasgarh fort]]
In 1539 CE, the Fort of Rohtas passed out of the hands of the [[Hindu king]]s into those of [[Sher Shah Suri]]. Sher Shah Suri had just lost the Fort at [[Chunar]] in a fight with the Mughal emperor [[Humayun]] and was desperate to gain a foothold for himself. Sher Shah requested the ruler of Rohtas that he wanted to leave his women, children and treasure in the safety of the fort, while he was away fighting in Bengal. The king agreed and the first few palanquins had women and children. But the later ones contained fierce Afghan soldiers, who captured Rohtas and forced the Hindu king to flee. During [[Sher Shah Suri]]'s reign 10000-armed men guarded the fort and it contained a permanent garrison.

Haibat Khan, a general of Sher Shah Suri built the Jami Masjid in 1543 AD, which lies to the west of the fort. It is made of white sandstone and comprises three domes each with a [[minaret]]. There is also a mausoleum of Habsh Khan, the ''daroga'' or the superintendent of works of Sher Shah.

In 1559 AD , it was ruled by the Raja Dushasan Shah (Surwar rajput) , ''Raja of Dhaudharh kingdom,'' also his descendants held the Quile-dari of this fortress <ref>{{Cite book |last=La Touche |first=J. D. |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35120 |title=Report On The Settlement Of The Ajmere Amp Mhairwarra Districts |date=1900}}</ref> , until they got defeated by Aurangzeb and shifted to Palamu region and established Namudag -Mahuari Kingdom.
[[File:Mausoleum - Habsh Khan.jpg|thumb]]

In 1558 AD, [[Raja Man Singh]], [[Akbar]]'s general and governor, ruled Rohtas. As the Governor of Bengal and Bihar, he made Rohtas his headquarters in view of its inaccessibility and other natural defenses. He built a splendid palace 'Mahal Sarai' for himself, renovated the rest of the fort, cleared up the ponds and made gardens in [[Persia]]n style. The palace was constructed in a north-south axis, with its entrance to the west with barracks for soldiers in front. The fort is still in a fairly good condition.
[[File:Mahal Sarai - Rohtasgarh.jpg|thumb|Mahal Sarai]]

After the death of Man Singh, the fort came under the jurisdiction of the office of the Emperor's wazir from where the governors were appointed. In 1621 AD, the Prince Khurram revolted against his father Jahangir and took refuge at Rohtas. The guardian of the fort, Saiyyad Mubarak handed over the keys of Rohtas to the prince. Khurram once again came to Rohtas for safety when he tried to win Avadh, but lost the battle of Kampat. His son Murad Baksh was born to his wife Mumtaz Mahal. During Aurangzeb's reign the fort was used as a detention camp for those under trial and housing prisoners sentenced for life.

In 1763 AD, in the Battle of Udhwa Nala, the Nawab of Bihar and Bengal, Mir Kasim, lost to the British and fled with his family to Rohtas. But he was not able to hide at the fort. Finally the Diwan of Rohtas, Shahmal handed it over to the British Captain Goddard. During his two-month stay at the fort, the Captain destroyed the storeroom and many of the fortifications. Goddard left, keeping some guards in charge of the fort, but they too left after a year.

There was peace at the fort for the next 100 years or so, which was at last broken at the time of the First War of Independence in 1857. Amar Singh, the brother of [[Kunwar Singh]], together with his companions took refuge here. There were many encounters with the British where the latter were at a disadvantage, for the jungles and the tribal in them were of great help to the Indian soldiers. Finally, after a long drawn out military blockade and many clashes, the British overcame the Indians.

==Architecture==
It is considered to be one of the largest forts in world as remnants of fort are spread across 42 square km. It has 83 gates and network of many underground place and tunnels.
<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Asher, C. B. |author2=Asher, F. M. |date=1984 |title=The Magnificent Hill Fort of Rohtas, India |journal=Archaeology |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=26–31 |jstor=41729120}}</ref>

===Hathiya Pol or Elephant Gate===

The main gate is known as the Hathiya Pol or the Elephant Gate, named after the two elephants, which decorate it. It is the largest of the gates and was made in 1597 AD.

===Takht-e-Badshahi, Diwaan-e-Khas, Baradari, Aina Mahal===

The largest structure within the fort palace is, the Takht-e-Badshahi, where Raja Man Singh resided. It is a four-storied building, with a cupola on top.
[[File:Inside Takht-e-Badshahi.jpg|thumb]]

There is an assembly hall in the second floor and a gallery resting on strong, engraved stone pillars.

The third floor has a tiny cupola, which opens into the women' quarters. From the fourth floor one can get a bird's eye view of the surrounding area, including Rohtasan Temple in the east, located about four kms away.
[[File:View from fourth floor.jpg|thumb]]

The residential quarters of Raja Man Singh were on the first floor, which was connected to the ladies' rooms via a gateway in the east.

[[File:Ruins of Aina Mahal.jpg|thumb|Ruins of Aina Mahal]]
Aina Mahal (Mirror Palace) was the palace of the chief wife of Raja Man Singh. It is located in the middle of the palace. Some beautiful carvings can still be seen inside and at the entrance.

An assembly hall, probably the Diwan-e-Khas or the hall or private audience is a little towards the west of Baradari or the hall of public audience. The hall is decorated with etchings of flowers and leaves, and lies on similarly decorated pillars.
[[File:Baradari - Public Hall.jpg|thumb]]

===Jamia Masjid and Habsh Khan's mausoleum===
Outside the palace grounds are the buildings of Jamia Masjid, Habsh Khan's Mausoleum and the Makbara of Shufi Sultan. The beautiful stucco style, with the cupola resting on pillars reminds of the Rajputana style where the domed structures are known as chhatris. Each dome is accompanied by a [[minaret]]. This style had not been used in Bengal and Bihar earlier but its emergence at Rohtas was not surprising as more than half the fort's guardians came from [[Rajputana]].

===Ganesh Temple===

About half a kilometer to the west of Man Singh's Palace is a Ganesh temple. The sanctum of the temple faces two porch-ways. The tall imposing superstructure corresponds the temples of Rajputana ([[Rajasthan]]), especially of Ossian near Jodhpur built in the 8th century AD and the Mira Bai temple of the 17th century AD at [[Chittor]].

===The Hanging House===

Further towards west, some construction must have taken place although there is no written evidence of what it was. The locals call it the Hanging House, as the fall from here is a straight 1500 ft down with no obstacles on the way. Locals have a story to tell about this place that this spot is the mouth of a cave, where a Muslim fakir (mendicant) is buried. It is said that he was thrown from here into the valley three times. In spite of being bound hand and foot, the fakir escaped unhurt each time. Ultimately he was buried in the cave.

===Rohtasan Temple And Devi Temple===

About a mile to the North-East of the Palace are the ruins of two temples. One is the Rohtasan, a temple of Lord Shiva. Iconoclasts probably destroyed the roof and the main mandap, which housed the sacred lingam. Now only 84 steps are left, which lead to a temple. The domes crest the Devi Mandir. The idol of the deity is missing from here also, though the rest of the building is in good condition. In local language it is also said "Chourasan Siddhi" because of its 84 steps.

==See also==
* [[Sher Shah Suri Tomb]]
* [[Munger Fort]]
* [[Darbhanga Fort]]
* [[Rajnagar Palace]]

== References ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Devendrakumar Rajaram Patil |title=The antiquarian remains in Bihar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xNXAAAAMAAJ |year=1963 |publisher=Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute |oclc=248920006 |ref={{harvid|D.R. Patil|1963}}}}
* {{cite book |author=Roma Niyogi |title=The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty |publisher=Oriental |year=1959 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJQBAAAAMAAJ |oclc=5386449 }}
{{Refend}}

{{Forts in India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|24|37|N|83|55|E|source:kolossus-cawiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Forts in Bihar]]
[[Category:Sur Empire]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Bihar]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Rohtas district]]

Civil Lines, Delhi

2026-01-05T15:07:57Z

Julimye:

{{about|residential area in Delhi|other uses|Civil Lines (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Civil Lines
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Neighborhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India New Delhi
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Delhi, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.679368|N|77.226076|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Delhi]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North Delhi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = [http://www.citypincode.in/PinCodeOf.jsp?area=Civil%20Lines%20%20North%20Delhi&district=North%20Delhi 110 054]
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = North Delhi
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Civil Lines''' is a historical residential area and one of the three subdivisions of the [[North Delhi district]] in India. It is also one of the 12 zones under the [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]]. During the colonial rule, it served as the hub for British colonial officials and senior administrators. The area was home to European-style hotels and residences until [[New Delhi]] was established in 1911.<ref name=loht/>

==History==
[[File:Delhimap.jpg|thumb|200px|Map of [[Delhi]] denoting the location of Civil Lines]]
The name Civil Lines is a relic of the British Raj, when the city of Delhi was demarcated into distinct areas for the British military and civilian buildings and structures. The Civil Lines were designated for senior British civilian officers, while the military quarters were located in a separate area, reflecting the colonial administration's need for organised spaces for different functions.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/119306/Civil-Lines Civil Lines] [[Britannica.com]].</ref>

The term ''Civil Lines'' refers to areas where civilians lived during the British Raj. One notable monument from this era is the [[Metcalfe House]]. This building was central to the administration and governance of the then-nascent imperial possessions of the [[British Empire]] in [[British Raj|India]], housing the offices of nineteen British [[Governor-General of India|Governor Generals (Viceroys)]] from [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Charles Hardinge]] to [[Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|Lord Irwin]], who governed from the [[The Old Secretariat|Old Secretariat]] on Alipore Road. The residence of the Viceroys was located at a prestigious bungalow at 1 Alipore Road, which was vacated in 1930 to relocate the official residence to a palatial complex on [[Raisina Hill]] in Lutyens' Delhi, known as the Viceroy's House. The bungalow at 1 Alipore Road now houses [[Indraprastha College for Women]], a constituent of the [[Delhi University|University of Delhi]].<ref name="loht" /><ref name=":0" />

After 1931, the Old Secretariat served as the office for the [[British Indian Army]], the Post Master General, and the adjoining Army Press. Following India's independence, it became the seat of Delhi's Metropolitan Council, and is now home to various [[Government of India|Central Government]] offices, including the Publications Department, along with offices of the [[Government of Delhi]]. The Viceroy's House, now called the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhawan]], became the official residence of India's presidents in the republican era. The offices of the Old Secretariat were relocated in 1931 to the New Secretariat Building near the Viceroy's House, which is now known as the [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|Central Secretariat]].<ref name="loht" /><ref name=":0" />

One of Delhi's earliest modern hotels, [[Maidens Hotel, Delhi|Maidens Hotel]], was built in 1903 in the Civil Lines, an area known for its European-style hotels where British officers stayed. Other notable hotels in the area included Swiss Hotel and Hotel Cecil, operated by the Robert Hotz family, which also owned Wildflower Hall and the [[The Cecil|Cecil Hotel]] in [[Shimla]]. Hotel Cecil was eventually demolished, and [[St. Xavier's Senior Secondary School, Delhi|St. Xavier's School]] now stands on its site.<ref name="loht">{{cite news |title='Lodged' in the heart of New Delhi|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Lodged-in-the-heart-of-New-Delhi/Article1-739801.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831115356/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Lodged-in-the-heart-of-New-Delhi/Article1-739801.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 August 2011 |newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=30 August 2011 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.citypincode.in/PinCodeOf.jsp?area=Civil%20Lines%20%20North%20Delhi&district=North%20Delhi |title=Pin Code of Civil Lines Delhi |publisher=citypincode.in |access-date=2014-03-09}}</ref>

[[Raj Niwas, Delhi|Raj Niwas]], the official residence of the [[Lieutenant Governor of Delhi]], who serves as the constitutional head of the [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]], is located at Raj Niwas Marg in Civil Lines.<ref>{{cite web | title = Home-Lieutenant Governor Secretariat | url = http://lgdelhi.nic.in/ | access-date = 2013-08-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130821010227/http://lgdelhi.nic.in/ | archive-date = 21 August 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The official residence of the [[Chief Minister of Delhi]], and other union territory government officials, are also located within Civil Lines.<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/finally-a-house-for-delhi-cm-rekha-gupta-in-civil-lines-10050916/</ref> A children's home run by [[Mother Teresa]]'s [[Missionaries of Charity]] lies north of the 18th century Mughal-era [[Qudsia Bagh]] in Civil Lines.

==Surrounding areas==
* [[Delhi University]], North Campus
* [[Mukherjee Nagar]]
* [[Kingsway Camp]]: the main street of G.T.B. Nagar
* [[Timarpur]]: residential bungalows and multi-story apartment blocks for employees of the [[Government of India|Central Government]] and the [[Government of Delhi]]
* Radio Colony: a housing colony for employees of [[All India Radio]]
* [[Model Town (Delhi)|Model Town]]: an affluent neighbourhood comprising a popular shopping district

==Transport==
The [[Civil Lines metro station (Delhi)|Civil Lines station]] on the [[Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|Yellow Line]] of the [[Delhi Metro]] network services the area. This residential locality is also conveniently close to the [[Kashmere Gate metro station]], which functions as an interchange for three metro lines.

== See also ==
* [[Civil Lines, Allahabad]]
* [[Civil Lines (magazine)]]
* [[Civil Lines, Rawalpindi]]
* [[Civil Lines, Faisalabad]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Neighborhoods of Delhi}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Delhi]]
[[Category:North Delhi district]]
[[Category:District subdivisions of Delhi]]

Suvrath Mahadevan

2025-12-02T21:49:56Z

Julimye: created some stub needs work...

{{short description|Indian astrophysicist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}

'''Suvrath Mahadevan''' is an Indian astrophysicist.

Mahadevan graduated from [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]] in 2000 with a degree in engineering physics. He subsequently moved to the United States, where he earned a doctorate in astrophysics from the [[University of Florida]] in 2006. Mahadevan remained at the University of Florida until 2009 for postdoctoral research purposes, then joined the [[Pennsylvania State University]] faculty in 2009. In 2023, Penn State named Mahadevan the Verne M. Willaman Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics.<ref>{{cite news |title=Suvrath Mahadevan named Verne M. Willaman Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics |url=https://science.psu.edu/news/mahadevan-willaman-professor |access-date=1 December 2023 |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Eberly College of Science |date=4 October 2023}}</ref> He is the Principle Investigator of two Extreme Precision Radial Velocity Spectrographs, The Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF)<ref>https://hpf.psu.edu/</ref> on the [[Hobby–Eberly_Telescope|Hobby Eberly Telescope]] and NEID <ref>https://neid.psu.edu/</ref> on the [[WIYN_Observatory| WIYN]] Telescope.{{fact|date=June 2025}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahadevan, Suvrath}}
[[Category:Indian expatriate academics in the United States]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania State University faculty]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:IIT Bombay alumni]]
[[Category:Indian astrophysicists]]
[[Category:University of Florida College of Liberal Arts and Sciences alumni]]

{{US-physicist-stub}}
{{astrophysics-stub}}

Niganiawas

2025-11-28T01:45:38Z

Julimye: starting first article basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Niganiawas
| official_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| map_alt = Niganiawas (Rewari) on map of Haryana
| map_caption = Niganiawas in Rewari District
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt = Map of Haryana showing the location of Niganiawas (Rewari)
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|28.165412|76.724994|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Haryana|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rewari district]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Municipal council|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Rewari]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total = 859
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 =
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code = 122106
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| website = {{URL|www.rewari.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Niganiawas''' is a village situated in [[Rewari district]], India. It is about {{Convert|22.2|km|mi}} on Jaipur Highway from Rewari- Delhi road.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiagrowing.com/Haryana/Rewari/Rewari/Niganiawas |title=Niganiawas on IndiaGrowing}}{{dead link|date=November 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 census of India|2011 India census]], Niganiawas had a population of 859 in 475 households. Males (444) constitute 51.68% of the population and females (415) 48.31%. Niganiawas has an average literacy(596) rate of 69.38%, lower than the national average of 74%: male literacy(350) is 58.72%, and female literacy(246) is 41.27% of total literates (596). In Niganiawas, 12.22% of the population is under 6 years of age (105).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=69546|title=Census of India 2011|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref>

==Adjacent villages==
*[[Nikhri]]
*[[Rasgan]]
*[[Dungarwas]]
*[[Hansaka]]
*[[Jaunawas|jonawas]]
*[[Masani]]
*[[Kanhawas]]
*[[Salhawas]]
*[[Ashiaki]]
*[[Majra Gurdas]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Rewari district]]

{{Rewari-geo-stub}}

List of oldest banks in India

2025-11-22T15:45:37Z

Julimye:

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}


This '''list of the oldest banks in Indian subcontinent''' includes financial institutions that were founded in the 18th and 19th centuries. Listed are the forty oldest banks in India, which includes all financial institutions founded prior to 1850.

The oldest bank in India is [[The Madras Bank (1683)]], followed by the [[Bank of Bombay (1720)|Bank of Bombay]], founded in 1720, which is then followed by the [[Bank of Hindustan]], founded in 1770.

[[Imperial Bank of India]] was succeeded by [[State Bank of India]] in 1955 and [[State Bank of Pakistan]] in 1948 respectively whose origins can be traced back to the [[Bank of Calcutta]]. It was founded in 1806, though the tenth to be founded.<ref name="EB">{{Cite web|url=https://groww.in/blog/the-evolution-of-banking-in-India/|title=The Evolution of Banking in India|date=3 December 2018|access-date=23 May 2021|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523130109/https://groww.in/blog/the-evolution-of-banking-in-India/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IC">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sbp.org.pk/70/his.asp#:~:text=From%20July%201%2C%201948%2C%20the,with%20National%20Bank%20of%20Pakistan. |title=Issuing Currency Notes & Rehabilitation of the Banking System |date=2016}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Rank !! Name of bank !! Year of founding !! Year of closing !! Present status !! Headquartered in !! References<ref name="Forbes 2015">{{cite web|title=The World's Biggest Employers|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2015/06/23/the-worlds-biggest-employers-infographic/|website=[[Forbes]]|access-date=31 July 2015|archive-date=26 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626010436/https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2015/06/23/the-worlds-biggest-employers-infographic/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 1 || [[The Madras Bank (1683)]] || 1683 || 1843 || Merged to form [[Bank of Madras]], presently the [[State Bank of India]] || [[Madras Presidency]] || <ref name="RB">{{Cite web|url=https://rbi.org.in/scripts/ms_banks.aspx|title=Reserve Bank of India - Museum|website=rbi.org.in|access-date=22 May 2021|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020132511/https://rbi.org.in/scripts/ms_banks.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IC" /><ref name="gbooks shriv">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0o8GRVjunUC&dq=The+%22Bank+of+Mirzapore%22+1835&pg=PA24|title=Banking Reforms and Globalisation|isbn=9788131301593|last1=Shrivastava|first1=Mohan Prasad|year=2007|publisher=APH |access-date=10 April 2022|archive-date=2 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802002112/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0o8GRVjunUC&dq=The+%22Bank+of+Mirzapore%22+1835&pg=PA24|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || [[Bank of Bombay (1720)|Bank of Bombay]] || 1720 || 1770 || Defunct || [[Bombay]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 3 || [[Bank of Hindostan|Bank of Hindustan]] || 1770 || 1832 || Defunct|| [[Calcutta]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 4 || [[General Bank of Bengal and Bihar]] || 1773 || 1775 || Defunct || [[Calcutta]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 5 || [[Bengal Bank (1784)|Bengal Bank]] || 1784 || 1791 || Defunct || [[Calcutta]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 6 || [[General Bank of India]] || 1786 || 1791 || Defunct || [[Calcutta]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 7 || [[Carnatic Bank (1788)|Carnatic Bank]] || 1788 || 1843 || Merged to form [[Bank of Madras]], presently the [[State Bank of India]] || [[Madras Presidency]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 8 || [[The British Bank of Madras (1795)|British Bank of Madras]] || 1795 || 1843 || Merged to form [[Bank of Madras]], presently the [[State Bank of India]] || [[Madras Presidency]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 9 || [[The Asiatic Bank|The Asiatic Bank (1804)]] || 1804 || 1843 || Merged to form [[Bank of Madras]], presently the [[State Bank of India]] || [[Madras Presidency]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 10 || [[Bank of Calcutta]] || 1806 || 1921|| Merged with the [[Imperial Bank of India]], presently the [[State Bank of India]] || [[Calcutta]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 11 || [[The Commercial Bank (1819)|The Commercial Bank]] || 1819 || 1828 || Merged with [[The Calcutta Bank (1824)|The Calcutta Bank]] to form [[The Union Bank (1828)|The Union Bank]] || [[Calcutta]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 12 || [[The Calcutta Bank (1824)|The Calcutta Bank]] || 1824 || 1828 || Merged with [[The Commercial Bank (1819)|The Commercial Bank]] to form [[The Union Bank (1828)|The Union Bank]] || [[Calcutta]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 13 || [[The Bank of India (1828)|The Bank of India]]|| 1828 || 1829 || Defunct || [[Calcutta]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 14 || [[The Union Bank (1828)|The Union Bank]] || 1828 || 1848 || Defunct || [[Calcutta]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 15 || [[The Government Savings Bank (1833)|The Government Savings Bank]] || 1833|| 1843 || Defunct || [[Calcutta]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 16 || [[Agra Bank|The Agra & United Service Bank]] || 1833 || 1866 || Defunct || [[Agra]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 17 || [[The Bank of Mirzapore (1835)|The Bank of Mirzapore]] || 1835 || 1837 || Defunct || [[Mirzapur]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 18 || Bank of India (London) || 1836 || 1836|| Defunct || [[Calcutta]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 19 || [[The North Western Bank of India]] || 1840 || 1859|| Defunct || [[Mussoorie]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 20 || [[Bank of Bombay]] || 1840 || 1921 || Merged with the [[Imperial Bank of India]], presently the [[State Bank of India]] || [[Bombay]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 21 || Bank of Asia || 1841 || 1842 || Defunct || [[London]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 22 || The Bank of Ceylon || 1841 || 1849 || Merged with the [[Oriental Bank Corporation]] || [[Colombo]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 23 || The East India Bank (1842) || 1842 || 1842 || Defunct || [[London]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 24 || The [[Oriental Bank Corporation]] || 1842 || 1884 || Defunct || [[Bombay]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 25 || [[The Agra Savings Fund]] || 1842 || 1863 || Defunct || [[Agra]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 26 || The [[Bank of Madras]] || 1843 || 1921 || Merged with the [[Imperial Bank of India]], presently the [[State Bank of India]] || [[Madras Presidency]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 27 || [[Delhi Bank Corporation]] || 1844 || 1916 || Merged with the [[Alliance Bank of Simla]] || [[Delhi]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 28 || [[The Benares Bank]] || 1844 || 1850 || Defunct || [[Benares]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 29 || [[The Simla Bank Limited]] || 1844 || 1893 || Defunct || [[Shimla]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 30 || The [[Commercial Bank of India]] || 1845 || 1866 || Defunct || [[Bombay]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 31 || [[The Cawnpore Bank]] || 1845 || 1852 || Defunct || [[Kanpur]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 32 || [[The Dacca Bank (1846)|The Dacca Bank]] || 1846 || 1862 || Merged with the [[Bank of Bengal]], presently [[State Bank of India]] || [[Dhaka]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 33 || The London Bank of Australia and India || 1852 || 1852 || Defunct || [[Agra]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 34 || [[Chartered Bank of Asia]] || 1852 || 1855 || Defunct || [[London]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 35 || [[Mercantile Bank of India, London and China|Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, London & China]] || 1853 || 1853 || Defunct || [[London]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 36 || [[Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China]] || 1853 || 1853 || Defunct || [[London]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 37 || [[The London and Eastern Banking Corporation]] || 1854 || 1857 || Defunct || [[London]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />
|-
| 38 || [[Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris|The Comptoir D'Escompte of Paris]] || 1854 || 1854 || Defunct || [[Paris]] || <ref name="IC" /><ref name="RB" /><ref name="gbooks shriv" />

|}

== Locations of headquarters ==

The below cities are frequently listed among the headquarters of the banks mentioned in the above table.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Rank !! Name of city !! Number of ancient banks headquartered
|-
| 1 || [[Calcutta]] || 11
|-
| 2 || [[London]] || 6
|-
| 3 || [[Madras]] || 5
|-
| 4 || [[Bombay]] || 4
|-
| 5 || [[Agra]] || 3
|}

==See also==
* [[History of banking]]
* [[Banking in India]]
* [[List of oldest companies]]
* [[List of oldest companies in India]]
* [[Lindy effect]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/oldest-bank-of-india/ Oldest Banks List]
* [https://rbi.org.in/scripts/ms_banks.aspx List maintained by the Reserve Bank of India]
* [https://groww.in/blog/the-evolution-of-banking-in-india/ Evolution of Banking in India]
* [https://archive.org/details/riseprogressand00cookgoog Charles Northcote Cooke]
* [https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/banking/evolution-of-banking/list-of-4-banks-in-india-before-independence/5336 History of Banking in India]

{{Banking in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India oldest banks}}
[[Category:Financial history of India]]
[[Category:Lists of banks in India|Oldest]]
[[Category:Economy-related lists of superlatives]]
[[Category:Lists of longest-duration things|Banks]]
[[Category:History of banking]]

Saptagram

2025-11-20T10:46:14Z

Julimye: add section per standard format

{{Short description|Village in Hooghly district, West Bengal}}
{{About|the historical port-town|its namesake present-day village|Saptagram (modern)|its namesake state assembly constituency|Saptagram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Saptagram
| alternate_name = Satgaon
| native_name = সপ্তগ্রাম
| image = সপ্তগ্রাম হুগলী তে বর্তমান সরস্বতী নদীর অবস্থা.jpg
| caption = Saraswati River at Saptagram
| map_alt =
| map_type = India West Bengal#India3
| map_caption = Location of Gauḍa in West Bengal, India##Location of Gauḍa in India
| relief =
| coordinates = {{coord|22.9667|N|88.3833|E|source:wikidata|display=inline, title}}
| location = [[Hooghly district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| type = Port, settlement
| part_of =
| length =
| width =
| height =
| builder =
| material =
| built = Prior to 9th century
| abandoned = Started declining 17th to 18th century
| epochs =
| cultures =
| dependency_of =
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| event =
| excavations =
| archaeologists =
| condition =
| ownership =
| management =
| public_access =
| website = 
| notes =
| designation1 =
| designation1_offname =
| designation1_date =
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| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_type =
| designation1_free1name =
| designation1_free1value =
| designation1_free2name =
| designation1_free2value =
}}
'''Saptagram''' (colloquially called ''Satgaon'') was an ancient major port, the chief city and sometimes capital of southern [[Bengal]], in ancient and medieval times of [[Bengal]], the location presently being in the [[Hooghly district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. It is about 4 km from [[Bandel]], a major rail junction. By the early twentieth century, the place had dwindled to a group of insignificant huts.<ref name = "Cotton">Cotton, H.E.A., ''Calcutta Old and New'', 1909/1980, p. 2, General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref> The port had to be abandoned because of the silting up and consequent drying of the [[Saraswati River (Bengal)|Saraswati River]].

==Etymology==
The word ''Saptagram'' means seven villages. These are identified as [[Bansberia]], Kristapur, Basudebpur, Nityanandapur, Sibpur, Sambachora and Baladghati.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hindubooks.org/temples/bengal/hooghly/page18.htm
|title = Temples of Bengal | access-date = 5 August 2007 | work = Saptagram | publisher = hindubooks.org}}</ref><ref name = "Patree">{{cite book |last=Patree |first=Purnendu |author-link=Purnendu Patri |year=1995 |orig-year=First published 1979 |title=Purano Kolkatar Kathachitra |publisher=Dey's Publishing |language=bn |pages=65–71 |isbn=81-7079-751-9}}</ref>

{{OSM Location map
| width=320| height=300| zoom=12
| coord={{coord|22|57|0|N|88|23|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Bandel-Saptagram Area as it is today''' R: rural/ urban centre, F: facility, H: historical site Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|59|24|N|88|24|0|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Tribeni| numbered1=H | mark-title1=[[Tribeni, Hooghly]] (H)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=12| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#AA6666|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2= {{coord|22|56|40|N|88|22|50|E}}| label-pos2=left|label2=Saptagram | mark-title2= Saptagram (H)| numbered2=H|label-offset-y2=-2|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black 
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|58|2|N|88|24|26|E}} | label-pos3=top|label3=Iswar Gupta Setu | mark-title3= [[Iswar Gupta Setu]] (F)| numbered3=F|shape-color3=#967117
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|55|17|N|88|22|41|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Bandel Rly Stn | mark-title4= [[Bandel Junction railway station ]] (F)| numbered4=F|shape-color4=#967117
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|55|54|N|88|22|35|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Bandel | numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Bandel]] (R)| shapecolor-5 =#C42222
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|56|20|N|88|21|54|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Debanandapur | numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Debanandapur]] (R)| shape-color6=#C42222
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|57|20|N|88|24|1|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Bansberia | numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Bansberia]] (R)| shape-color7=#C42222
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|56|20|N|88|23|55|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Sahaganj | numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sahaganj]] (R)| shape-color8=#C42222
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|57|0|N|88|24|30|E}}| label9=Hooghly River| label-color9 = #77A1CB| label-angle9=85| label-pos9=top| label-size9=10| mark-size9=0| mark-title9 =none}}

[[File:Sayed Jamaluddin Mosque in Saptagram 08.jpg|left|thumb|[[Sayed Jamaluddin Mosque]] at Adi Saptagram]]

==History==
{{expand section|date=September 2021}}

[[File:Silver Tanka of the Delhi Sultan Ghiyath al-din Jalal Shah, struck in Satgaon.jpg|thumb|Silver Tanka of the Delhi Sultan [[Ghiyasuddin Jalal Shah|Ghiyath al-din Jalal Shah]], struck in Arshah Satgaon (Saptagram) mint]]
According to [[Binoy Ghosh]], [[Tamralipta]], the ancient port, started declining from the 8th century, owing to river silting, and Saptagram possibly started gaining in importance as a port from the 9th to 10th century. The Saptagram port, along with its business centre, had become important in the pre-Muslim era, during the rule of the [[Pala Empire|Palas]] and [[Sena dynasty|Senas]]. In the Muslim era, Saptagram was an important administrative centre right from the beginning, and the period 14th to 16th century was considered the golden age of Saptagram. In 1565, Maharaja [[Rudranarayan]] of [[Bhurshut]] annexed it from the [[Pathans in India|Pathans]]. In 1592, Saptagram was recaptured by the Pathans. In the 17th century, [[Bandel]]-[[Hooghly-Chinsurah]] started gaining in importance. From the 18th century, [[Kolkata]] started emerging as the main business and cultural centre of Bengal.<ref name=binoyghosh>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', {{in lang|bn}}, part II, 1976 edition, pages 312–316, Prakash Bhaban, Kolkata.</ref>

==See also==
* [[European colonies in India]]
* [[Saptagram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://wikimapia.org/130917/ Wikimapia satellite view of Iswar Gupta Setu and surrounding areas]

{{Non-extant Bengal places}}
{{Hooghly District}}

[[Category:Ancient divisions in Bengal]]
[[Category:Hooghly district]]

Kashish Malik

2025-10-29T11:49:14Z

Julimye: started new bio v1

{{short description|Indian taekwondo athlete}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}

{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Kashish Malik
| image =
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|04 July 2000}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]]
| education =
| height = {{convert|1.7|m|ft}}
| weight = {{convert|57|kg|lbs}}
| website =
| country = [[India]]
| sport = [[Martial art]]
| event = [[Taekwondo]]
}}
'''Kashish Malik''' is an Indian [[taekwondo]] athlete from [[Delhi]], [[India]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Kashish Malik Profile|url=https://www.taekwondodata.com/kashish-malik.amki.html|website=Taekwondo Data|language=en|access-date=2021-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=The dark side of Indian Taekwondo|language=en|website=The Bridge|url=https://thebridge.in/knock-the-door/dark-side-indian-taekwondo/|access-date=2021-10-11}}</ref> She has represented India at the Asian Games in 2018 and reached till the Quarter-finals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=This girl once used to beat up molesting boys, now became 'Silver Girl' of Taekwondo|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/sports/girl-winning-silver-medal-in-taekwondo-once-used-to-fight-with-boys-on-eve-teasing/375758|access-date=2021-10-11|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Why can't I be the one?' Kashish Malik hopes to lead the way for taekwondo in India|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/why-can-t-i-be-the-one-kashish-malik-hopes-to-lead-the-way-for-taekwondo-in-indi|access-date=2021-10-11|website=Olympics|language=en}}</ref> She is training under Peace Taekwondo Academy and supported by the Virat Kohli Foundation.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kashish Malik|language=en|website=Virat Kohli Foundation|url=https://viratkohli.foundation/kashish-malik/|access-date=2021-10-11|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011105628/https://viratkohli.foundation/kashish-malik/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Kashish started practising taekwondo at the age of 14 after a fight with a bully in her school which made Kashish pick up taekwondo for life.<ref>{{Cite news|title=A Fight With A Bully Made Kashish Malik Pick Up Taekwondo For Life|language=en|website=she the people|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/home-top-video/know-how-a-fight-with-a-bully-made-kashish-malik-taekwondo/|access-date=2021-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Only a medal has the power to transform sports and change mindsets|language=en|website=The Bridge|url=https://thebridge.in/delhi/kashish-malik-taekwondo-medal-power-transform-sports-impact-mindsets|access-date=2021-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=He used to beat the teasing boys alone, now became an international player of Taekwondo |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/UT-DEL-HMU-NEW-LCL-taekwondo-s-international-player-kashish-malik-5818091-PHO.html |access-date=2021-10-11 |website=Dainik Bhaskar |language=en}}</ref>

== Tournaments Record ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|+All Competition Results
!Year
!Event
!Rank
!Location
!Place
|-
|2017
|Fujaiarah Open
|G1
|Dubai {{flagIOC|UAE|}}
|{{bronze medal}}
|-
|2018
|Kazakhstan Open
|G1
|Kazakhstan {{flagIOC|KAZ|2020 Summer}}
|{{silver medal}}
|-
|2018
|Fujaiarah Open
|G1
|Dubai {{flagIOC|UAE|}}
|{{silver medal}}
|-
|2018
|Malaysia Open
|G1
|Kuala Lumpur {{flag|Malaysia}}
|{{gold medal}}
|-
|2018
|Asian Games
|G3
|Jakarta [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|30px]] [[Indonesia]]
|Participation
|-
|2018
|WT Presidents Cup - Asian
|G2
|Taipei {{flagIOC|CHN|2020 Summer}}
|{{bronze medal}}
|-
|2019
|South Asian Games
|G4
|Kathmandu {{flag|NEP|}}
|{{gold medal}}
|-
|2020
|El Hassan Open
|G1
|Amman{{flagIOC|JOR|2020 Summer}}
|{{bronze medal}}
|}

== See also ==

* [[Taekwondo in India]]
* [[Taekwondo at the 2019 South Asian Games]]

== References ==

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malik, Kashish}}

[[Category:Indian female taekwondo practitioners]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Delhi]]
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Taekwondo practitioners at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
<references />

Puratana Prabandha Sangraha

2025-09-21T23:10:25Z

Julimye: starting the data added tags

{{Infobox book
| name = Puratana Prabandha Sangraha
| image = Puratana_Prabandha_Sangraha,_cover.png
| title_orig = पुरातन प्रबंध संग्रह
| editor = [[Jinvijay]]
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Sanskrit]]
| subject = Collection of legendary anecdotes and biographies
| genre = [[Prabandha]]
| pub_date = 1936
}}
The '''''Puratana Prabandha Sangraha''''' ("Collection of Old [[Prabandha]]s") is a collection of [[Sanskrit]]-language legendary biographies and anecdotes written by multiple [[Jain]] authors of India. It was edited by the Jain monk [[Jinvijay]] from several manuscripts, and published by the Adhisthata Singhi Jain Jnanapith ([[Calcutta]]) in 1936.{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|p=53}}

The earliest manuscript in the compilation is dated 1290 [[Vikram Samvat|VS]] (1233 CE). It is said to have been written by Jinabhadra, a disciple of Udayaprabha and a monk of Nagendra [[Gaccha]]. It was commissioned by a minister named Jayatasimha, who was the son of [[Vastupala]].{{sfn|Charlotte Krause|1952|p=20}}

== ''Prithviraja Prabandha'' ==

One of the legends included in the collection is ''Prithviraja Prabandha'', which describes the life of the 12th century [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]] king [[Prithviraja III]]. The ''Prithviraja Prabandha'' contains 40 lines of prose in addition to two 6-line verses.{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|p=53}}

Although a ''Puratana Prabandha Sangraha'' manuscript is dated 1471 CE, its portion containing ''Prithviraja Prabandha'' was written by another scribe. Therefore, ''Prithviraja Prabandha'' cannot be dated with certainty. The language of the text features [[Persian language|Persian]] and vernacular elements, which indicates that it was written at a later date.{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|p=53}}

Some portions of the manuscript are damaged, and the meaning of some passes is not clear.{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|p=53}}

The text describes Prithviraj's legend as follows:

: Prithivraj captured the [[Ghurid]] invader [[Muhammad of Ghor|Shihab al-Din]] seven times, but released him unharmed each time (a claim that also occurs in the ''[[Hammira Mahakavya]]''). Prithviraj's minister Kaimbasa and his spear-bearer Pratapasimha were not on good terms with each other. Once Kaimbasa lodged a complaint against Pratapasimha with the king. However, Pratapasimha persuaded the king that Kaimbasa was a villain who had been secretly supporting Shihab al-Din. As a result, Prithviraj attempted to kill Kaimbasa by shooting an arrow at him in the dark, but ended up killing another man instead.{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|p=53}}

: The king's bard Chand Baliddika criticized him in private for this attempted murder. Prithviraj dismissed both Chand Baliddika and Kaimbasa from his service, and as a result, Kaimbasa joined Shihab al-Din. When Shihab al-Din invaded his kingdom, Prithviraj spent time sleeping for ten days. After being awaken by his sister, he fled on a horse. Kaimbasa helped Shihab al-Din capture him by divulging information about a certain sound that made his horse prance.{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|pp=54-55}}

: While in captivity, Prithviraj asked Kaimbasa for a bow-and-arrow to kill Shihab al-Din, who would be seated in the assembly hall. The minister obliged, but also informed Shihab al-Din about Prithviraj's plan. Shihab al-Din kept a metal image in his place. Prithviraj shot an arrow at this image, mistaking it to be Shihab al-Din. As a punishment, Shihab al-Din ordered him to be put in a [[immurement|pit]] and [[stoning|stoned]] to death.{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|p=53}} When the neighbouring king [[Jayachandra|Jaychand]] received the news of Prithviraj's death, he ordered celebrations in his capital.{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|p=56}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Cynthia Talbot |title=The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m3DjCgAAQBAJ |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9781107118560 }}
* {{cite book |author=Charlotte Krause |title=Ancient Jaina hymns |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-oA_AAAAIAAJ |year=1952 |publisher=Scindia Oriental Institute |oclc=85851928 }}
{{ref end}}

== External links ==

* [http://www.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/550779 Puratana Prabandha Sangraha] (Sanskrit)

[[Category:13th-century Sanskrit literature]]

Periyar and the eradication of caste

2025-09-17T19:06:46Z

Julimye:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:PeriyarEVRStamp.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]]]]
{{Periyar}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2011}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=September 2025}}
'''[[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]]'''<ref>[http://www.periyar.org/html/ap_bios_eng1.asp A biographical sketch] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050710000455/http://www.periyar.org/html/ap_bios_eng1.asp |date=2005-07-10 }}</ref> (17 September 1879 – 24 December 1973), also known as '''Ramaswami''', '''EVR''', '''Thanthai Periyar''' was a [[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]] [[social reformer]] and politician from [[India]], who founded the [[Self-Respect Movement]] and [[Dravidar Kazhagam]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Ideas in Modern India: thematic explorations |author1=Thomas Pantham |author2=Vrajendra Raj Mehta |author3=Vrajendra Raj Mehta |year= 2006|publisher=Sage Publications|isbn=0761934200|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KJejtAaonsEC&dq=%22Self-respect+movement%22&pg=PA48}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Political Theory and Political Thought |author= N.D. Arora/S.S. Awasthy|isbn=978-8124111642|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=szBpnYfmH0cC&dq=%22Self-respect+movement%22&pg=PA425|year= 2007|publisher= Har-Anand Publications}}</ref><ref name="Thakurta-1">Thakurta, Paranjoy Guha and Shankar Raghuraman (2004) ''A Time of Coalitions: Divided We Stand'', Sage Publications. New Delhi, p. 230.</ref> On the caste system in India, Periyar dealt harshly with the practice of discrimination and its subordination of the different levels it created in society. He attacked those who used the system to take advantage of the masses through exploitation and subjugation.

==Philosophy==
Periyar felt that a small number of cunning people created [[Caste in India|caste distinctions]] in order to dominate over society. That was why he emphasized the view that we must first develop self-respect and learn to analyze propositions rationally. A self-respecting [[rationalist]] will readily realize that caste system has been stifling self-respect and therefore he will strive to get rid of this menace. One of Periyar's quotes on caste was, "a sizable population today remains as ''Untouchables'', and another sizable population exists in the name of ''Sudras'' and as [[serfs]], [[coolies]] and [[menial]]s. Who wants an independence that cannot help change these things? Who wants religion, scriptures and gods, which cannot bring about a change in this sphere"?<ref name="Gopalakrishnan-13">Gopalakrishnan, ''Periyar: Father of the Tamil race'', pp. 60 & 61.</ref>

Periyar explained that the caste system in south India is, due to Indo-Aryan influence, linked with the arrival of Brahmins from the [[North India|north]]. [[Ancient Tamil country|Ancient Tamil Nadu]] (part of [[Ancient Tamil country|Tamilakkam]]) had a different stratification of society in four or five regions (''Tinai''), determined by natural surroundings and adequate means of living.<ref name="Diehl-3.2">Diehl, ''E.V. Ramasamy Naiker-Periyar'', p. 61.</ref> Periyar also mentions that birds, animals, and worms, which are considered to be devoid of rationalism do not create castes, or differences of high and low in their own species. But man considered to be a rational being, is suffering from these because of religion. He further explains that amongst dogs you do not have a Brahmin dog, or a [[Pariah dog|Pariah]] (untouchable) dog. Among donkeys and monkeys we also do not find such things. But, amongst men there is such discrimination.<ref name="Veeramani-1.6">Veeramani, ''Collected Works of Periyar'', pp. 72 & 73.</ref>

Periyar argued on how a person with an [[iota]] of sense or rationalism in could do such things such as giving special treatment only to Brahmins. Some examples practiced were for lower castes to fall at their feet and to even, sometimes, wash their feet and drink that water. Periyar explains that if this is Hindu doctrine and philosophy, such a religion must go. He gives examples of rituals such as christening, house warming, marriage, and for puberty, that they are for the Brahmin's gain as the only ones to conduct these occasions. We do not respect our knowledge nor are we ashamed of our actions. Are we merely a mass of flesh and bones? Why should anybody get angry when I say all these to make you think over. Who is responsible of our degradation? Is it religion or government"?<ref name="Veeramani-1.6"/>

Gandhi advocated for the caste system in its preservation. On the question of ''Untouchables'' being prevented from drawing water from wells and entering temples, Gandhi suggested having separate wells and temples made for them instead.<ref name="Veeramani-1.8">Veeramani, ''Collected Works of Periyar'', p. 523.</ref> Periyar argued against this by demanding the [[Vedas]] of Indo-Aryans to be burnt and their deities to be destroyed since it was their creation of the castes and ''Untouchables''. He also went on to state that "it was absurd to quote religion, god, or religious doctrines to render people as lowest castes".<ref name="Veeramani-1.2">Veeramani, ''Collected Works of Periyar'', p. 511.</ref>

Periyar argued that the caste system has "perverted peoples ideas about human conduct. The principle of different codes of conduct for each caste based on birth and life, led in accordance with it for centuries, have spoiled the Hindu mentality almost beyond repair, and destroyed the idea of uniformity in conduct. Graded inequality has got so much into the Hindu blood that general intelligence is warped and refused to mend even after English education and higher standards of living".<ref name="Veeramani-1.9">Veeramani, ''Collected Works of Periyar'', p. 463.</ref>

==Hereditary Education Policy==
{{main|Hereditary Education Policy}}
In 1952, [[Rajaji]] introduced a new education policy based on family vocation which its opponents dubbed ''Kula Kalvi Thittam'' (Hereditary Education Policy). As per this policy, schools will work in the morning and students can help their fathers in their work in the afternoon. Thus, a carpenter’s son would learn carpentry, a priest's son chanting hymns, and a barber’s son would learn hair cutting and shaving after school.<ref>{{cite web |author=Kumar, P.C. Vinoj |title=What if Periyar had not been born? |website=[[Sify]] |date=17 September 2004 |url=http://sify.com/news/politics/fullstory.php?id=13569138 |access-date=2007-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141124210213/http://www.sify.com/news/politics/fullstory.php?id=13569138 |archive-date=24 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Periyar felt that this scheme was a clever device against Dalits and [[Other Backward Class]]es as their first generation was getting educated only then.<ref name="Kandasamy-3">{{cite book|title=Fuzzy and Neutrosopohc Analysis of Periyar's Views on Untouchability |author= Kandasamy|year= 2005|page = 266 |publisher= Infinite Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgb-MKcsSR0C&q=Fuzzy+and+neutrosophic+analysis+of+Periyar%27s+views+on+untouchability|isbn= 9781931233002}}</ref><ref name="Kandasamy-4">{{cite book|title=Fuzzy and Neutrosopohc Analysis of Periyar's Views on Untouchability |author= Kandasamy|year= 2005|page = 326 |publisher= Infinite Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgb-MKcsSR0C&q=Fuzzy+and+neutrosophic+analysis+of+Periyar%27s+views+on+untouchability|isbn= 9781931233002}}</ref>

Periyar demanded its withdrawal and launched protests against the ''Kula Kalvi Thittam'' which he felt was [[Caste in India|caste-based]] and was aimed at maintaining caste hegemony. Rajaji quit in 1954, and his successor [[Kamaraj]] scrapped it after becoming chief minister.<ref name="Kandasamy-5">{{cite book|title=Fuzzy and Neutrosopohc Analysis of Periyar's Views on Untouchability |author= Kandasamy|year= 2005|page = 111 |publisher= Infinite Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgb-MKcsSR0C&q=Fuzzy+and+neutrosophic+analysis+of+Periyar%27s+views+on+untouchability|isbn= 9781931233002}}</ref><ref name="Kandasamy-6">{{cite book|title=Fuzzy and Neutrosopohc Analysis of Periyar's Views on Untouchability |author= Kandasamy|year= 2005|page = 262 |publisher= Infinite Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgb-MKcsSR0C&q=Fuzzy+and+neutrosophic+analysis+of+Periyar%27s+views+on+untouchability|isbn= 9781931233002}}</ref>

==Removal of caste names==

Periyar realized that the domination of Brahmins was not restricted to the spheres of [[Public administration|administration]] and [[worship]]. It was found that most of the hotels in Tamil Nadu indicated on the name boards that they were maintained by Brahmins and only served Brahmins. Periyar organized [[Demonstration (protest)|agitations]] throughout Tamil Nadu for the removal of the words "for the brahmins"<ref name="Gopalakrishnan-15"/> and "by the Brahmins"<ref name="Gopalakrishnan-15"/> from the name boards of hotels. He drew the attention of the common people and particularly the [[philanthropist]]s to this practice in the chowltries of feeding the Brahmins and non-Brahmins separately. Today this practice is no longer in existence.<ref name="Gopalakrishnan-15"/>

==Inter-caste marriages==

Periyar encouraged inter-caste marriages in order to combat the [[superstitions]] of the [[Caste system in India|caste system]] practiced in India. He pointed out that a [[marriage]] is a contract between a young woman and a young man and it is not a function for the parents to get involved in for a reason or another. Generally, [[Orthodoxy|orthodox]] elders arranged the marriages of their children and tried to perpetuate the [[dowry|dowry system]]. One of the projects of the ''Self-Respect Movement'' started by Periyar was to make young people realize that a marriage is the concern of a young man and a young woman and that other considerations brought in by the parents were utterly irrelevant. The Self-Respect Movement also pointed out that there were facilities for registering marriages and that the practice of employing Brahmin priests to conduct the marriages betrayed the [[superstition]] of the concerned people and encouraged exploitation by Brahmins. In the course of over the past fifty years, thousands of weddings between people of different communities and without the intervention of Brahmin priests have taken place as a result of the influence that the ''Self-Respect Movement'' has exerted on society. [[Arignar Anna]] in his capacity as [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] passed a law in 1967 by which marriages conducted without the intervention of priests became lawful marriages.<ref name="Gopalakrishnan-15"/>

==Service to the backward classes==
After entering the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1919, E.V.Ramasamy(Periyar) realized that the Brahmins had many more [[government jobs]] than the non-Brahmins and that [[higher education]] was more or less their [[prerogative]]. He wanted the Congress to pass a resolution demanding communal representation in education and in employment. Though he tried hard for five years continuously, he could not persuade the Congress party to realize the need for such a resolution. Therefore, he left the Congress, supported the Justice party, started the [[Self-Respect Movement]] and finally got the government of Madras to pass a law on communal representation in education and employment.<ref name="Gopalakrishnan-15">Gopalakrishnan, ''Periyar: Father of the Tamil race'', pp. 45-49.</ref>

[[K. Kamaraj|Kumarasami Kamaraj]] was thoroughly convinced that Periyar was only demanding justice for the non-Brahmins who had been neglected and exploited by certain sections of the people for hundreds of years. Therefore, he readily accepted Periyar's suggestion that poor people should have free education. When Kamaraj became [[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister of Madras]] he allowed all children to have free education up to standard ten. Through Periyar's spirit of social service, Kamaraj introduced the free mid-day meal scheme for school children and later granted free books and free clothes to school children. When [[M. Karunanidhi|Kalaignar Karunanidhi]] was Chief Minister in 1969, he extended free education up to the pre-university class. As a result of Periyar's devoted service for the cause of the under privileged, scheduled caste men and women occupy high positions in government offices and also serve as doctors and engineers.<ref name="Gopalakrishnan-15"/>

== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Anti-caste movements]]
[[Category:Dravidian movement]]
[[Category:Caste system in India]]
[[Category:Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]]

Sailhem

2025-07-28T17:02:37Z

Julimye: typo fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sailhem
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location Nagaland, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.453|93.437|display=title,inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Peren district|Peren]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Administrative divisions of India#Sub-districts|Circle]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kebai Khelma|Khelma]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 264
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 268359
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sailhem''' is a village in the [[Peren district]] of [[Nagaland]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Kebai Khelma|Khelma]] [[Administrative divisions of India#Sub-districts|Circle]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Nagaland.pdf |title=Nagaland revenue village directory |access-date=22 July 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054733/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Nagaland.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Sailhem has 80 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 60.58%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite news |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1311_PART_B_DCHB_PEREN.pdf |title=District Census Handbook - Peren |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Nagaland |accessdate=2015-07-22 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 264 || 144 || 120
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 56 || 33 || 23
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 264 || 144 || 120
|-
| Literates || 126 || 69 || 57
|-
| Workers (all) || 189 || 106 || 83
|-
| Main workers (total) || 158 || 97 || 61
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 151 || 95 || 56
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 4 || 1 || 3
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 2 || 0 || 2
|-
| Main workers: Other || 1 || 1 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 31 || 9 || 22
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 26 || 7 || 19
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 1 || 1 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 3 || 1 || 2
|-
| Non-workers || 75 || 38 || 37
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Peren district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kebai Khelma Circle]]

{{Nagaland-geo-stub}}

Karayanchavadi metro station

2025-07-23T08:30:36Z

Julimye: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Yellow Line (Chennai Metro)#Stations]]

{{r to list entry}}

Salman Sagar

2025-07-01T22:00:09Z

Julimye: created new details and citations

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Hazratbal Assembly constituency|Hazratbal]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Asiya Naqash]]
| party = [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
|parents = Ali Mohammad Sagar
}}
'''Salman Ali Sagar''' is an Indian politician from Jammu & Kashmir and is the son of [[Ali Mohammad Sagar]]. He is a member of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] since the [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024 election]], representing [[Hazratbal Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] party and Provincial President (Kashmir) of Jammu and Kashmir Youth National Conference.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Hazratbal, J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: JKNC's Salman Sagar with 17558 defeats JKPDP's Asiea Naqash |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/hazratbal-jammu-and-kashmir-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612885-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Hazratbal Election Result 2024 LIVE Update: Assembly Winner, Leading, MLA, Margin, Candidates |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/hazratbal-election-result-2024-live-update-9077404.html |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="At Least 13 New MLAs In Jammu And Kashmir Are From Political Families">{{cite news |last1=NDTV |date=13 October 2024 |title=At Least 13 New MLAs In Jammu And Kashmir Are From Political Families |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/at-least-13-new-mlas-in-jammu-and-kashmir-are-from-political-families-6779727 |accessdate=13 October 2024}}</ref> He is a former mayor of Srinagar ([[Srinagar Municipal Corporation]]).

== See also ==
* [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024 Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sagar, Salman}}
[[Category:Jammu & Kashmir National Conference politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Srinagar district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{JammuKashmir-politician-stub}}

Satyagnana Sabha, Vadalur

2025-06-27T11:52:02Z

Julimye: updated formatting also and fixed typos as per guidelines

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sabai
| official_name = Sathya Gnana Sabai
| native_name_lang = Tamil
| motto =
| anthem =
| founder = Ramalinga Swamigal (Vallalar)
| established_date = 25.01.1872
| coordinates = {{Coord|11.548419|79.54583}}
| flag_link = https://www.google.com/search?q=vallalar+flag&oq=Vallalar+Falg&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0i13.4833j0j7&client=ms-android-oppo&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8#imgrc=zaivm5jwOXvCuM
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = Tamilnadu
| subdivision_type3 = City
| subdivision_type4 = Vadalur
| image_alt = Ramalinga Swamigal (Vallalar)
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
[[File:Sathya Gnana Sabai.jpg|thumb|Sathya Gnana Sabha in Vadalur, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India.]]
'''Sathya Gnana Sabai''' ({{lit|Hall of True Knowledge}}, {{Indic Transl|ta|Cattiya ñāṉa capai}}), is a temple constructed in 1872 by saint [[Ramalinga Swamigal|Sri Raamalinga Swaamigal]], also known as Vallalaar, in the town of [[Vadalur]] in [[Cuddalore district]],<ref name="TNG">{{cite book|title=Tourist Guide to Tamil Nadu|publisher=Sura Books|id={{ISBN|81-7478-177-3}}, {{ISBN|978-81-7478-177-2}}}}
{{commons category|Satyagnana Sabha, Vadalur}}</ref>{{rp|53,66}} In the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The temple is open to people of all [[Caste system in India|castes]] except those who eat meat, who are allowed to worship only outside. [[Ramalinga Swamigal|Ramalinga]] wrote in detail about the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' to be performed in Gnana Sabhai — visitors below 12 or above 72 years of age were expected to enter Gnana Sabhai and do ''poojas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ramalinga Swamigal |url=https://mydattatreya.com/ramalinga-swamigal/ |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=My Dattatreya |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ambalamyoga.org/On%20Vallalar%20by%20Arul%20file.pdf |title=Details about the seven veils described by Vallalār |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409135431/http://www.ambalamyoga.org/On%20Vallalar%20by%20Arul%20file.pdf|archive-date=2011-04-09}}</ref>''

== Design ==
It is an octagonal structure; its ''sanctum sanctorum'' is concealed from the main hall by seven curtains that are parted only on [[Thai Poosam]] day.<ref name="TNG" />{{rp|53}} The four towers of the [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Chidambaram Nataraajar temple]] are visible from the ''sabha''.

Sathya Gnana Sabha consists of three sabhas:
* The Chirchabai (சிற்சபை) which represents the moon or the left eye of people,
* The Porchabai (பொற்சபை) or golden sabha which represents the sun or the right eye
* The third Gnana sabha (ஞான சபை) which represents the third eye or the wisdom of people.
[[File:Sathya_gnana_sabha,_vadalur_3.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Entrance to the Sathya Gnana Sabha. The sign above it reads, "only those who have renounced meat and murder should enter".]]
The octagonal shape represents the 8 bones in the human skull. Only two Saints established Sangha (''sabha'') in Indian and World history. One is [[Gautama Buddha]], another is Saint Vallalar. All Saivite madams are primarily for religious pupils, to which common people go only when a need arises. In contrast, a Sabha is a place where common people can go, join, organize and interact with spiritual people. Vallalar stated in a poem:
{{Blockquote|text=எச்சபை பொதுவென இயம்பினர் அறிஞர்கள் அச்சபை யிடங்கொள்ளும் அருட்பெருஞ் ஜோதி

* Transliteration: Eccapai potuveṉa iyampiṉar aṟiñarkaḷ accapai yiṭaṅkoḷḷum aruṭperuñ jōti
* Translation: This sabha is a common place for every one, who follows San maargam (good way)}}

The Dharma saalai is nearby; free food is offered to thousands of people there. The Dharma saalai has a stove that was lighted by Vallalar, which is still used for cooking. The ''jeeva samaadhi'' of Kalpattu Ayyaa is also near. He was the second ''san maargi'' attaining ''dheekshai'' from Vallalar.<ref name="TNG" />{{rp|53}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Cuddalore district}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Cuddalore district]]
[[Category:Octagonal buildings in India]]

{{TamilNadu-hindu-temple-stub}}

2003 Asian Youth Boys' Volleyball Championship

2025-06-24T00:20:58Z

Julimye: Started A Post - done

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox FIVB tournament
| competition = Asian Youth Boys' Volleyball Championship
| continent = Asia
| gender =
| year = 2003
| logo = 2003 Asian Youth Boys Volleyball Championship logo.png
| size = 90px
| caption =
| host = {{flag|India}}
| dates = 6–13 April
| teams = 9
| venues = 1
| cities = 1
| champions = IND
| title_number = 1
| mvp = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjay Kumar (volleyball)|Sanjay Kumar]]
| website =
| last = 2001 Asian Youth Boys Volleyball Championship
| next = 2005 Asian Youth Boys' Volleyball Championship
}}

The '''2003 Asian Youth Boys' Volleyball Championship''' was held at the [[Rajiv Gandhi Indoor Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[India]] from 6 to 13 April 2003.

==Pools composition==
The teams were seeded based on their final ranking at the [[2001 Asian Youth Boys Volleyball Championship]].

{| class="wikitable"
!width=50%|Pool A
!width=50%|Pool B
|-
|
{{vb|IND}} (Host) 
{{vb|TPE}} (3rd) 
<s>{{vb|JPN}}</s> * 
{{vb|THA}} 
{{vb|QAT}}
|
{{vb|IRI}} (1st) 
{{vb|KOR}} (2nd) 
{{vb|CHN}} 
{{vb|AUS}} 
{{vb|PRK}}
|}

''* Withdrew''
==Preliminary round==

===Pool A===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=Volleyball
|res_col_header=Q
|ranking_style=points|bwinpoints=2|blosspoints=1
|update=complete
| team1 = IND | name_IND ={{vb|IND}}
| team2 = THA | name_THA ={{vb|THA}}
| team3 = QAT | name_QAT ={{vb|QAT}}
| team4 = TPE | name_TPE ={{vb|TPE}}
|bwin_IND =3 |bloss_IND =0 |sw_IND =9 |sl_IND =1 |spw_IND =250 |spl_IND =176
|bwin_THA =2 |bloss_THA =1 |sw_THA =7 |sl_THA =4 |spw_THA =242 |spl_THA =244
|bwin_QAT =1 |bloss_QAT =2 |sw_QAT =3 |sl_QAT =7 |spw_QAT =210 |spl_QAT =242
|bwin_TPE =0 |bloss_TPE =3 |sw_TPE =2 |sl_TPE =9 |spw_TPE =232 |spl_TPE =272
|col_QQF=#ccffcc|text_QQF= [[#Final round|Quarterfinals]]
|result1=QQF|result2=QQF|result3=QQF|result4=QQF
|source=
}}

{{Vb res start 2}}
{{Vb res 2|06 Apr|{{vb-rt|TPE}}|1–3|'''{{vb|QAT}}'''|23–25|25–27|25–22|19–25||92–99}}
{{Vb res 2|06 Apr|{{vb-rt|THA}}|1–3|'''{{vb|IND}}'''|27–25|17–25|17–25|8–25||69–100}}
{{Vb res 2|07 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|THA}}'''|3–1|{{vb|TPE}}|33–31|25–20|15–25|25–17||98–93}}
{{Vb res 2|08 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|IND}}'''|3–0|{{vb|TPE}}|25–14|25–19|25–14|||75–47}}
{{Vb res 2|09 Apr|{{vb-rt|QAT}}|0–3|'''{{vb|THA}}'''|26–28|19–25|26–28|||51–75}}
{{Vb res 2|10 Apr|{{vb-rt|QAT}}|0–3|'''{{vb|IND}}'''|22–25|16–25|22–25|||60–75}}
{{end}}

===Pool B===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=Volleyball
|res_col_header=Q
|ranking_style=points|bwinpoints=2|blosspoints=1
|update=complete
| team1 = IRI | name_IRI ={{vb|IRI}}
| team2 = PRK | name_PRK ={{vb|PRK}}
| team3 = CHN | name_CHN ={{vb|CHN}}
| team4 = AUS | name_AUS ={{vb|AUS}}
| team5 = KOR | name_KOR ={{vb|KOR}}
|bwin_IRI =4 |bloss_IRI =0 |sw_IRI =12 |sl_IRI =1 |spw_IRI =321 |spl_IRI =246
|bwin_PRK =3 |bloss_PRK =1 |sw_PRK =9 |sl_PRK =8 |spw_PRK =365 |spl_PRK =376
|bwin_CHN =2 |bloss_CHN =2 |sw_CHN =8 |sl_CHN =9 |spw_CHN =369 |spl_CHN =391
|bwin_AUS =1 |bloss_AUS =3 |sw_AUS =7 |sl_AUS =9 |spw_AUS =341 |spl_AUS =346
|bwin_KOR =0 |bloss_KOR =4 |sw_KOR =3 |sl_KOR =12 |spw_KOR =321 |spl_KOR =358
|col_QQF=#ccffcc|text_QQF= [[#Final round|Quarterfinals]]
|result1=QQF|result2=QQF|result3=QQF|result4=QQF
|source=
}}

{{Vb res start 2}}
{{Vb res 2|06 Apr|{{vb-rt|AUS}}|2–3|'''{{vb|CHN}}'''|23–25|24–26|25–12|25–21|13–15|110–99}}
{{Vb res 2|06 Apr|{{vb-rt|PRK}}|0–3|'''{{vb|IRI}}'''|19–25|18–25|15–25|||52–75}}
{{Vb res 2|07 Apr|{{vb-rt|AUS}}|2–3|'''{{vb|PRK}}'''|25–21|21–25|25–19|21–25|9–15|101–105}}
{{Vb res 2|07 Apr|{{vb-rt|KOR}}|0–3|'''{{vb|IRI}}'''|20–25|17–25|16–25|||53–75}}
{{Vb res 2|08 Apr|{{vb-rt|CHN}}|1–3|'''{{vb|PRK}}'''|25–16|25–27|21–25|20–25||91–93}}
{{Vb res 2|08 Apr|{{vb-rt|KOR}}|0–3|'''{{vb|AUS}}'''|22–25|22–25|23–25|||67–75}}
{{Vb res 2|09 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|IRI}}'''|3–0|{{vb|AUS}}|25–15|25–18|25–22|||75–55}}
{{Vb res 2|09 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|CHN}}'''|3–1|{{vb|KOR}}|16–25|25–20|25–22|27–25||93–92}}
{{Vb res 2|10 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|PRK}}'''|3–2|{{vb|KOR}}|25–27|26–24|25–16|20–25|19–17|115–109}}
{{Vb res 2|10 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|IRI}}'''|3–1|{{vb|CHN}}|21–25|25–15|25–23|25–23||96–86}}
{{end}}

==Final round==

{{Round8-with third
|RD1=Quarterfinals
|RD2=Semifinals
|RD3=Final
|Consol=3rd place

|11 April – [[Visakhapatnam]] |'''{{vb|IND}}'''|'''3'''|{{vb|AUS}}|1
|11 April – [[Visakhapatnam]] |'''{{vb|PRK}}'''|'''3'''|{{vb|QAT}}|0
|11 April – [[Visakhapatnam]] |'''{{vb|IRI}}'''|'''3'''|{{vb|TPE}}|0
|11 April – [[Visakhapatnam]] |{{vb|THA}}|0|'''{{vb|CHN}}'''|'''3'''

|12 April – [[Visakhapatnam]] |'''{{vb|IND}}'''|'''3'''|{{vb|PRK}}|0
|12 April – [[Visakhapatnam]] |'''{{vb|IRI}}'''|'''3'''|{{vb|CHN}}|1

|13 April – [[Visakhapatnam]] |'''{{vb|IND}}'''|'''3'''|{{vb|IRI}}|1

|13 April – [[Visakhapatnam]] |'''{{vb|PRK}}'''|'''3'''|{{vb|CHN}}|0
}}

{{Round4-with third
|RD1=5th–8th places
|RD2=5th place
|Consol=7th place

|13 April – [[Visakhapatnam]] |'''{{vb|AUS}}'''|'''3'''|{{vb|QAT}}|0
|13 April – [[Visakhapatnam]] |{{vb|TPE}}|2|'''{{vb|THA}}'''|'''3'''
|13 April – [[Visakhapatnam]] |{{vb|AUS}}|0|'''{{vb|THA}}'''|'''3'''
|13 April – [[Visakhapatnam]] |'''{{vb|QAT}}'''|'''3'''|{{vb|TPE}}|1
}}

===Quarterfinals===
{{Vb res start 2}}
{{Vb res 2|11 Apr|{{vb-rt|THA}}|0–3|'''{{vb|CHN}}'''|15–25|22–25|22–25|||59–75}}
{{Vb res 2|11 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|PRK}}'''|3–0|{{vb|QAT}}|25–19|25–20|25–22|||75–61}}
{{Vb res 2|11 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|IRI}}'''|3–0|{{vb|TPE}}|25–18|25–18|25–14|||75–50}}
{{Vb res 2|11 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|IND}}'''|3–1|{{vb|AUS}}|25–19|25–23|18–25|25–21||93–88}}
{{end}}

===5th–8th semifinals===
{{Vb res start 2}}
{{Vb res 2|12 Apr|{{vb-rt|TPE}}|2–3|'''{{vb|THA}}'''|25–20|22–25|26–24|18–25|16–18|107–112}}
{{Vb res 2|12 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|AUS}}'''|3–0|{{vb|QAT}}|25–15|25–20|25–18|||75–53}}
{{end}}

===Semifinals===
{{Vb res start 2}}
{{Vb res 2|12 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|IRI}}'''|3–1|{{vb|CHN}}|24–26|25–17|25–23|25–18||99–84}}
{{Vb res 2|12 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|IND}}'''|3–0|{{vb|PRK}}|26–24|25–23|25–21|||76–68}}
{{end}}

===7th place===
{{Vb res start 2}}
{{Vb res 2|13 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|QAT}}'''|3–1|{{vb|TPE}}|25–15|22–25|25–22|25–19||97–81}}
{{end}}

===5th place===
{{Vb res start 2}}
{{Vb res 2|13 Apr|{{vb-rt|AUS}}|0–3|'''{{vb|THA}}'''|22–25|14–25|16–25|||52–75}}
{{end}}

===3rd place===
{{Vb res start 2}}
{{Vb res 2|13 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|PRK}}'''|3–0|{{vb|CHN}}|25–21|25–20|28–26|||78–67}}
{{end}}

===Final===
{{Vb res start 2}}
{{Vb res 2|13 Apr|'''{{vb-rt|IND}}'''|3–1|{{vb|IRI}}|25–23|30–28|23–25|25–20||103–96}}
{{end}}

==Final standing==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

!width=40|Rank
!width=180|Team
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|{{Gold1}}
|style="text-align:left;"|{{vb|IND}}
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|{{Silver2}}
|style="text-align:left;"|{{vb|IRI}}
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|{{Bronze3}}
|style="text-align:left;"|{{vb|PRK}}
|- align=center
|4
|style="text-align:left;"|{{vb|CHN}}
|- align=center
|5
|style="text-align:left;"|{{vb|THA}}
|- align=center
|6
|style="text-align:left;"|{{vb|AUS}}
|- align=center
|7
|style="text-align:left;"|{{vb|QAT}}
|- align=center
|8
|style="text-align:left;"|{{vb|TPE}}
|- align=center
|9
|style="text-align:left;"|{{vb|KOR}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
|-
|width=10px bgcolor=#ccffcc| ||Qualified for the [[2003 FIVB Boys Youth World Championship|2003 FIVB Youth World Championship]]
|}
{{col-2}}
{{winners|vb|2003 Asian Youth Boys champions|IND|First}}
{{col-end}}

==Awards==
*'''MVP:''' {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjay Kumar (volleyball)|Sanjay Kumar]]
*'''Best scorer:''' {{flagicon|IRI}} [[Mohammad Soleimani (volleyball)|Mohammad Soleimani]]
*'''Best spiker:''' {{flagicon|PRK}} [[Pak Yong-nam]]
*'''Best blocker:''' {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjay Kumar (volleyball)|Sanjay Kumar]]
*'''Best server:''' {{flagicon|IRI}} [[Arash Sadeghiani]]
*'''Best setter:''' {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramaswami Kamraj]]
*'''Best digger:''' {{flagicon|IRI}} [[Moslem Mohammadizadeh]]
*'''Best receiver:''' {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. S. Srikanth]]
*'''Special award:''' {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Zane Christensen]]

==References==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031103021004/http://www.jva.or.jp/world/2003/asiayouth/men/ www.jva.or.jp]

==External links==
*[http://www.fivb.org/ FIVB]

{{Volleyball Youth Asian Championship}}

[[Category:2003 in volleyball|A]]
[[Category:2003 in Indian sport|V]]
[[Category:International volleyball competitions hosted by India|V]]
[[Category:Asian Men's U18 Volleyball Championship]]
[[Category:April 2003 sports events in India]]

Jaywantrao Awale

2025-05-08T16:20:00Z

Julimye:

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1940)}}

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jaywant Gangaram Awale
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption = Jayvantrao Awale
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|7|6|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ichalkaranji]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| constituency = [[Latur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Latur]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| term_start1 = 2009
| term_end1 = 2014
| predecessor = [[Rupatai Patil Nilangekar]]
| successor = [[Sunil Gaikwad]]
| office2 = Minister of Social Justice, Government of Maharashtra
| term_start2 = 1999
| term_end2 = 2004
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 = [[Chandrakant Handore]]
| constituency2 = [[Vadgaon Maval|Vadgaon]]
| majority2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse =
| children =
| education = Higher Secondary
| profession = Farmer, businessperson
| website =
| footnotes =
| source =
}}

'''Jaywant Gangaram Awale''' (born 6 July 1940, [[Ichalkaranji]]) was a member of the [[15th Lok Sabha]] of India. He represented [[Latur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Latur]] constituency of [[Maharashtra]] and is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] political party.

== Political career ==
He started his political career in [[Ichalkaranji]]. He served as an M.L.A. for five times in the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from Vadgaon Vidhan Sabha Constituency from 1980–2004, winning elections in 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S13/partycomp279.htm|title=State Elections 2004 - Partywise Comparison for 279-Vadgaon Constituency of Maharashtra|website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> He was made Minister of Social Justice in November 1999 in the [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]] government. Awale is also serving as a member of Maharashtra State Co-Operative Bank and President of INC Maharashtra .{{Citation needed|date= February 2022}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Rupatai Patil Nilangekar]]
| title = [[15th Lok Sabha]]
| years = 16 May 2009 - 19 May 2014
| after = [[Sunil Gaikwad]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Awale, Jaywantrao}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Ichalkaranji]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:People from Latur]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1980–1985]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politicians from Marathwada]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]

{{Maharashtra-INC-politician-stub}}

Tajamul Husain

2024-12-30T11:01:06Z

Julimye: created some post first draft...

{{Short description|Indian politician (1893 – 1974)}}
{{excessive citations|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| party = [[File:Hand INC.svg|25px]][[Indian National Congress]]
| parents = Nawab Sarfraz Husain (father)
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1893|12|19|df=y}}
| spouse = Sabera Begum
| children = 5 sons and 2 daughters
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1974|11|11|1893|12|19|df=y}}
| profession = Barrister
| education = Bar-at-Law
| alma_mater = [[King's College School, Wimbledon]], [[Queens' College, Cambridge]] and Inner Temple, London
}}

'''Tajamul Husain''' (19 December 1893 – 11 November 1974) was an [[Indian politician]], Member of the Constituent Assembly and two times member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (the upper house of the [[Parliament of India]]) from 1952 to 1956 and from 1956 to 1962.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Assembly |first=India Constituent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A5U9il9c68QC&q=Tajamul+Husain+bihar |title=Constituent Assembly Debates: Official Report |date=1949-11-14 |publisher=Lok Sabha, Secretariat |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Assembly |first=India Constituent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tL0SAAAAIAAJ&q=Tajamul+Husain+bihar |title=Debates: Official Report |year=1949 |publisher=Manager of Publications |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Rajya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VtpFJucR0foC&q=Tajamul+Husain+rajya+sabha |title=Rajya Sabha Members: Biographical Sketches, 1952-2003 |year=2003 |publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}</ref> In 1948, he was member of the Indian delegation to the Inter-Parliamentary Conference.<ref name="google">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y40MAAAAYAAJ&dq=Tajamul+Husain+bihar&pg=PA136 |title=Personalities: A Comprehensive and Authentic Biographical Dictionary of Men who Matter in India [Northern India and Parliament] |year=1950 |publisher=Arunam & Sheel |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and background ==
Husain was born on 19 December 1893. He did his education from [[King's College School, Wimbledon|King's college school, Wimbledon]] and [[Queens' College, Cambridge]].<ref name="google"/> He was a barrister by profession and studied law at Inner Temple, London in 1920.<ref name="google"/>

== Political career ==
In 1921, Tajamul Husain joined Congress. He was a member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from 1937 to 1950,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Council |first=Bihar (India) Legislature Legislative |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UVggAQAAIAAJ&q=Tajamul+Husain+bihar |title=The Bihar Legislative Council Debates: Official Report |date=1938-07-05 |publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Branch Press |language=en}}</ref> Member of Constituent Assembly from 1946 to 1950,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Assembly (Legislative) |first=India Constituent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yjIdyQtTjNoC&dq=Tajamul+Husain+bihar&pg=PA501 |title=The Constituent Assembly of India (Legislative) Debates: Official Report |year=1948 |publisher=Manager of Publications |language=en}}</ref> Member of Provisional Parliament 1950 to 1952<ref name="Singh 1954">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Trilochan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PFvVAAAAMAAJ&q=Tajamul+Husain+bihar |title=Indian Parliament (1952-57): "Personalities"-Series 2 Authentic, Comprehensive and Illustrated Biographical Dictionary of Members of the Two Houses of Parliament |year=1954 |publisher=Arunam & Sheel |language=en}}</ref> and Member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (the upper house of the [[Parliament of India]]) from 1952 to 1956 and from 1956 to 1962.<ref name="Singh 1954"/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Rajya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=npkaAQAAIAAJ&dq=Tajamul+Husain+bihar&pg=PP14 |title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report |year=1960 |publisher=Council of States Secretariat |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC&dq=Tajamul+Husain+bihar&pg=PA9 |title=Religion, Caste, and Politics in India |year=2010 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-93-80607-04-7 |language=en}}</ref>

== Positions held ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!#
!From
!To
!Position
|-
|1
|1937
|1950
|Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
* 1946 to 1950 - Member of Constituent Assembly
|-
|2
|1950
|1952
|Member of Provisional Parliament
|-
|3
|1952
|1956
|Member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (1st term)
|-
|4
|1956
|1962
|Member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (2nd term)
|}

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Husain, Tajamul}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge]]

Vanagaram

2024-11-29T18:31:24Z

Julimye: added info

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vanagaram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = neighborhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|13|3|12|N|80|9|40|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = Chennai
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = TN-12
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Chennai Central
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Maduravoyal
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Vanagaram''', which is pronounced as Vaanagaram, is a [[residential]] neighborhood in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] [[India]]. It is in North-East of Chennai and the fastest developing parts of the city. It has always been a smart and affluent residential suburb, but more recently Vanagaram has become a busy commercial and educational center as well.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VANAGARAM Village in TIRUVALLUR {{!}} eTamilNadu.org |url=https://www.etamilnadu.org/vanagaram-village-653.html |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=www.etamilnadu.org}}</ref>

* (In Tamil language), 'Vaan' means 'sky' and 'agaram' means 'the place of God for worshipping/residence'.

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}

{{Neighborhoods of Chennai}}
{{Chennai Topics}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Chennai]]

Nawaraj Silwal

2024-11-23T01:47:44Z

Julimye: creating post

{{short description|Nepali politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nawaraj Silwal
| native_name = नवराज सिलवाल
| office = [[Pratinidhi Sabha|Member of Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha]]
| term_start = 4 March 2018
| term_end = 18 September 2022
| constituency = [[Lalitpur 1]]
| birth_place = [[Lalitpur District, Nepal]]
| party = [[CPN (UML)]]
| nationality = [[Nepal]]i
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1963|08|24}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://hr.parliament.gov.np/uploads/attachments/z3qljvte6vwen2cy.pdf |title=संघीय संसद सदस्य, २०७४ परिचयात्मक पुस्तिका |publisher=Federal Parliament Secretariat |year=2021 |location=Nepal |pages=270 |language=ne |trans-title=Federal Parliament Members 2017 Introduction Booklet}}</ref>
}}
'''Nawaraj Silwal''' is a Nepalese Politician, former DIG of [[Nepal Police]] and serving as the Member Of [[Federal Parliament of Nepal|House Of Representatives]] (Nepal) elected from [[Lalitpur District, Nepal|Lalitpur]]-1, Province No. 3.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/former-dig-silwal-elected-parliament/|title=Former DIG Silwal elected to parliament|date=9 December 2017|website=The Himalayan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kantipurdaily.com/news/2017/12/09/20171209215329.html|title=नवराज सिलवाल ६ हजार मतान्तरले विजयी|website=www.kantipurdaily.com}}</ref> He is member of the [[Nepal Communist Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://annapurnapost.com/news/81491|title=नवराज सिलवाल एमालेमा प्रवेश|website=नवराज सिलवाल एमालेमा प्रवेश}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Silwal, Nawaraj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Lalitpur District, Nepal]]
[[Category:Nepal Communist Party (NCP) politicians]]
[[Category:Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) politicians]]
[[Category:Nepal MPs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Nepalese police officers]]
[[Category:1963 births]]

{{Bagmati-politician-stub}}

NOVLIK

2024-10-29T13:55:37Z

Julimye:

{{Short description|Indian DJ}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{orphan|date=January 2024}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=October 2024}}
}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = NOVLIK
| image =
| image_size = 280px
| caption = Novlik performing at Trivandrum, Rajadhani College
| birth_name = Novlik Nisudan
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|16 November 1989}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], India
| genre = [[Psychedelic trance]], [[Hindustani classical music]]
| occupation = [[DJ]], [[music producer]], [[composer]]
| instrument = DJ, [[digital audio workstation]]
| years_active = 2018–present
| label = [[Saregama]], Dacru Records, MUSIA
}}
'''Novlik Nisudan''' (born 16 November 1989), better known by his stage name '''NOVLIK''' is a [[Disc jockey|DJ]], [[record producer]] and remixer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novlik – Biography |url=https://ra.co/dj/novlik/biography|website=Resident Advisor}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Novlik was born in [[Bangalore]], India. He initially worked as a manager at [[ITC Hotels]] in Bangalore before pursuing music production and DJing. Later, he relocated to [[Manchester]], UK, to undertake courses in music production at School of Electronic Music.<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=School of Electronic Music |title=Music Business Course – Weekend and Evening Training |url=https://schoolofelectronicmusic.com/music-business/ |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=schoolofelectronicmusic.com}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=September 2023|reason=Nothing about Novlik there.}} In 2017, he began producing music after returning to India.<ref name="indulgexpress">{{Cite web |title=Groove to electronic, trance and classical music at this music concert in Hyderabad |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2018/aug/24/groove-to-electronic-trance-and-classical-music-at-this-music-concert-in-hyderabad-9702.html |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=www.indulgexpress.com |date=24 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Novlik started his career at the age of 21, producing [[Psychedelic trance|psy-trance]] music. Initially, he began DJing at commercial events and weddings, where he started to perform at festivals and nightclubs in India after gaining recognition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-25 |title=Novlik Nisudan Trailblazing Career : From Psy-Trance Gatherings to |url=https://spotlighterspost.com/blogs/novlik-nisudan-trailblazing-career-from-psy-trance-gatherings-to-mainstream-music-launches/ |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=Spotlighters Post |language=en-US}}</ref> During the [[Holi]] festival 2022 in [[Pushkar]], he performed to an estimated of 110,000 audience.

Novlik is also known to opening for acts like [[Vini Vici]], [[Skazi]], Mandragora, Burn in Noise and more.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vini Vici in Hyderabad 2019 |url=https://highape.com/hyderabad/events/vini-vici-in-hyderabad-K7rOEN5wlg |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=highape.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

In 2021, he produced and remixed multiple tracks with [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani Classicals]] as the foundation to his psy-trance tracks. <ref name="indulgexpress" />

In 2022, he produced his first psy-trance track, "[[Ravanasura (film)#Music|Ravanasura Anthem]]" for the movie ''[[Ravanasura (film)|Ravanasura]]''. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arikatla |first=Venkat |date=2023-02-06 |title=Ravanasura Anthem: Pulsating |url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/ravanasura-anthem-pulsating-127101 |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=greatandhra.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-07 |title='Ravanasura': The Anthem is energetic and moody! – Telugu News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ravanasura-the-anthem-is-energetic-and-moody-telugu-news-332488 |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-09 |title=Hyderabad psytrance DJ Novlik Nisudan on EDM track 'Ravanasura anthem' from Ravi Teja's upcoming movie ''Ravanasura'' |language=en-IN |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/hyderabad-based-psytrance-dj-producer-novlik-nisudan-on-ravanasura-anthem-the-electronic-dance-track-from-ravi-tejas-upcoming-movie-ravanasura/article66484926.ece |access-date=2023-06-12}}</ref> The track is owned and published by [[Saregama]].

Later in August, he produced an electronic psy-trance version of Indian national song "[[Vande Mataram]]" which received numerous support.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-04 |title=Psytrance DJ-producer Novlik Nisudan's version of the patriotic song |language=en-IN |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/psytrance-dj-producer-novlik-nisudans-version-of-the-patriotic-song/article65715449.ece |access-date=2023-06-12}}</ref>

In 2023, NOVLIK was invited to headline the [[Road to Ultra|Road To Ultra: India]] pre-party alongside Shanti people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ultra Music Official Post |url=https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fp%2FCqxUfBEN5_t%2F%3Fhl%3Den |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=instagram.com}}</ref>

== Discography ==
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Track title
!Release year
|-
|1
|You (ft. The Carbons)
|2023
|-
|2
|Anahata Trip
|2023
|-
|3
|Guruve Namaha (ft. Ankit Sharda''',''' Daztrk)
|2023
|-
|4
|Out of Control (ft. The Carbons)
|2022
|-
|5
|[[Ravanasura (film)#Music|Ravanasura Anthem]]
|2022
|-
|6
|On Namo
|2022
|-
|7
|Ik Vaari (ft. Quantum, Sudhanshu Dogra)
|2022
|-
|8
|Vande Mataram
|2022
|-
|9
|Wimbo (ft. Nes Mburu)
|2022
|-
|10
|Middle Eastern Spice
|2022
|-
|11
|Indian Trip (ft. Quantum, Keren)
|2022
|-
|12
|Change Your Mind
|2022
|-
|13
|Ambara
|2022
|-
|14
|Becoming Insane (ft. Eric Castiglia)
|2021
|-
|15
|Rock It Up
|2021
|-
|16
|Yadana
|2021
|-
|17
|Something Just Like This
|2021
|-
|18
|Otherside
|2021
|-
|19
|Sarva Mangala Maangalye
|2021
|-
|20
|Hypnotise
|2021
|-
|21
|Bhavani Astakam (ft. Shanti People)
|2021
|-
|22
|Quedate
|2020
|-
|23
|No Festival Drama
|2020
|-
|24
|The Happy Barbarian
|2020
|-
|25
|Psy Level Up
|2020
|-
|26
|Feel The Beat
|2020
|-
|27
|Early Rising
|2020
|-
|28
|Oudible
|2020
|-
|29
|Wait
|2020
|-
|30
|You are A Virus
|2020
|-
|31
|Rigid Structure
|2018
|-
|32
|Frozen Boomerang
|2018
|-
|33
|Crystal Waves
|2018
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian DJs]]
[[Category:Indian record producers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Psychedelic artists]]

M Valiulla

2024-08-17T21:42:55Z

Julimye: put up a bio initial version!

{{Short description|Indian politician (1899 - 1960)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| birth_date = {{birth year|1899}}
| spouse = Habebunnisa Begum
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1960|12|19|1899}}
| party = [[File:Hand INC.svg|25px]][[Indian National Congress]]
| parents = Mohamed Ibrahim Saheb (father)
| education = B.A., LL.B
}}

'''Mohamed Valiulla''' (1899 - 19 December 1960) was an Indian politician. He was a Member of the Mysore Constituent Assembly from 1948 to 1950. He also served as a Member of the Mysore Legislative Assembly from 1950 to 1952 and Member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (the upper house of the [[Parliament of India]]) twice from 1952 to 1958 and from 1958 to 1960. He was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Ravindra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVSR1drJOkUC&dq=m+valiulla+rajya+sabha+mp&pg=PA33 |title=The Selected Works of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: 1955-1956 |date=1991 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-7156-309-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NqJNAQAAIAAJ&q=m+valiulla+rajya+sabha+mp |title=The Indian Trade Journal |date=1957 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Lok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gmbVAAAAMAAJ&q=mohamed+valiulla+rajya+sabha |title=Lok Sabha Debates |date=1956 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Member_Biographical_Book.pdf |url=https://cms.rajyasabha.nic.in/UploadedFiles/ElectronicPublications/Member_Biographical_Book.pdf | publisher=rajyasabha.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dept |first=Mysore (India : State) Information |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UE8dAQAAIAAJ&q=mohamed+valiulla+rajya+sabha |title=Mysore Information |date=1956 |language=en}}</ref>

== Position held ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!#
!From
!To
!Position
|-
|1
|1948
|1950
|Member of Mysore Constituent Assembly
|-
|2
|1950
|1952
|Member of Mysore Legislative Assembly
|-
|3
|1952
|1958
|Member of Parliament - [[Rajya Sabha]]
|-
|4
|1958
|1960
|Member of Parliament - [[Rajya Sabha]]
|}

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1960 deaths]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]

{{Karnataka-INC-politician-stub}}

Rudra: Boom Chik Chik Boom

2024-06-12T14:29:13Z

Julimye: corrected citations for consistency

#REDIRECT [[Green Gold Animations#Television]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Walter Maude

2024-05-11T06:04:03Z

Julimye: fixed issues

{{Short description|British administrator in India}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
'''Sir Walter Maude''' {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCIE|CSI}} (1862 – 2 May 1943) was a British administrator in [[India]].

Maude was born in [[Highgate]], London, and was educated at [[Highgate School]] and [[Balliol College, Oxford]]. He joined the [[Indian Civil Service]] in 1881 and went out to India in 1883, being posted to [[Bengal]]. In 1912, he transferred to the new province of [[Bihar and Orissa]], where he was to spend the rest of his career, as a Member of the Board of Revenue. He became a member of the Governor's Executive Council in 1917 and the president of the Provincial Legislature in 1921. He retired in 1921 and returned to live in [[Jersey]] and then [[Guernsey]], but left for England before the [[Occupation of the Channel Islands|German invasion]] in 1940.

He was appointed [[Companion of the Order of the Star of India]] (CSI) in 1914 and [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (KCIE) in the 1920 New Year Honours.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=31712 |date=30 December 1919 |page=5 |supp=y}}</ref>

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*Obituary, ''[[The Times]]'', 4 May 1943

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maude, Walter}}
[[Category:1862 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Highgate]]
[[Category:People educated at Highgate School]]
[[Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:British civil servants in British India]]

{{UK-diplomat-stub}}

Khari River (Rajasthan)

2023-11-22T08:43:39Z

Julimye: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Khari River]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from duplicated article}}
{{R from merge}}
{{R from unnecessary disambiguation}}
}}

Pirhi

2023-06-18T01:18:16Z

Julimye: starting new pg added tags

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pirhi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Dih block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Pirhi (#339) in Dih CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.128126|N|81.444042|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here|title=Geonames Search}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.302
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 794
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Pirhi''' is a village in [[Dih, Raebareli|Dih]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=393–409 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> It is located 21 km from [[Raebareli]], the district headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> As of 2011, it has a population of 794 people, in 141 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities, and it does not host a permanent market or a weekly [[haat]].<ref name="Census 2011"/> It belongs to the [[nyaya panchayat]] of [[Khetaudhan]].<ref name="Census 1991"/>

The [[1951 Census of India|1951 census]] recorded Pirhi as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 356 people (173 male and 183 female), in 73 households and 66 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1951">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1951: District Census Handbook Uttar Pradesh (42 - Rae Bareli District) |date=1955 |location=Allahabad |pages=166–7 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/933/1/23644_1951_RAE.pdf |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 322 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1951"/> 19residents were literate, all male.<ref name="Census 1951"/> The village was listed as belonging to the [[pargana]] of [[Parshadepur]] and the [[thana]] of [[Salon, India|Salon]].<ref name="Census 1951"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Pirhi as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 348 people (172 male and 176 female), in 97 households and 97 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=civ-cv of section "Salon Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 322 acres and it had a post office at that point.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Pirhi as having a population of 302 people, in 103 households.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=212–3 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

The [[1991 Census of India|1991 census]] recorded Pirhi as having a total population of 496 people (249 male and 247 female), in 101 households and 101 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1991">{{cite book |title=Census 1991 Series-25 Uttar Pradesh Part-XII B Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract District Census Handbook District Raebareli |date=1992 |pages=xxiv-xxviii, 244–5 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1443/1/36846_1991_RAE.pdf |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was listed as 131 hectares.<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 88, or 18% of the total; this group was 55% male (48) and 45% female (40).<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of [[scheduled castes]] made up 29% of the village's population, while no members of [[scheduled tribes]] were recorded.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The [[literacy rate]] of the village was 23% (89 men and 23 women).<ref name="Census 1991"/> 148 people were classified as main workers (132 men and 16 women), while 60 people were classified as marginal workers (all women); the remaining 288 residents were non-workers.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 105 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 29 agricultural labourers (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 8 workers in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 0 in mining and quarrying; 1 household industry worker; 0 workers employed in other [[manufacturing]], processing, service, and repair roles; 0 [[construction worker]]s; 1 employed in trade and commerce; 0 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 4 in other services.<ref name="Census 1991"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]

Sarkar Sabir Pak

2023-04-25T14:11:50Z

Julimye: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Alauddin_Sabir_Kaliyari]]