https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=JulianaThurston 2026-08-17T19:50:04Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Udagamandalam_Assembly_constituency&diff=542268 2026-05-07T08:08:28Z

<p>JulianaThurston: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{coord|11.41|N|76.70|E|display=title}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 108<br /> | map_image = Constitution-Udhagamandalam.svg<br /> | district = [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Nilgiris Lok Sabha constituency|Nilgiris]]<br /> | established = 1957<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | mla = [[M. Bhojarajan]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> | name = Udhagamandalam<br /> | electors = 188,826 <br /> | reservation = <br /> }}<br /> '''Udagamandalam''' or 'Udhagamandalam' is a state assembly constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 108. It comes under [[Nilgiris Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf<br /> |title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies<br /> |access-date = 2008-10-10<br /> |work = Tamil Nadu<br /> |publisher = Election Commission of India<br /> |url-status = dead<br /> |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090206012938/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf<br /> |archive-date = 2009-02-06<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; The constituency has been in existence since the 1957 election. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below.<br /> <br /> == Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br /> === Madras State ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> | B. K. Linga Gowder<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> | [[T. Karchan Gowder]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | K. Bojan<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Tamil Nadu ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> | [[M. Devarajan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | B. Gopalan<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> | rowspan=2|[[K. Kallan]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> | [[Indian National Congress (I)]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> | rowspan=2|[[H. M. Raju]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> | [[T. Gundan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> | H. M. Raju<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> | B. Gopalan<br /> |-<br /> | [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> | [[Budhichandhiran]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> | rowspan=2|[[R. Ganesh (politician)|R. Ganesh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> | [[M. Bhojarajan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2026|2026]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|32.61}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|46.90}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|48.34}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.22}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|47.55}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|62.67}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|70.25}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|60.79}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|36.76}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|62.99}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|51.82}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|28.94}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.32}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Swatantra Party}}|68.03}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|49.57}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|56.56}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Bhojarajan]]&lt;ref&gt;https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/partywisewinresult-369S22.htm&lt;/ref&gt; |party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=48,488 |percentage= 32.61|change=-10.46}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Ibrahim |party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes=47,512 |percentage=31.95 |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= B. Ramachandran |party=Indian National Congress |votes=45,658 |percentage=30.70 |change=-16.2 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Ragupathy Bheeman|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=4,641 |percentage= 3.12 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,525 |percentage= 1.03|change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=148704 |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =187425 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party|loser= Indian National Congress|swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref name=&quot;2021UdagRes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Udhagamandalam Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a108|access-date= 2 Jul 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Ganesh (politician)|R. Ganesh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=65,530 |percentage=46.90% |change=-1.44 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Bhojarajan]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=60,182 |percentage=43.07% |change=+38.92 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Jayakumar |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=6,381 |percentage=4.57% |change=+4.03 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dr. S. Suresh Babu |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=4,935 |percentage=3.53% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,376 |percentage=0.98% |change=-1.09 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Lakshmanan |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,273 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,348 |percentage=3.83% |change= -3.61% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=139,726 |percentage=67.87% |change= -1.21% }}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=357|percentage=0.26% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 205,882 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -1.44% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2016 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Ganesh (politician)|R. Ganesh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=67,747 |percentage=48.34% |change=+4.27 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vinoth |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=57,329 |percentage=40.90% |change=-9.31 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raman |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,818 |percentage=4.15% |change=+1.94 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. King Narcissus |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=3,111 |percentage=2.22% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=2,912 |percentage=2.08% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Balraj |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=781 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Jagan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=748 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,418 |percentage=7.43% |change= 1.28% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=140,155 |percentage=69.08% |change= -2.21% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 202,898 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.88% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2011 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Budhichandhiran]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=61,605 |percentage=50.22% |change=+7.43 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Ganesh (politician)|R. Ganesh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=54,060 |percentage=44.07% |change=-3.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Kumaran |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,716 |percentage=2.21% |change=+0.65 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Selvaraj |party=Independent politician |votes=1,743 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,545 |percentage=6.15% |change= 1.39% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=122,675 |percentage=71.29% |change= 7.81% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 172,086 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 2.67% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=B. Gopalan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=45,551 |percentage=47.55% |change=-15.12 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. N. Dorai |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=40,992 |percentage=42.79% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Benjamin Jacob |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=4,963 |percentage=5.18% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Murugesan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,499 |percentage=1.56% |change=-30.65 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Anand Kumar |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=932 |percentage=0.97% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Sasi Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=758 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Krishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=498 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,559 |percentage=4.76% |change= -25.69% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=95,797 |percentage=63.48% |change= 11.81% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 150,906 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -15.12% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2001===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[H. M. Raju]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=59,872 |percentage=62.67% |change=+40.01 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Hutchi Gowder |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=30,782 |percentage=32.22% |change=+30.08 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Alwas |party=Janata Party |votes=1,606 |percentage=1.68% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sri Hari K |party=Independent politician |votes=1,067 |percentage=1.12% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=H. T. Bojan |party=Janata Dal (Secular) |votes=1,033 |percentage=1.08% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. N. K. Nanjundan |party=Independent politician |votes=626 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=29,090 |percentage=30.45% |change= -17.15% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=95,538 |percentage=51.67% |change= -11.48% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 184,958 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -7.58% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Gundan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=69,636 |percentage=70.25% |change=+38.93 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[H. M. Raju]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,456 |percentage=22.65% |change=-38.14 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Chickiah |party=Janata Dal |votes=4,245 |percentage=4.28% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Gopalakrishnan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,117 |percentage=2.14% |change=-3.02 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=47,180 |percentage=47.60% |change= 18.12% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=99,128 |percentage=63.15% |change= 6.44% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 165,251 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 9.46% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1991===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[H. M. Raju]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=53,389 |percentage=60.79% |change=+24.03 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=H. Natraj |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=27,502 |percentage=31.31% |change=-4.61 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Krishnappa Advocate |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,527 |percentage=5.15% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Neelamalai Raja |party=Independent politician |votes=1,251 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,887 |percentage=29.47% |change= 28.64% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=87,827 |percentage=56.71% |change= -12.98% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159,035 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 24.03% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1989===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[H. M. Raju]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,541 |percentage=36.76% |change=-26.23 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Gundan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,735 |percentage=35.93% |change=+0.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Gangadaran |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=19,281 |percentage=19.94% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Neelamalai Raja |party=Independent politician |votes=5,248 |percentage=5.43% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Mohamed Azam |party=Independent politician |votes=513 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Longanathan |party=Independent politician |votes=503 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=806 |percentage=0.83% |change= -26.71% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=96,683 |percentage=69.69% |change= 0.59% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 141,234 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -26.23% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1984===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Kallan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=52,145 |percentage=62.99% |change=+11.17 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. A. Mahalingam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=29,345 |percentage=35.45% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Belli |party=Independent politician |votes=1,293 |percentage=1.56% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,800 |percentage=27.54% |change= 13.10% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=82,783 |percentage=69.11% |change= 6.93% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 124,026 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 11.17% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Kallan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,528 |percentage=51.82% |change=+36.55 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Gopalan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,628 |percentage=37.38% |change=+8.44 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Chickiah |party=Janata Party |votes=7,184 |percentage=10.48% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,900 |percentage=14.44% |change= 14.23% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=68,560 |percentage=62.18% |change= 1.22% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,534 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 22.88% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1977===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=B. Gopalan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=18,134 |percentage=28.94% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Karuppasamy |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=18,005 |percentage=28.74% |change=-27.58 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Manian |party=Janata Party |votes=16,946 |percentage=27.05% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. B. Raman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,567 |percentage=15.27% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=129 |percentage=0.21% |change= -21.69% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=62,652 |percentage=60.95% |change= -8.73% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 104,067 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -27.37% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1971===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Devarajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=28,901 |percentage=56.32% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. B. Nanjan |party=Swatantra Party |votes=17,662 |percentage=34.42% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. B. Raman |party=Independent politician |votes=2,312 |percentage=4.51% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Bojan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,388 |percentage=2.70% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. R. Md. Ismail |party=Independent politician |votes=677 |percentage=1.32% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Yovan |party=Independent politician |votes=378 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,239 |percentage=21.90% |change= -14.16% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=51,318 |percentage=69.68% |change= -5.70% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,000 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Swatantra Party |swing= -11.71% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1967===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Bojan |party=Swatantra Party |votes=37,525 |percentage=68.03% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. K. Gowder |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,636 |percentage=31.97% |change=-17.6 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,889 |percentage=36.06% |change= 26.13% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=55,161 |percentage=75.39% |change= 7.49% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,843 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Swatantra Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 18.46% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1962===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=T. Karchan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=32,860 |percentage=49.57% |change=-6.99 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Bojan |party=Swatantra Party |votes=26,278 |percentage=39.64% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Rajan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=6,514 |percentage=9.83% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Verghese Joseph (Babooji) |party=Independent politician |votes=402 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,582 |percentage=9.93% |change= -40.24% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=66,291 |percentage=67.89% |change= 19.14% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 100,904 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -6.99% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Udhagamandalam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf| access-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=B. K. Linga Gowder |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,595 |percentage=56.56% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. M. Sanjeevi Raju |party=Independent politician |votes=2,556 |percentage=6.40% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,039 |percentage=50.16% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=39,947 |percentage=48.76% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,929 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> * {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010|df= dmy-all}}<br /> <br /> {{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Ooty]]<br /> [[Category:Nilgiris district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]<br /> [[Category:1957 establishments in Madras State]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalik_(2025_film)&diff=514186 2026-05-05T16:43:54Z

<p>JulianaThurston: created new biography with sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2025 Indian film by Pulkit}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Maalik<br /> | image = Maalik (2025 film).jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Pulkit<br /> | writer = Jyotsana Nath&lt;br /&gt;Pulkit<br /> | producer = Kumar Taurani&lt;br&gt;Jay Shewakramani<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Rajkummar Rao]]<br /> *[[Prosenjit Chatterjee]]<br /> *[[Manushi Chhillar]]<br /> *[[Saurabh Shukla]]<br /> }}<br /> | music = '''Songs:'''&lt;br /&gt;[[Sachin-Jigar]]&lt;br /&gt;'''Score:'''&lt;br /&gt;Ketan Sodha<br /> | editing = Zubin Sheikh<br /> | cinematography = Anuj Rakesh Dhawan<br /> | studio = [[Tips Industries]]&lt;br /&gt;Northern Lights Films<br /> | distributor = [[Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|07|11}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ndtv.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maalik X Reviews: Rajkummar Rao's Intense Performance Strikes A Chord With Fans |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/maalik-reviews-rajkummar-rao-s-intense-performance-strikes-a-chord-with-fans-8859532 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=NDTV |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | runtime = 152 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maalik |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMTA1MDYyMDI1MDAyMTI= |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = {{estimation}} ₹26.30 crore&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Maalik Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/maalik-3/box-office/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |publisher=Hungama Digital Media Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. |date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2025-07-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Maalik''''' ({{translation |Master}}) is a 2025 Indian Hindi-language [[action thriller]] film directed by Pulkit and produced by Kumar Taurani and Jay Shewakramani.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rajkummar Rao's Gangster Action Thriller Maalik Gets Release Date, Find Out |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/rajkummar-raos-gangster-action-thriller-maalik-gets-release-date-find-out-9228292.html |date=2025-02-15 |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt32832266/ |title=Maalik (2025) ⭐ 8.0 {{!}} Action, Crime, Drama |language=en-US |access-date=2025-07-14 |via=m.imdb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film stars [[Rajkummar Rao]] in the [[Title character|titular role]], alongside [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] and [[Manushi Chhillar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Maalik'' was released on 11 July 2025, and received mixed reviews from critics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Rajkummar Rao's 'Maalik' to now release in theatres on July 11|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rajkummar-raos-maalik-to-now-release-in-theatres-on-july-11/article69490454.ece/|work=The Hindu |date=25 April 2025 |access-date=25 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The film is set in the late 1980s in [[Prayagraj|Allahabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The narrative introduces Deepak ([[Rajkummar Rao]]), a young man from a farming family whose life takes a violent turn. Deepak, an aspiring student studying in Allahabad University, listens to respected Minister Shankar Singh ([[Saurabh Shukla]]) a.k.a. Dadda's speech and feels inspired and invigorated. His father ([[Rajendra Gupta]]), an ordinary farmer, Bindeshwar, is severely injured by Langda, a man assigned by Dadda to encroach the farmer's field. Langda orders his men to drive a tractor on the elderly man, while he was attempting to protect his employer's fields from encroachment. Driven by a desire for vengeance, Deepak first confronts Dadda, and when the latter allows the former to do so, tracks down and brutally kills Langda with the help of a Pandit. This act initiates Deepak's descent into the criminal underworld.<br /> <br /> Following this initial act of violence, Deepak adopts the moniker &quot;Maalik&quot; (Master/Owner) and begins his ruthless ascent. He systematically builds a criminal empire amidst the volatile socio-political landscape of Allahabad, navigating intricate relationships with political figures, rival gangs, and figures such as the powerful MLA, Balhar Singh ([[Swanand Kirkire]]), his mentor Dadda, and business rival Chandrashekhar ([[Saurabh Sachdeva]]).<br /> <br /> Chandrashekhar persuades Balhar Singh to deal with the increasing influence of Maalik. Balhar assigns a suspended police officer from Bengal, Prabhu Das ([[Prosenjit Chatterjee]]), who claims to have had 98 encounters, to apprehend Maalik. Prabhu barges into and investigates Maalik's house, where Maalik was not present for the time being. He threatens Maalik's parents, and abuses Maalik's wife Shalini ([[Manushi Chhillar]]), making her shed tears. As an act of revenge, Maalik sends his men to kidnap Prabhu's grandson, Debu. He, however, releases Debu, warns Prabhu against doing such an act in future, and openly challenges him into combat, before leaving. <br /> <br /> Chandrashekhar murders Ramsevan Ghosh, who was responsible for the transport functions in Maalik's business, making Maalik suffer significant losses. Maalik warns Dadda and Balhar against meddling with his business affairs. Since the murder of Ramsevan Ghosh did not affect Maalik's business too heavily, Chandrashekhar decides to seize Maalik's factory. Maalik and his men shoots and murders all of Chandrashekar's men allotted there.<br /> Defeated, a desperate Chandrashekhar seeks Balhar's help, and the two successfully manage to rage-bait Prabhu Das into directly attacking Maalik, though without success. Maalik manages to defeat Prabhu's officers with the help of his loyal associate, Badauna ([[Anshumaan Pushkar]]). Maalik stands for the elections, a decision which is heavily opposed by both Dadda and Balhar. Dadda, though acting pleasurably and supportive in front of Maalik, decides to guide Balhar, Chandrashekhar and Prabhu secretively. Prabhu guards the Allahabad borders, Chandrashekhar's men annex Maalik's hiding spots and Balhar aggressively opposes Maalik's chances of winning elections. Enraged, Maalik uncovers new weapons, like the AK-47 and the AK-56. He successfully attacks Dadda's house with his new weapons and manages to murder Dadda with his bare hands. <br /> <br /> Despite his increasingly violent and authoritative public persona, Maalik maintains a strong connection with his parents and his wife. Shalini frequently attempts to persuade him to abandon his criminal life, especially after she becomes pregnant. Maalik almost surrenders on Shalini's request, but vacillates when Badauna informs him that Shalini was shot dead by Chandrashekhar's henchmen. Maalik hangs the four responsible henchmen single handedly, and then moves on to murder Chandrashekhar in front of his son.<br /> <br /> Balhar calls Maalik to apparently negotiate, but Maalik's gang soon realizes that they had been ambushed by police. Balhar is shot by Badauna and the gang escapes. However, one by one, all of Maalik's gang is shot dead. Police forces also suffer heavy loss, but under Prabhu's instructions, manage to surround Maalik and Badauna. There, Badauna performs a strange act by murdering Pandit. He lets Maalik know that it was him who got Maalik's wife killed in cahoots with Prabhu and Balhar. Badauna never intended to surrender and wanted to take over Maalik's empire. This was the sole reason for which he murders Balhar, Dadda, Chandrashekhar and Shalini, along with Maalik's workers and Pandit.<br /> <br /> Maalik is seriously injured by Badauna before Badauna walks away, and police sets the place on fire. Few months later Badauna is elected an MLA and Prabhu gets awarded for bringing Maalik down. However, as Prabhu enjoys the Durga Puja festival in Kolkata, Maalik emerges from the crowd and the movie ends in a cliffhanger.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> *[[Rajkummar Rao]] as Deepak (Maalik) the Gangester Man <br /> *[[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] as Prabhu Das <br /> *[[Manushi Chhillar]] as Shalini <br /> *[[Huma Qureshi]] as Mallika<br /> *[[Saurabh Sachdeva]] as Chandrashekhar <br /> *[[Saurabh Shukla]] as Minister Shankar Singh<br /> *[[Anshumaan Pushkar]] as Badauna<br /> *[[Swanand Kirkire]] as Balhar Singh<br /> *[[Rajendra Gupta]] as Bindeshwar, Deepak / Maalik's father<br /> *[[Baljinder Kaur]] as Parvati, Deepak / Maalik's mother<br /> *Yogi Raj as Langda<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> ===Development===<br /> On 4 July 2024, it was reported that filming would commence in September 2024, with locations set in [[Lucknow]] and [[Varanasi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-04 |title=Rajkummar Rao and Medha Shankar to star in action flick Maalik from Bhakshak director Pulkit; film goes on floors in September: Report |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-medha-shankar-star-action-flick-maalik-bhakshak-director-pulkit-film-goes-floors-september-report/ |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; To prepare for the physically demanding role, [[Rajkummar Rao]] worked on building a more muscular physique.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-07-04 |title=Rajkummar Rao to transform into an action hero for Maalik: Report |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkummar-rao-to-transform-into-an-action-hero-for-maalik-report/articleshow/111475839.cms |access-date=2025-04-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rajni |date=2024-07-04 |title=Rajkummar Rao and 12th Fail actress Medha Shankr set to star in action thriller Maalik? Here's what we know |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/rajkummar-rao-and-12th-fail-actress-medha-shankr-set-to-star-in-action-thriller-maalik-heres-what-we-know-1324306 |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=2024-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910212103/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/rajkummar-rao-and-12th-fail-actress-medha-shankr-set-to-star-in-action-thriller-maalik-heres-what-we-know-1324306 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[muhurat shot]] took place on 25 August 2024 in Pathakpur village.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maalik: Rajkummar Rao reveals title and first look of his next after Stree 2 on his birthday |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/maalik-rajkummar-rao-reveals-title-first-look-next-stree-2/0787c3a0fb543 |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250403125337/https://www.ottplay.com/news/maalik-rajkummar-rao-reveals-title-first-look-next-stree-2/0787c3a0fb543 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Rajkummar Rao begins shooting for Pulkit's new thriller Maalik; first-look poster out |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/rajkummar-rao-begins-shooting-for-pulkits-new-thriller-maalik-first-look-poster-out/cid/2044831 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903155912/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/rajkummar-rao-begins-shooting-for-pulkits-new-thriller-maalik-first-look-poster-out/cid/2044831 |archive-date=2024-09-03 |access-date=2025-04-03 |work=The Telegraph |language=en }}&lt;/ref&gt; Vikram Dahiya was roped in to design the action sequences.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Rao officially announced the film with a poster on 31 August 2024, coinciding with his 40th birthday.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-08-31 |title=Rajkummar Rao turns gangster in 'Maalik', shares poster on 40th birthday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/rajkummar-rao-maalik-new-film-gangster-poster-announced-birthday-2591299-2024-08-31 |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Casting===<br /> {{Multiple image<br /> | direction = horizontal<br /> | image1 = Rajkumar Rao Filmfare Glamour and Style Awards 2019 (cropped).jpg<br /> | image2 = Manushi Chhillar, GQ Men of the Year Awards 2019 (12) (cropped).jpg<br /> | footer = [[Rajkummar Rao]] (left) portrays the lead character, alongside [[Manushi Chhillar]] as female lead<br /> | align = right<br /> | total_width = 300<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[Rajkummar Rao]] was cast in the title role, marking his second collaboration with director Pulkit after the historical drama ''[[Bose: Dead/Alive]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-16 |title=Rajkummar Rao wraps up his first full-fledged actioner 'Maalik' |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/wrap-for-rajkummar-rao-maalik-manushi-chhillar-23430469 |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=Mid-day |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250403125337/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/wrap-for-rajkummar-rao-maalik-manushi-chhillar-23430469 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Manushi Chhillar]] was cast the female lead, replacing [[Medha Shankr]] who was initially cast opposite Rao.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-07-04 |title=Rajkummar Rao to transform into an action hero for Maalik: Report |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkummar-rao-to-transform-into-an-action-hero-for-maalik-report/articleshow/111475839.cms |access-date=2025-04-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-08-07 |title=Rajkummar Rao and Manushi Chhillar to team up for director Pulkit's next film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkummar-rao-and-manushi-chhillar-to-team-up-for-director-pulkits-next-film/articleshow/112352938.cms |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2025-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417205623/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkummar-rao-and-manushi-chhillar-to-team-up-for-director-pulkits-next-film/articleshow/112352938.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] was cast to play a police officer, marking his return to [[Hindi cinema]] nine years after ''[[Traffic (2016 film)|Traffic]]'' (2016).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; The supporting cast consists of [[Anshumaan Pushkar]] and [[Swanand Kirkire]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Additionally, [[Huma Qureshi]] was reported to make a cameo appearance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-10 |title=Huma Qureshi joins Rajkummar Rao starrer Maalik with special dance: Report |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/huma-qureshi-joins-rajkummar-rao-starrer-maalik-special-dance-report/ |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Filming===<br /> [[Principal photography]] began in August 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rajkummar Rao announces new film Maalik on birthday, looks fierce as he poses with gun; fans say: Big leap from Stree 2 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-announces-new-film-maalik-on-birthday-looks-fierce-poses-with-gun-big-leap-from-stree-2-101725085543107.html |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=2024-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924132005/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-announces-new-film-maalik-on-birthday-looks-fierce-poses-with-gun-big-leap-from-stree-2-101725085543107.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film had a continuous three-month shooting schedule, covering [[Lucknow]], [[Varanasi]], and [[Unnao]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; The first schedule begun in late August on the outskirts of Lucknow, along the Lucknow-Kanpur highway, featuring Rao and Chhillar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-08-27 |title=After Stree 2 success, Rajkummar Rao starts shooting with Manushi Chhillar for Pulkit's next in Lucknow |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/after-stree-2-success-rajkummar-rao-starts-shooting-with-manushi-chhillar-for-pulkit-s-next-in-lucknow-101724747566251.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917202121/https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/after-stree-2-success-rajkummar-rao-starts-shooting-with-manushi-chhillar-for-pulkit-s-next-in-lucknow-101724747566251.html |archive-date=2024-09-17 |access-date=2025-04-03 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rajkummar Rao begins shooting for Maalik after Stree 2 success |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-begins-shooting-for-maalik-after-stree-2-success-68179.html |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=Filmfare |language=en |archive-date=2024-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909075337/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-begins-shooting-for-maalik-after-stree-2-success-68179.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Filming also took place at [[University of Lucknow|Lucknow University]]'s Subhash Hostel on 25 September 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-09-25 |title=Lucknow University student's hurdang stalls Rajkummar Rao's film shoot in the city |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/lucknow-university-students-hurdang-stalls-rajkummar-raos-film-shoot-in-the-city/articleshow/113652647.cms |access-date=2025-04-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2025-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417212012/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/lucknow-university-students-hurdang-stalls-rajkummar-raos-film-shoot-in-the-city/articleshow/113652647.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The two-month Lucknow schedule concluded in mid-November 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-11-14 |title=Rajkummar Rao wraps up a two-month shooting schedule in Lucknow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkummar-rao-wraps-up-a-two-month-shooting-schedule-in-lucknow/articleshow/115282607.cms |access-date=2025-04-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2025-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316044310/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkummar-rao-wraps-up-a-two-month-shooting-schedule-in-lucknow/articleshow/115282607.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some scenes were shot at the District Hospital in Unnao.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=उन्नाव जिला अस्पताल में 'मालिक' फिल्म की शूटिंग:राजकुमार राव ने निभाई महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका, कहा- यह एक अद्भुत अनुभव, यहां के लोग बहुत अच्छे |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/unnao/news/shooting-of-the-film-malik-in-unnao-district-hospital-133905868.html |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=Dainik Bhaskar}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The final schedule took place in [[Kanpur]], concluding with the protagonist's wedding sequence on 14 November 2024. Rao also performed high-intensity action sequences, including weapon-based combat and [[Hand-to-hand combat]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Music==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Maalik<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> | released = 11 July 2025<br /> | recorded = 2024–2025<br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = {{Duration|m=18|s=50}}<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | label = [[Tips Industries|Tips Music]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Nadaaniyan]]<br /> | prev_year = 2025<br /> | next_title = [[Param Sundari (film)|Param Sundari]]<br /> | next_year = 2025<br /> | misc = {{External media<br /> | audio1 = {{YouTube|8rG7COBitiY|Maalik - Full Album}}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The film's soundtrack is composed by [[Sachin–Jigar]] with the lyrics written by [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ndtv.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maalik X Reviews: Rajkummar Rao's Intense Performance Strikes A Chord With Fans |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/maalik-reviews-rajkummar-rao-s-intense-performance-strikes-a-chord-with-fans-8859532 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=NDTV |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The background score is composed by Ketan Sodha.<br /> <br /> The first single titled &quot;Naamumkin&quot; was released on 10 June 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=20 June 2025 |title=Maalik's heart throb! Rajkummar and Manushi ignite the screen in &quot;Naamumkin&quot;|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/maaliks-heart-throb-rajkummar-and-manushi-ignite-the-screen-in-naamumkin_223313 |work=India Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt; The second single titled &quot;Dil Thaam Ke&quot; was released on 20 June 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=20 June 2025 |title=Huma Qureshi sets the screen on fire with 'Dil Thaam Ke' from Rajkummar Rao starrer Maalik, watch|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/huma-qureshi-sets-screen-fire-dil-thaam-ke-rajkummar-rao-starrer-maalik-watch/ |work=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt; The third single titled &quot;Raaj Karega Maalik&quot;<br /> was released on 4 July 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=9 July 2025 |title='Raaj Karega Maalik' song out now! Rajkummar Rao and Manushi Chhillar steal the show with swagger and bold avatar|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/raaj-karega-maalik-song-now-rajkummar-rao-manushi-chhillar-steal-show-swagger-bold-avatar/ |work=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(S)<br /> | total_length = 18:50<br /> | title1 = Naamumkin<br /> | extra1 = Varun Jain, [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br /> | length1 = 3:44<br /> | title2 = Dil Thaam Ke<br /> | extra2 = [[Rashmeet Kaur]], [[Rana Mazumder]]<br /> | length2 = 3:06<br /> | title3 = Raaj Karega Maalik<br /> | extra3 = [[Akasa Singh]], MC SQUARE<br /> | length3 = 3:36<br /> | title4 = Affair<br /> | extra4 = Khesari Lal Yadav, Shradha Mishra, Sachin-Jigar<br /> | length4 = 3:16<br /> | title5 = Naamumkin<br /> | note5 = Sad Version <br /> | extra5 = Varun Jain<br /> | length5 = 2:03<br /> | title6 = Raaj Karega Maalik<br /> | note6 = Rap Version <br /> | extra6 = MC SQUARE, Akasa Singh<br /> | length6 = 3:05<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Marketing==<br /> A pre-release event was held on 7 July 2025 at [[Raj Mandir Cinema]] in [[Jaipur]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-07-07 |title=Actress keeps Jaipur waiting, Rajkummar Rao takes spotlight: Calls 'Malik' his boldest role yet; avoids sparking language row during heated public interaction at event - Jaipur News |url=https://www.bhaskarenglish.in/local/rajasthan/jaipur/news/actress-arrives-late-rajkummar-rao-wins-moment-malik-boldest-role-avoids-language-row-at-jaipur-event-135394552.html |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Bhaskar English |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> ===Theatrical===<br /> ''Maalik'' was released on 11 July 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> ===Home media===<br /> The film began streaming on [[Amazon Prime Video]] from 5 September 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=5 September 2025 |title=Maalik arrives on OTT: When and where to watch Rajkummar Rao starrer crime drama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/maalik-arrives-ott-watch-rajkummar-rao-starrer-crime-drama/ |publisher=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> <br /> === Box office ===<br /> The film earned {{INR}}4.02 crores on the opening day, much lower than Rao's previous release of the year, ''[[Bhool Chuk Maaf]]'', which had earned {{Indian rupee}}7 crores on its opening day. It managed to collect {{INR}}20 crores by the end of 4 days.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Sharma |first=Riya |date=11 July 2025 |title=Maalik box office collection day 1: Rajkummar Rao film fails to beat Bhool Chuk Maaf's opening day haul, earns ₹3 crore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/maalik-box-office-collection-day-1-rajkummar-rao-film-fails-to-beat-bhool-chuk-maafs-opening-day-haul-earns-3-crore-101752247139252.html |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |publisher=HT Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Critical reception ===<br /> The film received mixed reviews from critics. {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|23|4.7|13|consensus=}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maalik (2025) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/maalik_2025 |access-date=25 July 2025 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Subhash K Jha of ''[[News 24 (Indian TV channel)|News 24]]'' gave 4 out of 5 stars and said that &quot;Pulkit doesn’t put too much stress on the theme of social inequality. He just wants to tell a punitive story that keeps us on the edge of the seat. In that, Maalik scores brainy and brawny points.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |title=Maalik Review: The Most Riveting Gangster Epic Since Satya |url=https://news24online.com/entertainment/maalik-review-the-most-riveting-gangster-epic-since-satya/603087/ |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=News 24}}&lt;/ref&gt;''[[Firstpost]]'' gave the film 3.5 stars out of 5, and while feeling the narrative was tried-and-tested, praised the performances.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/maalik-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-rules-and-roars-in-a-tenacious-but-tried-and-tested-crime-drama-13905187.html|title='Maalik' movie review: Rajkummar Rao rules and roars in a tenacious but tried-and-tested crime drama|website=[[Firstpost]]|access-date=11 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[India TV]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 stars, praising the action sequences, direction, storyline and Rao's performance while finding the film overlong and Chatterjee's part poorly written.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/maalik-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-stands-out-in-pulkit-s-gangster-drama-but-it-is-not-all-ground-breaking-manushi-chhillar-saurabh-shukla-1051|title=Maalik Movie Review: Rajkummar Rao stands out in Pulkit's gangster drama, but it is not all ground-breaking|website=[[India TV]]|access-date=11 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' rated 3/5 stars and said that &quot;Maalik is Rajkummar Rao’s Satya and Vaastav. He's at his visceral best in this gangster drama.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |title=Maalik Movie Review: Old Wine Meets New Bottle |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/maalik-movie-review-old-wine-meets-new-bottle-75413.html |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rishabh Suri of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' rated 3/5 stars and writes that &quot;Despite its flaws, Maalik stands tall, much like its hero, punching above its weight thanks to Rajkummar Rao’s fiery energy.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Suri |first=Rishabh |title=Maalik movie review: Old wine, new swag, with a fiery Rajkummar Rao works in parts |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/maalik-movie-review-old-wine-new-swag-with-a-fiery-rajkummar-rao-works-in-parts-101752235251065.html |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, praising the direction and performances while finding the story clichéd and evoking a sense of [[déjà vu]] due to its similarities with other gangster films ''[[Vaastav: The Reality|Vaastav]]'' and the ''[[Shootout at Lokhandwala|Shootout series]]'' as well as the television series ''[[Khakee: The Bihar Chapter]].''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/maalik-3/critic-review/maalik-3-movie-review/maalik-is-a-routine-gangster-drama-that-treads-familiar-ground/|title=Maalik Movie Review: MAALIK is a routine gangster drama that treads familiar ground.|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=11 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 1.5 stars out of 5 and said that &quot;A new gangster drama with old beats is not the break-out that Rao must have been hoping for.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Gupta|first=Shubhra|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/maalik-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-film-is-predictable-to-a-fault-10120077/|title=Maalik movie review: Rajkummar Rao film is predictable to a fault|website=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=11 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' commented that &quot;A typical gangster story born out of class struggle in the Hindi heartland, the film is less than the sum of its parts.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Kumar|first=Anuj|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/maalik-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-manushi-chhillar-prosenjit-chatterjee-pulkit/article69800299.ece|title='Maalik' movie review: Rajkummar Rao rules in this rambling action drama|website=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=11 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhaval Roy of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave the film 2/5 stars and argued that it was a clichéd and uninspired gangster drama with a weak, tedious plot despite solid performances and good technical work, offering little originality and that ''Maalik'' &quot;can be skipped.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Roy |first=Dhaval |date=11 July 2025 |title=Maalik Movie Review: This Gangster Drama Falls Flat Despite Rajkummar Rao's Fine Act |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/maalik/movie-review/122392085.cms |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=The Times of India |publisher=Times Internet}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Deepa Gahlot]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' awarded 2 stars out of 5 and said that &quot;Maalik is just unpleasant, not even slightly engaging.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Gahlot|first=Deepa|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/maalik-review/20250711.htm|title=Review: Can't Root For This Maalik|website=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=11 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Shreyas Pande of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated 1.5/5 stars and commented that &quot;the film is content with just presenting Rajkummar in a templated gangster story.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Pande|first=Shreyas|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/review/2025/Jul/11/maalik-movie-review-a-massy-rajkummar-rao-in-a-messy-actioner|title=Maalik Movie Review: A massy Rajkummar Rao in a messy actioner|website=[[Cinema Express]]|access-date=11 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Sana Farzeen of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 2 out of 5 stars and observed that &quot;Despite strong performances, the film struggles with clichéd storytelling and emotional disconnect.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Farzeen|first=Sana|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/maalik-review-rajkummar-rao-gritty-underworld-drama-lacks-depth-2754475-2025-07-11|title=Maalik review: Rajkummar Rao enjoys the gritty role, sadly, audiences don't|website=[[India Today]]|access-date=11 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' said that &quot;‘Maalik’ lacks both single-screen soul and multiplex gloss.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Desai|first=Rahul|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/maalik-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-is-trapped-in-a-stale-gangster-saga|title='Maalik' Movie Review: Rajkummar Rao is Trapped in a Stale Gangster Saga|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]|access-date=11 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|id=32832266}}<br /> *{{Bollywood Hungama movie|maalik-3}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2025 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian gangster films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Lucknow]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kanpur]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Varanasi]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in 1988]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> [[Category:Tips Industries films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 action thriller films]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranganathan&diff=529541 2026-05-05T11:38:28Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Created Details</p> <hr /> <div>{{wikt|Ranganatha}}<br /> '''Ranganathan''' is a South Indian surname. It is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] name [[Ranganatha]], which is the name of the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Vishnu]], as depicted resting on the ''[[nāga]]'' [[Shesha]]. The name derives from the Sanskrit words ''ranga'', meaning &quot;place of assembly,&quot; and ''natha'', meaning &quot;protector,&quot; and thus by extension the name literally means &quot;protector of the place of assembly.&quot;<br /> <br /> It may refer to:<br /> <br /> *[[B. Ranganathan]], breast cancer technologist<br /> *[[Pradeep Ranganathan]], Indian film director and actor<br /> *[[R. Madhavan]], film actor<br /> *[[Ramesh Ranganathan]], Chief Justice of Uttarakhand High Court<br /> *[[Romesh Ranganathan]], English stand-up comedian<br /> *[[S. R. Ranganathan]], mathematician and librarian<br /> *[[Shoba Ranganathan]], Indian Australian biochemist <br /> *[[T. Ranganathan]], musician<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Ranganatha Temple (disambiguation)]]<br /> * [[Ranga (disambiguation)]]<br /> * [[Nath (disambiguation)]]<br /> {{Disambiguation}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]<br /> [[Category:Indian given names]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil masculine given names]]<br /> [[Category:Masculine given names]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mayabazaar_1995&diff=516986 2026-05-04T10:14:59Z

<p>JulianaThurston: created new data more to come.</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1995 film by Keyaar}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Mayabazaar 1995<br /> | image = Mayabazaar 1995.jpg<br /> | caption = Title card<br /> | director = [[Keyaar]]<br /> | screenplay = Keyaar<br /> | story = [[Panchu Arunachalam]]<br /> | producer = Meena Panju Arunachalam<br /> | starring = [[Ramki]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Robert–Rajasekar|J. A. Robert]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2018 |title=பாலைவனச்சோலை பட இயக்குனர் ராபர்ட் மரணம் |url=https://www.dinakaran.com/News_Detail.asp?Nid=454685 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928063427/https://www.dinakaran.com/News_Detail.asp?Nid=454685 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=[[Dinakaran]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | editing = [[B. Lenin]]&lt;br /&gt;[[V. T. Vijayan]]<br /> | music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> | studio = P. A. Art Productions<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1995|8|12|ref1=}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Mayabazaar 1995''''' is a 1995 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy horror]] film directed by [[Keyaar]] and produced by Meena Panchu Arunachalam. The film stars [[Ramki]] and [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], with [[Suvarna Mathew]], [[Visu]], [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] and [[Ajay Rathnam]] in supporting roles. It was released on 12 August 1995.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=மாயா பஜார் 1995 / Mayabazar 1995 (1995) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/mayabazar-1995 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109143118/https://screen4screen.com/movies/mayabazar-1995 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=9 November 2023 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Suji is the only daughter of billionaire Vishwanathan and plays pranks on the unsuspecting. One such prank she does is conducting an interview for choosing a personal secretary for her father, in which she chooses Ram as the secretary. Vishwanathan's friend Moorthy, manager Ajay, and Swarna want to take over Vishwanathan's property, so Moorthy sets up Raja to marry Suji. However, Suji marries Ram.<br /> <br /> Vishwanathan suddenly dies of a heart attack, and Suji goes to Ooty but is killed by Ram, Moorthy, and Ajay. Suji becomes a ghost and decides to take revenge. Suji witnesses Mayamma, a lookalike who works as a fake exorcist and asks her to act as herself. Suji witnesses that the real Ram is kidnapped by the villains and it is Raja whose face was changed as Ram through plastic surgery.<br /> <br /> All the baddies suspect that she might not be Suji and finds out that she is Mayamma. In the climax, Ram signs all the documents, brilliantly ties up his look-alike Raja, and gets him burnt. All three villains meet their fate: Swarna turns insane after seeing a skeleton, Suji possesses Moorthy's body and kills Ajay, and Moorthy is hanged.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|* [[Ramki]] as Ram/Raja<br /> * [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] as Suji/Mayamma<br /> * [[Suvarna Mathew]] as Swarna<br /> * [[Visu]] as Vishwanathan (Suji's father)<br /> * [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Kuppu<br /> * [[Kitty (actor)|Kitty]] as Moorthy<br /> * [[Ajay Rathnam]] as Ajay<br /> * [[Chinni Jayanth]]<br /> * Kamalesh PK as Fake Raja<br /> * Kutty Ramesh as Ramesh<br /> * Sridharan Sampathkumaran (Auditor Sridhar) as Sridhar<br /> * [[S. Rajasekar]]<br /> * [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Thangam<br /> * [[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]] as Police officer<br /> * [[Junior Balaiah]]<br /> * [[Swaminathan]] as Swaminathan}}<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mayabazar 1995 |url=https://gaana.com/album/mayabazar-1995 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928062147/https://gaana.com/album/mayabazar-1995 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maya Bazar Tamil film Audio Cassette |url=https://mossymart.com/product/maya-bazar-tamil-film-audio-cassette-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928063340/https://mossymart.com/product/maya-bazar-tamil-film-audio-cassette-2/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=Mossymart}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Oru Oorile&quot; || [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[S. Janaki]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Viji Manuel || rowspan=5|[[Panchu Arunachalam]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Birthday Party&quot; || [[K. S. Chithra]], Viji Manuel, Sivakumar, Anuradha<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Adada Angu&quot; || [[Jolly Abraham]], Master Easwar, Baby Narmadha, Baby Vaishnavi, Geetha<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Adada Oru&quot; || [[K. S. Chithra]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Muthu Muthu&quot; || [[K. S. Chithra]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Naan Poranthathu&quot; || Lekha, Devie Neithiyar, S.Arundhathi, Viji, Geetha, Anuradha, [[Arunmozhi]], [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> K. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' wrote that the film &quot;has its own charm, definitely because of Urvasi's personal magic&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. |date=2 September 1995 |title=Influence of 'Ghost' is all too evident |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nnpaAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=xh4EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1475%2C589273 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607100803/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nnpaAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=xh4EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1475%2C589273 |archive-date=7 June 2024 |access-date=28 September 2022 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=44 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; R. P. R. of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' criticised the film for lack of originality.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=ஆர். பி. ஆர். |date=10 September 1995 |title=மாயா பஜார் 1995 |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1995-09-10/page/n65/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230130030859/https://archive.org/details/kalki1995-09-10/page/n65/mode/2up |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=30 January 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=64 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> {{Keyaar}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1990s ghost films]]<br /> [[Category:1995 comedy horror films]]<br /> [[Category:1995 films]]<br /> [[Category:1995 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1995 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about pranks]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Keyaar]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian ghost films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language comedy horror films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Gould_Wilder&diff=530978 2026-05-01T16:37:05Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Created Post - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|American Christian missionary in Maharashtra, India}}<br /> {{use American English|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{use mdy dates|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | honorific_prefix = [[The Reverend]]<br /> | name = Royal Gould Wilder<br /> | image = Rev.Royal Gould Wilder.png<br /> | caption = Wilder in 1888<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|10|27}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Bridport, Vermont]], U.S.<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|1887|10|10|1816|10|27}}<br /> | death_place = New York City, U.S.<br /> | occupation = Missionary<br /> | relatives = [[Almanzo Wilder]] (nephew)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Royal Gould Wilder''' (October 27, 1816{{snd}}October 10, 1887) was an American Christian missionary. He worked in the principality of [[Kolhapur State|Kolhapur]] for the [[American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions]] from 1846 to 1860, as an independent missionary from 1862 to 1870 and finally under the [[American Presbyterian Mission]] from 1870 till 1875.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shneider-1986&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shneider |first=Robert |date=1986 |title=Royal G. Wilder: New School Missionary in the ABCFM, 1846-1871 |journal=American Presbyterians |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=73–82 |jstor=23330724 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Royal Gould along with his wife Elizabeth Jane Smith laid the foundation of systematic education in the area of Kolhapur principality and founded eight schools in the principality&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-2022&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1857, he founded the Wilder Memorial Church, [[Kolhapur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-2022&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shneider-1986&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sherwood-1888&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Royal Gould Wilder was born to Abel Wilder and Hannah Paine on October 27, 1816.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Wilder |first=Moses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YxlMAQAAIAAJ |title=Book of the Wilders |year=2021 |orig-date=1878 |publisher=Edward O.Jenkins |isbn=9780608358529 |pages=274}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was the uncle of American farmer [[Almanzo Wilder]] and his brother Gould Wilder, the latter of whom took after his name. His father Abel Wilder worked as a ship-carpenter in [[Portland, Maine|Portland]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-2021&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> As a child, Royal Gould was deeply attracted to Christianity and converted at the age of 13 during a revival meeting.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shneider-1986&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sherwood-1888&quot; /&gt; He studied at the Vermont's Middlebury College and passed at top of his class.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shneider-1986&quot; /&gt; Wilder was also impacted by the [[Haystack Prayer Meeting]] and had decided to become a missionary for the non-believers.<br /> <br /> He taught for 2 years before joining the [[Andover Theological Seminary]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Shneider-1986&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUgsAAAAYAAJ |title=General Catalogue of the Theological Seminary, Andover |publisher=Harvard University |year=1908}}&lt;/ref&gt; While at Andover Wilder was part of the Society of Inquiry on missions&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |website=Archives at Wentz Library, Gettysburg: Seminary Archives |publisher=[[United Lutheran Seminary]] |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/arwentz/docs/Seminary+Archives/Finding+Aids/Society-of-Inquiry-on-Missions_Seminary-Archives_Gettysburg.pdf |title=Society of Inquiry on Missions |first=Sheila |last=Joy |date=May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as the more secret &quot;Society of the Brethren&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Philips |first=Clifton |title=Protestant America and the Pagan World: The First Half Century of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 1810–1860 |year=2020| orig-date=1969|publisher=Harvard University |isbn=978-1-68417-163-7 |pages=32–56 |jstor=j.ctt1tg5hng.7}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Life as a missionary ==<br /> <br /> === Missionary with ABCFM (1846-1861) ===<br /> Royal Gould Wilder joined the [[American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions]] with his wife Elizabeth as missionaries and in 1846, left for [[British India|India]] along with [[Samuel B. Fairbank]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Clark-1876&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Work in Ahmednagar ====<br /> They arrived in [[Ahmednagar]] in [[Maharashtra]] where he worked as a missionary and a teacher for 6 years between 1846 and 1852.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clark-1876&quot; /&gt; At Ahmednagar, he learned a lot from [[Cynthia Farrar]], an earlier American missionary.<br /> <br /> Wilder was put in charge of the boarding school at Ahmednagar and was equally responsible for six elementary schools in Ahmednagar. He additionally saw to the establishment of twenty schools in the nearby villages.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Marty |first=Martin |title=Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States |date=November 10, 2016 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers |isbn=9781442244320 |pages=2477}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Wilder's firm beliefs and strong viewpoints brought him in conflict with the administration and the board. He was transferred to Kolhapur to set up a new mission.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-2022&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Work in Kolhapur ====<br /> Royal Gould Wilder was tasked to establish a new mission station in [[Kolhapur]], [[Maharashtra]] which previously had no missionary presence – the nearest station was at [[Satara (city)|Satara]], about 60 miles away, and travel difficulties made it difficult to access. Wilder and his wife arrived in Kolhapur on 4 December 1852, residing in a military bungalow near [[Rankala Lake]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-2022&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> On his arrival, local religious leaders petitioned King Shivaji IV (Babasaheb Maharaj), the [[Raja]] of Kolhapur to expel him. But after consulting Major Douglas Graham, the political superintendent who supported Wilder's educational work, the king dismissed the opposition, marking a shift in policy toward missionaries.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-2022&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Wilder established a school that began with two boys and grew to over 200 boys and 20 girls within a year. His wife Elizabeth Wilder played a key role in encouraging families to educate their daughters, and the number of female students rose to 120 within a few years. Members of the royal family also enrolled their children, reflecting close ties between the Wilders and the Kolhapur rulers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-2022&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The mission's influence soon extended beyond education. Two [[Brahmin]] teachers sought baptism, and the first convert was Govind Appa Chavan, a distant relative of the king and a member of a regent family. His baptism on April 5, 1857 is considered the foundation of the Wilder Memorial Church.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-2022&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The ABCFM board under [[Rufus Anderson]] commission recommended stopping any educational work and closing of Kolhapur station for a few reasons. As the station was outside of British authority, as Kolhapur was under the independent rule of the family of [[Shahu Maharaj]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Strong |first=William Ellsworth |title=The Story of the American Board An Account of the First Hundred Years of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions |publisher=Pilgrim Press |year=1910 |edition=1st |pages=175 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Deputation to the India Missions |title=Report of the Deputation to the India Missions Made to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, at a Special Meeting, Held in Albany, N.Y., March 4, 1856 |date=March 4, 1856 |publisher=T.R. Marvin |publication-date=March 4, 1856 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> There were also discussions in the mission about teaching in English versus the vernacular language in which Wilder did not seek rapid conversions but instead, emphasized that local people should first gain a full understanding of the Gospel before baptism.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-2022&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Wilder returned to the [[United States]] due to medical reasons and tried unsuccessfully to convince the board for the reinstatement of the closed Kolhapur mission. In the meantime the church building he had built in Kolhapur was sold off by the mission in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Wilder |first=Royal Gould |title=Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions |date=2022 |publisher=Bod Third Party Titles |isbn=9783375055639 |publication-date=1861 |pages=250–282 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Independent missionary (1862–1870) ===<br /> Royal Gould Wilder's work was recognized and respected by his presbytery and supporting churches. After the ABCFM discontinued the Kolhapur mission, he chose to continue the work independently, without backing from the ABCFM or any other missionary board. However, he did receive support from the Presbytery of Champlain in the Albany Synod, as well as from friends who sympathized with his efforts.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shneider-1986&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Wilder was also helped in his independent mission by [[Henry Bartle Frere|Sir Bartle Frere]], Governor of Bombay, Colonel Phayre and [[Robert Arthington]] of Leeds.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sherwood-1888&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sherwood |first=James |date=January 1888 |title=IN MEMORIAM: REV. ROYAL GOULD WILDER. |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015074646491&amp;seq=8 |journal=Missionary Review of the World |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=7 |via=Hathitrust}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Wilder re-established the church in Kolhapur in 1862, erecting a new building near the original site at his own expense. Wilder still had good relations with the ruler of Kolhapur and resumed his educational work.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shneider-1986&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> After working for 7 years indendently, Wilder returned to the United States in 1870 and decided to handover the working of his mission to the [[Presbyterian Church in the United States of America|Presbyterian Church in the United States]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Shneider-1986&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Missionary with American Presbyterian Mission (1870-75) ===<br /> In the United States, [[New School Presbyterians]] initially worked with the ABCFM, however there were some disputes regarding the working of ABCFM, one of the issue was not allowing the growth of denominational church and also the Wilder episode.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shneider-1986&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Until 1869, the New School Presbyterians worked with the ABCFM. In 1869 the New School Presbyterians re-united with the [[Presbyterian Church in the United States]] and Wilder handed over his independent mission to the church and in 1870 returned to India as a PCUSA missionary.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shneider-1986&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> This time Wilder was also joined by another missionaries like Rev. Galen W. Seiler and Joseph M. Goheen along with their wives; Mrs. J. J. Hull, Mrs. R. G. Wilder and Miss Grace E. Wilder.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of Foreign Missions |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ko_n9uMF8FUC |title=Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. |publisher=The Board |year=1888 |publication-date=1888}}&lt;/ref&gt; By then, the mission was in a stable condition and education had taken root in Kolhapur. The ruler of Kolhapur had established a brand new school called &quot;Rajaram High School&quot; and Wilder now spent more time focusing on missionary work.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-1878&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> During this period the [[United Society Partners in the Gospel|S.P.G.Mission]] (Society for the Propagation of the Gospel) had also started their work in Kolhapur which conflicted with the work of Presbyterian missionaries.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-1878&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> There were also some groupism in the churches based on previous castes. Wilder worked to develop a spirit of Catholic Christianity and Unity between all the groups and denominations.<br /> <br /> Wilder finally returned to the United States for the last time in 1875 due to ill health and to focus on the education of his children after about 30 years of missionary service.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sherwood-1888&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Royal Gould Wilder passed away on the 10th of October 1887 and is buried in [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/144573841/royal_gould-wilder Princeton Cemetery], New Jersey<br /> <br /> == Impact and legacy ==<br /> The work done in the field of education in Ahmednagar and Kolhapur was useful for upliftment of the local people and especially the girls.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sherwood-1888&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Over his 30 years of missionary service, Royal Gould Wilder preached in more than 3000 villages, towns and cities, distributed over 3,000,000 pages of tracts. He oversaw the education of more than 3,300 pupils - 300 of them girls.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sherwood-1888&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The journal started by Rev. Wilder - &quot;The Missionary Review of the World&quot; was a periodical that reported on Protestant Christian missionary work globally, published from 1878 to 1939. It served as a key source of information and inspiration for missionary societies and individuals involved in spreading the Christian faith. Wilder served as the editor from 1878 till his death in 1887.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-1878&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The church founded by Wilder is known today as the '''Wilder Memorial Church''' in Kolhapur and is one of the largest congregation in Southern Maharashtra, India.<br /> <br /> Rev. Wilder's son [[Robert Parmelee Wilder|Robert Parmalee Wilder]] worked among youths through [[Student Volunteer Movement]] and [[YMCA]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Schneider |first=Robert A. |url=http://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0801654 |title=Wilder, Robert Parmalee (1863-1938), mission activist |date=2025 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online |language=en |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0801654}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Publications ==<br /> <br /> *''Missionary Review of the World''&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-1878&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wilder |first=Royal Gould |date=1878 |title=Missionary Review |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hng92k&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=1 |journal=Missionary Review |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1 |via=Hathitrust}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''Mission Schools in India of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions''&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilder-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Wilder |first=Royal Gould |title=Mission Schools in India of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions |publisher=Bod Third Party Titles |year=2022 |orig-date=1861 |isbn=9783375055639 |location=New York |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''Commentary on the Gospels of Matthew &amp; Mark''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Wilder |first=Royal Gould |url=https://archive.org/details/commentaryongosp00wild_1/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Commentary on the Gospels of Matthew &amp; Mark |publisher=Bombay Tract &amp; Book Society |year=1870 |location=Bombay |language=Marathi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''Commentary on the Gospel according to Luke''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Wilder |first=Royal Gould |url=https://archive.org/details/commentaryongosp00wild/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Commentary on the Gospel according to Luke |publisher=Bombay Tract and Book Society |year=1875 |language=Marathi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''Translation of 1 Chronicles, Job from English into Marathi''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=American |first=Marathi Mission |url=https://archive.org/details/memorialpapersof00amer |title=Memorial Papers of the American Marathi Mission, 1813-1881 |publisher=Education Society Press |year=1882 |pages=83 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''The Shepherd of Salibury Plain - Translated into Marathi''&lt;ref name=&quot;Clark-1876&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=A.H |title=Centennial Souvenir of the Marathi Mission of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions 1813-1913 |publisher=American Marathi Mission |year=1876 |pages=47}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''The Dairyman's Daughter - Translated into Marathi''&lt;ref name=&quot;Clark-1876&quot; /&gt;<br /> *''On Faith - Translated into Marathi''&lt;ref name=&quot;Clark-1876&quot; /&gt;<br /> *''Revised Translation of Kindness to Animals''&lt;ref name=&quot;Clark-1876&quot; /&gt;<br /> *''Physical Errors of Hinduism''&lt;ref name=&quot;Clark-1876&quot; /&gt;<br /> *''Scripture Manual - Translated into Marathi''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Wilder |first=Royal Gould |title=Scripture Manual |publisher=Bombay tract and book society |year=1857 |location=Bombay |publication-date=1857 |language=English |trans-title=Pavitra Shastratiil Mukhya Vishay}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Wilder, Royal Gould}}<br /> [[Category:1816 births]]<br /> [[Category:1887 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People from Bridport, Vermont]]<br /> [[Category:American Christian missionaries]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century American non-fiction writers]]<br /> [[Category:American Christian writers]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basavaraj_Shivannanavar&diff=489987 2026-05-01T13:17:08Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Creating new entry v1</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1956)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> '''Basavaraj Neelappa Shivannanavar''' (born 1956) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is a member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from [[Byadgi Assembly constituency|Bydagi Assembly constituency]] in [[Haveri district]]. He won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Basavaraj Neelappa Shivannanavar, Karnataka Election (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಚುನಾವಣಾ) 2023: Karnataka legislative assembly election (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಚುನಾವಣಾ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶ) 2023 News, Videos, Photos Latest Update |url=https://kannada.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/karnataka/basavaraj-neelappa-shivannanavar-byadgi-candidate-s10a085c006/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=News18 Kannada |language=kn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cong strategy in Karnataka: 12 MLAs dropped; party-hoppers, migrants, tainted turn lucky&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=16 April 2018 |title=Cong strategy in Karnataka: 12 MLAs dropped; party-hoppers, migrants, tainted turn lucky |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2018/04/16/cong-strategy-in-karnataka-12-mlas-dropped-party-hoppers-migrants-tainted-turn-lucky.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510103308/https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2018/04/16/cong-strategy-in-karnataka-12-mlas-dropped-party-hoppers-migrants-tainted-turn-lucky.html |archivedate=10 May 2025 |accessdate=10 May 2025 |publisher=The Week |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Shivannanavar is from [[Byadagi]], Haveri district, Karnataka. His father Neelappa Basappa Shivannanavar was a farmer. He completed his B.A. in 1978 at G.H College which is affiliated with [[Karnatak University]], Dharwad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Basavaraj Neelappa Shivannanavar(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- BYADGI(HAVERI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6789 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=www.myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Shivannanavar won from [[Byadgi Assembly constituency|Bydagi Assembly constituency]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]] in the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election. He polled 97,740 votes and defeated his nearest rival and sitting MLA, Ballari Virupakshappa Rudrappa of the Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 23,841 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Byadgi Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Basavaraj Neelappa Shivannanavar Of INC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/byadgi-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-7797013.html |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He first became an MLA winning the [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] and regained the [[Byadgi Assembly constituency|Bydagi seat]] in the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023 Assembly election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title=Byadagi Constituency Election Results: Assembly seat details, MLAs, candidates &amp; more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/constituency/byadagi-assembly-constituency-election-results-assembly-seat-details-mlas-candidates/articleshow/99018320.cms |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2013, he polled 57,707 votes and defeated his nearest opponent, Shivaraj Sajjanar of the Karnataka Janata Paksha, by a margin of 13,359 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Basavaraj Neelappa Shivannanavar in Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/karnataka/basavaraj-neelappa-shivannanavar-byadgi-candidate-s10a085c006/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sajjanar got 44,348 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=IndiaVotes AC: Karnataka 2013 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2013/karnataka/229/43 |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=IndiaVotes Serial No.85}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> He was Appointed as chairman for Forest Development Corporation on 26 January 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karnataka: 34 MLAs made chiefs of boards, Shanti Nagar MLA gets BDA&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=27 January 2024 |title=Karnataka: 34 MLAs made chiefs of boards, Shanti Nagar MLA gets BDA |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2024/Jan/27/karnataka-34-mlas-made-chiefs-of-boards-shanti-nagar-mla-gets-bda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120155042/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2024/Jan/27/karnataka-34-mlas-made-chiefs-of-boards-shanti-nagar-mla-gets-bda |archive-date=20 January 2025 |access-date=20 January 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Basavaraj, Shivannanavar}}<br /> [[Category:1956 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2013–2018]]<br /> [[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]<br /> [[Category:People from Haveri district]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=August_16_1947&diff=488320 2026-05-01T12:20:17Z

<p>JulianaThurston: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2023 Tamil film}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = August 16 1947 poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = N. S. Ponkumar<br /> | writer = N. S. Ponkumar<br /> | producer = {{Ubl|[[AR Murugadoss]]|Om Prakash Bhatt|Narsiram Choudhary}}<br /> | starring = {{Ubl|[[Gautham Ram Karthik]]|Revathy Sharma}}<br /> | cinematography = [[Selvakumar S. K.]]<br /> | editing = [[R. Sudharsan]]<br /> | music = [[Sean Roldan]]<br /> | studio = A. R. Murugadoss Productions&lt;br /&gt; Purple Bull Entertainment&lt;br /&gt;God Bless Entertainment<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|04|07}}<br /> | runtime = 144 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''August 16, 1947''''' (also marketed as '''''1947''''') is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[historical drama|historical drama film]] written and directed by N.S. Ponkumar. It is produced by [[AR Murugadoss]], Om Prakash Bhatt, Narsiram Choudhary under A. R. Murugadoss Productions, Purple Bull Entertainment, and God Bless Entertainment. The film stars [[Gautham Ram Karthik]] and Revathy Sharma with [[Pugazh (actor)|Pugazh]], [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]], [[Jason Shah]], and Richard Ashton in supporting roles. It was released on 7 April 2023.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The film is set during 1947 and revolves around the lives of people in a village named Sengadu, near [[Puliyankudi]]. The village is under the control of a cruel British officer Robert (Richard Ashton) who along with his son Justin (Jason Shah) troubles the local people. Sengadu is known for its high-quality cotton cultivation and the poor local people are made to work hard by Robert under worst conditions. Justin is a womaniser and takes away several girls often from the village. In fact, many villagers conduct honour killing to safeguard their women when Justin sets an eye on them. Paraman (Gautham Karthik) belongs to Sengadu, but is closely associated with the local Zamindar (Madhusudhan Rao). The Zamindar is hated by the villagers as he is of no help and he just obeys the orders of Robert in order to hold his wealth and power. Paraman has a hatred towards the villagers because he believes that the villagers are responsible for his mother’s death as no one came forward to help her save from the Britishers several years ago which led to her suicide.<br /> <br /> Zamindar has a daughter Thenmalli (Revathy Sharma) who happens to be a good friend of Paraman. However, Thenmalli is always confined inside Zamindar’s palace and no one in the village knows about the existence of Thenmalli except Paraman. This is in order to prevent Thenmalli from being abducted by Justin or other British officers. Paraman has a love towards Thenmalli but does not inform her. Zamindar plans to get Thenmalli married to another nearby Zamindar’s son. Knowing this, Paraman decides to hide his feelings within himself. In the meantime, India is granted independence by the British and Robert has been called for a meeting at a nearby place by his senior officers. However, Robert makes sure that the villagers are not aware of the news on independence as he wants to leave the village with the power and respect.<br /> <br /> Justin finds Thenmalli in Zamindar’s house and wants to sleep with her. As Zamindar has no other option, he decides to kill Thenmalli to protect their family honour. However, Paraman arrives and saves Thenmalli. He also kills Justin and hides his dead body in the forest. Paraman takes Thenmalli to his village and everyone gets shocked knowing that Zamindar had a daughter hidden all these years. As the villagers are not aware about the independence, they fear that Robert would kill them all upon his return. Thenmalli understands that Paraman is in love with her since childhood and reciprocates the feelings. Paraman’s perception about the villagers change as he understands that the villagers have a deep regret for not saving Paraman’s mother previously and they worship her as a deity.<br /> <br /> Robert gets the news about Justin and returns to Sengadu furiously with plans of killing everyone. Robert kills Zamindar and a few other villagers. However, Paraman fights Robert with the help of villagers and Robert is killed. Meanwhile, they also get the news about independence, and everyone feels happy.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Gautham Ram Karthik]] as Paraman<br /> * Revathy Sharma as Thenmalli<br /> *[[Pugazh (actor)|Pugazh]] as Thavudu<br /> *[[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]] as Sengadu Zamindar<br /> *[[Bose Venkat]] as Indian officer<br /> *[[Neelima Rani]] as Paraman's mother <br /> *[[Jason Shah]] as Justin<br /> *[[Madhan Bob]]<br /> *[[TSR Srinivasan]] as Thangavelu<br /> ;Uncredited<br /> *[[Richard Ashton]] as Robert Clive<br /> *[[Junior MGR]] as Sengadu Zamindar's son<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by [[Sean Roldan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=13 March 2023 |title=Second single from August 16 1947 out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/mar/13/second-single-from-august-16-1947-out-41005.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407073336/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/mar/13/second-single-from-august-16-1947-out-41005.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |access-date=7 April 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | total_length = 12:45<br /> | title1 = Seenikaari<br /> | extra1 = [[Sean Roldan]] and Sathyaprakash Dharmar<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Mohan Rajan]]<br /> | length1 = 4:04<br /> | title2 = Kottikara Payalae<br /> | extra2 = Sean Roldan and Meenakshi Ilayaraja<br /> | lyrics2 = NS Ponkumar<br /> | length2 = 4:10<br /> | title3 = Kottunga Da<br /> | extra3 = Ananthu and Manoj Krishna<br /> | lyrics3 = Mohan Raja<br /> | length3 = 4:31<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> The film was released worldwide in theatres on 7 April 2023 in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Hindi, Malayalam and English languages.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 March 2023 |title=August 16, 1947 new poster teases an untold story about India's independence, announces release date |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/august-16-1947-release-date-is-here-gautham-karthiks-period-film-is-about-an-untold-story-of-indias-independence-8477150/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412045731/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/august-16-1947-release-date-is-here-gautham-karthiks-period-film-is-about-an-untold-story-of-indias-independence-8477150/ |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It began streaming on [[Amazon Prime Video]] from 5 May 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=5 May 2023 |title=August 16 1947 gets an OTT release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/may/05/august-16-1947-gets-an-ott-release-date-43058.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505095806/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/may/05/august-16-1947-gets-an-ott-release-date-43058.html |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=5 May 2023 |title=Tamil period drama 'August 16, 1947,&quot; starring Gautham Karthik, will stream on OTT from today onwards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/tamil-period-drama-august-16-1947-starring-gautham-karthik-will-stream-on-ott-from-today-onwards/articleshow/100010979.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121114847/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/tamil-period-drama-august-16-1947-starring-gautham-karthik-will-stream-on-ott-from-today-onwards/articleshow/100010979.cms |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=14|count=7|average=4|ref=yes}}<br /> <br /> Bhuvanesh Chandar for ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote &quot;It’s a no-brainer that August 16, 1947 would have looked like next-big-hit on paper. But the abysmal execution and editing fail the material and leave nothing memorable&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |date=7 April 2023 |title='August 16, 1947' movie review: Insipid screenplay kills an intriguing freedom struggle story |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/august-16-1947-movie-review-insipid-screenplay-kills-an-intriguing-freedom-struggle-story/article66709595.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409071518/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/august-16-1947-movie-review-insipid-screenplay-kills-an-intriguing-freedom-struggle-story/article66709595.ece |archive-date=9 April 2023 |access-date=9 April 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Saibal Chatterjee]] for ''[[NDTV]]'' rated 1 star out of 5 stars and wrote &quot;It seems to have been written in haste and staged without much thought. The storyline is a maze, the characters are riddled with contradictions and the general tone of the drama is beyond shrill.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |author-link=Saibal Chatterjee |date=7 April 2023 |title=August 16, 1947 Review: Does Any Of It Make Sense? Nope |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/august-16-1947-review-does-any-of-it-make-sense-nope-1-star-3929041 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409002621/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/august-16-1947-review-does-any-of-it-make-sense-nope-1-star-3929041 |archive-date=9 April 2023 |access-date=9 April 2023 |work=[[NDTV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kirubhakar Purushothaman for ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote &quot;In essence, August 16, 1947 and Vetrimaaran's Viduthalai are pretty much about the same subject, freedom. Even their plots have obvious similarities. Both films are about villages suffering from authoritative forces.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Purushothaman |first=Kirubhakar |date=7 April 2023 |title=August 16 1947 review: Tedious screenwriting spoils a promising premise |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/august-16-1947-review-tedious-screenwriting-spoils-a-promising-premise-8544042/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409040055/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/august-16-1947-review-tedious-screenwriting-spoils-a-promising-premise-8544042/ |archive-date=9 April 2023 |access-date=9 April 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhaval Roy for ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3 stars out of 5 and wrote &quot;The scenes of atrocities on the people are created realistically and are disturbing in many instances. T Santhanam's art direction and the tribals' look (one person wears massive padlocks on his elongated earlobes) deserve mention.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Dhaval |date=6 April 2023 |title=August 16 1947 Movie Review : High production value makes this worth a watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/august-16-1947/movie-review/99295747.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407035744/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/august-16-1947/movie-review/99295747.cms |archive-date=7 April 2023 |access-date=7 April 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Vinamra Mathur for ''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote &quot;Murugadoss' films, even the ones wholly underwhelming, have had some moments of pathos and genuine thrill, even Darbar and Spyder. August 16, 1947, I'm afraid, is devoid of tension and thrill.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mathur |first=Vinamra |date=7 April 2023 |title=Gautham Karthik, Pugazh, Revathy Sharma's August 1947 movie review |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/august-16-1947-movie-review-n-s-ponkumars-intriguing-idea-gets-beheaded-by-inane-execution-12419792.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407024730/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/august-16-1947-movie-review-n-s-ponkumars-intriguing-idea-gets-beheaded-by-inane-execution-12419792.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |access-date=7 April 2023 |work=[[Firstpost]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' wrote &quot;Gautham Karthik as Paraman delivered an earnest performance in the film. Pugazh is his sidekick and gets to play a serious role. In the second half, his performance stood out.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=K |first=Janani |date=7 April 2023 |title=August 16 1947 Movie Review: Gautham Karthik's film is a flavourless period drama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/august-16-1947-movie-review-gautham-karthik-film-is-a-flavourless-period-drama-2356881-2023-04-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407071352/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/august-16-1947-movie-review-gautham-karthik-film-is-a-flavourless-period-drama-2356881-2023-04-07 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |access-date=7 April 2023 |work=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Nandini Ramnath for ''[[Scroll.in]]'' wrote &quot;Director Ponkumar has simply been too swept away by his RRR knockoff to bring his saga of suffering to a close. Emancipation from the unremitting histrionics never quite comes.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=7 April 2023 |title='August 16 1947' review: A brain-numbing emancipation saga |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1046936/august-16-1947-review-a-brain-numbing-emancipation-saga |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407061545/https://scroll.in/reel/1046936/august-16-1947-review-a-brain-numbing-emancipation-saga |archive-date=7 April 2023 |access-date=7 April 2023 |work=[[Scroll.in]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mudit Bhatnagar for ''[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom TV]]'' praised Gautham Karthik's performance and wrote &quot;Gautham Karthik as Param is extremely believable. He hasn't gone overboard in the emotional scenes, thus making a movie packed with disturbing elements a little less heavy.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bhatnagar |first=Mudit |date=6 April 2023 |title=August 16 1947 Movie Review: Gautham Karthik, Revathy Sharma's Love Story Fuels Uprising Against British Dictator |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/reviews/august-16-1947-movie-review-gautham-karthik-revathy-sharma-love-story-fuels-uprising-against-british-dictator-review-99304935 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409032716/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/reviews/august-16-1947-movie-review-gautham-karthik-revathy-sharma-love-story-fuels-uprising-against-british-dictator-review-99304935 |archive-date=9 April 2023 |access-date=9 April 2023 |work=[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom TV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from ''[[Dinamalar]]'' gave 2.75 out of 5 stars and gave a mixed review.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ஆகஸ்ட் 16 – 1947 - விமர்சனம் |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3187/August-16---1947/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519090920/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3187/August-16---1947/ |archive-date=19 May 2023 |access-date=7 April 2023 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br /> * {{Bollywood Hungama movie}}<br /> {{AR Murugadoss}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2020s historical drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Sean Roldan]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in 1947]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in the partition of India]]<br /> [[Category:Indian historical drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language historical drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grace_Banu&diff=501157 2026-04-26T23:54:25Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Added!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Dalit software engineer and transgender activist}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Grace Banu<br /> | image = Grace Banu 1.jpg<br /> | caption =<br /> | birth_place =Tuticorin district, Tamil Nadu<br /> | children =Tharika Banu <br /> | alma_mater =[[Sri Krishna College of Engineering &amp; Technology|Sri Krishna College]] <br /> | known_for =Transgender activism<br /> }}<br /> '''Grace Banu''' is an Indian software engineer who is a [[Dalit]] and [[Transgender rights movement|transgender]] activist. She was the first transgender person to be admitted to an engineering college in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. She lives in the [[Thoothukudi|Thoothukudi district]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/transgenders-eager-to-don-the-police-uniform/article17877582.ece|title=Transgenders eager to don the police uniform|last=Kumar|first=S. Vijay|date=2017-04-08|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-02-17|last2=R|first2=Aditi|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tamil Nadu]].<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Banu was born and raised in [[Tuticorin district]], Tamil Nadu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/418385/anna-university-admits-transgender-engg.html|title=Anna University admits transgender in engg course|date=18 November 2015|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=20 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Dalit, she says that from early in her schooldays she was not allowed to attend the regular hours of 9.30 am to 4 pm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2016/07/19/video-interview-grace-banu|title=&quot;Casteism Very Much Exists Among Trans* People&quot;: Video Interview With Grace Banu|author=Dalit Camera|date=19 July 2016|website=Feminism in India|access-date=15 April 2017|author-link=Dalit Camera}}&lt;/ref&gt; Banu said she was in the [[eighth grade|eighth standard]] when she began to experience [[gender dysphoria]].&lt;ref name =&quot;WARRIOR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/vogue-warriors-grace-banu-tamil-nadu-transwoman-fighting-for-safety-of-indian-trans-folx-covid-19 |title=Vogue Warriors: Meet Grace Banu, the transwoman fighting to ensure the safety of India's trans folx through this pandemic |last=BHANDARA |first=NEVILLE |date=21 April 2020 |website=Vouge|access-date=22 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Other students were told that they would be punished if they interacted with her. This kind of [[untouchability]], based on both her [[Caste system in India|caste]] and [[gender identity]], caused her to attempt suicide and give up on the idea of finishing school.&lt;ref name=&quot;shame&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Krishnan|first1=Madhuvanti S.|title=Shamed on campus|url=http://www.thehindu.com/education/shamed-on-campus/article17447560.ece|work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Banu's family rejected her in 2008 when she told them of her gender identity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/this-transgender-engineering-student-from-tamil-nadu-is-struggling-to-pursue-her-dreams-247441.html|title=Tamil Nadu's First Transgender Engineering Student Is Struggling To Find Money To Complete Her Graduation|first=Bobins|last=Abraham|date=19 November 2015|newspaper=The Times of Indiat|access-date=24 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Banu was the first transgender person to be admitted to an engineering college in the state of Tamil Nadu, which she obtained through counselling at [[Anna University]].&lt;ref name = &quot;seat&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Scott |first=DJ Walter |date=20 June 2014 |title=First transgender in Tamil Nadu gets engineering seat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/first-transgender-in-tamil-nadu-gets-engineering-seat/article6160930.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=5 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> She was accepted to [[Sri Krishna College of Engineering &amp; Technology|Sri Krishna College]] in 2013 through lateral entry. It was here she studied Electrical and Electronics Engineering. In addition to being admitted, Banu's fees were waived. Despite this, she struggled to pay for other associated fees and expenses.&lt;ref name =&quot;Struggling&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Abraham |first=Bobins |date=19 November 2015 |url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/this-transgender-engineering-student-from-tamil-nadu-is-struggling-to-pursue-her-dreams-247441.html|title=Tamil Nadu's First Transgender Engineering Student Is Struggling For Money To Complete Studies|work=indiatimes.com|access-date=23 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Responding to a call for help, a local businessman launched an online campaign raising funds for her to complete the course.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/first-transgender-person-get-engineering-seat-tn-now-has-no-money-graduate-help-her-36076|title=First transgender person to get engineering seat in TN now has no money to graduate, help her|date=18 November 2015|work=The News Minute|access-date=20 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Professional life ==<br /> After completing her Diploma with honours (95%), Banu was selected to work for a software firm as a programmer. She worked as a programmer until she quit due to alleged discrimination.&lt;ref name=dna&gt;{{cite news|title=Here's how you can help Tamil Nadu's first transgender engineering student |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-here-s-how-you-can-help-tamil-nadu-s-first-transgender-engineering-student-2147479|work=DNA India|date=21 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Banu said that after she revealed her gender identity to management, she was initially told she could not continue her employment but management changed its decision and she was allowed to work under conditions.&lt;ref name=&quot;AWARD&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last= Koushik |first=Janardhan |date=16 August 2021 |title=Grace Banu bags Tamil Nadu government's first ever 'Best Third Gender' award for contributions to society|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/grace-banu-bags-tamil-nadu-governments-first-ever-best-third-gender-award-for-contributions-to-society-7456832/ |work=The Indian Express |location=India |access-date=22 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Banu worked in her IT position for less than two years.&lt;ref name =&quot;EXAM&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2013/12/12/indian-transgender-passes-test-before-exam |title=Indian transgender passes test before exam |last=Prem Shanker |first=V |date=12 December 2013 |website=Aljazeera |access-date=22 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; She filed a [[Right to Information Act, 2005|right to Information]] (RTI) to find out if [[Anna University]] accepted transgender students. On finding out that they did not, she applied against their rules anyway and was given admission to a private affiliated college, Sri Krishna College of Engineering.&lt;ref name =&quot;seat&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Activism and advocacy==<br /> Banu is the founder and director of [[Trans Rights Now Collective]] which centers on the [[Dalit]] caste, [[Bahujan Samaj Party|Bahujan political party]], and [[Adivasi]] population.&lt;ref name =&quot;WARRIOR&quot;/&gt; She has started several online campaigns,&lt;ref name =&quot;WARRIOR&quot;/&gt; and voiced concerns and questions on the death of a fellow trans woman, who burned to death in [[Chennai, India|Chennai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Foul-play-alleged-in-transgender%E2%80%99s-death/article16441148.ece|accessdate=18 April 2017|title=Foul play alleged in Transgender Death|work=The Hindu|date=10 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Moral policing in Kerala to clashes in Kashmir: How FB Live is changing the way we tell stories|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/moral-policing-kerala-clashes-kashmir-how-fb-live-changing-way-we-tell-stories-57689|work=The News Minute|date=23 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Banu organized protests and began a legal process to give transgender people the opportunity to participate in [[Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission]] (TNPSC) recruitment exams. In 2013, a court order opened the TNPSC exams to transgender people.&lt;ref name=&quot;AWARD&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name =&quot; TNPSC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/recognised-as-woman-transgender-takes-tnpsc-exam/article5413775.ece |title=Recognised as woman, transgender takes TNPSC exam |last=Vandhana |first=M |date=2 December 2013 |website=The Hindu |access-date=9 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Banu has been critical of the [[Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019|2019 Transgender Persons' (Protection of Rights) Bill.]]&lt;ref name =&quot;BILL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://qz.com/india/1756897/indias-transgender-rights-bill-disappoints-the-lgbtq-community |title=What next for transgender people, as India clears a bill that activists call &quot;murder of gender justice&quot;? |last=Lalwani |first=Vijayta |date=27 November 2019 |website=qz |access-date=22 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Banu was the first recipient of the 'Best Third Gender' award. This was awarded by the Tamil Nadu government and organized by the Social Welfare and Women Empowerment Department. The award is intended to recognize transgender people for their contributions to society. Banu requested it to be called the &quot;Best transgender&quot; award.&lt;ref name=&quot;AWARD&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Banu worked on helping the transgender population during the pandemic. She identified problems with transgender people's ability to receive a [[Ration card (India)|ration card]].&lt;ref name =&quot;RELIEF&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last= Koushik |first=Janardhan |date=21 May 2021 |title=Considering Covid-19 relief to trans persons: Tamil Nadu govt in Madras HC |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/considering-relief-trans-persons-tamil-nadu-govt-madras-hc-7324458/ |work=The Indian Express |location=India |access-date=22 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Banu started two online fundraising campaigns during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide food assistance to trans people, including one intended for performers and folk artistes. <br /> In 2021 Grace Banu's group, the Trans Rights Now Collective, advocated for horizontal reservation for transgender persons based on their caste rather than putting all the transgender people in the &quot;OBC&quot; or &quot;Other Backward Classes&quot; category.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Don't Have Just One Identity': Transgender People Urge Govt to Rethink Quota Under OBC Category |url=https://thewire.in/rights/dont-have-just-one-identity-transgender-people-urge-govt-to-rethink-quota-under-obc-category |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=The Wire}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Banu self-published her first book, ''Talks Of Grace Banu'', in 2019. She and her group, the Trans Rights Now Collective, started The Queer Publishing House.&lt;ref name =&quot;PUBLISHING&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=ANNADASAN |first=AKILA |date=12 January 2023 |title=Queer Publishing House, exclusively for books on and by the LGBTQ, is now at the Chennai Book Fair 2023 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/queer-publishing-house-exclusively-for-books-on-and-by-the-lgbtq-is-now-at-the-chennai-book-fair-2023/article66359951.ece |work=The Hindu |location=India |access-date=23 January 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Banu believes that ultimately [[Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu|reservation]], dedicated places for members of different groups, is key to the uplift of transgender people. &quot;No amount of temporary governmental and non-governmental schemes can have the transgenerational impact that reservations can have. Reservations are the only way,&quot; she says.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation|last=Dalit Camera|title=Grace Banu - India's first transgender engineering student, &amp; activist|date=2016-07-02|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WAVhQQKfTo|accessdate=2017-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; she has been advocating for Dalit and transgender rights, demanding along with other transgender people for reservation based on gender identity as well as caste.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Murali|first1=A. Revathi As told to Nandini|title=Life in Trans Activism, A|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoTCDQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT117|publisher=Zubaan|language=en|date=21 November 2016|isbn=9789385932137}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Activists demand revised draft of transgender bill|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-activists-demand-revised-draft-of-transgender-bill-2270573|work=DNA India|date=6 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Shreya Ila Anasuya|title=Merely celebrating the exceptional achievements of trans-people conceals their struggle|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/merely-celebrating-exceptional-achievements-trans-075125041.html|website=Yahoo News|publisher=Scroll.in|access-date=16 April 2017|archive-date=17 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417154814/https://www.yahoo.com/news/merely-celebrating-exceptional-achievements-trans-075125041.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Banu insists that the [[intersectionality]] of these oppressions matter. She believes that Dalits can be transphobic and that the transgender community replicates structures of caste privilege. She says that upper-caste transgender people bring [[Brahminism]] into transgender cultural, community and organizing spaces. Despite being pressed, upper-caste transgender women dominate all the positions of leadership, call the shots and define the needs for the whole community.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Denying caste in the transgender community is like &quot;hiding a whole pumpkin in a plate of rice,&quot; she says.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2022, Banu became the first trans person from India to be shortlisted for a global summit in Australia on behalf of the Australia India Youth Dialogue (AIYD).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dass |first=S. Godson Wisely |date=2022-04-17 |title=Her blue, pink, white fight for trans rights - meet Grace Banu from TN |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/good-news/2022/Apr/17/her-blue-pink-white-fight-for-trans-rights-meet-grace-banu-from-tn-2442931.html |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Adopted daughter==<br /> Grace Banu is the adoptive mother of Tharika Banu, the first registered transgender person to complete her secondary education in Tamil Nadu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-hsc-results-2017-1st-registered-transgender-to-clear-exam-hopes-to-become-doctor/articleshow/58653624.cms|title=Tamil Nadu HSC results 2017: 1st registered transgender to clear exam hopes to become doctor - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-02-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Tharika studied until Class 11 in a government school there. Her parents refused to accept her upon learning that she was a transgender woman. In 2013, Tharika, ran away from her home in the [[Thoothukudi|Thoothukudi district]], where she did not feel accepted or comfortable. She arrived in [[Chennai]], where she was legally adopted by transgender activist Grace Banu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/education/tnresults-nic-in-results-2017-tamil-nadu-12th-results-first-intermediate-pass-transgender/|title=Tamil Nadu: Tharika Banu, a transgender, pass 12th exams, wants to become a doctor|date=2017-05-12|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-02-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tharika credited Banu with helping Tharika finish her education, get an official identification, name change and a sex reassignment surgery.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-hsc-results-2017-1st-registered-transgender-to-clear-exam-hopes-to-become-doctor/articleshow/58653624.cms|title=Tamil Nadu HSC results 2017: 1st registered transgender to clear exam hopes to become doctor - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-02-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After Tharika was denied a seat in a [[Siddha medicine|Siddha college]], Banu filed a court case in the [[Madras High Court]].&lt;ref name =&quot;denied&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Deeksha |first=Johanna |date=17 October 2017 |title=First transgender to finish +2 in TN, Tarika Banu moves HC after being denied med seat to study Siddha |url=https://www.edexlive.com/news/2017/oct/17/after-being-denied-a-medical-seat-transgender-student-files-case-in-court-1375.html |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=23 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Banu wrote a letter of assurance that took responsibility if anyone at the school had objections to studying with Tharika. The high court ruled that Tharika would be given admission to the Government Siddha College and the Bachelor of Siddha Medicine and Surgery (BSMS) course.&lt;ref name =&quot;Battle&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Tripathi |first=Shweta |date=6 December 2017 |title=Chennai: Transgender wins battle for higher education |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061217/chennai-transgender-wins-battle-for-higher-education.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206002418/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061217/chennai-transgender-wins-battle-for-higher-education.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 December 2017 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=23 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[LGBT rights in India]]<br /> * [[Laxmi Narayan Tripathi]], transgender activist in India<br /> * [[List of Dalits]]<br /> * [[Living Smile Vidya]], transgender activist in India<br /> * [[Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014]], India<br /> * [[Transgender rights in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170521094748/http://www.indianwomenblog.org/meet-the-first-registered-transgender-to-clear-12th-board-exams-in-tn/ Meet The First Registered Transgender To Clear 12th Board Exams In TN]<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Banu, Grace}}<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Dalit activists]]<br /> [[Category:Dalit women]]<br /> [[Category:Indian software engineers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian transgender women]]<br /> [[Category:Indian LGBTQ rights activists]]<br /> [[Category:People from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian LGBTQ people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian transgender rights activists]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=B._Ibrahim&diff=488634 2026-04-24T12:29:41Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Creating a details basic info!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | spouse = Mymoona Ibrahim<br /> | children = 2 daughters &amp; 2 sons<br /> | parents = Haji B. Zakria<br /> | education = B.A., B.L.<br /> | party = [[File:Hand INC.svg|25px]][[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | office = Member of [[Rajya Sabha]]<br /> | term_start = 25 March 1980<br /> | term_end = 9 April 1984<br /> | birth_date = 2 January 1946<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''B. Ibrahim''' (born 2 January 1946) is an Indian politician and former member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (the upper house of the [[Parliament of India]]) from 1980 to 1984.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Rajya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=60NPAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=ibrahim+shri+b.+rajya+sabha |title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report |date=1981 |publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Rajya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xR5VAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=ibrahim+shri+b.+rajya+sabha&amp;pg=RA1-PA158 |title=Parliamentary Debates: Index |date=1998 |publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Rajya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nF1PAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=ibrahim+shri+b.+rajya+sabha |title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report |date=1983 |publisher=Council of States Secretariat |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and background ==<br /> Ibrahim was born on 2 January 1946. He completed his education in B.A., B.L.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Rajya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VtpFJucR0foC&amp;q=b.+ibrahim+rajya+sabha |title=Rajya Sabha Members: Biographical Sketches, 1952-2003 |date=2003 |publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Ibrahim married to Mymoona Ibrahim and the couple has 2 daughters and 2 sons &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Position held ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !#<br /> !From<br /> !To<br /> !Position<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |1980<br /> |1984<br /> |Member of [[Rajya Sabha]] (the upper house of the [[Parliament of India]]) <br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ibrahim, B.}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1946 births]]<br /> [[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2025_Christmas_violence_in_India&diff=483370 2026-04-22T17:30:34Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Creating a data with sources!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Violence against Christians in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox civilian attack<br /> | title = 2025 Christmas violence in India<br /> | partof = the [[violence against Christians in India]]<br /> | image = 2025-Christmas-Violence-in-India.jpg<br /> | image_size = <br /> | image_upright = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = An attack at the Magneto Mall in Raipur by members of Bajrang Dal.<br /> | map = <br /> | map_size = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | mapframe = &lt;!-- see below for more parameters --&gt;<br /> | location = Across India<br /> | target = [[Christianity in India|Indian Christians]]<br /> | coordinates = <br /> | date = {{start date|2025|12|20}}-&lt;br /&gt;{{end date|2025|12|25}}<br /> | time = <br /> | timezone = <br /> | type = [[Vandalism]] • [[Arson]] • [[Mob violence]]<br /> | fatalities = &lt;!-- Number of people dead. --&gt;<br /> | injuries = &lt;!-- Number of people injured --&gt;<br /> | victims = &lt;!-- or | victim = --&gt; &lt;!-- Number of victims in total. --&gt;<br /> | perpetrators = &lt;!-- or | perpetrator = --&gt; &lt;!-- alias: | perps = or | perp = --&gt; &lt;!-- GROUP or NUMBER of perpetrators, not names of people. See [[WP:SUSPECT]]. --&gt;<br /> | assailants = &lt;!-- or | assailant = --&gt; &lt;!-- Read and apply [[WP:BLPCRIME]] before naming people. --&gt;<br /> | weapons = &lt;!-- Use sparingly. --&gt;<br /> | numparts = &lt;!-- or | numpart = --&gt;<br /> | dfens = &lt;!-- or | dfen = --&gt;<br /> | motive = {{ubl|[[Anti-Christian sentiment]]|[[Hindu extremism]]}}<br /> | inquiry = <br /> | coroner = <br /> | accused = &lt;!-- NUMBER of perpetrators charged. Should only use if someone has been charged with a crime. A [[WP:SUSPECT]] should NOT being named. ([[WP:BLPCRIME]]) --&gt;<br /> | convicted = &lt;!-- Read [[WP:BLPCRIME]] before using. --&gt;<br /> | verdict = <br /> | convictions = <br /> | charges = <br /> | litigation = <br /> | judge = <br /> | website = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;<br /> | module = <br /> | notes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> In December 2025, several incidents of violence, vandalism, arson, and disruption of [[Christmas]] celebration were reported across multiple states in India. These incidents occurred primarily in Christian institutions, prayer gatherings, and public decorations, often under the pretext of preventing alleged &quot;[[religious conversion]]s&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-26 |title=Christmas marred by vandalism, threats across MP, Chhattisgarh, Assam and Delhi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vandalism-assam-school-latest-christmas-disruptions-week-10438926/ |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=40 Charged For Vandalising Christmas Decorations At Raipur Mall |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/chhattisgarh-magneto-mall-40-charged-for-vandalising-christmas-decorations-at-raipur-mall-9961410 |website=[[NDTV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; or preserving &quot;cultural awareness.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Christmas celebrations in India marred by rising attacks and tensions |url=https://bayofbengalpost.com/news/Christmas_celebrations_in_India |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=Bay of Bengal Post |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Anand |date=2025-12-26 |title=Christmas in India: Faith, Fear, and Mob Violence |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/newsletter/poll-vault-anand-mishra/india-christmas-attacks-hindu-rashtra/article70439045.ece |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=[[Frontline (magazine)]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. These incidents were primarily caused by members of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] and other Hindutva right-wing organizations. Notably [[Bajrang Dal]], a militant wing of the [[Vishva Hindu Parishad|Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-29 |title=Hindu Nationalists Attack Christmas Celebrations Across India - International Christian Concern |url=https://persecution.org/2025/12/29/hindu-nationalists-attack-christmas-celebrations-across-india/ |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=persecution.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> {{See also|Violence against Christians in India}}<br /> The violence in 2025 occurred during a decade-long backdrop of rising attacks against Christians in India. According to the United Christian Forum, 834 incidents was recorded in 2024, a big jump from just 139 in 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=834 Attacks on Christians in India in 2024, 100 More Than 2023: Rights Group |url=https://thewire.in/communalism/834-attacks-on-christians-in-india-in-2024-100-more-than-2023-rights-group |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=The Wire |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; By November 2025, there were 706 documented incidents, with [[Uttar Pradesh]] (184) and [[Chhattisgarh]] (157) leading the list.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Of the 579 incidents reported between January and September 2025, only 39 resulted in police cases; with a 93 percent gap in the documentation of these complaint.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Timeline ==<br /> === Lead-up to Christmas ===<br /> <br /> * '''Chhattisgarh:''' Several days before Christmas, a major violent episode broke out in the [[Kanker district]] of [[Chhattisgarh]]. Between December 15 and 18,&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chhattisgarh: Mob Torches Christian Home, Churches Over Burial Dispute; Survivor Alleges Hindutva Role |url=https://thewire.in/communalism/chhattisgarh-mob-torches-christian-home-churches-over-burial-dispute-survivor-alleges-hindutva-role |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=The Wire |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sikdar |first=Shubhomoy |date=2025-12-18 |title=Mob vandalises prayer hall over burial dispute in Bastar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chhattisgarh/mob-vandalises-prayer-hall-over-burial-dispute-in-bastar/article70412766.ece |access-date=2025-12-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; a dispute over a Christian burial in the villages of Bade Tevda and Amabeda escalated into a riot. According to reports, a mob exhumed the body of a convert and attacked the local community. During the rampage, multiple churches were set on fire and several Christian homes were destroyed. When police attempted to intervene, the clashes intensified, leaving a prayer hall vandalized and around 20 police members injured.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;<br /> * '''''Bandh'' (Shutdown):''' Following the unrest in the Kanker district of Chhattisgarh, an umbrella body of tribal and social organizations known as the &quot;''Sarva Samaj''&quot; called for a state-wide ''bandh'' (shutdown).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sangh Scares Off Santa: A Christmas of Fear |url=https://thewire.in/communalism/sangh-scares-off-santa-a-christmas-of-fear |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=The Wire |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The organization demanded strict action against &quot;illegal conversions&quot; and protested what they termed &quot;administrative bias&quot; in handling the Kanker clashes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2025-12-24 |title=Statewide bandh disrupts normal life in Chhattisgarh over religious conversion-linked violence |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/statewide-bandh-disrupts-normal-life-in-chhattisgarh-over-religious-conversion-linked-violence-1503530110.html |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The United Christian Forum wrote to the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Home Minister]] urging the cancellation of the ''bandh'', warning that a shutdown specifically targeting the Christian community on [[Christmas Eve]] would lead to unrest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-12-24 |title=United Christian Forum urges Centre to cancel Chhattisgarh bandh against Christian community |url=https://madhyamamonline.com/india/united-christian-forum-urges-centre-to-cancel-chhattisgarh-bandh-against-christian-community-1479956 |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=madhyamamonline.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * '''Madhya Pradesh:''' A prayer meeting and feast organized on the occasion of Christmas in the Gorakhpur area of Jabalpur was disrupted by a Hindu group alleging forced religious conversions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; The event was attended by a large number of differently abled children (from the city's school for the hearing- and visually-impaired).&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Members of the VHP, Bajrang Dal, and BJP workers arrived at the venue after claiming they received a &quot;tip-off&quot; that religious conversions were being conducted under the guise of the celebration. The situation escalated into a clash between the activists and those attending the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; During the altercation, BJP District Vice President Anju Bhargava was filmed harassing a differently-abled woman named Safalta Kartik. Kartik later stated that she and her daughter were abused and interrogated about their religion, despite her assertions that she attends the feast annually and that no inducements for conversion were ever offered.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; This incident was followed by a similar incident in the Shakti Nagar area on December 22.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Targeted Attacks Disrupt Christmas Prayer Meetings in Madhya Pradesh; Catholic Groups Condemn |url=https://thewire.in/communalism/targeted-attacks-disrupt-christmas-prayer-meetings-in-madhya-pradesh-catholic-groups-condemn |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=The Wire |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * '''Kerala:''' On the night of December 21, a group of minors singing Christmas carols in Palakkad was attacked by local men. Police later arrested an activist linked to the RSS for destroying the group's musical instruments.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-12-24 |title=Protests erupt after RSS-BJP man's alleged attack on children's Christmas carol group in Kerala's Palakkad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/protests-erupt-after-rss-bjp-mans-alleged-attack-on-childrens-christmas-carol-group-in-keralas-palakkad/article70432557.ece |access-date=2025-12-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later, the education minister of Kerala V Sivankutty commented that 'schools in Kerala buckled under pressure from right-wing groups to cancel Christmas celebrations.'&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Govt Looking Into Schools Cancelling Christmas Celebrations Due to RSS Pressure': Kerala Edu Minister |url=https://thewire.in/communalism/govt-looking-into-schools-cancelling-christmas-celebrations-due-to-rss-pressure-kerala-edu-minister |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=The Wire |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * '''Odisha:''' In [[Puri]], street vendors selling [[Santa Claus]] costumes were targeted and harassed by right-wing activists. The group justified their actions by claiming the land belonged to the Jagannath temple and asserting that items related to Christian festivals should not be sold in a &quot;Hindu nation.&quot; The vendors were subsequently forced to 'pack up their stalls' and were asked to 'leave the city.'&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mohanty |first=Subhashish |title='Christians don't have a say here': Vendors harassed in Puri for selling Christmas items |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/christians-dont-have-a-say-here-vendors-harassed-in-puri-for-selling-christmas-items-prnt/cid/2139341 |work=The Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * '''Haridwar:''' A government-run hotel (UP Tourism) was forced to cancel its &quot;Experience Christmas&quot; event scheduled for December 24. The cancellation came after priests from the Ganga Sabha alongside other Hindu groups protested,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-12-22 |title=Haridwar hotel cancel Christmas event after protest by Hindu groups |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttarakhand/haridwar-hotel-cancel-christmas-event-after-protest-by-hindu-groups/article70427146.ece |access-date=2025-12-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; claiming that celebrating Christmas near the holy river was &quot;anti-Hindu&quot; and against local traditions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-12-22 |title=Christmas event axed in Haridwar: Ganga Sabha protests over UP govt hotel's programme; anti-Hindu, says priest |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/haridwar-priests-oppose-x-mas-celebrationsin-govt-hotel-force-organisers-to-cancel-event/articleshow/126107458.cms |access-date=2025-12-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === December 24 (Christmas Eve) ===<br /> * '''Assam:''' A mob affiliated with the Bajrang Dal and VHP stormed St. Mary's English School in [[Nalbari]]. They burned the school's nativity scene and destroyed Christmas decorations,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-12-25 |title=VHP activists vandalises Assam school, burns items from shops to protest Christmas celebration |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/assam/fringe-outfit-vandalises-assam-school-burns-items-from-shops-to-protest-christmas-celebration/article70436039.ece |access-date=2025-12-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; leading to the arrest of four district-level leaders.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-26 |title=VHP, Bajrang Dal office-bearers held for Christmas vandalism: Assam police |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/vhp-bajrang-dal-office-bearers-held-for-christmas-vandalism-assam-police-101766734450246.html |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * '''Bareilly:''' Groups gathered outside a cathedral in Bareilly to protest against the Christmas prayers, alleging that the gathering was a cover for conversions. Amid police presence, the group recited ''[[Hanuman Chalisa]]'' and shouted '[[Jai Sri Ram]].'&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Noor |first=Avanish Kumar |date=2025-12-25 |title=Jingle Hell? Hate Crimes Against Christians See a Spike Around Christmas Again |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/jingle-hell-hate-crimes-against-christians-see-a-spike-around-christmas-again |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Mayank |date=2025-12-24 |title=Uproar as Hindu group allegedly recited Hanuman Chalisa outside Bareilly church before Christmas |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttar-pradesh/uproar-as-hindu-group-allegedly-recited-hanuman-chalisa-outside-bareilly-church-before-christmas/article70435069.ece |access-date=2025-12-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * '''Chhattisgarh: '''On Christmas Eve, a state-wide shutdown (''bandh'') was being observed by the '''''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''Sarva Samaj'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' across Chhattisgarh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; While the shutdown received a mixed response with support from traders' associations in urban centers,&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; it disrupted daily life.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Masked men vandalise Xmas decor in India |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news/559985 |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=The Daily Observer}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Despite the shutdown, a mob of approximately 40-50 men with rods and hockey sticks entered the Magneto Mall in [[Raipur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; According to mall management, the mob began asking the people present there ‘Are you Hindu or Christian? 'What is your caste?'&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-12-25 |title='What is your caste?': Mobs with rods, hockey sticks vandalise Raipur mall, damage Christmas decorations; losses worth lakhs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/what-is-your-caste-right-wing-activists-with-rods-hockey-sticks-vandalise-raipur-mall-damage-christmas-decorations-losses-worth-lakhs/articleshow/126171759.cms |access-date=2025-12-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; They vandalized Christmas trees and other decorations while chanting slogans.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-25 |title=Mob barges into Raipur mall, vandalises Christmas decorations |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mob-barges-into-raipur-mall-vandalises-christmas-decorations-10437753/ |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The incident occurred during the state-wide shutdown called by ''Sarva Samaj'' and several Hindu organisations.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === December 25 ===<br /> <br /> * '''Indore:''' On Christmas Day, a mob vandalized a Christmas celebration in [[Indore]]. Reports stated that a group of men stormed a venue, destroying the Christmas tree and other decorations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-26 |title=“We'll Chant Jai Shri Ram, Just Don't Break This”: Christmas Event Attacked in Indore, Five Detained - The Logical Indian |url=https://thelogicalindian.com/well-chant-jai-shri-ram-just-dont-break-this-christmas-event-attacked-in-indore-five-detained/ |access-date=2025-12-27 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Malpani |first=Mehul |date=2025-12-26 |title=After Jabalpur, Christmas celebration disrupted in Indore; mob vandalises decorations |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/madhya-pradesh/after-jabalpur-christmas-celebration-disrupted-in-indore-mob-vandalises-decorations/article70440464.ece |access-date=2025-12-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reactions ==<br /> {{Expand section|date=December 2025}}<br /> ===Domestic===<br /> [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] MP [[Shashi Tharoor]] has expressed 'deep concern over rising fear and anxiety among Christians in India...'&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-12-26 |title=Not just Christians, assault on all of us: Shashi Tharoor on Christmas vandalism |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/shashi-tharoor-on-christmas-vandalism-not-just-christians-assault-on-all-of-us-2841912-2025-12-26 |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He commented, &quot;To my mind, this solidarity is fundamental, and we're going through a time, and sadly, there are attacks on Christians in different places of the country. Even in [[Kerala]], there was an attack on a carol singing group in [[Palakkad]], which is truly shocking.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===International===<br /> [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bangladesh)|Foreign Ministry of Bangladesh]] expressed deep concern over the &quot;mass violence&quot; against religious minorities in India and urged the Indian government to properly investigate the &quot;atrocities&quot; committed against the minorities during the Christmas.&lt;ref name=&quot;pa&quot; /&gt; The condemnation followed the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|India's Ministry of External Affairs]]' concern over the situation of minorities in Bangladesh issued days prior.&lt;ref name=&quot;pa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-12-28 |title=Bangladesh expresses deep concern over 'mass violence' against minorities in India |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/79pc85ru03 |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=[[Prothom Alo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:December 2025 in India]]<br /> [[Category:Hate crimes in India]]<br /> [[Category:Persecution of Christians by Hindus]]<br /> [[Category:Hinduism-motivated violence in India]]<br /> [[Category:Arson in 2025]]<br /> [[Category:Hindutva]]<br /> [[Category:Violence against Christians in India]]<br /> [[Category:2025 in Christianity]]<br /> [[Category:Attacks during Christmas celebrations]]<br /> [[Category:December 2025 crimes in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:2025 crimes in India]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgaum_I_Assembly_constituency&diff=490366 2026-04-14T03:53:54Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Creating the article and citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Former constituency in Karnataka, India}}<br /> {{other_uses|Belagavi Assembly constituency (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Belgaum I<br /> | state = [[Mysore State]]<br /> | constituency_no = <br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | district = [[Belagavi district|Belagavi]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Belgaum Lok Sabha constituency|Belgaum]]<br /> | established = 1957<br /> | abolished = 1967<br /> | electors = &lt;!-- number of electors at last election. Add a ref --&gt;<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | mla = <br /> | party = <br /> | latest_election_year = <br /> }}<br /> '''Belgaum I Assembly constituency''' was one of the Vidhana Sabha seats in the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|state assembly of Mysore]], in India. It was a part of [[Belgaum Lok Sabha constituency]], which is adjacent to [[Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency]].<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Vithal Seetaram Patil || {{Full party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || {{Full party name with color|Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly Election 1962===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Belgaum I&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Vithal Seetaram Patil |party=Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti |votes = 17,778 |percentage = 57.18% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vithal Kallojirao Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 13,312 |percentage = 42.82% |change={{increase}}2.71 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,466 |percentage = 14.36% |change= {{decrease}}5.43 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 32,911 |percentage = 64.75% |change= {{decrease}}5.24 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 31,090}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,824|ref = |change= {{increase}}18.27 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}2.71 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Belgaum I&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Vithal Seetaram Patil |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 18,016 |percentage = 59.90% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vithal Kallojirao Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 12,063 |percentage = 40.10% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,953 |percentage = 19.79% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 30,079 |percentage = 70.00% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 30,079}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 42,973|ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}<br /> {{coord|15.885031|74.429793|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Belagavi district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]<br /> [[Category:1957 establishments in Mysore State]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1967]]<br /> [[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jalore_Assembly_constituency&diff=505426 2026-04-14T03:27:04Z

<p>JulianaThurston: stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Jalore<br /> | map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-142-Jalore.svg<br /> | state = [[Rajasthan]]<br /> | district = [[Jalore district|Jalore]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Jalore Lok Sabha constituency|Jalore]]<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | reservation = SC<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 142<br /> | mla = [[Jogeshwar Garg]]<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br /> | electors = {{formatnum:287956}}&lt;ref name=election2023&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{update after|2029|1}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Jalore Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].&lt;ref name=delimitation2008&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary &amp; Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ceomap&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is in [[Jalore district|Jalore]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]].<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> Sources:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/rajasthan/jalore.html Election Results of Jalore, Rajasthan]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://eci.nic.in/archive/electionanalysis/AE/S20/partycomp173.htm 173 - Jalore (SC) Assembly Constituency]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year!!Name!!colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| 1951<br /> |Madho Singh||{{Full party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad}}<br /> |-<br /> |Hazari Singh||{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1957||Hasiya||{{Full party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1957||Narpat Singh<br /> |-<br /> | 1962||Virda Ram||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1967||J.Ram||{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1972||Virda Ram||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1977||Teekam Chand Kant||{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1980||Mangilal||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1985||Mangi Lal Arya<br /> |-<br /> | 1990<br /> |rowspan=2|Jogeshwar Garg<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1993<br /> |-<br /> | 1998||Ganeshi Ram Meghwal<br /> |-<br /> | 2003||Jogeshwar Garg<br /> |-<br /> | 2008||Ram Lal Meghwal||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2013<br /> |[[Amrita Meghwal]]&lt;ref name=&quot;election2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS20142.htm?ac=142 |title=Constituency wise result, Jalore, Rajasthan |access-date=22 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120124/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS20142.htm?ac=142 |archive-date=24 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]] <br /> |rowspan=2|Jogeswar Garg<br /> |-<br /> | [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> === 2023 ===<br /> {{Election box begin<br /> |title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Jalore&lt;ref name=&quot;election2023&quot;/&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Jogeshwar Garg<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:84519}}<br /> |percentage = 46.41<br /> |change = -11.89<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Ramila Meghwal<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:64983}}<br /> |percentage = 35.69<br /> |change = -1.01<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Pavani Devi<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:19957}}<br /> |percentage = 10.96<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Ramlal Meghwal<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:4154}}<br /> |percentage = 2.28<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Om Prakash Chouhan<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3459}}<br /> |percentage = 1.9<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Bhagwanaram<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1847}}<br /> |percentage = 1.01<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3177}}<br /> |percentage = 1.74<br /> |change = -0.79<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:19536}}<br /> |percentage = 10.72<br /> |change = -10.88<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:182096}}<br /> |percentage = 63.24<br /> |change = +1.85<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2018 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Jalore&lt;ref name=election2018&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA (Legislative Assembly Election) 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = Jogeshwar Garg<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:95086}}<br /> |percentage = 58.3<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Manju Meghwal<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:59852}}<br /> |percentage = 36.7<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharat Vahini Party<br /> |candidate = Om Prakash Chouhan<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2190}}<br /> |percentage = 1.34<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Mukti Party<br /> |candidate = Bheemaram<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1842}}<br /> |percentage = 1.13<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:4130}}<br /> |percentage = 2.53<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:35234}}<br /> |percentage = 21.6<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:163100}}<br /> |percentage = 61.39<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]<br /> *[[Jalore district]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|25.33|72.62|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Jalore district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Rajasthan]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaappaan&diff=507207 2026-04-11T14:57:49Z

<p>JulianaThurston: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2019 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film by K. V. Anand}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Kaappaan poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[K. V. Anand]]<br /> | writer = {{ubl|K. V. Anand|[[Pattukkottai Prabakar]]}}<br /> | producer = [[Allirajah Subaskaran]]<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Suriya]]|[[Mohanlal]]|[[Arya (actor)|Arya]]|}}<br /> | cinematography = {{ubl|[[Abinandhan Ramanujam]]|[[M. S. Prabhu]]}}<br /> | editing = [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]<br /> | music = [[Harris Jayaraj]]<br /> | studio = [[Lyca Productions]]<br /> | released = {{film date|df=y|2019|09|20|ref1=}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | runtime = 163 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kaappaan (2019) |url=http://www.ifco.ie/en/ifco/pages/F6FBA42A0043286F |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708201032/https://www.ifco.ie/en/ifco/pages/F6FBA42A0043286F |archive-date=8 July 2023 |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=[[Irish Film Classification Office]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | budget = {{INR}}75 crore&lt;ref name=&quot;conscious&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=S |first=Srivatsan |date=17 August 2019 |title=Suriya has become socially-conscious now: KV Anand on 'Kaappaan' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kv-anand-opens-up-about-kaappaan/article29118799.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129194116/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kv-anand-opens-up-about-kaappaan/article29118799.ece |archive-date=29 November 2019 |access-date=18 August 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = {{INR}}100 crore&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2019 |title=Suriya and team celebrate as Kaappaan enters Rs 100-crore club |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/2019/oct/11/suriya-and-team-celebrate-as-kaappaan-enters-the-100-crore-club-14824.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119111311/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/2019/oct/11/suriya-and-team-celebrate-as-kaappaan-enters-the-100-crore-club-14824.html |archive-date=19 January 2025 |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gross&quot; /&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Kaappaan''''' ({{translation|Protector}}) is a 2019 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller]] film directed by [[K. V. Anand]], who co-wrote the script with [[Pattukkottai Prabakar]]. The film, produced by [[Lyca Productions]], stars [[Suriya]], [[Mohanlal]] and [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] in lead roles along with [[Sayyeshaa]], [[Samuthirakani]], [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]], [[Boman Irani]] and [[Chirag Jani (actor)|Chirag Jani]] in supporting roles. The narrative revolves around a [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) officer who struggles to protect the [[Prime Minister of India]] from a mysterious man who threatens to assassinate him.<br /> <br /> The film was announced in January 2018. Filming took place between June 2018 and June 2019. The music was composed by [[Harris Jayaraj]], with cinematography handled by [[Abinandhan Ramanujam|Abhinandhan Ramanujam]] and [[M. S. Prabhu]], and editing by [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]. It was the final directorial work of Anand, before his death in 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=30 April 2021 |title=Director KV Anand dies at 54 in Chennai |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/director-kv-anand-dies-at-54-in-chennai-1796482-2021-04-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225173125/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/director-kv-anand-dies-at-54-in-chennai-1796482-2021-04-30 |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=21 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Kaappaan'' was released theatrically on 20 September 2019. The film received mixed reviews from critics but grossed ₹100 crore at the box office.&lt;ref name=&quot;gross&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2019 |title=Suriya-Mohanlal's Kaappaan earns Rs 100 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/suriya-mohanlals-kaappaan-earns-rs-100-crore/articleshow/71540753.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130065010/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/suriya-mohanlals-kaappaan-earns-rs-100-crore/articleshow/71540753.cms |archive-date=30 November 2024 |access-date=12 October 2019 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Terrorists tried to kill the [[Prime Minister of India]] (PM), Chandrakanth Varma, in [[New Delhi]], but security services were able to stop the attack, save the PM, and send him to his office. The government used [[National Security Guard|NSG]] operations to prevent the assassination. However, the [[Ministry of Communications (India)|Minister for Communications]], Vasudev, was killed as [[collateral damage]], and his daughter Anjali is the PM's junior [[secretary|office secretary]].<br /> <br /> Kathiravan &quot;Kathir&quot; is an [[organic farming|organic farmer]] in [[Thanjavur]] who secretly works for the country's [[military intelligence]]. The [[Special Protection Group|SPG]] asks him to help protect the PM during his visit to London after a captured terrorist reveals a plot to assassinate him. Kathir identifies and shoots the suspect. Anjali, who mistakes Kathir for the assassin, tries to follow him, but he tricks her into getting drunk and loses her. Varma goes to India and discovers that the [[Pakistan Army|Pakistan army]] killed the Indian soldiers in [[Kashmir]]. Rajan Mahadev, a [[business magnate|business tycoon]] and public figure, meets Varma to discuss ways of retaliation.<br /> <br /> Joseph Selvaraj, Kathir's co-worker and friend, gets a death threat during Joseph and Priya's wedding anniversary celebration. Suddenly, a sniper kills his pet cat. Kathir and Joseph try to track the killer, but he diverts them by murdering the sniper with a small bomb blast and escapes. Varma goes to Kashmir to speak to the public, but a mysterious caller interferes with the communication system of the SPG and alerts them to a bomb on the stage where Varma is speaking. Kathir discovers the bomb and throws it away. However, the caller uses the distraction to detonate another bomb in Varma's car, killing him. After Varma's death, there is a struggle for the position of the next PM, but Varma's advisor chooses his son, Abhishek, to prevent a political divide.<br /> <br /> Kathir gets suspended for failing to protect the PM. He discovers evidence that links their friend Ranjith, a disgraced double agent, to the killer. Ranjith seeks revenge on Varma and the SPG for his arrest, which led to his family's suicide. In addition, farmers are protesting against the construction of mines in Thanjavur, which are destroying their crops. Abhishek plans to close the mines, but Mahadev, the owner, opposes the decision, resulting in a political conflict. Despite security warnings, Abhishek takes Anjali out for her birthday, and there is an assassination attempt on him that injures Anjali. Joseph dies while trying to save Abhishek. Kathir gets angry at Abhishek for going outside without security.<br /> <br /> During the [[autopsy|post-mortem]], Kathir finds that one of his officers, Prem, has tried to tamper with the evidence. Prem reveals himself as a double agent who is in cahoots with Ranjith and was the one who killed Joseph while he was rescuing Abhishek. Meanwhile, male [[caelifera]] [[locust]]s suddenly infest the fields in Thanjavur. Mahadev orchestrated the outbreak because the farmers did not give up their land for his mining company. Mahadev is also the brain behind Varma's assassination, and Ranjith and Prem are simply his puppets. Abhishek and Mahadev discuss the ongoing feud and agree that in the immediate [[press conference]], Mahadev will shut down his mines in Thanjavur. Mahadev seemingly agrees but secretly plans to release both male and female caelifera, which will ensure the destruction of the crops without any chances of revival and allow him to establish his mining company without further problems.<br /> <br /> Kathir figures this out and destroys the train transporting the locusts, killing all the locusts. Ranjith enters the control room at the press conference and plans to kill Abhishek on Mahadev's orders. Kathir beats up Ranjith, who reveals that the bomb is with Anjali. Kathir calls Anjali to the [[control room]], and they find that the [[orthopedic cast|cast]] on her broken arm contains the bomb. Kathir removes Anjali's cast and disposes of the bomb. Kathir rushes to protect Abhishek, but Ranjith says that Kathir's jacket has the bomb, and removing it will cause it to detonate. With Kathir frozen on the spot, Ranjith and Mahadev escape, enter the latter's car, and detonate the bomb, but the bomb explodes in the car, thus killing Mahadev and Ranjith on the spot. In a flashback, Kathir had found the bomb in the jacket earlier and left the [[bulletproof vest]] in Mahadev's car. In the end, Kathir and Anjali are seen having romantic moments in his hometown.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> *[[Suriya]] as Kathiravan (Kathir), a [[Special Protection Group]] officer<br /> *[[Mohanlal]] as Chandrakanth Varma, [[Prime Minister of India]]<br /> *[[Arya (actor)|Arya]] as Abhishek (Abhi) Varma, Chandrakanth's son<br /> *[[Sayyeshaa]] as Anjali Vasudev, PM's Press Secretary and Kathir's love interest<br /> *[[Samuthirakani]] as Joseph Selvaraj, SPG Director<br /> *[[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]] as Priya Joseph Selvaraj, Joseph's wife<br /> *[[Boman Irani]] as Rajan Mahadev, an industrialist; (voice dubbed by [[Nizhalgal Ravi]])<br /> *[[Chirag Jani (actor)|Chirag Jani]] as Ranjith Kumar, a former intelligence agent&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 June 2019 |title=Suriya's Kaappaan Villain Chirag Jani Well On the Road To Recovery |url=https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/suriyas-kaappaan-villain-chirag-jani-well-on-the-road-to-recovery-452917.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712215257/https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/suriyas-kaappaan-villain-chirag-jani-well-on-the-road-to-recovery-452917.htm |archive-date=12 July 2019 |access-date=12 July 2019 |website=[[In.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Prem Kumar (Tamil actor)|Prem Kumar]] as Prem, SPG Commando<br /> *[[D. R. K. Kiran|Kiran]] as Vivek, SPG Commando<br /> *[[Uma (Tamil actress)|Uma]] as Mrs. Varma, Chandrakanth's wife and Abhishek's mother<br /> *[[Thalaivasal Vijay]] as Santhosh, Cabinet Secretary<br /> *[[Paruthiveeran Sujatha]] as Kathiravan's mother<br /> *Shankar Krishnamurthy as Sundhar<br /> *[[Nagineedu]] as Sikander, Defense Minister<br /> *[[Swaminathan]] as Ramanujam<br /> *[[Ravi Prakash]] as Shiva, Mahadev's assistant<br /> *Manoj Lulla as Manoj<br /> *[[R. N. R. Manohar]] as Member of Parliament<br /> * Anitha Sampath as Kavitha<br /> *[[Pattukkottai Prabakar]] in a special appearance as a journalist<br /> *[[M. S. Prabhu]] in a special appearance<br /> *[[Anthony (editor)|Anthony]] in a special appearance as Irfan, interrogation officer<br /> *Karen Nikitha Harris in a special appearance in the song &quot;Vinnil Vinmeen&quot;<br /> *Danielle Haden as a dancer in the item number &quot;Machan Inga Vandhira&quot;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> <br /> === Development ===<br /> In January 2018, [[Suriya]] announced that his next film, [[Working title|tentatively titled]] ''Suriya 38'', would be directed by [[K. V. Anand]], who earlier directed him in [[Ayan (film)|''Ayan'']] (2009) and ''[[Maattrraan]]'' (2012).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title='Suriya 37' to be directed by KV Anand |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-37-to-be-directed-by-kv-anand/articleshow/62412651.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127064627/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-37-to-be-directed-by-kv-anand/articleshow/62412651.cms |archive-date=27 November 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A month later, [[Lyca Productions]] was announced to produce the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=MK |first=Surendhar |date=3 February 2018 |title=Suriya 37: Lyca Productions to bankroll KV Anand directorial; Amitabh Bachchan likely to play pivotal role |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/suriya-37-lyca-productions-to-bankroll-kv-anand-directorial-amitabh-bachchan-likely-to-play-pivotal-role-4333683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250123155634/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/suriya-37-lyca-productions-to-bankroll-kv-anand-directorial-amitabh-bachchan-likely-to-play-pivotal-role-4333683.html |archive-date=23 January 2025 |access-date=21 January 2026 |work=[[Firstpost]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The script was written by [[Pattukkottai Prabakar]], rather than Anand's usual associates, the duo [[Subha (writers)|Subha]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=14 March 2018 |title=Suriya’s next with KV Anand will be an action thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-next-with-kv-anand-will-be-an-action-thriller/articleshow/63285303.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512092319/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-next-with-kv-anand-will-be-an-action-thriller/articleshow/63285303.cms |archive-date=12 May 2023 |access-date=21 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; though Anand shared screenwriting credit.&lt;ref name=&quot;conscious&quot;/&gt; The technical crew includes editor [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]], art director [[D. R. K. Kiran]] and stunt choreographers [[Peter Hein]] and Dhilp Subbaryan, continuing their association with the director from his previous films.&lt;ref name=&quot;it1jan2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 January 2018 |title=Suriya 37 is Kaappaan: Director KV Anand's film gets a name |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-37-is-kaappaan-director-kv-anand-s-film-gets-a-name-1421065-2019-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102061035/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-37-is-kaappaan-director-kv-anand-s-film-gets-a-name-1421065-2019-01-01 |archive-date=2 January 2019 |access-date=4 January 2019 |website=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Initially, [[Gavemic U. Ary]] was announced as the cinematographer, but in a turn of events [[Abinandhan Ramanujam|Abhinandhan Ramanujam]] replaced him. Later, he too left the project after the first schedule, apparently due to scheduling conflicts with cinematography commitments for the Malayalam film ''[[9 (2019 film)|9]]''. Subsequently, [[M. S. Prabhu]] who collaborated with Suriya and Anand on ''Ayan'', was finalised.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2018 |title=Abhinandan replaces Gavemic U Ary as cinematographer in Suriya-KV Anand project |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/jun/27/abhinandan-replaces-gavemic-u-ary-as-cinematographer-in-suriya-kv-anand-project-6715.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119111503/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/jun/27/abhinandan-replaces-gavemic-u-ary-as-cinematographer-in-suriya-kv-anand-project-6715.html |archive-date=19 January 2025 |access-date=3 January 2019 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 August 2018 |title=Suriya-KV Anand film gets another new cinematographer |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/Aug/17/suriya-kv-anand-film-gets-another-new-cinematographer-7475.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024173927/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/aug/17/suriya-kv-anand-film-gets-another-new-cinematographer-7475.html |archive-date=24 October 2021 |access-date=19 July 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; While the film was announced without a title, the makers had registered three titles: ''Kaappaan'', ''Meetpaan'' and ''Uyirkaa'', and asked fans to choose the title through a [[Twitter]] poll. Although the majority of fans voted for ''Uyirkaa'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=1 January 2019 |title=Suriya's film with KV Anand titled 'Kaappaan' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-film-with-kv-anand-titled-kaappaan/articleshow/67323384.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116053253/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-film-with-kv-anand-titled-kaappaan/articleshow/67323384.cms |archive-date=16 January 2019 |access-date=21 February 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; on 31 December 2018, Lyca announced the film's title as ''Kaappaan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;it1jan2018&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet |number=1079810670839980032 |user=LycaProductions |title=Here We Go! #Suriya37 is #KAAPPAAN 🔥💥🌟 START MUSIC #HappyNewYear @Suriya_offl @anavenkat @Mohanlal @arya_offl @Jharrisjayaraj |author=Lyca Productions |author-link=Lyca Productions |date=31 December 2018 |access-date=1 January 2019 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/wCAiy?wr=false |archive-date=3 April 2026 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Casting and filming ===<br /> [[Allu Sirish]] initially agreed to act in the film,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 May 2018 |title=Allu Sirish makes a comeback in Tamil with Suriya's film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/allu-sirish-suriya-37-kv-anand-1232617-2018-05-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510121634/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/allu-sirish-suriya-37-kv-anand-1232617-2018-05-13 |archive-date=10 May 2025 |access-date=21 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; but later opted out due to scheduling conflicts with ''[[ABCD: American Born Confused Desi (2019 film)|ABCD]]'' (2019), and was replaced by [[Arya (actor)|Arya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ie20july2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=20 July 2018 |title=Suriya 37: Allu Sirish not a part of Suriya-KV Anand film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriya-37-allu-sirish-not-a-part-of-suriya-kv-anand-film-5268181/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722184815/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriya-37-allu-sirish-not-a-part-of-suriya-kv-anand-film-5268181/ |archive-date=22 July 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 July 2018 |title=Suriya 37 director KV Anand ropes in Arya for pivotal role; Tamil actor joins shoot in London |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/suriya-37-director-kv-anand-ropes-in-arya-for-pivotal-role-tamil-actor-joins-shoot-in-london-4677861.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722155619/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/suriya-37-director-kv-anand-ropes-in-arya-for-pivotal-role-tamil-actor-joins-shoot-in-london-4677861.html |archive-date=22 July 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Amitabh Bachchan]] was approached to portray the Prime Minister of India, but later [[Mohanlal]] agreed to do it.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 July 2019 |title=KV Anand: &quot;We approached Amitabh Bachchan for Mohanlal’s role in Kaappaan!&quot; |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/kv-anand-we-approached-amitabh-bachchan-for-mohanlal-s-role-in-kaappaan-news-tamil-thln9gdbjichd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819095639/https://www.sify.com/movies/kv-anand-we-approached-amitabh-bachchan-for-mohanlal-s-role-in-kaappaan-news-tamil-thln9gdbjichd.html |archive-date=19 August 2019 |access-date=19 August 2019 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Prem Kumar (Tamil actor)|Prem Kumar]] shot for the film simultaneously with ''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]'' (2018).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 July 2018 |title=After Vijay's 'Sarkar', Prem Kumar also in Suriya 37! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/after-vijays-sarkar-prem-kumar-also-in-suriya-37/articleshow/64814629.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824121521/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/after-vijays-sarkar-prem-kumar-also-in-suriya-37/articleshow/64814629.cms |archive-date=24 August 2018 |access-date=22 June 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film also marks [[Boman Irani]]'s Tamil debut.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2018 |title=Boman Irani to make his Tamil debut with Suriya and KV Anand project |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/boman-irani-to-make-his-tamil-debut-with-suriya-kv-anand-film-1266881-2018-06-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260224051920/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/boman-irani-to-make-his-tamil-debut-with-suriya-kv-anand-film-1266881-2018-06-22 |archive-date=24 February 2026 |access-date=21 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Principal photography]] commenced on 25 June 2018, in London.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=25 June 2018 |title=Suriya's next with KV Anand goes on the floors in London |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-next-with-kv-anand-goes-on-the-floors-in-london/articleshow/64732441.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005050501/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-next-with-kv-anand-goes-on-the-floors-in-london/articleshow/64732441.cms |archive-date=5 October 2018 |access-date=22 July 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was then planned to be shot in multiple locations across the world including [[New York City|New York]], Brazil, [[New Delhi]] and [[Hyderabad]].&lt;ref name=&quot;FP&quot; /&gt; In March, an action sequence was filmed at [[Visakhapatnam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 March 2019 |title=Exclusive: Suriya shoots in Vizag for KV Anand’s Kaappaan |url=https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/exclusive-suriya-shoots-in-vizag-for-kv-anands-kaappaan-342521.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314033820/https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/exclusive-suriya-shoots-in-vizag-for-kv-anands-kaappaan-342521.htm |archive-date=14 March 2019 |access-date=21 January 2026 |website=[[In.com]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A month later, the makers shot a song sequence on Indonesia's [[Java]] island.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 April 2019 |title=Suriya&amp;nbsp;– KV Anand's 'Kaappaan' team lands in Java for a song sequence |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-kv-anands-kaappaan-team-lands-java-song-sequence-100757 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426143351/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-kv-anands-kaappaan-team-lands-java-song-sequence-100757 |archive-date=26 April 2019 |access-date=24 May 2019 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 April 2019 |title=Suriya's Kaappaan heads to Java in Indonesia for song shoot. See picture |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/suriya-s-kaappaan-heads-to-java-in-indonesia-for-song-shoot-see-picture/story-2XMVAEGbL0xdIOPJH7rNYJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520124455/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/suriya-s-kaappaan-heads-to-java-in-indonesia-for-song-shoot-see-picture/story-2XMVAEGbL0xdIOPJH7rNYJ.html |archive-date=20 May 2019 |access-date=24 May 2019 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Filming [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] in June 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2019 |title='Suriya is a director's delight': Selvaraghavan |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/suriya-directors-delight-selvaraghavan-103405 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260121085230/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/suriya-directors-delight-selvaraghavan-103405 |archive-date=21 January 2026 |access-date=21 January 2026 |website=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2019 |title='Bandobast' is Suriya's 'Kaappaan' Telugu title, SS Rajamouli releases first look |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/bandobast-suriyas-kaappaan-telugu-title-ss-rajamouli-releases-first-look-104454 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260121085054/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/bandobast-suriyas-kaappaan-telugu-title-ss-rajamouli-releases-first-look-104454 |archive-date=21 January 2026 |access-date=21 January 2026 |website=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Kaappaan<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Harris Jayaraj]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 21 July 2019<br /> | recorded = <br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = Studio H<br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 19:28<br /> | label = [[Sony Music India]]<br /> | language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | producer = [[Harris Jayaraj]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Dev (2019 film)|Dev]]<br /> | prev_year = 2019<br /> | next_title = [[The Legend (2022 film)|The Legend]]<br /> | next_year = 2022<br /> | misc = {{Singles<br /> | name = Kaappaan<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | single1 = Siriki<br /> | single1date = 5 July 2019<br /> | single2 = Kurilae Kurilae<br /> | single2date = 19 July 2019<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> The soundtrack album is scored by [[Harris Jayaraj]]. The audio launch event was held on 21 July 2019 in Chennai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 July 2019 |title=Mohanlal heaps praises on Suriya at Kaappaan audio launch: He has irresistible passion as an actor |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mohanlal-heaps-praises-on-suriya-at-kaappaan-audio-launch-he-has-irresistible-passion-as-an-actor-1572051-2019-07-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722123257/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mohanlal-heaps-praises-on-suriya-at-kaappaan-audio-launch-he-has-irresistible-passion-as-an-actor-1572051-2019-07-22 |archive-date=22 July 2019 |access-date=22 July 2019 |work=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 July 2019 |title=Rajinikanth, Shankar, and Vairamuthu come together for 'Kaappaan'! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/rajinikanth-shankar-and-vairamuthu-come-together-for-kaappaan-news-tamil-thslvgajfdefh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718085757/https://www.sify.com/movies/rajinikanth-shankar-and-vairamuthu-come-together-for-kaappaan-news-tamil-thslvgajfdefh.html |archive-date=18 July 2019 |access-date=12 October 2019 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harris' daughter Karen Nikita Harris made her debut as a singer with the song &quot;Vinnil Vinmeen&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 July 2019 |title=Kaappaan audio launch: Rajinikanth backs Suriya's NEP stand, Mohanlal praises director KV Anand |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kaappaan-audio-launch-rajinikanth-backs-suriyas-nep-stand-mohanlal-praises-director-kv-anand-7032481.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722123247/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kaappaan-audio-launch-rajinikanth-backs-suriyas-nep-stand-mohanlal-praises-director-kv-anand-7032481.html |archive-date=22 July 2019 |access-date=22 July 2019 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Upon release, the album received a positive review from ''[[Firstpost]]'', commenting that &quot;Harris Jayraj composes yet another album loaded with chartbusters for Suriya's film. Dipped in quintessential Harris signature, the album offers different styles of music, ending up with different results.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 July 2019 |title=Kaappaan music review: Harris Jayraj composes yet another album loaded with chartbusters for Suriya's film |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kaappaan-music-review-harris-jayraj-composes-yet-another-album-loaded-with-chartbusters-for-suriyas-film-7055761.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726134549/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kaappaan-music-review-harris-jayraj-composes-yet-another-album-loaded-with-chartbusters-for-suriyas-film-7055761.html |archive-date=26 July 2019 |access-date=7 August 2019 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | headline = Tamil Track-List<br /> | total_length = 19:28<br /> | title1 = Siriki<br /> | extra1 = [[Senthil Ganesh]], [[Rockstar Ramani Ammal]]<br /> | lyrics1 = S. Gnanakaravel<br /> | length1 = 04:43<br /> | title2 = Vinnil Vinmeen<br /> | extra2 = Nikitha Harris<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Vairamuthu]]<br /> | length2 = 03:54<br /> | title3 = Hey Amigo<br /> | extra3 = [[Leslee Lewis]], [[Jonita Gandhi]]<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]<br /> | length3 = 04:32<br /> | title4 = Kurilae Kurilae<br /> | extra4 = [[Javed Ali]], [[Darshana KT]]<br /> | lyrics4 = Vairamuthu<br /> | length4 = 04:21<br /> | title5 = Machan Inga Vandhira<br /> | extra5 = [[Kharesma Ravichandran]], [[Nikhita Gandhi]], Shabnam Muthu Munas<br /> | lyrics5 = [[Kabilan Vairamuthu]], GK<br /> | length5 = 03:38<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | headline = Telugu Track-List<br /> | total_length = 19:20<br /> | title1 = Yenno Thaarala Sangamam<br /> | extra1 = Nikitha Harris<br /> | lyrics1 = Vanamali<br /> | length1 = 03:49<br /> | title2 = Seruku<br /> | extra2 = [[Senthildass Velayutham]], Senthil Ganesh, Ramani Ammal<br /> | lyrics2 = Chandrabose<br /> | length2 = 04:43<br /> | title3 = Hey Amigo<br /> | extra3 = [[Jonita Gandhi]], [[Haricharan]], Leslie Lewis<br /> | lyrics3 = Vanamali<br /> | length3 = 04:32<br /> | title4 = Mecha Ninne<br /> | extra4 = [[Nikhita Gandhi]]<br /> | lyrics4 = Vanamali<br /> | length4 = 03:36<br /> | title5 = Palike Palike<br /> | extra5 = [[Javed Ali]], Darshana KT, Pravin Saivi<br /> | lyrics5 = Chandrabose<br /> | length5 = 04:22<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> Initially, the makers announced that the film is scheduled to release on 30 August 2019, but considering the release of ''[[Saaho]]'', which was scheduled on the same date, the release was pushed to 20 September 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 August 2019 |title=Suriya's Kaappaan gets new release date |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriyas-kaappaan-gets-new-release-date-5879131/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030211205/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriyas-kaappaan-gets-new-release-date-5879131/ |archive-date=30 October 2023 |access-date=20 August 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Telugu dubbed version titled ''Bandobast'' was released simultaneously with the Tamil version.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2019 |title=Suriya's 'Kaappaan' renamed as 'Bandobast' in Telugu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-kaappaan-renamed-as-bandobust-in-telugu/articleshow/69987186.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817155214/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-kaappaan-renamed-as-bandobust-in-telugu/articleshow/69987186.cms |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=10 September 2019 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ahead of the film's release, in late August, A. John Charles, an aspiring screenwriter, filed a petition in the [[Madras High Court]] accusing the filmmakers of plagiarism. He revealed that he wrote a script titled ''Saravedi'' which was registered in 2016, and even discussed the script with Anand in January 2017, but was shocked to find similarities between the teaser of ''Kaappaan'' teaser and the script of ''Saravedi'', since the script of ''Kaappaan'' was credited to Prabakar, and subsequently called for a stay on the film's release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 August 2019 |title=Suit alleges Kaappaan script is plagiarised |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/suit-alleges-kaappaan-script-is-plagiarised-kv-anand-ks-ravikumar-pattukottai-prabhakar/article29263644.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260121094524/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/suit-alleges-kaappaan-script-is-plagiarised-kv-anand-ks-ravikumar-pattukottai-prabhakar/article29263644.ece |archive-date=21 January 2026 |access-date=21 January 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, on 12 September, the court dismissed the petition, citing lack of evidence.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 September 2019 |title=Kaappaan: Madras High Court dismisses plagiarism case against Suriya film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kaappaan-madras-high-court-dismisses-plagiarism-case-against-suriya-film-1598444-2019-09-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813152819/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kaappaan-madras-high-court-dismisses-plagiarism-case-against-suriya-film-1598444-2019-09-12 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=21 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> <br /> === Critical reception ===<br /> ''Kaappaan'' received mixed reviews from critics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=MK |first=Surendhar |date=25 September 2019 |title=Kaappaan tops TN, Kerala box office in opening weekend; Gaddalakonda Ganesh earns Rs 25 cr globally |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kaappaan-tops-tn-kerala-box-office-in-opening-weekend-gaddalakonda-ganesh-earns-rs-25-cr-globally-7398541.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819131706/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kaappaan-tops-tn-kerala-box-office-in-opening-weekend-gaddalakonda-ganesh-earns-rs-25-cr-globally-7398541.html |archive-date=19 August 2020 |access-date=19 April 2020 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; M Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars stating &quot;KV Anand's Kaappaan feels like one of those patriotic films that Vijayakanth and Arjun frequently made in the 90s, but is not as entertaining as those&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI 3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=20 September 2019 |title=Kaappaan Movie Review : Suriya and Mohanlal starrer is a frustrating action film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kaappaan/movie-review/71214794.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929230400/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kaappaan/movie-review/71214794.cms |archive-date=29 September 2019 |access-date=20 September 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Sify]]'' rated it 2 out of 5 stars stating &quot;Usually Anand's films stand out in the technical department but here everything is strictly average including music, cinematography, writing and editing&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 September 2019 |title=Kaappaan review: Ambitious but exhausting! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/kaappaan-review-ambitious-but-exhausting-review-tamil-tjuo2jfbebicj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920213834/https://www.sify.com/movies/kaappaan-review-ambitious-but-exhausting-review-tamil-tjuo2jfbebicj.html |archive-date=20 September 2019 |access-date=26 October 2019 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gautaman Bhaskaran of ''[[News18]]'' rated the film 1 out of 5 stars and stated &quot;Despite big names from the industry, the plot of Kaappaan wanders and loses its focus&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bhaskaran |first=Gautaman |date=20 September 2019 |title=Kaappaan Movie Review: Despite Stellar Star Cast, Suriya-Mohanlal Starrer Loses Focus |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kaappaan-movie-review-despite-stellar-star-cast-suriya-mohanlal-starrer-loses-focus-2316599.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026175438/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kaappaan-movie-review-despite-stellar-star-cast-suriya-mohanlal-starrer-loses-focus-2316599.html |archive-date=26 October 2019 |access-date=26 October 2019 |website=[[News18]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sreedhar Pillai for ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 2.25 out of 5 stars stating &quot;''Kaappaan'' starts with a bang and moves at a rapid pace, but somewhere towards the middle it gets bogged down and runs out of ideas&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=20 September 2019 |title=Kaappaan movie review: Suriya, Mohanlal are charismatic in this formulaic action drama |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kaappaan-movie-review-suriya-mohanlal-are-charismatic-in-this-formulaic-action-drama-7375171.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014191132/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kaappaan-movie-review-suriya-mohanlal-are-charismatic-in-this-formulaic-action-drama-7375171.html |archive-date=14 October 2019 |access-date=26 October 2019 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Srivatsan S of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated, &quot;KV Anand's latest collaboration with his favourite leading man is a painstakingly long thriller, that neither has soul nor brain&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=S |first=Srivatsan |date=20 September 2019 |title='Kaappaan' movie review: A colossal misfire for Suriya |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kaappaan-movie-review-a-colossal-misfire-for-suriya/article29468958.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810002348/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kaappaan-movie-review-a-colossal-misfire-for-suriya/article29468958.ece |archive-date=10 August 2020 |access-date=30 May 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the film 1.5 out of 5 stars stating &quot;Never do you truly believe that this film has a real understanding of the world and its politics.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 September 2019 |title=Suriya's 'Kaappaan' film review: An overlong film full of bloat and devoid of soul |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/sep/21/suriyas-kaappaan-film-review-an-overlong-film-full-of-bloat-and-devoid-of-soul-2036633.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104182947/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/sep/21/suriyas-kaappaan-film-review-an-overlong-film-full-of-bloat-and-devoid-of-soul-2036633.html |archive-date=4 November 2019 |access-date=22 May 2020 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; S. Subhakeerthana of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated 1 out of 5 stars stating &quot;KV Anand fills Kaappaaan with props, in his never-ending endeavour to create that elusive surreal ambience. But the film has artificiality written all over.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Subhakeerthana |first=S |date=20 September 2019 |title=Kaappaan movie review: A nightmarish film that no star can save |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kaappaan-movie-review-rating-suriya-mohanlal-6014789/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206205050/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kaappaan-movie-review-rating-suriya-mohanlal-6014789/ |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=22 May 2020 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anupama Subramanian of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' rated 2.5 out of 5 stars stating &quot;Kaappaan plays a big game and is very commercial in nature.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=21 September 2019 |title=Kaappaan review: Inconsistent writing makes for an average watch |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/210919/kaappaan-review-inconsistent-writing-makes-for-an-average-watch.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001062536/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/210919/kaappaan-review-inconsistent-writing-makes-for-an-average-watch.html |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=22 May 2020 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sowmya Rajendran]] of ''[[The News Minute]]'' rated 2 out of 5 stars stating &quot;Other than Suriya, nobody in the SPG looks like they've even slow jogged on the treadmill, let alone performed miraculous high security ops.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |author-link=Sowmya Rajendran |date=20 September 2019 |title='Kaappaan' review: Who will save the audience from Kollywood's farmer obsession? |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/Kaappaan-review-who-will-save-the-audience-from-Kollywood-farmer-obsession-Suriya-Mohanlal-109223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219032034/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/Kaappaan-review-who-will-save-the-audience-from-Kollywood-farmer-obsession-Suriya-Mohanlal-109223 |archive-date=19 February 2020 |access-date=22 May 2020 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lakshmi Subramanian of ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'' rated 2 out of 5 stars stating &quot;The predictable screenplay, which reminds you of some old Vijayakanth or Arjun films, is disappointing as it comes from Anand who has had some decent outings with Suriya earlier, like ''Maattraan'' and ''Ayan''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Lakshmi |date=20 September 2019 |title=Kaappaan review: An ambitious but predictable affair |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2019/09/20/Kaappaan-review-An-ambitions-but-predictable-affair.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011033531/https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2019/09/20/Kaappaan-review-An-ambitions-but-predictable-affair.html |archive-date=11 October 2019 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Box office ===<br /> In its opening weekend, the film collected {{INRConvert|23|c|lk=off|year=2019|to=USD|0|mode=historical}} in Tamil Nadu, which at the time made it one of the highest-grossing opening weekends in Tamil film history.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 September 2019 |title=Kaappaan box office collection: Suriya's film becomes the highest opening weekend grosser of all time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kaappaan-suriyas-film-becomes-the-highest-opening-weekend-grosser-of-all-time/articleshow/71271034.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113161458/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kaappaan-suriyas-film-becomes-the-highest-opening-weekend-grosser-of-all-time/articleshow/71271034.cms |archive-date=13 November 2019 |access-date=27 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film collected approximately {{INRConvert|50|c|lk=off|year=2019|to=USD|0|mode=historical}} worldwide in its first weekend.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 September 2019 |title=Kaappaan box office collection: Suriya starrer grosses Rs 50 crore worldwide |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kaappaan-box-office-collection-day-3-suriya-worldwide-6023135/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116070257/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kaappaan-box-office-collection-day-3-suriya-worldwide-6023135/ |archive-date=16 January 2021 |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kaappaan'' earned around {{INR}}100 crore worldwide.&lt;ref name=&quot;gross&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br /> <br /> {{Lyca Productions}}<br /> {{K. V. Anand}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2010s political action films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s political thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2019 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2019 action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2019 films]]<br /> [[Category:2019 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural depictions of prime ministers of India]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by K. V. Anand]]<br /> [[Category:Films involved in plagiarism controversies]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Harris Jayaraj]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in London]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in London]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Visakhapatnam]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian political action films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian political thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language political thriller films]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vithika_Sheru&diff=545023 2026-04-11T13:50:53Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Created New Post</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian film actress (born 1994)}}<br /> {{Tone|date=March 2022}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=May 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Vithika Sheru<br /> | image = Vithika Sheru receiving a memento by director Dr.Prathibha Penumalli and correspondent Dr.A.Madhusudhana Reddy in the 9th Annual Day celebrations of Rainbow Concept School, Mahabubnagar, Telangana State (cropped).jpg<br /> | caption = Sheru in 2014<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age |df=yes|1994|2|2}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Bhimavaram]], [[Andhra Pradesh, India]]<br /> | other_names = Keerthi<br /> | occupation = Actress<br /> | years_active = 2008–present<br /> | spouse = [[Varun Sandesh]]<br /> | imagesize = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Vithika Sheru''' (born 2 February 1994) is an Indian actress who has appeared in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Kannada]] films. In 2019, she entered the [[reality TV]] show ''[[Bigg Boss Telugu 3]]'' as a contestant.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Vithika Sheru was born on 2 February 1994,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bb-telugu-3-fame-vithika-sheru-rings-in-her-26th-birthday-in-sri-lanka-with-hubby-varun-sandesh-take-a-look/photostory/73871520.cms |title=Vithika Sheri rings in her 26th Birthday in Sri Lanka with hubby Varun Sandesh, Take a look |date=2 February 2020 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; in [[Bhimavaram]], Andhra Pradesh.&lt;ref name=&quot;sheruphotography.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=VITHIKA SHERU – LATEST PHOTOSHOOT {{!}} PICTURE {{!}} PHOTOS {{!}} BIOGRAPHY |url=https://www.sheruphotography.in/2022/01/vithika-sheru-latest-photoshoot-picture.html |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=S P NEWS INDIA |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306194407/https://www.sheruphotography.in/2022/01/vithika-sheru-latest-photoshoot-picture.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She completed her education in [[Mumbai]] and [[Hyderabad]]. She pursued a graduate diploma in fashion design from the Lakhotia Institute of Design, Abids, Hyderabad.&lt;ref name=&quot;newindianexpress1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Playing-the-innocent-girl-next-door/2013/11/16/article1892888.ece#.U0bHTvl_v_E |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118212626/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Playing-the-innocent-girl-next-door/2013/11/16/article1892888.ece#.U0bHTvl_v_E |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 November 2013 |title=Playing the innocent girl next door |work=The New Indian Express |date=16 November 2013 |access-date=10 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> She is married to actor [[Varun Sandesh]], her co-star in ''Paddanandi Premalo Mari'' (2015).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.telangananewspaper.com/varun-sandesh-engagement-videos/ |work=The TNP |title=Varun Engagement with Vithika Sheru :NewsPaper |access-date=8 December 2015 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208202028/http://www.telangananewspaper.com/varun-sandesh-engagement-videos/ |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Sheru started acting as a child artist at age 11, appearing in Telugu television series&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |url=http://entertainment.in.msn.com/southcinema/vithika-turns-stylist-for-prema-ishq-kaadhal |title=Vithika turns stylist for 'Prema Ishq Kaadhal' |publisher=MSN |date=21 May 2013 |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413124226/http://entertainment.in.msn.com/southcinema/vithika-turns-stylist-for-prema-ishq-kaadhal |archive-date=13 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and making her film debut at age 15 in the [[Kannada]] film ''[[Anthu Inthu Preethi Banthu]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/beauty-talent-essential-for-long-career-vithika-sheru-with-image-113051700199_1.html |title=Beauty, talent essential for long career: Vithika Sheru (With Image) |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=17 May 2013 |access-date=10 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; She stated that her Kannada debut happened by chance when she accompanied her aunt, who is a stylist, to the film sets where she was spotted and offered a role in the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;newindianexpress1&quot;/&gt; A remake of the Telugu film ''[[Aadavari Matalaku Ardhale Verule]]'', she played the role that [[Swati Reddy]] played in the original, after which she appeared in another Kannada film ''[[Ullasa Utsaha]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/beauty-talent-essential-for-long-career-vithika-sheru-with-image-news-national-nfrl4gdhhdd.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427161501/http://www.sify.com/movies/beauty-talent-essential-for-long-career-vithika-sheru-with-image-news-national-nfrl4gdhhdd.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 April 2014 |title=Beauty, talent essential for long career: Vithika Sheru (With Image) |website=[[Sify]] |date=17 May 2013 |access-date=10 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She then went on to work in Telugu cinema. During 2008 and 2009, she starred under the name Keerthi in a few low-budget Telugu films like ''Preminchu Rojullo'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/preminche-rojullo-second-schedule-complete-telugu-news-36207 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924182930/http://www.indiaglitz.com/preminche-rojullo-second-schedule-complete-telugu-news-36207 |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 September 2015 |title='Preminche Rojullo' second schedule complete – Telugu Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz.com |date=29 January 2008 |access-date=10 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Chalo 123''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/chalo-123-is-ready-for-censoring-telugu-news-46483 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075305/http://www.indiaglitz.com/chalo-123-is-ready-for-censoring-telugu-news-46483 |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 September 2015 |title=Chalo 1..2..3..' is ready for censoring – Telugu Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz.com |date=23 April 2009 |access-date=10 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''My Name is Amrutha''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article137537.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413133938/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article137537.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 April 2014 |title='My Name is Amrutha' ready for release |work=The New Indian Express |date=10 October 2009 |access-date=10 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; She later worked as a supporting actress in the films ''[[Jhummandi Naadam]]'' and ''[[Bheemili Kabaddi Jattu]]'', before landing a lead role in the Telugu film ''[[Prema Ishq Kaadhal]]''. She played the role of a college student in the film,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=sangeetha devi dundoo |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/love-sex-and-dhoka/article5434269.ece |title=Love, sex and dhoka |work=The Hindu |date=8 December 2013 |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413123606/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/love-sex-and-dhoka/article5434269.ece |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; for which she also did the complete costume styling.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/vithika-turns-stylist-for-prema-ishq-kaadhal/393042-71-216.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611233818/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/vithika-turns-stylist-for-prema-ishq-kaadhal/393042-71-216.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 June 2013 |title=Vithika turns stylist for 'Prema Ishq Kaadhal' – IBNLive |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=21 May 2013 |access-date=10 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2014, she made her Tamil film debut with the unreleased film ''Uyir Mozhi'', in which she played a visually challenged girl.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=K. R. Manigandan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/confident-strides/article3727066.ece |title=Confident strides |work=The Hindu |date=4 August 2012 |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413124219/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/confident-strides/article3727066.ece |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; To prepare for the role, she said, she had to learn [[braille]] and was blindfolded for many days.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140106/entertainment-tollywood/article/vithika-roll |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109143645/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140106/entertainment-tollywood/article/vithika-roll |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 January 2014 |title=Vithika on a roll |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=6 January 2014 |access-date=10 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2015, she appeared as a lead in ''Paddanandi Premalo Mari'' directed by debutant Mahesh Upputuri. She played Shravani, a girl &quot;who is both traditional and modern and changes her attitude depending on situations&quot;, and also designed her own costumes for the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Offers pouring in for Vithika Sheru |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140915/entertainment-tollywood/article/offers-pouring-vithika-sheru |website=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has completed her second Tamil film ''Mahabalipuram''.&lt;ref name=&quot;newindianexpress1&quot;/&gt; She also shot for a Tamil film titled ''Vedikkai'' along with [[Vidharth]].&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#cccccf; text-align:center;&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#cccccf; text-align:center;&quot;|Film<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#cccccf; text-align:center;&quot;|Role<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#cccccf; text-align:center;&quot;|Language<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#cccccf; text-align:center;&quot;|Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2008 || ''[[Anthu Inthu Preethi Banthu]]'' || Neelambike ||rowspan=2|[[Kannada]] || <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2009 || ''[[Ullasa Utsaha]]'' || Geetha || rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|credited as Keerthi<br /> |-<br /> | ''Preminche Rojullo'' || Keerthy || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2010 || ''Sandadi'' || Swathi<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Jhummandi Naadam]]'' || Balu's friend <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Bheemili Kabaddi Jattu]]'' || Suri's lover || Uncredited<br /> |-<br /> | 2013 || ''[[Prema Ishq Kaadhal]]'' || Sarayu || <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2015 ||''Paddanandi Premalo Mari''|| Shravani || Telugu || <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Mahabalipuram (film)|Mahabalipuram]]'' || Mahalakshmi || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || <br /> |-<br /> | 2021 ||''[[Pelli SandaD]]''|| Janaki || Telugu ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Television==<br /> {| class = &quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Channel !! Language !! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2000 || ''[[Chakravaakam]]'' || Child Artist || Gemini || Telugu || Daily Serial<br /> |-<br /> | 2019 || ''[[Bigg Boss Telugu 3]]'' || Contestant || [[Star Maa]] || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || Reality TV series<br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || ''Sa Ma Ja Vara Ga Ma na '' || Host || [[ETV Telugu]] || Telugu || Music show<br /> |-<br /> | 2022 || ''[[Bigg Boss Telugu 6]]'' || Guest || Star Maa || Telugu || To support [[Keerthi Bhat]] &lt;br&gt; Reality TV series<br /> |-<br /> | 2024 || ''[[Bigg Boss Telugu 8]]'' || Guest || Star Maa || Telugu || Along with [[Punarnavi Bhupalam]] &lt;br&gt; Reality TV series<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb name|nm6783919/}}<br /> *{{Instagram|id=vithikasheru}}<br /> <br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sheru, Vithika}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actors from West Godavari district]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]<br /> [[Category:1994 births]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=S._T._Joshi&diff=531353 2026-04-11T01:15:27Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Created A Data - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|American literary critic (born 1958)}}<br /> {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2019}}<br /> {{BLP primary sources|date=July 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox writer<br /> | name = S. T. Joshi<br /> | image = S._T._Joshi_(2002_promotional_photo).jpg<br /> | caption = Joshi in 2002<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|6|22|mf=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Pune]], India<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | occupation = Writer<br /> | citizenship = United States<br /> | period = <br /> | genre = <br /> | subject = [[Weird fiction]]<br /> | website = {{URL|stjoshi.org}}<br /> | education = [[Brown University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Arts|MA]])<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sunand Tryambak Joshi''' (born June 22, 1958) is an American literary critic whose work has largely focused on [[weird fiction|weird]] and [[fantastic fiction]], especially the life and work of [[H.&amp;nbsp;P. Lovecraft]] and associated writers.<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> His [[literary criticism]] focuses upon the [[worldview]]s of authors. His ''The Weird Tale'' examines [[horror fiction|horror]] and fantasy writing by [[Arthur Machen]], [[Algernon Blackwood]], [[Lord Dunsany]], [[M. R. James]], [[Ambrose Bierce]], and Lovecraft.&lt;ref name=&quot;STJAuto&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=S.T. Joshi: An Autobiography |url=http://www.stjoshi.org/biography.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403202039/http://stjoshi.org/biography.html |archive-date=April 3, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> S. T. Joshi was born on June 22, 1958, in Pune, India, to [[Marathi people|Marathi]] parents Tryambak M. Joshi and Padmini T. Joshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;setiya1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Setiya |first=Kieran |date=2020 |title=Correspondence; Revisiting H. P. Lovecraft |journal=The Yale Review |language=en |volume=108 |issue=3 |page=138 |doi=10.1353/tyr.2020.0048 |issn=0044-0124 |hdl=1721.1/130173|s2cid=236895320 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1994-02-26 |title=Obituary for Tryambak M. Joshi (Aged 83) |page=15 |work=Muncie Evening Press |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83991356/obituary-for-tryambak-m-joshi-aged-83/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823170217/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83991356/obituary-for-tryambak-m-joshi-aged-83/ |archive-date=August 23, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ancestrylibrary1978&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=August 15, 1978 |title=Sunand Tryambak Joshi |url=https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/imageviewer/collections/61197/images/100007539_00435 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823173319/https://ancestrylibrary.proquest.com/aleweb/ale/do/login |archive-date=August 23, 2021 |publisher=Federal Naturalization Records, 1892–1992 |location=Indianapolis |via=Ancestry.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; When he was four, his family moved to the United States and settled in [[Indiana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;setiya1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ancestrylibrary1978&quot; /&gt; He discovered the work of Lovecraft at age 13 in a public library in [[Muncie, Indiana|Muncie]], Indiana. He also read [[L. Sprague de Camp]]'s biography of Lovecraft, ''[[Lovecraft: A Biography]]'', on publication in 1975, and began thereafter to devote himself to Lovecraft. This devotion led him to decline offers from [[Yale University|Yale]] and [[Harvard University|Harvard]] so that he could attend [[Brown University]], which is located in [[Providence, Rhode Island]] where Lovecraft had lived.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=July 8, 1977 |title=New Fans: H. P. Lovecraft Is As Good As Poe, They Say |page=11 |work=The Ludington Daily News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45766115/the-ludington-daily-news/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228023010/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45766115/the-ludington-daily-news/ |archive-date=February 28, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;oppenheimer1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Oppenheimer |first=Mark |date=2014-03-15 |title=Spreading the Word on the Power of Atheism |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/15/us/spreading-the-word-on-the-power-of-atheism.html |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|2213674612}} |archive-date=July 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709120012/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/15/us/spreading-the-word-on-the-power-of-atheism.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He is an [[atheist]].&lt;ref name=&quot;oppenheimer1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> He lives in Seattle, Washington.&lt;ref name=&quot;STJAuto&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;oppenheimer1&quot;/&gt; Joshi married Leslie Gary Boba on September 1, 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;STJAuto&quot; /&gt; They divorced in December 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=S. T. Joshi |title=Blog |url=http://stjoshi.org/news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312123740/http://stjoshi.org/news.html |archive-date=March 12, 2012 |publisher=S. T. Joshi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In August 2014, Joshi opposed the decision to retire and replace [[Gahan Wilson]]'s bust of Lovecraft as the [[World Fantasy Award]] statuette in light of a campaign highlighting Lovecraft's history of racism; Joshi returned his World Fantasy Awards in protest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |date=2015-11-11 |title=HP Lovecraft biographer rages against ditching of author as fantasy prize emblem |language=en |work=The Guardian |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/nov/11/hp-lovecraft-biographer-rages-against-ditching-of-author-as-fantasy-prize-emblem |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512201817/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/nov/11/hp-lovecraft-biographer-rages-against-ditching-of-author-as-fantasy-prize-emblem |archive-date=May 12, 2021 |eissn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Notable publications==<br /> {{BLP sources section|date=July 2021}}<br /> <br /> ===Books===<br /> *''Lord Dunsany: A Bibliography'' (1993) (co-writer: Darrell Schweitzer) <br /> *''[[H. P. Lovecraft: A Life]]'' (1996)<br /> *''[[Sixty Years of Arkham House]]: A History and Bibliography'' ([[Arkham House]], 1999) {{ISBN|9780870541766}}<br /> *''I Am Providence: The Life and Times of H. P. Lovecraft'' (2010)<br /> *''Unutterable Horror: A History of Supernatural Fiction'' (2012)<br /> *''Lord Dunsany: A Comprehensive Bibliography'' (2013)<br /> <br /> ===Edited volumes===<br /> *''[[Miscellaneous Writings (Lovecraft)|Miscellaneous Writings]]'' by H. P. Lovecraft (Arkham House, 1995).<br /> *''Documents of American Prejudice: An Anthology of Writings on Race from Thomas Jefferson to David Duke'' (Basic Books, 1999).<br /> *''[[The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories]]'' by H. P. Lovecraft (Penguin Classics No. 1, 1999).<br /> *''Atheism: A Reader'' (Prometheus Books, 2000).<br /> *''[[The Thing on the Doorstep and Other Weird Stories]]'' by H. P. Lovecraft (Penguin Classics No. 2, 2001).<br /> *''Searchers After Horror: New Tales of the Weird and Fantastic'' (Fedogan &amp; Bremer, 2002).&lt;ref&gt;Briefly reviewed in the May 2015 issue of ''[[Asimov's Science Fiction]]'', pp.107–111&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''[[The Dreams in the Witch House and Other Weird Stories]]'' by H. P. Lovecraft (Penguin Classics No. 3, 2005).<br /> *''The Short Fiction of Ambrose Bierce - Comprehensive Edition in 3 Volumes,'' edited with Lawrence I. Berkove &amp; David E. Schultz (2006).<br /> *''The Ghost in the Corner and Other Stories'' by Lord Dunsany, edited with Martin Andersson (Hippocampus Press, 2017).<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> {{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}<br /> <br /> === Literary awards ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Award !! Category !! Result !! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> !1990<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''The Weird Tale'' || [[Bram Stoker Award]] || Non-Fiction || {{nom}} ||<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1991<br /> | [[World Fantasy Award]] || Special Award – Professional || {{nom}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''John Dickson Carr: A Critical Study'' || [[Anthony Awards]] || Critical Work || {{nom}} ||<br /> |-<br /> !1996<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''H. P. Lovecraft: A Life'' || [[Bram Stoker Award]] || Non-Fiction || {{won}} ||<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1997<br /> | [[British Fantasy Award]] || Small Press || {{won}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Lord Dunsany'' || [[Mythopoeic Awards]] || Myth and Fantasy Studies || {{sho}} ||<br /> |-<br /> !1999<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''Sixty Years of Arkham House'' || [[International Horror Guild Award]] || Non-Fiction || {{nom}} ||<br /> |-<br /> !2000<br /> | [[Locus Award]] || Non-Fiction || {{won}} ||<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2006<br /> | ''Supernatural Literature of the World'' || [[World Fantasy Award]] || Special Award – Professional || {{nom}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Icons of Horror and the Supernatural'' || [[International Horror Guild Award]] || Non-Fiction || {{won}} ||<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007<br /> | ''American Supernatural Tales'' || [[International Horror Guild Award]] || Anthology || {{nom}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Warnings to the Curious'' || [[International Horror Guild Award]] || Non-Fiction || {{nom}} ||<br /> |-<br /> !2010<br /> | ''I Am Providence'' || Black Quill Award || Dark Genre Book of Non-Fiction || {{nom}} ||<br /> |-<br /> !2011<br /> | ''Black Wings of Cthulhu'' || [[World Fantasy Award]] || Anthology || {{nom}} ||<br /> |-<br /> !2012<br /> | ''Black Wings of Cthulhu 2'' || [[Shirley Jackson Award]] || Anthology || {{nom}} ||<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2013<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''Unutterable Horror Vol 1 and 2'' || [[World Fantasy Award]] || Special Award – Nonprofessional || {{won}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[World Fantasy Award]] || Special Award – Nonprofessional || {{won}} ||<br /> |-<br /> !2014<br /> | ''Lovecraft and a World in Transition'' || [[Bram Stoker Award]] || Non-Fiction || {{nom}} ||<br /> |-<br /> !2015<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''Black Wings of Cthulhu 4'' || [[Shirley Jackson Award]] || Anthology || {{nom}} ||<br /> |-<br /> !2016<br /> | [[World Fantasy Award]] || Anthology || {{nom}} ||<br /> |-<br /> !2022<br /> | ''Ramsey Campbell: Master of Weird Fiction'' || [[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] Recommended Reading || Non-Fiction || {{won}} ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Honors ===<br /> * {{awards|award= International Association for the Fantastic in the Arts |year=2003 |title= |role= |name=IAFA Distinguished Critic Award [http://wiz.cath.vt.edu/iafa/award-winners.htm#scholarship]}}<br /> * {{awards|award=World Fantasy Award |year=2005 |title= |role= |name=Special Award for Professional Scholarship [http://www.sfwa.org/News/05wfcwin.htm]}}<br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{commons-inline|Sunand Tryambak Joshi}}<br /> *{{ISFDB name}}<br /> <br /> {{World Fantasy Special Award Professional}}<br /> {{World Fantasy Special Award Non-professional}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, S. T.}}<br /> [[Category:1958 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:American literary critics]]<br /> [[Category:American male biographers]]<br /> [[Category:American book editors]]<br /> [[Category:American atheists]]<br /> [[Category:Brown University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:American people of Marathi descent]]<br /> [[Category:American male writers of Indian descent]]<br /> [[Category:H. P. Lovecraft scholars]]<br /> [[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]<br /> [[Category:American science fiction critics]]<br /> [[Category:American science fiction editors]]<br /> [[Category:World Fantasy Award–winning writers]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from Pune]]<br /> [[Category:Cthulhu Mythos writers]]<br /> [[Category:American satirists]]<br /> [[Category:American weird fiction writers]]<br /> [[Category:Weird fiction publishers]]<br /> [[Category:American critics of religions]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century American male writers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century American male writers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from Seattle]]<br /> [[Category:People from Muncie, Indiana]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adityapur_block&diff=484674 2026-04-08T11:55:48Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Creating a stub added tags</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox settlement <br /> | name = Adityapur <br /> | nickname = &lt;!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per Wikipedia:INDISCRIPT policy --&gt; <br /> | settlement_type = Community development block <br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3 <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|22.8201|N|86.0987|E|display=inline,title}} <br /> | subdivision_type = Country <br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} <br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] <br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]] <br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]] <br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Seraikela Kharsawan district|Seraikela Kharsawan]] <br /> | government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]] <br /> | unit_pref = Metric <br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 304.51 <br /> | population_total = 134717 <br /> | population_as_of = 2011 <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | leader_title1 = <br /> | leader_name1 = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages <br /> | demographics1_title1 = [[Official language|Official]] <br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]] <br /> | demographics1_title2 = Most spoken language<br /> | demographics1_info2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] <br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30 <br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] <br /> | postal_code = 831013 <br /> | area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code <br /> | area_code = 0657 <br /> | registration_plate = JH 22 <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy <br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = 71.32% <br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency <br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Singhbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Singhbhum]] <br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency <br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = [[Seraikella (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Seraikella]] <br /> | website = {{URL|seraikela.nic.in/}} <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }} <br /> '''Adityapur block''' (also referred to as Adityapur Gamharia) is a [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] that forms an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative division]] in the [[Seraikela Sadar subdivision]] of [[Seraikela Kharsawan district]], in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].<br /> <br /> ==History== <br /> The British conquered [[Kolhan division|Kolhan]] in 1837 and consequently formed a new district [[Singhbhum district|Singhbhum]] with headquarters at [[Chaibasa]]. In 1854, Singhbhum “became a non-regulation district under the jurisdiction of the Lt. Governor of Bengal”. The Rajas of Porhat/ Singhbhum, Seraikela and Kharswan held sway over their kingdoms under British protection. The native states of [[Seraikela State|Seraikela]] and [[Kharsawan State|Kharsawan]] acceded to the Indian Union in 1948. Subsequently, Singhbhum district was divided into three subdivisions – Sadar, Dhalbhum and Seraikela. In 1956, along with the [[States Reorganisation Commission|reorganisation of the states]], three police stations of [[Manbhum|Manbhum district]], namely [[Patamda#Police station|Patamda]], [[Ichagarh#Police station|Ichagarh]] and [[Chandil#Civic administration|Chandil]] were transferred to Singhbhum district. While Patamda was added to [[Dhalbhum subdivision]], Ichagarh and Chandil to [[Seraikela Sadar subdivision]]. Seraikela Kharsawan district was carved out of [[West Singhbhum district]] in 2001. The district has two subdivisions – [[Seraikela Sadar subdivision|Seraikela Sadar]] and [[Chandil subdivision|Chandil]]. The headquarters of the district is at [[Seraikela]] town.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 5-7: History – British Period |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 23 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.128750/2015.128750.Bihar-District-Gazetteers-Singhbhum_text.pdf | title = Bihar District Gazetteers - Singhbhum |first= P.C. |last=Roy Chaudhury |work= Pages 386-391: General Administration| publisher = Secretariat Press, Bihar, Patna, 1958| access-date = 23 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url= https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan| title= District Police Profile – Seraikella Kharsawan| work= Brief Summary of the District| publisher= Jharkhand Police| access-date= 23 November 2021| archive-date= 26 November 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211126112256/https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan| url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Maoist activities== <br /> According to a [[Press Information Bureau|PIB]] release in 2018, Seraikela Kharswan was not included in the list of the thirty districts most affected by [[Left wing extremism]] in the country. The list includes thirteen districts of Jharkhand.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=181336 | title = Maoist and Naxal activities in the country| work = 1 August 2018| publisher = Press Information Bureau, Government of India| access-date = 23 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Jharkhand Police has mentioned “Nimdih, Chandil, Chowka, Ichagarh, Tiruldih, Kharsawan and Kuchai” police station areas of Seraikela Kharsawan district as [[Naxalite]] affected.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan | title = District Police Profile Seraikela Kharsawan | work = Security Scenario | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 23 November 2021 | archive-date = 26 November 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211126112256/https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Hemant Soren]], Chief Minister of Jharkhand, has claimed, in September 2021, that as a result of the effective action against [[Far-left politics|left wing extremism]], the “presence of hardcore Maoists has been limited to mainly four regions, namely Parasnath Pahar, Budha Pahar, Tri-junction of Seraikela-Khunti-Chaibasa district in Kolhan division and some of the areas along the Bihar border”.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/sep/26/presence-of-maoists-limited-to-only-four-regions-in-jharkhand-claims-cm-hemant-soren-2364060.html | title= Presence of Maoists limited to only four regions in Jharkhand, claims CM Hemant Soren | date= 26 September 2021 | publisher = The New Indian Express, 26 September 2021 | access-date = 23 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geography== <br /> Chota Gamharia, a census town in Adityapur CD block, is located at {{coord|22.8201|N|86.0987|E|display=inline}}.<br /> <br /> The old and undivided Singhbhum district, of which the present Seraikela Kharsawan district was a part, has been described as “part of the southern fringe of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chotanagpur plateau]] and is a hilly upland tract. Hills are alternating with valleys, steep mountains, deep forests on the mountain slopes, and, in the river basins, some stretches of comparatively level or undulating country.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.128750/2015.128750.Bihar-District-Gazetteers-Singhbhum_text.pdf | title = Bihar District Gazetteers - Singhbhum |work= P.C. Roy Chaudhury | publisher = Secretariat Press, Bihar, Patna, 1958| access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It has an elevation range of {{convert|178-209|m}}. [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]] and [[Kharkai River|Kharkai]] are important rivers in the district.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://seraikela.nic.in/district-at-a-glance/ | title = Seraikela Kharsawan | work = District at a Glance - Geography| publisher = District administration | access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Chandil Dam]] has been built across the Subarnarekha, after Karkari River joins it.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://seraikela.nic.in/tourist-place/chandil-dam/ | title = Seraikela Kharsawan | work = Tourist Places – Chandil Dam| publisher = District administration | access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Adityapur block is bounded by the [[Chandil block|Chandil]] CD block on the north, the [[Golmuri-cum-Jugsalai block|Golmuri-cum-Jugsalai]] in the East Singhbhum district on the east, the [[Gobindpur block|Gobindpur]] CD block on the south, and the [[Seraikela block|Seraikela]] CD block on the west.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/saraikela.html | title = CD block/ Tehsil map of Saraikela Kharsawan | publisher = Maps of India | access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/purbi-singhbhum.html | title = CD block/ Tehsil map of Purbi Singhbhum | publisher = Maps of India| access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Adityapur CD block has an area of 304.51&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;ref name=census2011&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2024_PART_B_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikela Khasawan, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Location Code: 0258, Pages 26-27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 21 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Adityapur#Civic administration|Adityapur]] and [[Chota Gamahria#Civic administration|Gamharia]] police stations serve Adityapur CD block.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan | title = District Police Profile – Seraikella Kharsawan | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 21 November 2021 | archive-date = 26 November 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211126112256/https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The headquarters of Adityapur CD block is located at [[Adityapur]] town.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Seraikela Kharsawan district on the fifth page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 21 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> <br /> ===Population=== <br /> According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Adityapur CD block had a total population of 134,717, of which 119,055 were rural and 15,662 were urban. There were 69,267 (51%) males and 65,450 (49%) females. The population in the age range 0–6 years was 19,388. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 8,677 (6.44%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 40,317 (29.93%).&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Census town]]s in Adityapur CD block are (2011 population figure in brackets): [[Kandra]] (8,157) and [[Chota Gamahria]] (7,505).&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Literacy=== <br /> According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Adityapur CD block was 82,255 (71.32% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 48,630 (82.01% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 33,625 (60.01% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 22.00%.&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> {{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Seraikela Kharsawan district was 68.85%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_jharkhand.html | title= Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand |work= Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India | access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.&lt;ref name=&quot;censusindia.gov.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |title=Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011|work= Page 110| publisher=Government of India| access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]<br /> <br /> {{Literacy in CD Blocks of Seraikela Kharsawan district|collapsible=y}}<br /> <br /> ===Language and religion===<br /> <br /> {{Pie chart <br /> |caption = Languages in Adityapur CD block (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;language&quot;/&gt;<br /> |label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 40.72 |color1 = orchid<br /> |label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2= 16.24 |color2 = orange<br /> |label3 = [[Santali language|Santali]]|value3= 10.85 |color3= darkturquoise<br /> |label4 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value4 = 8.74 |color4 = gold<br /> |label5 = [[Odia language|Odia]] |value5 = 7.24 |color5= saddlebrown<br /> |label6 = [[Ho language|Ho]] |value6 = 5.03 |color6 = deepskyblue<br /> |label7 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]] |value7 = 3.45 |color7 = mistyrose<br /> |label8 = [[Magahi language|Magahi]] |value8 = 2.90 |color8 = crimson<br /> |label9 = [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]] |value9 = 1.07 |color9 = indianred<br /> |label10 = Others |value10 = 3.76 |color10 = grey<br /> }}<br /> <br /> According to the ''Population by Mother Tongue 2011'' data, in the Adityapur subdistrict (including Adityapur statutory town), [[Bengali language|Bengali]] was the mother-tongue of 125,851 persons forming 40.72% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) [[Hindi]] (90,052 / 29.14%), [[Santali language|Santali]] (36,677/ 11.87%), [[Odiya language|Odiya]] (22,391/ 7.24), [[Ho language|Ho]] (15,558/ 5.03), [[Maithili language|Maithili]](10,655/ 3.45%),[[Urdu]] (1,603/0.52%) [[Mundari language|Mundari]] (1,236 / 0.40%), [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], (1,187/ 0.38%), [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] (531/ 0.17%) and persons with other languages as mother-tongue (3,331/ 1.08%). ‘Other languages’ included 213 persons having [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], 430 persons having [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 230 persons having [[Bhumij language|Bhumij]], 330 persons having [[Munda languages|Munda]] as mother-tongue. Persons with Hindi as their mother-tongue included 27,004 persons having [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], 8,997 persons having [[Magahi language|Magadhi/Magahi]], 247 persons having [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]], 258 persons having [[Panchpargania]], 461 persons having [[Marwari language]], 342 persons having [[Rajasthani language]] as mother-tongue.&lt;ref name=&quot;language&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10207/download/13319/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Note: An attempt has been made to include all language groups each with at least 500 persons as their mother-tongue and only those groups with less than 500 persons as their mother-tongue are included in the “other languages” category. Comparatively smaller language groups with 200+ persons as their mother-tongue are mentioned in the text. Many languages have sub-groups. Those who are interested can see the reference for more details.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Hindi]] is the [[official language]] in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.&lt;ref name=&quot;langoff&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=19 November 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{bar box<br /> |title=Religion in Adityapur CD block (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;Religion&quot;/&gt;<br /> |titlebar=#FCD116<br /> |left1=<br /> |float=left<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|82.31}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Sarnaism|Sarna]]|maroon|13.43}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|3.02}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Christianity in Jharkhand|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.62}}<br /> {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.62}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> According to the ''Population by Religious Communities 2011'' data, in the Adityapur subdistrict (including Adityapur statutory town), [[Hindus]] numbered 254,387 and formed 82.31% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) [[Muslims]] (9,320/ 3.02%), Other religious communities (42,558/ 13.77), [[Christians]] (1,906/ 0.62%), and persons who did not state their religion (901/ 0.29%).&lt;ref name=&quot;Religion&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Jharkhand |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11377/download/14490/DDW20C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Seraikela Kharsawan district, [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 255,626 and formed 24.00% of the total population. The larger groups within the scheduled tribes, with percentage of the ST population, were [[Santal people|Santals]] 50.80%, [[Ho people|Ho]] 34.87%, [[Munda people|Mundas, Patars]] 17.60% and [[Kurukh people|Oraons, Bhangar Oraons]] 4.12%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Seraikella-Kharswan, Series 21, Part XII A, 2011 Census | work = Page 30: Note on Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> ===Overview=== <br /> 70-80% of the population of Seraikela Kharsawan district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 1 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011–12, the proportion of BPL population in Seraikela Kharsawan district came down to 33.6%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html| title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Mint | access-date = 1 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), &quot;the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state. | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data| publisher = MPRA| access-date = 1 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Livelihood===<br /> <br /> {{Pie chart <br /> |caption= '''Livelihood&lt;br/&gt;in Adityapur CD block''' <br /> |value1 = 9.96 <br /> |label1 = Cultivators <br /> |value2 = 6.89 <br /> |label2 = Agricultural labourers <br /> |value3 = 1.96 <br /> |label3 = Household industries <br /> |value4 = 81.19 <br /> |label4 = Other Workers}}<br /> <br /> In Adityapur CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 9,935 and formed 9.96%, agricultural labourers numbered 6,879 and formed 6.89%, household industry workers numbered 1,956 and formed 1.96% and other workers numbered 81,025 and formed 81.19%. Total workers numbered 99,795 and formed 32.29% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 209,277 and formed 67.71% of the population.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Tables 30 and 33, pages 50-51, 54 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Infrastructure=== <br /> There are 187 inhabited villages in Adityapur CD block. In 2011, 168 villages had power supply. 20 villages had tap water, 180 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 170 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 13 villages had post offices, 9 villages had sub post offices, 9 villages had telephone (land line), 98 villages had mobile phone coverage. 185 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 14 villages had bus service (public/ private), 4 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 9 villages had taxi/ vans, 48 villages had tractors. 10 villages had bank branches, 11 villages had agricultural credit societies, 1 village had public library and reading room, 40 villages had availability of newspapers, 66 villages had [[public distribution system|ration shops]], 6 villages had weekly [[Haat bazaar|haat]], 68 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 558-561, Appendix I Village Directory |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Backward Regions Grant Fund=== <br /> Seraikela Kharsawan district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is ”designed to redress regional imbalances in development”. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 25 September 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 25 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport== <br /> {{Infobox rail line<br /> | box_width = 28em<br /> | name = Tatanagar-Bilaspur line<br /> | color = <br /> | logo = <br /> | logo_width = <br /> | image =<br /> | image_width = <br /> | caption = <br /> | type = <br /> | system = <br /> | status = <br /> | locale = <br /> | start = <br /> | end =<br /> | stations = <br /> | routes = <br /> | daily_ridership = <br /> | open = <br /> | close = <br /> | owner = <br /> | operator = <br /> | character = <br /> | depot = <br /> | stock = <br /> | linelength = <br /> | tracklength = <br /> | tracks = <br /> | gauge =<br /> | old_gauge = <br /> | minradius = <br /> | racksystem = <br /> | electrification = <br /> | speed = <br /> | elevation = <br /> | website = <br /> | map = {{Tatanagar-Bilaspur section|inline=1}}<br /> | map_state = collapsed<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The [[Tatanagar-Bilaspur section]] of the [[Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line]] passes through Adityapur, [[Seraikela block|Seraikela]] and [[Kharsawan block|Kharsawan]] CD blocks of Seraikela Kharsawan district. There are stations at Adityapur, Gamharia, Birbans, Sini, Mahali Marup and Rajkharsawan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/all/3140/168/182 | title = 58113 Tatanagar-Bilaspur Passenger | work = Time Table | publisher = IndiaRailInfo | access-date = 29 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Asansol–Tatanagar–Kharagpur line|collapse=yes}} <br /> The [[Asansol-Tatanagar-Kharagpur line]] passes through Adityapur and [[Chandil block|Chandil]] CD blocks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/tatanagar-barkakana-passenger-58023/6494/168/1219 | title= Tatanagar-Barkakana Passenger | work= Time Table |publisher= IndiaRailInfo| access-date = 29 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education== <br /> Adityapur CD block had 22 villages with pre-primary schools, 145 villages with primary schools, 65 villages with middle schools, 14 villages with secondary schools, 1 village with senior secondary school, 40 villages with no educational facility.&lt;ref name=directory&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 558-559, Appendix I Village Directory |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 27 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Arka Jain University]], is a private university at Mohanpur, Gamharia, established in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://arkajainuniversity.ac.in | title = Arka Jain University | publisher = AJU | access-date = 1 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://collegedunia.com/college/15904-arka-jain-university-jamshedpur#a | title = Arka Jain University Jamshedpur| publisher = College Dunia | access-date = 1 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> MSME Tool Room (Indo Danish Tool Room), Jamshedpur Main Centre, located at Gamharia, offers diploma, certificate and skill development programmes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Indo Danish Tool Room &amp;#124; MSME Tool Room &amp;#124; Jamshedpur|url=http://www.idtr.gov.in/|access-date=1 December 2021|website=idtr.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> XITE (Xavier Institute of Tribal Education) College was established at Gamharia by the Jamshedpur Jesuit Society in 2003.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://xite.ac.in//about-us/ | title = XITE College | publisher = XITE| access-date = 3 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.indcareer.com/jharkhand/purbi-singhbhum/xavier-institute-tribal-education-xite-gamharia | title = Xavier Institute of Tribal Education XITE Gamharia | publisher = IND Career | access-date = 3 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Healthcare== <br /> Adityapur CD block had 1 village with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]], 11 villages with primary health subcentres, 2 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 3 villages with allopathic hospitals, 1 village with a dispensary, 3 villages with family welfare centres, 42 villages with medicine shops.&lt;ref name=directory/&gt; <br /> &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> == References == <br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Blocks of Seraikela Kharsawan district}} <br /> {{Kolhan Division topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Community development blocks in Seraikela Kharsawan district]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Awangbow_Newmai&diff=488485 2026-04-08T05:01:26Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Creating initial data w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian politician|bot=PearBOT 5}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | honorific_prefix = <br /> | name = Awangbow Newmai<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = 31 December 1968<br /> | birth_place = Takou Village, Manipur<br /> | office2 = [[Manipur Legislative Assembly|Member of the Manipur Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency2 = [[Tamei (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamei]]<br /> | term_start2 = 2017<br /> | term_end2 = &lt;!-- fill this only after his term ends --&gt;<br /> | predecessor2 = [[Kikhonbou Newmai|Z Kikhonbou Newmai]]<br /> | successor2 = <br /> | party = [[Naga People's Front]]<br /> | spouse = Asenliu Newmai<br /> | children = Adinliu, Sithuiliu, Diphubou Nj<br /> | father = Namrang Newmai<br /> | education = M.A. (Anthropology)<br /> | alma_mater = [[North-Eastern Hill University]]<br /> | profession = Social Worker<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | date = <br /> <br /> | <br /> | year = <br /> <br /> | <br /> | source = <br /> | office = Minister for Water Resources and Relief &amp; Disaster Management &lt;br/&gt; [[Government of Manipur]]<br /> | term_start = 2022<br /> | term_end = 2025<br /> | office1 = Minister of Environment, Forest, Climate change and Sericulture&lt;br/&gt; [[Government of Manipur]]<br /> | term_start1 = 2020<br /> | term_end1 = 2022<br /> }}<br /> '''Awangbow Newmai''' is an Indian politician and the President of [[Naga People's Front]] State Unit in [[Manipur]]. He was elected to the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]] from [[Tamei (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamei]] in [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2007]] as an Independent Candidate and as [[Naga People's Front]] Candidate in the [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2017]], and [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]], respectively. In 2022 March 21 he was sworn in [[Second Biren Singh ministry|N. Biren Singh Second ministry]] as Minister for Water Resources and Relief &amp; Disaster Management. He was former Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (2020-2022) in [[First N. Biren Singh ministry|N. Biren Singh first ministry]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Awangbow Newmai |url=https://myneta.info/manipur2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=269 |website=My Neta |access-date=22 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2020/5/29/Imphal-May-29-DIPR-Naga-People-s-Front-MLA-Awangbow-Newmai-was-today-sworn-in-as-a-Cabinet-Minister-at-a-ceremony-held-at-the-Banquet-Hall-Raj-Bhavan-Governor-D-Najma-Heptulla-administered-the-o.html|title=Awangbow Newmai takes oath as Minister|website=www.thesangaiexpress.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=N Biren takes oath as Chief Minister |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/n-biren-singh-takes-oath-as-chief-minister-of-manipur-again/articleshow/90363603.cms |access-date=22 March 2022 |agency=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Newmai, Awangbow}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Manipur MLAs 2022–2027]]<br /> [[Category:Manipur MLAs 2017–2022]]<br /> [[Category:Naga People's Front politicians]]<br /> [[Category:1968 births]]<br /> [[Category:People from Tamenglong district]]<br /> [[Category:North-Eastern Hill University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Independent politicians in India]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Manipur-politician-stub}}</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adutha_Veettu_Penn&diff=484723 2026-04-05T15:50:18Z

<p>JulianaThurston: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1960 film by Vedantam Raghavayya}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Adutha Veettu Penn<br /> | image = Adutha Veettu Penn poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Vedantam Raghavayya]]<br /> | screenplay = [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass|Thanjai Ramaiah Dass]]<br /> | story = Arun Chowdhury<br /> | producer = [[P. Adinarayana Rao|Adi Narayana Rao]]<br /> | starring = [[Anjali Devi]]&lt;br /&gt;[[T. R. Ramachandran]]&lt;br /&gt;[[K. A. Thangavelu]]<br /> | cinematography = C. Nageswara Rao<br /> | editing = N. S. Prakasam<br /> | music = P. Adinarayana Rao<br /> | studio = [[Anjali Pictures]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|1960|02|11|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 145 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Adutha Veettu Penn''''' ({{translation|The Girl Next Door}}) is a 1960 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mohan |first=Ashutosh |date=11 February 2020 |title=Tamil Cinema And The Evolution Of The Romcom |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-cinema-and-the-evolution-of-the-romcom |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200412065841/https://www.filmcompanion.in/tamil-cinema-and-the-evolution-of-the-romcom/ |archive-date=12 April 2020 |access-date=12 April 2020 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; directed by [[Vedantam Raghavayya]] and written by [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]]. The film stars [[Anjali Devi]] (who co-produced the film with her husband, composer [[P. Adinarayana Rao]]), [[T. R. Ramachandran]] and [[K. A. Thangavelu]]. It is a remake of the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ''[[Pasher Bari]]'' (1952), itself based on the namesake short story by Arun Chowdhury. In ''Adutha Veettu Penn'', a simple man wants to impress a woman he loves by singing, but since he cannot, his friend, a singer, sings in secret while the simple man merely [[lip sync]]s, and wins the woman's love. The film was released on 11 February 1960, and became a success.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> {{more plot|date=May 2021}}<br /> Mannaru, a simple man, falls in love with his wealthy neighbour Leela, who sings and dances well. He wants to impress her by singing, but he cannot sing. So he seeks the help of his friend, a singer who agrees. While the friend sings in secret, Mannaru merely [[lip sync]]s. Leela is charmed by what she thinks is Mannaru singing and falls in love with him. Soon the truth comes out, and the rest of the film deals with how the tangle between the lovers is solved.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> Adapted from the film's songbook and opening credits:&lt;ref name=&quot;song book&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;movie&quot; /&gt;<br /> ;Male cast<br /> {{Cast listing|* [[T. R. Ramachandran]] as Mannaru<br /> * [[K. A. Thangavelu]] as the singer<br /> * [[K. Sarangapani]] as Mannaru's uncle<br /> * [[M. R. Santhanam]]<br /> * Pakkirisami<br /> * L. Narayana Rao as Saroja's father<br /> * [[A. Karunanidhi]] as friend<br /> * [[P. D. Sambandam]] as the marriage broker<br /> * Friend Ramsami as friend<br /> * S. Venkataraman as friend<br /> * K. Ramu, K. Chetty, P. Ramachandra Rao}}<br /> <br /> ;Female cast<br /> {{Cast listing|* [[Anjali Devi]] as Leela<br /> * [[C. T. Rajakantham]] as Leela's mother<br /> * [[M. Saroja]] as Leela's friend<br /> * Balakumari<br /> * [[T. P. Muthulakshmi]] as Saroja<br /> * Madhuri <br /> * Ranjitham, Radharani (as Julius Caesar in ‘Mannava Va’ Song), Rita}}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> ''Adutha Veettu Penn'' is a remake of the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ''[[Pasher Bari]]'' (1952), itself based on the namesake short story by Arun Chowdhury.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vamanan |author-link=Vamanan |date=23 April 2018 |title=Tamil cinema's bong connection |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/tamil-cinemas-bong-connection/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228093357/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/tamil-cinemas-bong-connection/ |archive-date=28 February 2019 |access-date=29 September 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was produced by [[Anjali Devi]] (who also starred as the female lead) and her husband [[P. Adinarayana Rao]], who also composed the music.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot; /&gt; Anjali Devi reprised her role from ''Pasher Bari''{{'}}s [[Telugu language|Telugu]] adaptation ''[[Pakka Inti Ammayi]]'' (1953).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=29 September 2013 |title=Pakkinti Ammayi (1953) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/pakkinti-ammayi-1953/article5180279.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227035810/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/pakkinti-ammayi-1953/article5180279.ece |archive-date=27 December 2018 |access-date=27 December 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film's animated opening credits were created by Dayabhai Patel.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot; /&gt; The screenplay was written by [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]], cinematography was handled by C. Nageswara Rao, and the editing by N. S. Prakasam.&lt;ref name=&quot;movie&quot; /&gt; While primarily in black and white, the film was partly coloured using [[Gevacolor]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 April 1959 |title=Adutha Veettu Penn |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&amp;dat=19590424&amp;printsec=frontpage&amp;hl=en |access-date=24 February 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its final length was {{Convert|16887|feet|metres}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;lakshmansruthi&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Influences ==<br /> Although the opening credits of ''Adutha Veettu Penn'' acknowledge the source film ''Pasher Bari'',&lt;ref name=&quot;movie&quot; /&gt; Saritha Rao Rayachoti (writing for [[Scroll.in]]) opines that it has some similarities with [[Edmond Rostand]]'s play ''[[Cyrano de Bergerac (play)|Cyrano de Bergerac]]'', in which the male lead Cyrano loves his cousin Roxane but feels he is not worthy of her due to his large nose; so he romances her by proxy, i.e. he writes her love letters for which another man, Christian de Neuvillette, claims credit at Cyrano's request. According to Rayachoti, the film eschewed the play's [[tragedy]] elements in favour of [[romantic comedy]] overtones.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rayachoti |first=Saritha Rao |date=26 November 2018 |title='Cyrano de Bergerac' is the gift that keeps giving, whether it's 'Padosan' or 'Bareilly Ki Barfi' |url=https://scroll.in/reel/901796/cyrano-de-bergerac-is-the-gift-that-keeps-giving-whether-its-padosan-or-bareilly-ki-barfi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181226033403/https://scroll.in/reel/901796/cyrano-de-bergerac-is-the-gift-that-keeps-giving-whether-its-padosan-or-bareilly-ki-barfi |archive-date=26 December 2018 |access-date=26 December 2018 |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The soundtrack album was composed by [[P. Adinarayana Rao]],&lt;ref name=&quot;song book&quot; /&gt; with lyrics were by [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Adutha Veettu Penn |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/adutha-veettu-penn-mw0001359479 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181226035252/https://www.allmusic.com/album/adutha-veettu-penn-mw0001359479 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |access-date=19 September 2015 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song &quot;Vanitha Maniye&quot; is set in the [[Hamsadhvani]] raga,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=1 March 2013 |title=A bright start |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-bright-start/article4465608.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303173615/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-bright-start/article4465608.ece |archive-date=3 March 2013 |access-date=23 September 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=165}} while &quot;Kannale Pesi Pesi Kolladhe&quot; is set in [[Keeravani]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Saravanan |first=T. |date=20 September 2013 |title=Ragas hit a high |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/ragas-hit-a-high/article5149905.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181226035819/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/ragas-hit-a-high/article5149905.ece |archive-date=26 December 2018 |access-date=26 December 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and &quot;Kangalum Kavi Paaduthe&quot; is set in [[Hindolam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 December 2018 |title=Know your raga: Hindolam – Soulful swaras |url=https://newstodaynet.com/index.php/2018/12/12/know-your-raga-hindolam-soulful-swaras/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226042728/https://newstodaynet.com/index.php/2018/12/12/know-your-raga-hindolam-soulful-swaras/ |archive-date=26 December 2018 |access-date=26 December 2018 |work=[[News Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=136}} The album was a major breakthrough for [[P. B. Sreenivas]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Saqaf |first=Syed Muthahar |date=18 April 2013 |title=His voice will never fade |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/his-voice-will-never-fade/article4629794.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227043259/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/his-voice-will-never-fade/article4629794.ece |archive-date=27 December 2018 |access-date=27 December 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; who sang five of the film's songs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=3 October 1997 |title=Golden voice of a glorious era |url=http://kommu.tripod.com/articles/pbs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227043836/http://kommu.tripod.com/articles/pbs.html |archive-date=27 December 2018 |access-date=27 December 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=27}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to ''[[The Hindu]]''{{'}}s B. Kolappan, the film &quot;proved beyond doubt that Sreenivas was going to secure an established place in Tamil film music.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kolappan |first=B. |date=14 April 2013 |title=Veteran singer PBS passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/veteran-singer-pbs-passes-away/article4617069.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227171657/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/veteran-singer-pbs-passes-away/article4617069.ece |archive-date=27 December 2018 |access-date=27 December 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singers !! Length<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Maalaiyil Malar Solaiyil&quot; || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || 03:30<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Mannava Vaa&quot; || [[P. Susheela]] || 04:30<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Sayonaaraa Tokyo&quot; ||P. B. Sreenivas, [[S. Janaki]]|| 03:18<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Katraar Niraindha Sangamidhu&quot; || [[A. L. Raghavan]] || 03:32<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kannale Pesi Pesi Kolladhe&quot; || P. B. Sreenivas || 03:27<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kangalum Kavi Paadudhe&quot; || [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]], [[Thiruchi Loganathan]]|| 03:09<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Malarkodi Naane&quot; || P. Susheela || 03:15<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kaiyyum Odala Kaalum Odala&quot; || S. C. Krishnan, [[T. V. Rathnam]]|| 03:07<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Vaadaatha Pushpame.... Vanithaa Maniye&quot; || P. B. Sreenivas || 02:48<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kanni Thamizh&quot; || P. Susheela || 04:02<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Enakkaga Neeye&quot; || P. Susheela, P. B. Sreenivas|| 04:02<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> ''Adutha Veettu Penn'' was released on 11 February 1960.&lt;ref name=&quot;lakshmansruthi&quot; /&gt; A review from the magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'', dated 27 March 1960, called the film a must-watch for the comedy and dance sequences which were in colour.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=முனுசாமி |last2=மாணிக்கம் |date=27 March 1960 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: அடுத்த வீட்டுப் பெண் |url=https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2009-sep-09/vikatan-pokkisham/41570.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627091157/https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2009-sep-09/vikatan-pokkisham/41570.html |archive-date=27 June 2018 |access-date=26 December 2018 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' said no one could have done the role of Mannaru better than Ramachandran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=13 March 1960 |title=அடுத்த வீட்டுப் பெண் |url=https://ibb.co/4gYv128 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122033138/https://ibb.co/4gYv128 |archive-date=22 November 2022 |access-date=22 November 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=73 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to historian [[Randor Guy]], it was a major commercial success primarily because of its full-length situational comedy, then a rarity in Indian cinema and more so in Tamil.&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;song book&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNb001UXhfOFJGR1k/view |title=அடுத்த வீட்டுப் பெண் |publisher=[[Anjali Pictures]] |year=1960 |language=ta |type=[[song book]] |url-access=registration}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;movie&quot;&gt;{{Cite AV media |title=Adutha Veettu Penn |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Anjali Pictures]] |year=1960 |time=0:00 to 4:35 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;lakshmansruthi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1960 – அடுத்த வீட்டுபெண் – அஞ்சலி பிக். படோசன் (இ) – பக்க இண்டி அமம்மாயி (தெ) பஷீர் பேட்டி (பெ). |trans-title=1960 – Adutha Veettu Penn – Anjali Pic. Padosan (hi) – Pakka Inti Ammayi (te) Pashir Bari (be). |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1960-cinedetails1.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923074541/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1960-cinedetails1.asp |archive-date=23 September 2017 |access-date=23 September 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=7 September 2013 |title=Adutha Veettu Penn 1960 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/adutha-veettu-penn-1960/article5104325.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908103335/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/adutha-veettu-penn-1960/article5104325.ece |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=7 September 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;/references&gt;<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |location=Chennai |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br /> {{Vedantam Raghavayya}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1960 films]]<br /> [[Category:1960 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1960 romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:1960 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about fraud]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on adaptations]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on Indian short stories]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Vedantam Raghavayya]]<br /> [[Category:Films partially in color]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by P. Adinarayana Rao]]<br /> [[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil remakes of Bengali films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dance_Jodi_Dance_Reloaded&diff=495485 2026-04-05T03:10:59Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | native_name = <br /> | image = Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded.webp<br /> | genre = [[Reality]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Dance show]]<br /> | creator = <br /> | based_on = <br /> | screenplay = <br /> | presenter = {{ubl|<br /> * RJ Vijay (Main)<br /> * [[Manimegalai]] (S3)<br /> * Keerthi Shanthanu (S1, Epi: 1-2)<br /> }}<br /> | judges = {{ubl|<br /> * [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]]<br /> * [[Sangeetha Krish]]<br /> * [[Baba Bhaskar]] (S1-S2)<br /> * [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] (S3)<br /> }}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | num_seasons = 3<br /> | num_episodes = 36 (S1) &lt;br&gt; 34 (S2) &lt;br&gt; 40 (S3)<br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | producer = <br /> | company = Monk Studios<br /> | theme_music_composer = <br /> | opentheme = <br /> | music = <br /> | cinematography = <br /> | editor = <br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = approx. 55-60 minutes per episode<br /> | channel = [[Zee Tamil]]<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2022|7|30}}<br /> | last_aired = present<br /> | related = [[Dance Jodi Dance]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded''' is a 2022 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language reality television [[dance competition]] show and is part of ''[[Dance Jodi Dance]]''. It began broadcasting on [[Zee Tamil]] from 30 July 2022.<br /> <br /> The first season of Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded started on 30 July 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-2-to-premiere-on-soon-details-inside/articleshow/103047139.cms|title='Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 2' to premiere on soon|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=25 August 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The second season was released on 23 December 2023. The third season is scheduled to be released on March 1, 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=https://mediabrief.com/zee-tamil-set-to-launch-reality-show-dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-3/|title=Zee Tamil set to launch reality show, Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 3|website=mediabrief.com|date=25 August 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Seasons overview==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;padding: 0 8px&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Season<br /> ! style=&quot;padding: 0 8px&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Episodes<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Original Broadcast<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Winner<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1st Runner up <br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;padding: 0 8px&quot; | First Aired<br /> ! style=&quot;padding: 0 8px&quot; | Last Aired<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background:#E0C56E&quot;|<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''[[#Season 1|1]]'''<br /> | 36<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| {{start date|df=yes|2022|07|30}}<br /> |{{end date|df=yes|2022|12|11}}<br /> |style=&quot;background:cyan;&quot; | Vaishnavi &amp; Avinash<br /> |style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; | Dominic &amp; Preetha<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background:#0000A0&quot;|<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''[[#Season 2|2]]'''<br /> | 34<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| {{start date|df=yes|2023|12|23}}<br /> |{{end date|df=yes|2024|04|14}}<br /> |style=&quot;background:cyan;&quot; | Akshatha &amp; Naveen <br /> |style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; | Ibrahim &amp; Akshitha Ashok <br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background:green&quot;|<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| '''[[#Season 3|3]]'''<br /> | 40<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| {{start date|df=yes|2025|3|1}}<br /> |{{end date|df=y|2025|7|20}}<br /> |style=&quot;background:cyan;&quot; | Nithin &amp; Ditya Bhande<br /> |style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; | Thillai &amp; Preetha<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Season 1 ==<br /> It started on 30 July 2022 and ended on 11 December 2022 with Vaishnavi and Avinash as the winners.&lt;ref name=&quot;Winners&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thesportsgrail.com/zee-tamil-dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-2022-grand-finale-winner-runner-up-name-and-prize-money/|title=Zee Tamil Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 2022 Grand Finale Winner, Runner Up Name And Prize Money|website=thesportsgrail.com |date=12 December 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The judges were [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]], [[Sangeetha Krish]] and [[Baba Bhaskar]] with RJ Vijay as the host.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/zee-tamil-reality-show-dance-jodi-dance-season-4-update-in-tamil-483529/|title=நடுவர்களாக சினேகா, பாபா பாஸ்கர் … ஜீ தமிழின் டான்ஸ் ஜோடி டான்ஸ் சீசன் 4 அறிவிப்பு|website=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The grand finale consisted of two rounds. The final episode was aired 3 hours on 11 December 2022, and ended with 36 Episodes. Several guests that included in the grand finale are [[Sivakarthikeyan]], [[Robo Shankar]] and Amir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=https://tamil.examsdaily.in/zee-tamil-dance-jodi-dance-season-4-grand-final-chief-guest/|title=பிரமாண்டமாக நடக்கவுள்ள ஜீ தமிழ் &quot;டான்ஸ் ஜோடி டான்ஸ்&quot; இறுதி சுற்று – சிறப்பு விருந்தினராக பிரபல நடிகர்!|website=tamil.examsdaily.in|date=6 December 2022|language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;u&gt;'''''Prize Winners:'''''&lt;/u&gt;<br /> * '''Title Winners of Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded''' : Vaishnavi &amp; Avinash (₹5,00,000)&lt;ref name=&quot;Winners&quot; /&gt;<br /> * '''1st Runner-up''' : Dominic &amp; Preetha (₹3,00,000)<br /> * '''2nd Runner-up''' : Kenny &amp; Niharika (₹2,00,000)<br /> <br /> === Top 4 Contestants (Finalist) ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> !style=&quot;width:140pt; background:#C1D8FF;&quot;| Name<br /> !style=&quot;width:80pt; background:#C1D8FF;&quot;| Result<br /> !style=&quot;width:60pt; background:#C1D8FF;&quot;| Place<br /> |-<br /> | Vaishnavi &amp; Avinash<br /> | {{won|Winner}}<br /> | 1st<br /> |-<br /> | Dominic &amp; Preetha<br /> | {{Runner-up|1st Runner-up}}<br /> | 2nd<br /> |-<br /> | Kenny &amp; Niharika<br /> | style=&quot;background:#7FFFD4;&quot; | 2nd Runner-up<br /> | 3rd<br /> |-<br /> | Akila &amp; Britto Mano <br /> | style=&quot;background:#DDA0DD;&quot; | 3rd Runner-up<br /> | 4th<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Contestants ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;width:20pt; background:#C1D8FF;&quot;| #<br /> !style=&quot;width:130pt; background:#C1D8FF;&quot;| Contestants <br /> !style=&quot;width:160pt; background:#C1D8FF;&quot;| Celebrity partner<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |Dominic<br /> |Preetha Suresh<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |Janmoni Doley<br /> |Anand Pandi<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |Akila<br /> |Britto Mano<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |Vaishnavi<br /> |[[Puvi (actor)|Puvi Arasu]] / Avinash<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |Pasupathi<br /> |Rhema Ashok<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |Saravana<br /> |Sree Nidhi<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |Nagaraj<br /> |Pranika Dhakshu / Akshitha<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |Sahana<br /> |Yokesh<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |Saravana Muthu<br /> | VJ Sangeetha/ Dheeshika<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |Kenny <br /> |Saai Gayathri / Niharika<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |Namrytha<br /> |Sugi Vijay<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |Manikandan<br /> |Vaishali Thaniga<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Guest ===<br /> * Episode 1: [[Oviya]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/zee-tamil-dance-jodi-season-4-oviya-sneha-sangeetha-baba-baskar.html|title=ஓவியா, சினேகா, சங்கீதா, பாபா பாஸ்கர்... பிரபல சேனலில் கோலாகலமாக தொடங்கிய நடன நிகழ்ச்சி.!|website=tamil.behindwoods.com |date=25 July 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Episode 3: [[Prabhu Deva]]<br /> * Episode 3: [[Jiiva]]<br /> * Episode 11: [[Arya (actor)|Arya]]<br /> * Episode 22: [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]<br /> <br /> == Season 2 ==<br /> {{Infobox television season<br /> | bg_colour = #add8e6<br /> | season_name = Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded<br /> | season_number = 2<br /> | image =<br /> | module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season<br /> | judges = [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] &lt;br&gt; Baba Bhaskar &lt;br&gt; [[Sangeetha Krish]]<br /> | host = RJ Vijay<br /> | num_contestants = <br /> | winner = Akshatha &amp; Naveen<br /> }}<br /> | num_episodes = 34<br /> | network = [[Zee Tamil]]<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2023|12|23}}<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2024|4|14}}<br /> | prev_season = [[#Season 1|Season 1]]<br /> | next_season = [[Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded season 3|Season 3]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The second season of Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded airs on every Saturday and Sunday at 19:00 PM on [[Zee Tamil]] from 23 December 2023, and streams on [[Zee5]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Tamil |first1=Hindu |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/1172385-dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-2-on-zee-tamil-channel.html|title=ஜீ தமிழ் சேனலில் டான்ஸ் ஜோடி டான்ஸ் ரீலோடட் 2|website=www.hindutamil.in|date=23 December 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; RJ Vijay return as host for this season.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-reality-show-dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-2-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/102807898.cms|title=New reality show 'Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 2' to premiere soon|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 August 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The judging panel for this season includes four judges: one choreographer Baba Bhaskar, and two film actress, [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] and [[Sangeetha Krish]] and one film director, screenwriter and actor [[S. J. Suryah]] as special guest for episode 1.<br /> <br /> The grand finale consisted of two rounds. The final episode was aired 3 hours on 14 April 2024, and ended with 34 Episodes. Several guests that included in the grand finale are [[Raghava Lawrence]], Ashok Raja and [[Sridhar (choreographer)|Sridhar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/raghava-lawren-sridhar-and-ashok-raja-to-grace-the-grand-finale-dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-2-as-guest-judges-deets-inside/articleshow/109189053.cms|title=Raghava Lawren, Sridhar and Ashok Raja to grace the grand finale 'Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 2' as guest judges|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 April 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The season title winner are Akshatha and Naveen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-2-grand-finale-akshatha-naveen-lifts-the-trophy-wins-cash-reward-rs-5-lakh/articleshow/109298704.cms|title=Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 2 grand finale: Akshatha-Naveen lifts the trophy; wins cash reward Rs 5 lakh|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 April 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;u&gt;'''''Prize Winners:'''''&lt;/u&gt;<br /> * '''Title Winners of Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 2''' : Akshatha &amp; Naveen (₹5,00,000)<br /> * '''1st Runner-up''' : Ibrahim &amp; Akshitha Ashok (₹3,00,000)<br /> * '''2nd Runner-up''' : Gowri Gopan &amp; Vivek Rajgopal (₹2,00,000)<br /> <br /> === Guest ===<br /> * Episode 1, 2: [[S. J. Suryah]]<br /> * Episode 5, 6: [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]], [[Krish (singer)|Krish]]<br /> * Episode 6, 7: [[Raghava Lawrence]]<br /> * Episode 12, 13: [[Shanthanu Bhagyaraj]], [[Ashok Selvan]], [[Keerthi Pandian]]<br /> * Episode 15: [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]]<br /> * Episode 22, 23: [[Namitha]]<br /> * Episode 24, 25: [[Sridhar (choreographer)|Sridhar]], [[Dinesh (choreographer)|Dinesh]], Ashok Raja<br /> <br /> === Contestants ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;width:20pt; background:#C1D8FF;&quot;| #<br /> !style=&quot;width:130pt; background:#C1D8FF;&quot;| Contestants <br /> !style=&quot;width:160pt; background:#C1D8FF;&quot;| Celebrity partner<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |Guru Smaran<br /> |[[Riya Vishwanathan]]<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |John Edwin<br /> |Risha Jacobs<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |Sureshkumar<br /> |Hemadayal<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |Poornima<br /> |Raja Vetri Prabu<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |Ibrahim<br /> |Akshitha Ashok<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |Gowri Gopan<br /> |[[Vivek Rajgopal]]<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |Priyadharshini<br /> |[[Udayaraj|Udhaya Deep]]<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |Nagaraj<br /> |[[Sharanya Turadi Sundarraj]]<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |Anand<br /> |Nakshathra Viswanathan<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |Akshatha<br /> |Naveen <br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |Prince Xavier<br /> |Pavithra<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |Swathi Nair<br /> | Sabharish Ramachandran<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Season 3 ==<br /> {{main|Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded season 3}}<br /> The third season of Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded is an upcoming reality television [[dance competition]] show. Choreographer [[Baba Bhaskar]] and actress, [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] has officially once again been appointed as the judged for the third time, accompanied by the new actress [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sneha-varalaxmi-and-baba-bhaskar-to-judge-dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-3-premiere-soon/articleshow/118381461.cms|title=Sneha, Varalaxmi, and Baba Bhaskar to Judge 'Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 3'|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 February 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manimegalai and RJ Vijay as hosts of the show. It was premiered on March 1, 2025 on [[Zee Tamil]] and aired on Saturday and Sunday at 20:30,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.southmoviez.com/tamil/tamil-tv/dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-3-contestants-list/|title=Dance Jodi Dance – Reloaded 3: Zee Tamil Unveiled the Complete Lists of Contestants|website=www.southmoviez.com|date=4 March 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ended with 40 episodes.<br /> <br /> The final episode was aired 3 hours on 20 July, and ended with 40 Episodes. Actor and music director [[Vijay Antony]] was as guest.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-3-grand-finale-vijay-antony-to-grace-the-show-as-guest-judge/articleshow/122794230.cms|title=Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 3 grand finale: Vijay Antony to grace the show as guest judge|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 July 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The show was won by Nithin and [[Ditya Bhande]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-3-grand-finale-nithin-ditya-lifts-the-trophy/articleshow/122808300.cms|title=Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 3 grand finale: Nithin-Ditya lifts the trophy|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 July 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; while Thillai and Preeta emerged as the runner up of the show.<br /> <br /> &lt;u&gt;'''''Prize Winners:'''''&lt;/u&gt;<br /> * '''Title Winners of Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 2''' : Nithin &amp; [[Ditya Bhande]] (₹5,00,000)<br /> * '''1st Runner-up''' : Thillai &amp; Preetha (₹2,00,000)<br /> * '''2nd Runner-up''' : Prajna &amp; Gagana (₹1,00,000)<br /> <br /> === Contestants ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;width:20pt; background:#C1D8FF;&quot;| #<br /> !style=&quot;width:130pt; background:#C1D8FF;&quot;| Contestants <br /> !style=&quot;width:160pt; background:#C1D8FF;&quot;| Celebrity partner<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |Dileep<br /> |Mercina<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |Prajna<br /> |Gagana<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |Panjami&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-3-audition-panjami-and-baba-bhaskar-mesmerize-audience-with-maamadura-annakodi/articleshow/118602627.cms|title=Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 3 Audition: Panjami and Baba Bhaskar mesmerize audience with 'Maamadura Annakodi'|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 February 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |Kathir<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |Aditi<br /> |Sugesh (2nd Week) / Maanas (Week 3-14) <br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |Arun<br /> |Kemi<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |Mohan<br /> |Shreya<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |Alwin<br /> |Parveen <br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |Janushika<br /> |Sabarish<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |Nithin<br /> |[[Ditya Bhande]]<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |Prakash<br /> |[[Raveena Daha]]<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |Krithika<br /> |deepak<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |Thillai<br /> |Preeta<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Production ===<br /> Following two seasons, Choreographer Baba Bhaskar and actress [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] returned as judges. Actress [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] replaced actress [[Sangeetha Krish]] as the new judge this season.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.passionateinmarketing.com/a-fresh-twist-to-zee-tamils-dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-3-varalaxmi-joins-the-judges-manimegalai-takes-the-mic/|title=A Fresh Twist to Zee Tamil's Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 3, Varalaxmi Joins the Judges, Manimegalai Takes the Mic|website=www.passionateinmarketing.com|date=25 February 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; RJ Vijay returned to host, accompanied by the new [[Manimegalai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= வெ.வித்யா காயத்ரி|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/famous-vj-manimegalai-host-dance-jodi-dance-reality-show-in-zee-tamil|title='தொகுப்பாளினியாக மீண்டும் களமிறங்கும் விஜே மணிமேகலை... குவியும் வாழ்த்துகள்!'|website=cinema.vikatan.com|date=15 February 2025|language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/dance-jodi-dance-reloaded/0-6-4z5190052 ''Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded''] on [[ZEE5]]<br /> * {{IMDb title|9557674}}<br /> <br /> {{Zee Tamil shows}}<br /> {{Dance Jodi Dance}}<br /> [[Category:Zee Tamil original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2022 Tamil-language television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language dance television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language reality television series]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:2022 Tamil-language television seasons]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Tamil-language television seasons]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language television spinoffs]]<br /> [[Category:Dance Jodi Dance|Reloaded]]<br /> [[Category:Indian dance competition television shows]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalki_2898_AD&diff=458714 2026-03-29T15:47:20Z

<p>JulianaThurston: added info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2024 Indian film by Nag Ashwin}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Kalki 2898 AD.jpg<br /> | alt = Theatrical release poster<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Nag Ashwin]]<br /> | writer = Nag Ashwin<br /> {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes<br /> | label1 = Dialogues by<br /> | data1 = [[Sai Madhav Burra]]&lt;br/&gt;Nag Ashwin&lt;br/&gt;B S Sarwagna Kumar<br /> }}<br /> | producer = [[C. Aswini Dutt]]<br /> | starring = {{plain list|<br /> * [[Amitabh Bachchan]]<br /> * [[Kamal Haasan]]<br /> * [[Prabhas]]<br /> * [[Deepika Padukone]]<br /> * [[Shobana]]<br /> * [[Disha Patani]]<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = [[Djordje Stojiljkovic]]<br /> | editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]<br /> | music = [[Santhosh Narayanan]]<br /> | studio = [[Vyjayanthi Movies]]<br /> | distributor = [[#Distribution|see below]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|06|27}}<br /> | runtime = 181 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalki 2898 AD |url=https://www.ecinepramaan.gov.in/cbfc/?a=Certificate_Detail&amp;i=100070292400000552 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240822030004/https://www.ecinepramaan.gov.in/cbfc/?a=Certificate_Detail&amp;i=100070292400000552 |archive-date=22 August 2024 |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=ecinepramaan.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;175 minutes (trimmed version)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prime Video: Kalki 2898 AD |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/0KQU5V0T0FGF8L5L368NKW6INT/ |access-date=16 August 2025|website=Amazon Prime Video}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | budget = {{INR|600 crore}}{{efn|Multiple references:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 July 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD day 4 box office collection: Prabhas-starrer beats SRK's Jawan, mints ₹555 crore worldwide |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-day-4-box-office-prabhas-starrer-beats-jawan-mints-%E2%82%B9555-crore-19436481.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702040008/https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-day-4-box-office-prabhas-starrer-beats-jawan-mints-%E2%82%B9555-crore-19436481.htm |archive-date=2 July 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |work=[[CNBC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 June 2023 |title=Project K: From Prabhas to Deepika Padukone, here's how much actors are getting paid |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/nag-ashwins-project-k-from-prabhas-to-deepika-heres-how-much-actors-are-getting-paid-1227370 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626142436/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/nag-ashwins-project-k-from-prabhas-to-deepika-heres-how-much-actors-are-getting-paid-1227370 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |access-date=26 June 2023 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en |quote=Reportedly, 600 crores is being spent to make this multi-starrer film.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Prakash |first=B. V. S. |date=10 June 2024 |title=Whopping Budget for Kalki 2898 AD in Two Parts |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/prabhass-kalki-mounted-on-rs-700-cr-budget-898213 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627182913/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/prabhass-kalki-mounted-on-rs-700-cr-budget-898213 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=Deccan Chronicle }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | gross = &lt;!-- Please refer to WP:ICTFSOURCES before adding BO figures. Any other additions will be treated as disruptive editing, leading to blocking. --&gt;{{INR|1042{{ndash}}1100 crore}}{{efn|name=&quot;kalki&quot;}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Kalki 2898 AD''''' ({{IPA|te|kəlkɪ|lang}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Epic film|epic]] [[science fiction film]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=31 December 2024 |title='Kalki 2898 AD' Producers Reflect on Global Impact Ahead of Japan Release (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/kalki-2898-ad-global-impact-japan-release-1236262659/ |access-date=3 January 2025 |magazine=Variety |quote=Vyjayanthi Movies' ambitious Indian sci-fi mythological epic &quot;Kalki 2898 AD&quot; made waves in 2024 .....}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74nr0wUjHSg&amp;t=125s |title=Nag Ashwin: &quot;When you make a mytho sci-fi with big stars, you can't afford to…&quot; |date=5 July 2024 |publisher=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |time=2:05 |access-date=10 February 2025 |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt; written and directed by [[Nag Ashwin]]. Produced by [[Vyjayanthi Movies]], it features an [[ensemble cast]] including [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Prabhas]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Shobana]] and [[Disha Patani]]. Inspired by [[Hindu texts|Hindu scriptures]], the film serves as the first instalment in the planned Kalki Cinematic Universe. Set in a [[Utopian and dystopian fiction|dystopian]] future in the year 2898 AD in the city of [[Varanasi|Kashi]], the story follows a group on a mission to protect [[Human subject research|lab subject]] SUM-80's unborn child, believed to be [[Kalki]], the final incarnation of [[Vishnu]].<br /> <br /> The film was officially announced in February 2020 and had the [[working title]] of ''Project K''. [[Principal photography]] commenced a year later in July 2021 due to [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]]. It was shot sporadically over the next three years extensively in [[Ramoji Film City]] and [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] by late-May 2024. The official title was revealed in July 2023. The film features music by [[Santhosh Narayanan]], cinematography by [[Djordje Stojiljkovic]], and editing by [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]. <br /> <br /> ''Kalki 2898 AD'' was initially scheduled to release on 9 May 2024, but was postponed due to unfinished [[post-production]] work. It was released worldwide on 27 June 2024 in standard, [[IMAX]], and [[3D film|3D]] formats. With a {{INR|600 crore|link=no|year=2024}} production budget, it is the [[List of most expensive Indian films|one of the most expensive Indian films ever made]].&lt;ref name=&quot;jha-2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |date=1 July 2024 |title=Prabhas, Kamal Haasan Paid Rs 100 Crore For Kalki! |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/kamal-haasan-paid-thrice-more-than-amitabh/20240701.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702093254/https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/kamal-haasan-paid-thrice-more-than-amitabh/20240701.htm |archive-date=2 July 2024 |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=Rediff |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film grossed an estimated {{INR|1,042–1,100 crore}} globally and has set multiple box office records for an Indian and Telugu film, becoming the [[List of Indian films of 2024|second highest-grossing Indian film of 2024]], the [[List of highest-grossing Telugu films|fourth highest-grossing Telugu film]], and the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|tenth highest-grossing Indian film of all time]].{{efn|name=&quot;kalki&quot;}} The film won four [[Telangana Gaddar Film Awards]], including Best Film, and four [[South Indian International Movie Awards]] including [[SIIMA Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film – Telugu]].<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> In the aftermath of the [[Kurukshetra War]], [[Ashwatthama]] unleashes [[Brahmastra]] in a bid to murder the [[Parikshit|unborn child]] of [[Uttarā]], aiming to end the lineage of the [[Pandava|Pandavas]]. As punishment, [[Krishna]] curses him with [[Chiranjivi|immortality]] and eternal suffering, condemning him to wander the Earth until he redeems himself by protecting the mother of [[Kalki]], the prophesied final [[avatar]] of [[Vishnu]].<br /> <br /> 6000 years later, in 2898 AD, Earth has become a [[dystopia]], with the city of [[Varanasi|Kashi]] standing as the last bastion of humanity. It is ruled by Supreme Yaskin, a 200-year-old demonic [[god king]] (or warden) who lives in the Complex, a massive [[inverted pyramid (architecture)|inverted pyramid]] accessible only to the elite. Fertile women from the impoverished outskirts are forcibly recruited for Project K, an experiment aimed at harvesting a life-extending serum from artificial pregnancies in order to immortalize Yashkin. None survive the process beyond 150 days.<br /> <br /> SUM-80, a laboratory subject, is discovered to be pregnant for 150 days (the desired threshold), but unexpectedly escapes the extraction procedure with the help of rebel agents originating from [[Shambhala]], a secret settlement within the mountains whose members believe in the Kalki prophecy (a prophecy similar to the [[Second Coming]]). The next day, she is renamed from SUM-80 to Sumathi by one of the rebels, Kyra, and taken on a journey to Shambhala. On the journey, the rebels are ambushed by the Raiders (Yaskin's army), as well as bounty hunters including Bhairava, a mercenary who has never lost a single fight and longs to live a fulfilling life in the Complex, and his [[Artificial Intelligence|AI]] [[self-driving car|car]] BU-JZ-1 aka Bujji. Kyra sacrifices herself to prevent the rebels and Sumathi from getting caught. Ashwatthama, who has realised that Sumathi is pregnant with Kalki, intervenes and rescues the pregnant test subject. <br /> <br /> The group reaches Shambhala, where nature responds to her presence. Ashwatthama encourages her to embrace her destiny and reveals to his companion Raia, an adolescent who pretended to be a boy to avoid being captured by the Raiders, his ancient connection to [[Karna]] through his bow, the [[Vijaya (bow)|Vijaya Dhanussu]]. Meanwhile, Bhairava, seeking reward, strikes a deal with Commander Manas, Yaskin's enforcer, to capture Sumathi. Manipulating Luke, his Shambhalan admirer, Bhairava infiltrates Shambhala and attempts to abduct Sumathi under the disguise of Ashwatthama, but is confronted by the latter. As they clash, Manas and the Raiders launch an assault, killing Shambhala's leader Mariam and capturing Ashwatthama. <br /> <br /> During the chaos, Bhairava unknowingly picks up the Vijaya Dhanussu, along with a sacred leaf which fell on it moments beforehand, triggering a transformation that reveals him as the reincarnation of Karna. Empowered, he effortlessly defeats the Raiders and kills Manas to protect Sumathi, but remains unaware of his past life.<br /> <br /> In a [[post-credits scene|mid-credits scene]], Yaskin absorbs a single drop of Sumathi's fetal serum and gains godlike powers, along with a muscular physique and four magical arms, Subsequently lifting up the [[Gandiva]], the ancient bow of [[Arjuna]], he vows to reshape the world and bring on a new era.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> Adapted from the opening and closing credits:&lt;ref name=&quot;vyjayanthi movies-2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/amzn1.dv.gti.5e6a95ea-424a-49e0-b1db-3a6097ec03f9 |title=Kalki 2898 AD |language=te |publisher=[[Vyjayanthi Movies]] |year=2024 |place=India |access-date=22 August 2024 |via=[[Amazon Prime Video]]}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Cast listing|* [[Amitabh Bachchan]] as [[Ashwatthama]], the son of sage and warrior [[Drona|Dronacharya]] and an ally to the [[Kaurava|Kauravas]], who was cursed with immortality for attempting to kill an unborn [[Parikshit]]. He has since roamed the Earth for nearly six thousand years.<br /> * [[Kamal Haasan]] as Supreme Yaskin, a [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]] [[God king|god-king]] ruling the post-apocalyptic world from the &quot;Complex&quot;.<br /> * [[Prabhas]] in a dual role as:<br /> ** Bhairava, A [[bounty hunter]]<br /> ** [[Karna]], An ancient warrior who was allied with the Kauravas; the previous life of Bhairava<br /> * [[Deepika Padukone]] as SUM-80 alias Sumathi, a pregnant [[Human subject research|lab subject]] of Project K and the prophesied mother of [[Kalki]] (voice by [[Sobhita Dhulipala]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Dishya |date=1 July 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD: Sobhita Dhulipala Dubs For Deepika Padukone in Telugu Version? Here's What We Know |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kalki-2898-ad-sobhita-dhulipala-dubs-for-deepika-padukone-in-telugu-version-heres-what-we-know-8950493.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702012417/https://www.news18.com/movies/kalki-2898-ad-sobhita-dhulipala-dubs-for-deepika-padukone-in-telugu-version-heres-what-we-know-8950493.html |archive-date=2 July 2024 |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=[[News18]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Disha Patani]] as Roxie, Bhairava's love interest<br /> * [[Brahmanandam]] as Rajan, Bhairava's landlord<br /> * [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Rumi<br /> * [[Shobana]] as Mariam, the leader of [[Shambhala]]<br /> * [[Pasupathy]] as Veeran, a rebel from Shambhala<br /> * Anil George as Counsellor Bani<br /> * [[Saswata Chatterjee]] as Commander Manas<br /> * [[Anna Ben]] as Kyra, a rebel from Shambhala<br /> * Harshith Reddy as Luke, a rebel from Shambhala<br /> * Kavya Ramachandran as LYL-33, an undercover rebel at the Complex<br /> * Ayaz Pasha as Ajju, a rebel from Shambhala<br /> * Keya Nair as Raia<br /> * Humhu as Krane, a bounty hunter<br /> * Vinay Kumar as Commander Sirius{{efn|The character's name is a reference to [[Sirius Black]] from [[J. K. Rowling]]'s ''[[Harry Potter]]'' franchise.&lt;ref name=&quot;Star Wars&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> * Sanjay Ratha as Commander Shatru<br /> * Venkata Ramana as Ronnie<br /> * Hamish Boyd as Yuri<br /> * Advait Chauhan as Isaac<br /> * Sanghwa Shin as Leon<br /> * Anoushka Maskey as GS-Q43<br /> * [[Djordje Stojiljkovic]] as Garuda driver<br /> * [[Keerthy Suresh]] as BU-JZ-1 alias Bujji, Bhairava's companion [[artificial intelligence|AI]] [[android (robot)|droid]] / [[self-driving car|vehicle]] (Voice-over){{efn|AI assistant Bujji has been interpreted as a reference to Kala Bhairava's [[vahana]] [[Shvana]].}}<br /> * [[Krishnakumar Balasubramanian|Krishnakumar]] as [[Krishna]], an incarnation of [[Vishnu]], who was born during the time of ''[[Mahabharata]]'' to bring peace by aiding the [[Pandava]]s; served as Prince Arjuna's charioteer and strategist during the [[Kurukshetra War]] (voice by [[Arjun Das]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=28 June 2024 |title=Fans decode who plays Lord Krishna in Kalki 2898 AD; actor calls it an 'honour' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/fans-decode-who-plays-lord-krishna-in-kalki-2898-ad-actor-calls-it-an-honour-101719557587680-amp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701022112/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/fans-decode-who-plays-lord-krishna-in-kalki-2898-ad-actor-calls-it-an-honour-101719557587680-amp.html |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=29 July 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Krishna's character appears as silhouette and without an identity. Speaking about this decision, Ashwin said that it would otherwise just become a person or an actor but the idea was to keep him dark-skinned, silhouetted, and a mysterious figure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Baisakhi |first=Mishra |date=5 July 2024 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Nag Ashwin opens up on his conscious decision to keep Krishna's character in silhouette for Kalki 2898 AD |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/exclusive-nag-ashwin-opens-up-on-his-conscious-decision-to-keep-krishnas-character-in-silhouette-for-kalki-2898-ad-1324547 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> === Cameo appearances ===<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[Malvika Nair]] as [[Uttarā (Mahabharata)|Uttara]], the princess of [[Matsya Kingdom]]; daughter-in-law of Arjuna and mother of Parikshit; the last living heir of the [[Kuru Kingdom]] following the Kurukshetra War. She and her unborn baby (Parikshit) were attacked by Ashwatthama's [[Brahmastra|enchanted arrow]] after the war ended.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bohra |first=Anurag |date=26 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD: Ashwatthama to Ved Vyas, 7 Mahabharata characters that you might find in Prabhas' dystopian epic |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kalki-2898-ad-ashwatthama-to-ved-vyas-7-mahabharata-characters-that-you-might-find-in-prabhas-dystopian-epic-101719382247048.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628235124/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kalki-2898-ad-ashwatthama-to-ved-vyas-7-mahabharata-characters-that-you-might-find-in-prabhas-dystopian-epic-101719382247048.html |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=23 August 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Mrunal Thakur]] as Divya, a lady who was assumed to be Kalki's mother.&lt;ref name=&quot;the indian express-2024&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[Ram Gopal Varma]] as Chef Chintu: A street food vendor&lt;ref name=&quot;the indian express-2024&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[Dulquer Salmaan]] as Pilot / Captain, a Bhairava's guardian&lt;ref name=&quot;the indian express-2024&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[Srinivas Avasarala]] as a money lender and Bhairava's prospective buyer&lt;ref name=&quot;m9news-2024&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[Faria Abdullah]] as Peacock: A dancer in the Complex&lt;ref name=&quot;m9news-2024&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[K. V. Anudeep]] as a Complex member&lt;ref name=&quot;m9news-2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Prime Video Acquires Kalki 2898 AD |url=https://www.m9.news/movienews/prime-video-acquires-kalki-2898-ad/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628081202/https://www.m9.news/movienews/prime-video-acquires-kalki-2898-ad/ |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=M9.news}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[S. S. Rajamouli]] as a Bounty hunter and Bhairava's rival, also his ex-boss&lt;ref name=&quot;the indian express-2024&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[Vijay Deverakonda]] as [[Arjuna]], the third Pandava brother and a powerful archer who was famous as the competitor of Karna.&lt;ref name=&quot;the indian express-2024&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[Santhosh Narayanan]] in the song &quot;Ta Takkara&quot; (uncredited)&lt;ref name=&quot;vyjayanthi movies-2024&quot; /&gt;{{rp|1:09:18}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> <br /> === Development ===<br /> {{Multiple image<br /> | image1 = Prabhas by Gage Skidmore.jpg<br /> | image2 = Nag Ashwin by Gage Skidmore.jpg<br /> | total_width = 270<br /> | footer = ''Kalki 2898 AD'' is the first collaboration of [[Prabhas]] with [[Nag Ashwin]].<br /> }}<br /> After the success of ''[[Mahanati]]'' in 2019, [[Nag Ashwin]] stated that he had been working on an original story, for which he had spent a long time on. He also stated that the production would begin soon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Janani |date=14 August 2019 |title=Mahanati director Nag Ashwin: I thought Bollywood will get National Awards, not Keerthy Suresh |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mahanati-director-nag-ashwin-i-thought-bollywood-will-get-national-awards-not-keerthy-suresh-1580733-2019-08-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729075121/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mahanati-director-nag-ashwin-i-thought-bollywood-will-get-national-awards-not-keerthy-suresh-1580733-2019-08-14 |archive-date=29 July 2022 |access-date=29 July 2022 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The project would be funded by [[C. Aswani Dutt]]'s [[Vyjayanthi Movies]], which also funded ''Mahanati''. The company announced on 7 August 2019 that the production would begin in September and posted a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] for various artist positions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 August 2019 |title=Confirmed: Massive project from Nag Ashwin and Vyjayanthi Movies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/confirmed-massive-project-from-nag-ashwin-and-vyjayanthi-movies/articleshow/70568453.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208094606/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/confirmed-massive-project-from-nag-ashwin-and-vyjayanthi-movies/articleshow/70568453.cms |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 26 February 2020, coinciding the occasion of the 50th year since the establishment of Dutt's house, [[Prabhas]] was announced to be the lead actor. Tentatively titled ''Prabhas 21'' (as it is intended to be the actor's 21st film in the lead role), the production would begin after the actor completes filming for ''[[Radhe Shyam]]'' (2022).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 February 2020 |title=Prabhas teams up with Mahanati director Nag Ashwin for his next |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-teams-up-with-mahanati-director-nag-ashwin-for-his-next-1650163-2020-02-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627141542/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-teams-up-with-mahanati-director-nag-ashwin-for-his-next-1650163-2020-02-26 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;news18-2021&quot; /&gt; The film was made on a production budget of ₹600 crore that included star remuneration of ₹80 crore to Prabhas, and ₹20 crore each to Amitabh Bachchan, Kamal Haasan and Deepika Padukone.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD: Prabhas Charges Rs 80 Cr; Deepika Padukone, Big B's Shocking Fee Out {{!}} Report |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kalki-2898-ad-budget-cast-fees-prabhas-rs-80-cr-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-rs-20-cr-report-8946044.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627035535/https://www.news18.com/movies/kalki-2898-ad-budget-cast-fees-prabhas-rs-80-cr-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-rs-20-cr-report-8946044.html |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The lead actor, however, reportedly decided to take the [[revenue sharing]] model, receiving ₹80 crore as advance, and a chunk of the profits would be given to him as remuneration.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalki 2898 AD – Prabhas lets go of his fee; to take a share in the profits {{!}} Details inside |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kalki-2898-ad-prabhas-lets-go-of-his-fee-to-take-a-share-in-the-profits-details-inside/d73f664599786 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627141545/https://www.ottplay.com/news/kalki-2898-ad-prabhas-lets-go-of-his-fee-to-take-a-share-in-the-profits-details-inside/d73f664599786 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 June 2024 |title=Prabhas takes a pay cut for 'Kalki 2898 AD': Reports |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-takes-a-pay-cut-for-kalki-2898-ad-reports/articleshow/111225064.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627141554/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-takes-a-pay-cut-for-kalki-2898-ad-reports/articleshow/111225064.cms |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; In February 2021, it was reported that the filming would begin in March; however, Ashwin during the promotions for his short film in ''[[Pitta Kathalu]]'' (2021) stated that due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and Prabhas' prior commitments, the filming would commence at the latter half of the year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 February 2021 |title=Nag Ashwin opens up about Prabhas and Deepika Padukone's film, shooting in mid-2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nag-ashwin-opens-up-about-prabhas-and-deepika-padukone-s-film-shooting-in-mid-2021-1771829-2021-02-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021140143/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nag-ashwin-opens-up-about-prabhas-and-deepika-padukone-s-film-shooting-in-mid-2021-1771829-2021-02-22 |archive-date=21 October 2022 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film's official title, ''Kalki 2898 AD'', was announced on 21 July 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 July 2023 |title=Kalki 2898 AD: Twitterati hail Prabhas and Nag Ashwin's teaser; say ProjectK similar to Dune with just Rs 600 crore budget |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kalki-2898-ad-twitterati-hail-prabhas-and-nag-ashwins-teaser-say-projectk-similar-to-dune-with-just-rs-600-crore-budget/articleshow/102003736.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815064034/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kalki-2898-ad-twitterati-hail-prabhas-and-nag-ashwins-teaser-say-projectk-similar-to-dune-with-just-rs-600-crore-budget/articleshow/102003736.cms |archive-date=15 August 2023 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is a reference to [[Kalki]], an [[avatar]] of Hindu deity [[Vishnu]] in the [[Hindu eschatology]], according to the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', and 3102 BC – traditionally thought to be the beginning of [[Kali Yuga]] after the [[Kurukshetra War]], from the death of Krishna (the film being set 6,000 years into the Kali Yuga, the era of the [[asura]]/demon [[Kali (demon)|Kali]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 February 2024 |title=Nag Ashwin reveals Prabhas-starrer Kalki 2898 AD's connection to Mahabharat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/nag-ashwin-reveals-prabhas-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-s-connection-to-mahabharat-101708920654076.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302061600/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/nag-ashwin-reveals-prabhas-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-s-connection-to-mahabharat-101708920654076.html |archive-date=2 March 2024 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kelley |first=Aidan |date=28 July 2023 |title='Kalki 2898-AD': Cast, Trailer, Release Date, and Everything We Know So Far |url=https://collider.com/kalki-2898-ad-cast-trailer-project-k/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104230841/https://collider.com/kalki-2898-ad-cast-trailer-project-k/ |archive-date=4 January 2024 |access-date=9 June 2024 |website=Collider |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 May 2024 |title=Prabhas on the high budget of Kalki 2898 AD: 'The whole film is made for international audiences' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/prabhas-on-the-high-budget-of-kalki-2898-ad-the-whole-film-is-made-for-international-audiences-101716987018303.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609155437/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/prabhas-on-the-high-budget-of-kalki-2898-ad-the-whole-film-is-made-for-international-audiences-101716987018303.html |archive-date=9 June 2024 |access-date=9 June 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Pre-production ===<br /> Ashwin co-wrote the film's script along with Rutham Samar, [[Sai Madhav Burra]] and B. S. Sarawagna Kumar, in his second consecutive film with Samar and Burra after ''Mahanati''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Rutham Samar Movies List {{!}} Rutham Samar Upcoming Movies {{!}} Films |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/rutham-samar/filmography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628092121/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/rutham-samar/filmography/ |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 May 2024 |title=Never Attempted Before: Kalki 2898 AD Co-writer Dishes on Unique Concept of Prabhas Starrer |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/never-attempted-before-kalki-2898-ad-co-writer-dishes-on-unique-concept-of-prabhas-starrer-enn24050401462 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615102343/https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/never-attempted-before-kalki-2898-ad-co-writer-dishes-on-unique-concept-of-prabhas-starrer-enn24050401462 |archive-date=15 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A [[Muhurat shot|muhurat]] pooja ceremony was held on 24 July 2021 at [[Ramoji Film City]] in [[Hyderabad]] with the presence of the film's cast and crew. The working title was revealed to have been changed to ''Project K'' the same day.&lt;ref name=&quot;news18-2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 January 2021 |title=Prabhas 21: Director Nag Ashwin Presents 'Heroes Behind the Screen' in New Update for Film |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/prabhas-21-director-nag-ashwin-presents-heroes-behind-the-screen-in-new-update-for-film-3360812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629124136/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/prabhas-21-director-nag-ashwin-presents-heroes-behind-the-screen-in-new-update-for-film-3360812.html |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prabhas 21' update will not be released on February 26, says director Nag Ashwin |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/prabhas-21-update-will-not-be-released-on-february-26-says-director-nag-ashwin-952674.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629124134/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/prabhas-21-update-will-not-be-released-on-february-26-says-director-nag-ashwin-952674.html |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 July 2021 |title=Nag Ashwin's new film starring Amitabh Bachchan, Prabhas and Deepika Padukone begins in Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amitabh-bachchan-prabhas-start-shoot-for-nag-ashwins-film/article35507018.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608180107/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amitabh-bachchan-prabhas-start-shoot-for-nag-ashwins-film/article35507018.ece |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ashwin stated that the film needed high-end technology and futuristic vehicles to be developed for the film. Although they can be recreated using [[computer-generated imagery]] (CGI), the director opted to build these vehicles from scratch.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adivi |first=Sashidhar |date=7 March 2022 |title=Nag Ashwin asked for help, Anand Mahindra obliged |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/070322/nag-ashwin-asked-for-help-anand-mahindra-obliged.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175541/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/070322/nag-ashwin-asked-for-help-anand-mahindra-obliged.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In March 2022, Ashwin requested businessman [[Anand Mahindra]] to provide technical support to build such type of vehicle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Devasheesh |date=4 March 2022 |title=Prabhas, Deepika Padukone's Project K director seeks 'tech-related' help from Anand Mahindra |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/prabhas-deepika-padukone-sci-fi-project-k-director-nag-ashwin-seeks-tech-related-help-from-anand-mahindra-2022-03-04-762674 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175541/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/prabhas-deepika-padukone-sci-fi-project-k-director-nag-ashwin-seeks-tech-related-help-from-anand-mahindra-2022-03-04-762674 |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[India TV News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A few days later, Mahindra responded that their company [[Mahindra &amp; Mahindra]] would assist the production team from their [[Mahindra World City, Chennai|Mahindra Research Valley]] campus in [[Chennai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 March 2022 |title=Anand Mahindra excited about Deepika-Prabhas starrer 'Project K', says it will beat Hollywood |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/anand-mahindra-excited-about-deepika-prabhas-starrer-says-project-k-will-beat-hollywood/articleshow/90192680.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706110130/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/anand-mahindra-excited-about-deepika-prabhas-starrer-says-project-k-will-beat-hollywood/articleshow/90192680.cms |archive-date=6 July 2022 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In July 2021, the makers erected a futuristic set at [[Ramoji Film City]] in [[Hyderabad]] where a significant portion of filming is expected to take place.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 July 2021 |title=With 400 crore budget, Prabhas-Deepika's next to break Baahubali record |url=https://www.siasat.com/with-400-crore-of-budget-prabhas-deepikas-next-to-break-baahubalis-record-2171995/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175541/https://www.siasat.com/with-400-crore-of-budget-prabhas-deepikas-next-to-break-baahubalis-record-2171995/ |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[The Siasat Daily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[A. R. Rahman]] had been initially approached, in August 2020, to compose music for the film but the talks fell out.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Manjula |date=5 August 2020 |title=AR Rahman Whopping Remuneration For Deepika-Prabhas Movie of Nag Ashwin |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/ar-rahman-whopping-remuneration-for-deepika-prabhas-movie-of-nag-ashwin-637616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175541/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/ar-rahman-whopping-remuneration-for-deepika-prabhas-movie-of-nag-ashwin-637616 |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ashwin retained most of his technicians, including composer [[Mickey J. Meyer]], editor [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]], production designer Nithin Zihani Choudhary, cinematographer [[Dani Sanchez-Lopez]], costume designers Thota Vijay Bhaskar, Shaleena Nathani and Sahithi Patha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 January 2021 |title=Makers of Nag Ashwin-Prabhas movie rope in 'Mahanati' cinematographer, music composer |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2021/jan/29/makers-of-nag-ashwin-prabhasmovie-rope-in-mahanati-cinematographer-music-composer-2256633.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175541/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2021/jan/29/makers-of-nag-ashwin-prabhasmovie-rope-in-mahanati-cinematographer-music-composer-2256633.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, Serbian cinematographer, [[Djordje Stojiljkovic]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha |date=20 June 2024 |title=Djordje Stojiljkovic: Each sub-world of 'Kalki 2898 AD' deserved a distinct visual treatment |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/djordje-stojiljkovic-each-sub-world-of-kalki-2898-ad-deserved-a-distinct-visual-treatment/article68307218.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628081222/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/djordje-stojiljkovic-each-sub-world-of-kalki-2898-ad-deserved-a-distinct-visual-treatment/article68307218.ece |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; replaced [[Dani Sanchez-Lopez]] as the official cinematographer of the film. In February 2023, [[Santhosh Narayanan]] replaced Meyer as the composer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 February 2023 |title=Prabhas, Deepika Padukone's Project K producer reveals film is about 'modern-day avatar of Vishnu': 'Everything you see in it will leave you stunned' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/prabhas-deepika-padukone-project-k-producer-reveals-film-is-about-modern-day-avatar-of-vishnu-8469651/ |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Andreas Nguyen was chosen as the stunt choreographer of the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2024 |title=Who Is Andy Long? The Man Who Choreographed Stunts In Kalki 2898 AD |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/who-is-andy-long-the-man-who-choreographed-stunts-in-kalki-2898-ad-8956734.html |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=[[News18]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]] joined as a mentor, contributing elements of his planned script on Lord Krishna and providing creative inputs to the project.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Karthik |date=22 September 2020 |title=Singeetham Srinivasa Rao joins Prabhas and Deepika Padukone's next with director Nag Ashwin |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/singeetham-srinivasa-rao-joins-prabhas-and-deepika-padukone-s-next-with-director-nag-ashwin/story-fSqxLc8dsYJbgVWL2q6Z8L.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175541/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/singeetham-srinivasa-rao-joins-prabhas-and-deepika-padukone-s-next-with-director-nag-ashwin/story-fSqxLc8dsYJbgVWL2q6Z8L.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Prakash |first=B. V. S. |date=5 May 2024 |title=Singeetam Srinivasa Rao Lord Krishna story in Kalki 2898AD? |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/singeetam-srinivasa-rao-lord-krishna-story-in-kalki-2898ad-892524 |access-date=4 January 2025 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Casting ===<br /> {{Multiple image<br /> | image1 = Deepika Padukone Cannes 2018 (cropped).jpg<br /> | image2 = BACHCHAN Amitabh 03-24x30-2009.jpg<br /> | image3 = Kamal Haasan by Gage Skidmore.jpg<br /> | footer = [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]], and [[Kamal Haasan]] play crucial roles in the film<br /> | width1 = <br /> | width2 = <br /> | width3 = <br /> | direction = horizontal<br /> | align = right<br /> | total_width = 400<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Prabhas would sport long hair and beard, with reporters reminiscing his look in the film with [[Baahubali (franchise)|''Baahubali'']].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 July 2023 |title=Project K: Prabhas is ready to fight as a rebel in first look from Nag Ashwin film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/project-k-prabhas-first-look-poster-out-101689751683941.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719103411/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/project-k-prabhas-first-look-poster-out-101689751683941.html |archive-date=19 July 2023 |access-date=19 July 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 May 2024 |title=Prabhas debuts NEW 'Kalki 2898 AD' look in promo ad; fans think he looks like 'Batman' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/prabhas-debuts-new-kalki-2898-ad-look-in-promo-ad-fans-think-he-looks-like-batman/articleshow/109744397.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502233700/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/prabhas-debuts-new-kalki-2898-ad-look-in-promo-ad-fans-think-he-looks-like-batman/articleshow/109744397.cms |archive-date=2 May 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Deepika Padukone]] was cast as the female lead,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 July 2020 |title=Prabhas and Deepika Padukone to star in Nag Ashwin's film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/prabhas-and-deepika-padukone-to-star-in-nag-ashwin-film-6512530/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175541/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/prabhas-and-deepika-padukone-to-star-in-nag-ashwin-film-6512530/ |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; in her Telugu film debut despite having starred in the unreleased ''Love 4 Ever''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=K. Jha |first=Subhash |author-link=Subhash K. Jha |date=22 July 2020 |title=Deepika Padukone charges Rs. 20 cr to feature in the Prabhas starrer; becomes the highest paid actress |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/deepika-padukone-charges-rs-20-cr-feature-prabhas-starrer-becomes-highest-paid-actress/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175541/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/deepika-padukone-charges-rs-20-cr-feature-prabhas-starrer-becomes-highest-paid-actress/ |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Amitabh Bachchan]] was confirmed to play an important role, in his Telugu film debut as he had previously only made cameo appearances in [[Manam (film)|''Manam'']] (2014) and ''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]'' (2019).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |author-link=Subhash K. Jha |date=27 November 2020 |title=Amitabh Bachchan will feature in a full length role in Prabhas and Deepika Padukone starrer film |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-will-feature-full-length-role-prabhas-deepika-padukone-starrer-film/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175543/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-will-feature-full-length-role-prabhas-deepika-padukone-starrer-film/ |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ashwin stated that his role was &quot;so important that his character's name [Ashwatthama] was the working title of an early draft&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 October 2020 |title=Amitabh Bachchan joins Prabhas, Deepika Padukone in Nag Ashwin's untitled multilingual project |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/amitabh-bachchan-joins-prabhas-deepika-padukone-in-nag-ashwins-untitled-multilingual-project-8896441.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817052548/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/amitabh-bachchan-joins-prabhas-deepika-padukone-in-nag-ashwins-untitled-multilingual-project-8896441.html |archive-date=17 August 2022 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kamal Haasan]] also joined the film in an important role,&lt;ref name=&quot;ramachandran-2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=25 June 2023 |title=Kamal Haasan Joins Prabhas, Deepika Padukone and Amitabh Bachchan on Cast of 'Project K' |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/kamal-haasan-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-project-k-1235653908/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625085932/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/kamal-haasan-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-project-k-1235653908/ |archive-date=25 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; while [[Disha Patani]] was also cast in an important role.&lt;ref name=&quot;features-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=8 May 2022 |title=Disha Patani joins the cast of Project K |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2022/May/08/disha-patani-joins-the-cast-of-project-k-31337.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175541/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2022/may/08/disha-patani-joins-the-cast-of-project-k-31337.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film marks their return to Telugu cinema after ''[[Subha Sankalpam]]'' (1995) and [[Loafer (2015 film)|''Loafer'']] (2015), respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;ramachandran-2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;features-2022&quot; /&gt;{{efn|While ''[[Cheekati Rajyam]]'' (2015) was his last Telugu film, his last straight Telugu film was ''Subha Sankalpam''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Krishnamoorthy |first=Suresh |date=25 May 2015 |title=With Cheekati Raajyam, Kamal returns to Telugu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/with-cheekati-raajyam-kamal-returns-to-telugu/article7242870.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713102025/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/with-cheekati-raajyam-kamal-returns-to-telugu/article7242870.ece |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=4 June 2015 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=1 March 2024 |title=Rajendra Prasad joins stellar cast in Prabhas' 'Kalki 2898 AD' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/rajendra-prasad-joins-stellar-cast-in-prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-861945 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303171013/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/rajendra-prasad-joins-stellar-cast-in-prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-861945 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=thehansindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Shobana|Shobhana]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD: Malayalam actor Shobana joins cast of Prabhas-starrer, makers unveil new poster |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/kalki-2898-ad-malayalam-actor-shobana-joins-cast-of-prabhas-starrer-makers-unveil-new-poster-2024-06-19-937728 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628081257/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/kalki-2898-ad-malayalam-actor-shobana-joins-cast-of-prabhas-starrer-makers-unveil-new-poster-2024-06-19-937728 |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Saswata Chatterjee]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 September 2023 |title=Saswata Chatterjee thrilled to share screen with Deepika Padukone, Kamal Haasan, Amitabh Bachchan &amp; Prabhas in 'Kalki 2898 AD' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/saswata-chatterjee-thrilled-to-share-screen-with-deepika-padukone-kamal-haasan-amitabh-bachchan-prabhas-in-kalki-2898-ad/articleshow/103665978.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602130226/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/saswata-chatterjee-thrilled-to-share-screen-with-deepika-padukone-kamal-haasan-amitabh-bachchan-prabhas-in-kalki-2898-ad/articleshow/103665978.cms |archive-date=2 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Brahmanandam]],&lt;ref name=&quot;hindustan times-2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 May 2024 |title=Bujji and Bhairava trailer: Animated prelude to Kalki 2898 AD shows their adventures. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/bujji-and-bhairava-trailer-animated-prelude-to-kalki-2898-ad-shows-their-adventures-watch-101717067906167.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530154811/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/bujji-and-bhairava-trailer-animated-prelude-to-kalki-2898-ad-shows-their-adventures-watch-101717067906167.html |archive-date=30 May 2024 |access-date=30 May 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Pasupathy]] were cast in important roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=22 June 2024 |title=Pasupathy poster from Kalki 2898 AD out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jun/22/pasupathy-poster-from-kalki-2898-ad-out |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627150338/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jun/22/pasupathy-poster-from-kalki-2898-ad-out |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Anna Ben]] made her Telugu debut with this film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 February 2024 |title=Anna Ben joins Prabhas' Kalki 2898 AD; Says Excited to foray into Telugu cinema |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/anna-ben-joins-prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-says-excited-to-foray-into-telugu-cinema/articleshow/107485026.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310014122/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/anna-ben-joins-prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-says-excited-to-foray-into-telugu-cinema/articleshow/107485026.cms |archive-date=10 March 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Keerthy Suresh]] and [[Arjun Das]] appeared in voice roles respectively; former as Bujji and latter as Lord [[Krishna]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=22 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD makers release two more character posters |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jun/22/kalki-2898-ad-makers-release-two-more-character-posters |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627150337/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jun/22/kalki-2898-ad-makers-release-two-more-character-posters |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Movie Review box office collection day 1: Reviews call Prabhas' film 'next-level, like Hollywood', Rs 61 crore already in the bank |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kalki-2898-ad-release-review-live-updates-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-kamal-haasan-box-office-9416091/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627023203/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kalki-2898-ad-release-review-live-updates-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-kamal-haasan-box-office-9416091/ |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Initially, Keerthy Suresh was offered another undisclosed role, but she rejected it and later accepted the voice-role.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=13 August 2024 |title=Keerthy Suresh Was Initially Offered A 'Human' Role In Kalki 2898 AD? |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/celebrities/kalki-2898-ad-keerthy-suresh-was-offered-a-human-role-before-ai-bot-bujji-in-prabhas-deepika-padukone-movie-1709847 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827134630/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/celebrities/kalki-2898-ad-keerthy-suresh-was-offered-a-human-role-before-ai-bot-bujji-in-prabhas-deepika-padukone-movie-1709847 |archive-date=27 August 2024 |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=ABP News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harshith Malgireddy, Kavya Ramachandran, Ayaz Pasha, Anil George, Keya Nair, Vinay Kumar, Venkata Ramana, Hamish Boyd and Sanghawa Shin were present during the film's preliminary shooting schedule.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Cast List {{!}} Kalki 2898 AD Movie Star Cast {{!}} Release Date {{!}} Movie Trailer {{!}} Review- Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kalki-2898-ad/cast/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627083715/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kalki-2898-ad/cast/ |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Dulquer Salmaan]], [[Vijay Deverakonda]], [[Mrunal Thakur]], [[S. S. Rajamouli]], [[Ram Gopal Varma]] and [[K. V. Anudeep]] briefly had respective cameo appearances.&lt;ref name=&quot;the indian express-2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Complete list of Prabhas' Kalki 2898 AD cameos: From A-list stars to famous filmmakers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-cameos-complete-list-dulquer-salmaan-vijay-deverakonda-mrunal-thakur-ram-gopal-varma-ss-rajamouli-9418563/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115228/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-cameos-complete-list-dulquer-salmaan-vijay-deverakonda-mrunal-thakur-ram-gopal-varma-ss-rajamouli-9418563/ |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Filming ===<br /> [[File:Ramoji Film City.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Ramoji Film City]], where parts of the film were shot|left]]<br /> [[Principal photography]] began with the first schedule on 24 July 2021, on the occasion of [[Guru Purnima]], at Ramoji Film City in Hyderabad featuring Bachchan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2021 |title=Prabhas, Amitabh Bachchan begin shooting for Nag Ashwin's next in Hyderabad |url=https://www.siasat.com/prabhas-amitabh-bachchan-begin-shooting-for-nag-ashwins-next-in-hyderabad-2168679/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175541/https://www.siasat.com/prabhas-amitabh-bachchan-begin-shooting-for-nag-ashwins-next-in-hyderabad-2168679/ |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[The Siasat Daily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prabhas and Padukone joined the production in December 2021 and scenes featuring both the actors and Bachchan were shot.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 December 2021 |title=Prabhas and Deepika Padukone give their first shot for Nag Ashwin's Project K |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-and-deepika-padukone-give-their-first-shot-for-nag-ashwins-project-k/articleshow/88236040.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129091844/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-and-deepika-padukone-give-their-first-shot-for-nag-ashwins-project-k/articleshow/88236040.cms |archive-date=29 January 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 January 2022 |title=Prabhas, Amitabh Bachchan, And Deepika Padukone Start Shooting For Their Next Project k |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-prabhas-amitabh-bachchan-and-deepika-padukone-start-shooting-for-their-next-project-k/404709 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175543/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-prabhas-amitabh-bachchan-and-deepika-padukone-start-shooting-for-their-next-project-k/404709 |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[Outlook India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The second schedule of the shoot took place in February 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 February 2022 |title=The second schedule of Prabhas' upcoming movie 'Project K' to resume its shoot soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/the-second-schedule-of-prabhas-upcoming-movie-project-k-to-resume-its-shoot-soon/articleshow/89421270.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/the-second-schedule-of-prabhas-upcoming-movie-project-k-to-resume-its-shoot-soon/articleshow/89421270.cms |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Instead of shooting the entire film in a single stretch, the team divided its 80–90 days of shoot into 7–8 days every month. This actually allowed the production team to take time and prepare the gadgets and props to be used in the film. Therefore, the production of the film was expected to take longer than usual.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bhopatkar |first=Tejashree |date=16 March 2022 |title=Exclusive! Here's why Prabhas' 'Project K' starring Deepika Padukone and Amitabh Bachchan is taking so long to complete |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/heres-why-amitabh-bachchan-deepika-padukone-and-prabhas-starrer-project-k-is-taking-a-long-time-to-complete-the-shoot-exclusive/articleshow/90223822.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175542/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/heres-why-amitabh-bachchan-deepika-padukone-and-prabhas-starrer-project-k-is-taking-a-long-time-to-complete-the-shoot-exclusive/articleshow/90223822.cms |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; DIY [[Arri Alexa|Arri Alexa 65]] camera was used to shoot the film, thus making it the first Indian film to use this technology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=Is a new filmmaking technology being introduced to Tollywood with Prabhas' 'Project K'? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/is-a-new-filmmaking-technology-being-introduced-to-tollywood-with-prabhas-project-k/articleshow/90912382.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175541/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/is-a-new-filmmaking-technology-being-introduced-to-tollywood-with-prabhas-project-k/articleshow/90912382.cms |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Prabhas was expected to start filming his solo portions in April 2022,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Keshri |first=Shweta |date=22 April 2022 |title=Prabhas to start shooting his solo portions for Project K in Hyderabad |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-to-start-shooting-his-solo-portions-for-project-k-in-hyderabad-1940744-2022-04-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175542/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-to-start-shooting-his-solo-portions-for-project-k-in-hyderabad-1940744-2022-04-22 |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; however, his knee surgery led to a delay of his upcoming projects including ''[[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire|Salaar]]'' and ''Kalki 2898 AD''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 April 2022 |title=BREAKING: Prabhas to undergo major knee surgery; recovery period is 3 months, will likely affect shoot of Salaar &amp; Project K |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-prabhas-undergo-major-knee-surgery-recovery-period-3-months-will-likely-affect-shoot-salar-project-k/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175544/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-prabhas-undergo-major-knee-surgery-recovery-period-3-months-will-likely-affect-shoot-salar-project-k/ |archive-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; 90% of the shoot was done in sets built in Ramoji Film City.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 May 2022 |title=Prabhas Starrer Project K Completes Key Schedule In Hyderabad |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/prabhas-starrer-project-k-completes-key-schedule-in-hyderabad-5196145.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162539/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/prabhas-starrer-project-k-completes-key-schedule-in-hyderabad-5196145.html |archive-date=7 July 2023 |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In June, Bachchan shot for a scene at [[Raidurg metro station]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 June 2022 |title=Hyderabad: Amitabh Bachchan spotted at Raidurg metro station |url=https://telanganatoday.com/hyderabad-amitabh-bachchan-spotted-at-raidurg-metro-station |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717184112/https://telanganatoday.com/hyderabad-amitabh-bachchan-spotted-at-raidurg-metro-station |archive-date=17 July 2022 |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=Telangana Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; In July, Padukone and Prabhas shot for a car chase sequence in Hyderabad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 July 2022 |title=Project K: Prabhas and Deepika Padukone shoot adrenaline pumping action with high end cars like Lamborghini |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/project-k-prabhas-deepika-padukone-shoot-adrenaline-pumping-action-high-end-cars-like-lamborghini/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721034048/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/project-k-prabhas-deepika-padukone-shoot-adrenaline-pumping-action-high-end-cars-like-lamborghini/ |archive-date=21 July 2022 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prabhas completed shooting the majority of his portions by the end of this schedule.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 July 2022 |title=Prabhas, Deepika Padukone's 'Project K' reaches final leg of shoot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-deepika-padukones-project-k-reaches-final-leg-of-shoot/articleshow/93075804.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130141935/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-deepika-padukones-project-k-reaches-final-leg-of-shoot/articleshow/93075804.cms |archive-date=30 November 2022 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> However, the film was still being shot in March 2023 when Bachchan injured his ribs and was advised to take rest in Mumbai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 March 2023 |title=Bollywood superstar Amitabh Bachchan injured while filming action scene |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/06/entertainment/india-amitabh-bachchan-injury-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313091428/https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/06/entertainment/india-amitabh-bachchan-injury-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=13 March 2023 |access-date=27 March 2023 |publisher=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt; Around 70% of the filming was completed by June 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2023 |title=Amitabh Bachchan, Prabhas welcome Kamal Haasan as he joins Nag Ashwin's Project K: 'A legend is what we needed for this role' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/amitabh-bachchan-prabhas-welcome-kamal-haasan-project-k-announcement-video-watch-8685221/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709062638/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/amitabh-bachchan-prabhas-welcome-kamal-haasan-project-k-announcement-video-watch-8685221/ |archive-date=9 July 2023 |access-date=9 July 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 20 July 2023 at [[San Diego Comic-Con]], [[Nag Ashwin]] revealed that while the film was mostly shot in Telugu, they were also reshooting some scenes in [[Hindi]] to make them more impactful.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcnaqIgOR2M&amp;t=480 |title=Kamal Haasan &amp; Director Nag Ashwin Interview: Kalki 2898 AD and Comic-Con 2023 |minutes=8:10 |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010062625/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcnaqIgOR2M&amp;t=490s |archive-date=10 October 2023 |url-status=live |quote=Some scenes would definitely be more impactful if we are shooting it in Hindi. So we are shooting it in two languages. But for the most part it's a Telugu film... |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the Hindi version is reportedly mostly dubbed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nahta |first=Komal |author-link=Komal Nahta |date=27 June 2024 |title='Kalki 2898 AD' (Hindi dubbed) review |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEMPJARchSE&amp;t=435s |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628081245/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEMPJARchSE&amp;t=435s |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |via=YouTube |quote=It is dubbed in Hindi. |time=7:15}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|The [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]] certificate of the Hindi version indicates that it is a dubbed version.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |title=Kalki 2898 AD |type=motion picture |language=hi |publisher=[[Vyjayanthi Movies]] |year=2024 |place=India |time=0:00:01}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} A romantic track featuring [[Prabhas]] and [[Disha Patani]] was filmed in Italy in March 2024 including at the [[Royal Palace of Caserta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 March 2024 |title=Prabhas and Disha Patani shoot for a song from Kalki 2898 AD in Italy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/prabhas-and-disha-patani-shoot-for-a-song-from-kalki-2898-ad-in-italy-101709797065429.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308132145/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/prabhas-and-disha-patani-shoot-for-a-song-from-kalki-2898-ad-in-italy-101709797065429.html |archive-date=8 March 2024 |access-date=9 March 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Racca |first=Davide |date=4 March 2024 |title=At the Reggia di Caserta filming of the Indian blockbuster 'Kalki 2898 AD' |url=https://reggiadicaserta.cultura.gov.it/en/mostra-visioni-alla-reggia-di-caserta/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531104135/https://reggiadicaserta.cultura.gov.it/en/mostra-visioni-alla-reggia-di-caserta/ |archive-date=31 May 2024 |access-date=31 May 2024 |website=Reggia di Caserta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Post-production ===<br /> The film features [[visual effects]] by the studios [[DNEG]] and [[The Embassy Visual Effects]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalki 2898 AD |url=https://www.dneg.com/show/kalki-2898-ad/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610154722/https://www.dneg.com/show/kalki-2898-ad/ |archive-date=10 June 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=DNEG |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 June 2024 |title=In Production: Kalki 2898 AD |url=https://theembassyvfx.com/blog/in-production-kalki-2898-ad |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621124853/https://theembassyvfx.com/blog/in-production-kalki-2898-ad |archive-date=21 June 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=The Embassy |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; These studios also collaborated with StealthWorks Taiwan, Folks VFX, [[Lola Visual Effects]], Pixstone Images and Labyrinth.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 June 2024 |title='Kalki will leave audiences hungry for more!' VFX Supervisor Paul Copeland – Exclusive! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kalki-will-leave-audiences-hungry-for-more-vfx-supervisor-paul-copeland-exclusive/articleshow/110928249.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613013153/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kalki-will-leave-audiences-hungry-for-more-vfx-supervisor-paul-copeland-exclusive/articleshow/110928249.cms |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=20 June 2024 |title=Djordje Stojiljkovic: Each sub-world of 'Kalki 2898 AD' deserved a distinct visual treatment |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/djordje-stojiljkovic-each-sub-world-of-kalki-2898-ad-deserved-a-distinct-visual-treatment/article68307218.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628081222/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/djordje-stojiljkovic-each-sub-world-of-kalki-2898-ad-deserved-a-distinct-visual-treatment/article68307218.ece |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> DNEG and The Embassy created the film's environments and action sequences. The Embassy handled approximately 700 shots for the film and DNEG handled the principal visual effects and [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] shots for the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bharatvarsh |first=TV9 |date=12 June 2024 |title=बड़ा-सा रेगिस्तान, 700 शॉट्स और कमाल की टेक्नोलॉजी...इस नामी कंपनी ने ऐसे तैयार किया Kalki 2898 AD का VFX |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/south-cinema/prabhas-kalki-ad-2898-vfx-company-the-embassy-worked-with-ironman-and-more-2667617.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621124852/https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/south-cinema/prabhas-kalki-ad-2898-vfx-company-the-embassy-worked-with-ironman-and-more-2667617.html |archive-date=21 June 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Their tasks included creating a desert wasteland, [[Concept car|futuristic vehicles]] for high-speed chases, utilising a broad range of VFX techniques, and creating 3 distinct worlds of: [[Varanasi|Kasi]], [[Shambhala]], and the Complex.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2024 |title=Action-packed 'Kalki 2898 AD' trailer gives a detailed look at the sci-fi world flaunting heavy visual effects - |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/latest-news/action-packed-kalki-2898-ad-trailer-gives-a-detailed-look-at-the-sci-fi-world-flaunting-heavy-visual-effects/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628081202/https://www.animationxpress.com/latest-news/action-packed-kalki-2898-ad-trailer-gives-a-detailed-look-at-the-sci-fi-world-flaunting-heavy-visual-effects/ |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=animationxpress.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Themes and influences ==<br /> The film takes inspiration from [[Hinduism]] as [[Kalki]] is the tenth and final incarnation of [[Vishnu]], who is a messiah during the [[Kali Yuga]]. Bhairava is an apparent reference to [[Bhairava|Kala Bhairava]], an avatar of the Hindu deity [[Shiva]].&lt;ref&gt;https://www.telugucinema.com/news/prabhas-plays-bhairava-in-kalki-2898-ad%3famp&lt;/ref&gt; A place that appears in the film, [[Sambhal|Shambhala]] (near modern-day [[Varanasi]]), is prophesied to be the birthplace of Kalki in scriptures. This concept was later borrowed into the [[Kalachakra]] tradition of [[Tibetan Buddhism]] where it is described a mystical kingdom somewhere beyond the [[Himalayas]] and also as a state of mind.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;शम्भल.&quot; [[Monier Monier-Williams|Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary]]. 1899.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Dictionary.com|shambhala}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Furthermore, director [[Nag Ashwin]] has openly stated that [[Star Wars]] had a huge influence on him growing up, and that it &quot;is subconsciously a part of my aesthetic&quot; in the making of the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;Star Wars&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Not Harry Potter, Nag Ashwin was inspired by these Hollywood films for Kalki 2898 AD |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/not-harry-potter-nag-ashwin-was-inspired-by-these-hollywood-films-for-kalki-2898-ad-2563638-2024-07-08 |access-date=3 July 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The character Luke was influenced by [[Luke Skywalker]]. The director also claimed that ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy (film)|Guardians of the Galaxy]]'' (2014) served as an inspiration as well.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Nag Ashwin reveals Hollywood movies Guardians of the Galaxy and Star Wars inspired Kalki 2898 AD | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/nag-ashwin-reveals-hollywood-movies-guardians-of-the-galaxy-and-star-wars-inspired-kalki-2898-ad-article-12764485.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kamal Haasan]] showed Ashwin centenarian Tibetan monks and [[Dorian Gray (character)|Dorian Gray]] for inspiration of the look of Yaskin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Star Wars&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> {{Main|Kalki 2898 AD (soundtrack)}}<br /> The music of the film was composed by [[Santhosh Narayanan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=5 February 2024 |title=Here's What 'Kalki 2898 AD' Music Director Santhosh Narayanan Has In Mind For Prabhas |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kalki-2898-ad-music-director-santhosh-narayanans-plans-for-prabhas-revealed/articleshow/107417336.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206020024/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kalki-2898-ad-music-director-santhosh-narayanans-plans-for-prabhas-revealed/articleshow/107417336.cms |archive-date=6 February 2024 |access-date=15 June 2024 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; The audio rights of the film were acquired by [[Saregama]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 May 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD: Saregama Acquires Audio Rights for Prabhas-Amitabh Bachchan Starrer |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-saregama-acquires-audio-rights-for-prabhas-amitabh-bachchan-starrer-enn24051605213 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524092501/https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-saregama-acquires-audio-rights-for-prabhas-amitabh-bachchan-starrer-enn24051605213 |archive-date=24 May 2024 |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=ETV Bharat}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first single titled &quot;Bhairava Anthem&quot; was released on 16 June 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD: Prabhas and Diljit Dosanjh team up for 'Bhairava Anthem': &quot;India's biggest song&quot; |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-prabhas-diljit-dosanjh-team-bhairava-anthem-indias-biggest-song/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616021010/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-prabhas-diljit-dosanjh-team-bhairava-anthem-indias-biggest-song/ |archive-date=16 June 2024 |access-date=16 June 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt; Three more singles— &quot;Theme of Kalki&quot;, &quot;Ta Takkara (Complex Song)&quot; and &quot;Hope of Shambala&quot;—followed on 25 June 2024, 29 June 2024, and 4 July 2024 respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=25 June 2024 |title='Theme Of Kalki' Song From 'Kalki 2898 AD' Is An 'Ode To Lord Krishna' – WATCH Video |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/theme-of-kalki-song-from-kalki-2898-ad-is-an-ode-to-lord-krishna-watch-video/articleshow/111266628.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625215903/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/theme-of-kalki-song-from-kalki-2898-ad-is-an-ode-to-lord-krishna-watch-video/articleshow/111266628.cms |archive-date=25 June 2024 |access-date=25 June 2024 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 June 2024 |title=Ta Takkara Complex Song from Kalki 2898 AD: Prabhas, Disha Patani live out their dreams |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/ta-takkara-complex-song-from-kalki-2898-ad-prabhas-disha-patani-live-out-their-dreams-101719646860463.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629092347/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/ta-takkara-complex-song-from-kalki-2898-ad-prabhas-disha-patani-live-out-their-dreams-101719646860463.html |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 July 2024 |title=Hope of Shambala song from Kalki 2898 AD out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jul/05/hope-of-shambala-song-from-kalki-2898-ad-out |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712172141/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jul/05/hope-of-shambala-song-from-kalki-2898-ad-out |archive-date=12 July 2024 |access-date=5 July 2024 |website=Cinema Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; The entire [[Kalki 2898 AD (soundtrack)|soundtrack album]] was released on 10 July 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kickstart Your Day With The #Kalki2898AD Album |url=https://x.com/VyjayanthiFilms/status/1811264465855479961 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822053218/https://x.com/VyjayanthiFilms/status/1811264465855479961 |archive-date=22 August 2024 |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=X (formerly Twitter)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalki 2898 AD (Telugu) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/56bqyn7qEMH0yagNm8Jheu?si |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710132752/https://open.spotify.com/album/56bqyn7qEMH0yagNm8Jheu?si |archive-date=10 July 2024 |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Spotify}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Marketing ==<br /> [[File:2023 San Diego Comic-Con International by Gage Skidmore, 012.jpg|thumb|269x269px|''Kalki 2898 AD'' team at the 2023 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br /> The film's first look was released on 19 July 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 July 2023 |title=Internet unhappy with Prabhas' first look from 'Project K', call him 'sasta Iron man' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/internet-unhappy-with-prabhas-first-look-from-project-k-call-him-sasta-iron-man-2408909-2023-07-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721145435/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/internet-unhappy-with-prabhas-first-look-from-project-k-call-him-sasta-iron-man-2408909-2023-07-19 |archive-date=21 July 2023 |access-date=21 July 2023 |website=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kalki 2898 A.D'' became the first [[Cinema of India|Indian film]] to be presented at [[San Diego Comic-Con]]'s Hall-H on 20 July 2023. At the event, the makers unveiled the official title and a glimpse of the film, following the release of a [[Limited series (comics)|limited]] [[comic strip]] [[Panel (comics)|panel]] depicting an important scene between &quot;The Raiders&quot; (followers of Kali) and Bhairava.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=20 July 2023 |title=Prabhas, Deepika Padukone Sci-Fi Film 'Kalki 2898 AD' Teaser Unveiled at San Diego Comic-Con |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/prabhas-deepika-padukone-kalki-2898-ad-tsan-diego-comic-con-1235675612/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721145435/https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/prabhas-deepika-padukone-kalki-2898-ad-tsan-diego-comic-con-1235675612/ |archive-date=21 July 2023 |access-date=21 July 2023 |website=Variety}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prabhas Was &quot;Bored&quot; Of The Blue Screen And Then Kalki 2898-AD Teaser Happened |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/rana-daggubati-says-prabhas-can-pass-whole-event-without-saying-a-word-at-comic-con-4228745 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721145435/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/rana-daggubati-says-prabhas-can-pass-whole-event-without-saying-a-word-at-comic-con-4228745 |archive-date=21 July 2023 |access-date=21 July 2023 |website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On the occasion of [[Maha Shivaratri|Maha Sivaratri]], the makers released a poster revealing [[Prabhas]]'s character as [[Bhairava]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 March 2024 |title='Kalki 2898 AD': Prabhas' First Look Poster and Character Name Out |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/south-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-prabhas-first-look-poster-and-character-name-out |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309082324/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/south-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-prabhas-first-look-poster-and-character-name-out |archive-date=9 March 2024 |access-date=9 March 2024 |work=TheQuint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Pait Chowdhury |first=Madhumanti |date=8 March 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD New Poster: Presenting Bhairava AKA Prabhas From The &quot;Future Streets Of Kasi&quot; |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-new-poster-presenting-bhairava-aka-prabhas-from-the-future-streets-of-kasi-5201153 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309082324/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-new-poster-presenting-bhairava-aka-prabhas-from-the-future-streets-of-kasi-5201153 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |access-date=9 March 2024 |publisher=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt; A new teaser introducing the character [[Ashwatthama]] was unveiled on 21 April 2024. Inspired by the immortal character from the ancient Indian epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'', Ashwatthama was portrayed by Amitabh Bachchan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Narain |first=Yatamanyu |date=21 April 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD: Amitabh Bachchan Looks Mysterious As Immortal 'Ashwatthama' In FIRST Teaser |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kalki-2898-ad-amitabh-bachchan-looks-mysterious-immortal-ashwatthama-8860819.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421142609/https://www.news18.com/movies/kalki-2898-ad-amitabh-bachchan-looks-mysterious-immortal-ashwatthama-8860819.html |archive-date=21 April 2024 |access-date=21 April 2024 |work=News18}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 27 April, the makers announced the new release date with a poster featuring Prabhas, Amitabh Bachchan and Deepika Padukone.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalki 2898 AD Update: Prabhas And Deepika Padukone's Film Locks New Release Date |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-update-prabhas-and-deepika-padukones-film-locks-release-date-5536447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511144526/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-update-prabhas-and-deepika-padukones-film-locks-release-date-5536447 |archive-date=11 May 2024 |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 April 2024, Prabhas took fans of cinema and cricket by surprise as he appeared as Bhairava for an [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] promotional video during [[Lucknow Super Giants]] vs [[Mumbai Indians]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |date=1 May 2024 |title=Watch: Prabhas surprises audience as Bhairava from 'Kalki 2898 AD' during IPL |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-surprises-audience-as-bhairava-kalki-2898-ad-during-ipl-match-2533736-2024-05-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511144526/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-surprises-audience-as-bhairava-kalki-2898-ad-during-ipl-match-2533736-2024-05-01 |archive-date=11 May 2024 |access-date=11 May 2024 |magazine=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 2 May 2024, Amitabh Bachchan appeared in his character of Ashwatthama where he delivered a motivational speech to the [[India national cricket team|Indian cricket team]] as they prepare for the [[ICC Men's T20 World Cup]] 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Hardika |date=3 May 2024 |title=Amitabh Bachchan As Ashwatthama Motivates Team India Ahead Of T20 World Cup 2024. Watch |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/amitabh-bachchan-as-ashwatthama-motivates-team-india-ahead-of-t20-world-cup-2024-watch-5579530 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511144527/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/amitabh-bachchan-as-ashwatthama-motivates-team-india-ahead-of-t20-world-cup-2024-watch-5579530 |archive-date=11 May 2024 |access-date=11 May 2024 |publisher=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 22 May 2024, in an event in [[Ramoji Film City]] in [[Hyderabad]], a teaser introducing Prabhas' Robot sidekick [[Artificial intelligence|AI]] [[humanoid]] vehicle &quot;Bujji&quot; was released.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=22 May 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD: Prabhas' sidekick Bujji's 'body' introduced with new teaser at an event. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-prabhas-sidekick-bujjis-body-introduced-with-new-teaser-at-an-event-watch-101716384280915.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522162824/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-prabhas-sidekick-bujjis-body-introduced-with-new-teaser-at-an-event-watch-101716384280915.html |archive-date=22 May 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Anand Mahindra]] wrote, &quot;we are so proud of Nag Ashwin and his tribe of filmmakers who aren't afraid to think big,&quot; while he shared that the engineers at [[Mahindra World City, Chennai|Mahindra Research Valley]] helped the ''Kalki 2898 AD'' team realise its vision for the futuristic vehicle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 May 2024 |title=How Prabhas' Kalki 2898 AD Partner &quot;Bujji&quot; Was Born? Anand Mahindra Reveals |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/how-prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-partner-bujji-was-born-anand-mahindra-reveals-5734161 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524114013/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/how-prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-partner-bujji-was-born-anand-mahindra-reveals-5734161 |archive-date=24 May 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024 |publisher=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 27 May 2024, the makers and [[Amazon Prime Video]] announced a two-part animated prelude, titled ''[[Bujji and Bhairava]]'', which was released on the platform on 31 May 2024 as part of the Kalki Cinematic Universe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2024 |title=Bujji and Bhairava's animated prelude from Prabhas-starrer Kalki 2898 AD to release soon. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/bujji-and-bhairava-s-animated-prelude-from-prabhas-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-to-release-soon-watch-101716821236376.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527180404/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/bujji-and-bhairava-s-animated-prelude-from-prabhas-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-to-release-soon-watch-101716821236376.html |archive-date=27 May 2024 |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD prelude titled Bujji and Bhairava; to start streaming from this date |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/kalki-2898-ad-prelude-titled-bujji-and-bhairava-9355256/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527180401/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/kalki-2898-ad-prelude-titled-bujji-and-bhairava-9355256/ |archive-date=27 May 2024 |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The official trailer of the film was released on 10 June 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Devansh |date=10 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD trailer: Prabhas, Deepika Padukone sci-fi film is packed with action and worldbuilding. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-trailer-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-kamal-haasan-watch-101718025573341.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610144255/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-trailer-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-kamal-haasan-watch-101718025573341.html |archive-date=10 June 2024 |access-date=10 June 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Concept art]]ists Sung Choi and Oliver Beck, alleged that the initial frames of the trailer used their artwork without permission or credits, the latter's from the artwork for ''[[Star Trek: Prodigy]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rawal |first=Sugandha |date=13 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD scene stolen from South Korean artiste's artwork? Internet advises him to sue production team |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kalki-2898-ad-scene-stolen-from-south-korean-artistes-artwork-internet-calls-it-shameful-terrible-101718256823426.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613235737/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kalki-2898-ad-scene-stolen-from-south-korean-artistes-artwork-internet-calls-it-shameful-terrible-101718256823426.html |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=13 June 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Maru |first=Vibha |date=21 June 2024 |title=Exclusive {{!}} Hollywood concept artist reveals Kalki 2898 AD makers approached him, later copied his work in trailer: 'Too much of a coincidence' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/hollywood-concept-artist-reveals-kalki-2898-ad-makers-approached-him-later-copied-his-work-9403938/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622015954/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/hollywood-concept-artist-reveals-kalki-2898-ad-makers-approached-him-later-copied-his-work-9403938/ |archive-date=22 June 2024 |access-date=22 June 2024 |work=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 19 June 2024, a prerelease event was held in Mumbai, with Prabhas, Amitabh Bachchan, Kamal Haasan, Deepika Padukone, Rana Daggubati, and the film's producers attending the event.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2024 |title=Prabhas and Kamal Haasan in Mumbai to attend Kalki 2898 AD pre-release event. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/prabhas-and-kamal-haasan-in-mumbai-to-attend-kalki-2898-ad-pre-release-event-watch-101718783253130.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619084858/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/prabhas-and-kamal-haasan-in-mumbai-to-attend-kalki-2898-ad-pre-release-event-watch-101718783253130.html |archive-date=19 June 2024 |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The release-trailer of the film was released on 21 June 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Release Trailer: Prabhas, Amitabh Bachchan, Deepika Padukone, And Kamal Haasan Steal The Internet By Storm – WATCH |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kalki-2898-ad-release-trailer-prabhas-amitabh-bachchan-deepika-padukone-and-kamal-haasan-steal-the-internet-by-storm-watc2 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; The theme song of the film, &quot;Theme of Kalki&quot;, was unveiled on the evening of 23 June 2024 in [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]]'s birthplace, [[Mathura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], along the banks of the [[Yamuna]] river.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 June 2024 |title=Theme Song Of Prabhas-Deepika Padukone-Starrer 'Kalki 2898 AD' To Be Unveiled In Mathura |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/theme-song-of-prabhas-deepika-padukone-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-to-be-unveiled-in-mathura |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623204139/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/theme-song-of-prabhas-deepika-padukone-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-to-be-unveiled-in-mathura |archive-date=23 June 2024 |access-date=24 June 2024 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 June 2024 |title='Theme of Kalki', the next song from 'Kalki 2898 AD' to be unveiled at Lord Krishna's birthplace, Mathura |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/theme-of-kalki-the-next-song-from-kalki-2898-ad-to-be-unveiled-at-lord-krishnas-birthplace-mathura/articleshow/111208440.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624015649/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/theme-of-kalki-the-next-song-from-kalki-2898-ad-to-be-unveiled-at-lord-krishnas-birthplace-mathura/articleshow/111208440.cms |archive-date=24 June 2024 |access-date=24 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, an interview conversation featuring Prabhas, Bachchan, Haasan, and Padukone, along with the producers, was also released on [[YouTube]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 June 2024 |title=Big B apologises to Prabhas' fans: Don't massacre me after you see 'Kalki 2898 AD' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amitabh-bachchan-apologises-to-prabhas-fans-dont-massacre-me-after-you-see-kalki-2898-ad-2557100-2024-06-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624050218/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amitabh-bachchan-apologises-to-prabhas-fans-dont-massacre-me-after-you-see-kalki-2898-ad-2557100-2024-06-24 |archive-date=24 June 2024 |access-date=24 June 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> <br /> === Theatrical ===<br /> ''Kalki 2898 AD'' was released in Telugu, Hindi, Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada languages.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=6 March 2022 |title=Prabhas recalls his first conversation with Deepika Padukone: 'She asked me if I'm shy. I said....' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/prabhas-recalls-his-first-conversation-with-deepika-padukone-on-project-k-sets-she-asked-me-if-i-m-shy-101646557482024.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175542/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/prabhas-recalls-his-first-conversation-with-deepika-padukone-on-project-k-sets-she-asked-me-if-i-m-shy-101646557482024.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was initially planned to be released in 2022, but was delayed to 9 May 2024 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and unfinished production works.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=8 May 2020 |title=Prabhas' next with Nag Ashwin to go on floors from October. Release in 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-next-with-nag-ashwin-to-go-on-floors-from-october-release-in-2022/articleshow/75618307.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729075120/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-next-with-nag-ashwin-to-go-on-floors-from-october-release-in-2022/articleshow/75618307.cms |archive-date=29 July 2022 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was, however, postponed again from 9 May to 27 June, owing to the [[2024 Indian general election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=27 April 2024 |title=Prabhas, Deepika Padukone, Amitabh Bachchan starrer Kalki 2898 AD to release on June 27 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-release-june-27/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427123602/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-release-june-27/ |archive-date=27 April 2024 |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Pre-bookings started in the United States on 6 June 2024, three weeks before the film's release. Nearly 4,200 tickets were sold on the first day of pre-bookings with a collection of {{USD|135 thousand}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 June 2024 |title=Prabhas' Kalki 2898 AD mints over Rs 1 crore in advance booking in just one day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-mints-over-rs-1-crore-in-advance-booking-in-just-one-day/articleshow/110785349.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624002610/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-mints-over-rs-1-crore-in-advance-booking-in-just-one-day/articleshow/110785349.cms |archive-date=24 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pre-bookings started in the UK, Canada and in Germany on 11 June 2024, two weeks before the film's release. After the trailer was released, the advance booking for the film in the US crossed over US$760K.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 June 2024 |title=Prabhas' Kalki 2898 AD sees a major push in North America advance booking post trailer release; earns over Rs 6 crore in just 5 days |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-sees-a-major-push-in-north-america-advance-booking-post-trailer-release-earns-over-rs-6-crore-in-just-5-days/articleshow/110897971.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011621/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-sees-a-major-push-in-north-america-advance-booking-post-trailer-release-earns-over-rs-6-crore-in-just-5-days/articleshow/110897971.cms |archive-date=12 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; 20,000 tickets were sold for the film's premiere in the UK.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 June 2024 |title='Kalki 2898 AD' bookings: Makers share sales numbers for the Prabhas-starrer's premiere shows |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kalki-2898-ad-bookings-makers-share-sales-numbers-for-the-prabhas-starrers-premiere-shows/article68335978.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627054403/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kalki-2898-ad-bookings-makers-share-sales-numbers-for-the-prabhas-starrers-premiere-shows/article68335978.ece |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pre-bookings in the US crossed US$1 million in fewer days than [[S. S. Rajamouli]]'s ''[[RRR]]'' (2022), thus becoming the fastest Indian film to achieve this feat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Beats RRR; Becomes The Fastest Indian Film To Surpass $1 Million In Pre-Sales In The US |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/kalki-2898-ad-beats-rrr-becomes-the-fastest-indian-film-to-surpass-1-million-in-pre-sales-in-the-us-article-110954543 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613104920/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/kalki-2898-ad-beats-rrr-becomes-the-fastest-indian-film-to-surpass-1-million-in-pre-sales-in-the-us-article-110954543 |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Times Now |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film was invited to 'Open Cinema' at the [[29th Busan International Film Festival]] and was screened at the outdoor theatre in October 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;biff:variety&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=3 September 2024 |title=Busan Film Festival Sets Park Chan-wook Scripted Netflix Title 'Uprising' as Opener, Expands Program Despite Slashed Funding |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/busan-film-festival-program-funding-cut-1236127897/ |access-date=7 September 2024 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title='Kalki 2898 AD' to be screened at Busan International Film Festival |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kalki-2898-ad-to-be-screened-at-busan-international-film-festival/articleshow/113689229.cms |access-date=26 September 2024 |work=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was featured at the [[55th International Film Festival of India|55th IFFI]] in the Indian Panorama Mainstream section.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=B. V. S. |date=20 November 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD, 35 Chinna Katha Kaadu in IFFI race |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-35-chinna-katha-kaadu-in-iffi-race-1839758 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Release:Press Information Bureau |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2067711}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Distribution ===<br /> [[Annapurna Studios]] along with [[Vyjayanthi Movies#Swapna Cinema|Swapna Cinema]] distributed the film across [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=x.com |url=https://x.com/AnnapurnaStdios/status/1805966811210694887?t=NohIqJ8sN6hnE2tI1_cLVg&amp;s=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Global Cinemas acquired the Nizam area distribution rights&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 April 2024 |title=Prabhas' Kalki 2898 AD Nizam Rights Sold For a Record Price |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-nizam-rights-sold-for-a-record-price-article-109702924 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=Times Now}}&lt;/ref&gt; while [[Dulquer Salmaan]]'s Wayfarer Films acquired the distribution rights in [[Kerala]] for ₹6 crores.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Santhosh |first=Vivek |date=12 June 2024 |title=Dulquer Salmaan's Wayfarer Films has acquired the Kerala distribution rights for Prabhas-starrer Kalki 2898 AD |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jun/12/dulquer-salmaans-wayfarer-films-has-acquired-the-kerala-distribution-rights-for-prabhas-starrer-kalki-2898-ad |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627090305/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jun/12/dulquer-salmaans-wayfarer-films-has-acquired-the-kerala-distribution-rights-for-prabhas-starrer-kalki-2898-ad |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[KVN Productions]] acquired the distribution rights in [[Karnataka]] for ₹30 crores,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 June 2024 |title=KVN Productions Bags Karnataka Distribution Rights For Prabhas-Starrer Kalki 2898 AD |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/kvn-productions-bags-karnataka-distribution-rights-for-prabhas-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-article-110615575 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601144140/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/kvn-productions-bags-karnataka-distribution-rights-for-prabhas-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-article-110615575 |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Times Now |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; while the distribution rights for [[North India]] were acquired by Anil Thadani of [[AA Films]] for ₹100 crores.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 April 2024 |title=AA Films Bets Big on Pan-India Films |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/pushpa-2-kalki-devara-game-changer-anil-thadanis-aa-lineup-889803 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427124412/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/pushpa-2-kalki-devara-game-changer-anil-thadanis-aa-lineup-889803 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 April 2024 |title=Business Talk: Kalki and Indian 2 fetch hefty advance in North India from Anil Thadani and Pen Marudhar |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/business-talk-kalki-and-indian-2-fetch-hefty-advance-in-north-india-from-anil-thadani-and-pen-marudhar-1296108 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417104046/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/business-talk-kalki-and-indian-2-fetch-hefty-advance-in-north-india-from-anil-thadani-and-pen-marudhar-1296108 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |access-date=18 April 2024 |website=Pinkvilla}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Tamil Nadu]] distribution rights were acquired by Sri Lakshmi Movies.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=x.com |url=https://x.com/SriLakshmiMovie/status/1806212002978967820?t=ih6o7Po-nrGm0a0eRAQzSw&amp;s=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prathyangira Cinemas along with AA Creations acquired the distribution rights across North America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=25 May 2024 |title=Prabhas and Deepika Padukone starrer 'Kalki 2898 AD' earns Rs 50 crore from North America theatrical rights |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/prabhas-and-deepika-padukone-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-earns-rs-50-crore-from-north-america-theatrical-rights/articleshow/110418224.cms |access-date=25 May 2024 |work=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Prerelease business ===<br /> According to Indian trade sources, the prerelease business of ''Kalki 2898 AD'' included the sale of satellite, digital, music, and theatrical rights, with ₹390 crore earned from theatrical rights.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Pre Release Business: Prabhas, Deepika film Valued at 390Cr Plus Worldwide for Box Office Rights |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/kalki-2898-ad-pre-release-business-prabhas-deepika-film-valued-at-380cr-plus-worldwide-for-box-office-rights-1319577 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625213241/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/kalki-2898-ad-pre-release-business-prabhas-deepika-film-valued-at-380cr-plus-worldwide-for-box-office-rights-1319577 |archive-date=25 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 July 2024 |title=Indian Sci-Fi Epic 'Kalki 2898 AD' Bows in Third Place Worldwide as 'Inside Out 2,' 'A Quiet Place: Day One' Lead International Box Office |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/kalki-2898-ad-inside-out-2-a-quiet-place-day-one-international-box-office-1236057781/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701084019/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/kalki-2898-ad-inside-out-2-a-quiet-place-day-one-international-box-office-1236057781/ |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |quote=Vyjayanthi Movies' &quot;Kalki 2898 AD,&quot; one of the most expensive Indian films ever made with the budget estimated to be $72 million, had a $43 million worldwide three-day weekend, including $5.4 million in North America. The film released on Thursday, June 27, across 42 territories, and its total worldwide gross is currently at $66 million, including previews and $10 million from North America, where it debuted in fifth place.}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film's overseas distribution rights were acquired by The Village Groupe for ₹80 crore.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 June 2024 |title=Kalki: Prabhas' Biggest Test Without SSR |url=https://www.m9.news/movienews/kalki-2898-ad-box-office-biggest-test-for-prabhas-without-rajamouli/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623042506/https://www.m9.news/movienews/kalki-2898-ad-box-office-biggest-test-for-prabhas-without-rajamouli/ |archive-date=23 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=M9.news |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Home media ===<br /> The post-theatrical digital streaming rights were acquired by [[Amazon Prime Video]] for {{INR|200 crores}}, while [[Netflix]] acquired the rights for {{INR|175 crores}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; It premiered on Amazon Prime Video on 22 August 2024 in Telugu along with the [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]] and [[Kannada]] dubbed versions, while the [[Hindi]] dubbed version was released simultaneously on Netflix.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=27 June 2024 |title=Two OTT Platforms Acquire Kalki 2898 AD Streaming Rights: Report |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/two-ott-platforms-acquire-kalki-2898-ad-streaming-rights-report-8946751.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627111028/https://www.news18.com/movies/two-ott-platforms-acquire-kalki-2898-ad-streaming-rights-report-8946751.html |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=News18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=19 August 2024 |title=EXPLAINED: Why the Prabhas starrer Kalki 2898 AD and other Pan-India films are available on different streaming giants 2898 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/explained-prabhas-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-pan-india-films-available-different-streaming-giants/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821192309/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/explained-prabhas-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-pan-india-films-available-different-streaming-giants/ |archive-date=21 August 2024 |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 August 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD released on OTT: Where to watch Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam language versions |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/kalki-2898-ad-released-on-ott-where-to-watch-hindi-telugu-tamil-kannada-malayalam-language-versions/articleshow/112696620.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822072147/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/kalki-2898-ad-released-on-ott-where-to-watch-hindi-telugu-tamil-kannada-malayalam-language-versions/articleshow/112696620.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=22 August 2024 |access-date=22 August 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title=Prabhas starrer Kalki 2898 AD to stream on both Amazon Prime Video and Netflix from August 22 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kalki-2989-ad-premiere-globally-prime-video-august-22/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821051230/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kalki-2989-ad-premiere-globally-prime-video-august-22/ |archive-date=21 August 2024 |access-date=21 August 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt; The satellite rights were acquired by [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 January 2025 |title=Zee Telugu to premiere Kalki 2898 AD this Sankranti |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/zee-telugu-to-premiere-kalki-2898-ad-this-sankranti/ |access-date=2 February 2025 |website=medianews4u.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> === Box office ===<br /> ''Kalki 2898 AD'' grossed ₹180 crore worldwide on its opening day, which was the third [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest first day gross for an Indian film]], with over ₹95 crore gross from India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=28 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD surpasses global opening records, collects Rs 95 crore on day 1 |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/kalki-2898-ad-surpasses-global-opening-records-collects-rs-95-crore-on-day-1-1038009-2024-06-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628155658/https://www.indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/kalki-2898-ad-surpasses-global-opening-records-collects-rs-95-crore-on-day-1-1038009-2024-06-28 |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |work=India Today NE}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film recorded the biggest opening for an Indian film in 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD worldwide box office collection day 1: Prabhas, Deepika Padukone's film collects ₹191.5 crore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-worldwide-box-office-collection-day-1-prabhas-deepika-padukones-film-collects-191-5-crore-101719563153677.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629103820/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-worldwide-box-office-collection-day-1-prabhas-deepika-padukones-film-collects-191-5-crore-101719563153677.html |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film almost crossed ₹250 crore in two days, earning ₹149.3 crore from India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD box office collections: Prabhas film has a strong hold on day 2, Tops 250cr worldwide |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/kalki-2898-ad-box-office-collections-prabhas-film-has-a-strong-hold-on-day-2-tops-250cr-worldwide-1322339 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629090744/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/kalki-2898-ad-box-office-collections-prabhas-film-has-a-strong-hold-on-day-2-tops-250cr-worldwide-1322339 |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024 |work=Pinkvilla}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kalki 2898 AD'' debuted in third place at the worldwide box office, behind ''[[Inside Out 2]]'' and ''[[A Quiet Place: Day One]]'' in their opening weekends.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=1 July 2024 |title=Indian Sci-Fi Epic 'Kalki 2898 AD' Bows in Third Place Worldwide as 'Inside Out 2,' 'A Quiet Place: Day One' Lead International Box Office |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/kalki-2898-ad-inside-out-2-a-quiet-place-day-one-international-box-office-1236057781/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709121117/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/kalki-2898-ad-inside-out-2-a-quiet-place-day-one-international-box-office-1236057781/ |archive-date=9 July 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; It grossed an estimated ₹484 crore worldwide from its opening weekend of four days,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Jatinder |date=1 July 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD box office collections: Prabhas starrer opens with USD 17M overseas for 480cr+ worldwide |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/kalki-2898-ad-box-office-collections-prabhas-starrer-opens-with-usd-17m-overseas-for-475cr-worldwide-1322760 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701065729/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/kalki-2898-ad-box-office-collections-prabhas-starrer-opens-with-usd-17m-overseas-for-475cr-worldwide-1322760 |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and ₹800 crore in 11 days of release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=6 July 2024 |title='Kalki 2898 AD' crosses Rs 800 crore mark at global box-office |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kalki-2898-ad-crosses-rs-800-crore-mark-at-global-box-office/article68374479.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707011705/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kalki-2898-ad-crosses-rs-800-crore-mark-at-global-box-office/article68374479.ece |archive-date=7 July 2024 |access-date=7 July 2024 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |agency=Press Trust of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; It became the fourth highest-grossing Indian film of all time in India, surpassing [[Shah Rukh Khan]]'s ''[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]'' (2023) in 40 days.&lt;ref name=&quot;india today-2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 August 2024 |title='Kalki' finally beats 'Jawan' at box office, becomes 4th highest-grossing Indian film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kalki-2898-ad-finally-beats-jawan-box-office-becomes-4th-highest-grossing-indian-film-of-all-time-prabhas-vs-shah-rukh-khan-2578212-2024-08-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807120648/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kalki-2898-ad-finally-beats-jawan-box-office-becomes-4th-highest-grossing-indian-film-of-all-time-prabhas-vs-shah-rukh-khan-2578212-2024-08-07 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=8 August 2024 |work=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;moneycontrol-2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=6 August 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD box office collection: Prabhas' sci-fi drama BEATS Shah Rukh Khan's Jawan as it becomes the fourth highest grossing film in India |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-box-office-collection-prabhas-sci-fi-drama-beats-shah-rukh-khans-jawan-as-it-becomes-the-fourth-highest-grossing-film-in-india-article-12788999.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806145741/https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-box-office-collection-prabhas-sci-fi-drama-beats-shah-rukh-khans-jawan-as-it-becomes-the-fourth-highest-grossing-film-in-india-article-12788999.html |archive-date=6 August 2024 |access-date=6 August 2024 |work=Moneycontrol}}&lt;/ref&gt; During its theatrical run of over 50 days, the film has grossed {{Estimation}}₹1,180 crore worldwide against a production budget of ₹600 crore.{{efn|name=&quot;kalki&quot;|''Kalki 2898 AD''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹1,042 (''[[The Financial Express (India)]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 December 2024 |title=Changing dynamics of box-office as Indian movies break records in 2024 – List of six highest grossing films |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment-changing-dynamics-of-box-office-as-indian-movies-break-records-in-2024-list-of-six-highest-grossing-films-3697006/ |access-date=31 December 2024 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;) –₹1,052.5 crore (''[[ThePrint]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Tina |date=31 December 2024 |title=Telugu films were most successful in 2024. No wonder Anurag Kashyap wants to ditch Bollywood |url=https://theprint.in/feature/telugu-films-were-most-successful-in-2024-no-wonder-anurag-kashyap-wants-to-ditch-bollywood/2425845/ |access-date=31 December 2024 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;) – ₹1,100 crore (''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title=Confirmed: Prabhas' Kalki 2898 AD to stream on Prime Video from this date! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/confirmed-kalki-2898-ad-to-stream-on-prime-video-from-this-date-1817078 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827134626/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/confirmed-kalki-2898-ad-to-stream-on-prime-video-from-this-date-1817078 |archive-date=27 August 2024 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Business Standard'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Sudeep Singh |date=30 August 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD sequel shooting to begin in 2025, the producers confirm |url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-sequel-shooting-to-begin-in-2025-the-producers-confirm-124083001005_1.html |website=Business Standard}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Deccan Herald]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title='Kalki 2898 AD' to stream on Prime Video from August 22 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-to-stream-on-prime-video-from-august-22-3154110 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817231702/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-to-stream-on-prime-video-from-august-22-3154110 |archive-date=17 August 2024 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=Deccan Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Hindustan Times]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 August 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD starts streaming now: Where to watch Prabhas, Deepika Padukone, Amitabh Bachchan's new film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-starts-streaming-now-where-to-watch-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-new-film-101724296684337.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827134506/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-starts-streaming-now-where-to-watch-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-new-film-101724296684337.html |archive-date=27 August 2024 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[The Statesman (India)|''The Statesman'']]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=Deepika shines as 'Sumathi' in Kalki 2898 AD, film hits 1100 cr |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/deepika-shines-as-sumathi-in-kalki-2898-ad-film-hits-1100-cr-1503325486.html/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728173403/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/deepika-shines-as-sumathi-in-kalki-2898-ad-film-hits-1100-cr-1503325486.html/amp |archive-date=28 July 2024 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=The Statesman}}&lt;/ref&gt;)}}<br /> <br /> === Critical response ===<br /> While ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' mentioned mixed reviews and [[WION]] wrote that the film &quot;failed to impress&quot;, ''[[India Today]]'' commented that the reviews were positive.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Prabhas's Kalki 2898 AD OTT Release Details |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/kalki-2898-ad-digital-streaming-on-amazon-prime-video-901198 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628152620/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/kalki-2898-ad-digital-streaming-on-amazon-prime-video-901198 |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=Deccan Chronicle |quote=The film has received mixed feedback with both critics and the public pointing out its strengths and weaknesses.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Twitter Review: Netizens hail Amitabh Bachchan's age-defying performance |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-kalki-2898-ad-twitter-review-netizens-hail-amitabh-bachchans-age-defying-performance-735709 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701174515/https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-kalki-2898-ad-twitter-review-netizens-hail-amitabh-bachchans-age-defying-performance-735709 |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |publisher=WION |quote=Speaking of critics' opinion, Nag Ashwin's movie has failed to impress them. Many have slammed the convoluted plot, while others questioned whether the VFX was the only thing that the makers have solely focused on.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2024 |title='Kalki 2898 AD' box office Day 1: Prabhas's film opens to whopping Rs 180 crore? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kalki-2898-ad-box-office-day-1-prabhass-film-opens-to-whopping-rs-180-crore-2559355-2024-06-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628025458/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kalki-2898-ad-box-office-day-1-prabhass-film-opens-to-whopping-rs-180-crore-2559355-2024-06-28 |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=India Today |language=en |quote=The film received positive reviews with a few complaints about a slow first half.}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=77|count=39|average=7.1|consensus=A colourful spectacle that competes with Hollywood blockbusters while retaining its own distinctive flavor, Kalki 2898 AD marks a rousing breakthrough in Tollywood sci-fi cinema.|ref=yes |access-date=25 July 2024}} {{Metacritic film prose|1=65|2=8}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalki 2898 AD Reviews |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/kalki-2898-ad/ |access-date=2 February 2025 |website=www.metacritic.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A critic for ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' rated the film 4 stars out of 5 and wrote, &quot;On the whole, ''Kalki 2898 AD'' stands as a grandiose spectacle that depicts the future like never before in Indian cinema and also merges mythology seamlessly, thereby delivering a unique experience to the audiences.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=27 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Movie Review: KALKI 2898 AD delivers a unique experience to audiences. |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kalki-2898-ad/critic-review/kalki-2898-ad-movie-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627083822/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kalki-2898-ad/critic-review/kalki-2898-ad-movie-review/ |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chirag Sehgal of [[News18 India|''News18'']] gave 4/5 stars and wrote, &quot;It combines action with visual spectacle and mythology with technology and science – which makes the film worth watching.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Review: Prabhas Impresses As Modern-Day 'Karan' But It Is Amitabh Bachchan's Show |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kalki-2898-ad-review-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-kamal-haasan-8946200.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627074723/https://www.news18.com/movies/kalki-2898-ad-review-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-kamal-haasan-8946200.html |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Goutam S of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote, &quot;If you are a lover of films which has a grand scale, [''sic''] epic narration, amazing visuals, groundbreaking performances, and unbelievable storytelling, then surely watch this feast of a movie in the screens near you.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Movie Review: Prabhas starrer is a glorious epic feast with Amitabh Bachchan and Kamal Haasan capturing everyone's attention |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/kalki-2898-ad-movie-review-prabhas-starrer-is-a-glorious-epic-feast-with-amitabh-bachchan-and-kamal-haasan-capturing-everyones-attention-1321497 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627102031/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/kalki-2898-ad-movie-review-prabhas-starrer-is-a-glorious-epic-feast-with-amitabh-bachchan-and-kamal-haasan-capturing-everyones-attention-1321497 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Guardian]]'' gave a rating of 4 out of 5, describing it as a &quot;maximalist sci-fi epic that mixes ''[[Mahabharata]]'' with ''[[Mad Max]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |date=28 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD review – maximalist sci-fi epic mixes Mahabharata with Mad Max |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/article/2024/jun/28/kalki-2898-ad-review-amitabh-bachchan-sci-fi-movie-mahabharata-mad-max |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709121117/https://www.theguardian.com/film/article/2024/jun/28/kalki-2898-ad-review-amitabh-bachchan-sci-fi-movie-mahabharata-mad-max |archive-date=9 July 2024 |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote, &quot;Like [[Baahubali: The Beginning|''Baahubali'']], ''Kalki 2898 AD'' ends on a cliffhanger and paves the way for a new cinematic world altogether. The surprise cameos, even though leaked by Prabhas himself, were perfect theatrical moments.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Review: Prabhas reigns supreme, Big B and Deepika Padukone exceptional |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/kalki-2898-ad-review-prabhas-supremacy-reign-amitabh-bachchan-deepika-padukone-impress-2558959-2024-06-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627091356/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/kalki-2898-ad-review-prabhas-supremacy-reign-amitabh-bachchan-deepika-padukone-impress-2558959-2024-06-27 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Collider (website)|''Collider'']] in its review said, &quot;''Kalki 2898 AD'' is a unique sci-fi epic that successfully combines supernatural elements with cutting-edge technology&quot;, while appreciating performances of the lead cast particularly Prabhas and Bachchan, and the screenplay by Nag Ashwin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ewing |first=Jeff |date=28 June 2024 |title='Kalki 2898 AD' Review: This Ambitious Sci-Fi Epic Builds a World Worth Seeing |url=https://collider.com/kalki-2898-ad-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628190405/https://collider.com/kalki-2898-ad-review/ |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, &quot;Prabhas may be the face of ''Kalki 2898 AD'''s heroics but the real bang for your buck is delivered in Amitabh Bachchan's indefatigable energy providing Kalki's biggest wolf-whistle moments.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Review: The Force Is Strong |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/kalki-2898-ad-review/20240627.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627132552/https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/kalki-2898-ad-review/20240627.htm |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Rediff}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ronek Kotecha of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote, &quot;The film's visual quality is so high that it overshadows many of its obvious flaws by engaging the audience into the atmospherics of the make-believe world of Kasi and the Complex.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 – AD Movie Review : Big B's powerful punches and stunning visuals shine above the film's flaws |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/kalki-2898-ad/movie-review/111302049.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627054407/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/kalki-2898-ad/movie-review/111302049.cms |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sashidar Adivi of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote, &quot;Overall, the film is a VFX wonder. The setup and the universe are brilliant, however, the writing needs introspection.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Movie Review: Prabhas, Amitabh Bachchan, Deepika Padukone's Dystopian Film Is A VFX Wonder |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/kalki-2898-ad-movie-review-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-kamal-haasans-dystopian-film-is-complex-and-gripping-review-111285500 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627054319/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/kalki-2898-ad-movie-review-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-kamal-haasans-dystopian-film-is-complex-and-gripping-review-111285500 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Times Now |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Avad Mohammed of ''[[HT Media|OTTPlay]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote, &quot;On the whole, ''Kalki 2898 AD'' is a technically brilliant film with never-before-seen visuals in an Indian film. The presence of A-listers and amazing action episodes make for a big-screen watch. Just ignore the slow pace.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalki 2898 AD Review – A visual spectacle that commands a big screen watch |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/kalki-2898-ad-review-a-visual-spectacle-that-commands-a-big-screen-watch/65e2a836a4508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627102032/https://www.ottplay.com/review/kalki-2898-ad-review-a-visual-spectacle-that-commands-a-big-screen-watch/65e2a836a4508 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bunbury of ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' wrote, &quot;It is terrific, cathartic fun – and, given that Vishnu's next avatar has apparently yet to be born, what is described in the marketing blurbs as the Kalki Cinematic Universe can be expected to rage, burn and rip-roar for a good few editions yet, leaving audiences happily flattened with exhaustion&quot; and praised Nag Ashwin's work.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bunbury |first=Stephanie |date=1 July 2024 |title='Kalki 2898 AD' Review: Prabhas Epic Is Terrific, Cathartic Fun |url=https://deadline.com/2024/07/kalki-2898-ad-review-prabhas-1235998344/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702010436/https://deadline.com/2024/07/kalki-2898-ad-review-prabhas-1235998344/ |archive-date=2 July 2024 |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; B. V. S. Prakash of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote, &quot;Director Nag Ashwin had a reason to cast big guns like Amitabh and Kamal to carry unthinkable roles and it paid off.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Sci-fi wonder, 3D thrill, Big B, yet Kalki falters on contrived plot |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/kalki-2898-ad-review-rating-901132 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115705/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/kalki-2898-ad-review-rating-901132 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote, &quot;It falls back on the sheer sweep of mounting and execution to make up for what lacks in terms of the writing.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalki 2898 AD Review: Prabhas' Film Has Firepower That An Aspiring Futuristic Franchise Needs |work=NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-review-prabhas-film-has-firepower-that-an-aspiring-futuristic-franchise-needs-2-5-stars-5981738 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627105744/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-review-prabhas-film-has-firepower-that-an-aspiring-futuristic-franchise-needs-2-5-stars-5981738 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, &quot;Despite these shortcomings, ''Kalki'' is a brave new attempt that deserves big cheers.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=27 June 2024 |title='Kalki 2898 AD' movie review: Prabhas and Amitabh Bachchan shine in a visually stunning drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kalki-2898-ad-movie-review-prabhas-and-amitabh-bachchan-shine-in-a-visually-stunning-drama/article68339482.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627091417/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kalki-2898-ad-movie-review-prabhas-and-amitabh-bachchan-shine-in-a-visually-stunning-drama/article68339482.ece |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Neeshita Nyayapathi of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote, &quot;Nag Ashwin's dystopian film might not be flawless, but it's gutsy and intriguing enough to be watched on-screen.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD review: Giants Amitabh Bachchan, Kamal Haasan overshadow Prabhas, Deepika Padukone in Ashwin's gutsy epic |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-review-giants-amitabh-bachchan-kamal-haasan-overshadow-prabhas-deepika-padukone-in-ashwins-gutsy-epic-101719470022211.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627102028/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-review-giants-amitabh-bachchan-kamal-haasan-overshadow-prabhas-deepika-padukone-in-ashwins-gutsy-epic-101719470022211.html |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards and nominations==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;<br /> <br /> |+Name of the award ceremony, year presented, award category, nominee(s) of the award, and the result of the nomination<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Award ceremony<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Category<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nominee(s)/work(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Result<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;10&quot; | [[South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; rowspan=&quot;10&quot;| [[13th South Indian International Movie Awards|5 September 2025]]<br /> | [[SIIMA Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film - Telugu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| [[Vyjayanthi Movies]]<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; | {{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=SIIMA 2025 Winners (Telugu): Allu Arjun, Rashmika Are Best Actors; Kalki 2898 AD Bags Best Film |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/telugu-cinema/siima-2025-winners-telugu-allu-arjun-rashmika-are-best-actors-kalki-2898-ad-bags-best-film-9552659.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 September 2025 |title=SIIMA 2025 list of winners: Allu Arjun bags top prize for Pushpa 2; Amitabh Bachchan, Kamal Haasan win for Kalki 2898 AD |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/siima-2025-winners-allu-arjun-rashmika-mandanna-pushpa-2-the-rule-amitabh-bachchan-kamal-haasan-kalki-2898-ad-101757128274719.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SIIMA 2025: Allu Arjun, Rashmika Mandanna Win Big. Full List Of Winners (Telugu, Kannada)&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=6 September 2025 |title=SIIMA 2025: Allu Arjun, Rashmika Mandanna Win Big. Full List Of Winners (Telugu, Kannada) |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/siima-2025-allu-arjun-rashmika-mandanna-win-big-full-list-of-winners-telugu-kannada-9227029 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250906173814/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/siima-2025-allu-arjun-rashmika-mandanna-win-big-full-list-of-winners-telugu-kannada-9227029 |archive-date=6 September 2025 |access-date=6 September 2025 |publisher=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor (male) - Telugu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| [[Amitabh Bachchan]]<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor (Female) - Telugu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| [[Anna Ben]]<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role - Telugu|Best Negative Role Actor - Telugu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| [[Kamal Haasan]]<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SIIMA Award for Best Director - Telugu|Best Director - Telugu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| [[Nag Ashwin]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SIIMA Award for Best Cinematographer - Telugu|Best Cinematographer - Telugu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|[[Djordje Stojiljkovic]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor - Telugu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|[[Prabhas]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress - Telugu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|[[Deepika Padukone]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SIIMA Award for Best Comedian – Telugu|Best Comedian - Telugu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|[[Brahmanandam]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SIIMA Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director - Telugu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|[[Santhosh Narayanan]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Telangana Gaddar Film Awards]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|[[Telangana Gaddar Film Awards of 2024|14 June 2025]]<br /> |[[Telangana Gaddar Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|[[C. Aswini Dutt]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Nag Ashwin]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | {{center|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gaddar Telangana Film Awards 2024 full list of winners: Kalki 2898 AD wins best film, Allu Arjun wins best actor|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/gaddar-telangana-film-awards-2024-full-list-of-winners-kalki-2898-ad-wins-best-film-allu-arjun-wins-best-actor-101748511071615.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=29 May 2025|access-date=25 January 2026|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Director<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| Nag Ashwin<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Art Director<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Adnithin Zihani Choudhary<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Costume Designer<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Archana Rao&lt;br/&gt;Ajay Kumar<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Future ==<br /> In late May 2024, it was reported that the film would have a [[sequel]]. On 26 June 2024, a day prior to the film's release, Ashwin commented on ''Kalki 2898 AD: Part 2'' and stated that it would begin three years later.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2024 |title=It's Official! Prabhas's Kalki 2898 AD Part 2 (Sequel) In The Making |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/prabhass-kalki-2898-ad-part-2-sequel-in-the-making-article-111308472 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627090307/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/prabhass-kalki-2898-ad-part-2-sequel-in-the-making-article-111308472 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=Times Now |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the mid-credits, it was revealed to be part of a media franchise named Kalki Cinematic Universe which had earlier been teased in ''[[Bujji &amp; Bhairava]]'', an animated series released before the film and serving as its &quot;prelude&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=28 June 2024 |title='Kalki 2898 AD' sequel: The film leaves an opening for part 2! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kalki-2898-ad-sequel-the-film-leaves-an-opening-for-part-2/articleshow/111332325.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628063407/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kalki-2898-ad-sequel-the-film-leaves-an-opening-for-part-2/articleshow/111332325.cms |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hindustan times-2024&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> On 29 June 2024, producer C. Aswani Dutt announced that 60% of the filming for ''Kalki 2898 AD: Part 2'' has been completed, with several major segments still remaining to be shot.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 June 2024 |title='Kalki 2898 AD' sequel shoot almost complete, says producer Ashwini Dutt |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kalki-2898-ad-sequel-shoot-almost-complete-says-producer-ashwini-dutt-2560042-2024-06-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709121134/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kalki-2898-ad-sequel-shoot-almost-complete-says-producer-ashwini-dutt-2560042-2024-06-29 |archive-date=9 July 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kamal Haasan On His Limited Screen Time In Kalki 2898 AD: &quot;Will Have More To Do In The Second Part&quot; |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kamal-haasan-on-his-limited-screen-time-in-kalki-2898-ad-will-have-more-to-do-in-the-second-part-5996618 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629121708/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kamal-haasan-on-his-limited-screen-time-in-kalki-2898-ad-will-have-more-to-do-in-the-second-part-5996618 |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024 |website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 18 September 2025, the producers announced that they have officially parted ways with Deepika Padukone on the sequel owing to undisclosed reasons. Padukone was fired from the sequel and blacklisted by the studio. Her role is set to be recast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalki 2898 AD makers officially removed Deepika Padukone over 'demands of fee increase, five-star accommodation for 25 people': report |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kalki-2898-ad-makers-officially-removed-deepika-padukone-over-demands-of-fee-increase-five-star-accommodation-for-25-people-report-10257267/lite/ |date=18 September 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Principal photography for the sequel began in 24 February 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Kalki 2 goes on floors; Kamal Haasan, Amitabh Bachchan reunite |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kalki-2-kamal-haasan-amitabh-bachchan-prabhas-nag-ashwin/article70670246.ece |work=The Hindu |date=24 February 2026 |access-date=24 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * {{anl|1000 Crore Club}}<br /> * [[List of science fiction films of the 2020s]]<br /> * [[Science fiction films in India]]<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|kalki-2898-ad}}<br /> {{Nag Ashwin}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2020s dark fantasy films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s dystopian films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s fantasy action films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s fantasy adventure films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s science fiction adventure films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s science fiction war films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 war films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s Western (genre) science fiction films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 3D films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 science fiction action films]]<br /> [[Category:Apocalyptic films]]<br /> [[Category:Cross-dressing in Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Cyberpunk films]]<br /> [[Category:Demons in film]] &lt;!--[[Kali (demon)]] --&gt;<br /> [[Category:Epic fantasy films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about ageing]]<br /> [[Category:Films about artificial intelligence]]<br /> [[Category:Films about bounty hunters]]<br /> [[Category:Films about curses]]<br /> [[Category:Films about deities]]<br /> [[Category:Films about fascism]]&lt;!--https://criticalcollective.in/SpecialProjectEssayListing.aspx?id=1735--&gt;<br /> [[Category:Films about genetic engineering]]<br /> [[Category:Films about genocide]]<br /> [[Category:Films about holography]]<br /> [[Category:Films about immortality]]<br /> [[Category:Films about mass surveillance]]<br /> [[Category:Films about old age]]<br /> [[Category:Films about orphans]]<br /> [[Category:Films about poverty in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films about rebellions]]<br /> [[Category:Films about reincarnation]]<br /> [[Category:Films about robots]]<br /> [[Category:Films about social class]]<br /> [[Category:Films about water scarcity]]<br /> [[Category:Films adapted into comics]]<br /> [[Category:Films adapted into television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on the Bhagavata Purana]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on the Mahabharata]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Nag Ashwin]]<br /> [[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Santhosh Narayanan]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in deserts]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in the 29th century]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in the 3rd millennium]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in the 4th millennium BC]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Campania]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Varanasi]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu mythological films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu mythology in popular culture]]<br /> [[Category:Films about human experimentation]]<br /> [[Category:Indian 3D films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian 4DX films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action adventure films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian dark fantasy films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian dystopian films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian fantasy action films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian fantasy adventure films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian IMAX films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian mythology in popular culture]]<br /> [[Category:Indian post-apocalyptic films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian pregnancy films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian religious epic films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian science fiction action films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian science fiction adventure films]]<br /> [[Category:Kali (demon)]]<br /> [[Category:Mecha films]]<br /> [[Category:Megacities in fiction]]<br /> [[Category:Messianism]]<br /> [[Category:Military science fiction films]]<br /> [[Category:Religious fantasy films]]<br /> [[Category:Religious science fiction films]]<br /> [[Category:Science fantasy films]]<br /> [[Category:Fiction about totalitarianism]]<br /> [[Category:Transhumanism in film]]<br /> [[Category:Vyjayanthi Movies films]]<br /> [[Category:Weapons of mass destruction in fiction]]<br /> [[Category:2024 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha&diff=477680 2026-03-28T07:32:58Z

<p>JulianaThurston: starting basic info basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Members of Lok Sabha (2024-)}}<br /> {{Other uses|Member of Parliament (India)}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br /> This is a '''list of members of the [[18th Lok Sabha]]''' arranged by the [[States and union territories of India|states and union territories]] they are elected from. These [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MPs]] were elected in the [[2024 Indian general election]] held in April–June 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lok Sabha Election 2024 Schedule: Elections Date, Month, Seats, States and Candidates |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-schedule |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lok Sabha Elections 2024 Results: Full List of winners on all 543 seats&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=The Indian Express|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2024 Results: Full List of winners on all 543 seats|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/2019-general-election-schedule/full-list-of-winners-in-lok-sabha-elections-2024-9364542/|accessdate=5 June 2024|date=4 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605115428/https://indianexpress.com/elections/2019-general-election-schedule/full-list-of-winners-in-lok-sabha-elections-2024-9364542/|archivedate=5 June 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lok Sabha Election Results 2024: Full list of constituency-wise winners, parties and margin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=India TV News|first1=|last2=|first2=|title=Lok Sabha Election Results 2024: Full list of constituency-wise winners, parties and margin|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/lok-sabha-election-results-2024-full-list-of-all-constituency-wise-leading-winning-candidates-parties-bjp-congress-2024-06-04-934845|accessdate=5 June 2024|work=|date=4 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605120528/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/lok-sabha-election-results-2024-full-list-of-all-constituency-wise-leading-winning-candidates-parties-bjp-congress-2024-06-04-934845|archivedate=5 June 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:India 18th Lok Sabha November 2024.svg]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Andaman and Nicobar Islands==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Andaman and Nicobar Islands Result Map.svg|thumb|200x200px]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|1}}<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Lok Sabha constituency)|Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] <br /> | [[Bishnu Pada Ray]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Andhra Pradesh==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Andhra Pradesh Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> <br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|21}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Telugu Desam Party|16}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bhartiya Janata Party|3}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Janasena Party|2}}&lt;br&gt;<br /> :'''Others'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|YSR Congress Party|4}}'''<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Araku (ST) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Araku]] (ST)<br /> | [[Gumma Thanuja Rani]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|YSR Congress Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Srikakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srikakulam]]<br /> |[[Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Vizianagaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vizianagaram]]<br /> |[[Appalanaidu Kalisetti]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Visakhapatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Visakhapatnam]]<br /> | [[Mathukumilli Bharat]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Anakapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anakapalli]]<br /> | [[C. M. Ramesh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Kakinada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kakinada]]<br /> | [[Tangella Uday Srinivas]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Janasena Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Amalapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amalapuram]] (SC)<br /> | [[Ganti Harish Madhur]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Rajahmundry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajahmundry]]<br /> | [[Daggubati Purandeswari]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Narasapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Narasapuram]]<br /> | [[Bhupathi Raju Srinivasa Varma]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Eluru (Lok Sabha constituency)|Eluru]]<br /> | [[Putta Mahesh Kumar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Machilipatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Machilipatnam]]<br /> | [[Vallabhaneni Balashowry]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Janasena Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Vijayawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vijayawada]]<br /> | [[Kesineni Sivanath]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=9}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Guntur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guntur]]<br /> | [[Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Narasaraopet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Narasaraopet]]<br /> | [[Lavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Bapatla (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bapatla]] (SC)<br /> | [[Krishna Prasad Tenneti]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Ongole (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ongole]]<br /> | [[Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandyal]]<br /> | [[Byreddy Shabari]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[Kurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurnool]]<br /> | [[Bastipati Nagaraju Panchalingala]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> | [[Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency|Anantapur]]<br /> | [[G. Lakshminarayana]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindupur]]<br /> | [[B. K. Parthasarathi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> | [[Kadapa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kadapa]]<br /> | [[Y. S. Avinash Reddy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|YSR Congress Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> | [[Nellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nellore]]<br /> | [[Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> | [[Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirupati]] (SC)<br /> | [[Maddila Gurumoorthy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|YSR Congress Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 24<br /> | [[Rajampet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajampet]]<br /> | [[P. V. Midhun Reddy]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> | [[Chittoor (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittoor]] (SC)<br /> | [[Daggumalla Prasada Rao]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Arunachal Pradesh==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Arunachal Pradesh Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> <br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|2}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|2}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! #<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency|Arunachal West]]<br /> | [[Kiren Rijiju]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Arunachal East Lok Sabha constituency|Arunachal East]]<br /> | [[Tapir Gao]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Assam==<br /> <br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Assam Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> <br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|11}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|9}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|United People's Party Liberal|1}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Asom Gana Parishad|1}}&lt;br&gt;<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|2}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|2}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Casual vacancy|1}}'''<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Kokrajhar Lok Sabha constituency|Kokrajhar]] (ST) <br /> | [[Joyanta Basumatary]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|United People's Party Liberal}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency|Dhubri]]<br /> | [[Rakibul Hussain]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency|Barpeta]]<br /> | [[Phani Bhusan Choudhury]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Asom Gana Parishad}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Darrang–Udalguri Lok Sabha constituency|Darrang–Udalguri]]<br /> | [[Dilip Saikia]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Gauhati Lok Sabha constituency|Guwahati]]<br /> | [[Bijuli Kalita Medhi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Diphu Lok Sabha constituency|Diphu]] (ST) <br /> | [[Amarsing Tisso]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Karimganj Lok Sabha constituency|Karimganj]]<br /> | [[Kripanath Mallah]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Silchar Lok Sabha constituency|Silchar]] (SC) <br /> | [[Parimal Suklabaidya]]<br /> |-<br /> ! Rowspan=2|9<br /> | Rowspan=2|[[Nowgong Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaon]]<br /> | [[Pradyut Bordoloi]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|''(Resigned on 24 March 2026)''}}<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |Colspan=3|'''Vacant'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Kaziranga Lok Sabha constituency|Kaziranga]]<br /> | [[Kamakhya Prasad Tasa]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Sonitpur Lok Sabha constituency|Sonitpur]]<br /> | [[Ranjit Dutta]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Lakhimpur Lok Sabha constituency|Lakhimpur]]<br /> | [[Pradan Baruah]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Dibrugarh Lok Sabha constituency|Dibrugarh]]<br /> | [[Sarbananda Sonowal]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Jorhat Lok Sabha constituency|Jorhat]]<br /> | [[Gaurav Gogoi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Bihar==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Bihar Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> <br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|30}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bhartiya Janata Party|12}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Janata Dal (United)|12}}<br /> :*{{party legend|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|5}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Hindustani Awam Morcha|1}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|10}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Rashtriya Janata Dal|4}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|3}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|2}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Independent|1}}<br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Valmiki Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Valmiki Nagar]]<br /> | [[Sunil Kumar Kushwaha|Sunil Kushwaha]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (United)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Paschim Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Paschim Champaran]]<br /> | [[Sanjay Jaiswal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Purvi Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purvi Champaran]]<br /> | [[Radha Mohan Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Sheohar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sheohar]]<br /> | [[Lovely Anand]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (United)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]]<br /> | [[Devesh Chandra Thakur]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Madhubani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhubani]]<br /> | [[Ashok Kumar Yadav]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Jhanjharpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhanjharpur]]<br /> | [[Ramprit Mandal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (United)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Supaul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Supaul]]<br /> | [[Dileshwar Kamait]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Araria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Araria]] <br /> | [[Pradeep Kumar Singh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kishanganj]]<br /> | [[Mohammad Jawed]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Katihar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Katihar]]<br /> | [[Tariq Anwar (politician)|Tariq Anwar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Purnia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purnia]]<br /> | [[Pappu Yadav]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Independent|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Madhepura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhepura]]<br /> | [[Dinesh Chandra Yadav (Indian politician)|Dinesh Chandra Yadav]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (United)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Darbhanga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darbhanga]]<br /> | [[Gopal Jee Thakur]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Muzaffarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarpur]]<br /> | [[Raj Bhushan Choudhary]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]]<br /> | [[Veena Devi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Gopalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gopalganj]] (SC)<br /> | [[Alok Kumar Suman]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (United)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[Siwan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Siwan]]<br /> | [[Vijaylakshmi Devi|Vijay Lakshmi Kushwaha]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> | [[Maharajganj (Bihar) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maharajganj]]<br /> | [[Janardan Singh Sigriwal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Saran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saran]]<br /> | [[Rajiv Pratap Rudy]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> | [[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur]] (SC)<br /> | [[Chirag Paswan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> | [[Ujiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujiarpur]]<br /> | [[Nityanand Rai]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> | [[Samastipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Samastipur]] (SC)<br /> | [[Shambhavi Choudhary]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 24<br /> | [[Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Begusarai]]<br /> | [[Giriraj Singh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> | [[Khagaria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khagaria]]<br /> | [[Rajesh Verma (Khagaria politician)|Rajesh Verma]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 26<br /> | [[Bhagalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhagalpur]]<br /> | [[Ajay Kumar Mandal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (United)|dab=yes|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 27<br /> | [[Banka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banka]]<br /> | [[Giridhari Yadav]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 28<br /> | [[Munger (Lok Sabha constituency)|Munger]]<br /> | [[Rajiv Ranjan Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 29<br /> | [[Nalanda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalanda]]<br /> | [[Kaushalendra Kumar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 30<br /> | [[Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patna Sahib]]<br /> | [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 31<br /> | [[Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pataliputra]] <br /> | [[Misa Bharti]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 32<br /> | [[Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arrah]] <br /> | [[Sudama Prasad]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 33<br /> | [[Buxar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buxar]] <br /> | [[Sudhakar Singh (Bihar politician)|Sudhakar Singh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 34<br /> | [[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]] (SC) <br /> | [[Manoj Kumar (Sasaram politician)|Manoj Kumar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 35<br /> | [[Karakat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karakat]] <br /> | [[Raja Ram Singh Kushwaha|Raja Ram Kushwaha]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 36<br /> | [[Jahanabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jahanabad]] <br /> | [[Surendra Prasad Yadav]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 37<br /> | [[Aurangabad (Bihar Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]] <br /> | [[Abhay Kumar Sinha|Abhay Kushwaha]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 38<br /> | [[Gaya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gaya]] (SC) <br /> | [[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 39<br /> | [[Nawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nawada]] <br /> | [[Vivek Thakur]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 40<br /> | [[Jamui (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamui]] (SC) <br /> | [[Arun Bharti]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|dab=yes}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Chhattisgarh==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Chhattisgarh Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|10}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|10}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|1}}<br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Surguja (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surguja]] (ST)<br /> | [[Chintamani Maharaj]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Raigarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigarh]] (ST)<br /> | [[Radheshyam Rathiya]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Janjgir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Janjgir]] (SC) <br /> | [[Kamlesh Jangde]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Korba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Korba]] <br /> | [[Jyotsna Mahant]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Bilaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bilaspur]] <br /> | [[Tokhan Sahu]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Rajnandgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajnandgaon]] <br /> | [[Santosh Pandey (Chhattisgarh politician)|Santosh Pandey]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Durg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Durg]] <br /> | [[Vijay Baghel]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Raipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raipur]] <br /> | [[Brijmohan Agrawal]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Mahasamund (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahasamund]] <br /> | [[Rupkumari Choudhary]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Bastar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bastar]] (ST) <br /> | [[Mahesh Kashyap]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Kanker (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanker]] (ST) <br /> | [[Bhojraj Nag]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Goa==<br /> [[File:2024 Goa Lok Sabha election results.svg|thumb]]<br /> <br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|1}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|1}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|North Goa]] <br /> | [[Shripad Naik]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa]] <br /> | [[Viriato Fernandes]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Gujarat==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Gujarat Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> <br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|25}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|25}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|1}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Kachchh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kachchh]] (SC) <br /> | [[Vinodbhai Chavda]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Banaskantha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banaskantha]] <br /> | [[Geniben Thakor]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Patan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patan]] <br /> | [[Bharatsinhji Dabhi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=24}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Mahesana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahesana]] <br /> | [[Haribhai Patel]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Sabarkantha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sabarkantha]] <br /> | [[Shobhanaben Baraiya]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gandhinagar]] <br /> | [[Amit Shah]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Ahmedabad East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad East]] <br /> | [[Hasmukh Patel (politician)|Hasmukh Patel]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Ahmedabad West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad West]] (SC) <br /> | [[Dineshbhai Makwana]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Surendranagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surendranagar]] <br /> | [[Chandubhai Shihora]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Rajkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajkot]] <br /> | [[Parshottam Rupala]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Porbandar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Porbandar]] <br /> | [[Mansukh Mandaviya]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Jamnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamnagar]] <br /> | [[Poonamben Maadam]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Junagadh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Junagadh]] <br /> | [[Rajesh Chudasama]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Amreli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amreli]] <br /> | [[Bharatbhai Sutariya]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Bhavnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhavnagar]] <br /> | [[Nimuben Bambhaniya]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Anand (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anand]] <br /> | [[Mitesh Rameshbhai Patel|Mitesh Patel]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Kheda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kheda]] <br /> | [[Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan|Devusinh Chauhan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[Panchmahal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Panchmahal]] <br /> | [[Rajpalsinh Jadav]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> | [[Dahod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dahod]] (ST) <br /> | [[Jasvantsinh Bhabhor]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Vadodara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vadodara]] <br /> | [[Hemang Joshi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> | [[Chhota Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chhota Udaipur]] (ST) <br /> | [[Jashubhai Rathva]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> | [[Bharuch (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharuch]] <br /> | [[Mansukhbhai Vasava]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> | [[Bardoli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardoli]] (ST) <br /> | [[Parbhubhai Vasava]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 24<br /> | [[Surat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surat]] <br /> | [[Mukesh Dalal]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> | [[Navsari (Lok Sabha constituency)|Navsari]] <br /> | [[C. R. Patil]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 26<br /> | [[Valsad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Valsad]] (ST) <br /> | [[Dhavalbhai Patel]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Haryana==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Haryana Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|5}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|5}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|5}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|5}}<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Ambala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambala]] (SC) <br /> | [[Varun Chaudhary]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Kurukshetra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurukshetra]] <br /> | [[Naveen Jindal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa]] (SC) <br /> | [[Selja Kumari]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar]] <br /> | [[Jai Parkash]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Karnal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karnal]] <br /> | [[Manohar Lal Khattar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Sonipat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sonipat]] <br /> | [[Satpal Brahamchari]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]] <br /> | [[Deepender Singh Hooda]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Bhiwani–Mahendragarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhiwani–Mahendragarh]] <br /> | [[Dharambir Singh Chaudhary]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Gurgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurgaon]] <br /> | [[Rao Inderjit Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Faridabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridabad]] <br /> | [[Krishan Pal Gurjar]] <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Himachal Pradesh==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Himachal Pradesh Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|4}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|4}}<br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Mandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandi]] <br /> | [[Kangana Ranaut]]<br /> |rowspan=4 bgcolor=#FF9933|<br /> | rowspan=4 |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] <br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Kangra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kangra]] <br /> | [[Rajeev Bhardwaj]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hamirpur]] <br /> | [[Anurag Thakur]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Shimla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shimla]] (SC) <br /> | [[Suresh Kumar Kashyap]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Karnataka==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Karnataka Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|19}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|17}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Janata Dal (Secular)|2}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|9}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|9}}<br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Chikkodi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikkodi]] <br /> | [[Priyanka Jarkiholi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Belgaum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Belgaum]] <br /> | [[Jagadish Shettar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Bagalkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bagalkot]] <br /> | [[P. C. Gaddigoudar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Bijapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bijapur]] (SC) <br /> | [[Ramesh Jigajinagi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gulbarga]] (SC) <br /> | [[Radhakrishna (politician)|Radhakrishna]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}} <br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Raichur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raichur]] (ST) <br /> | [[G Kumar Naik]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Bidar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bidar]] <br /> | [[Sagar Khandre]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Koppal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Koppal]] <br /> | [[K. Rajashekar Basavaraj Hitnal]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Bellary (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bellary]] (ST)<br /> | [[E. Tukaram]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Haveri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Haveri]] <br /> | [[Basavaraj Bommai]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Dharwad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharwad]] <br /> | [[Pralhad Joshi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Uttara Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uttara Kannada]] <br /> | [[Vishweshwar Hegde Kageri]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Davanagere (Lok Sabha constituency)|Davanagere]] <br /> | [[Prabha Mallikarjun]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Shimoga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shimoga]]<br /> | [[B. Y. Raghavendra]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Udupi Chikmagalur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udupi Chikmagalur]] <br /> | [[Kota Srinivas Poojary]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Hassan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hassan]] <br /> | [[Shreyas M. Patel]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Dakshina Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dakshina Kannada]] <br /> | [[Captain Brijesh Chowta|Brijesh Chowta]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[Chitradurga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chitradurga]] (SC) <br /> | [[Govind Karjol]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> | [[Tumkur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tumkur]] <br /> | [[V. Somanna]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Mandya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandya]]<br /> | [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (Secular)|dab=yes}} <br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> | [[Mysore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mysore]] <br /> | [[Yaduveer Krishnadatta Chamaraja Wadiyar|Yaduveer Wadiyar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> | [[Chamarajanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chamarajanagar]] (SC) <br /> | [[Sunil Bose]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> | [[Bangalore Rural (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore Rural]] <br /> | [[C. N. Manjunath]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 24<br /> | [[Bangalore North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore North]] <br /> | [[Shobha Karandlaje]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> | [[Bangalore Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore Central]] <br /> | [[P. C. Mohan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 26<br /> | [[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]] <br /> | [[Tejasvi Surya]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 27<br /> | [[Chikballapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikballapur]] <br /> | [[K. Sudhakar (politician)|K. Sudhakar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 28<br /> | [[Kolar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolar]] (SC) <br /> | [[M. Mallesh Babu]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (Secular)|dab=yes}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Kerala==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Kerala Seatwise Result Map.svg|thumb]] '''Keys:'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|19}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|14}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian Union Muslim League|2}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|1}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|1}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Kerala Congress|1}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|1}}<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]] <br /> |[[Rajmohan Unnithan]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Kannur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannur]] <br /> |[[K. Sudhakaran]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Vatakara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vatakara]] <br /> |[[Shafi Parambil]]<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |4<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wayanad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wayanad]]<br /> |[[Rahul Gandhi]] &lt;br/&gt; {{small|''(Resigned on 17 June 2024)''}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Priyanka Gandhi]] &lt;br/&gt;{{small|''(Elected on 23 November 2024)''}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Kozhikode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kozhikode]]<br /> |[[M. K. Raghavan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malappuram]]<br /> |[[E. T. Muhammed Basheer]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Indian Union Muslim League|rowspan=2}} <br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Ponnani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ponnani]]<br /> |[[M. P. Abdussamad Samadani]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Palakkad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palakkad]]<br /> |[[V. K. Sreekandan]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Alathur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alathur]] (SC) <br /> |[[K. Radhakrishnan (politician)|K. Radhakrishnan]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Thrissur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thrissur]]<br /> |[[Suresh Gopi]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}} <br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Chalakudy (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chalakudy]]<br /> |[[Benny Behanan]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]]<br /> |[[Hibi Eden]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Idukki (Lok Sabha constituency)|Idukki]]<br /> |[[Dean Kuriakose]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Kottayam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kottayam]]<br /> |[[Francis George (politician)|Francis George]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Kerala Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Alappuzha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alappuzha]]<br /> |[[K. C. Venugopal]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Mavelikara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mavelikara]] (SC) <br /> |[[Kodikkunnil Suresh]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Pathanamthitta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pathanamthitta]]<br /> |[[Anto Antony]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[Kollam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kollam]]<br /> |[[N. K. Premachandran]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |[[Attingal Lok Sabha constituency|Attingal]]<br /> |[[Adoor Prakash]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Thiruvananthapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvananthapuram]] <br /> |[[Shashi Tharoor]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Jharkhand==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Jharkhand Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|9}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|8}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|All Jharkhand Students Union|1}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|5}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|3}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|2}}<br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Rajmahal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajmahal]] (ST) <br /> | [[Vijay Hansda]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|rowspan=2}} <br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Dumka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dumka]] (ST) <br /> | [[Nalin Soren]] <br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Godda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Godda]] <br /> | [[Nishikant Dubey]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Chatra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chatra]] <br /> | [[Kalicharan Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Kodarma (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kodarma]] <br /> | [[Annpurna Devi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Giridih (Lok Sabha constituency)|Giridih]] <br /> | [[Chandra Prakash Choudhary]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|All Jharkhand Students Union}} <br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Dhanbad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhanbad]] <br /> | [[Dulu Mahato]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Ranchi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranchi]] <br /> | [[Sanjay Seth (Jharkhand politician)|Sanjay Seth]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamshedpur]] <br /> | [[Bidyut Baran Mahato]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Singhbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Singhbhum]] (ST) <br /> | [[Joba Majhi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]] (ST) <br /> | [[Kali Charan Munda]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}} <br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]] (ST) <br /> | [[Sukhdeo Bhagat]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Palamau (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palamau]] (SC) <br /> | [[Vishnu Dayal Ram]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Hazaribagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hazaribagh]] <br /> | [[Manish Jaiswal]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Madhya Pradesh==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Madhya Pradesh Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|29}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|29}}<br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Morena (Lok Sabha constituency)|Morena]] <br /> | [[Shivmangal Singh Tomar]]<br /> | rowspan=29 bgcolor=#FF9933|<br /> | rowspan=29 |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] <br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Bhind (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhind]] (SC) <br /> | [[Sandhya Ray]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Gwalior (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gwalior]] <br /> | [[Bharat Singh Kushwah]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Guna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guna]] <br /> | [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Sagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sagar]] <br /> | [[Lata Wankhede]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Tikamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tikamgarh]] (SC) <br /> | [[Virendra Kumar Khatik]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Damoh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Damoh]] <br /> | [[Rahul Lodhi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Khajuraho (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khajuraho]]<br /> | [[V. D. Sharma]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Satna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satna]] <br /> | [[Ganesh Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Rewa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rewa]] <br /> | [[Janardan Mishra]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Sidhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sidhi]] <br /> | [[Rajesh Mishra]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Shahdol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shahdol]] (ST) <br /> | [[Himadri Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Jabalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jabalpur]] <br /> | [[Ashish Dubey]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Mandla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandla]] (ST) <br /> | [[Faggan Singh Kulaste]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Balaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balaghat]] (ST) <br /> | [[Bharti Pardhi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Chhindwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chhindwara]] <br /> | [[Vivek Kumar Sahu]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Hoshangabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshangabad]] <br /> | [[Darshan Singh Choudhary]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[Vidisha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vidisha]] <br /> | [[Shivraj Singh Chauhan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> | [[Bhopal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhopal]] <br /> | [[Alok Sharma (Indian politician)|Alok Sharma]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Rajgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajgarh]] <br /> | [[Rodmal Nagar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> | [[Dewas (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dewas]] (SC)<br /> | [[Mahendra Solanki]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> | [[Ujjain (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujjain]] (SC) <br /> | [[Anil Firojiya]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> | [[Mandsaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandsour]] <br /> | [[Sudhir Gupta]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 24<br /> | [[Ratlam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratlam]] (ST) <br /> | [[Anita Nagar Singh Chouhan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> | [[Dhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhar]] (ST) <br /> | [[Savitri Thakur]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 26<br /> | [[Indore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Indore]] <br /> | [[Shankar Lalwani]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 27<br /> | [[Khargone (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khargone]] <br /> | [[Gajendra Patel]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 28<br /> | [[Khandwa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khandwa]] <br /> | [[Gyaneswar Patil]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 29<br /> | [[Betul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Betul]] (ST) <br /> | [[Durga Das Uikey]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Maharashtra==<br /> [[File:2024 Maharashtra Lok Sabha election results.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|31}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|13}}<br /> :*{{party legend|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|9}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|8}}<br /> :*{{party legend|Independent|1}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|17}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|9}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Shiv Sena|7}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Nationalist Congress Party|1}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Nandurbar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandurbar]] (ST) <br /> | [[Gowaal Kagada Padavi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Dhule (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhule]] <br /> | [[Bachhav Shobha Dinesh]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Jalgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalgaon]] <br /> | [[Smita Wagh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janta Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Raver (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raver]] <br /> | [[Raksha Khadse]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Buldhana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buldhana]] <br /> | [[Prataprao Jadhav]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|rowspan=1}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Akola (Lok Sabha constituency)|Akola]] <br /> | [[Anup Dhotre]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janta Party|rowspan=1}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Amravati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amravati]] (SC) <br /> | [[Balwant Baswant Wankhade|Balwant Wankhade]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=1}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Wardha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wardha]] <br /> | [[Amar Sharadrao Kale|Amar Kale]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Ramtek (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ramtek]] (SC) <br /> | [[Shyamkumar Barve|Shyamkumar (Bablu) Barve]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=1}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagpur]] <br /> | [[Nitin Gadkari]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Bhandara–Gondiya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhandara–Gondiya]] <br /> | [[Prashant Yadaorao Padole|Prashant Padole]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Gadchiroli–Chimur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gadchiroli–Chimur]] (ST) <br /> | [[Namdeo Kirsan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Chandrapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandrapur]] <br /> | [[Pratibha Dhanorkar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Yavatmal–Washim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Yavatmal–Washim]] <br /> | [[Sanjay Deshmukh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Hingoli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hingoli]] <br /> | [[Nagesh Bapurao Patil Ashtikar|Nagesh Aashtikar Patil]]<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 16<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Nanded (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nanded]] <br /> | [[Vasantrao Balwantrao Chavan]] &lt;br/&gt;{{small|''(Died on 26 August 2024)''}}<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Ravindra Vasantrao Chavan]] &lt;br/&gt;{{small|''(Elected on 23 November 2024)''}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Parbhani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Parbhani]] <br /> | [[Sanjay Haribhau Jadhav|Sanjay Jadhav]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|dab=yes|rowspan=1}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[Jalna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalna]] <br /> | [[Kalyan Kale]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=1}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> | [[Aurangabad (Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]] <br /> | [[Sandipanrao Bhumre]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Dindori (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindori]] (ST) <br /> | [[Bhaskar Bhagare]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> | [[Nashik (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nashik]] <br /> | [[Rajabhau Waje]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|dab=yes|rowspan=1}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> | [[Palghar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palghar]] (ST) <br /> | [[Hemant Savara]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> | [[Bhiwandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhiwandi]] <br /> | [[Suresh Mhatre]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 24<br /> | [[Kalyan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalyan]] <br /> | [[Shrikant Shinde]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> | [[Thane (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thane]] <br /> | [[Naresh Mhaske]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 26<br /> | [[Mumbai North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North]] <br /> | [[Piyush Goyal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 27<br /> | [[Mumbai North West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North West]] <br /> | [[Ravindra Waikar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 28<br /> | [[Mumbai North East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North East]] <br /> | [[Sanjay Dina Patil]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|dab=yes|rowspan=1}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 29<br /> | [[Mumbai North Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North Central]] <br /> | [[Varsha Gaikwad]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=1}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 30<br /> | [[Mumbai South Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai South Central]] <br /> | [[Anil Desai]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 31<br /> | [[Mumbai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai South]] <br /> | [[Arvind Sawant]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 32<br /> | [[Raigad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigad]] <br /> | [[Sunil Tatkare]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 33<br /> | [[Maval (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maval]] <br /> | [[Shrirang Barne]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 34<br /> | [[Pune (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pune]] <br /> | [[Murlidhar Mohol]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 35<br /> | [[Baramati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramati]] <br /> | [[Supriya Sule]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|dab=yes|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 36<br /> | [[Shirur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shirur]] <br /> | [[Amol Kolhe]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 37<br /> | [[Ahmednagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmednagar]] <br /> | [[Nilesh Dnyandev Lanke|Nilesh Lanke]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 38<br /> | [[Shirdi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shirdi]] (SC) <br /> | [[Bhausaheb Rajaram Wakchaure|Bhausaheb Wakchaure]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|dab=yes|rowspan=1}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 39<br /> | [[Beed (Lok Sabha constituency)|Beed]] <br /> | [[Bajrang Manohar Sonwane|Bajrang Sonwane]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 40<br /> | [[Osmanabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Osmanabad]] <br /> | [[Omprakash Rajenimbalkar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|dab=yes|rowspan=1}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 41<br /> | [[Latur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Latur]] (SC) <br /> | [[Kalge Shivaji Bandappa|Shivaji Kalge]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 42<br /> | [[Solapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Solapur]] (SC) <br /> | [[Praniti Shinde]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 43<br /> | [[Madha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madha]] <br /> | [[Dhairyasheel Patil|Dhairyasheel Mohite Patil]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 44<br /> | [[Sangli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangli]] <br /> | [[Vishal Patil]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 45<br /> | [[Satara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satara]] <br /> | [[Udayanraje Bhosale]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 46<br /> | [[Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg]]<br /> | [[Narayan Rane]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 47<br /> | [[Kolhapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolhapur]] <br /> | [[Shahu II of Kolhapur|Shahu Chhatrapati Maharaj]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 48<br /> | [[Hatkanangle (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hatkanangle]] <br /> | [[Dhairyasheel Sambhajirao Mane|Dhairyasheel Mane]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Manipur==<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|2}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|2}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! #<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Inner Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Inner Manipur]]<br /> | [[Angomcha Bimol Akoijam]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Outer Manipur]] (ST)<br /> |[[Alfred Kan-Ngam Arthur]] <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Meghalaya==<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|1}}<br /> :{{Party legend|Casual vacancy|1}}<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|1<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Shillong (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shillong]] (ST) <br /> | [[Ricky AJ Syngkon]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|''(Died on 20 February 2026)''}}<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Colspan=3 | '''Vacant'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura]] (ST) <br /> | [[Saleng A. Sangma]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Mizoram==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Mizoram Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Zoram People's Movement|1}}'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! #<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Mizoram Lok Sabha constituency|Mizoram]] (ST)<br /> | [[Richard Vanlalhmangaiha]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Zoram People's Movement}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Nagaland==<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|1}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! #<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaland]]<br /> | [[S. Supongmeren Jamir]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Odisha==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Odisha Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|20}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|20}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|1}}<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Bargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bargarh]] <br /> | [[Pradip Purohit]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=20}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Sundargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sundargarh]] (ST) <br /> | [[Jual Oram]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Sambalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambalpur]] <br /> | [[Dharmendra Pradhan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Keonjhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Keonjhar]] (ST) <br /> | [[Ananta Nayak]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Mayurbhanj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mayurbhanj]] (ST) <br /> | [[Naba Charan Majhi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Balasore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balasore]] <br /> | [[Pratap Chandra Sarangi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Bhadrak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhadrak]] (SC) <br /> | [[Avimanyu Sethi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Jajpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jajpur]] (SC) <br /> | [[Rabindra Narayan Behera]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Dhenkanal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhenkanal]] <br /> | [[Rudra Narayan Pany]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Bolangir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolangir]] <br /> | [[Sangeeta Kumari Singh Deo]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi]] <br /> | [[Malvika Devi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Nabarangpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nabarangpur]] (ST) <br /> | [[Balabhadra Majhi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Kandhamal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kandhamal]] <br /> | [[Sukanta Kumar Panigrahi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Cuttack (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cuttack]] <br /> | [[Bhartruhari Mahtab]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]<br /> | [[Baijayant Panda]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Jagatsinghpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jagatsinghpur]] (SC) <br /> | [[Bibhu Prasad Tarai]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Puri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puri]] <br /> | [[Sambit Patra]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhubaneswar]] <br /> | [[Aparajita Sarangi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> | [[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]]<br /> | [[Anita Subhadarshini]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Berhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Berhampur]] <br /> | [[Pradeep Kumar Panigrahy]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> | [[Koraput (Lok Sabha constituency)|Koraput]] (ST) <br /> | [[Saptagiri Sankar Ulaka]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Punjab==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Punjab Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|7}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|7}}<br /> :'''Others'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Aam Aadmi Party|3}}'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De)|2}}'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Shiromani Akali Dal|1}}'''<br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2 |Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Gurdaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurdaspur]]<br /> | [[Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Amritsar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amritsar]] <br /> | [[Gurjeet Singh Aujla]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Khadoor Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khadoor Sahib]] <br /> | [[Amritpal Singh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Jalandhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalandhar]] (SC) <br /> | [[Charanjit Singh Channi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Hoshiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshiarpur]] (SC) <br /> | [[Raj Kumar Chabbewal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Anandpur Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anandpur Sahib]] <br /> | [[Malwinder Singh Kang]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Ludhiana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ludhiana]] <br /> | [[Amrinder Singh Raja Warring]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Fatehgarh Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehgarh Sahib]] (SC) <br /> | [[Amar Singh (Punjab politician)|Amar Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Faridkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridkot]] (SC) <br /> | [[Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Ferozepur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ferozpur]] <br /> | [[Sher Singh Ghubaya]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Bathinda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bathinda]] <br /> | [[Harsimrat Kaur Badal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Sangrur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangrur]] <br /> | [[Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Aam Aadmi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Patiala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patiala]] <br /> | [[Dharamvir Gandhi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Rajasthan==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Rajasthan Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|14}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|14}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|11}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|8}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|1}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharat Adivasi Party|1}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party|1}}<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2 |Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar]] (SC)<br /> | [[Kuldeep Indora]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]] (SC) <br /> | [[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]<br /> | [[Rahul Kaswan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]<br /> | [[Brijendra Singh Ola]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]] <br /> | [[Amra Ram]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Jaipur Rural (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur Rural]]<br /> | [[Rao Rajendra Singh]]<br /> |{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]<br /> | [[Manju Sharma (politician)|Manju Sharma]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]<br /> | [[Bhupender Yadav]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]] (SC)<br /> | [[Sanjana Jatav]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Karauli–Dholpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karauli–Dholpur]] (SC)<br /> | [[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]] (ST)<br /> | [[Murari Lal Meena]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Tonk–Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk–Sawai Madhopur]]<br /> | [[Harish Meena]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]<br /> | [[Bhagirath Chaudhary]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]] <br /> | [[Hanuman Beniwal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]<br /> | [[P. P. Chaudhary]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]<br /> | [[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]<br /> | [[Ummeda Ram Beniwal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore]]<br /> | [[Lumbaram Choudhary]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> | [[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]] (ST) <br /> | [[Manna Lal Rawat]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara]] (ST)<br /> | [[Rajkumar Roat]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharat Adivasi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> | [[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]<br /> | [[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> | [[Rajsamand (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajsamand]]<br /> | [[Mahima Kumari Mewar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> | [[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]<br /> | [[Damodar Agarwal]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 24<br /> | [[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]<br /> | [[Om Birla]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> | [[Jhalawar–Baran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar-Baran]]<br /> | [[Dushyant Singh]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Sikkim==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Sikkim Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|1}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! #<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency|Sikkim]]<br /> | [[Indra Hang Subba]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Tamil Nadu==<br /> [[File:2024 Tamil Nadu Lok Sabha election results.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|39}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|22}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|9}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|2}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Communist Party of India|2}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|2}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|1}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian Union Muslim League|1}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! #<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Thiruvallur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvallur]] (SC) <br /> | [[Sasikanth Senthil (politician)|Sasikanth Senthil]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Chennai North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai North]] <br /> | [[Kalanidhi Veeraswamy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=7}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South]] <br /> | [[Thamizhachi Thangapandian|Tamizhachi Thangapandian]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Chennai Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai Central]] <br /> | [[Dayanidhi Maran]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]] <br /> | [[T. R. Baalu|T.R. Baalu]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Kancheepuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kancheepuram]] (SC) <br /> | [[G. Selvam]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Arakkonam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arakkonam]] <br /> | [[S. Jagathrakshakan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vellore]] <br /> | [[Kathir Anand|D.M.K. Anand]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri]] <br /> | [[K. Gopinath]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Dharmapuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharmapuri]] <br /> | A. Mani<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Tiruvannamalai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruvannamalai]] <br /> | [[Annadurai C N|C.N. Annadurai]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Arani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arani]] <br /> | [[M.S. Tharanivendhan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Viluppuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Viluppuram]] (SC) <br /> | [[Ravikumar (writer)|Durai Ravikumar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Kallakurichi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kallakurichi]] <br /> | [[Malaiyarasan D]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Salem (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salem]] <br /> | [[T. M. Selvaganapathi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Namakkal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Namakkal]] <br /> | [[V. S. Matheswaran]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Erode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Erode]] <br /> | [[K. E. Prakash]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[Tiruppur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruppur]] <br /> | [[K. Subbarayan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> | [[Nilgiris (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nilgiris]] (SC) <br /> | [[A. Raja]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Coimbatore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Coimbatore]] <br /> | [[Ganapathi P. Raj Kumar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> | [[Pollachi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pollachi]] <br /> | [[Eswarasamy]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> | [[Dindigul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindigul]] <br /> | [[R. Sachidanandam]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> | [[Karur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karur]] <br /> | [[Jothimani]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 24<br /> | [[Tiruchirappalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruchirappalli]] <br /> | [[Durai Vaiyapuri]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> | [[Perambalur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Perambalur]] <br /> | [[Arun Nehru (Tamil Nadu politician)|Arun Nehru]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 26<br /> | [[Cuddalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cuddalore]] <br /> | [[M. K. Vishnu Prasad]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 27<br /> | [[Chidambaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chidambaram]] (SC) <br /> | [[Thol. Thirumavalavan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 28<br /> | [[Mayiladuthurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mayiladuthurai]] <br /> | [[Sudha Ramakrishnan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 29<br /> | [[Nagapattinam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagapattinam]] (SC) <br /> | [[Selvaraj V]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 30<br /> | [[Thanjavur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thanjavur]] <br /> | [[S. Murasoli]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 31<br /> | [[Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency|Sivaganga]]<br /> | [[Karti Chidambaram]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> !32<br /> |[[Madurai Lok Sabha constituency|Madurai]]<br /> |[[S. Venkatesan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 33<br /> | [[Theni (Lok Sabha constituency)|Theni]] <br /> | [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 34<br /> | [[Virudhunagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Virudhunagar]] <br /> | [[Manickam Tagore]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 35<br /> | [[Ramanathapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ramanathapuram]] <br /> | [[Kani K. Navas|Navas Kani]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian Union Muslim League}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 36<br /> | [[Thoothukkudi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thoothukkudi]] <br /> | [[Kanimozhi|Kanimozhi Karunanidhi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 37<br /> | [[Tenkasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tenkasi]] (SC) <br /> | [[Rani Srikumar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 38<br /> | [[Tirunelveli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirunelveli]] <br /> | [[Robert Bruce (Indian politician)|Robert Bruce]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 39<br /> | [[Kanyakumari (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanyakumari]] <br /> | [[Vijay Vasanth]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Telangana==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Telangana Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|8}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend| BJP|8}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|8}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|8}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|1}}'''<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Adilabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Adilabad]] (ST) <br /> | [[Godam Nagesh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Peddapalle (Lok Sabha constituency)|Peddapalle]] (SC)<br /> |[[Vamsi Krishna Gaddam]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Karimnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimnagar]] <br /> | [[Bandi Sanjay Kumar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Nizamabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nizamabad]] <br /> | [[Dharmapuri Arvind]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Zahirabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Zahirabad]] <br /> | [[Suresh Shetkar]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Medak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medak]] <br /> | [[Raghunandan Rao]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Malkajgiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malkajgiri]]<br /> | [[Etela Rajender]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Secunderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Secunderabad]] <br /> | [[G. Kishan Reddy]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Hyderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hyderabad]] <br /> | [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Chevella (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chevella]] <br /> | [[Konda Vishweshwar Reddy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Mahabubnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahbubnagar]] <br /> | [[D. K. Aruna]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Nagarkurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagarkurnool]] (SC) <br /> | [[Mallu Ravi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Nalgonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalgonda]] <br /> | [[Kunduru Raghuveer|Raghuveer Reddy Kunduru]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Bhongir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhongir]] <br /> | [[Chamala Kiran Kumar Reddy]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Warangal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Warangal]] (SC)<br /> | [[Kadiyam Kavya]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Mahabubabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahabubabad]] (ST) <br /> | [[Balram Naik]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Khammam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khammam]] <br /> | [[Ramasahayam Raghuram Reddy]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Tripura==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Tripura Result Map.svg|thumb|145px]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|2}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|2}}<br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura West]] <br /> | [[Biplab Kumar Deb]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends &amp; Results June-2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S231.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends &amp; Results June-2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S232.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Tripura East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura East]] (ST) <br /> | [[Kriti Singh Debbarma]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Uttar Pradesh==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Uttar Pradesh Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|43}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Samajwadi Party|37}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|6}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|36}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|33}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Rashtriya Lok Dal|2}}<br /> :*{{Party legend|Apna Dal (Soneylal)|1}}<br /> :'''Others'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)|1}}'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! #<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Saharanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Saharanpur]]<br /> | [[Imran Masood]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Kairana Lok Sabha constituency|Kairana]]<br /> | [[Iqra Choudhary]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Muzaffarnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Muzaffarnagar]]<br /> | [[Harendra Singh Malik]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Bijnor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bijnor]] <br /> | [[Chandan Chauhan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Nagina (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagina]] (SC) <br /> | [[Chandrashekhar Azad (politician)|Chandrashekhar Azad]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)|dab=yes}} <br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Moradabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Moradabad]] <br /> | [[Ruchi Veera]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Rampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rampur]] <br /> | [[Mohibbullah]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Sambhal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambhal]] <br /> | [[Zia ur Rahman Barq]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Amroha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amroha]] <br /> | [[Kanwar Singh Tanwar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Meerut (Lok Sabha constituency)|Meerut]] <br /> | [[Arun Govil]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Baghpat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baghpat]] <br /> | [[Rajkumar Sangwan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Ghaziabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghaziabad]] <br /> | [[Atul Garg]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=8}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Gautam Buddha Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gautam Buddh Nagar]] <br /> | [[Dr. Mahesh Sharma]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Bulandshahr (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bulandshahr]] (SC) <br /> | [[Bhola Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Bhola Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Aligarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aligarh]] <br /> | [[Satish Kumar Gautam]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Hathras (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hathras]] (SC) <br /> | [[Anoop Pradhan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Mathura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mathura]] <br /> | [[Hema Malini]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[Agra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Agra]] (SC) <br /> | [[S.P. Singh Baghel]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> | [[Fatehpur Sikri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur Sikri]] <br /> | [[Rajkumar Chahar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Firozabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Firozabad]]<br /> | [[Akshay Yadav]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> | [[Mainpuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mainpuri]] <br /> | [[Dimple Yadav]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> | [[Etah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Etah]] <br /> | [[Devesh Shakya]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> | [[Badaun (Lok Sabha constituency)|Badaun]] <br /> | [[Aditya Yadav (politician)|Aaditya Yadav]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 24<br /> | [[Aonla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aonla]] <br /> | [[Neeraj Kushwaha Maurya]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> | [[Bareilly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bareilly]] <br /> | [[Chhatrapal Singh Gangwar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 26<br /> | [[Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pilibhit]] <br /> | [[Jitin Prasada]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 27<br /> | [[Shahjahanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shahjahanpur]] (SC) <br /> | [[Arun Kumar Sagar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 28<br /> | [[Kheri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kheri]] <br /> | [[Utkarsh Verma]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 29<br /> | [[Dhaurahra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhaurahra]] <br /> | [[Anand Bhadauriya]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 30<br /> | [[Sitapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitapur]] <br /> | [[Rakesh Rathore]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 31<br /> | [[Hardoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hardoi]] (SC) <br /> | [[Jai Prakash]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 32<br /> | [[Misrikh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Misrikh]] (SC) <br /> | [[Ashok Kumar Rawat]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 33<br /> | [[Unnao (Lok Sabha constituency)|Unnao]] <br /> | [[Sakshi Maharaj]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 34<br /> | [[Mohanlalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mohanlalganj]] (SC) <br /> | [[R. K. Chaudhary]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 35<br /> | [[Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lucknow]] <br /> | [[Rajnath Singh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 36<br /> | [[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]]<br /> | [[Rahul Gandhi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 37<br /> | [[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]] <br /> | [[Kishori Lal Sharma]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 38<br /> | [[Sultanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sultanpur]] <br /> | [[Rambhual Nishad]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 39<br /> | [[Pratapgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pratapgarh]] <br /> | [[S. P. Singh Patel]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 40<br /> | [[Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Farrukhabad]] <br /> | [[Mukesh Rajput]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 41<br /> | [[Etawah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Etawah]] (SC) <br /> | [[Jitendra Kumar Dohare]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 42<br /> | [[Kannauj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannauj]] <br /> | [[Akhilesh Yadav]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 43<br /> | [[Kanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanpur]] <br /> | [[Ramesh Awasthi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 44<br /> | [[Akbarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Akbarpur]] <br /> | [[Devendra Singh Bhole]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 45<br /> | [[Jalaun (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalaun]] (SC) <br /> | [[Narayan Das Ahirwar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 46<br /> | [[Jhansi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhansi]] <br /> | [[Anurag Sharma (politician)|Anurag Sharma]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 47<br /> | [[Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hamirpur]] <br /> | [[Ajendra Singh Lodhi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 48<br /> | [[Banda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banda]] <br /> | [[Krishna Devi Shivshanker Patel]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 49<br /> | [[Fatehpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur]] <br /> | [[Naresh Uttam Patel]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 50<br /> | [[Kaushambi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaushambi]] (SC) <br /> | [[Pushpendra Saroj (politician)|Pushpendra Saroj]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 51<br /> | [[Phulpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phulpur]] <br /> | [[Praveen Patel]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 52<br /> | [[Allahabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Allahabad]] <br /> | [[Ujjwal Rewati Raman Singh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 53<br /> | [[Barabanki (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barabanki]] (SC) <br /> | [[Tanuj Punia]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 54<br /> | [[Faizabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faizabad]] <br /> | [[Awadhesh Prasad]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 55<br /> | [[Ambedkar Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambedkar Nagar]] <br /> | [[Lalji Verma]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 56<br /> | [[Bahraich (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bahraich]] <br /> | [[Anand Kumar (UP Politician)|Anand Kumar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 57<br /> | [[Kaiserganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaiserganj]] <br /> | [[Karan Bhushan Singh (politician)|Karan Bhushan Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 58<br /> | [[Shrawasti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shrawasti]] <br /> | [[Ram Shiromani Verma]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 59<br /> | [[Gonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gonda]] <br /> | [[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 60<br /> | [[Domariyaganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Domariyaganj]] <br /> | [[Jagdambika Pal]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 61<br /> | [[Basti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basti]] <br /> | [[Ram Prasad Chaudhary]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 62<br /> | [[Sant Kabir Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sant Kabir Nagar]] <br /> | [[Laxmikant]] alias Pappu Nishad<br /> |-<br /> ! 63<br /> | [[Maharajganj (Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency)|Maharajganj]] <br /> | [[Pankaj Chaudhary]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 64<br /> | [[Gorakhpur (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Gorakhpur]]<br /> | [[Ravi Kishan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 65<br /> | [[Kushi Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kushi Nagar]] <br /> | [[Vijay Kumar Dubey]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 66<br /> | [[Deoria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Deoria]] <br /> | [[Shashank Mani]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 67<br /> | [[Bansgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bansgaon]] (SC) <br /> | [[Kamlesh Paswan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 68<br /> | [[Lalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lalganj]] (SC) <br /> | [[Daroga Saroj]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=9}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 69<br /> | [[Azamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Azamgarh]] <br /> | [[Dharmendra Yadav]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 70<br /> | [[Ghosi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghosi]] <br /> | [[Rajeev Kumar Rai]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 71<br /> | [[Salempur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salempur]] <br /> | [[Ramashankar Rajbhar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 72<br /> | [[Ballia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ballia]] <br /> | [[Sanatan Pandey]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 73<br /> | [[Jaunpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaunpur]] <br /> | [[Babu Singh Kushwaha]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 74<br /> | [[Machhlishahr (Lok Sabha constituency)|Machhlishahr]] (SC) <br /> | [[Priya Saroj]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 75<br /> | [[Ghazipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghazipur]] <br /> | [[Afzal Ansari]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 76<br /> | [[Chandauli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandauli]]<br /> | [[Bijendra Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 77<br /> | [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]] <br /> | [[Narendra Modi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 78<br /> | [[Bhadohi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhadohi]] <br /> | [[Vinod Kumar Bind]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 79<br /> | [[Mirzapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mirzapur]] <br /> | [[Anupriya Patel]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Apna Dal (Soneylal)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 80<br /> | [[Robertsganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Robertsganj]] (SC) <br /> | [[Chhotelal Kharwar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Uttarakhand==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Uttarakhand Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|5}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|5}}<br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Tehri Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tehri Garhwal]] <br /> | [[Mala Rajya Laxmi Shah]]<br /> | rowspan=5 bgcolor=#FF9933|<br /> | rowspan=5 |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] <br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Garhwal]] <br /> | [[Anil Baluni]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Almora (Lok Sabha constituency)|Almora]] (SC) <br /> | [[Ajay Tamta]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar]] <br /> | [[Ajay Bhatt (politician)|Ajay Bhatt]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Haridwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Haridwar]] <br /> | [[Trivendra Singh Rawat]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==West Bengal==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha West Bengal Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :{{Party legend|Trinamool Congress|28}}<br /> :{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|12}}<br /> :{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|1}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Casual vacancy|1}}'''<br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:200px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Cooch Behar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cooch Behar]] (SC) <br /> | [[Jagadish Chandra Barma Basunia]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Trinamool Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Alipurduars (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alipurduars]] (ST) <br /> | [[Manoj Tigga]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]] (SC) <br /> | [[Jayanta Kumar Roy]] <br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]] <br /> | [[Raju Bista]] <br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raiganj]] <br /> | [[Kartick Paul]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]] <br /> | [[Sukanta Majumdar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Uttar]] <br /> | [[Khagen Murmu]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Dakshin]] <br /> | [[Isha Khan Choudhury]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Jangipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jangipur]] <br /> | [[Khalilur Rahaman]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Baharampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baharampur]] <br /> | [[Yusuf Pathan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Murshidabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Murshidabad]] <br /> | [[Abu Taher Khan]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Krishnanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar]] <br /> | [[Mahua Moitra]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Ranaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranaghat]] (SC) <br /> | [[Jagannath Sarkar (BJP politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Bangaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangaon]] (SC) <br /> | [[Shantanu Thakur]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Barrackpore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barrackpore]] <br /> | [[Partha Bhowmick]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dum Dum]] <br /> | [[Saugata Roy]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]] <br /> | [[Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar]]<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 18<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basirhat]] <br /> |-<br /> | colspan=3|'''Vacant'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> | [[Jaynagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaynagar]] (SC) <br /> | [[Pratima Mondal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=11}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Mathurapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mathurapur]] (SC) <br /> | [[Bapi Halder]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> | [[Diamond Harbour (Lok Sabha constituency)|Diamond Harbour]] <br /> | [[Abhishek Banerjee (politician)|Abhishek Banerjee]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> | [[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]] <br /> | [[Saayoni Ghosh]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> | [[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Dakshin]] <br /> | [[Mala Roy]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 24<br /> | [[Kolkata Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Uttar]] <br /> | [[Sudip Bandyopadhyay]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> | [[Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Howrah]] <br /> | [[Prasun Banerjee]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 26<br /> | [[Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uluberia]]<br /> | [[Sajda Ahmed]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 27<br /> | [[Srerampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srerampur]] <br /> | [[Kalyan Banerjee (politician)|Kalyan Banerjee]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 28<br /> | [[Hooghly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hooghly]] <br /> | [[Rachana Banerjee]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 29<br /> | [[Arambagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arambagh]] (SC) <br /> | [[Bag Mitali|Mitali Bag]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 30<br /> | [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]] <br /> | [[Abhijit Gangopadhyay]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 31<br /> | [[Kanthi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanthi]] <br /> | [[Adhikari Soumendu|Soumendu Adhikari]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 32<br /> | [[Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghatal]] <br /> | [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Deepak Adhikari]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 33<br /> | [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]] (ST) <br /> | [[Kalipada Soren]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 34<br /> | [[Medinipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medinipur]] <br /> | [[June Malia]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 35<br /> | [[Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purulia]] <br /> | [[Jyotirmay Singh Mahato]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 36<br /> | [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bankura]] <br /> | [[Arup Chakraborty (politician)|Arup Chakraborty]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Trinamool Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 37<br /> | [[Bishnupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bishnupur]] (SC) <br /> | [[Saumitra Khan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 38<br /> | [[Bardhaman Purba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman Purba]] (SC) <br /> | [[Sharmila Sarkar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 39<br /> | [[Bardhaman–Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman–Durgapur]] <br /> | [[Kirti Azad]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 40<br /> | [[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Asansol]] <br /> | [[Shatrughan Sinha]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 41<br /> | [[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]] (SC) <br /> | [[Asit Kumar Mal]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 42<br /> | [[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Birbhum]] <br /> | [[Satabdi Roy]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Chandigarh==<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|1}}<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Chandigarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandigarh]] <br /> | [[Manish Tewari]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Dadra and Nagar Haveli Result Map.svg|thumb|150x150px|Dadra and Nagar Haveli Lok Sabha constituency]]<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Daman and Diu Result Map.svg|thumb|150x150px|Daman and Diu Lok Sabha constituency]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|1}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Independent politician|1|shortname=Independent}}'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli Lok Sabha constituency|Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] (ST) <br /> | [[Kalaben Delkar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> !2<br /> | [[Daman and Diu Lok Sabha constituency|Daman and Diu]]<br /> | [[Umeshbhai Patel]]<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Independent}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Delhi==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Delhi Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> <br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|7}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|7}}<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:140px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Chandni Chowk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandni Chowk]] <br /> | [[Praveen Khandelwal]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[North East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North East Delhi]] <br /> | [[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|East Delhi]] <br /> | [[Harsh Malhotra]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[New Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|New Delhi]] <br /> | [[Bansuri Swaraj]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[North West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North West Delhi]] (SC) <br /> | [[Yogender Chandoliya]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|West Delhi]] <br /> | [[Kamaljeet Sehrawat]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[South Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Delhi]] <br /> | [[Ramvir Singh Bidhuri]]<br /> |}<br /> ==Jammu and Kashmir==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Jammu and Kashmir Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|2}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|2}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|2}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference|2}}<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Independent politician|1|shortname=Independent}}'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! #<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency|Baramulla]]<br /> | [[Engineer Rashid|Sheikh Er Rashid]]<br /> | {{Party name with color|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Srinagar]]<br /> | [[Aga Syed Ruhullah Mehdi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Anantnag–Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag–Rajouri]]<br /> | [[Mian Altaf Ahmed Larvi]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Udhampur]]<br /> | [[Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)|Jitendra Singh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency|Jammu]]<br /> | [[Jugal Kishore Sharma]]<br /> |}<br /> ==Puducherry==<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend| Indian National Congress |1}}<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puducherry]] <br /> | [[V. Vaithilingam]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> ==Ladakh==<br /> [[File:2024 Lok Sabha Ladakh Result Map.svg|thumb]]<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> {{Party legend|Independent|1}}<br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Ladakh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ladakh]] <br /> | [[Mohmad Haneefa]]<br /> | {{Party name with color|Independent}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Lakshadweep==<br /> '''Keys:'''<br /> :'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|1}}'''<br /> :*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|1}}<br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:120px&quot; | Constituency<br /> ! style=&quot;width:180px&quot; | Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Lakshadweep (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakshadweep]] (ST) <br /> | [[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed]]<br /> | {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Membership by party ==<br /> No. of Lok Sabha MP's party-wise:{{Updated|13 August 2025}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Alliance<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> ! No. of MPs<br /> ! Leader of the Party<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;15&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}&quot; |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;15&quot; | '''Government'''&lt;br /&gt;'''[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]'''&lt;br /&gt;Seats: '''293'''<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> | 240<br /> | [[Narendra Modi]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> | 16<br /> | [[Lavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Janata Dal (United)|shortname=JD(U)}}<br /> | 12<br /> | [[Dileshwar Kamait]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|shortname=SHS}}<br /> | 7<br /> | [[Shrikant Shinde]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)}}<br /> | 5<br /> | [[Chirag Paswan]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Janata Dal (Secular)}} <br /> | 2<br /> | [[M. Mallesh Babu]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Janasena Party}}<br /> | 2<br /> | [[Vallabhaneni Balashowry]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Rashtriya Lok Dal}} <br /> | 2<br /> | [[Rajkumar Sangwan]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Anupriya Patel]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Asom Gana Parishad}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Phani Bhusan Choudhury]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|All Jharkhand Students Union}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Chandra Prakash Choudhary]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party}} <br /> | 1<br /> | [[Sunil Tatkare]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Indra Hang Subba]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|United People's Party Liberal}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Joyanta Basumatary]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress|rowspan=20}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;20&quot; |'''[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]'''&lt;br /&gt;Seats: '''234'''<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> | 99<br /> | [[Rahul Gandhi]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> | 37<br /> | [[Akhilesh Yadav]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|All India Trinamool Congress}}<br /> | 28<br /> | [[Abhishek Banerjee (politician)|Abhishek Banerjee]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> | 22<br /> | [[T. R. Baalu]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}<br /> | 9<br /> | [[Arvind Sawant]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}<br /> | 8<br /> | [[Supriya Sule]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> | 4<br /> | [[K. Radhakrishnan (politician)|K. Radhakrishnan]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> | 4<br /> | [[Abhay Kumar Sinha]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Indian Union Muslim League}}<br /> | 3<br /> | [[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}<br /> | 3<br /> | [[Joba Majhi]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> | 2<br /> | [[K. Subbarayan]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}<br /> | 2<br /> | [[Raja Ram Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference}}<br /> | 2<br /> | [[Mian Altaf Ahmed Larvi|Mian Altaf Ahmed]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}<br /> | 2<br /> | [[Thol. Thirumavalavan]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Bharat Adivasi Party}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Rajkumar Roat]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Kerala Congress}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Francis George (politician)|Francis George]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Durai Vaiko]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Hanuman Beniwal]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[N. K. Premachandran]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Independent politician|shortname=IND}}<br /> | 3<br /> |<br /> * [[Pappu Yadav]]<br /> * [[Mohmad Haneefa|Mohammad Haneefa]]<br /> * [[Vishal Patil]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party color cell|Others|rowspan=8}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |'''Unalligned'''&lt;br/&gt;Seats: '''15'''<br /> | {{Party name with colour|YSR Congress Party}}<br /> | 4<br /> | [[P. V. Midhun Reddy]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Aam Aadmi Party}}<br /> | 3<br /> | [[Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer]] <br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Akali Dal (Waris Punjab De)}}<br /> | 2<br /> | [[Amritpal Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Chandrashekhar Azad (politician)|Chandrashekhar Azad]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Harsimrat Kaur Badal]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Zoram People's Movement}}<br /> | 1<br /> | [[Richard Vanlalhmangaiha]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party name with colour|Independent politician|shortname=IND}}<br /> | 2<br /> |<br /> * [[Engineer Rashid|Sheikh Er Rashid]]<br /> * [[Umeshbhai Patel]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Vacant<br /> |<br /> | Vacant <br /> | 2<br /> |Basirhat&lt;br&gt;Shillong&lt;br /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Total<br /> ! 543<br /> !<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Lok Sabha]]<br /> * [[Rajya Sabha]]<br /> * [[18th Lok Sabha]]<br /> * [[List of current members of the Rajya Sabha]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br /> * [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br /> * [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]<br /> * [[Results of the 2024 Indian general election|2024 Indian General Election Result]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Lok Sabha Membership}}<br /> {{Indian general election, 2024}}<br /> {{Parliament of India}}<br /> {{18th Lok Sabha members from all states}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Members Of The 18th Lok Sabha}}<br /> [[Category:18th Lok Sabha|*]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of members of the Lok Sabha by term|18]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of current national legislators|India]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 2024–2029|*]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Gate_(film)&diff=476960 2026-03-26T21:50:55Z

<p>JulianaThurston: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Upcoming Pakistani film by Nadeem Cheema}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Delhi Gate<br /> | image = delhigatefilm.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | native_name = <br /> | director = [[Nadeem Cheema]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | writer = M. Kamal Pasha<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Jawed Sheikh]]<br /> * [[Shafqat Cheema]]<br /> * Roma Micheal<br /> * [[Khalid Butt (actor)|Khalid Butt]]<br /> * Yasser Khan<br /> * [[Suzain Fatima]]<br /> }}<br /> | music = Sanvel Khan<br /> M. Meesam Ali (assistant)<br /> | cinematography = M. A. Mustafa<br /> | editing = <br /> | studio = Sky Fall Films &lt;br&gt; Nadeem Cheema Films<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2026|03|21}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = Pakistan<br /> | language = [[Urdu]]<br /> | budget = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''''Delhi Gate''''' is a 2026 Pakistani [[romantic comedy]] [[action film]]. The film is directed by [[Nadeem Cheema]] with a story written by M. Kamal Pasha. The film follows two strangers, Aamir, a struggling journalist, and Anya, a software engineer with a secret, who cross paths at the iconic [[Delhi Gate, Lahore|Delhi Gate]], of the [[Walled City of Lahore|Walled City]] of [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]]. After witnessing a shocking event, they become entangled in a conspiracy that links powerful figures to a dangerous underground network. The film stars [[Jawed Sheikh]], [[Shafqat Cheema]], Roma Micheal, [[Khalid Butt (actor)|Khalid Butt]], Yasser Khan, and [[Suzain Fatima]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/pakistani-cinema/poster-of-delhi-gate-by-nadeem-cheema-unveiled-1.2127357|title=Poster of 'Delhi Gate' by Nadeem Cheema unveiled|website=gulfnews.com|date=November 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://celebdhaba.com/filmstar-saud-to-star-in-upcoming-film-delhi-gate/|title=Filmstar Saud To Star In Upcoming Film Delhi Gate|first=Muhammad Umer|last=Mirza|date=18 January 2019|work=Celeb Dhaba|access-date=18 May 2019|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927110646/https://celebdhaba.com/filmstar-saud-to-star-in-upcoming-film-delhi-gate/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hipinpakistan.com/news/1156211|title=Shamoon Abbasi clarifies he is not a part of Nadeem Cheema's 'Delhi Gate'|first=Afshan|last=Abbas|date=3 December 2018|website=HIP|access-date=18 May 2019|archive-date=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308090651/https://www.hipinpakistan.com/news/1156211|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Jawed Sheikh]]<br /> * [[Shafqat Cheema]]<br /> * Roma Micheal<br /> * [[Khalid Butt (actor)|Khalid Butt]]<br /> * Yasser Khan<br /> * [[Suzain Fatima]]<br /> * DJ Fluke<br /> * DJ Henaary<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> Originally, the cast consisted of [[Saud (actor)|Saud]], Rashid Mehmood and Umer Cheema, but some of the cast members were later replaced.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/431955/upcoming-film-delhi-gate-aims-to-revive-lahores-film-industry/|title=Upcoming film 'Delhi Gate' aims to revive Lahore's film industry|work=Daily Times|date=17 July 2019|access-date=28 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was made in the city of [[Lahore, Punjab|Lahore]], the first in a long time as most filmmaking had moved to [[Karachi]] from Lahore.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/pakistani-cinema/delhi-gate-brings-the-romance-to-lahore-1.71797926|title='Delhi Gate' brings the romance to Lahore|date=1 June 2020|work=Gulf News}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> The film's release was announced for 2020, but because of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] it was delayed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/592353-shamoon-abbasi-announces-delhi-gate-for-2020|title=Shamoon Abbasi announces Delhi Gate for 2020|work=The News|date=2 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2022, [[Shamoon Abbasi]] revealed that the film will be released in mid-2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://minutemirror.com.pk/wait-is-over-delhi-gate-to-let-filmgoers-into-cinemas-this-year-20928/|title=Wait is over: 'Delhi Gate' to enthral cinemagoers this year|date=12 January 2022|work=Minute Mirror|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2024, the producers advertised a 2025 release.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FryJLNhVbYM | title=Delhi Gate: Theatrical Teaser 4K, Yasser Khan, Shamoon Abbasi, Suzain, Nadeem Cheema &amp;#124; Skyfall Films | website=[[YouTube]] | date=July 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Talha Junaid (@TalhaJunaid786) on X |url=https://twitter.com/TalhaJunaid786/status/1808096972865143244 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240808183724/https://twitter.com/TalhaJunaid786/status/1808096972865143244 |archive-date=2024-08-08 |access-date=2026-02-17 |work=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film is scheduled for a nationwide theatrical release across Pakistan on [[Eid ul Fitr]] 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Spotlight: Getting on Eid ul Fitr again|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1971214 |website=Dawn |publisher=|access-date=11 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|32868853}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Pakistani action films]]<br /> [[Category:Urdu-language Pakistani films]]<br /> [[Category:Lollywood films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s Urdu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Unreleased Pakistani films]]<br /> [[Category:2026 Pakistani films]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forum_for_Naga_Reconciliation&diff=499296 2026-03-25T08:32:01Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Stub!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Naga Peace Convention}}{{Infobox organisation<br /> | name = Naga Forum for Reconciliation<br /> | formation = 24 February 2008<br /> | headquarters = [[Dimapur]]<br /> | key_people = [[Wati Aier]], [[Dolly Kikon]], [[Aküm Longchari]], [[Ellen Konyak]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}<br /> <br /> The '''Forum for Naga Reconciliation''' was formed in 2008&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Co-founder &amp; managing director of daily newspaper in Nagaland – Peacebuilder Online|url=https://emu.edu/now/peacebuilder/2010/12/akum-longchari/|access-date=2022-01-25|website=emu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; after the Naga Peace Convention organised by the Naga Shisha Hoho in [[Dimapur]]. At the start, it had 14 members. Wati Aier is the founding-convenor for the association.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=24 September 2017|title=Naga Reconciliation – A Public Statement|work=[[The Morung Express]]|url=https://morungexpress.com/naga-reconciliation-public-statement|access-date=25 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has emerged as a major force in the Indo-Naga peace process outside the negotiation room between the Indian state and [[Naga nationalism|Naga nationalist]] groups.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baruah|first=Sanjib|title=In the Name of the Nation: India and its Northeast|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2020|isbn=9781503610705|location=Stanford}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Foundation ==<br /> On 24 February 2008, the Forum for Naga Reconciliation (FNR) was formed in principle.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; It was one of the outcomes of the three-day Naga Peace Convention in Dimapur organised by Shisha Hoho, a Christian prayer group. Few had responded to the call and the convention was scantily attended.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kevichüsa|first=Kethoser (Aniu)|title=Mission as Ministry of Reconciliation|publisher=Regnum Books International|year=2013|isbn=9781506476544|editor-last=Schreiter|editor-first=Robert|location=Oxford|pages=301–308|chapter=Tribal Conflicts in India: The Case of the Forum for Naga Reconciliation|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1ddcpgx.32 |editor-last2=Jørgensen|editor-first2=Knud|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ddcpgx.32}}&lt;/ref&gt; FNR was formally inaugurated at Kohima on 25 March 2008 with the support of 39 Naga organisations along with the [[Nagaland Baptist Church Council]] and Council of Naga Baptist Churches.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; It also had the support from members of [[Society of friends]] and [[American Baptist Churches USA]]. The forum sought to reconcile various Naga armed groups on the basis of the historical and political rights of the Nagas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Though some of its members are Christians associated with church institutions, it is not a church organisation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-01-14 |title=Nagaland: FNR calls for 're-imagining' Naga peace process |url=http://nenow.in/north-east-news/nagaland-fnr-calls-for-re-imagining-naga-peace-process.html |access-date=2022-01-25 |website=North East Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It then had the support of several Naga organisations such as the [[Naga Hoho]], [[Eastern Nagaland Peoples' Organization|Eastern Naga People's Organisation]], [[Eastern Naga Students' Federation]], Eastern Naga Students Association, GBs and DBs Federation Nagaland, [[Naga Women's Union, Manipur]], United Naga Council Manipur, All Naga Students Association Manipur, [[Naga Mothers' Association]], [[Naga Students' Federation]], [[Naga People's Movement For Human Rights]], office bearers of the Naga Shisha Hoho, and speakers of the Naga Peace Convention.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ganguly|first=Vibou|date=28 March 2008|title=Forum for Naga Reconciliation formed|work=One India|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/03/28/forum-naga-reconciliation-formed-1206700200.html|access-date=25 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Indo-Naga Peace efforts ==<br /> FNR was formed at the peak of violence between various factions of the Naga armed groups, suspicious, distrust, and divisive political rhetoric.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; It has facilitated various agreements between the Naga armed groups. At various points, independent observers, government bureaucrats, as well as the Indian security establishment have admitted that inter-factional killings among the Naga nationalist groups have reduced due to FNR's efforts.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Longkumer|first=Along|date=August 2020|title=Towards an Indo-Naga peace agreement|url=https://www.india-seminar.com/2020/732/732_along_longkumer.htm|journal=Seminar|volume=732}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2019, FNR called for re-imagining of the Naga peace process keeping people and their aspirations at its core. Therefore, it appealed for a multi-dimensional approach with active participation of all stakeholders. FNR believed that this will strengthen &quot;the process and open up possibilities for transparency, accountability, credibility, and integrity, making it viable and responsive.&quot; It asserted that the present deadlock in the peace process stems from lack of reconciliation essential for historical and political transformation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In December 2020, FNR further appealed for &quot;honest discussion, truth speaking, healing, forgiveness, and reconciliation&quot; to be embedded in the peace process. Analysing the Indian state agenda of creating divisions amongst the Nagas during the Indo-Naga peace talks, it stated&lt;blockquote&gt;[The] trauma and wounds are still raw and sensitive, provoking the worst out of each other. It, therefore, is not surprising that the Indian state and its agencies with guile and statecraft have actively steered the statehood narrative intensifying division and simultaneously normalising complacency and conformity among the Naga populace. But to what end? A divided Naga house is in nobody’s long-term interest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-12-03 |title=Indo-Naga talks: Avoid politicking, says Forum for Naga Reconciliation |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/indo-naga-talks-avoid-politicking-says-forum-for-naga-reconciliation/ |access-date=2022-01-25 |website=[[Eastern Mirror]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Between May 2008 to June 2015, and September 2022 to June 2024, a total of 286 official meetings were held between the Naga political groups and FNR.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=[[Wati Aier]] |date=13 June 2024 |title=Tracing the path of reconciliation: Lessons from past to present |url=https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/2024/06/13/tracing-the-path-of-reconciliation-lessons-from-past-to-present/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=[[Nagaland Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> === Covenant of Reconciliation ===<br /> After several visits, FNR brought together three out of the four Naga political groups, namely NSCN (IM), NSCN (K), and the Federal Government of Nagaland/Naga National Council for a meeting. Due to security reasons, they decided to have it outside Nagaland.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; On 21 August 2008, representatives from various Naga political groups, tribal organisations, and the church and civil society organisations adopted the 10-point ''Covenant of Common Hope'' at the third Naga Peace Summit at [[Chiang Mai]], [[Thailand]]. This served as foundation for the ''Covenant of Reconciliation'' (CoR). FNR was instrumental in facilitating both these covenants between various Naga organisations and groups.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> On 31 May 2009, during a Christian foot-washing service in Chiang Mai, one of the retired generals of the political group knelt before a younger man and asked for forgiveness for the violence inflicted on the Naga people. After nine meetings, five times outside of India numbering 28 days, and twelve times in Naga areas, [[Isak Chishi Swu]], [[S. S. Khaplang]], and S Singnya. signed the Covenant of Reconciliation on 13 June 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; The signatories committed before God to offer themselves to Naga Reconciliation and Forgiveness based on the Historical and Political Rights of the Nagas. They resolved to work together in the spirit of love, nonviolence, peace and respect to resolve outstanding issues among themselves. The Covenant of Reconciliation was instrumental in the cessation of armed confrontation and bloodshed among the Naga political groups.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; It is important to note the Christian context of &quot;covenant&quot; and &quot;reconciliation&quot; used in the process.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;/&gt; Part of the covenant reads,&lt;blockquote&gt;Having been deeply convicted by God’s call in Christ, and the voice of the Naga people, we hereby solemnly commit before God to offer ourselves to Naga Reconciliation and Forgiveness based on the Historical and Political Rights of the Nagas. We resolve to continue to work together in this spirit of love, non-violence, peace and respect to resolve outstanding issues amongst us.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== First renewal ====<br /> The covenant was reaffirmed on 18 September 2010 in [[Dimapur]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=World Baptists commend Naga Reconciliation|url=https://morungexpress.com/world-baptists-commend-naga-reconciliation|access-date=2022-01-25|website=MorungExpress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Top leaders from the two factions of [[National Socialist Council of Nagaland]] (NSCN) as well as [[Naga National Council]]/Federal Government of Nagaland (NNC/FGN). They included [[Thuingaleng Muivah]] (NSCN-IM), N. Kitovi Zhimomi (NSCN-K), and S. Singnya. They issued a joined declaration, “We commit to cessation of all forms of hostilities, including any territorial expansion (supremacy of one group over other in geographical term), and for this the Joint Working Group (of three factions) will meet from time to time.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=2010-09-19 |title=Top leaders of three Naga groups meet, vow to reconcile |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Top-leaders-of-three-Naga-groups-meet-vow-to-reconcile/article15974865.ece |access-date=2025-02-04 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Nagaland government welcomed the statement at a state cabinet meeting acknowledging it as a major step &quot;towards realising unity, understanding and oneness among all sections of Naga society.&quot; It extended its appreciation to all the stakeholders involved in the process.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=2010-09-22 |title=Nagaland cabinet welcomes summit of top Naga leaders |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Nagaland-cabinet-welcomes-summit-of-top-Naga-leaders/article16043411.ece |access-date=2025-02-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Ever since, FNR has been marking 13 June as a day to renew the covenant.<br /> <br /> ==== Silent years ====<br /> After the government of India invited the NSCN (IM) for talks which led to the signing of the Framework Agreement in 2015, there was discontent amongst the other Naga political groups on being sidelined. The other two political groups left out from the agreement namely, NSCN-K and NNC/FGN suspected that FNR had a role in the negotiations. On 30 November 2015, the two political groups decided to move away from the FNR-led covenant. The years between November 2015 and August 2022 are viewed as the silent years between the Naga political groups and FNR.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> During these years, the Naga National Political Groups (NNPG) was formed with [[R. N. Ravi]] as the government interlocutor for the Naga talks signed the Agreed Position document on 17 November 2017. The newly formed political groups numbering seven became part of the talks. Later, these groups gave rise to newer factions led by new leaders.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; During these years, some of the leaders did attend a renewal of the covenant.<br /> <br /> ==== Ninth anniversary ====<br /> In 2018, the ninth anniversary of the covenant was held at the [[Dimapur Ao Baptist Arogo]] in Duncan Basti, Dimapur. Various members from the Naga insurgent groups attended and affirmed their commitment.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Thinuoselie Keyho of the [[Naga National Council]] reminded the group that not very long ago the [[Indian Army]] thought that the Naga movement could be destroyed in a few weeks or months. On the other hand, the Naga leaders at times questioned how long they could fight the Indian state. They believed that they could do so only for three months. However, Keyho pointed out that even 63 years hence the Indo-Naga conflict goes on. Keyho pointed out that the FNR has still not managed to bring together all Naga nationalist group, inviting them to still push further.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=14 June 2018|title=FNR commemorates 9th year of Covenant of Reconciliation|work=Nagaland Page|url=https://nagalandpage.com/fnr-commemorates-9th-year-of-covenant-of-reconciliation/|access-date=25 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Representing the Isac-Muivah faction of the [[National Socialist Council of Nagaland|National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN)]], V. Makritsu renewed the organisation's vow, &quot;We reiterate our stand that together we have started, together we shall finish it. NSCN shall never back out from its commitment to it... now is the time of the Nagas [sic] to reassemble under one political roof.&quot; C. Singson from the Unification faction of NSCN said, &quot;Leaving aside all the difference as a person, as political leaders with contrasting ideology and principles, we will learn to accept each other through reconciliation and love for the nation (Naga-Land).&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Singson commended FNR for bringing a spiritual reawakening to the Naga movement and restoring the &quot;lost consciousness of the people.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Though no representative from the Khaplang faction of the NSCN were present, they sent a statement informing their commitment to the covenant.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-14|title=Naga groups reaffirm commitment to reconciliation - Eastern Mirror|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/naga-groups-reaffirm-commitment-to-reconciliation/|access-date=2022-01-25|website=easternmirrornagaland.com|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> At the same meeting, two persons who had suffered through the ensuing violence also spoke of their loss, grief, and forgiveness. One of them, Khetoli spoke of her life after her husband was shot dead a decade ago when he was on his way from [[Dimapur]] to [[Zunheboto]]. She was left with small children to look after. She shared that she had forgiven those who had killed her husband and requested others to forgive people in their lives who had done wrong to them. Visasier Kevichüsa, whose [[Chalie Kevichüsa|father]] and uncle were killed similarly within a span of four years, spoke of his life as a child thereafter. The killings shaped, influenced, and changed his family. Through his experience, he learnt that to forgive meant everything and it was the way of Christ who he follows. Today, Kevichüsa is a Baptist pastor.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Tenth anniversary ====<br /> On 13 June 2019, FNR marked ten years since the signing of the covenant with an appeal that churches in all Naga areas ring their bells and chimes at noon for 60 seconds.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=4 November 2012 |title=Naga groups committed to reconciliation: FNR |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/naga-groups-committed-to-reconciliation-fnr/article4064676.ece |access-date=2022-01-25 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |agency=PTI}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== End of silent years ====<br /> FNR was asked to arrange for a meeting between the NSCN-IM and NNPG in August 2022. This led to the signing of the 'Joint September Accordant' between them on 14 September 2022 at [[Sovima]] affirming the covenant. &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Recover, Restore, and Decolonise ==<br /> FNR, along with anthropologists [[Dolly Kikon]] and [[Arkotong Longkumer]], initiated dialogues with [[Pitt Rivers Museum]] to collaborate on the possible repatriation of Naga ancestral remains housed in the museum. During the British colonial era, Naga human remains were taken from the Naga areas and today is housed in various museums across Europe and in private collections.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Talilula |title=No Rest for our Ancestors in Museums |date=2023-07-03 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003406693/chapters/10.4324/9781003406693-11 |work=Death and Dying in Northeast India |pages=146–161 |access-date=2023-08-15 |edition=1 |place=London |publisher=Routledge India |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781003406693-11 |isbn=978-1-003-40669-3|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:2000s in Nagaland]]<br /> [[Category:Naga people]]<br /> [[Category:Christianity in Nagaland]]<br /> [[Category:Activists from Nagaland]]<br /> [[Category:Naga nationalism]]<br /> [[Category:Organisations based in Nagaland]]<br /> [[Category:2008 establishments in India]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jagat_Gosain&diff=473914 2026-03-17T16:26:22Z

<p>JulianaThurston: further updated citations after review and cleaned formatting after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{pp|small=yes}}<br /> {{distinguish|Mariam-uz-Zamani}}<br /> {{short description|Empress Consort of Mughal Emperor Jahangir}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox royalty<br /> | name = Jagat Gosain<br /> | title = [[Princess|Rajkumari]] of [[Marwar Kingdom|Marwar]] &lt;br/&gt;[[Empress consort]] of the [[Mughal Empire]]<br /> | image = Young Jodh bai (crop).png<br /> | image_size = 220px<br /> | caption = Jagat Gosain holding a [[Bulbul]] c.17th century<br /> | succession = <br /> | reign = <br /> | birth_name = Shri Manavati Baiji Lall Sahiba<br /> | birth_date = 13 May 1573<br /> | birth_place = [[Jodhpur]] or [[Phalodi]], [[Marwar Kingdom|Marwar]], [[Mughal Empire]] &lt;br/&gt; (present-day [[Rajasthan]], [[India]])<br /> | death_date = {{date of death and age|1619|4|8|1573|5|13|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = Akbarabad, [[Agra Subah]], [[Mughal Empire]] &lt;br/&gt; (present-day [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India)<br /> | consort = <br /> | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Jahangir]]|21 January 1586}}<br /> | issue = {{Plainlist|<br /> *Begum Sultan Begum <br /> *[[Shah Jahan]]<br /> *[[Luzzat-un-Nissa Begum]]}}<br /> | dynasty = {{Plainlist|<br /> *[[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] (''by birth'')<br /> *[[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] (''by marriage'')}}<br /> | posthumous name = Bilqis Makani ({{lit|Lady of the Pure Abode}})<br /> | father = [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Raja Udai Singh]]<br /> | mother = Manrang Devi<br /> | religion = [[Hinduism]]<br /> | burial_place = Dehra Bagh, [[Agra]] (present-day Jodhbai Ki Chattri at Arjun Nagar, [[Agra]])<br /> }}<br /> '''Manavati Bai''', also spelled as '''Manvati Bai''', (13 May 1573 – 8 April 1619), better known by her title, '''Jagat Gosain''' ({{lit|Saint of the World}}), was the second wife and the [[empress consort]] of the fourth Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]] and the mother of his successor, [[Shah Jahan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Tirmizi|first=S. A. I.|title=Mughal Documents|publisher=Manohar|year=1989|pages=31}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Jadunath|title=Mughal Administration|publisher=M. C. Sarkar|year=1952|pages=156–57}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She is also known as '''Mani Bai''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yXZCAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=mani+bai+Jahangir|title=Proceedings|year=1963|volume=24|pages=135|last1=Congress|first1=Indian History}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hooja|first=Rima|title=A history of Rajasthan|pages=163}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''Manmati''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Welch|first=Stuart Cary|title=The Emperors' Album: Images of Mughal India|pages=137}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Awan|first=Muhammad Tariq|title=History of India and Pakistan: pt. 1. Great Mughals|year=1994|pages=378}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''Jodh Bai''' ({{lit|Princess of Jodhpur}}),&lt;ref name=&quot;Findly, p. 396&quot;&gt;[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 396&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Thackston&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last3=Thackston|first3=Wheeler M.|title=The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|url=https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha|date=1999|publisher=Oxford Univ. Press|location=New York [u.a.]|isbn=9780195127188|page=[https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/13 13]}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''Taj Bibi'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sen Gupta|first=Subhadra|title=MAHAL: Power and Pageantry in the Mughal Harem|quote=She is called Jagat Gosain, Jodha Bai, Manmati, Taj Bibi, and after her death, Jahangir gave her the posthumous title of Bilqis Makani, the Lady of the Pure Abode}}&lt;/ref&gt; ({{lit|Lady of the Crown}}) and was also given the [[Posthumous name|posthumous title]] of '''Bilqis Makani''' ({{lit|Lady of the Pure Abode}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Sharma|first1=Sudha|title=The Status of Muslim Women in Medieval India|date=2016|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=9789351505679|page=144|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Lal|first1=K.S.|title=The Mughal harem|date=1988|publisher=Aditya Prakashan|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788185179032|page=149}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was also wrongly referred to as '''Balmati Begum''' by [[Sebastien Manrique|Manrique]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=European Travel Accounts During the Reigns of Shahjahan and Aurangzeb|year=1994|pages=38}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Manrique|first=Sebastian|title=Travels of Fray Sebāstien Manrique, 1629-1643|pages=299}}&lt;/ref&gt; She should not be confused with her mother-in-law, [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]], who was erroneously called as &quot;Jodha Bai&quot; by European historians since any daughter belonging to the Jodhpur region could be called Jodha Bai or daughter of Jodhpur region.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Jhala|first1=Angma Dey|title=Royal Patronage, Power and Aesthetics in Princely India|date=2011|publisher=Pickering &amp; Chatto Limited|page=119}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> By birth, she was a [[Rajput]] princess of [[Kingdom of Marwar|Marwar]] (present-day Jodhpur) and was the daughter of [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Raja Udai Singh]] (popularly known as ''Mota Raja''), the ruler of [[Marwar]] and the full-sister of [[Sur Singh|Sawai Raja Sur Singh]], another ruler of Marwar and [[Kishan Singh of Kishangarh|Maharaja Kishan Singh]], founder of [[Kishangarh State|Kishangarh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Shujauddin|first1=Mohammad|last2=Shujauddin|first2=Razia|title=The Life and Times of Noor Jahan|date=1967|publisher=Caravan Book House|location=Lahore|page=50|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Balabanlilar|first1=Lisa|title=Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic Politics in Early Modern South and Central Asia|date=2015|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9780857732460|page=10|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mukhoty |first=Ira |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XjaYuQEACAAJ |title=Daughters of the Sun: Empresses, Queens and Begums of the Mughal Empire |date=2018 |publisher=Aleph |isbn=978-93-86021-12-0 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Family==<br /> Born on 13 May 1573 as Manavati Bai, she was known popularly as ''Jodh Bai'' (the [[Jodhpur]] Princess).&lt;ref name=&quot;Findly, p. 125&quot;&gt;[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 125&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan ; Volume II|pages=46}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|publisher=Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery|year=2019|pages=xiii}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Tillotson|first1=Giles|title=Taj Mahal|date=2008|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Mass.|isbn=9780674063655|page=28}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was born to the [[Rathore (Rajput clan)|Rathore]] clan of [[Rajput]]s and was the daughter of [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Raja Udai Singh]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Thackston&quot; /&gt; the ruler of [[Marwar]] (present-day Jodhpur).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Chandra|first1=Satish|title=Medieval India : from Sultanat to the Mughals|date=2005|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788124110669|page=116|edition=Revised}}&lt;/ref&gt; Udai Singh was popularly known by the sobriquet ''Mota Raja'' (the fat king).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mehta|first1=Jaswant Lal|title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India|date=1986|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=9788120710153|page=418}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her mother was Rajavat Kachvahi Manrang Devi, the principal consort of her father and daughter of Raja [[Askaran]] of [[Narwar]] (d.1599), who was also briefly Raja of [[Amer, India|Amber]] before being ousted in favor of his uncle, [[Bharmal]].&lt;ref&gt;Richard Saran and Norman P. Ziegler, ''The Mertiyo Rathors of Merto, Rajasthan'' (2001), p. 45&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bhargava|first=Visheshwar Sarup|title=Marwar And The Mughal Emperors (1526-1748)|pages=58}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Soma Mukherjee, ''Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions'' (2001), p. 128&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=J. N. |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |orig-year=1984 |edition=Reprinted |year=1994 |title=A History of Jaipur |publisher=Orient Longman |isbn=81-250-0333-9 |pages=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&amp;pg=PA31}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Her paternal grandfather was [[Maldeo Rathore]], under whose rule Marwar turned into a strong [[Rajput Kingdoms|Rajput Kingdom]] that resisted foreign rule and challenged the invaders for northern supremacy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Lal|first1=K.S.|title=The Mughal harem|date=1988|publisher=Aditya Prakashan|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788185179032|page=27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maldeo Rathore refused to ally with either the [[Sur Empire]] or the [[Mughal Empire]] after [[Humayun]] regained control of [[North India]] in 1555. This policy was continued by his son and successor, [[Chandrasen Rathore]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Royal Umbrellas of Stone: Memory, Politics, and Public Identity in Rajput Funerary Art |first=Melia Belli |last=Bose |publisher=BRILL |year=2015 |isbn=978-9-00430-056-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6dR0CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA150 |page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After the death of Maldeo Rathore in 1562, a fratricidal war for succession started and Chandrasen crowned himself in the capital, Jodhpur. But his reign was short-lived as Emperor [[Akbar]]'s army occupied Merta in the same year and the capital Jodhpur in 1563.&lt;ref name=Sarkar94&gt;{{harvnb|Sarkar|1994|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&amp;pg=PA41 41]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After the death of Rao Chandrasen in January 1581, Marwar was brought under direct Mughal administration. In August 1583, Akbar restored the throne of Marwar to Udai Singh, who, unlike his predecessors, submitted to the Mughals and subsequently joined the Mughal service.&lt;ref name=Sarkar94/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Marriage to Jahangir==<br /> [[File:Young Jodh bai with Jahangir.jpg|thumb|Young Jagat Gosain and Prince [[Jahangir|Salim]], both holding [[Bulbul|Bulbuls]] c.17th century ]]<br /> According to Muni Lal, the young Jagat Gosain is said to have caught the eye of Prince Salim when he was attending a function with his mother and other senior women of the [[Mughal Harem|Mughal harem]]. He is said to have immediately proposed marriage. The Emperor was reluctant to give his consent and only agreed upon the intercession of [[Hamida Banu Begum|Hamida Banu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lal|first=Muni|title=Jahangir|year=1983|pages=24}}&lt;/ref&gt; She married the 16-year-old Prince Salim (later known as 'Jahangir' upon his accession) on 11 January 1586.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Dimensions of Indian Womanhood, Volume 3|year=1993|pages=338}}&lt;/ref&gt; The marriage settlement was fixed at seventy-five lakhs tankas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Akbar, himself, accompanied by the ladies of the harem, went to the Raja's house where the marriage was solemnized.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Jahangir|first=Emperor Of Hindustan|title=The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|url=https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha|publisher=Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press|year=1999|isbn=9780195127188|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/6 6]|translator-last=Thackston|translator-first=W. M.|quote=In 994 [1586], at an auspicious hour. His Majesty [Jahangir] was affianced to the daughter of Raja Udai Singh, whose nobility, status, army, and power were superior to all the rajas of India. His Majesty Arsh-Ashyani [Akbar] went with the ladies of the harem to the raja's house for the marriage and celebration. Raja Udai Singh was the son of Raja Mai Deo, who was one of the major rajas of puissance, and whose army numbered eighty thousand horsemen.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bhargava|first=Visheshwar Sarup|title=Marwar And The Mughal Emperors (1526-1748)|year=1966|pages=59}}&lt;/ref&gt; The marriage ceremony was lavish one, with both Hindu fire ceremonies in the presence of a priest chanting Sanskrit verses, and Muslim proprieties in presence of Qadi and an array of military and civilian dignitaries.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Nicoll|first=Fergus|title=Shah-Jahan: The Rise and Fall of the Mughal Emperor|publisher=Penguin Random House Private India Limited|date=3 April 2018|quote=His wedding to Manmati Jodh-Bhai had been a characteristically lavish ceremony, featuring both Hindu fire ceremonies, with priests chanting Sanskrit verses, and the full Muslim proprieties, in the presence of the Qadi, the senior Islamic jurist, and an array of military and civilian dignitaries.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to ''[[Kaviraja Muraridan|Murārdān]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Kaviraj Murardanji ki Khyat ka Tarjuma|pages=605}}&lt;/ref&gt; her paternal cousin, Rana Kalyan Das Rathore took offence at this marriage and was angry at Mota Raja and had remarked –<br /> <br /> {{Quote|text=''Why has a daughter been married to the Turks? I shall kill the Prince and Mota Raja! ''{{Failed verification|date=July 2025}}}}<br /> <br /> When the Mota Raja heard this remark, he informed Akbar who ordered him to kill Kalyan Das. Kalyan Das fled the Imperial Camp to Siwana. Udai Singh sent two of his sons, Bhopat and Jaisingh to Siwana. But the fort and opponent proved too strong for them and they were forced to retreat. In the face of this defeat, Mota Raja received permission from Akbar to leave the imperial camp. After his return to Marwar, he led a force against Siwana himself. Kalyan Das, realizing defeat was imminent, had his wives perform Jauhar and himself led his men to die fighting. After this victory, Siwana was handed over to Mota Raja.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan Vol II|pages=278–279}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She was granted the title &quot;Jagat Gosain&quot; on account of her ability and learning.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lal Shrivastava|first=Ashirbadi|title=Society, and culture in 16th century India|year=1973|pages=293|quote=Her original name was Man Mati and on account of her ability and learning she was given the title of Jagat Gosain}}&lt;/ref&gt; This marriage served very well for the cause of the house of Marwar. Marwar's alliance with Mughal would have broken down due to religious strain estrangement had Jahangir and Shah Jahan not been bound by blood ties. After this marriage, Udai Singh and brothers and nephews of Jodh bai succeeded in gaining the confidence of their contemporary rules and were recipients of Royal favors.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bhargava|first=Vishweshwar Sarup|title=Marwar And The Mughal Emperors (1526-1748)|year=1966|pages=59}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Although the marriage was a political one, Jagat was known not only for her beauty, charm, and soft voice but for her wit, courage, and spontaneity of response, all of which greatly endeared her to her husband during the early years of their marriage.&lt;ref name=&quot;Findly, p. 124&quot;&gt;[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 124&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; She is believed to have been a good singer and well-versed in music. After her marriage, she was placed under a group of expert musicians for proper training.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=S. B.|title=Life and Times of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad|pages=372}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Azhar|first=Mirza Ali|title=King Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh, Volume 2|pages=67}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1590, she gave birth to her first child, a daughter, named Begum Sultan, who died at the age of one.&lt;ref name=&quot;Moosvi&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Moosvi|first1=Shireen|title=People, taxation, and trade in Mughal India|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780195693157|page=114}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 5 January 1592, she gave birth to Salim's third son, who was named 'Khurram' (&quot;joyous&quot;) by his grandfather, Emperor Akbar. The prince, who was to become the future emperor [[Shah Jahan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Findly, p. 125&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Her son Khurram, considered to be auspicious according to his astrological signs, was raised at Akbar's insistence under his care in his palace rather than Salim's palace. He was placed under the care of Akbar's first wife [[Ruqaiya Sultan Begum|Ruqaiya Begum]] who resided in Akbar's harem, and is stated to have raised Khurram affectionately.<br /> <br /> After Akbar died in 1605, the young prince was allowed to return to his father's household, and thus returned to the supervision of his mother, whom he cared for and loved. He had become devoted to her and designated her ''Hazrat'' in his court chronicles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Perston |first1=Diana |title=A Teardrop on the Cheek of Time: The Story of the Taj Mahal |last2=Perston |first2=Micheal |quote=Although removed from his mother at birth, Shah Jahan had become devoted to her.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Faruqui&gt;{{cite book|last=Faruqui|first=Munis D.|title=Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504–1719|date=27 August 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-02217-1|page=71}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In the intervening years, Jagat had given birth to her third and last child in 1597, a daughter, [[Luzzat-un-Nissa Begum|Luzzat-un-Nissa]], who died in infancy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Moosvi&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> According to Findly, Jagat Gosain seems to have lost her husband's favor quite early on in their marriage,&lt;ref name=&quot;Findly, p. 49&quot;&gt;[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 49&lt;/ref&gt; whereas according to S. S. Gupta, she was the favorite wife of Jahangir till the arrival of her arch-rival in the imperial harem, [[Nur Jahan]]̣, of whom Jagat was scornful.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Subhadra Sen|title=MAHAL: Power and Pageantry in the Mughal Harem|publisher=Hachette, UK|quote=She was the favorite queen of Jahangir till the arrival of Nur Jahan, and there was an open rivalry between the two queens, which led to many gossipy stories about their encounter.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jahangir had married her in 1611 and from the time of their marriage until his death, Nur Jahan was indisputably his favorite wife.&lt;ref name=&quot;Findly, p. 126&quot;&gt;[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 126&lt;/ref&gt; Even before his marriage with Nur Jahan, Jahangir's chief consort and [[Padshah Begum]] was his wife [[Saliha Banu Begum]], who held this position from the time of their marriage till her death in 1620, after which this honorable title was passed on to Nur Jahan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Findly, p. 125&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Jahangiri Mahal]] at [[Agra Fort]] used to be the residence of Jagat Gosain, as chosen by Jahangir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Preservation of National Monuments: ... Report of the Curator of Ancient Monuments in India for the Year ..., Issue 1|publisher=Government Central Branch Press|year=1882|location=India|pages=vi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Gazetteer Of Agra|year=1905|pages=216}}&lt;/ref&gt; The West side of the quadrangle, surrounded by oblong niches with portraits of Hindu deity, was her temple.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Havell|first=E. B.|title=A Handbook to Agra and the Taj Sikandra, Fatehpur-Sikri and the Neighbourhood|pages=29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> [[File:PhotoEditor 202141705047578.jpg|thumb|Kanch Mahal at Sikandar]] <br /> The Kanch Mahal, sometimes called Jodh Bai's Mahal, located at [[Agra|Sikandra]], is said to have been built by Jahangir for Jagat Gosain.&lt;ref&gt;F.J. McBride, Sikandra 1840-1940 (Sikandra, 1940), p.13.&lt;/ref&gt; Also the area called 'Taj Ganj' in Agra is said to be named in her honor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hooja|first=Rima|title=A History of Rajasthan|publisher=Rupa &amp; Company|year=2006|location=Rajasthan, India|pages=536}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She is also said to have founded a village named Sohagpura, which is wholly dedicated to the manufacturing of glass bangles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rawat|first=Dr. Sugandh|title=THE WOMEN OF MUGHAL HAREM|publisher=Evincepub Publishing|year=2020|pages=182}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> In 1619, during her stay at [[Fatehpur Sikri]], Jagat Gosain became ill and the treatment she received had no effect.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kamboh|first=Muhammad Saleh|title=Amal I Salih|quote=During her stay at Fatehpur, the mother of Shah Jahan, Hazrat Bilqis Makani, a resident of Agra became ill. The treatment did not work. Finally, on 4th Jamadi-ul-Awal, she passed away and according to her will, she was buried at Dehra Bagh, near Noor Manzil.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Finally, she died on 8 April 1619 at Akbarabad (present-day [[Agra]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Shah Jahan Nama of 'Inayat Khan|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1990|pages=xl|quote=In the fourteenth year of Jahangir's reign, corresponding to 1028 ( 18 April 1619 ), when His Majesty had attained the age of twenty - eight years, the Bilqis of the age, His Majesty's noble mother, died at Akbarabad .}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jahangir noted the death:<br /> <br /> {{Quote|text=On Friday, the 30th, the mother(Jodh baī) of Shāh-Jahān attained the mercy of God.|author=Jahangir, Emperor of India|title=Tūzuk-i-Jahangīrī|source=Volume II p. 84}}<br /> <br /> Shah Jahan, as noted by Jahangir, was inconsolable and<br /> <br /> {{Quote|text=The next day I myself <br /> went to the house of that precious son, and having condoled with him in every way, took him with me to the palace.|author=Jahangir, Emperor of India|source=Volume II p. 84|title=Tūzuk-i-Jahangīrī}}<br /> <br /> According to Muni Lal, Shah Jahan was so indulged in grief on the death of his mother that &quot;''For twenty-one days he attended no public entertainment and subsisted on simple vegetarian meals''&quot; and [[Mumtaz Mahal|Arjumand Banu]] &quot;''personally supervised the distribution of food to the poor during the three - week mourning period and led the recitation of the Holy Quran every morning''&quot; and &quot;''gave her husband many a lesson on the substance of life and death, and begged him not to grieve''&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lal|first=Muni|title=Shah Jahan|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|year=1986|pages=52}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After her death, Jahangir ordered that she be called Bilqis Makani (&quot;the Lady of Pure Abode&quot;)&lt;ref name=&quot; Findly, p. 94&quot;&gt;[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 94&lt;/ref&gt; in all official documents.&lt;ref name=&quot;Findly, p. 162&quot;&gt;[[#refFindly|Findly]], p. 162&lt;/ref&gt; Her death, along with the retirement of [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]], led to the decline of Rajput influence on the Mughal court.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> She was buried in Dehra Bagh near Noor Manzil (present-day Arjun Nagar, Agra) according to her wishes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Her tomb was a square building of 78 feet on all sides and consisted of a high dome, gateways, towers and a garden situated in the cantonment area. It had a large vaulted underground chamber, into which four inclined passages descended. A marble cenotaph is believed to have existed below. Her tomb stood on two platforms, one higher than the other. The first platform extended 38 feet from the tomb and the second about 44 feet from the first. On the east side, 670 feet away was a grand gate and on the west side, 657 feet away stood a [[mosque]]. Between the tomb and the gateway and the tomb and mosque were two raised platforms, one on each side of 42 feet square.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Beglar|first=J. D.|date=1871–1872|title=Delhi|journal=Archeological Survey of India|volume=IV|pages=121–122|via=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing}}&lt;/ref&gt; All of this was blown up in 1832 with gunpowder, for the sake of its site and material, stone and brick, which the British needed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=R.|last=Nath|title=Histographical Study of Indo-Muslim Study: Medieval Architecture of India and Pakistan|publisher=Historical Research Documentation Programme|year=1989|pages=10|isbn=978-8-185-10510-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Jodh Bai's Chattri.jpg|thumb|Chhatri of Empress Jodh Bai]]<br /> In 1921, a [[chhatri]] was constructed marking the site of her tomb using a design made in the Archeological Superintendent Office. The Chhatri is built exactly on the site of the original crypt chamber. The construction of the Chhatri was funded by the Maharajadhiraja of Burdwan and cost about Rs 200(in 1921). The Chhatri is known as '' 'Chhatri making the site of the Empress Jodhbai's Tomb'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' or simply '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Jodhbai Ki Chhatri'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dImAQAAMAAJ|title=Annual Report|publisher=Office of Archeological Survey of India|year=1922|pages=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Annual Progress Report of the Superintendent, Muhammadan and British Monuments, Northern Circle|publisher=Archeological Survey of India, Northern Circle|year=1921|pages=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Issue==<br /> With [[Jahangir]], Jagat had three children:<br /> * Begum Sultan Begum (9 October 1590, Lahore, Mughal Empire – September 1591, Mughal Empire); <br /> * [[Shah Jahan|Muhammad Khurram]] (5 January 1592, Lahore, Mughal Empire – 22 January 1666, Agra Fort, Agra, Mughal Empire, buried in Taj Mahal, Agra), succeeded Jahangir as the 5th Emperor as Shah Jahan;<br /> * [[Luzzat-un-Nissa Begum]] ( 23 September 1597, Kashmir, Mughal Empire – {{Circa|1603}}, Allahabad, Mughal Empire).<br /> <br /> ==In popular culture==<br /> * Jagat Gosain is a principal character in [[Indu Sundaresan]]'s award-winning historical novel ''The Twentieth Wife'' (2002)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Sundaresan|first1=Indu|title=Twentieth wife : a novel|date=2002|publisher=Washington Square Press|location=New York|isbn=9780743428187|page=[https://archive.org/details/twentiethwife00sund_0/page/11 11]|edition=Paperback|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/twentiethwife00sund_0/page/11}}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as in its sequel ''The Feast of Roses'' (2003).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Sundaresan|first1=Indu|title=The Feast of Roses: A Novel|date=2003|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9780743481960|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Nayani Dixit portrayed Jagat Gosain in [[EPIC (TV channel)|EPIC]] channel's historical drama ''[[Siyaasat]]''. (based on Twentieth Wife) <br /> *Jagat Gosain is a character in novel ''Nur Jahan's Daughter'' (2005) written by Tanushree Poddar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Podder|first=Tanushree|title=Nur Jahan's Daughter|publisher=Rupa &amp; Co.|year=2005|isbn=9788129107220|location=New Delhi}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> *Jagat Gosain is a principal character in the novel ''Nurjahan: A historical novel'' by Jyoti Jafa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Jafa|first=Jyoti|title=Nurjahan: A historical novel|publisher=Writer's Workshop|year=1978|location=India}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> *Jagat Gosain is a character in the novel ''Beloved Empress Mumtaz Mahal: A Historical Novel'' by Nina Consuelo Epton.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Epton|first=Nina Consuelo|title=Beloved Empress Mumtaz Mahal: A Historical Novel|publisher=Roli Books|year=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> *Jagat Gosain as Jodh Bai is a character in Alex Rutherford's novel ''Ruler of the World''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rutherford|first=Alex|title=Ruler of the World|publisher=Hachette UK|year=2011|isbn=978-0-755-34758-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;(2011) as well as in its sequel ''The Tainted Throne''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rutherford|first=Alex|title=The Tainted Throne|publisher=Hachette UK|year=2012|isbn=978-0-755-34761-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; (2012) of the series ''[[Empire of the Moghul]]''. <br /> *Jagat Gosain as Jodi Bai is a character in the novel ''Taj, a Story of Mughal India'' by Timeri Murari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murari|first=Timeri|title=Taj, a Story of Mughal India|publisher=Penguin|year=2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> *Jagat Gosain was character in [[Doordarshan]]'s 2001 TV series, [[Noorjahan (TV series)|Noorjahan]].<br /> *In the 2023 [[ZEE5|ZEE5's]] web series [[Taj: Divided by Blood]], Jagat Gossain is portrayed by Tanvi Negi. <br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |1= 1. '''Jagat Gosain'''<br /> |2= 2. [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Udai Singh]], Raja of [[Jodhpur State|Marwar]]<br /> |3=3. Manrang Devi<br /> |4= 4. [[Maldev Rathore|Maldeo]], Rao of [[Jodhpur State|Marwar]]<br /> |5= 5. Swarup Devi<br /> |6= 6. [[Askaran]], Raja of [[Narwar]]<br /> |7=<br /> |8= 8. [[Ganga Rathore of Marwar|Ganga]], Rao of [[Jodhpur State|Marwar]]<br /> |9= 9. Padma Bai of [[Sirohi]]&lt;ref&gt;Shyam Singh Ratnawat, Krishna Gopal Sharma, ''History and culture of Rajasthan: from earliest times upto 1956 A.D.'' (1999), p.162&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |10= 10. Jaito Sajavat Of Khairawa&lt;ref&gt;''The Merto Rathors Of Merta, Rajasthan; Volume II'' (1966), p.29&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |11=<br /> |12= 12. [[Bhim Singh of Amber|Bhim Singh]], Raja of [[Amer, India|Amber]]&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Sarkar|1994|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&amp;pg=PA28 28]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |13=<br /> |14=<br /> |15= }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * &lt;cite id=refFindly&gt;Findly, Ellison Banks (1993). ''[https://archive.org/details/nurjahanempressofmughalindia/mode/2up Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India]''. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|9780195360608}}.&lt;/cite&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> * [http://www.kforknowledge.com/2011/09/jehangir-and-shah-jehan.html Jehangir and Shah Jehan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505015507/http://www.kforknowledge.com/2011/09/jehangir-and-shah-jehan.html |date=5 May 2012 }}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100528145829/http://www.boloji.com/history/012.htm The World Conqueror: Jahangir] (archived 28 May 2010)<br /> * [https://archive.org/stream/tuzukijahangirio00jahauoft#page/n4/mode/1up The ''Tūzuk-i-Jahangīrī'' or ''Memoirs of Jahāngīr''] on [[Internet Archive]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:1573 births]]<br /> [[Category:1619 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:16th-century Indian women]]<br /> [[Category:16th-century Indian people]]<br /> [[Category:Wives of Jahangir]]<br /> [[Category:Mothers of Mughal emperors]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Willey_(cricketer)&diff=458508 2026-03-12T21:35:08Z

<p>JulianaThurston: small changes</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|English cricketer (born 1990)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox cricketer<br /> | name = David Willey<br /> | image = David Willey (51223172836) (cropped).jpg<br /> | caption = Willey preparing to bowl, June 2021<br /> | country = England <br /> | fullname = David Jonathan Willey<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1990|2|28|df=yes}} <br /> | birth_place = [[Northampton]], [[Northamptonshire]], England<br /> | heightft = 6<br /> | heightinch = 1<br /> | heightm = <br /> | batting = Left-handed<br /> | bowling = Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]]<br /> | role = Bowling [[all-rounder]]<br /> | family = [[Peter Willey]] (father)<br /> | international = true<br /> | internationalspan = 2015–2023<br /> | odidebutdate = 8 May<br /> | odidebutyear = 2015<br /> | odidebutagainst = Ireland<br /> | odicap = 240<br /> | lastodidate = 11 November <br /> | lastodiyear = 2023<br /> | lastodiagainst = Pakistan <br /> | odishirt = 15<br /> <br /> | T20Idebutdate = 23 June<br /> | T20Idebutyear = 2015<br /> | T20Idebutagainst = New Zealand<br /> | T20Icap = 72<br /> | lastT20Iagainst = Australia<br /> | lastT20Idate = 14 October<br /> | lastT20Iyear = 2022<br /> | T20Ishirt = 15<br /> <br /> | club1 = [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]]<br /> | year1 = 2009–2015<br /> | club2 = [[Perth Scorchers]]<br /> | year2 = {{nowrap|2015/16–2018/19}}<br /> | club3 = [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]]<br /> | year3 = 2016–2022<br /> | club4 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]<br /> | year4 = 2018<br /> | club5 = [[Northern Superchargers]]<br /> | year5 = 2021–2022<br /> | club6 = [[Multan Sultans]]<br /> | year6 = 2024-2025<br /> | club7 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]<br /> | year7 = 2022–2023<br /> | club8 = [[Durban's Super Giants]]<br /> | year8 = 2022–2023<br /> | club9 = [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]]<br /> | year9 = 2023–present<br /> | club10 = [[Welsh Fire]]<br /> | year10 = 2023–2024<br /> | club12 = [[Sydney Thunder]]<br /> | year12 = 2025/26–<br /> | columns = 4<br /> | column1 = [[One Day International|ODI]]<br /> | matches1 = 73<br /> | runs1 = 663<br /> | bat avg1 = 24.55<br /> | 100s/50s1 = 0/2<br /> | top score1 = 51<br /> | deliveries1 = 3,230<br /> | wickets1 = 100<br /> | bowl avg1 = 29.75<br /> | fivefor1 = 1<br /> | tenfor1 = 0<br /> | best bowling1 = 5/30<br /> | catches/stumpings1 = 27/–<br /> | column2 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]<br /> | matches2 = 43<br /> | runs2 = 226<br /> | bat avg2 = 15.06<br /> | 100s/50s2 = 0/0<br /> | top score2 = 33[[Not out|*]]<br /> | deliveries2 = 865<br /> | wickets2 = 51<br /> | bowl avg2 = 23.13<br /> | fivefor2 = 0<br /> | tenfor2 = 0<br /> | best bowling2 = 4/7<br /> | catches/stumpings2 = 17/–<br /> | column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]<br /> | matches3 = 77<br /> | runs3 = 2,515<br /> | bat avg3 = 27.33<br /> | 100s/50s3 = 2/14<br /> | top score3 = 104[[not out|*]]<br /> | deliveries3 = 10,745<br /> | wickets3 = 198<br /> | bowl avg3 = 29.77<br /> | fivefor3 = 6<br /> | tenfor3 = 1<br /> | best bowling3 = 5/29<br /> | catches/stumpings3 = 18/–<br /> | column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]<br /> | matches4 = 156<br /> | runs4 = 2,145<br /> | bat avg4 = 25.53<br /> | 100s/50s4 = 3/7<br /> | top score4 = 167<br /> | deliveries4 = 6,021<br /> | wickets4 = 188<br /> | bowl avg4 = 29.87<br /> | fivefor4 = 2<br /> | tenfor4 = 0<br /> | best bowling4 = 5/30<br /> | catches/stumpings4 = 53/–<br /> | date = 12 November 2023 <br /> | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/308251.html ESPNcricinfo<br /> | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Cricket]]}}<br /> {{MedalCountry |{{ENG}} }}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[ICC Men's T20 World Cup]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Winner|[[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022 Australia]]|}}<br /> {{Medal|RU|[[2016 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2016 India]]|}}<br /> |club11=[[Trent Rockets]]|year11=2025}}<br /> '''David Jonathan Willey''' (born 28 February 1990) is an English former international [[cricketer]]. He is a left-handed [[batsman]] and [[Bowler (cricket)|bowler]]. He is the son of former [[England cricket|England]] cricketer and international [[Umpire (cricket)|umpire]] [[Peter Willey]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/308251.html|title=David Willey|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Willey was a member of the England team that won the [[2022 T20 World Cup]]. On 1 November 2023, he announced his retirement from international cricket, following the [[2023 Cricket World Cup]].<br /> <br /> Willey married singer-songwriter [[Carolynne Willey]] in November 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hellomagazine.com/brides/2016110634464/david-willey-weds-singer-carolynne-good-in-stunning-ceremony/|title=England cricketer David Willey weds singer Carolynne Good in stunning ceremony |date=8 November 2016|work=[[Hello Magazine]]|access-date=April 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=David Willey &amp; Carolynne Willey on the Truth Behind Their Health, Family and Cricket | website=[[YouTube]] | date=9 August 2024 | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BceAOSgipsg }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Domestic career==<br /> <br /> ===Northamptonshire===<br /> Willey started his career playing for his home county [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]] in the [[County Championship]] division two. Having come through the ranks at Northampton playing for O.N's and Northants Academy, he got his chance in the 2009 season aged 19 after a good pre-season. His first game came against [[Leicestershire County Cricket Club|Leicestershire]], the first game of the season against one of his father's old clubs. He scored 60 on debut after a good partnership with [[Andrew Hall]],&lt;ref&gt;Austin Peters [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/counties/5160456/Andrew-Hall-and-David-Willey-rescue-Northamptonshire-after-sticky-start.html Hall and Willey rescue Northants] ''The Telegraph.'' 2009-04-15. Retrieved 2010-01-14.&lt;/ref&gt; but did not continue this in the televised game against [[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex]] in his first [[list A cricket|one day game]] getting out for a [[Duck (cricket)|duck]] with a poor shot. His first wicket came in his second [[first-class cricket|first-class]] against [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]] when he had [[Phil Edwards (cricketer)|Phil Edwards]] out [[Leg before wicket|LBW]]. On 8 May he was rewarded with a two-year professional contract after impressing during the start of the season.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/counties/northamptonshire/8040609.stm Willey nets contract] ''BBC Sport.'' 2009-05-08. Retrieved 2010-01-14.&lt;/ref&gt; It was in the [[Twenty20]] that he excelled in, but this time with his [[Bowling (cricket)|bowling]] taking 3/9 in his first spell against [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]] and finished the [[2009 Twenty20 Cup|2009 competition]] with an average of 11.30. He appeared alongside Northants teammate Jack Brooks on Cricket AM feature, Brain vs Brawn, in 2010.<br /> <br /> In 2013, Willey helped Northamptonshire to a 102-run victory in a rain-shortened Friends Life Twenty20 Final against Surrey where he made 60 with the bat, then had figures of 4/9, including a match-ending hat-trick to clean up the tail.<br /> <br /> ===Yorkshire===<br /> On 19 August 2015, it was announced that Willey would be joining Yorkshire on a three-year contract at the start of the 2016 season.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/33980954|title=BBC Sport – David Willey: Yorkshire sign all-rounder from Northants|work=BBC Sport|date=19 August 2015 |access-date=10 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; He made his Yorkshire debut against [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]] at Trent Bridge on 1 May 2016.<br /> <br /> ===Northamptonshire===<br /> In 2023 Willey returned to Northamptonshire after signing a four-year contract.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-06-15 |title=David Willey: Northants re-sign England all-rounder from Yorkshire on four-year deal |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/61812829 |access-date=2025-09-11 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was appointed captain for the [[T20 Blast]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=David Willey named as Northamptonshire T20 captain on return to club |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/t20-blast-david-willey-named-as-northamptonshire-t20-captain-on-return-to-club-1374760 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716052242/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/t20-blast-david-willey-named-as-northamptonshire-t20-captain-on-return-to-club-1374760 |archive-date=16 July 2025 |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Big Bash League===<br /> Willey was signed by Perth Scorchers for the 2015–16 BBL season. After a successful first season, he was retained for the 2016–17 season. In the first match against the [[Adelaide Strikers]], he performed well with the ball, taking 2 wickets, however, he scored only 2 runs off five balls with the bat. In the Scorchers' second match against the [[Sydney Sixers]], he scored one run and didn't take a wicket, in a heavy defeat. In the third match against the [[Melbourne Renegades]] he bowled well, taking two wickets with the ball before Ashton Agar scored a six to win in the final over. He was again retained by the Scorchers for the 2017–18 season, as the only overseas player for the franchise.<br /> <br /> In January 2026, mid-way through the 2025/26 BBL season, Willey was signed for the first time in 8 years in the BBL, to the [[Sydney Thunder]], only one day before the Thunder's next match.<br /> <br /> === The Hundred ===<br /> Willey was signed by [[Northern Superchargers]] for the [[2021 season of The Hundred|inaugural edition]] of [[The Hundred (cricket)|The Hundred]] tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Hundred 2021 - full squad lists|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/54646061|access-date=2022-01-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Hundred team guide: Northern Superchargers - all you need to know|url=https://www.skysports.com/the-hundred/news/36888/12359322/the-hundred-team-guide-northern-superchargers-all-you-need-to-know|access-date=2022-01-13|website=Sky Sports|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was the team's captain for the first edition of the tournament as planned captain [[Faf du Plessis]] was ruled out. When du Plessis returned in 2022, Willey was replaced by him as captain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mens-hundred-2022-team-by-team-previews-southern-brave-birmingham-phoenix-the-teams-to-catch-1327284|title=Hundred team-by-team previews: Southern Brave, Birmingham Phoenix the teams to catch|work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2023 he joined [[Welsh Fire]] where he spent two seasons before moving to become captain of [[Trent Rockets]] for 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=David Willey and Ash Gardner named Trent Rockets captains for 2025 |url=http://www.ecb.co.uk/news/4305715 |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=www.ecb.co.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-07-08 |title=Trent Rockets: Hundred side name David Willey and Ash Gardner as captains |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/ckg5ljx8vd7o |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Indian Premier League===<br /> [[Chennai Super Kings]] signed Willey for the [[2018 IPL]] season to replace [[Kedar Jadhav]], who was injured during the first match of the tournament, and he was also sought as a replacement for the injured New Zealand spinner, [[Mitchell Santner]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1142848.html?object=308251|title=Willey IPL bound as Super Kings come calling|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the time of his late IPL call, David Willey was playing county cricket matches for Yorkshire before agreeing to play for CSK.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/15808/11324516/david-willey-agrees-to-join-indian-premier-league-team-chennai-super-kings|title=David Willey agrees to join Indian Premier League team Chennai Super Kings|work=Sky Sports|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also became the 12th English player to be called up to play at the 2018 IPL season.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/101532/david-willey-confirmed-to-join-csk-as-replacement-player-ipl-2018-yorkshire-cricket-club-kedar-jadhav|title=David Willey confirmed to join CSK as replacement player|work=Cricbuzz|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the 2018 IPL edition, he was also one of three England cricketers to have received the late IPL call-ups along with [[Liam Plunkett]] (for DD) and [[Alex Hales]] (for SRH).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/apr/09/david-willey-ipl-yorkshire-late-signing|title=David Willey's late IPL departure delivers another blow to Yorkshire|last=Martin|first=Ali|date=2018-04-09|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=27 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Chennai Super Kings]] retained David Willey for the 2019 IPL season. He was released by the Chennai Super Kings ahead of the [[List of 2020 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2020 IPL auction]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28087425/where-do-eight-franchises-stand-2020-auction |title=Where do the eight franchises stand before the 2020 auction? |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; In February 2022, he was bought by the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] in the [[List of 2022 Indian Premier League personnel changes|auction]] for the [[2022 Indian Premier League]] tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-auction-the-list-of-sold-and-unsold-players-1300689 |title=IPL 2022 auction: The list of sold and unsold players |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==International career==<br /> [[File:England vs. New Zealand 2015 (56).jpg|thumb|right|Willey playing for England in 2015]]<br /> <br /> ===2015 Ireland===<br /> Willey was selected in the [[English U-19 cricket team|England U19 cricket squad]] for the Tests against [[Bangladesh U-19 cricket team|Bangladesh]]. Although he did not play in the first Test, he scored 65 in the first innings of the second Test.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/shared/fds/hi/statistics/cricket/scorecards/2009/7/15728/html/scorecard.stm England U19 V Bangladesh U19 Scorecard] ''BBC Sport.'' 2007-07-12. Retrieved 2010-01-14.&lt;/ref&gt; He made his [[One Day International]] debut for England [[English cricket team in Ireland in 2015|against Ireland]] on 8 May 2015 and took his first wicket in a rain-affected match.&lt;ref name=&quot;ODI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/760889.html |title=England tour of Ireland, Only ODI: Ireland v England at Dublin, May 8, 2015 |access-date=8 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2015 New Zealand, Australia and Pakistan===<br /> Willey was also called up to the England ODI team on 14 June 2015 against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] and played in the third match of the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/cricket/32779729|title=England v NZ: 3rd ODI as it happened|work=BBC Sport |access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He took a wicket with his 2nd ball and finished with figures of 3–69.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11407/report/743947/england-vs-new-zealand-3rd-odi|title=3rd ODI, New Zealand tour of England at Southampton, Jun 14 2015 - Match report|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the fourth match of the series he took figures of 2–89 as England went on to win the game comfortably.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11407/scorecard/743949/england-vs-new-zealand-4th-odi-new-zealand-tour-of-england-2015|title=4th ODI (D/N), New Zealand tour of England at Nottingham, Jun 17 2015 - Match summary|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He took 2–50 in the final game of the series as England won the series 3–2.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11407/scorecard/743951/england-vs-new-zealand-5th-odi-new-zealand-tour-of-england-2015|title=5th ODI, New Zealand tour of England at Chester-le-Street, Jun 20 2015 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Willey made his [[Twenty20 International]] debut in the same series on 23 June 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=New Zealand tour of England, Only T20I: England v New Zealand at Manchester, Jun 23, 2015. Partner of Carolynne Poole |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/743953.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media |date=23 June 2015 |access-date=23 June 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He took figures of 3–22 and scored six runs to help England win the match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/live-cricket-scorecard/13750/eng-vs-nz-only-t20i-new-zealand-tour-of-england-2015|title=England vs New Zealand, Only T20I - Live Cricket Score, Commentary|publisher=CricBuzz|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Willey played in the only T20 against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]], which England won by five runs, taking figures of 2–32.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11371/scorecard/743975/england-vs-australia-only-t20i-australia-tour-of-england-and-ireland-2015|title=Only T20I, Australia tour of England and Ireland at Cardiff, Aug 31 2015 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He played in the final two ODIs against Australia, taking figures of 3–51 in the fourth ODI as England won by 3 wickets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11371/scorecard/743983/england-vs-australia-4th-odi-australia-tour-of-england-and-ireland-2015|title=4th ODI, Australia tour of England and Ireland at Leeds, Sep 11 2015 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the final ODI, Willey was out for a duck but took 1–13 as England lost the match and the series 3–2.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11371/scorecard/743985/england-vs-australia-5th-odi-australia-tour-of-england-and-ireland-2015|title=5th ODI, Australia tour of England and Ireland at Manchester, Sep 13 2015 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Willey kept his place in the side against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] for the ODI series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://yorkshireccc.com/news/view/4170/england-selectors-name-their-test-odi-and-t20-squads-for-pakistan|title=ENGLAND SELECTORS NAME THEIR TEST, ODI AND T20 SQUADS FOR PAKISTAN|publisher=Yorkshire County Cricket Club|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He didn't take a wicket in the first game, but returned with figures of 3–25 in the second match to help England win by 95 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11286/scorecard/902641/england-vs-pakistan-1st-odi-england-tour-of-united-arab-emirates-2015-16|title=1st ODI (D/N), England tour of United Arab Emirates at Abu Dhabi, Nov 11 2015 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11286/scorecard/902643/england-vs-pakistan-2nd-odi-england-tour-of-united-arab-emirates-2015-16|title=2nd ODI (D/N), England tour of United Arab Emirates at Abu Dhabi, Nov 13 2015 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the third game he took 1–45, before taking 2–34 in the final game of the series to help restrict Pakistan to 271 as England won by 84 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11286/scorecard/902645/england-vs-pakistan-3rd-odi-england-tour-of-united-arab-emirates-2015-16|title=3rd ODI (D/N), England tour of United Arab Emirates at Sharjah, Nov 17 2015 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11286/scorecard/902647/england-vs-pakistan-4th-odi-england-tour-of-united-arab-emirates-2015-16|title=4th ODI (D/N), England tour of United Arab Emirates at Dubai, Nov 20 2015 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2015–16 South Africa===<br /> Willey played in the first three matches against [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] and took 1–30 in the first match, as England won by 39 runs on the DL Method.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8397/scorecard/800469/south-africa-vs-england-1st-odi-england-tour-of-south-africa-2015-16|title=1st ODI (D/N), England tour of South Africa at Bloemfontein, Feb 3 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the second and third match he failed to take a wicket, and did not play in the final two games.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8397/scorecard/800471/south-africa-vs-england-2nd-odi-england-tour-of-south-africa-2015-16|title=2nd ODI, England tour of South Africa at Port Elizabeth, Feb 6 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8397/scorecard/800473/south-africa-vs-england-3rd-odi-england-tour-of-south-africa-2015-16|title=3rd ODI (D/N), England tour of South Africa at Centurion, Feb 9 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-match-facts/14794/rsa-vs-eng-4th-odi-england-tour-of-south-africa-2015-16|title=Cricket match facts - South Africa vs England, 4th ODI, England tour of South Africa, 2015-16|publisher=CricBuzz|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-match-facts/14795/rsa-vs-eng-5th-odi-england-tour-of-south-africa-2015-16|title=Cricket match facts - South Africa vs England, 5th ODI, England tour of South Africa, 2015-16|publisher=CricBuzz|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; England eventually lost the series 3–2.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8397/scorecard/800477/south-africa-vs-england-5th-odi-england-tour-of-south-africa-2015-16|title=5th ODI, England tour of South Africa at Cape Town, Feb 14 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Willey played in the first T20I against South Africa, taking figures of 0–15 and scoring an unbeaten seven with the bat, although England lost the game by 3 wickets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8397/scorecard/800479/south-africa-vs-england-1st-t20i-england-tour-of-south-africa-2015-16|title=1st T20I (N), England tour of South Africa at Cape Town, Feb 19 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2016 T20 World Cup===<br /> Willey played every game in England's 2016 World T20 campaign. He took 1–33 against the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] and 1–40 against South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8604/scorecard/951331/england-vs-west-indies-15th-match,-super-10-group-1-world-t20-2015-16|title=15th Match, Super 10 Group 1 (N), World T20 at Mumbai, Mar 16 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8604/scorecard/951339/england-vs-south-africa-18th-match,-super-10-group-1-world-t20-2015-16|title=18th Match, Super 10 Group 1 (N), World T20 at Mumbai, Mar 18 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He played a crucial role in the win over Afghanistan, making an unbeaten 20 to guide England to 141, before taking 2–23 with the ball.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8604/scorecard/951351/afghanistan-vs-england-24th-match,-super-10-group-1-world-t20-2015-16|title=24th Match, Super 10 Group 1 (D/N), World T20 at Delhi, Mar 23 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In that same match, partnered with [[Moeen Ali]], he set the record for the highest partnership for the 8th wicket in [[Men's T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup]] history, 57 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_by_wicket.html?id=89;type=trophy |title=Highest partnership for each wicket in T20 World Cup history |access-date=7 March 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411221922/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_by_wicket.html?id=89%3Btype%3Dtrophy |archive-date=11 April 2017 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; Willey continued to impress against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]], taking figures of 2–26.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8604/scorecard/951361/england-vs-sri-lanka-29th-match,-super-10-group-1-world-t20-2015-16|title=29th Match, Super 10 Group 1 (N), World T20 at Delhi, Mar 26 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; After the match, Willey was found guilty and was fined 15% of his match fee for using obscene language and for giving Sri Lankan batsman [[Milinda Siriwardana]] a send-off by pointing towards the pavilion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/england-vs-sri-lanka-englands-jason-roy-david-willey-fined-for-misconduct|title=England vs Sri Lanka: Jason Roy, David Willey fined for misconduct|date=27 March 2016|publisher=The Indian Express|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the semi-final against New Zealand, he took figures of 1–17 as England progressed to the [[2016 ICC World Twenty20 Final|final]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8604/scorecard/951369/england-vs-new-zealand-1st-semi-final-world-t20-2015-16|title=1st Semi-Final (N), World T20 at Delhi, Mar 30 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; While Willey bowled well, taking figures of 3–20, England fell just short and lost the game to finish as runners-up.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8604/scorecard/951373/england-vs-west-indies-final-world-t20-2015-16|title=Final (N), World T20 at Kolkata, Apr 3 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was named in the 'Team of the Tournament' for the 2016 T20 World Cup by the ICC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/icc-world-t20-team-of-the-tournament-india-roy-de-kock-kohli-root-buttler-watson-russell/2016-04-04|title = ICC names WT20 Teams of the Tournament}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2016 Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh===<br /> Willey took 2–56 in the first ODI against Sri Lanka which ended in a tie.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8484/scorecard/913623/england-vs-sri-lanka-1st-odi-sri-lanka-tour-of-england-and-ireland-2016|title=1st ODI (D/N), Sri Lanka tour of England and Ireland at Nottingham, Jun 21 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He took 1–65 in the second match as England won by 10 wickets and took a further wicket in the third ODI, which was abandoned due to rain.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8484/scorecard/913625/england-vs-sri-lanka-2nd-odi-sri-lanka-tour-of-england-and-ireland-2016|title=2nd ODI (D/N), Sri Lanka tour of England and Ireland at Birmingham, Jun 24 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8484/scorecard/913627/england-vs-sri-lanka-3rd-odi-sri-lanka-tour-of-england-and-ireland-2016|title=3rd ODI, Sri Lanka tour of England and Ireland at Bristol, Jun 26 2016 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8484/report/913627/england-vs-sri-lanka-3rd-odi-sri-lanka-tour-of-england-and-ireland-2016|title=England restrict subdued SL before washout|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the fourth match of the series, he took figures of 2–58 to help restrict Sri Lanka to 305 and England went on to secure a six-wicket victory.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8484/scorecard/913629/england-vs-sri-lanka-4th-odi-sri-lanka-tour-of-england-and-ireland-2016|title=4th ODI (D/N), Sri Lanka tour of England and Ireland at London, Jun 29 2016|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the final match of the series, he took 4–34 to help England win the match by 122 runs and the series 3–0.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8484/report/913631/england-vs-sri-lanka-5th-odi-sri-lanka-tour-of-england-and-ireland-2016|title=Root and Buttler lay groundwork for 3-0 series win|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Willey played in the fourth ODI against Pakistan, although he didn't pick up a wicket and finished with figures of 0–40, although England won the match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8499/scorecard/913659/england-vs-pakistan-4th-odi-pak-tour-of-eng-2016|title=4th ODI (D/N), Pakistan tour of England and Ireland at Leeds, Sep 1 2016 - Match Summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; England lost the final match of the series, with Willey failing to pick up a wicket. England won the series 4–1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8499/scorecard/913661/england-vs-pakistan-5th-odi-pak-tour-of-eng-2016|title=5th ODI (D/N), Pakistan tour of England and Ireland at Cardiff, Sep 4 2016 - Match Summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Willey played in the only T20 between the two sides, making 12 with the bat and taking figures of 0–16 as England lost by nine wickets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8499/scorecard/913663/england-vs-pakistan-only-t20i-pak-tour-of-eng-2016|title=Only T20I (N), Pakistan tour of England and Ireland at Manchester, Sep 7 2016 - Match Summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Willey did not take a wicket in the first ODI against Bangladesh, which England won by 21 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10713/scorecard/1029819/bangladesh-vs-england-1st-odi-england-tour-of-bdesh-2016-17|title=1st ODI (D/N), England tour of Bangladesh at Dhaka, Oct 7, 2016 - Match Summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the second match he finished with figures of 0–36 as England lost by 34 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10713/scorecard/1029821/bangladesh-vs-england-2nd-odi-england-tour-of-bdesh-2016-17|title=2nd ODI (D/N), England tour of Bangladesh at Dhaka, Oct 9, 2016 - Match Summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He did not play in the final match of the series, which England won.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10713/scorecard/1029823/bangladesh-vs-england-3rd-odi-england-tour-of-bdesh-2016-17|title=3rd ODI (D/N), England tour of Bangladesh at Chittagong, Oct 12, 2016 - Match Summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2017 India, West Indies===<br /> In the first ODI, Willey made an unbeaten ten runs before taking figures of 2–47 as England lost by three wickets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10732/scorecard/1034819/India-vs-England-1st-ODI-england-in-india-odi-series|title=1st ODI (D/N), England tour of India at Pune, Jan 15, 2017 - Match Summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He took 0–32 in the second ODI as India won by 15 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10732/scorecard/1034821/india-vs-england-2nd-odi-england-tour-of-india-2016-17|title=2nd ODI (D/N), England tour of India at Cuttack, Jan 19, 2017 - Match Summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the final ODI he took figures of 1–8 but was injured, although England won by five runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10732/scorecard/1034823/india-vs-england-3rd-odi-england-tour-of-india-2016-17|title=3rd ODI (D/N), England tour of India at Kolkata, Jan 22, 2017 - Match Summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10732/report/1034823|title=Ben Stokes, Chris Woakes help England defend 321|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In September, Willey started the first match of the ODI series against West Indies by taking a figure of 1–39 as England won the match by seven wickets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10719/scorecard/1031667/england-vs-west-indies-1st-odi-wi-tour-of-england-2017|title=1st ODI (D/N), West Indies tour of England at Manchester, Sep 19 2017 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was selected for the next match but he could not play as the match was abandoned due to rain after only two balls were played&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10719/commentary/1031669/england-vs-west-indies-2nd-odi-wi-tour-of-england-2017|title=2nd ODI (D/N), West Indies tour of England at Nottingham, Sep 21 2017 - Match commentary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Willey took a figure of 1–34 as England defeated West Indies again in the third match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10719/scorecard/1031671/england-vs-west-indies-3rd-odi-wi-tour-of-england-2017|title=3rd ODI, West Indies tour of England at Bristol, Sep 24 2017 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=28 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He did not play the last two matches of the series but England managed to win those matches and the series 4–0.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10719/scorecard/1031673/england-vs-west-indies-4th-odi-wi-tour-of-england-2017|title=4th ODI (D/N), West Indies tour of England at London, Sep 27 2017 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=28 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10719/scorecard/1031675/england-vs-west-indies-5th-odi-wi-tour-of-england-2017|title=5th ODI (D/N), West Indies tour of England at Southampton, Sep 29 2017 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=28 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2018 Tri-Series, Australia===<br /> In the second T20 match of the [[2017–18 Trans-Tasman Tri-Series|tri-series]], Willey scored only three runs but then he took a figure of 3–28 which was not enough for England as they lost against Australia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10886/scorecard/1072317/australia-vs-england-2nd-match-trans-tasman-t20-trophy-2017-18|title=2nd Match (N), Trans-Tasman Twenty20 Tri-Series at Hobart, Feb 7 2018 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Willey scored ten runs and took a figure of 1–30 as England were defeated again by Australia in the third match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10886/scorecard/1072318/australia-vs-england-3rd-match-trans-tasman-t20-trophy-2017-18|title=3rd Match (N), Trans-Tasman Twenty20 Tri-Series at Melbourne, Feb 10 2018 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored twenty-one runs and didn't take any wicket in the next match as England suffered their third defeat of the series against New Zealand.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10886/scorecard/1072319/new-zealand-vs-england-4th-match-trans-tasman-t20-trophy-2017-18|title=4th Match (N), Trans-Tasman Twenty20 Tri-Series at Wellington, Feb 13 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored ten runs and failed to take any wicket but England managed to defeat New Zealand this time in their final match of the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10886/scorecard/1072321/new-zealand-vs-england-6th-match-trans-tasman-t20-trophy-2017-18|title=6th Match (N), Trans-Tasman Twenty20 Tri-Series at Hamilton, Feb 18 2018 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Willey took a figure of 1–41 and scored an unbeaten thirty-five runs as England defeated Australia in the first match of the ODI series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18021/scorecard/1119537/england-vs-australia-1st-odi-australia-tour-of-england-2018|title=1st ODI (D/N), Australia tour of England at London, Jun 13 2018 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the next match, he scored eleven runs and took no wicket as England managed to defeat Australia again.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18021/scorecard/1119538/england-vs-australia-2nd-odi-australia-tour-of-england-2018|title=2nd ODI, Australia tour of England at Cardiff, Jun 16 2018 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Willey took a figure of 2–56 as England won the third match with a record-smashing 481 for 6 against Australia which is also the highest score in the history of ODI cricket and also the most crushing defeat in terms of runs ever inflicted upon Australia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18021/scorecard/1119539/england-vs-australia-3rd-odi-aus-in-eng-2018|title=3rd ODI (D/N), Australia tour of England at Nottingham, Jun 19 2018 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18021/report/1119539/england-vs-australia-3rd-odi-aus-in-eng-2018|title=Jonny Bairstow and Alex Hales condemn Australia to heaviest defeat after record-smashing 481 for 6|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Willey took four wickets and conceded forty-three runs as his side won again against Australia in the fourth match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18021/scorecard/1119540/england-vs-australia-4th-odi-australia-tour-of-england-2018|title=4th ODI (D/N), Australia tour of England at Chester-le-Street, Jun 21 2018 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He didn't play the last match of the series though England won the match and the series 5–0.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-match-facts/18875/eng-vs-aus-5th-odi-australia-tour-of-england-2018|title=Cricket match facts - England vs Australia, 5th ODI, Australia tour of England, 2018|publisher=CricBuzz|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Willey took a figure of 1–31 as England won the only T20 against Australia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18021/scorecard/1119542/england-vs-australia-only-t20i-aus-eng-2018|title=Only T20I (D/N), Australia tour of England at Birmingham, Jun 27 2018 - Match summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=28 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2019 Cricket World Cup and beyond===<br /> In April 2019, Willey was named in [[2019 Cricket World Cup squads#England|England's provisional squad]] for the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1181187.html |title=Jofra Archer misses World Cup cut but included to play Ireland, Pakistan |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1183273 |title=England leave out Jofra Archer from World Cup squad |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=17 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 21 May 2019, England finalised their squad for the World Cup, with Willey not named in the final fifteen-man team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/48347499 |title=World Cup: England name Jofra Archer, Tom Curran &amp; Liam Dawson in squad |work=BBC Sport |access-date=21 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 29 May 2020, Willey was named in a 55-man group of players to begin training ahead of international fixtures starting in England following the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/england/men/news/1674230/england-men-confirm-back-to-training-group |title=England Men confirm back-to-training group |work=England and Wales Cricket Board |access-date=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29239315/alex-hales,-liam-plunkett-left-england-name-55-man-training-group |title=Alex Hales, Liam Plunkett left out as England name 55-man training group |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 9 July 2020, Willey was included in England's 24-man squad to start training [[Behind closed doors (sport)|behind closed doors]] for the ODI series [[Irish cricket team in England in 2020|against Ireland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29433420/injured-chris-jordan-misses-england-odi-squad-face-ireland |title=Injured Chris Jordan misses England's ODI squad to face Ireland |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/england/men/news/1717212/england-men-name-behind-closed-doors-odi-training-group |title=England men name behind-closed-doors ODI training group |work=England and Wales Cricket Board |access-date=9 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 27 July 2020, Willey was named in England's squad for the ODI series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/england/men/news/1743928/england-men-name-14-strong-squad-for-royal-london-series |title=England Men name 14-strong squad for Royal London Series |work=England and Wales Cricket Board |access-date=27 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/53553282 |title=England v Ireland: David Willey &amp; Reece Topley recalled for ODI series |work=BBC Sport |access-date=27 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 July 2020, in the opening match against Ireland, Willey took his first [[five-wicket haul]] in an ODI match, with figures of 5/30 from 8.4 overs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/12039272/ireland-skittled-for-172-in-first-odi-as-england-seamer-david-willey-takes-five-wickets|title=Ireland skittled for 172 in first ODI as England seamer David Willey takes five wickets|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]|access-date=30 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 29 June 2021, in the opening fixture [[Sri Lankan cricket team in England in 2021|against Sri Lanka]], Willey played in his 50th ODI match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketer.com/Topics/international/david_willey_return_tom_curran_how_competitive_sri_lanka_be_odi_things_to_watch.html |title=David Willey's return, what next for Tom Curran, and how competitive can Sri Lanka be? ODI Things to Watch |work=The Cricketer |access-date=29 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2021, Willey was named in England's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/t20-world-cup-2021-tymal-mills-makes-englands-t20-world-cup-squad-no-return-for-ben-stokes-1276997 |title=Tymal Mills makes England's T20 World Cup squad, no return for Ben Stokes |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2023 World Cup===<br /> With defending champions [[England Cricket Team|England]] finishing in the seventh place in [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023 World Cup]], David Willey announced his retirement following the World Cup. He took 3 for 56 from his 10 overs on a winning cause in his last match against [[Pakistan Cricket Team|Pakistan]], which was played on 11 November 2023 at [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]].<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|David Willey (cricketer)}}[https://www.hdsportshub.com/royal-challengers-bangalore/ Royal Challengers Bangalore Team and Player list 2022]{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}<br /> *{{cricinfo|id=308251}}<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110714200659/http://www.northantscricket.com/index.php?mod=player&amp;id=32 Northants Cricket page]<br /> <br /> {{Navboxes<br /> |title= England squads<br /> |bg= #012169<br /> |fg= white<br /> |bordercolor=#CE1124<br /> |list1=<br /> {{England Squad 2016 World Twenty20}}<br /> {{England Squad 2021 Men's T20 World Cup}}<br /> {{England Squad 2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup}}<br /> {{England 2023 Cricket World Cup squad}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Northamptonshire County Cricket Club squad}}<br /> {{London Spirit squad}}<br /> {{Sydney Thunder current squad}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Willey, David}}<br /> [[Category:1990 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:English cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:England One Day International cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:England Twenty20 International cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Cricketers from Northampton]]<br /> [[Category:People educated at Northampton School for Boys]]<br /> [[Category:Northamptonshire cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Bedfordshire cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Perth Scorchers cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Rangpur Riders cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Yorkshire cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Islamabad United cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Multan Sultans cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Chennai Super Kings cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Royal Challengers Bengaluru cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Sunrisers Leeds cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Durban's Super Giants cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Welsh Fire cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Trent Rockets cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Sydney Thunder cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Cricketers at the 2019 Cricket World Cup]]<br /> [[Category:Cricketers at the 2023 Cricket World Cup]]<br /> [[Category:English expatriate cricketers in Bangladesh]]<br /> [[Category:English expatriate cricketers in India]]<br /> [[Category:English expatriate cricketers in Pakistan]]<br /> [[Category:English expatriate cricketers in Australia]]<br /> [[Category:English expatriate cricketers in South Africa]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Civil_Code&diff=470972 2026-03-07T02:16:30Z

<p>JulianaThurston: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Proposition for uniform codified personal law in India that is not respect to religion}}<br /> {{About|proposed Indian civil law|other countries|List of national legal systems#Civil law}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br /> <br /> {{Constitution of India}}<br /> {{Family law|all}}<br /> <br /> The '''Uniform Civil Code''' is a proposal in India to formulate and implement [[personal law]]s of citizens which apply equally to all citizens, regardless of their religion. Currently, personal laws of different religious communities are governed by their religious scriptures.&lt;ref name=&quot;HTMAR21&quot;/&gt; Personal laws cover marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption and [[alimony|maintenance]]. While articles 25-28 of the [[Constitution of India|Indian Constitution]] guarantee [[Freedom of religion in India|religious freedom]] to Indian citizens and allow religious groups to maintain their own affairs, article 44 expects the Indian state to apply [[Directive Principles|directive principles]] and common law uniformly to all Indian citizens when formulating national policies.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blueprint for scholarly discourse&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author1=Shimon Shetreet|author2=Hiram E. Chodosh|title=Uniform Civil Code for India: Proposed Blueprint for Scholarly Discourse|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y-pIDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT4|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-807712-1|date=December 2014|access-date=2020-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2025}}<br /> <br /> Personal laws were first framed during the [[British Raj]], mainly for Hindu and Muslim subjects. The British feared opposition from community leaders and refrained from further interfering within this [[Separate spheres|domestic sphere]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uniform civilcode: A practical panorama or illusion of law makers {{!}} Legal Service India - Law Articles - Legal Resources |url=http://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-1234-uniform-civilcode-a-practical-panorama-or-illusion-of-law-makers.html |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=www.legalserviceindia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Indian state of [[Goa]] was separated from [[British Raj|British India]] during the colonial rule in the erstwhile [[Portuguese Goa and Damaon|Portuguese Goa and Daman]], retained a common family law known as the [[Goa civil code]] and thus was the only state in India with a uniform civil code prior to 2024. Following India's independence, [[Hindu code bills]] were introduced which largely codified and reformed personal laws in various sects among [[Indian religions]] like [[Buddhism|Buddhists]], [[Hindus]], [[Jains]] and [[Sikhs]] but they exempted [[Christians]], [[Jews]], [[Muslims]] and [[Parsis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Rina Wiiliams&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rina Verma Williams|title=Postcolonial Politics and Personal Laws|pages=18, 28, 106, 107, 119|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0-19-568014-6|date=2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Wire UCC gender justice&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Sravasti |title=BJP Equates UCC With Gender Justice. But Can It End Discrimination In-Built in Personal Laws? |url=https://thewire.in/women/bjp-ucc-with-gender-justice-discrimination-personal-laws |access-date=6 July 2023 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |date=6 July 2023 |location=New Delhi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> UCC emerged as a crucial topic of interest in Indian politics following the [[Shah Bano case]] in 1985. The debate arose on the question of making certain laws applicable to all citizens without abridging the fundamental right to practice religious functions. The debate then focused on the [[Muslim personal law]], which is partially based on [[Sharia|Sharia law]], permitting [[Divorce in Islam|unilateral divorce]], [[polygamy]] and putting it among the [[Muslim personal law in India|legally applying the Sharia law]]. A UCC bill was proposed twice, in November 2019 and March 2020 but was withdrawn both the times without introduction in the parliament. The bill is reported to be under discussion between the [[BJP]] and the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramchandran&quot;/&gt; Many opposition parties and BJP's allies from the [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) have opposed the Uniform Civil Code, especially from [[Northeast India]], claiming that it will go against the &quot;idea of India&quot; and will end special privileges of tribal communities after renewed calls by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] in June 2023 about implementing a UCC.&lt;ref name=&quot;scroll.in NDA partners oppose UCC&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Sravasti |title=NDA Partners from Northeast Oppose BJP's Push for Uniform Civil Code |url=https://thewire.in/politics/nda-partners-in-northeast-oppose-bjps-push-for-uniform-civil-code |access-date=6 July 2023 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |date=3 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Staff |first1=The Wire |title=In Poll Bound Madhya Pradesh, PM Modi Rakes up Triple Talaq, UCC and 'Appeasement' |url=https://thewire.in/politics/in-poll-bound-madhya-pradesh-pm-modi-rakes-up-triple-talaq-ucc-and-appeasement |access-date=16 July 2023 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |date=27 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715222251/https://thewire.in/politics/in-poll-bound-madhya-pradesh-pm-modi-rakes-up-triple-talaq-ucc-and-appeasement |archive-date=15 July 2023 |location=New Delhi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Staff |first1=The Wire |title=In Poll Bound Madhya Pradesh, PM Modi Rakes up Triple Talaq, UCC and 'Appeasement' |url=https://thewire.in/politics/in-poll-bound-madhya-pradesh-pm-modi-rakes-up-triple-talaq-ucc-and-appeasement |access-date=16 July 2023 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |date=27 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> === British India (1858–1947) ===<br /> {{See also|Hindu personal law|Muslim personal law|Christian personal law}}<br /> The Lex Loci Report of October 1840 emphasised the importance and necessity of uniformity in [[codification (law)|codification]] of Indian law, relating to crimes, evidences and contract but it recommended that [[personal law]]s of Hindus and Muslims should be kept outside such codification.&lt;ref name=&quot;Banerjee1984&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Banerjee|first=Anil Chandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7MXExXXb9usC&amp;pg=PA134|title=English Law in India|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year=1984|isbn=978-81-7017-183-6|page=134|access-date=26 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217053133/https://books.google.com/books?id=7MXExXXb9usC&amp;pg=PA134|archive-date=17 February 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to their understanding of religious divisions in India, the British separated this sphere which would be governed by religious scriptures and customs of the various communities (Hindus, Muslims, Christians and later [[Parsi]]s).{{sfn|Sarkar|Sarkar|2008|p=2–3}} These laws were applied by the local courts or [[panchayat]]s when dealing with regular cases involving civil disputes between people of the same religion; the State would only intervene in exceptional cases. Thus, the British let the Indian public have the benefit of self-government in their own domestic matters with the Queen's 1859 Proclamation promising absolute non-interference in religious matters.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=66–67}}{{sfn|Sarkar|Sarkar|2008|p=263}} The personal laws involved inheritance, succession, marriage and religious ceremonies. The public sphere was governed by the British and Anglo-Indian law in terms of crime, land relations, laws of contract and evidence—all this applied equally to every citizen irrespective of religion.{{sfn|Sarkar|Sarkar|2008|p=263}}<br /> <br /> Throughout the country, there was a variation in preference for scriptural or customary laws because in many Hindu and Muslim communities, these were sometimes at conflict;{{sfn|Sarkar|Sarkar|2008|p=2–3}} such instances were present in communities like the [[Jat people|Jats]] and the [[Dravidian people|Dravidians]]. The [[Shudras]], for instance, allowed widow remarriage—completely contrary to the scriptural [[Hindu law]].{{sfn|Sarkar|Sarkar|2008|p=93}} The Hindu laws got preference because of their relative ease in implementation, preference for such a [[Brahmin]]ical system by both British and Indian judges and their fear of opposition from the high caste Hindus.{{sfn|Sarkar|Sarkar|2008|p=93}} The difficulty in investigating each specific practice of any community, case-by-case, made customary laws harder to implement. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, favouring local opinion, the recognition of individual customs and traditions increased.{{sfn|Sarkar|Sarkar|2008|p=263}}<br /> <br /> The Muslim Personal law (based on [[Sharia law]]), was not strictly enforced as compared to the Hindu law. It had no uniformity in its application at lower courts and was severely restricted because of bureaucratic procedures. This led to the customary law, which was often more discriminatory against women, to be applied over it. Women, mainly in northern and western India, often were restrained from property inheritance and [[dowry]] settlements, both of which the Sharia provides.{{sfn|Lawrence|Karim|2007|p=262–264}} Due to pressure from the Muslim elite, the Shariat law of 1937 was passed which stipulated that all Indian Muslims would be governed by Islamic laws on marriage, divorce, maintenance, adoption, succession and inheritance.{{sfn|Lawrence|Karim|2007|p=262–264}}<br /> <br /> ==== Legislative reforms ====<br /> Certain Hindu customs prevalent at the time discriminated against women by depriving them of inheritance, remarriage and divorce. Their condition, especially that of [[Widow remarriage|Hindu widows]] and daughters, was poor due to this and other prevalent customs.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=87–88}}{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=94–100}} The British and social reformers like [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]] were instrumental in outlawing such customs by getting reforms passed through [[legislature|legislative processes]].{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=83–86}} Since the British feared opposition from orthodox community leaders, only the Indian Succession Act 1865, which was also one of the first laws to ensure women's economic security, attempted to shift the personal laws to the realm of [[Civil law (common law)|civil]]. The Indian Marriage Act 1864 had procedures and reforms solely for Christian marriages.{{sfn|Samaddar|2005|p=50–51}}<br /> <br /> There were law reforms passed which were beneficial to women like the [[Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856|Hindu Widow Remarriage Act of 1856]], Married Women's Property Act of 1923 and the [[The Hindu Inheritance (Removal of Disabilities) Act, 1928|Hindu Inheritance (Removal of Disabilities) Act, 1928]], which in a significant move, permitted a Hindu woman's right to property.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=87–88}}<br /> <br /> The call for [[gender equality|equal rights for women]] was only at its initial stages in India at that time and the reluctance of the British government further deterred the passing of such reforms. The [[All India Women's Conference]] (AIWC) expressed its disappointment with the male-dominated legislature and Lakshmi Menon said in an AIWC conference in 1933,{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=83–86}} &quot;If we are to seek divorce in court, we are to state that we are not Hindus, and are not guided by Hindu law. The members in the Legislative assembly who are men will not help us in bringing any drastic changes which will be of benefit to us.&quot; The women's organisations demanded a uniform civil code to replace the existing personal laws, basing it on the Karachi Congress resolution which guaranteed gender-equality.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=83–86}}<br /> <br /> The passing of the Hindu Women's right to Property Act of 1937, also known as the Deshmukh bill, led to the formation of the [[B. N. Rau]] committee, which was set up to determine the necessity of common Hindu laws. The committee concluded that it was time of a uniform civil code, which would give equal rights to women keeping with the modern trends of society but their focus was primarily on reforming the Hindu law in accordance with the scriptures. The committee reviewed the 1937 Act and recommended a [[civil code]] of marriage and succession; it was set up again in 1944 and send its report to the [[Indian Parliament]] in 1947.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=83–86}}<br /> <br /> The Special Marriage Act, which gave the Indian citizens an option of a [[civil marriage]], was first enacted in 1872. It had a limited application because it required those involved to renounce their religion and was applicable mostly to non-Hindus. The later Special Marriage (Amendment) Act, 1923 permitted Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains to marry either under their personal law or under the act without renouncing their religion as well as retaining their succession rights.&lt;ref name=&quot;Singh1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Singh|first=Shiv Sahai|url=https://archive.org/details/unificationofdiv0000sing|title=Unification of Divorce Laws in India|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Deep &amp; Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-7100-592-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/unificationofdiv0000sing/page/7 7], 287–288|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Post-colonial (1947–1985) ===<br /> === Hindu Code Bill and addition to the Directive Principles ===<br /> {{further|Hindu code bills}}<br /> [[File:Jawaharlal Nehru, circa 1925.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] supported a uniform civil code but he had to face opposition from other leaders]]<br /> The Indian Parliament discussed the report of the Hindu law committee during the 1948–1951 and 1951–1954 sessions. The first Prime Minister of the [[Indian republic]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], his supporters and women members wanted a uniform civil code to be implemented.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=90, 94–100}} As [[Law minister of India|Law Minister]], [[B. R. Ambedkar]] was in charge of presenting the details of this bill. It was found that the orthodox Hindu laws were pertaining only to a specific school and tradition because monogamy, divorce and the widow's right to inherit property were present in the ''[[Shashtra]]s''.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=90, 94–100}} A Civil Code of western inspiration was recommended by Ambedkar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot|date=14 August 2003|title=Ambedkar And The Uniform Civil Code|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/ambedkar-and-the-uniform-civil-code/221068|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414123716/http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/ambedkar-and-the-uniform-civil-code/221068|archive-date=14 April 2016|access-date=29 March 2016|website=Outlook India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Pathak|first=Vikas|date=1 December 2015|title=Ambedkar favoured common civil code|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ambedkar-favoured-common-civil-code/article7934565.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128184514/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ambedkar-favoured-common-civil-code/article7934565.ece|archive-date=28 November 2016|access-date=29 March 2016|website=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambedkar's frequent attack on the Hindu laws and dislike for the upper castes made him unpopular in the parliament. He had done research on the religious texts and considered the Hindu society structure flawed. According to him, only law reforms could save it and the Code bill was this opportunity.{{sfn|Sarkar|Sarkar|2008|p=480–491}} He thus faced severe criticism from the opposition. Nehru later supported Ambedkar's reforms but did not share his negative view on Hindu society.{{sfn|Sarkar|Sarkar|2008|p=480–491}}<br /> <br /> The Hindu bill itself received much criticism and the main provisions opposed were those concerning monogamy, divorce, abolition of [[coparcenary|coparcenaries]] (women inheriting a shared title) and inheritance to daughters. The first President of the country, [[Rajendra Prasad]], opposed these reforms; others included the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] president [[Vallabhbhai Patel]], a few senior members and the Hindu fundamentalists within Indian National Congress.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=83–86}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Som|first1=Reba|date=1994-02-01|title=Jawaharlal Nehru and the Hindu Code: A Victory of Symbol over Substance?|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=28|issue=1|pages=165–194 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00011732|jstor=312925|issn=0026-749X}}&lt;/ref&gt; The women members of the parliament, who previously supported this, in a significant political move reversed their position and backed the Hindu law reform; they feared allying with the fundamentalists would cause a further setback to their rights.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=87–88}}<br /> <br /> Thus, a lesser version of this bill was passed by the parliament in 1956, in the form of four separate acts, the [[Hindu Marriage Act]], [[Hindu Succession Act, 1956|Succession Act]], [[Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act|Minority and Guardianship Act]] and [[Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (1956)|Adoptions and Maintenance Act]]. It was decided to add the implementation of a uniform civil code in Article 44 of the [[Directive Principles in India|Directive principles of the Constitution]] specifying, &quot;The State shall endeavour to secure for citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Purandare|first=Vaibhav|date=8 September 2017|title=How Muslim fears were allayed, and the UCC became a directive principle|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-muslim-fears-were-allayed-and-the-ucc-became-a-directive-principle/articleshow/60417611.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911014209/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-muslim-fears-were-allayed-and-the-ucc-became-a-directive-principle/articleshow/60417611.cms|archive-date=11 September 2017|access-date=13 September 2017|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was opposed by women members like [[Rajkumari Amrit Kaur]] and [[Hansa Mehta]]. According to academic Paula Banerjee, this move was to make sure it would never be addressed.{{sfn|Samaddar|2005|p=56–59}} Aparna Mahanta writes, &quot;failure of the Indian state to provide a uniform civil code, consistent with its democratic secular and socialist declarations, further illustrates the modern state's accommodation of the traditional interests of a patriarchal society&quot;.{{sfn|Samaddar|2005|p=56–59}}<br /> <br /> === Later years and Special Marriage Act ===<br /> The Hindu code bill failed to control the prevalent gender discrimination. The law on divorce were framed giving both partners equal voice but majority of its implementation involved those initiated by men. Since the Act applied only to Hindus, women from the other communities remained subordinated. For instance, [[Women in Islam|Muslim women]], under the Muslim Personal Law, could not inherit agricultural land.{{sfn|Samaddar|2005|p=56–59}} Nehru accepted that the bill was not complete and perfect, but was cautious about implementing drastic changes which could stir up specific communities. He agreed that it lacked any substantial reforms but felt it was an &quot;outstanding achievement&quot; of his time.{{sfn|Sarkar|Sarkar|2008|p=480–491}} He had a significant role in getting the Hindu Code bill passed and laid down women-equality as an ideal to be pursued in Indian politics, which was eventually accepted by the previous critics of the bill.{{sfn|Sarkar|Sarkar|2008|p=480–491}} Uniform civil code, for him, was a necessity for the whole country but he did not want it to forced upon any community, especially if they were not ready for such a reform. According to him, such a lack of uniformity was preferable since it would be ineffective if implemented. Thus, his vision of family law uniformity was not applied and was added to the Directive principles of the [[Constitution of India|Constitution]].{{sfn|Sarkar|Sarkar|2008|p=480–491}}<br /> <br /> The [[Special Marriage Act, 1954]], provides a form of civil marriage to any citizen irrespective of religion, thus permitting any Indian to have their marriage outside the realm of any specific religious personal law.&lt;ref name=&quot;Singh1993&quot;/&gt; The law applied to all of India, except [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. In many respects, the act was almost identical to the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, which gives some idea as to how secularised the law regarding Hindus had become. The Special Marriage Act allowed Muslims to marry under it and thereby retain the protections, generally beneficial to Muslim women, that could not be found in the personal law. Under this act polygamy was illegal, and inheritance and succession would be governed by the Indian Succession Act, rather than the respective Muslim Personal Law. Divorce also would be governed by the secular law, and maintenance of a divorced wife would be along the lines set down in the civil law.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/4234/ |title=The Special Marriage Act, 1954 |website=indiakanoon.org |language=en |access-date=2020-09-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721081233/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/4234/ |archive-date=2020-07-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Significance of Shah Bano case ==<br /> {{main|Shah Bano case}}<br /> After the passing of the Hindu Code bill, the personal laws in India had two major areas of application: the common Indian citizens and the [[Muslims in India|Muslim community]], whose laws were kept away from any reforms.{{sfn|Lawrence|Karim|2007|p=265–267}} The frequent conflict between secular and religious authorities over the issue of uniform civil code eventually decreased, until the 1985 Shah Bano case. Bano was a 73-year-old woman who sought maintenance from her husband, Muhammad Ahmad Khan. He had divorced her after 40 years of marriage by triple ''[[Divorce in Islam|Talaaq]]'' (saying &quot;I divorce thee&quot; three times) and denied her regular maintenance; this sort of unilateral divorce was permitted under the Muslim Personal Law. She was initially granted maintenance by the verdict of a local court in 1980. Khan, a lawyer himself, challenged this decision, taking it to the [[Supreme court of India|Supreme Court]], saying that he had fulfilled all his obligations under Islamic law. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Shah Bano in 1985 under the &quot;maintenance of wives, children and parents&quot; provision (Section 125) of the [[Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973|All India Criminal Code]], which applied to all citizens irrespective of religion. It further recommended that a uniform civil code be set up, stating that a uniform civil code would promote national integration by eliminating conflicting loyalties to laws with divergent ideologies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/law-commission-seeks-public-religious-bodies-views-on-uniform-civil-code-101686769326963.html | title=Law Commission seeks public, religious bodies' views on Uniform Civil Code | date=15 June 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Besides her case, two other Muslim women had previously received maintenance under the [[Code of Criminal Procedure (India)|Criminal Code]] in 1979 and 1980.{{sfn|Lawrence|Karim|2007|p=262–264}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Rajiv Gandhi at 7 Race course road 1988 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s Congress party lost state-level elections in 1985 after it endorsed the Supreme Court's decision supporting Bano but later reversed its stand.]]<br /> <br /> The Shah Bano case soon became nationwide political issue and a widely debated controversy.{{sfn|Lawrence|Karim|2007|p=265–267}} Many conditions, like the Supreme court's recommendation, made her case have such public and political interest. After the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]], [[Religion in India|minorities in India]], with Muslims being the largest, felt threatened with the need to safeguard their culture.{{sfn|Lawrence|Karim|2007|p=265–267}} The [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board|All India Muslim Board]] defended the application of their laws and supported the Muslim conservatives who accused the government of promoting Hindu dominance over every Indian citizen at the expense of minorities. The Criminal Code was seen as a threat to the Muslim Personal Law, which they considered their cultural identity.{{sfn|Lawrence|Karim|2007|p=262–264}} According to them, the judiciary recommending a uniform civil code was evidence that Hindu values would be imposed over every Indian.{{sfn|Lawrence|Karim|2007|p=262–264}}<br /> <br /> The orthodox Muslims felt that their communal identity was at stake if their personal laws were governed by the judiciary.{{sfn|Lawrence|Karim|2007|p=262–264}} [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|government]], which previously had the support of Muslim minorities, lost the local elections in December 1985 because of its endorsement of the Supreme Court's decision.{{sfn|Samaddar|2005|p=60–63}} The members of the Muslim board, including Khan, started a campaign for complete autonomy in their personal laws. It soon reached a national level, by consulting legislators, ministers and journalists. The press played a considerable role in [[sensationalism|sensationalizing]] this incident.{{sfn|Lawrence|Karim|2007|p=262–264}}<br /> <br /> An independent Muslim [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] proposed a bill to protect their personal law in the parliament. The Congress reversed its previous position and supported this bill while the [[Hindu right]], the Left, Muslim liberals and women's organisations strongly opposed it. The [[The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986|Muslim Women's (Protection of Rights on Divorce)]] was passed in 1986, which made Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code inapplicable to Muslim women. The debate now centred on the [[divinity]] of their personal law. A Muslim member of parliament made a claim emphasising the importance of the cultural community over national by saying that only a Muslim judge could intercede in such cases.{{sfn|Samaddar|2005|p=60–63}} Bano later in a statement said that she rejected the Supreme Court's verdict. It also led to the argument defining a woman's right according to her specific community with political leader Jaffar Sharief saying, &quot;today, in the Shah Bano's case, I am finding that many people are more sympathetic towards Muslim women than their own women. This is very strange.&quot;{{sfn|Samaddar|2005|p=60–63}}<br /> <br /> The politicisation led to argument having two major sides: the Congress and Muslim conservatives versus the Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists, Parsis, and the Left. In 1987, the Minister of Social Welfare, [[Rajendra Kumari Bajpai]], reported that no women were given maintenance by the [[Wakf]] Board in 1986. Women activists highlighted their legal status and according to them, &quot;main problem is that there [are] many laws but women are dominated not by secular laws, not by uniform civil laws, but by religious laws.&quot;{{sfn|Samaddar|2005|p=60–63}} The legal reversal of introducing the Muslim Women law significantly hampered the nationwide women's movement in the 1980s.{{sfn|Samaddar|2005|p=60–63}}<br /> <br /> == Current status and opinions ==<br /> === Definition of the proposal ===<br /> UCC is meant to replace various laws currently applicable to different communities which are inconsistent with each other. These laws include the [[Hindu Marriage Act]], [[Hindu Succession Act]], [[The Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872|Indian Christian Marriages Act]], Indian Divorce Act, Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act. Meanwhile, certain codes like [[Sharia]] (Islamic laws) are not codified and solely based upon their religious scriptures.&lt;ref name=&quot;HTMAR21&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Anand|first=Utkarsh|date=2021-03-15|title=Has the Supreme Court set the ball rolling for a Uniform Civil Code?|newspaper=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/has-the-supreme-court-set-the-ball-rolling-for-a-uniform-civil-code-101615802810671.html|access-date=2021-04-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The proposals in UCC include [[monogamy]], equal rights for son and daughter over inheritance of paternal property, and gender and religion neutral laws with regards to will, charity, divinity, guardianship and sharing of custody. These proposals may not result in much difference to the status of Hindu society, as they have already been applicable on Hindus through [[Hindu code bills|the Hindu Code Bills]] for decades.&lt;ref name=&quot;LiveLawAPR21&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Points of view ===<br /> The debate for a uniform civil code, with its diverse implications and concerning [[Secularism in India|secularism in the country]], is one of the most controversial issues in twenty-first century Indian politics.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=13–20}} The major problems for implementing it are the [[Diversity in culture in India|country's diversity]] and religious laws, which not only differ sect-wise, but also by community, caste and region.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=13–20}}<br /> <br /> India is a 'secular' nation which means a separation between religion and state matters. However, 'secularism' in India is defined as equality of all religions and practitioners of all religions before the law. Currently, with a mix of different civil codes, citizens are treated differently by law and by courts based on their religion. The rights of Hindu women are far more progressive (and constitutional, by virtue of being gender-neutral and secular) than those of Muslim women, who are governed by Muslim Personal Law, which is based on the Sharia law.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2021-08-31 |title=GENDER INEQUALITY IN HINDU AND MUSLIM PERSONAL LAWS - Jus Corpus |url=https://www.juscorpus.com/gender-inequality-in-hindu-and-muslim-personal-laws/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Women's rights groups have said the issue of a uniform civil code is only based on the rights and security of women, irrespective of its politicisation.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=13–20}}<br /> The arguments for it are: its mention in Article 44 of the Constitution, need for strengthening the unity and integrity of the country, rejection of different laws for different communities, importance for gender equality, and reforming the archaic personal laws of Muslims—which allow unilateral divorce and polygamy. India is thus among the [[Application of Islamic law by country|nations that legally apply the Sharia law]]. According to Qutub Kidwai, the Muslim Personal Law is &quot;Anglo-Mohammadan&quot; rather than solely Islamic.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=13–20}}<br /> The [[Hindutva|Hindu nationalists]] view this issue in the concept of the Hindu law, which they say, is secular and equal to both sexes.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=13–20}} In the country, demanding a uniform civil code can be seen negatively by religious authorities and secular sections of society because of [[identity politics]].{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=13–20}} The [[Sangh Parivar]] and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), one of the two major political parties in India, have taken up this debate to gain Hindu support.{{sfn|Chavan|Kidwai|2006|p=13–20}} However, others have criticised such a debate given the lack of existence of the draft of the bill.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/debate-without-draft-uniform-civil-code-is-a-non-issue-says-ex-cec-sy-quraishi/article67164351.ece | title=Debate without draft Uniform Civil Code is a non-issue, says ex-CEC S.Y. Quraishi | newspaper=The Hindu | date=6 August 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/let-the-draft-come-nobody-is-opposing-law-sanjay-raut-on-ucc/articleshow/101491669.cms?from=mdr | title=&quot;Let the draft come...nobody is opposing law,&quot; Sanjay Raut on UCC | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=4 July 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Indian state of Goa abides by Goa Civil Code. It is a set of civil laws, originally the [[Portuguese Civil Code of Goa and Damaon|Portuguese Civil Code]], which continues to be implemented even after the [[1961 Indian annexation of Goa|Indian annexation of the state in 1961]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NIE1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Call to implement Goan model of civil code|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article138136.ece|access-date=22 October 2013|newspaper=New Indian Express|date=15 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508030759/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article138136.ece|archive-date=8 May 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sikhs and Buddhists objected to the wording of Article 25 which terms them as Hindus with personal laws being applied to them.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JxgFWwK8dXwC|title=Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report|last1=Boyle|first1=Kevin|last2=Sheen|first2=Juliet|date=2013-03-07|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-72229-7|pages=191–192|language=en|access-date=16 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513181649/https://books.google.com/books?id=JxgFWwK8dXwC|archive-date=13 May 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, this article also guarantees the right of the members of the Sikh faith to bear a [[Kirpan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|title=The Constitution of India, Right to Freedom of religion, Article 25|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621134720/http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf|archive-date=21 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In October 2015, the Supreme Court of India asserted the need for a uniform civil code and said: &quot;This cannot be accepted, otherwise every religion will say it has a right to decide various issues as a matter of its personal law. We don't agree with this at all. It has to be done through a decree of a court&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|last=Anand|first=Utkarsh|title=Uniform Civil Code: There's total confusion, why can't it be done, SC asks govt|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/uniform-civil-code-supreme-court-asks-govt-why-cant-it-be-done-tell-us-your-plan|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date=13 October 2015|location=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015000259/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/uniform-civil-code-supreme-court-asks-govt-why-cant-it-be-done-tell-us-your-plan/|archive-date=15 October 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 November 2016, British Indian intellectual [[Tufail Ahmad]] unveiled a 12-point draft proposal, citing no effort by the government since 1950. The [[Law Commission of India]] stated on 31 August 2018, that a uniform civil code is &quot;neither necessary nor desirable at this stage&quot; in a 185-page consultation paper, adding that secularism cannot contradict the plurality prevalent in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |agency=IANS|date=30 November 2016|title=Muslim intellectual proposes a revolutionary Uniform Civil Code|url=http://www.thestatesman.com/india/muslim-intellectual-proposes-a-revolutionary-uniform-civil-code-1480508995.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201021416/http://www.thestatesman.com/india/muslim-intellectual-proposes-a-revolutionary-uniform-civil-code-1480508995.html|archive-date=1 December 2016|access-date=30 November 2016|newspaper=The Statesman}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ahmad|first1=Tufail|date=30 November 2016|title=My blueprint for the Uniform Civil Code|url=http://www.dailyo.in/politics/uniform-civil-code-muslims-triple-talaq-indian-constitution-supreme-court/story/1/14293.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130163734/http://www.dailyo.in/politics/uniform-civil-code-muslims-triple-talaq-indian-constitution-supreme-court/story/1/14293.html|archive-date=30 November 2016|access-date=30 November 2016|website=DailyO}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 14 June 2023, the 22nd Law Commission of India requested input from religious organizations and the general public regarding the matter of implementing a Uniform Civil Code (UCC). According to a notification released by the commission, individuals who are interested and willing can express their opinions within a 30-day time frame.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/law-commission-uniform-civil-code-8671382/ | title=Law Commission seeks views on Uniform Civil Code: What is the UCC and the debate around it | date=18 June 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Indian society in pre-independence era had many other considerations like socio-economic status, jati and [[gotra]] etc. in case of marriages. While the Hindu Code Bills and other Acts wiped out all such practices in Hindu, Jains, Sikh, Buddhist, Parsi and Christian communities, some conservative sections of these communities had been demanding amendments to their Marriage Acts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Anand|first=Hardik|date=2018-05-28|title=Amend Hindu Marriage Act to ban same-gotra marriages: Khaps|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/amend-hindu-marriage-act-to-ban-same-gotra-marriages-khaps/story-50prtuWUWkd6DEOc4IRnNN.html|access-date=2021-08-13|website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Critics of UCC continue to oppose it as a threat to religious freedom. They consider the abolition of religious laws to be against [[secularism]], and the UCC as a means for BJP to target Muslims under the pretense of progressivism. However, BJP members state that they promote UCC as a means of achieving religious equality and equal rights for women by fending off unfair religious laws.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uniform Civil Code: Another nail in the coffin to satisfy the facade of party manifesto|url=https://www.indialegallive.com/top-news-of-the-day/news/uniform-civil-code-another-nail-in-the-coffin-to-satisfy-the-facade-of-party-manifesto/|work=India Legal|date=2020-07-23|access-date=2020-09-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AM Jigeesh&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Legal expert and rights groups suggest amending gender discriminatory laws, rather than implementing a uniform civil code. An example of such a law is [[Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005]] which applies to women of all communities without the need for a uniform civil code.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Wire UCC gender justice&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> On 17 July 2023, Justice [[Krishna Murari]], who recently concluded his tenure in the Supreme Court of India, said that &quot;uniformity in anyway is beneficial&quot;, but before the implementation of the Uniform Civil Code, extensive deliberations and consultations, on a large scale, with the general public should take place.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/india/uniformity-is-good-but-uniform-civil-code-needs-large-scale-consultations-ex-sc-judge-krishna-murari-8352169.html | title=Uniformity is Good but Uniform Civil Code Needs Large-Scale Consultations: Ex-SC Judge Murari | date=17 July 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 7 February 2024, The [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] passed [[The Uniform Civil Code of Uttarakhand Act, 2024]], making [[Uttarakhand]] the first state in India to enact a uniform Civil Code. [[Chief Minister of Uttarakhand|Chief Minister]] [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]] describes it as a &quot;historic moment&quot; for the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Uniform Civil Code bill passed in Uttarakhand assembly |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/uniform-civil-code-bill-passed-in-uttarakhand-assembly-101707312685015.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=7 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the law itself excluded [[Scheduled tribes]] and has faced criticism on technical grounds.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://thewire.in/government/talking-uniform-civil-code | title=The Wire: The Wire News India, Latest News, News from India, Politics, External Affairs, Science, Economics, Gender and Culture }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.sriramsias.com/upsc-daily-current-affairs/exclusion-of-scheduled-tribes-from-uttarakhands/ | title=Uttarakhand Excludes Tribes: Civil Code Impact &amp;#124; SRIRAMs IAS }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Legal status and prospects ==<br /> <br /> UCC had been included in BJP's manifesto for the [[1998 Indian general election|1998]], [[2019 Indian general elections|2019]] and [[2024 Indian general election|2024 elections]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-04-14 |title=BJP's Lok Sabha poll manifesto highlights: UCC implementation, maintaining peace in Northeast |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/lok-sabha-polls-2024-bjp-manifesto-sankalp-patra-highlights-pm-modi/article68064276.ece |access-date=2024-04-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; and was even proposed for introduction in the Parliament for the first time in November 2019 by [[Narayan Lal Panchariya]]. Amid protests by other MPs, the bill was soon withdrawn for making certain amendments.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Chari|first=Seshadri|title=Modi govt has been working for a Uniform Civil Code and we didn't even notice. Until now|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/modi-govt-has-been-working-for-a-uniform-civil-code-and-we-didnt-even-notice-until-now/278053/|publisher=The Print|date=2019-08-16|access-date=2020-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AM Jigeesh&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Jigeesh|first=AM|date=2019-12-06|title=After objections, BJP member withdraws Bill for UCC|publisher=The Hindu Business Line|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/after-objections-bjp-member-withdraws-bill-for-ucc/article30217193.ece|access-date=2020-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; The bill was brought for a second time by [[Kirodi Lal Meena]] in March 2020, but was not introduced again.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Joy|first=Shemin|date=2020-03-13|title=BJP MP once again does not introduce Uniform Civil Code Bill|publisher=Deccan Herald|location=New Delhi|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/bjp-mp-once-again-does-not-introduce-uniform-civil-code-bill-813445.html|access-date=2020-09-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; As per reports which emerged in 2020, the bill's specifics are being contemplated by the BJP due to its topical differences with the RSS.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramchandran&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ramchandran|first=Smriti Kak|date=2020-08-06|title=BJP, RSS hope for consensus on Uniform Civil Code|newspaper=The Hindu|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-rss-hope-for-consensus-on-ucc/story-ASFagZCCQPEIfQT59HMgkK.html|access-date=2020-08-22}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sharma|first=Vibha|title=UCC next on Modi govt agenda?|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/ucc-next-on-modi-govt-agenda-123130|newspaper=The Tribune|date=2020-08-06|access-date=2020-08-22|archive-date=1 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701075743/https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/ucc-next-on-modi-govt-agenda-123130|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A plea was filed in the [[Delhi High Court]] which sought establishment of a judicial commission or a high level expert committee to direct the central government to prepare a draft of UCC in three months. In April 2021, a request was filed to transfer the plea to the Supreme Court so that filing of more such pleas throughout various high courts doesn't bring inconsistency throughout India. The draft would further be published on the website for 60 days to facilitate extensive public debate and feedback.&lt;ref name=&quot;LiveLawAPR21&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ojha|first=Drishti|date=2021-04-11|title=Plea In Supreme Court Seeks Transfer Of Plea For Uniform Civil Code From Delhi High Court To SC|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-uniform-civil-code-delhi-high-court-transfer-of-case-ucc-172432|newspaper=LiveLaw|access-date=2021-04-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reactions ==<br /> Many political parties, ranging from opposition parties to the BJP's own allies in the NDA, have objected to calls for a uniform civil code by the BJP.&lt;ref name=&quot;opposition-parties-reactions&quot;&gt;<br /> {{cite news |title='Meant to Distract People': Opposition Parties on PM Modi's Uniform Civil Code Pitch |url=https://thewire.in/politics/narendra-modi-uniform-civil-code-opposition-party |access-date=16 July 2023 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715222140/https://thewire.in/politics/narendra-modi-uniform-civil-code-opposition-party |archive-date=15 July 2023}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;scroll.in NDA partners oppose UCC&quot; /&gt; Furthermore, the idea of the UCC has been opposed by many NGOs and organizations. Some have proposed a feminist code to replace a monolithic view, advocating for a praxis-based approach grounded in the lived realities of women's lives, optionality in governance, and an intersectional perspective&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Nigam |first1=Shalu |title=Uniformly Oppressive: A Feminist Critique of the Uttarakhand UCC as a Project of Patriarchy |url=https://lawschoolpolicyreview.com/2025/11/24/uniformly-oppressive-a-feminist-critique-of-the-uttarakhand-ucc-as-a-project-of-patriarchy/ |website=lawschoolpolicyreview.com |access-date=25 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. <br /> <br /> A group from [[Nagaland]] warned that it will burn the houses of all the 60 legislators in the state if the UCC gets implemented in the state.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2023-07-02 |title=Protests against UCC build up in three northeastern States |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/arson-threat-against-ucc-in-nagaland/article67033755.ece |access-date=2025-11-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Nagaland Transparency, Public Rights Advocacy and Direct-Action Organisation opposed the idea of the UCC, saying it will erode local customs and traditions of tribes. The Hynniewtrep Youth Council from the state of [[Meghalaya]] said they will request the Law Commission not to implement the UCC.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Protests against UCC build up in three northeastern States |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/arson-threat-against-ucc-in-nagaland/article67033755.ece |access-date=16 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715224043/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/arson-threat-against-ucc-in-nagaland/article67033755.ece |archive-date=15 July 2023 |location=Guwahati |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]]<br /> * [[Hindu code bills]]<br /> * [[Religious law]]<br /> * [[Family law]]<br /> * [[Secularism in India]]<br /> * [[Sharia]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> ;Citations<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> ;Bibliography<br /> *{{cite book|first1=Nandini|last1=Chavan|first2=Qutub Jehan|last2=Kidwai|title=Personal Law Reforms and Gender Empowerment: A Debate on Uniform Civil Code|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIMp5ctu_ngC|year=2006|publisher=Hope India Publications|isbn=978-81-7871-079-2}}<br /> *{{cite book|first1=Sumit|last1=Sarkar|first2=Tanika|last2=Sarkar|title=Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEPYbuzOwcQC&amp;pg=PA2|year=2008|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-22049-3}}<br /> *{{cite book|first1=Ranabir|last1=Samaddar|title=The Politics of Autonomy: Indian Experiences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kcVh_QInSD0C&amp;pg=PT17|year=2005|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-3453-0}}<br /> * {{citation |editor-last=Larson |editor-first=Gerald James |title=Religion and Personal Law in Secular India: A Call to Judgment |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGV3noHZ1QMC |year=2001 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=0-253-21480-7}}<br /> *{{cite book|first1=Bruce B|last1=Lawrence|first2=Aisha|last2=Karim|title=On Violence: A Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=32SGA4EV9EEC&amp;pg=PA262|year=2007|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9016-9}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> *[[Shourie, Arun]] (2005). ''[[A Secular Agenda: For Saving Our Country, for Welding It]]''. New Delhi, India: Rupa. {{ISBN|978-8-19001-993-4}}<br /> * {{Cite news |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |title=Nehru and the Hindu Code Bill |newspaper=Outlook |date=7 August 2003 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/books/nehru-and-the-hindu-code-bill-news-221000}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3530608.stm &quot;Muslim women fight instant divorce&quot;] from [[BBC]]<br /> *<br /> * [https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/law-commission-s-report-on-uniform-civil-code-not-before-2018/story-hizRvHNIJtvLTCUdyuHgZL.html Law Commission's report on uniform civil code not before 2018&quot;] article by [https://www.hindustantimes.com/author/jatin-gandhi-101608310569764 Jatin Gandhi] from [[Hindustan Times]]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Uniform civil code}}<br /> [[Category:Civil codes]]<br /> [[Category:Indian family law]]<br /> [[Category:Identity politics in India]]<br /> [[Category:Law by issue]]<br /> [[Category:Law by issue and country]]<br /> [[Category:Legal systems]]<br /> [[Category:Women's rights in India]]<br /> [[Category:Women's rights in religious movements]]<br /> [[Category:Religious controversies in India]]<br /> [[Category:Political controversies in India]]<br /> [[Category:Controversies in India]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1st_Armoured_Division_(India)&diff=458553 2026-03-05T18:14:17Z

<p>JulianaThurston: small rework section per standard format and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Division of the Indian Army}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=July 2009}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox military unit<br /> | unit_name = 1st Armoured Division<br /> | image = 1 Armoured Division, Indian Army.svg<br /> | image_size = <br /> | caption = Formation Badge of the 1st Armoured Division<br /> | start_date = {{start date and age|1945|09|1|df=yes}}<br /> | country = {{flagu|India|size=23px}}<br /> | branch = {{army|India|size=23px}}<br /> | allegiance = <br /> | command_structure = [[II Corps (India)|II Corps]]<br /> | type = [[Division (military)#Armoured division|Armoured]]<br /> | role = <br /> | size = [[Division (military)#India|Division]]<br /> | garrison = [[Patiala]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/western-command-chief-reviews-preparedness-of-airawat-division-263706|title=Western Command chief reviews preparedness of Airawat Division|date=5 June 2021|access-date=27 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | ceremonial_chief = <br /> | nickname = ''Airawat Division'' (The Black Elephant Division)<br /> | motto = <br /> | colors = <br /> | march = <br /> | mascot = The [[Indian elephant]]<br /> &lt;!-- Commanders --&gt;| commander1 = <br /> | commander1_label = <br /> | commander2 = <br /> | commander2_label = <br /> | commander3 = <br /> | commander3_label = <br /> | commander4 = <br /> | commander4_label = <br /> | notable_commanders = [[Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Rajinder Singh Sparrow|Rajinder Singh 'Sparrow']] <br /> &lt;!-- Battles --&gt;| battles = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]<br /> | anniversaries = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''1st Armoured Division''' is an armoured division of the [[Indian Army]], headquartered at Patiala, Punjab. It is part of [[II Corps (India)|II Corps]] of the [[Indian Army|Indian Army's]] [[Western Command (India)|Western Command]].<br /> <br /> ==Formation==<br /> The division was formed when the [[31st Indian Armoured Division]] was re-designated on 1 September 1945.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/armd_divsww2.html |title=Indian Armored Divisions in World War II |date=25 August 2002 |first=Ravi |last=Rikhye |website=orbat.com |accessdate=1 April 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808125947/http://www.orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/armd_divsww2.html |archivedate=8 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The 1st Armoured Division was one of two divisional headquarters transferred from the [[British Indian Army]] to the [[Indian Army]] upon the [[partition of British India]] in August 1947.{{refn|group=fn|A third divisional headquarters, of the 4th Indian Division, had become the [[Punjab Boundary Force]].{{sfnp|Rinaldi|Rikhye|2011|p=33}}}} At the time, it had its divisional headquarters at [[Secunderabad]] and the 43rd Lorried Infantry Brigade away with the [[Punjab Boundary Force]]. In June 1946, the wartime [[255th Indian Tank Brigade]] was redesignated as 1st Armoured Brigade and assigned to 1st Armoured Division.{{sfnp|Rinaldi|Rikhye|2011|p=166}}<br /> <br /> ==Operation Polo==<br /> {{Main|Annexation of Hyderabad}}<br /> The division played a major role in [[Operation Polo]], the integration of [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] into the Indian Union in 1948. During this time Major General [[Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri]] was serving as the division's commander, also serving as Military Governor of the state in the immediate aftermath of the invasion. For the Hyderabad operation, the division controlled the 1st Armoured Brigade and the 7th and 9th Infantry Brigades.{{sfnp|Rinaldi|Rikhye|2011|p=35}}<br /> <br /> The order of battle (ORBAT) for the division was as follows&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/archives/MONITOR/ISSUE2-3/lns.html|title=Operation Polo: The Liberation Of Hyderabad|date=1 November 1999|access-date=27 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;-<br /> <br /> '''Strike Force'''<br /> *9 [[Dogra Regiment|Dogra]] <br /> *[[1st Horse (Skinner's Horse)|Skinner's Horse]] (minus one squadron) <br /> *1 troop Division HQ Squadron<br /> *Battery [[1 Field Regiment (India)|1 Field Regiment (Self Propelled)]]<br /> *1 Forward Air Control team<br /> <br /> '''Smash Force''' - 1 Armoured Brigade (Brigadier S.D Verma)<br /> *[[3rd Cavalry Regiment (India)|3 Cavalry]] (minus one squadron) <br /> *[[Poona Horse|17 Horse]] (minus one squadron) <br /> *One troop Skinner's Horse<br /> *[[1 Field Regiment (India)|1 Field Regiment (Self Propelled)]] (less one battery) <br /> *2nd Battery [[40 Field Regiment (India)|40 Medium Regiment]]<br /> *One company 9 Dogra<br /> <br /> '''Kill Force''' - 7 Infantry Brigade (Brigadier Gurbachan Singh)<br /> *2 [[Sikh Regiment|Sikh]]<br /> *3 [[The Grenadiers|Grenadiers]]<br /> *14 [[Rajput Regiment|Rajput]]<br /> *[[9 (Parachute) Field Regiment (India)|9 Para Field Regiment]]<br /> <br /> '''Vir Force''' - 9 Infantry Brigade (Brigadier Apji Randhir Singh)<br /> *3 [[Punjab Regiment (India)|Punjab]]<br /> *2/[[1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)|1 Gorkha Rifles]]<br /> *[[34 Field Regiment (India)|34 Anti Tank Regiment]]<br /> <br /> ==Indo-Pakistani War of 1965==<br /> {{Main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}}<br /> <br /> The 1st Armoured Division with Major General [[Rajinder Singh Sparrow|Rajinder Singh 'Sparrow']] as the [[General officer commanding|GOC]] played an important role in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]. He was awarded the [[Mahavir Chakra]] for his role during the war.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/Galleries/Wars/1965/I/0597.jpg.html |title=Major General Rajinder Singh Sparrow, MVC, GOC 1st Armoured Division |work=[[Bharat Rakshak]] |accessdate=7 July 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601235055/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/Galleries/Wars/1965/I/0597.jpg.html |archivedate=1 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=today&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Former Congress (I) MP Rajinder Singh Sparrow passes away: Signposts |magazine=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/signposts/story/19940515-former-congressi-mp-rajinder-singh-sparrow-passes-away-809153-1994-05-14 |date=15 May 1994 |access-date=7 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The division was part of the [[I Corps (India)|I Corps]] on the western front. The order of battle was as follows&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Harbaksh |title=War Despatches: Indo-Pak Conflict 1965|date=2012|publisher= Lancer Publishers LLC|isbn=978-8170621171|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/battle-of-phillora-1965-war/|title=Battle of Phillora 1965 War|date=20 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;-<br /> <br /> '''1 Armoured Division''' (Major General Rajinder Singh)<br /> *'''1 Armoured Brigade''' (Brigadier [[Khem Karan Singh]])<br /> **[[Poona Horse|17 Horse]]<br /> **[[16th Light Cavalry|16 Light Cavalry]]<br /> **[[62 Cavalry (India)|62 Cavalry]] (was also part of other formations)<br /> *'''43 Lorried Infantry Brigade''' (Brigadier HS Dhillon)<br /> **[[2nd Lancers (Gardner's Horse)|2 Lancers]]<br /> **8 [[Garhwal Rifles]]<br /> **5 [[Jat Regiment|Jat]]<br /> **5/[[9th Gorkha Rifles|9 Gorkha Rifles]]<br /> *Divisional Reserves<br /> **[[4th Horse (Hodson's Horse)|4 Horse]]<br /> **9 [[Dogra Regiment|Dogra]]<br /> *'''1 Artillery Brigade''' (Brigadier [[Om Prakash Malhotra|OP Malhotra]])<br /> **[[2 Medium Regiment (India)|2 Field Regiment (SP)]] <br /> **[[71 Field Regiment (India)|71 Medium Regiment]]<br /> **[[101 Field Regiment (India)|101 Field Regiment (SP)]] <br /> *Brigades under temporary operational command<br /> **35 Infantry Brigade (from 9 to 16 September 1965)<br /> **116 Infantry Brigade (from 9 to 12 September 1965)<br /> **58 Infantry Brigade (from 12 to 16 September 1965)<br /> <br /> The major battles fought by the division include the [[Battle of Phillora]] and the [[Battle of Chawinda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.claws.in/images/journals_doc/20072578_ArmourOperationsIndoPakconflict1965.pdf|title=Armour Operations:Indo-Pak Conflict 1965|date=|access-date=28 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/tales-of-valour-the-battle-of-phillora-and-chawinda/702786|title=Tales of Valour: The Battle of Phillora and Chawinda|date=4 January 2021|access-date=27 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the time of the cease-fire, 1 Corps held around 500 square kilometres of Pakistani territory and had caused substantial damage to the enemy armour. Lieutenant Colonel [[Ardeshir Tarapore|A B Tarapore]], 17 Horse was posthumously awarded the [[Param Vir Chakra]], Major General Rajinder Singh, GOC, 1 Armoured Division, Brig KK Singh, Commander 1 Armoured Brigade, Lieutenant Colonel MMS Bakshi, Commandant 4 Horse, and Major Bhupinder Singh, 4 Horse were awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1966/O-1662-1966-0007-75752.pdf|title=Gazette of India, No 7|date=12 February 1966|access-date=1 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1966/O-1662-1966-0001-75746.pdf|title=Gazette of India, No 1|date=1 January 1966|access-date=1 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2015/sep16-15/h2.htm|title=Operations of 1 Corps|date=15 September 2015|access-date=1 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Indo-Pakistani War of 1971==<br /> {{Main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}<br /> <br /> The division was under the [[XI Corps (India)|XI Corps]], but did not see action. The order of battle (ORBAT) for the division was as follows&lt;ref name=&quot;Gill 2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Gill|first=JH|title=An Atlas Of 1971 India Pakistan War - Creation of Bangladesh|date=2003|publisher=National Defense University, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies|page=88}}&lt;/ref&gt;-<br /> <br /> '''1 Armoured Division''' (Major General Gurbachan Singh)<br /> *93 Independent Reconnaissance Squadron (from 65 Armoured Regiment)<br /> *'''1 Armoured Brigade''' (Brigadier N.S. Cheema)<br /> **[[2nd Lancers (Gardner's Horse)|2 Lancers]]<br /> **[[65th Armoured Regiment (India)|65 Armoured Regiment]]<br /> **[[67th Armoured Regiment (India)|67 Armoured Regiment]]<br /> **[[68th Armoured Regiment (India)|68 Armoured Regiment]]<br /> (all equipped with [[Vijayanta]] tanks)<br /> *'''43 Lorried Infantry Brigade''' (Brigadier Ramesh Chandra)<br /> **1 [[Madras Regiment|Madras]]<br /> **1 [[Jat Regiment|Jat]] <br /> **1 [[Garhwal Rifles]] <br /> (all equipped with [[OT-62 TOPAS|TOPAS]] armoured personnel carriers)<br /> <br /> ==The Present==<br /> Following the [[1971 Indo-Pakistani war]], the division was re-organised with the 1st and 43rd Armoured Brigades and relocated in 1972 to [[Ambala Cantonment|Ambala]]. In 1984, it was reorganized with the 1st, 43rd and 98th Armoured Brigades.{{sfnp|Rinaldi|Rikhye|2011|p=35}} At present, the Divisional Headquarters is located at Patiala as are the 43 and 98 Armoured Brigades. 1 Armoured Brigade is located at [[Nabha]] and 1 Artillery Brigade at Ambala.<br /> <br /> ==Footnotes==<br /> {{reflist|group=fn}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> ;Bibliography<br /> * {{cite book|first1=Richard |last1=Rinaldi |first2=Ravi |last2=Rikhye |title=Indian Army Order of Battle |publisher=General Data LLC |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-98205-417-8 |name-list-style=amp}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:1st Armoured Division (India)}}<br /> [[Category:Divisions of the Indian Army]]<br /> [[Category:Military units and formations established in 1945]]<br /> [[Category:Armored divisions]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arunodaya_(film)&diff=487710 2026-03-05T02:40:44Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Creating a details w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{No plot|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Arunodaya <br /> | image = Arunodaya (film).jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | native_name = &lt;!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --&gt;<br /> | director = [[P. H. Vishwanath]]<br /> | writer = B. A. Madhu (dialogues)<br /> | screenplay = P. H. Vishwanath<br /> | story = P. H. Vishwanath<br /> | based_on = &lt;!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --&gt;<br /> | producer = S. Sathish (Swamy)<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|*[[Ramesh Aravind]]<br /> *[[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]]<br /> *[[Chippy Renjith|Shilpa]]<br /> }}<br /> | narrator = <br /> | cinematography = A. V. Krishna Kumar<br /> | editing = P. R. Soundar Raj<br /> | music = [[Hamsalekha]]<br /> | studio = Sandesh Enterprises<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1999|12|10}} <br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Arunodaya''''' ({{Translation|Sunrise}}) is a 1999 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by [[P. H. Vishwanath]] and starring [[Ramesh Aravind]], [[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]] and [[Chippy Renjith|Shilpa]]. The plot of the film is similar to ''[[Premotsava]]'' (1999), which released prior to this film.&lt;ref name=&quot;B&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlinebangalore.com/movi/arunodaya/|title=Arunodaya|work=Online Bangalore|access-date=14 April 2024|archive-date=27 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827214836/https://www.onlinebangalore.com/movi/arunodaya/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was a box office success.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kannada/karnataka/entertainment/movie/aade-namma-god-film-teaser-release/ka20230710203615390390439|title=ಆಡು ಸ್ವಾಮಿಯ ಮಹಿಮೆ ಸಾರುವ 'ಆಡೇ ನಮ್ God' ಅಂತಿದ್ದಾರೆ ಹಿರಿಯ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕ ಪಿ.ಎಚ್ ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ್|date=10 July 2023|language=kn|work=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]]|access-date=14 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> *[[Ramesh Aravind]] as Mohan<br /> *[[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]] as Shanthi<br /> *[[Chippy Renjith|Shilpa]] as Nirmala<br /> *[[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]]<br /> *[[Padma Vasanthi]]<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by [[Hamsalekha]], and the audio was released under the [[Anand Audio]] label.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/arunodaya-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/998331387|title=Arunodaya (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP|date=1998|work=[[Apple Music]]|access-date=2024-04-14|archive-date=2023-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324192053/https://music.apple.com/us/album/arunodaya-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/998331387|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Latha Hamsalekha]] won the [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/12/17/stories/2001121701550300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102014049/http://www.hindu.com/2001/12/17/stories/2001121701550300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2013-11-02 | location=Bangalore, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Shivaraj, Tara, Anu bag State film awards | date=2001-12-17|access-date=14 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | total_length = 24:16<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Busu Busu Nagappa <br /> | extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]]<br /> | length1 = 4:43<br /> | title2 = Aaha Arunodaya<br /> | extra2 = [[Latha Hamsalekha]]<br /> | length2 = 4:59<br /> | title3 = Uyyale<br /> | extra3 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]<br /> | length3 = 4:31<br /> | title4 = Tantaka Tanatka<br /> | extra4 = Ramesh Chandra<br /> | length4 = 4:58<br /> | title5 = Oh Ho Vayyara<br /> | extra5 = Ramesh Chandra, Archana<br /> | length5 = 4:55<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> A critic from ''Online Bangalore'' wrote that &quot;Director P. H. Vishwanath comes out with another winner in ''Arunodaya''; a please all film which has all the ingredients required to make a competent and good film, and which at the same time retains some class&quot; and called the film &quot;a perfect viewing for Kannada film goers this year end&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;B&quot;/&gt; The critic praised the film's first half, actors' performances (particularly Vijayalakshmi's), music, photography, and dialogues while criticised the film's second half and called the climax &quot;jarring and illogical&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;B&quot;/&gt; Vani Nagendrappa of ''Indiainfo'' wrote &quot;It has a very light-hearted beginning, with comedy interwoven with the main plot. Ramesh is at his best. Vijayalakshmi's acting is very convincing and of course Shilpa's too. Arun's comical role is really praiseworthy. Some scenes in the second half could have been handled differently. Music scored by Hamsalekha is average&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/reviews/south/kannada/arunodaya.html|first=Vani|last=Nagendrappa|access-date=25 December 2025|title=Arunodaya|website=Indiainfo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010714171122/http://movies.indiainfo.com/reviews/south/kannada/arunodaya.html|archive-date=14 July 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> {{P. H. Vishwanath}}<br /> [[Category:1999 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1999 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:1999 romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Hamsalekha]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zindagi_Aur_Khwab&diff=546571 2026-03-04T04:00:11Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Created A Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1961 film by S. Banerji}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Zindagi Aur Khwab<br /> | image = Zindagi Aur Khwab.jpg<br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = S. Banerji<br /> | producer = Dinu M. Desai<br /> | writer = [[Kamal Amrohi]]<br /> | starring = [[Rajendra Kumar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Meena Kumari]]<br /> | music = Dattaram<br /> | cinematography = Dinu M. Desai<br /> | editing = Krishnarao Ambavane &lt;br /&gt; Ram Khade<br /> | distributor = <br /> | studio = <br /> | released = {{Film date|1961|01|20|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = 145 mins<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = {{INRConvert|60|l|year=1961}} &lt;ref name=&quot;boi61&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=167&amp;catName=MTk2MQ== |title=Box Office 1961 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922021755/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=167&amp;catName=MTk2MQ== |archivedate=22 September 2012 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Zindagi Aur Khwab''''' ({{Translation|Life and dreams}}) is a [[1961 in film|1961]] [[Bollywood]] [[Drama Film|drama film]] produced by Dinu M. Desai and directed by S. Banerji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zindagi Aur Khwab (1961) Press Book Bollywood Meena Kumari Rajendra Kumar Jayant |url=https://www.ebay.com/itm/254610634434 |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=eBay |language=en-US |archive-date=28 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428154733/https://www.ebay.com/itm/254610634434 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was declared above average at the box office.&lt;ref name=&quot;boi61&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Dattaram was the [[music director]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zindagi Aur Khwab (1961) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/zindagi-aur-khwab-2919/cast-crew |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=Cinestaan |archive-date=28 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428153949/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/zindagi-aur-khwab-2919/cast-crew |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hit songs from the movie include ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Kehti Hai Jhuki Nazar' ''sung by [[Suman Kalyanpur]].<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The story is about Shanti ([[Meena Kumari]]), an orphan, whose stepmother tortured her. Finally, she was married off to Shankar ([[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]]), who was criminal and much older than her. Shankar Murders Chandabai a Mujrawali and Escapes. Police Chase his Truck, which falls in river and he is presumed dead. Inspector Manoj ([[Rajendra Kumar]]) keeps visiting Shanti for investigation and they both fall in love with each other. Shanti is hoping for a better life, but Shankar appears live and her hopes are dashed.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Rajendra Kumar]] as Inspector Manoj<br /> * [[Meena Kumari]] as Shanti<br /> * [[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]] as Shankar Lal<br /> * [[Agha (actor)|Agha]] as Rasiya<br /> * [[Ajit Khan|Ajit]] as Kailash<br /> * [[Mumtaz Begum (actress)|Mumtaz Begum]] as Gajrabai<br /> * Naazi as Rasili<br /> <br /> ==Crew==<br /> *Director – S. Banerji<br /> *Producer – Dinu M. Desai <br /> *Story – Kamal Amrohi<br /> *Dialogues – Anand Dutta<br /> *Screenplay – Madhusudan Kelkar<br /> *Cinematography – Dinu M. Desai<br /> *Music – Dattaram<br /> *Lyrics – [[Kavi Pradeep]]<br /> *Editing – Ram Khade, Krishnarao Ambhavane<br /> *Art Direction – D. S. Malavankar<br /> *Playback Singers –[[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]], [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Manna Dey]], [[Suman Kalyanpur]], [[Mubarak Begum]], [[Kamal Barot]]<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Zindagi Aur Khwab<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = Dattaram Wadkar<br /> | cover = <br /> | released = <br /> | recorded = Unknown<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Soundtrack|Film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = <br /> | label = <br /> | producer = Dinu M. Desai<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | all_lyrics = [[Kavi Pradeep]]<br /> | all_music = [[Dattaram Wadkar]]<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 20:35<br /> | title1 = Kabhi Kisi Ki Khushian Koi Loote Na<br /> | extra1 = [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]<br /> | length1 = 3:04<br /> | title2 = Kateli Kateli Nasheli Nasheli<br /> | extra2 = [[Suman Kalyanpur]]<br /> | length2 = 3:30<br /> | title3 = Kehti Hai Jhuki Jhuki Nazar<br /> | extra3 = Suman Kalyanpur<br /> | length3 = 3:29<br /> | title4 = Mera Bandar Chala Sasural<br /> | extra4 = [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Kamal Barot]]<br /> | length4 = 3:19<br /> | title5 = Phool Bagiya Men Bhanware Aaye<br /> | extra5 = [[Mubarak Begum]]<br /> | length5 = 3:33<br /> | title6 = Na Jaane Tum Kahan Thay<br /> | extra6 = [[Manna Dey]], Suman Kalyanpur<br /> | length6 = 3:40<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0139749}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1961 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1961 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama films]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{1960s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bandhuvulostunnaru_Jagratha&diff=466377 2026-03-03T19:04:13Z

<p>JulianaThurston: small enhance details to improve readability and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Bandhuvulostunnaru Jagratha<br /> | image = Bandhuvulostunnaru Jagratha.jpg<br /> | caption = Title card<br /> | writer = Satyanand {{small|(dialogues)}}<br /> | story = Girija Sri Bhagawan<br /> | screenplay = Sarath<br /> | producer = Chalasani Sarath Babu<br /> | director = Sarath<br /> | starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Rajani (actress)|Rajani]]<br /> | music = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]<br /> | cinematography = Sarath<br /> | editing = Raghu-Bapu<br /> | studio = Sena Creations<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|1989|1|20}}<br /> | runtime = 120 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Bandhuvulostunnaru Jagratha''''' ({{translation|Relatives are coming, be careful!}}) is a 1989 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by Sarath. It stars [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Rajani (actress)|Rajani]], and music composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]. The film was a box office hit.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The film begins at the [[Madras]], where Chittibabu, an orphan bank employee, always craves family &amp; relatives. So, he approaches his friends and spends his time &amp; money to share affection, but they exploit him. All in the game, he conducts a leave of absence by wisely subduing their Manager, Yeddirajula Naidu. Once, Chittibabu visits his true friend Sudhakar's sister's wedding, where he acquaints &amp; endears Satya, the daughter of Sudhankar's paternal parents, Subba Rao &amp; Annapurna. Subba Rao is a man of courteous foremost in charity &amp; aiding the relatives. He lost everything of their victimization, especially Sundaramma, her son Kisthaiah &amp; daughter-in-law Lakshmi, Surayya &amp; his daughter baby, the Peddakondaiah couple, etc., whose livelihood is looting others through kinship. <br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Sudhakar calls his second aunt, Sitamma, for treatment when Chittibabu takes up the job again, deluding his Manager. Upon which, the love blossoms between turtle doves, and they knit with elders' approval. Soon after, Chittibabu's lifestyle completely changes, and he leads a delightful life with Satya. On the eve of the festival, the Subba Rao couple decides to shift their daughter's residence for absconding from the relatives. Due to hard luck, all the nasty men accost therein, including a nice Bandhu Murthy, whose aim is to tie the genealogy. Chittibabu's heart fills with joy &amp; excitement about acquiring folks. Despite frequent alarms from Sudhakar, he squanders his totality on them as the host. Day by day, it is haywire; he agonizes over his addressing the needs of the narcissists. Plus, they forge connections with Yeddirajula Naidu and ball up at his home, throwing Chittibabu in mortification. Chittibabu, vexed with the circumstances, rebukes Subba Rao for his silence. Anyhow, he comprehends his disability considering the honor. <br /> <br /> Hence, Chittibabu creates a set with several steps of gimmicks such as driving a rift among themselves, luring them to provide costly gifts, etc., with the support of Satya, Sudhakar &amp; Bandhu Murthy. Above all, they establish a nonexisting treasure, which they bestow to one who serves them &amp; elders till the festival. From there, the sly pretends a fake affection &amp; adoration and provides a tenderest hospitality. Chittibabu intentionally unveils his play before those, and they are about to quit with resentment. Whereat, Chittibabu is about to be apprehended for heisting bank money for the guests' upkeep when these covetous cut the cord. Thus, he opens it up as his other ball when all the men die out of regret and walk out seeking pardon. At last, Chittibabu bars them by announcing the values of relation, and they celebrate the spending festival. Finally, the movie ends comically with a new kinship landing for Chittibabu while giving a send-off to the past.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Colbegin}}<br /> *[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Chittibabu<br /> *[[Rajani (actress)|Rajani]] as Satya <br /> *[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Subba Rao<br /> *[[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Surayya<br /> *[[Gollapudi Maruti Rao]] as Chittibabu's distant relative <br /> *[[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as Sudhakar <br /> *[[Suthi Velu]] as Kistayya<br /> *[[Brahmanandam]] as Bandhu Murthy<br /> *[[Raavi Kondala Rao]] as Pedda Kondaiah <br /> *[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as Yeddirajula Naidu<br /> *[[Chitti Babu Punyamurthula|Chitti Babu]] as Chittibabu's friend<br /> *[[Potti Prasad]] as Chittibabu's friend<br /> *Satti Babu as Sarveswara Rao<br /> *[[Suryakantam (actress)|Suryakantham]] as Sundaramma<br /> *[[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapurna]] as Annapurna <br /> *[[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Sri Lakshmi]] as Lakshmi<br /> *Radha Kumari as Pedda Kondaiah's wife <br /> *Tatineni Rajeswari as Seetamma<br /> *Kalpana Rai as Mary / Mangatayaru<br /> *[[Y. Vijaya]] as Baby<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Bandhuvulostunnaru Jagratha<br /> | type = film<br /> | artist = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 1989<br /> | recorded =<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = Soundtrack<br /> | length = 22:52<br /> | label = AMC Audio<br /> | producer = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]<br /> | prev_title = Mamathala Kovela<br /> | prev_year = 1989<br /> | next_title = Yamapasam<br /> | next_year = 1989<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Music composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]. Lyrics were written by [[Veturi]]. Music is released on AMC Audia Company&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bandhuvulostunnaru Jagratha - 12 Inch LP Unused |url=https://vintagestore.in/products/bandhuvulostunnaru-jagratha-12-inch-lp-unused |access-date=26 December 2022 |website=vintagestore.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bandhuvulostunnaru Jagratha (1989) |url=https://mio.to//album/Bandhuvulostunnaru+Jagratha+%281989%29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226042728/https://mio.to//album/Bandhuvulostunnaru+Jagratha+(1989) |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 December 2022 |access-date=26 December 2022 |website=Music India Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !S. No!!Song title !!Singers !!length<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |&quot;Maa Siriki Mee Hariki&quot;<br /> |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]<br /> |3:51<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |&quot;Andala&quot;<br /> |S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela<br /> |4:35<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |&lt;nowiki&gt;''Aa Aa Ho''&lt;/nowiki&gt;<br /> |S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela<br /> |4:09<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |&quot;Madhura Madana&quot;<br /> |S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela<br /> |4:18<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |&quot;Mundhu Pakka&quot;<br /> |S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela<br /> |4:02<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |&quot;Bandhuvulostunnaru Jagratha&quot;<br /> |S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br /> |3:52<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{Rotten Tomatoes|bhanduvulostunnaru_jagratha}}<br /> {{Sarath (director)}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1989 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1989 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1989 comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:1989 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Sarath]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy films]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sundarakanda_(2008_film)&diff=456344 2026-03-03T18:13:53Z

<p>JulianaThurston: improve content per standard format also and updated info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Sundarakanda<br /> | image =<br /> | caption =<br /> | director = [[Bapu (director)|Bapu]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | writer = [[Mullapudi Venkata Ramana]]<br /> | narrator =<br /> | starring = [[Charmme Kaur|Charmi]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Allari Naresh]]<br /> | music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]<br /> | cinematography = P. R. K. Raju<br /> | editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]<br /> | studio =<br /> | distributor =<br /> | released = {{Film date|2008|02|08|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime =<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | budget =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Sundarakanda''''' is a 2008 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama film]] directed by [[Bapu (director)|Bapu]], starring [[Charmme Kaur]] and [[Allari Naresh]]. The story is provided by [[Mullapudi Venkata Ramana|Mullapudi Ramana]] and music by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]. This film is the remake of Hollywood film ''[[What a Girl Wants (film)|What a Girl Wants]]'' (2003).&lt;ref name=&quot;R&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Pinky ([[Charmme Kaur|Charmi]]) is the daughter of Sita ([[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]]), who keeps away from her husband. On Pinky's insistence, Sita reveals the past. She met Raja Ravivarma (Sunil Sharma), the son of Zamindar Surendra Varma ([[Ranganath (actor)|Ranganath]]) on a study tour of a tribal village. They fell in love and got married then and there. His son's marriage with Sita, a commoner, gave such a shock to Surendra Varma that he lost the use of his legs. Ravivarma's mother Bharati ([[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangeetha]]) pleaded with Sita to leave the palace to save the family honor. After Sita left, Bhushanam (Vizag Prasad), Surendra Varma's brother-in-law, raises a hue and cry that Sita stole gold ornaments from the palace and escaped. Being so discredited even in the eyes of her love and husband, she stayed away.<br /> <br /> Now, the story revolves around Pinky's efforts to reunite her parents. She is a lively girl trying to make friends with her father's family. She pretends to be sent by the party bosses to pick the candidate for minister's post. She dabbles in this political charade with the help of Naresh ([[Allari Naresh]]), a journalist. Her father's opponent Kota ([[Kota Srinivasa Rao]]), who is also an aspiring candidate for the Chief Minister post, and his mates provide the comedy and political satire. She succeeds in reuniting the family and exposing the villains. Music with lyrics reminding one of the tribal idiom is a treat. The visuals with the rustic outdoor and the heavily ornate interiors of a feudal gentry have the stamp of [[Bapu (director)|Bapu]].<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> * [[Charmme Kaur|Charmi]] as Pinky<br /> * [[Allari Naresh]] as Naresh, journalist<br /> * [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]] as Sita<br /> * Sunil Sharma as Raja Ravi Varma<br /> * [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Kota<br /> * [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangeetha]] as Bharathi<br /> * [[Vizag Prasad]] as Bhushanam<br /> * [[Ranganath (actor)|Ranganath]] as Zamindar Surendra Varma<br /> * [[Kondavalasa Lakshmana Rao]]<br /> * [[Chittajalu Lakshmipati]]<br /> * [[L. B. Sriram]]<br /> * [[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]]<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Sundarakanda<br /> | type = [[Soundtrack]]<br /> | artist = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 25 January 2008<br /> | recorded = [[Varsha Vallaki Studios]]<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Feature Film Soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 17:18<br /> | language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | label = [[Aditya Music]]<br /> | producer = Vidyasagar<br /> | prev_title = [[Pirivom Santhippom]]<br /> | prev_year = 2008<br /> | next_title = [[Mulla (film)|Mulla]]<br /> | next_year = 2008<br /> }}<br /> The music was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]].<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singers <br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Aaku Vakka&quot; || [[S. P. Sailaja]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Okato Yeta Rendo&quot; || [[K. S. Chithra]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Eloo Eloo Vuyyala&quot; || [[Sadhana Sargam]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kalagantini&quot; || [[K. S. Chithra]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;HamPattu Devudandi&quot; || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that &quot;Anyone who respect for Bapu - Ramana, for their great earlier movies, feel disappointed with this old-fashioned flick&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/sundarakanda-review-telugu-pclw4Hbhhegba.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411092803/https://www.sify.com/movies/sundarakanda-review-telugu-pclw4Hbhhegba.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2022|title = Sundarakanda|website=[[Sify]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that &quot;''Sundarakanda'' is certainly not a Bapu film&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/feb/08sssundar.htm|title = Review: Sundarakanda|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=8 February 2008|first=G. P. Aditya|last=Vardhan}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|1153117}}<br /> <br /> {{Bapu (film director)}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2008 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2008 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Bapu]]<br /> [[Category:Films with screenplays by Mullapudi Venkata Ramana]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{2000s-Telugu-film-stub}}</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satkai&diff=533488 2026-03-01T03:11:16Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Created New Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Satkai<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_map = Firozabad block Satkai.png<br /> | map_caption = Map showing Satkai in Firozabad block<br /> | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|27.06597|N|78.45619|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = [[India]]<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 A&quot;/&gt;<br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 0.773<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 250<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 A&quot;/&gt;<br /> | demographics_type1 = <br /> | demographics1_title1 = <br /> | demographics1_info1 = <br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 283203<br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Satkai''' ({{IAST|Satkaī}}) is a village in [[Firozabad]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh. It is located southeast of Firozabad. As of 2011, it had a population of 250, in 41 households.<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> Satkai is located southeast of Firozabad and is surrounded by level farmland.&lt;!-- Survey of India map G44A8 --&gt; The village of [[Kindarpur]] is located very close to the northwest; farther off to the west is [[Pempur Anandipur]], and to the southwest is [[Piluwa]].&lt;!-- Survey of India map G44A8 --&gt; To the northeast is the village of [[Matsena]], and to the southeast is [[Wazirpur Anandipur]].&lt;!-- Survey of India map G44A8 --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Survey of India map G44A8&quot;&gt;{{cite map |author=[[Survey of India]] |title=Open Series Map No. G44A8 |date=2005 |scale=1:50,000 |type=[[Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system|Universal Transverse Mercator]] projection |edition=1st}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> As of 2011, Satkai had a population of 250, in 41 households.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 A&quot;/&gt;{{rp|126}} This population was 58.4% male (146) and 41.6% female (104).&lt;!-- Census 2011 B, p. 110 --&gt; The 0–6 age group numbered 48 (23 male and 25 female), making up 19.2% of the total population.&lt;!-- Census 2011 B, p. 116 --&gt; 97 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 38.8% of the total.&lt;!-- Census 2011 B, p. 116 --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 B&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|116-7}}<br /> <br /> The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Satkai as having a population of 174 people (94 male and 80 female), in 25 households and 25 physical houses.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1981&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village &amp; Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|196-7}}<br /> <br /> The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Satkai as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 109 people (61 male and 48 female), in 12 households and 8 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 191 acres.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|xcvi}}<br /> <br /> == Infrastructure ==<br /> As of 2011, Satkai did not have any schools or healthcare facilities.&lt;!-- Census 2011 A, p. 126-7 --&gt; Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/bore well; there were no public toilets.&lt;!-- Census 2011 A, p. 128 --&gt; The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for residential and agricultural (but not commercial) purposes.&lt;!-- Census 2011 A, p. 129, 31 --&gt; Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.&lt;!-- Census 2011 A, p. 130 --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011 A&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|126-31}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Firozabad district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhoa_Assembly_constituency&diff=463107 2026-02-22T05:06:32Z

<p>JulianaThurston: fixed page as per guidelines and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Bhoa<br /> | map_image = 2-Bhoa.svg<br /> | state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /> | district = [[Pathankot district|Pathankot]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Gurdaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurdaspur]]<br /> | reservation = SC<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 2<br /> | mla = [[Lal Chand Kataruchakk]] <br /> | party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br /> | electors = {{formatnum:182915}} (in 2022){{update after|2026|02}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Bhoa''' is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] constituency in [[Pathankot district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state, India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |title=List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies |accessdate=19 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |archivedate=23 April 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It covers [[Bhoa village]]. In 2022, it had {{formatnum:182915}} electors.<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]<br /> | [[Seema Kumari]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<br /> | [[Joginder Pal]]&lt;ref name=election2017/&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] <br /> | [[Lal Chand Kataruchakk]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> ===2022===<br /> &lt;!-- this section is transcluded on Electoral history of the MLA --&gt; &lt;section begin=&quot;Assembly Election 2022&quot;/&gt; <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2022]]: Bhoa}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Aam Aadmi Party<br /> |candidate = [[Lal Chand Kataruchakk]]<br /> |votes = 50,339<br /> |percentage = 36.59<br /> |change = {{increase}}33.71<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Joginder Pal]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Punjab INC 2022&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Congress Candidates and their Constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-congress-candidates/2407341/ |access-date=18 February 2022 |work=FE Online |agency=The Indian Express Group |issue=The Financial Express (India) |date=February 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;|votes=49,135|percentage=35.72|change={{decrease}}14.43}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Seema Kumari]]|votes=29,132|percentage=21.18|change={{decrease}}9.72}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Rakesh Kumar Majotara|votes=5,046|percentage=3.67|change={{increase}}3.14}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=749|percentage=0.54|change={{increase}}0.19}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=1,204|percentage=0.87|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=137572|percentage=|change=}} <br /> {{Election box registered electors<br /> |reg. electors = {{formatnum:182915}} <br /> |ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Punjab Election 2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link no swing |winner = Aam Aadmi Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br /> {{Election box end}}&lt;section end=&quot;Assembly Election 2022&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2017===<br /> &lt;!-- this section is transcluded on Electoral history of the MLA --&gt; &lt;section begin=&quot;Assembly Election 2017&quot;/&gt; <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Bhoa&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/members/detail/7|title= Bhoa Assembly election result, 2017|accessdate= 13 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=election2017&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Joginder Pal]]<br /> |votes = 67,865<br /> |percentage = 51.95<br /> |change = {{increase}}16.60<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Seema Kumari]]<br /> |votes = 40,369<br /> |percentage = 30.90<br /> |change = {{decrease}}15.64<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Revolutionary Marxist Party of India<br /> |candidate = [[Lal Chand Kataruchakk|Lal Chand Kataru Chak]]<br /> |votes = 13,353<br /> |percentage = 10.22<br /> |change = ''new''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Aam Aadmi Party<br /> |candidate = Amarjeet Singh<br /> |votes = 3,767<br /> |percentage = 2.88<br /> |change = ''new''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above]]<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |votes = 454<br /> |percentage = 0.35<br /> |change = --<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 27,496<br /> |percentage = 20.97 <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 131,091<br /> |percentage = 75.20<br /> |change = {{increase}}3.88<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors<br /> |reg. electors = {{formatnum:174313}} <br /> |ref=&lt;ref name=electors&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}&lt;section end=&quot;Assembly Election 2017&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2012===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2012]]: Bhoa&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/punjab/sujanpur-mla-results |title=Sujanpur Election Result 2012, Winner, Sujanpur MLA, Punjab |date= |author= |access-date= 27 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=election2012&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2012 |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2012 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Seema Kumari]]<br /> |votes = 50,503<br /> |percentage = 46.54<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Balbir Ram <br /> |votes = 38,355<br /> |percentage = 35.35<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent politician<br /> |candidate = Ram Lal<br /> |votes = 7,508<br /> |percentage = 6.92<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent politician<br /> |candidate = Lal Chand<br /> |votes = 5,624<br /> |percentage = 5.18<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Amarjit Singh <br /> |votes = 2,841<br /> |percentage = 2.62<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Gurdev Singh<br /> |votes = 2,779<br /> |percentage = 2.56<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=12,148|percentage=11.19|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=108,512|percentage=71.32|change=''New''}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box new seat win|<br /> |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing=}}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}} <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}<br /> {{coord|32.25|75.53|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:Pathankot district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies established in 2012]]<br /> [[Category:2012 establishments in Punjab, India]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chakravyuha&diff=471995 2026-02-15T19:39:12Z

<p>JulianaThurston: expanded content per sources for consistency</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Military formation used to surround enemies, depicted in the Mahabharata}}<br /> {{other uses}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=June 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}<br /> [[File:Chakravyuha-labyrinth.svg|right|250px|thumb|A depiction of the Padmavyūha or Chakravyūha formation as a [[labyrinth]]]]<br /> [[File:The Pandavas' nephew Abhimanyu battles the Kauravas and their allies.jpg|thumb|[[Abhimanyu]] while entering the [[Kaurava]]'s chakravyūha]]<br /> <br /> The '''Padmavyūha''' ({{langx|sa|पद्मव्यूह}}) or '''Chakravyūha''' ({{langx|sa|चक्रव्यूह}}) is a [[military formation]] used to surround enemies, depicted in the Hindu epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. It resembles a [[labyrinth]] of multiple [[defensive wall]]s.<br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> {{Unreferenced section|date=July 2021|reason=The only cited source lists it as circular formation of soldiers}}<br /> The Padmavyūha is a multi-tiered defensive formation that looks like a blooming [[Lotus (plant)|lotus]] ({{lang|sa|पद्म}} {{Transliteration|sa|padma}}) or disc ({{lang|sa|चक्र}} {{Transliteration|sa|chakra}}) when viewed from above.&lt;ref name=Madan&gt;{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/81 81]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; The warriors at each interleaving position would be in an increasingly tough position to fight against. The formation was used in the battle of [[Kurukshetra]] by [[Drona]]charya, who became commander-in-chief of the [[Kaurava]] army after the fall of [[Bhishma]] Pitamaha.<br /> <br /> The various [[vyūha]]s (military formations) were studied by the Kauravas and [[Pandava]]s alike. Most of them can be beaten using a counter-measure targeted specifically against that formation. In the form of battle described in the ''Mahabharata'', it was important to place powerful fighters in positions where they could inflict maximum damage to the opposing force, or defend their own side. As per this military strategy, a specific stationary object or a moving object or person could be captured, surrounded and fully secured during battle.<br /> <br /> The formation begins with two soldiers standing back-to-back, with other such set of soldiers standing at a distance of three hands, drawing up seven circles and culminating in the end which is the place where the captured person or object is to be kept. In order to form the Chakravyuha, the commander has to identify soldiers who will form this formation. The number of soldiers to be deployed and the size of the Chakravyuha is calculated as per the resistance estimated. Once drawn, the foremost soldiers come on either side of the opponent to be captured, engage briefly and then advance. Their place is taken up by the next soldiers on either side, who again engage the opponent briefly and then advance. In this fashion, a number of soldiers pass the enemy and proceed in a circular pattern. By the time the rear of the formation arrives, the oblivious enemy is surrounded on all sides by seven tiers of soldiers. The last soldiers of the formation give the signal of having completed the Chakravyuha. On the signal, every soldier who so far has been facing outwards turns inwards to face the opponent. It is only then that the captured enemy realizes his captivity. The army can continue to maintain the circular formation while leading the captive away.<br /> <br /> == Abhimanyu and the Chakravyūha ==<br /> <br /> The Chakravyūha or Padmavyūha was a very special formation ({{Transliteration|sa|vyuha}}), and knowledge of how to penetrate it was limited to only a handful of warriors on the Pandavas' side, namely: [[Abhimanyu]], [[Arjuna]], [[Krishna]] and [[Pradyumna]], of whom only Abhimanyu was present when the Kauravas used it on the battlefield.<br /> <br /> A pivotal episode involving the Padmavyūha is the valiant but tragic attempt by Abhimanyu, the son of Arjuna, to breach it. While still in his mother's womb, Abhimanyu overheard Arjuna discussing the method to penetrate the formation but did not learn the means to exit it. During the battle, in Arjuna's absence, Abhimanyu entered the Padmavyūha to support the Pandavas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abhimanyu and the Padmavyuha |date=3 July 2015 |url=https://www.templepurohit.com/abhimanyu-and-the-chakravyuha-padmavyuha-mahabharata}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After Abhimanyu had penetrated the sixth tier of the formation, all the Kauravas' commanders attacked him simultaneously, which was against the righteous rules of warfare [[Dharmayuddha]], and gradually exhausted and killed him.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07031.htm|title=The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona Parva: Abhimanyu-badha Parva: Section XXXI|website=www.sacred-texts.com|access-date=2016-10-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{multiple image<br /> | align = center<br /> | direction = horizontal<br /> | width = 300<br /> | header = <br /> | image1 = Halebid2.JPG<br /> | alt1 = <br /> | caption1 = Intricate rock carvings show [[Abhimanyu]] entering the Chakra vyuha<br /> | image2 = Abhimanyu kill in Chakra-vyuha of karvas , made by mughal artists Daswanth and tara.jpg<br /> | alt2 = <br /> | caption2 = Chakravyuha, folio from the ''[[Razmnama]]''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Connection to Indian sports ===<br /> It has been noted that the skills used by Abhimanyu to penetrate the Chakravyuha likely have a connection to those used in [[Traditional games of India|traditional Indian games]] such as [[kabaddi]] and [[kho-kho]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Nag, Utathya (24 June 2022). [https://olympics.com/en/news/kho-kho-history-rules-how-to-play &quot;Kho Kho, a kabaddi-like sport linked with Indian epic Mahabharata - know all about it&quot;.] ''Olympics.com''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arasu |first=S. T. |date=2010-02-18 |title=History of Kabaddi |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/kabaddi/history-of-kabaddi |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Upmanyu |first=Kabir |date=2017-07-31 |title=What Are The Origins of Kabaddi And How'd it Get so Big so Fast? |url=https://www.thequint.com/sports/sports-buzz/mythology-origins-history-kabaddi-pro-league-2017 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-03-23 |title='NBA prez got me thinking seriously about kabaddi' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/nba-president-got-me-thinking-seriously-about-kabaddi/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Abhimanyu]]<br /> *[[Akshauhini]]<br /> * [[Historicity of the Mahabharata]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Mahabharata}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Kurukshetra War]]<br /> [[Category:Tactical formations]]<br /> [[Category:Labyrinths]]<br /> [[Category:Mazes]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishna_Kumari_(princess)&diff=450739 2026-02-15T05:41:16Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Improved article clarity and structure</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Princess of Udaipur (1794–1810)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox royalty<br /> | name = Krishna Kumari<br /> | title =<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1794|03|10|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Udaipur]], [[Udaipur State]]<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|1810|07|21|1794|03|10|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = Udaipur, Udaipur State<br /> | father = [[Bhim Singh of Mewar]]<br /> | mother =<br /> | religion = [[Hinduism]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Krishna Kumari''' (1794 – 21 July 1810) was a Rajput princess of the [[Udaipur State]] in the [[Mewar]] region of India. A daughter of [[Bhim Singh of Mewar|Bhim Singh]] of Udaipur, she was [[engagement|engaged]] to [[Bhim Singh of Marwar|Bhim Singh]] of [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]] at a young age. After the premature death of the groom-to-be in 1803, she was sought by multiple suitors, including [[Man Singh of Marwar|Man Singh]] of Jodhpur and [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh]] of [[Jaipur State|Jaipur]].<br /> <br /> The rivalry between her suitors ultimately escalated into a war involving the Rajput rulers of Udaipur, Jodhpur, and Jaipur; as well as [[Daulat Rao Sindhia]] of [[Gwalior State|Gwalior]], [[Yashwant Rao Holkar]] of [[Indore State|Indore]] and [[Amir Khan (Nawab of Tonk)|Amir Khan]] [[Pindari]] of [[Tonk State|Tonk]]. In 1810, when Amir Khan Pindari attacked Udaipur on behalf of Man Singh, 16-year old Krishna agreed to be poisoned to death, to put an end to the war.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> <br /> Krishna Kumari was one of the several daughters of [[Bhim Singh of Mewar|Bhim Singh]], the [[Rajput]] ruler of the [[Udaipur State|Udaipur]] princely state in the [[Mewar]] region.{{sfn|R.S. Chaurasia|2004|p=180}} In 1799, at the age of 5, she was engaged to [[Bhim Singh of Marwar|Bhim Singh]], the Rajput ruler of the [[Jodhpur State]] in the [[Marwar]] region.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=74}} However, the groom-to-be died prematurely in 1803.{{sfn|Kanchan Mathur|2004|p=76}}<br /> <br /> == Conflict among suitors ==<br /> <br /> After the death of Bhim Singh of Jodhpur, his cousin [[Man Singh of Marwar|Man Singh]] succeeded him on the throne. Man Singh revoked an [[appanage]] that his predecessor had granted to Kishan Singh, a relative of Krishna's father Bhim Singh. This annoyed Krishna's father, Bhim Singh of Udaipur.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=74}}<br /> <br /> Krishna's father [[arranged marriage|arranged]] her engagement with [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh]], the Rajput ruler of the [[Jaipur State]].{{sfn|Kanchan Mathur|2004|p=76}} Jagat Singh had become an adversary of Man Singh by supporting a rival claim to the throne of Jodhpur.{{sfn|R.S. Chaurasia|2004|p=180}} Man Singh argued that Krishna was engaged to the ruler of Jodhpur, and therefore, should be married to him instead of Jagat Singh.{{sfn|Kanchan Mathur|2004|p=76}} Krishna's father rejected Man Singh's demand, and sent representatives to Jaipur to finalize her engagement with Jagat Singh.{{sfn|Kanchan Mathur|2004|p=76}}<br /> <br /> === Sindhia's intervention ===<br /> <br /> Man Singh then threatened to invade Mewar, and enlisted the support of [[Daulat Rao Sindhia]], the Maratha ruler of the [[Gwalior State]], by paying a [[tribute]]. With help of Sindhia's commander Sarjerao Ghatge, Man Singh threatened Amar Singh of [[Shahpura State|Shahpura]], a feudatory of Bhim Singh of Udaipur. At this time Bhim Singh's representatives were passing through Shahpura on their way to Jaipur, and Man Singh forced Amar Singh to send them back to Udaipur.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=75}}<br /> <br /> Subsequently, Sindhia personally intervened in the dispute, hoping to play an active role in the Rajput politics. He advised Krishna's father Bhim Singh to give one of his daughters in marriage to Man Singh of Jodhpur and another to Jagat Singh of Jaipur. Sindhia also recommended that if the two suitors rejected this proposal, the dispute be resolved by involving the neighbouring rulers as arbitrators.{{sfn|R.S. Chaurasia|2004|p=180}} By this time, Jagat Singh's forces had reached Udaipur, which emboldened Bhim Singh into rejecting Sindhia's proposal. Sindhia then invaded the Udaipur kingdom, and forced Bhim Singh into signing a treaty at [[Nathdwara]] on 7 May 1806.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=76}}<br /> <br /> At one point, Sindhia himself offered to marry Krishna, but the Rajputs disapproved of this proposal.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=76}} [[Baiza Bai]], one of Sindhia's wives, also opposed the proposal, arguing that the Rajputs would not agree to such a marriage without warfare.{{sfn|R.S. Chaurasia|2004|p=46}} Sindhia later withdrew his proposal to marry Krishna. [[Yashwant Rao Holkar]], the Maratha ruler of the [[Indore State]] and a rival of Sindhia, also decided to take advantage of this conflict to demand tributes from the Rajputs. This irked Krishna's father Bhim Singh, who refused to pay tribute to either of the Maratha rulers.{{sfn|R.S. Chaurasia|2004|p=180}} Sindhia retreated from the Udaipur kingdom, fearing hostility from the Rajputs as well as Holkar.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=76}}<br /> <br /> === Holkar's intervention ===<br /> <br /> After Sindhia's retreat, Holkar offered to arbitrate the dispute. He advised that Krishna Kumari be married to someone other than Man Singh and Jagat Singh, but with the consent of these two rulers; in addition, Jagat Singh would marry a sister of Man Singh. However, Jagat Singh rejected this proposal, and insisted on marrying Krishna. Subsequently, he signed an agreement with Holkar, who promised not to object to his marriage to Krishna, and to support Jaipur against a possible attack from Sindhia.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=76}} Later, Jagat Singh also won Sindhia over to his side by promising him 1 million rupees. In addition, he enlisted the support of Surat Singh of [[Bikaner State]] and [[Amir Khan (Nawab of Tonk)|Amir Khan]] [[Pindari]] of [[Tonk State]].{{sfn|R.S. Chaurasia|2004|p=180}} Man Singh tried to win over Holkar to his side, but Holkar decided to remain neutral.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=77}}<br /> <br /> === Outbreak of war ===<br /> <br /> The dispute over Krishna was being closely monitored by the [[East India Company]]. The company's Accountant General [[Henry St George Tucker (financier)|Henry St George Tucker]], in a March 1806 letter to [[Sir George Robinson, 1st Baronet|George Robinson]], had mentioned that the Rajput kings were about to &quot;take up arms for the purpose of deciding their claims to the fair hand of the Princess&quot;. Tucker expressed the possibility of a conflict involving the Rajput states, as well as Sindhia and Holkar, which would &quot;make a very desirable diversion&quot; in the favour of the company.{{sfn|Edward Thompson|2017|p=211}}<br /> <br /> As predicted by Tucker, the conflict between Krishna's suitors ultimately escalated into a full-fledged war. Jagat Singh marched against Jodhpur, and declared Bhim Singh's [[posthumous child|posthumous son]] Dhonkal Singh as the rightful ruler of Jodhpur. He also convinced Holkar to remain neutral by offering a payment of 1 million rupees.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=77}} Although Jagat Singh suffered some initial reverses, his army ultimately besieged Jodhpur in May 1807.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|pp=77-78}} Man Singh escaped to [[Jalore]], and unsuccessfully tried to form an alliance with the East India Company. Soon after this, Jagat Singh's army was forced to leave Jodhpur because of scarcity of water, and because of defections by several [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]]s, Sarjerao Ghatge and Amir Khan.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=78}}<br /> <br /> In January 1808, Jagat Singh's pro-Holkar minister Ratan Lal tried to secure Holkar's support by offering a tribute of 1 million rupees, but Holkar declined the offer.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=79}} Under his influence, Jagat Singh refused to pay a tribute to Sindhia, which prompted Sindhia to invade Jaipur and extract a heavy tribute.{{sfn|R.S. Chaurasia|2004|p=181}} Sindhia also attacked Udaipur, and defeated the forces of Krishna's father Bhim Singh.{{sfn|Kanchan Mathur|2004|p=76}}<br /> <br /> === Man Singh - Amir Khan's invasion ===<br /> <br /> Amir Khan, who had defected to Man Singh's side for money, helped consolidated Man Singh's control over the throne of Jodhpur.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=78}} In April 1810, Amir Khan demanded tribute from Udaipur and Jaipur, and invaded Udaipur. At that time, the prominent nobles of Udaipur were fighting among themselves for political power, and therefore, Udaipur forces could not put up a strong defence.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=79}} Amir Khan devastated and burned the villages of the Udaipur kingdom.{{sfn|Padmaja Sharma|1972|p=89}} He then sent a message to Krishna's father Bhim Singh demanding that Krishna be either married to Man Singh or killed, because as long as she lived, there would be no peace.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=79}} He threatened to destroy Bhim Singh's kingdom if this demand was not met.{{sfn|Padmaja Sharma|1972|p=89}}<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> <br /> According to a contemporary British account published in the ''Asiatic Annual Register for 1810-11'', Amir Khan came up with the suggestion to poison Krishna &quot;as the only mode of at once settling all their pretensions, and terminating the ten years' war, which this second [[Helen of Troy|Helen]] had excited.&quot;{{sfn|R. K. Gupta|S. R. Bakshi|2008|p=284}} It is believed that the nobles of Mewar felt that the marriage would bring dishonour if it was allowed, they advised Bhim Singh that it was better to let Krishna die than suffer the supposed dishonour of having her married to Man Singh Rathore.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=79}}<br /> <br /> Bhim Singh determined that his daughter's death was necessary for establishing peace, and Krishna agreed to die by poisoning.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=80}} She died of poisoning on 21 July 1810.{{sfn|Kanchan Mathur|2004|p=76}} The ''Asiatic Annual Register'' report states that her aunt administered poison to her, with the knowledge of her father.{{sfn|R. K. Gupta|S. R. Bakshi|2008|p=284}} The report describes her death as &quot;the most important political event which has lately occurred in [[Hindustan]]&quot;.{{sfn|R. K. Gupta|S. R. Bakshi|2008|p=283}}<br /> <br /> After Krishna's death, Amir Khan, the [[Chundawat]] chiefs and the Marathas fought among themselves for control of Mewar. The Udaipur State ultimately sought help from [[East India Company|the British]], and agreed to become a British protectorate in January 1818.{{sfn|Tej Kumar Mathur|1987|p=81}} The other parties involved in the conflict also accepted British suzerainty within a decade of her death.<br /> <br /> ==News of the princess reaches London==<br /> The circumstances of the princess's death were introduced to the British public by Major-General Sir [[John Malcolm]] in ''A Memoir of Central India'', 1824.&lt;ref&gt;Eclectic Review, VOL. XXII, July–December 1824, p. 128. From a review of ''A Memoir of Central India, including Malwa, and the adjoining Provinces; with the History and copious Illustrations of the past and present Condition of that Country.'' By Major-General Sir John Malcolm, G.C.B. K.L.S. 2 vols. 8vo. Second Edition. Map. pp. 1127. London, 1824.&lt;/ref&gt; He states that his account was drawn from several persons who were on the spot at the time and he gives the princess's name as Kishen Kower.<br /> <br /> Another source of information in Britain was [[Amir Khan (Tonk State)|Amir Khan]], an active participant as noted above, whose memoirs were translated from the Persian and published in 1832. He gives her name as Kishen Koomaree (probably the correct historical pronunciation of Kumari). Amir Khan's account of her final moments states that: 'Accordingly, having bathed, and dressed herself in new and gay attire, she drank off the poison, and so gave up her precious life, earning the perpetual praise, and admiration of mankind.'&lt;ref&gt;''Memoirs of the Puthan Soldier of Fortune the Nuwab Ameer-Ood-Doulah Mohummud Ameer Khan, Chief of Seronj, Tonk, Rampoora, Neemahera, and Other Places in Hindoostan''. Calcutta, 1832. Book 8, Chapter III.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> From these accounts it became common knowledge in Britain. The Asiatic Journal, June 1835, in an article on Oodipore refers to the 'well-known fate of the beautiful Kishen Kower, or Krishna Komari.'&lt;ref&gt;Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register, for British and Foreign India, China and Australasia. Vol. XVII.-New Series, May–August, 1835. June, p.90&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==The literary response in Britain==<br /> The impact of this event on British culture is discussed by Máire ni Fhlathúin in her ''British India and Victorian Literary Culture''&lt;ref&gt;''British India and Victorian Literary Culture.'' Máire ni Fhlathúin, 2015, pp. 142-149.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The first recorded poem on the subject, entitled ''Kishen Kower'', is by Mrs. G. G. Richardson ([[Catherine Eliza Richardson]]) in her ''Poems'' of 1828.&lt;ref&gt;Poems by Mrs G. G. Richardson, 1828, pp.109-112.&lt;/ref&gt; This is a fragment and only deals with Kishen Kower's death and what followed.<br /> <br /> [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]] tells the story within ''The Zenana'', again under the heading ''Kishen Kower''&lt;ref&gt;Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1834. pp. 21-24.&lt;/ref&gt; (and giving apologies for the anachronism, as the main action of this long poem is set much earlier). She introduces the princess's taking of the poison with the lines:<br /> {{wikisource|Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1834/The Zenana - Kishen Kower|'Kishen Kower', a poem within 'The Zenana'&lt;br&gt;by L. E. L}}<br /> <br /> * And the blood of her race rushes dark to her brow,&lt;br&gt;The spirit of heroes has entered her now.&lt;br&gt;'Bring the death-cup, and never for my sake shall shame&lt;br&gt;Quell the pride of my house, or dishonour its name.'<br /> <br /> Máire ni Fhlathúin also includes versions by Anna Maria Mowatt (''Kishen Kowur''), [[Henry Thoby Prinsep]] (''Kishen Koomaree, Princess of Oodeepoor'') and Lieut.-Col. G. Poulett Cameron (in his The Romance of Military Life, 1853, ''Kishen Kower'').&lt;ref&gt;The Romance of Military Life being Souvenirs connecting with Thirty Years' Service by Lieut.-Col. G. Poulett Cameron C.B. K.C.T.S. &amp;&amp;, 1853.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Two other prose versions can be found. The first in the Court Journal for 1835 (as ''Kishen Kower'', anonymously).&lt;ref&gt;Court Journal. Vol. 7, 1835, pp. 52-53&lt;/ref&gt; In this version, the princess survives two cups of the poison but is then stabbed to death by a kinsman. A second, more extended version of the story, appeared in The East India Sketch-book, 1836 (Elizabeth Bruce Elton Smith), entitled ''The Three Moons''.&lt;ref&gt;''The East India Sketch-book'' by Elizabeth Bruce Elton Smith, 1836, pp. 193-217&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> === Bibliography ===<br /> <br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Edward Thompson |title=The Making of the Indian Princes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-2fDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT211 |year=2017 |orig-year=1943 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |isbn=978-1-351-96604-7 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Kanchan Mathur |title=Countering Gender Violence: Initiatives Towards Collective Action in Rajasthan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8PiHAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA76 |year=2004 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-81-321-0329-5 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Padmaja Sharma |title=Maharaja Man Singh of Jodhpur and his times (1803-1843 A.D.) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36s5AQAAIAAJ |year=1972 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala |oclc=574825674 }}<br /> * {{cite book |editor1=R. K. Gupta |editor2=S. R. Bakshi |title=Rajasthan Through the Ages |volume=4: Jaipur Rulers and Administration |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DLQeSBLpUwsC&amp;pg=PA283 |year=2008 |publisher=Sarup &amp; Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-841-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=R.S. Chaurasia |title=History of the Marathas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D_v3Y7hns8QC&amp;pg=PA46 |year=2004 |publisher=Atlantic |isbn=978-81-269-0394-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Tanuja Kothiyal |title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA113 |year=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-08031-7 |page=113 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Tej Kumar Mathur |title=Feudal Polity in Mewar, 1750-1850 A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PR4uAAAAMAAJ |year=1987 |publisher=Publication Scheme |isbn=9788185263328 |oclc=18730081 }}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kumari, Krishna}}<br /> [[Category:Sisodia dynasty]]<br /> [[Category:1794 births]]<br /> [[Category:1810 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian female royalty]]<br /> [[Category:Deaths by poisoning]]<br /> [[Category:Rajput princesses]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Gujarati_films_of_2023&diff=512327 2026-02-05T05:11:23Z

<p>JulianaThurston: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|List of Gujarati language films released in 2023}}<br /> {{incomplete list|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br /> This is a list of [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati language films]] that were released in 2023. The Gujarati films collectively grossed {{INRconvert|50|c}} in 2023, according to Ormax Box Office Report.&lt;ref name=&quot;ormax 2025&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=15 January 2026 |title=The Ormax Box Office Report: 2025 |url=https://www.ormaxmedia.com/insights/stories/the-ormax-box-office-report-2025.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Box-office collection==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; margin:auto;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rank<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Director<br /> ! Studio(s)<br /> ! Gross<br /> !Source<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |''[[3 Ekka]]''<br /> |Rajesh Sharma<br /> |Anand Pandit Motion Pictures<br /> |{{estimation|{{INRConvert|26.11|c}}}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=अजी छोड़िए भी 'गदर 2'-'जवान' को, करोड़ों में खेल रही ये गुजराती फिल्म, कलेक्शन देख उड़ जाएंगे होश |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/box-office/3-ekka-box-office-collection-till-now-this-gujarati-movie-well-perform-front-of-gadar-2-and-jawan/articleshow/103728021.cms |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi |archive-date=22 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922062241/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/box-office/3-ekka-box-office-collection-till-now-this-gujarati-movie-well-perform-front-of-gadar-2-and-jawan/articleshow/103728021.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |''[[Bushirt T-shirt]]''<br /> |Ishaan Randeria<br /> |[[Coconut Motion Pictures]]<br /> |{{estimation|{{INRConvert|8.72|c}}}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-31 |title=Bushirt T-shirt Day 26 Box Office Collection &amp; Budget |url=https://www.boxofficebusiness.in/2023/05/bushirt-t-shirt-day-1-box-office-collection-budget.html |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Box Office Business |language=en-US |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927114956/https://www.boxofficebusiness.in/2023/05/bushirt-t-shirt-day-1-box-office-collection-budget.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==January–March==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Opening<br /> !Name<br /> !Genre<br /> !Director<br /> !Cast<br /> !{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|6 January<br /> | ''[[Kutch Express (film)|Kutch Express]]''<br /> |Drama<br /> | [[Viral Shah (director)|Viral Shah]]<br /> |[[Ratna Pathak Shah]], [[Manasi Parekh]], [[Darsheel Safary]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 November 2022 |title= &quot;Kutch Express&quot; New Gujarati Film is all set to win audiences on 6th January 2023 |url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/kutch-express-new-gujarati-film-is-all-set-to-win-audiences-on-6th-january-2023/1206855/?amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211134548/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/kutch-express-new-gujarati-film-is-all-set-to-win-audiences-on-6th-january-2023/1206855/?amp |archive-date=11 December 2022 |access-date=11 December 2022 |website= [[ThePrint]] <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kutch Express (2023) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast &amp; Release Date in Chikkaballapur |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/chikkaballapur/kutch-express/ET00346305?utm_source=FBLIKE&amp;fbrefresh=1 |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Lakiro]]'' <br /> |Romance<br /> | [[Darshan Ashwin Trivedi]] <br /> | [[Raunaq Kamdar]], [[Deeksha Joshi]], Netri Trivedi, [[Deepak Antani]] <br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2022 |title= Trailer Of Upcoming Gujarati Film 'Lakiro' Is Released |url=https://ahmedabadmirror.com/trailer-of-upcoming-gujarati-film-lakiro-is-released/81848253.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211135040/https://ahmedabadmirror.com/trailer-of-upcoming-gujarati-film-lakiro-is-released/81848253.html |archive-date=11 December 2022 |access-date=11 December 2022 |website= [[Ahmedabad Mirror]] <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|13 January<br /> | ''My Best Friend Daadu''<br /> |Drama<br /> | [[Jashwant Gangani]]<br /> | Prashant Barot, Vishal Thakkar, Jitendra Thakkar, Aditi Desai, Umang Acharya<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/gujarati/my-best-friend-daadu-official-trailer/videoshow/96420915.cms|title=My Best Friend Daadu - Official Trailer|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=11 January 2023|archive-date=11 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111090305/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/gujarati/my-best-friend-daadu-official-trailer/videoshow/96420915.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Mari Hambhad Lenari Jati Rahi''<br /> |Action<br /> | Hitesh Poonam Beldar<br /> | Jignesh Barot, Neha Suthar<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/gujarati/mari-hambhad-lenari-jati-rahi-official-trailer/videoshow/96854501.cms|title=Mari Hambhad Lenari Jati Rahi - Official Trailer|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=11 January 2023|archive-date=11 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111091801/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/gujarati/mari-hambhad-lenari-jati-rahi-official-trailer/videoshow/96854501.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |20 January<br /> | ''Hu - Atra Tatra Sarvatra''<br /> |Drama<br /> | Irshad Dalal<br /> | [[Hitu Kanodia]], Jitendra Thakkar, Jignesh Modi, Mandeep Singh Basran, Rohan Patel, Shriya Tiwari<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/hu-atra-tatra-sarvatra/movieshow/96875514.cms|title=Hu - Atra Tatra Sarvatra Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News &amp; Videos &amp;#124; eTimes|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=12 January 2023|archive-date=12 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112061344/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/hu-atra-tatra-sarvatra/movieshow/96875514.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|3 February<br /> | ''[[Congratulations (2023 film)|Congratulations]]''<br /> |Drama<br /> | Rehan Chaudhary<br /> | [[Sharman Joshi]], [[Manasi Parekh]] <br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/congratulations/ET00349200|title=Congratulations|website=Book My Show|access-date=7 February 2023|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207064042/https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/congratulations/ET00349200|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Hun Iqbal]]''<br /> |Suspense Thriller<br /> | Pallav Parikh<br /> | [[Mitra Gadhavi]], Devaki, Sonali Lele Desai, Nirav Vaidya, Ravi Ranjan<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/actor-sonali-lele-desai-starrer-hun-iqbal-to-hit-the-big-screens-on-february-2023/articleshow/96494297.cms|title=Actor Sonali Lele Desai starrer 'Hun Iqbal' to hit the big screens on February 2023|website=The Times of India|access-date=13 January 2023|archive-date=13 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113053205/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/actor-sonali-lele-desai-starrer-hun-iqbal-to-hit-the-big-screens-on-february-2023/articleshow/96494297.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3|10 February<br /> | ''Karma''<br /> | Thriller<br /> | Subbu Iyer<br /> | Chetan Dhanani, Brinda Trivedi, [[Anshul Trivedi]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/karma/ET00348926|title=Karma|website=Book My Show|access-date=7 February 2023|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207064037/https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/karma/ET00348926|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Saptrang''<br /> |Drama<br /> | K K Makwana<br /> | Jayesh More, Jahnvi Chauhan, Prem Gadhvi<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/saptrang/ET00351705|title=Saptrang|website=Book My Show|access-date=7 February 2023|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207064029/https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/saptrang/ET00351705|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Vash (film)|Vash]]''<br /> |Thriller<br /> | [[Krishnadev Yagnik]]<br /> | [[Janki Bodiwala]], [[Hitu Kanodia]], [[Niilam Paanchal]], [[Hiten Kumar]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/vash/ET00350569|title=Vash|website=Book My Show|access-date=7 February 2023|archive-date=1 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001110727/https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/vash/ET00350569|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |17 February<br /> | ''[[Aagantuk]]''<br /> |Thriller<br /> | Naitik Raval<br /> | [[Hiten Kumar]], Netri Trivedi, Utsav Naik<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/aagantuk/ET00351314|title=Aagantuk|website=Book My Show|access-date=7 February 2023|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207064028/https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/aagantuk/ET00351314|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |24 February<br /> |''Chal Man Jeetva Jaiye 2''<br /> |Family drama<br /> |Dipesh Shah<br /> |Harsh Khurana, [[Rajeev Mehta]], Hemen Chauhan, Sheetal Pandya, Dharmendra Gohil<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Chal Man Jeetva Jaiye 2 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/chal-man-jeetva-jaiye-2/movieshow/97911543.cms |access-date=2023-02-28 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228071917/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/chal-man-jeetva-jaiye-2/movieshow/97911543.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Jyoti''<br /> |Drama<br /> |Raj Irani<br /> |Neha Joshi<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Jyoti |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/jyoti/movieshow/98269870.cms |access-date=2023-02-28 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |3 March<br /> | ''Hello''<br /> |Thriller<br /> | Neeraj Joshi<br /> | Darshan Pandya, Jayesh More, Mazel Vyas, Neel Gagdani, Rishabh Joshi, Aayushi Dholakia, Nidhi Seth<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/hello-gujarati/ET00352914|title= Hello (Gujarati)|website=Book My Show}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Gujarat Thi Goa''<br /> |Action drama<br /> |Rajdeep<br /> |Akshatt Irani, Shekhar Shukla, [[Shakti Kapoor]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Gujarat Thi GoaUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/gujarat-thi-goa/movieshow/98379090.cms |access-date=2023-05-11 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511081156/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/gujarat-thi-goa/movieshow/98379090.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |10 March<br /> |''Land Grabbing''<br /> |Drama<br /> |Harish Baria<br /> |Chetan Daiya, Zeel Joshi, Bimal Trivedi<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Land GrabbingUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/land-grabbing/movieshow/98565807.cms |access-date=2023-05-11 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=27 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927144420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/land-grabbing/movieshow/98565807.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |17 March<br /> | ''Sachu Kahu Tu Mane Bahu Game Che''<br /> |Action, Romance<br /> | Keshav Rathod<br /> | Kamlesh Chattraliya, Krishna Zala<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sachu Kahu Tu Mane Bahu Game CheUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/sachu-kahu-tu-mane-bahu-game-che/movieshow/98695728.cms |access-date=2023-05-11 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511081331/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/sachu-kahu-tu-mane-bahu-game-che/movieshow/98695728.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |24 March<br /> | ''Nava Pappa''<br /> | Comedy<br /> | Ashok Patel Samrat<br /> | [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]], [[Vandana Pathak]], [[Kinjal Rajpriya]], Muni Jha, Parth Oza, Sunil Vishrani<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/nava-pappa/ET00355374|title=Nava Pappa (2023)|access-date=27 March 2023|archive-date=27 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327054323/https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/nava-pappa/ET00355374|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |31 March<br /> |''Watan Maru Kathiawad''<br /> |Drama<br /> |Kanti Prajapati<br /> |Moni Patel, Pooja Prajapati, Jayendra Mehta, Paresh Bhatt<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Watan Maru KathiyawadUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/watan-maru-kathiyawad/movieshow/99037305.cms |access-date=2023-05-11 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511080420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/watan-maru-kathiyawad/movieshow/99037305.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==April–June==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Opening<br /> !Name<br /> !Genre<br /> !Director<br /> !Cast<br /> !{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}<br /> |-<br /> |7 April<br /> |''21 Divas''<br /> |Drama<br /> |Kush Banker<br /> |Maulik Nayak, Aarjav Trivedi, [[Pooja Jhaveri]], Prem Gadhavi<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=21 DivasU |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/21-divas/movieshow/99052786.cms |access-date=2023-05-11 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511075915/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/21-divas/movieshow/99052786.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |14 April<br /> |''Prem Anubandh''<br /> |Romantic drama<br /> |Urvish Parikh<br /> |Krutika Desai, Kalpesh Rajgor, Prakash Gadhvi, Jayendra Mehta, Morli Patel<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Prem Anubandh |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/prem-anubandh/movieshow/99378093.cms |access-date=2023-05-11 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511075914/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/prem-anubandh/movieshow/99378093.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Bham ''<br /> | Comedy, Drama<br /> | [[Satish Davara]]<br /> | Sanjay Prajapati, Priyal Bhatt, Akash Maheriya, Chaitanya Chaudhary, Vivek Ghamande, Grancy Kaneria, Jignesh Modi<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/bham/ET00356558|title=Bham|website=in.bookmyshow.com|date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409054641/https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/bham/ET00356558|archive-date=9 April 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |28 April<br /> |''[[Shubh Yatra]]'' <br /> |Comedy<br /> | Manish Saini<br /> |[[Malhar Thakar]], [[Monal Gajjar]], [[Darshan Jariwala]], [[Hitu Kanodia]], Archan Trivedi, Hemin Trivedi, Magan Luhar, Sunil Visrani, Jay Bhatt, Chetan Daiya<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-18 |title=Malhar Thakar Starrer Gujarati Film Shubh Yatra poster launch film to be released on 28th April {{!}} મલ્હાર ઠાકર કરી રહ્યો છે 'શુભ યાત્રા', જાણો કઈ તારીખે જાય છે અમેરિકા |url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/malhar-thakar-starrer-gujarati-film-shubh-yatra-poster-launch-film-to-be-released-on-28th-april-190239 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=www.gujaratimidday.com |language=gu |archive-date=27 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927144422/https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/malhar-thakar-starrer-gujarati-film-shubh-yatra-poster-launch-film-to-be-released-on-28th-april-190239 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Anokhee''<br /> |Romance drama<br /> |Rakesh Shah<br /> |Arjav Trivedi, Bhumika Barot, Nakshraj<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-12 |title=&quot;અનોખી&quot;ની એક અનોખી પહેલ Anokhee Gujarati Movie |url=https://westerntimesnews.in/news/254939/anokhee-gujarati-movie/ |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=westerntimesnews.in |language=en-US |archive-date=27 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927144448/https://westerntimesnews.in/news/254939/anokhee-gujarati-movie/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |5 May<br /> |''[[Bushirt T-shirt]]''<br /> |Comedy drama<br /> |Ishaan Randeria<br /> |[[Siddharth Randeria]], Kamlesh Ozza, [[Vandana Pathak]], Reeva Rachh<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Bushirt T-shirt |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/bushirt-t-shirt/movieshow/99612686.cms |access-date=2023-05-11 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=27 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927144522/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/bushirt-t-shirt/movieshow/99612686.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |12 May<br /> |''Rudan''<br /> |Suspense<br /> |Akhil Kotak<br /> |Akhil Kotak, Chetan Daiya, Bhavini Jani, Jitendra Thakkar<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gujarati Film Rudan Trailer Launch રુદનનું ટ્રેલર રીલિઝ આખી ફિલ્મ શૂટ થઈ છે રાજકોટમાં |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/gujarati/gujarat/entertainment/movie/gujarati-rudan-film-trailer-released/gj20230428134107671671926 |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=ETV Bharat News |date=28 April 2023 |language=gu |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512053918/https://www.etvbharat.com/gujarati/gujarat/entertainment/movie/gujarati-rudan-film-trailer-released/gj20230428134107671671926 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Welcome Purnima''<br /> |Horror Comedy<br /> |Rishil Joshi<br /> |[[Hiten Kumar]], [[Manasi Rachh]], Binda Rawal, Hem Sevak, Janvi Gurnami<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Welcome PurnimaUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/welcome-purnima/movieshow/99942210.cms |access-date=2023-05-12 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=27 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927144454/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/getdataofseason.cms?msid=113400566&amp;type=link&amp;parentseo=web-series/reviews/english/agatha-all-along |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |19 May<br /> |''Welcome Zindagi''<br /> |Family Drama<br /> |Bhavesh Gorasiya, Irshad Dalal<br /> |[[Anang Desai]], Umang Acharya, Prashant Barot, Sunil Vishrani<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Welcome ZindagiU |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/welcome-zindagi/movieshow/100323237.cms |access-date=2023-05-21 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521072534/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/welcome-zindagi/movieshow/100323237.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |26 May<br /> |''Jaishree Krishh''<br /> |Drama<br /> |Hardeik Rathor<br /> |[[Devarshi Shah]], [[Simran Natekar]], Rajan Thakar, Prashant Barot, Chetan Daiya, Ragi Jani, Morli Patel<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Jaishree Krishh Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News &amp; Videos|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/jai-shree-krishna/movieshow/91744602.cms|website=Times of India|access-date=2023-05-25|archive-date=8 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608115353/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/jai-shree-krishna/movieshow/91744602.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Ulta Pulta''<br /> |Comedy<br /> |Viral Patel<br /> |[[Hitu Kanodia]], Shekhar Shukla<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Ulta PultaUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/ulta-pulta/movieshow/100440866.cms |access-date=2023-06-06 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606132150/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/ulta-pulta/movieshow/100440866.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2 June<br /> |''I Wish''<br /> | Drama<br /> |Amit Vikas Patel<br /> | [[Teeshay Shah]], [[Monal Gajjar]], Aarjav Trivedi<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title= Wish Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News &amp; Videos|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/i-wish/movieshow/61982302.cms|website= Times of India|access-date= 2023-06-03|archive-date= 2 June 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230602214533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/i-wish/movieshow/61982302.cms|url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |9 June<br /> |''Char Fera Nu Chakdol''<br /> |Comedy<br /> |Nishithkumar Brahmbhatt<br /> |[[Sanjay Goradia]], Smit Pandya, Disha Savla Upadhyay, Bhavwini Gandhi, Jitendra Thakkar, Vishal Thakkar<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Char Fera Nu Chakdol (2023) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast &amp; Release Date in Mumbai |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/mumbai/char-fera-nu-chakdol/ET00360296?utm_source=FBLIKE&amp;fbrefresh=1 |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Fuleku''<br /> |Comedy drama<br /> |Irshad Dalal<br /> |Anang Desai, Jignesh Modi, Manjari Mishra, Amit Das<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=FulekuUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/fuleku/movieshow/100438753.cms |access-date=2023-07-28 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728171553/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/fuleku/movieshow/100438753.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Love Chumbak''<br /> |Drama<br /> |Dhruv Bhatiya<br /> |Archan Trivedi, Chetan Daiya, Ragi Jani<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Love ChumbakUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/love-chumbak/movieshow/100844536.cms |access-date=2023-07-28 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728171551/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/love-chumbak/movieshow/100844536.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 11 June<br /> |''[[Gulaam Chor]]''<br /> |Comedy Suspense<br /> |[[Viral Shah (director)|Viral Shah]]<br /> |[[Malhar Thakar]], Dharmesh Vyas, [[Vandana Pathak]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/malhar-thakar-s-gulaam-chor-is-a-comedy-suspense-drama-centering-around-a-heist-news-292611|title=Malhar Thakar's 'Gulaam Chor' Is A Comedy Suspense Drama Centering Around A Heist|date=2023-06-06|work=Outlook India|access-date=2023-06-12|archive-date=27 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927144422/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/malhar-thakar-s-gulaam-chor-is-a-comedy-suspense-drama-centering-around-a-heist-news-292611|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==July–September==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Opening<br /> !Name<br /> !Genre<br /> !Director<br /> !Cast<br /> !{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 7 July<br /> | ''[[Var Padharavo Saavdhan]]''<br /> | Drama<br /> | Vipul Sharma<br /> | Tushar Sadhu, [[Kinjal Rajpriya]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/the-var-padhravo-saavdhan-motion-poster-promises-a-fun-family-drama/articleshow/100507356.cms?from=mdr|title=The Var Padhravo Saavdhan' motion poster promises a fun-family drama|date=25 May 2023|work=The Times of India|access-date=31 May 2023|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531153654/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/the-var-padhravo-saavdhan-motion-poster-promises-a-fun-family-drama/articleshow/100507356.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Mastini Pathshala''<br /> |Comedy drama<br /> |Sunil Vaghela<br /> |Shreya Dave, Jay Pandya, Dipika Raval, Anshuman Joshi<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mastini PathshalaU |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/mastini-pathshala/movieshow/101782769.cms |access-date=2023-07-28 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728171257/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/mastini-pathshala/movieshow/101782769.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |14 July<br /> |''Terrace''<br /> |Drama<br /> |Prashant Kumar Singh<br /> |Vijay Kabra, Nidhi Dave, Vishvam Shukla<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=TerraceUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/terrace/movieshow/101723110.cms |access-date=2023-07-28 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728171258/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/terrace/movieshow/101723110.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 21 July<br /> | ''[[Bachubhai]]''<br /> | Comedy - Drama<br /> | Rahul Bhole and Vinit Kanojia<br /> | [[Siddharth Randeria]], [[Apara Mehta]], Amit Singh Thakur, Naman Gor<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Siddharth Randeria's highly anticipated film 'Bachubhai' teaser released|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/siddharth-randerias-highly-anticipated-film-bachubhai-teaser-released/articleshow/101392762.cms|work=Times of India|access-date=2023-06-30|archive-date=30 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630214747/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/siddharth-randerias-highly-anticipated-film-bachubhai-teaser-released/articleshow/101392762.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 22 July<br /> | ''Chandlo''<br /> | Drama<br /> | Hardik Gajjar<br /> | [[Manav Gohil]], [[Shraddha Dangar]], [[Kaajal Oza Vaidya]], Jayesh More<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Chandlo Movie 2023 {{!}} Review, Cast, Trailer, Posters, Watch Online at JioCinema|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/chandlo/movieshow/101755283.cms|work=Times of India|access-date=2023-07-26|archive-date=27 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927144424/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/chandlo/movieshow/101755283.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |28 July<br /> |''Mast Naukri Sarkari''<br /> |Comedy drama<br /> |Milan Devmani<br /> |Anand Devmani, Jakir Khan, Dipika Raval, Bhavesh Shrimali<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mast Naukri SarkariUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/mast-naukri-sarkari/movieshow/102165569.cms |access-date=2023-07-28 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728171256/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/mast-naukri-sarkari/movieshow/102165569.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Laya Baki''<br /> |Comedy<br /> |Hirav Trivedi<br /> |Danesh Gandhi, Madhavi Patel, Feroz Bhagat, Anurag Prapann, Ragi Jani, Anshu Joshi, Kalpesh Patel, Jay Pandya<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Sangri |date=2023-07-10 |title=&quot;Laya Baki&quot; Is Coming In Cinema Near You, A Much Awaited Hirav Trivedi Film |url=https://en.sangritimes.com/laya-baki-is-coming-in-cinema-near-you-a-much-awaited-hirav-trivedi-film |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=Sangri Times |language=en |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728172444/https://en.sangritimes.com/laya-baki-is-coming-in-cinema-near-you-a-much-awaited-hirav-trivedi-film |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |4 August<br /> |''Sasu Maa''<br /> |Family drama<br /> |Manav Sakariya<br /> |Sonali Lele Desai, Kailash Shahadadpuri, Muni Jha, Niti Sakariya<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sasu MaaU |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/sasu-maa/movieshow/102381396.cms |access-date=2023-08-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822064501/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/sasu-maa/movieshow/102381396.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |25 August <br /> |''[[3 Ekka]]'' <br /> |Comedy<br /> | Rajesh Sharma <br /> |[[Malhar Thakar]], [[Yash Soni]], [[Mitra Gadhavi]], [[Kinjal Rajpriya]], [[Esha Kansara]], Tarjanee Bhadla<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/3-ekka-teaser-yash-soni-malhar-thakar-starrer-promises-a-comedy-entertainer/articleshow/101784428.cms|title='3 Ekka' teaser: Yash Soni- Malhar Thakar starrer promises a comedy entertainer|date=2023-07-15|work=Times of India|access-date=2023-07-16|archive-date=16 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716101711/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/3-ekka-teaser-yash-soni-malhar-thakar-starrer-promises-a-comedy-entertainer/articleshow/101784428.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |25 August <br /> |''Prityu Na Mul''<br /> |Family Drama<br /> | Panjakj Nimavat <br /> | Mehul Bhojak. Arzu Limbachiya, Sunny Khatri, Mitesh Varma, Jignesh Modi<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ પ્રીત્યું ના મુલ નું ટેલર લોન્ચિંગ સુરતના મહારાજા ફાર્મ ખાતે સંપન્ન થયું |url=https://poladgujarat.com/gujarati-film-petyunan/ |website=Polad Gujarat News |date=11 August 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107114214/https://poladgujarat.com/gujarati-film-petyunan/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/surat/movies/prityu-na-mul/ET00367889 |access-date=21 November 2023 |archive-date=21 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121143627/https://in.bookmyshow.com/surat/movies/prityu-na-mul/ET00367889 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |15 September<br /> |''[[Hu ane Tu]]''<br /> |Comedy drama<br /> |Manan Sagar<br /> |[[Siddharth Randeria]], Sonaalee Lele Desai, [[Puja Joshi]], [[Parikshit Tamaliya]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-24 |title=Panorama Studios' Gujarati film 'Hu Ane Tu' to hit theatres on Aug 30 |url=https://navjeevanexpress.com/panorama-studios-gujarati-film-hu-ane-tu-to-hit-theatres-on-aug-30/ |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=Navjeevan Express |language=en-US |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728172159/https://navjeevanexpress.com/panorama-studios-gujarati-film-hu-ane-tu-to-hit-theatres-on-aug-30/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |22 September<br /> |''Kahi De Ne Prem Chhe''<br /> |Drama<br /> |Rajesh Thakkar<br /> |Vishal Solanki, Smit Pandya, Kalpesh Patel, Mukesh Rao<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Kahi De Ne Prem Che |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/kahi-dene-prem-che/movieshow/92206252.cms |access-date=2023-09-24 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007143650/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/kahi-dene-prem-che/movieshow/92206252.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |29 September<br /> |''Nikki''<br /> |Sports drama<br /> |Roopang Acharya<br /> |Samvedna Suwalka, Aahana Thakur, Khushi Thakkar, Navjot Singh Chauhan, Sonali Lele Desai, Kamal Joshi, Munjal Vyas, Sunil Vaghela, Shivam Markanday<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=NikkiU |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/nikki/movieshow/104011914.cms |access-date=2023-10-08 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=4 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004123831/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/nikki/movieshow/104011914.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Hu Chhu Mr. Shankar''<br /> |Drama<br /> |Rafik Talukdar<br /> |Dharmesh Vyas, Prashant Barot, Mehul Bhojak, Jasmin Patel, [[Komal Thacker]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hu Chhu Mr. Shankar |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/hu-chhu-mr-shankar/ET00368892 |website=BookMyShow |access-date=27 September 2024 |archive-date=30 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930134831/https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/hu-chhu-mr-shankar/ET00368892 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==October–December==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Opening<br /> !Name<br /> !Genre<br /> !Director<br /> !Cast<br /> !{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}<br /> |-<br /> |13 October<br /> |''Bakhad Jantar''<br /> |Comedy<br /> |Jayesh Trivedi<br /> |Kaushal Shah, Kartik Rastrapal, Nitya Makadiya, Sharad Sharma<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Bakhad JantarUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/bakhad-jantar/movieshow/104368304.cms |access-date=2023-10-17 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=20 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020063424/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/bakhad-jantar/movieshow/104368304.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |27 October<br /> |''[[Meera (2023 Film)|Meera]]''<br /> |Drama<br /> |Dilip Dixit<br /> |Heena Varde, Sanjay Parmar, Maulik Chauhan, Chetan Daiya, Reeva Rachh<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-19 |title='Meera' first look: the Heena Varde starrer promises a riveting drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/meera-first-look-the-heena-varde-starrer-promises-a-riveting-drama/articleshow/101923240.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=Times of India |language=en-US |archive-date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815085729/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/meera-first-look-the-heena-varde-starrer-promises-a-riveting-drama/articleshow/101923240.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Gandhi &amp; Co.]]''<br /> |Children drama<br /> |[[Manish Saini]]<br /> |Reyaan Shah, Hiranya Zinzuwadia, [[Darshan Jariwala]], Jayesh More, Dhruma Mehta, Dhyani Jani<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;IX&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-08-27 |title=Gandhi and Company wins Swarna Kamal award at National Film Awards |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gandhi-and-company-wins-swarna-kamal-award-at-national-film-awards-8911123/ |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2 November<br /> |''Popaat''<br /> |Drama<br /> |Bhavin Trivedi<br /> |Ragi Jani, Bhumika Barot, Prenal Oberoi, Gopi Desai, Vivek Ghamande, Smit Pandya, Aakash Zala<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhavin Trivedi's heartwarming drama 'Popaat' to release on November 2 {{!}} Gujarati Movie News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/gujarati/bhavin-trivedis-heartwarming-drama-popaat-to-release-on-november-2/videoshow/104897469.cms |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=8 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208031426/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/gujarati/bhavin-trivedis-heartwarming-drama-popaat-to-release-on-november-2/videoshow/104897469.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |3 November<br /> |''Rocky in Risk 2''<br /> |Romantic comedy action<br /> |Alok Thaker, Nivedita Shah<br /> |Alok Thaker, Nivedita Shah, Feanisha Vankar<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rocky in Risk 2 |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bayana/movies/rocky-in-risk-2/ET00373618 |website=BookMyShow}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Rocky In Risk 2UA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/rocky-in-risk-2/movieshow/104852588.cms |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |12 November<br /> | ''Jindagi Jivi Le''<br /> | Romance<br /> | Harsukh Patel<br /> |[[Vikram Thakor]], Sweta Sen, Sunny Khatri, Jitu Pandya, Jayendra Mehta<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Vikram Thakor Upcoming Film: વિક્રમ ઠાકોરે આગામી ફિલ્મ 'જીંદગી જીવી લે'ની કરી જાહેરાત, જુઓ પોસ્ટર |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/gujarati/gujarat/entertainment/movie/actor-vikram-thakor-has-announced-his-upcoming-movie-zindagi-jivi-le/gj20230916145641809809880 |website=ETV Bharat News |date=16 September 2023 |language=gu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gandhi &amp; Co. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/gandhi-co-/movieshow/103014204.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=21 November 2023 |archive-date=27 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927145109/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/gandhi-co-/movieshow/103014204.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 24 November<br /> |''Sarpanch''<br /> |Action thriller<br /> |Apurv Bajpai<br /> |Karan Rajveer, Nirali Oza, Ragi Jani, Chetan Daiya, Aakash Zala, Smit Joshi, Kapil Goswami<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-14 |title=Sarpanch |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/sarpanch/ET00375300 |website=BookMyShow |access-date=14 November 2023 |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114124945/https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/sarpanch/ET00375300 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |8 December<br /> |''[[Hurry Om Hurry]]''<br /> |Comedy drama<br /> |Nisarg Vaidya<br /> |[[Siddharth Randeria]], [[Raunaq Kamdar]], [[Vyoma Nandi]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-31 |title=The first Look of 'Hurry Om Hurry' reveals time travel vibes, promises an entertaining adventure |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/the-first-look-of-hurry-om-hurry-reveals-time-travel-vibes-promises-an-entertaining-adventure/articleshow/102280918.cms |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=Times of India |language=en-US |archive-date=1 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801064214/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/the-first-look-of-hurry-om-hurry-reveals-time-travel-vibes-promises-an-entertaining-adventure/articleshow/102280918.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Patkatha''<br /> |Suspence drama<br /> |Akhil Kotak<br /> |Akhil Kotak, Bhavini Jani, Nishith Brahmbhatt, [[Arvind Vegda]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=PatkathaUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/patkatha/movieshow/108009358.cms |access-date=2024-03-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302054430/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/patkatha/movieshow/108009358.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |15 December<br /> |''Kanubhai The Great''<br /> |Drama<br /> |Irshad Dalal<br /> |Nikunj Modi, Rajiv Panchal, Ojas Rawal, Vanraj Sisodiya<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Kanubhai the Great |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/kanubhai-the-great/movieshow/101859626.cms |access-date=2023-11-14 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114124944/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/kanubhai-the-great/movieshow/101859626.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-14 |title=Kanubhai The Great |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/kanubhai-the-great/ET00374551 |website=BookMyShow}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Gujarati cinema]]<br /> * [[List of Gujarati films]]<br /> * [[List of Gujarati films of 2024]]<br /> * [[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Gujarati|List of highest-grossing Gujarati films]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> {{2023 films}}<br /> {{Indian film list}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lists of Gujarati films by year|2023]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of 2023 films by language|Gujarati]]<br /> [[Category:2023 in Indian cinema|Gujarati]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanjay_Haribhau_Jadhav&diff=452250 2026-01-29T16:56:26Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Content refined for better accuracy</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | image =<br /> | name = Sanjay Jadhav <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1967|1|6|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Parbhani]], Maharashtra, India<br /> | residence = [[Parbhani]]<br /> | death_date =<br /> | death_place =<br /> | office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br /> | constituency = [[Parbhani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Parbhani]]<br /> | term_start = 16 May 2014<br /> | term_end = <br /> | predecessor = [[Ganeshrao Nagorao Dudhgaonkar]]<br /> | office1 = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency1 = [[Parbhani (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Parbhani]]<br /> | term_start1 = 2004<br /> | term_end1 = 2014 (two terms)<br /> | predecessor1 = [[Tukaram Renge Patil]] ([[Shiv Sena]])<br /> | successor1 = [[Rahul Vedprakash Patil]] ([[Shiv Sena]])<br /> | party = [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]] <br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | spouse = <br /> | children = <br /> | occupation = {{hlist|[[Activist]]|Politician}}<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | date = 22 April|<br /> | year = 2019 | <br /> | source = https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/4735?from=members<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sanjay Haribhau Jadhav''', commonly known as '''Bandu Jadhav''', is a politician with [[Shiv Sena]] from [[Parbhani]] in the [[Maharashtra]] state of India.<br /> <br /> He was elected twice, in 2004 and 2009, as MLA from [[Parbhani (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Parbhani]] '''Vidhan Sabha''' constituency. And he was elected twice, in 2014 and 2019, as MP from [[Parbhani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Parbhani]] '''Lok Sabha''' constituency.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://abpmajha.abplive.in/maharashtra/loksabha-election-results-2019-winning-candidate-list-of-maharashtra-667510| title=Loksabha Election Results 2019 : महाराष्ट्रातील विजयी उमेदवारांची यादी| date=23 May 2019| access-date=26 May 2019| archive-date=25 May 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525052539/https://abpmajha.abplive.in/maharashtra/loksabha-election-results-2019-winning-candidate-list-of-maharashtra-667510| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/shiv-sena-mp-sanjay-jadhav-abruptly-resigns-from-lok-sabha-seat-over-political-tussle-in-parbhani-8758161.html|title = Shiv Sena MP Sanjay Jadhav 'abruptly' resigns from Lok Sabha seat over political tussle in Parbhani|date = 27 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Positions held==<br /> * 2004: Elected to Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha from '''[[Parbhani (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Parbhani]]'''<br /> * 2009: Elected to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly again from Parbhani<br /> * 2014: Elected to 16th Lok Sabha from '''[[Parbhani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Parbhani]] Lok Sabha'''<br /> * 2019: Elected to 17th Lok Sabha<br /> *2024 : Elected to 18th Lok Sabha<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Lok Sabha]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://shivsena.org/leadership/ Shiv Sena Home Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901163032/https://shivsena.org/leadership/ |date=1 September 2020 }}<br /> * [http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/briefbioprofiles.aspx?mpsno=4735 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]<br /> <br /> {{16th LS members from Maharashtra}}<br /> {{17th LS members from Maharashtra}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jadhav, Sanjay Haribhau}}<br /> [[Category:People from Parbhani district]]<br /> [[Category:1967 births]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2009–2014]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]<br /> [[Category:Shiv Sena politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Marathwada]]<br /> [[Category:Maharashtra municipal councillors]]<br /> [[Category:People from Parbhani]]<br /> [[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2004–2009]]<br /> [[Category:Shiv Sena (UBT) politicians]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Maharashtra-SS-politician-stub}}</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Wald&diff=469654 2026-01-25T13:52:22Z

<p>JulianaThurston: enhanced formatting for consistency and added references after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Hungarian mathematician}}<br /> {{Infobox scientist<br /> | name = Abraham Wald<br /> | image = Abraham Wald in his youth.jpg<br /> | caption = A young Wald<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1902|10|31}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Cluj-Napoca|Kolozsvár]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Austria-Hungary]]<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|1950|12|13|1902|10|31}}<br /> | death_place = [[Nilgiri Mountains]], [[India]]<br /> | field = [[Mathematics]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Statistics]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mathematical economics|Economics]]<br /> | work_institutions = [[Columbia University]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Cowles Commission for Research in Economics]]<br /> | alma_mater = [[Babeș-Bolyai University|King Ferdinand I University]]&lt;br/&gt;[[University of Vienna]]<br /> | doctoral_advisor = [[Karl Menger]]<br /> | doctoral_students = [[Herman Chernoff]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Meyer Abraham Girshick]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Milton Sobel]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Charles Stein (statistician)|Charles Stein]]<br /> | known_for = [[Wald's equation]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Wald test]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Wald distribution]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Wald–Wolfowitz runs test]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Wald's martingale]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Wald's maximin model]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mann–Wald theorem]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Decision theory]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sequential analysis]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sequential probability ratio test]]<br /> | author_abbrev_bot = <br /> | author_abbrev_zoo = <br /> | prizes = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | children = [[Robert Wald]]<br /> | signature = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Abraham Wald''' ({{IPAc-en|w|ɔː|l|d}}; {{IPA|de|valt|lang}}; {{langx|hu|Wald Ábrahám}}, {{langx|yi|אברהם וואַלד}}; {{birth date|1902|10|31|df=y}}&amp;nbsp;– {{death date|1950|12|13|df=y}}) was a Hungarian and American mathematician and statistician who contributed to [[decision theory]],&lt;ref name=DuppeWeintraub2015&gt;{{cite journal<br /> | author = Duppe, Till <br /> | author-link = Till Duppe<br /> | author2= Weintraub, E. Roy <br /> | author2-link = E. Roy Weintraub<br /> | journal = History of Political Economy<br /> | volume = 48<br /> | issue = 191<br /> | pages = 635–655<br /> | year = 2015<br /> | title = Losing Equilibrium: On the Existence of Abraham Wald's Fixed-Point Proof of 1935<br /> | publisher = Econometrica, Vol. 19, No. 4<br /> | doi = 10.1215/00182702-3687283<br /> | hdl = 10419/149731<br /> | hdl-access = free<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[geometry]] and [[econometrics]], and founded the field of [[sequential analysis]].&lt;ref name=Morgenstern1951&gt;{{cite journal<br /> | doi = 10.2307/1907462<br /> | author = Morgenstern, Oskar<br /> | author-link = Oskar Morgenstern<br /> | journal = Econometrica<br /> | volume = 19<br /> | issue = 4<br /> | pages = 361–367<br /> | year = 1951<br /> | title = Abraham Wald, 1902–1950<br /> | publisher = Econometrica, Vol. 19, No. 4<br /> | jstor = 1907462<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; One of his well-known statistical works was written during [[World War II]] on how to minimize the damage to bomber aircraft and took into account the [[survivorship bias]] in his calculations.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mangel1984&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Mangel |first1=Marc |last2=Samaniego |first2=Francisco J. |title=Abraham Wald's Work on Aircraft Survivability |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |date=June 1984 |volume=79 |issue=386 |pages=259–267 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1984.10478038 |publisher=[[American Statistical Association]] |url=http://people.ucsc.edu/~msmangel/Wald.pdf |jstor=2288257}}&lt;/ref&gt; He spent his research career at [[Columbia University]]. He was the grandson of Rabbi [[Moshe Shmuel Glasner]].<br /> <br /> == Life and career ==<br /> [[File:Abraham Wald.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Photograph of Abraham Wald from the [[Oberwolfach Research Institute for Mathematics]]]]<br /> Wald was born on 31 October 1902 in [[Cluj-Napoca|Kolozsvár]], [[Transylvania]], in the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]. A religious [[Jew]], he did not attend school on Saturdays, as was then required by the Hungarian school system, and so he was [[homeschooled]] by his parents until college.&lt;ref name=Morgenstern1951/&gt; His parents were quite knowledgeable and competent as teachers.&lt;ref&gt;{{MacTutor Biography|id=Wald}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1928, he graduated in mathematics from the [[Babeș-Bolyai University|King Ferdinand I University]].&lt;ref&gt;Anuarul Universității Regele Ferdinand I pe anul școlar 1927/28. p. 187. [http://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/periodice/anuaruluniversitatiidincluj/1927-1928/BCUCLUJ_FP_452283_1_1927_1928_007_0001.pdf Online access], University Library in Cluj, Romania.&lt;/ref&gt; In 1927, he had entered [[Postgraduate education|graduate school]] at the [[University of Vienna]], from which he graduated in 1931 with a Ph.D. in mathematics. His advisor there was [[Karl Menger]].&lt;ref name=Morgenstern1951/&gt;&lt;ref name=DuppeWeintraub2015/&gt;<br /> <br /> Despite Wald's brilliance, he could not obtain a university position because of Austrian discrimination against Jews. However, [[Oskar Morgenstern]] created a position for Wald in economics. When [[Nazi Germany]] [[Anschluss|annexed Austria]] in 1938, the discrimination against Jews intensified. In particular, Wald and his family were persecuted as Jews. Wald emigrated to the [[United States]] at the invitation of the [[Cowles Commission for Research in Economics]], to work on econometrics research.&lt;ref name=Morgenstern1951/&gt; By September 1938 Wald was a Fellow of the Carnegie Corporation at Columbia University learning about modern English language statistics from [[Harold Hotelling]]. He was appointed to the Columbia Faculty in 1941 and remained there until his death.<br /> <br /> [[File:Survivorship-bias.svg|thumb|left|The damaged portions of returning planes show locations where they can sustain damage and still return home; those hit in other places presumedly do not survive. (Image shows hypothetical data.)]]<br /> During [[World War II]], Wald was a member of the [[The Statistical Research Group of World War II|Statistical Research Group]] (SRG) at [[Columbia University]], where he applied his statistical skills to various wartime problems.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wallis1980&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/01621459.1980.10477469 | volume=75 | issue=370 | title=The Statistical Research Group, 1942–1945 | journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association | pages=320–330| year=1980 | last1=Wallis | first1=W. Allen |jstor=2287451}}&lt;/ref&gt; There was a difficulty: the work was secret and Wald was officially an enemy alien and, as such, barred from access to restricted matter. Hotelling recounts, “This impasse led to a facetious suggestion that each page he wrote should immediately be snatched away and never shown to him again, but was resolved when a federal court granted him a hearing long before his turn on the docket and promptly naturalized him.” &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Hotelling|first= Harold|title= Abraham Wald |journal= American Statistician|date=1951|volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=18–19|doi= 10.1080/00031305.1951.10481914}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The problems that the SRG worked on included methods of sequential analysis and sampling inspection.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wallis1980&quot; /&gt; Another was to examine the distribution of [[Survivorship bias#Military|damage to aircraft returning after flying missions]] to provide advice on how to minimize bomber losses to enemy fire. Wald derived a useful means of estimating the damage distribution for all aircraft that flew from the data on the damage distribution of all aircraft that returned.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mangel1984&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=Wald1943&gt;{{cite tech report |first=Wald |last=Abraham |title=A Reprint of 'A Method of Estimating Plane Vulnerability Based on Damage of Survivors' |number=ADA091073 |institution=Center for Naval Analyses; [[Statistical Research Group]], [[National Defense Research Committee]] |via=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] |date=1980 |orig-date=1943 |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA091073.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512125414/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA091073.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=May 12, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; His work is considered seminal in the discipline of [[operational research]], which was then fledgling.<br /> <br /> Wald and his wife died in 1950 when the [[Air India]] plane (VT-CFK, a DC-3 aircraft&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Aircraft accident Douglas C-47B-5-DK (DC-3) VT-CFK Kotagiri |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19501213-1 |website=[[Aviation Safety Network]] |publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]] |date=26 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;) in which they were travelling crashed near the [[Rangaswamy Peak and Pillar|Rangaswamy Pillar]] in the northern part of the [[Nilgiri Mountains]], in southern [[India]], on an extensive lecture tour at the invitation of the Indian government.&lt;ref name=Morgenstern1951/&gt; He had visited the [[Indian Statistical Institute]] at Calcutta and was to attend the Indian Science Congress at Bangalore in January. Their two children were back at home in the United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&amp;d=cs19501215-01|title=Prof. Wald Reported Among Victims of India Plane Crash|date=15 December 1950|newspaper=Columbia Daily Spectator|access-date=2018-02-08|issue=52|volume=XCV|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After his death, Wald was criticized by Sir [[Ronald A. Fisher]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]. Fisher attacked Wald for being a mathematician without scientific experience who had written an incompetent book on statistics. Fisher particularly criticized Wald's work on the design of experiments and alleged ignorance of the basic ideas of the subject, as set out by Fisher and [[Frank Yates]].&lt;ref name=Fisher1955&gt;{{cite journal<br /> |title=Statistical methods and scientific induction<br /> |author-link=Ronald A. Fisher |first=Ronald |last=Fisher<br /> |journal=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B<br /> |volume=17<br /> |year=1955<br /> |pages=69–78<br /> |jstor=2983785<br /> |issue=1<br /> |doi=10.1111/j.2517-6161.1955.tb00180.x }} (criticism of statistical theories of [[Jerzy Neyman]] and Abraham Wald)&lt;/ref&gt; Wald's work was defended by [[Jerzy Neyman]] the next year. Neyman explained Wald's work, particularly with respect to the design of experiments.&lt;ref name=Neyman1956&gt;{{cite journal<br /> |title=Note on an Article by Sir Ronald Fisher<br /> |author-link=Jerzy Neyman |first=Jerzy |last=Neyman<br /> |journal=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B<br /> |volume=18<br /> |year=1956<br /> |pages=288–294<br /> |jstor=2983716<br /> |issue=2<br /> |doi=10.1111/j.2517-6161.1956.tb00236.x }} (reply to Fisher 1955)&lt;/ref&gt; [[Lucien Le Cam]] credits him in his own book, ''Asymptotic Methods in Statistical Decision Theory'': &quot;The ideas and techniques used reflect first and foremost the influence of Abraham Wald's writings.&quot;&lt;ref name=LeCam1986&gt;{{cite book<br /> |title=Asymptotic Methods in Statistical Decision Theory<br /> |author-link=Lucien Le Cam |first=Lucien |last=Le Cam<br /> |year=1986<br /> |pages=xiii<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He is the father of the noted American physicist [[Robert Wald]].<br /> <br /> == Notable publications ==<br /> For a complete list, see {{citation<br /> | year = 1952<br /> | title = The Publications of Abraham Wald<br /> | journal = Annals of Mathematical Statistics<br /> | volume = 23<br /> | issue = 1<br /> | pages = 29–33<br /> | doi = 10.1214/aoms/1177729483<br /> | doi-access = free<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | doi = 10.2307/1906982<br /> | first = Abraham<br /> | last = Wald<br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> | ref = none<br /> | journal = Econometrica<br /> | volume = 7<br /> | issue = 4<br /> | pages = 319–331<br /> | year = 1939<br /> | title = A New Formula for the Index of Cost of Living<br /> | publisher = Econometrica, Vol. 7, No. 4<br /> | jstor = 1906982<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | doi=10.1214/aoms/1177732144<br /> | first=Abraham<br /> | last=Wald <br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> | ref = none|journal=Annals of Mathematical Statistics<br /> | volume=10<br /> | issue=4<br /> | pages=299–326<br /> | year=1939<br /> | title=Contributions to the Theory of Statistical Estimation and Testing Hypotheses<br /> | url=https://projecteuclid.org/download/pdf_1/euclid.aoms/1177732144<br /> | doi-access=free<br /> | bibcode=1939AnnMS..10..299W<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | doi = 10.1214/aoms/1177731868<br /> | first = Abraham<br /> | last = Wald <br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> | ref = none<br /> | journal = Annals of Mathematical Statistics<br /> | volume = 11<br /> | issue = 3<br /> | pages = 284–300<br /> | year = 1940<br /> | title = The Fitting of Straight Lines if Both Variables Are Subject to Error<br /> | doi-access = free<br /> | bibcode = 1940AnnMS..11..284W<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | first = Abraham<br /> | last = Wald <br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> | ref = none<br /> | title = Sequential Tests of Statistical Hypotheses<br /> | journal = The Annals of Mathematical Statistics<br /> | volume = 16<br /> | issue = 2<br /> | date=June 1945<br /> | pages = 117–186<br /> | doi = 10.1214/aoms/1177731118<br /> | doi-access = free<br /> }}<br /> * {{Cite book<br /> | first = Abraham<br /> | last = Wald <br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> | ref = none<br /> | title = Sequential Analysis<br /> | year = 1947<br /> | publisher = [[John Wiley and Sons]]<br /> | location = [[New York City|New York]]<br /> }} Reprinted, Dover publications, 1973, {{isbn|0-486-43912-7}}.<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | first=Abraham<br /> | last=Wald <br /> | author-mask = 1<br /> | ref = none<br /> | title=Statistical Decision Functions<br /> | year=1950<br /> | publisher=[[John Wiley and Sons]], New York; [[Chapman and Hall]], London<br /> | page=ix+179<br /> }}&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|author=Robbins, Herbert|author-link=Herbert Robbins|title=Review: A. Wald, ''Statistical decision functions''|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1951|volume=57|issue=5|pages=383–384|url=http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.bams/1183516235|doi=10.1090/S0002-9904-1951-09520-8|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> * {{cite journal<br /> | author = Wolfowitz, Jacob<br /> | author-link = Jacob Wolfowitz<br /> | year = 1952<br /> | title = Abraham Wald, 1902–1950<br /> | journal = Annals of Mathematical Statistics<br /> | volume = 23<br /> | issue = 1<br /> | pages = 1–13<br /> | doi = 10.1214/aoms/1177729480<br /> | doi-access = free<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite web |last1=Casselman |first1=Bill |author-link=Bill Casselman |title=The Legend of Abraham Wald |url=http://www.ams.org/publicoutreach/feature-column/fc-2016-06 |website=Feature Column |publisher=[[American Mathematical Society]] |date=June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2020}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{MathGenealogy|id=36887}}<br /> *[https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA091073 ''A Method of Estimating Plane Vulnerability Based on Damage of Survivors'' by Abraham Wald, Defense Technical Information Center 1943]<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Wald, Abraham}}<br /> [[Category:1902 births]]<br /> [[Category:1950 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Scientists from Cluj-Napoca]]<br /> [[Category:Jews from Austria-Hungary]]<br /> [[Category:Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss to the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss to the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Presidents of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the American Statistical Association]]<br /> [[Category:Hungarian statisticians]]<br /> [[Category:Econometricians]]<br /> &lt;!-- [[Category:Mathematical analysts]] --&gt;<br /> [[Category:Columbia University faculty]]<br /> [[Category:Jewish American scientists]]<br /> [[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in India]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Hungarian mathematicians]]<br /> [[Category:Babeș-Bolyai University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:University of Vienna alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Mathematical economists]]<br /> [[Category:Hungarian operations researchers]]<br /> [[Category:Functional analysts]]<br /> [[Category:American operations researchers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Hungarian economists]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the Econometric Society]]<br /> [[Category:Mathematical statisticians]]<br /> [[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1950]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century American statisticians]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senha&diff=534047 2026-01-21T06:32:39Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Created A Info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement <br /> | name = Senha <br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Village <br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3 <br /> | pushpin_label_position = right <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India3 <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|23.3868|N|84.6516|E|display=inline,title}} <br /> | subdivision_type = Country <br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} <br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] <br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]] <br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]] <br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Lohardaga district|Lohardaga]] <br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt; <br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]] <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric <br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 7011 <br /> | population_as_of = 2011 <br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages * <br /> | demographics1_title1 = [[Official language|Official]] <br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]] <br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] <br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30 <br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] <br /> | postal_code = 835302 <br /> | area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD code]] <br /> | area_code = 06526 <br /> | registration_plate = JH 08 <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy <br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = 75.79% <br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency <br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]] <br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency <br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = [[Lohardaga (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Loharadaga]] <br /> | website = {{URL|lohardaga.nic.in/}} <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }} <br /> '''Senha''' is a village in the [[Senha block|Senha]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the Lohardaga Sadar subdivision of the [[Lohardaga district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> {{OSM Location map <br /> | width=320| height=300| zoom=10 <br /> | coord={{coord|23|28|0|N|84|42|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Lohadaga district in South Chotanagpur Division'''&lt;br/&gt;M: municipality, R: rural/ urban centre, B: Bauxite mining centre&lt;br/&gt;Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly<br /> <br /> |mark-coord1={{coord|23|21|45|N|84|47|55|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Bhandra| numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Bhandra, Lohardaga]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 <br /> |mark-coord2={{coord|23|27|6|N|84|49|39|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Kairo| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Kairo, Lohardaga]] (R) <br /> |mark-coord3={{coord|23|31|6|N|84|39|56|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Kisko| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Kisko, Lohardaga]] (R) <br /> |mark-coord4={{coord|23|32|39|N|84|49|9|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Kuru| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Kuru, Lohardaga]] (R) <br /> |mark-coord5={{coord|23|33|37|N|84|33|20|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Peshrar| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Peshrar]] (R) <br /> |mark-coord6={{coord|23|23|12|N|84|39|5|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Senha| numbered6=R| mark-title6= Senha (R)|shape-color6=black| label-size6=13|label-color6=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt; <br /> |mark-coord7={{coord|23|26|24|N|84|40|48|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7=Lohardaga| numbered7=M| mark-title7= [[Lohardaga]] (M) |label-color7=#800000 <br /> |mark-coord8={{coord|23|28|24|N|84|37|27|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Bagru | numbered8=B| mark-title8=[[Bagru, Lohardaga]] (B) |shape-color8= #A40000 <br /> |mark-coord9={{coord|23|27|5|N|84|36|40|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Hisri | numbered9=B| mark-title9=[[Hisri]] (B) |shape-color9= #A40000 <br /> |mark-coord10={{coord|23|34|12|N|84|36|56|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Pakhar | numbered10=B| mark-title10=[[Pakhar, Lohardaga]] (B) |shape-color10= #A40000 <br /> |mark-coord11={{coord|23|26|40|N|84|46|0|E}} |label11= South Koel |labela11= River |label-color11 = #77A1CB| label-angle11= -5| label-pos11=top| label-size11=10| mark-size11=0| mark-title11 =none}}<br /> <br /> ===Location=== <br /> Senha is located at {{coord|23.3868|N|84.6516|E|display=inline}}<br /> <br /> ===Area overview=== <br /> The map alongside shows an undulating plateau area with the hilly tract in the west and north-west. Three [[Bauxite mining]] centres are marked. It is an overwhelmingly rural district with 87.6% of the population living in the rural areas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 9: Physical features, Page 22: Census findings |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 23 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Civic administration==<br /> <br /> ===Police station=== <br /> There is a police station at Senha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/lohardaga| title = District Police Profile - Lohardaga| publisher = Jharkhand Police| access-date = 22 October 2021| archive-date = 25 October 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211025193818/https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/lohardaga| url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===CD block HQ=== <br /> The headquarters of Senha CD block are located at Senha village.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Lohardaga district on the third page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 22 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics== <br /> According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Senha had a total population of 7,011, of which 3,562 (51%) were males and 3,449 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 1,034. The total number of literate persons in Senha was 4,530 (75.79% of the population over 6 years).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2011_PART_B_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 363157, pages 98-99|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 22 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> (*For language details see [[Senha block#Language and religion]])<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> [[Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya]] is a Hindi-medium girls only institution established in 2006. It has facilities for teaching from class VI to class XII. The school has a playground, a library with 1,345 books and has 5 computers for learning and teaching purposes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/lohardaga/20150308305/kgbv-senha.html | title = KGBV Senha | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 22 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sushila Devi Girls High School Senha is a Hindi-medium girls only institution established in 1984. it has facilities for teaching from class VII to class X. The school has a playground, a library with 230 books and has 2 computers for teaching and learning purposes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/lohardaga/20150308310/shushila-devi-girls-hs-senha.html | title = Sushila Devi Girls HS Senha | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 22 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> St. Marks Middle School Senha is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1999. It has facilities for teaching from class I to class VIII.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/lohardaga/20150308306/st-marks-ms-senha.html | title = St. Marks MS Senha | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 22 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Coeducational high schools are about 10&amp;nbsp;km away.<br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{South Chotanagpur Division}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Lohardaga district]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Group_of_Three&diff=501237 2026-01-20T00:35:05Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Informal grouping of the U.S., China, and India}}<br /> {{Redirect|Group of 3|the trade agreement|G3 Free Trade Agreement}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br /> The '''Group of Three''' ('''G-3''' or '''G3''') is an informal grouping made up of the [[United States]], [[China]], and [[India]]. These countries are the [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|three largest countries]] by [[gross domestic product]] based on [[purchasing power parity]] (PPP). They are also the [[List of countries by population (United Nations)|three largest countries by population]].<br /> <br /> References to a Group of Three of the United States, China, and India date back to the twenty-first century. Like the [[Group of Two|G2]] grouping of the United States and China, the original concept was rooted in the strong economic growth of India and China since the 1990s which led to them becoming [[emerging power]]s and [[great power]]s in the early twenty-first century. The [[World Economic Forum]] used the term G3 in 2023, after India became the fastest-growing major economy in the first three years after the [[COVID-19 recession]]. Since then, World Economic Forum President [[Børge Brende]] continuously promoted the idea of the G3.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The United States became the third most-populous country after China and India in the 1990s after the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|dissolution]] of the [[Soviet Union]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1991-02.pdf |title=Population and Area (Historical Censuses) |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=June 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624185938/http://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1991-02.pdf |archive-date=June 24, 2008 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Almanaque Mundial 1996, Editorial América/Televisa, Mexico, 1995, pp. 548–552 (Demografía/Biometría table).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === The Quad ===<br /> {{main|Quadrilateral Security Dialogue}}<br /> In early 2007, [[Japan]]ese Prime Minister [[Shinzo Abe]] proposed the [[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue]], under which [[India]] would join a formal multilateral dialogue with [[Japan]], the [[United States]] and [[Australia]].&lt;ref&gt;Brewster, David(2010). &quot;The Australia-India Security Declaration: The Quadrilateral Redux?&quot;. ANU.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/pmv0708/speech-2.html |date=22 August 2007 |title=&quot;Confluence of the Two Seas&quot; Speech by H.E.Mr. Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan at the Parliament of the Republic of India |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan |access-date=14 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; This grouping became known as the Quad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Martin |first1=Sarah |title=Albanese insists 'we will determine our values' after Chinese premier reaches out to new PM |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/may/24/anthony-albanese-tells-quad-summit-australia-will-help-build-stronger-indo-pacific |access-date=10 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=24 May 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=A. Smith |first=Sheila |date=27 May 2021 |title=The Quad in the Indo-Pacific: What to Know |url=https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/quad-indo-pacific-what-know |access-date=24 September 2024 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a grouping of [[Australia]], [[India]], [[Japan]], and the [[United States]] that is maintained by talks between member countries. The grouping follows the &quot;Tsunami Core Group&quot; and its &quot;new type of diplomacy&quot; developed in response to the 2004 [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Buchan |first1=Patrick Gerard |last2=Rimland |first2=Benjamin |date=16 March 2020 |title=Defining the Diamond: The Past, Present, and Future of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/defining-diamond-past-present-and-future-quadrilateral-security-dialogue |access-date=24 January 2025 |website=CSIS.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; The partnership is known formally as the &quot;Quad,&quot; not the &quot;Quadrilateral Security Dialogue,&quot; noting its nature as a diplomatic, not security, partnership.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Quad |url=https://www.dfat.gov.au/international-relations/regional-architecture/quad |website=Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade}}&lt;/ref&gt; The &quot;Quadrilateral Security Dialogue&quot; is a misnomer not used officially by the Quad governments.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}<br /> <br /> The initiation of an American, Japanese, Australian and Indian defense arrangement, modeled on the concept of a [[Democratic peace theory|Democratic Peace]], was credited to Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chellaney&quot;&gt;Chellaney, Brahma. [http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/eo20081103bc.html &quot;Different playbooks aimed at balancing Asia’s powers&quot;]. ''The Japan Times'', 3 November 2008 (originally published by the BBC Monitoring South Asia).&lt;/ref&gt; The Quad was supposed to establish an &quot;Asian Arc of Democracy&quot;, envisioned to ultimately include countries in Central Asia, Mongolia, the Korean Peninsula, and other countries in Southeast Asia: &quot;virtually all the countries on China’s periphery, except for China itself.&quot; This led some critics, such as former [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Department]] official [[Morton Abramowitz]], to call the project &quot;an anti-Chinese move&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;Ching, Frank. [https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2008/04/171_19480.html &quot;Asian Arc of Democracy&quot;] ''[[Korea Times]]'', 24 February 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; while others have called it a &quot;democratic challenge&quot; to the projected Chinese century, mounted by Asian powers in coordination with the United States. While China has traditionally favored the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]], the Quad was viewed as an &quot;Asian [[NATO]];&quot; Daniel Twining of the German Marshall Fund of the United States has written that the arrangement &quot;could lead to military conflict,&quot; or could instead &quot;lay an enduring foundation for peace&quot; if China becomes a democratic leader in Asia.&lt;ref&gt;Twining, Daniel. [http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/29d6bc30-6bc9-11dc-863b-0000779fd2ac.html &quot;The new Asian order’s challenge to China&quot;]. ''Financial Times'', 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During the [[2017 ASEAN Summits]] in [[Manila]], all four former members led by Abe, Australian Prime Minister [[Malcolm Turnbull]], Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], and US President [[Donald Trump]] agreed to revive the Quad partnership in order to counter China militarily and diplomatically in the [[Indo-Pacific]] region, particularly in the [[South China Sea]]. Tensions between Quad members and China have led to fears of what was dubbed by some commentators &quot;a [[Second Cold War|new Cold War]]&quot; in the region,&lt;ref name=&quot;jamali&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Jamali |first1=Naveed |last2=O'Connor |first2=Tom |title=US, China's Geopolitical Battle for Asia Shapes New Power Dynamic for Region |url=https://www.newsweek.com/us-china-geopolitical-battle-asia-shapes-power-dynamics-region-1541509 |access-date=13 April 2021 |work=Newsweek |date=22 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;heydarian&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Heydarian |first1=Richard |author-link1=Richard Heydarian |title=Quad summit next step towards an Asian NATO |url=https://asiatimes.com/2021/03/quad-summit-next-step-towards-an-asian-nato/ |access-date=13 April 2021 |work=Asia Times |date=13 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kobara&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Kobara |first1=Junnosuke |last2=Moriyasu |first2=Ken |title=Japan will turn to Quad in 'new Cold War': Defense Ministry think tank |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Japan-will-turn-to-Quad-in-new-Cold-War-Defense-Ministry-think-tank |access-date=13 April 2021 |work=Nikkei Asia |date=27 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aj_rasheed&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Rasheed |first1=Zaheena |title=What is the Quad and can it counter China's rise? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/25/what-is-the-quad-can-us-india-japan-and-australia-deter-china |access-date=13 April 2021 |work=Al Jazeera |date=25 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;power_scmp&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Power |first1=John |title=What is the Quad, and how will it impact US-China relations under the Biden administration? |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/explained/article/3122933/what-quad-and-how-will-it-impact-us-china-relations-under-biden |access-date=13 April 2021 |work=South China Morning Post |date=24 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the Chinese government responded to the Quad dialogue by issuing formal diplomatic protests to its members, calling it &quot;Asian [[NATO]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author1=DIPANJAN ROY CHAUDHURY |title=India never had a NATO mentality: EAM S Jaishankar |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-never-had-a-nato-mentality-eam-s-jaishankar/articleshow/82071959.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====China's opposition====<br /> China sent diplomatic protests to all four members of the Quad before any formal convention of its members.&lt;ref&gt;Nicholson, Brendan. [http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/china-warns-canberra-on-pact/2007/06/14/1181414466861.html &quot;China warns Canberra on security pact&quot;]. ''The Age'', 15 June 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; In May 2007 in [[Manila]], Australian Prime Minister John Howard participated with other members in the inaugural meeting of the Quad at Cheney's urging, one month after joint naval exercises near Tokyo by India, Japan and the United States. In September 2007 further naval exercises were held in the [[Bay of Bengal]], including Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chellaney&quot; /&gt; These were followed in October by a further security agreement between Japan and India, ratified during a visit by Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to Tokyo, to promote sea lane safety and defence collaboration; Japan had previously established such an agreement only with Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chellaney&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Though the Quadrilateral initiative of the [[Presidency of George W. Bush|Bush administration]] improved relationships with New Delhi, it gave the impression of &quot;encircling&quot; China.&lt;ref name=&quot;LeeStraits&quot; /&gt; The security agreement between Japan and India furthermore made China conspicuous as absent on the list of Japan's strategic partners in Asia.&lt;ref name=&quot;BusTim Ed&quot; /&gt; These moves appeared to &quot;institutionally alienate&quot; China, the [[ASEAN|Association of South-East Asian Nations]] (ASEAN), and promote a &quot;Washington-centric&quot; ring of alliances in Asia.&lt;ref name=&quot;LeeStraits&quot;&gt;Lee, John, &quot;Bush legacy: Better US-India relations.&quot; ''The Straits Times (Singapore)'', 8 October 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BusTim Ed&quot;&gt;Editorial: &quot;China left out in India-Japan pact&quot;. ''The Business Times Singapore'', 28 October 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Japanese Prime Minister succeeding Abe, [[Taro Aso]], downplayed the importance of China in the Japan-India pact signed following the creation of the Quad, stating, &quot;There was mention of China – and we do not have any assumption of a third country as a target such as China.&quot; Indian Foreign Secretary [[Shiv Shankar Menon]] similarly argued that the defence agreement was long overdue because of Indian freight trade with Japan, and did not specifically target China.&lt;ref&gt;Varadarajan, Siddharth. &quot;Indian PM stresses economic, security ties with Japan not at cost of China.&quot; The Hindu (via ''[[BBC]] Monitoring South Asia''), 23 October 2008. {{ProQuest|460061567}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the cusp of visits to China and meetings with [[Premier of China|Premier]] [[Wen Jiabao]] and [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|CCP General Secretary]] [[Hu Jintao]] in January 2008, the Indian prime minister, [[Manmohan Singh]], declared that &quot;India is not part of any so-called contain China effort,&quot; after being asked about the Quad.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080112213919/http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/11/stories/2008011164001200.htm &quot;PM says India not part of “so called contain China” effort&quot;] The Hindu, 11 January 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Rise of China and India ===<br /> {| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;timeline&gt;<br /> ImageSize = width:auto height:360 barincrement:50<br /> PlotArea = left:50 bottom:15 top:10 right:20<br /> AlignBars = justify<br /> TimeAxis = orientation:vertical<br /> DateFormat = x.y<br /> Period = from:0.0 till:40<br /> ScaleMajor = unit:day start:0.0 increment:2<br /> <br /> PlotData =<br /> color:blue width:35<br /> bar:China from:start till:39.44<br /> bar:US from:start till:30.34<br /> bar:India from:start till:17.36<br /> <br /> PlotData =<br /> bar:China at:39.84 fontsize:S text:39.44 shift:(-9,0)<br /> bar:US at:30.74 fontsize:S text:30.34 shift:(-9,0)<br /> bar:India at:17.76 fontsize:S text:17.36 shift:(-9,0)<br /> <br /> TextData =<br /> pos:(0,0) text:US$ Tn<br /> &lt;/timeline&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:90%;&quot;|Largest economies in the world by GDP (PPP) in 2025&lt;br /&gt;according to [[International Monetary Fund]] estimates&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=GDP, current prices Purchasing power parity; billions of international dollars |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/PPPGDP@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD |access-date=9 February 2025 |website=www.imf.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> &lt;!--No figures are based on national statistics in this article, which uses figures from the IMF.--&gt;<br /> {{Main|China–India relations|India-United States relations|Look East policy (India)}}<br /> China and India's economic growth led to observers predicting they will grow in geopolitical influence to shape a &quot;new G3&quot; alongside the United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Merchant&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-india-shaping-the-new-g3-2580170|title=India shaping the new G3|last=Merchant|first=Minhaz|date=1 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=WEF /&gt;<br /> <br /> Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] in his opening statement, on 24 May 2022, remarked the Quad has gained a significant place on the world stage and that it is a “force for good” for the [[Indo-Pacific|Indo-Pacific region]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Quad A Force For Good, Makes Indo-Pacific Better, Says PM Modi: 10 Points |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modis-at-quad-summit-in-tokyo-quad-a-force-for-good-helps-make-a-better-indo-pacific-region-3003210 |access-date=25 May 2022 |website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The 2024 Quad meeting was originally set to be hosted by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and was scheduled to be held in January immediately following [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day in India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mattoo |first=Shashank |date=13 December 2023 |title=Quad meet moved to late 2024 with Biden expected to pass on Republic Day invite |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/world/quad-meet-moved-to-late-2024-with-biden-expected-to-pass-on-republic-day-invite-11702407612323.html |access-date=5 April 2024 |website=mint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The meeting was then postponed to September in that year and was hosted by US president [[Joe Biden]] in [[Delaware]], United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Haidar |first=Suhasini |date=5 February 2024 |title=Quad summit more likely after the U.S. elections in November: American envoy Garcetti |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/quad-summit-more-likely-after-the-us-elections-in-november-american-envoy-garcetti/article67815260.ece |access-date=5 April 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; During a visit by [[Eric Garcetti]], the idea of a QUAD [[satellite]], to be built in co-operation between the US and India was mooted.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Ambassador of the United States to India visited ISRO |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Ambassador_UnitedStates_visited_ISRO.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524112904/https://www.isro.gov.in/Ambassador_UnitedStates_visited_ISRO.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 May 2024 |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; The summit held on 21 September 2024 committed the nations to the Quad Cancer Moonshot Initiative, and to the elimination of cervical cancer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Murphy |first1=Erin L. |last2=Bliss |first2=Katherine E. |last3=Morrison |first3=J. Stephen |date=22 October 2024 |title=The Quad's Cancer Moonshot Initiative |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/quads-cancer-moonshot-initiative |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=CSIS.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Stolberg |first=Sheryl Gay |date=21 September 2024 |title=Biden Hosts a Final 'Quad Summit' at His Delaware Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/21/us/politics/biden-quad-summit.html |access-date=29 January 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The joint statement of the Quad foreign ministers' meeting on 21 January 2025 affirmed strengthening a free and open Indo-Pacific, and its opposition to &quot;any unilateral actions that seek to change the status quo by force or coercion&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Joint Statement by the Quad Foreign Ministers |url=https://www.state.gov/joint-statement-by-the-quad-foreign-ministers/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=United States Department of State |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The statement did not mention the Quad's commitment to denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 January 2025 |title=Quad joint statement omits reference to Korean Peninsula denuclearization |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2025/01/103_390969.html |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=The Korea Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; signalling the US government's shift to recognize North Korea as nuclear state.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2025 |title=Trump calls North Korea a 'nuclear power,' drawing a rebuke from Seoul |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/trump-calls-north-korea-nuclear-power-drawing-rebuke-seoul-rcna188490 |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=NBC News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 January 2025 |title=South Korea says North not a 'nuclear power' following Hegseth's confirmation hearing remarks |url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-01-15/national/diplomacy/South-Korea-says-North-not-a-nuclear-power-following-Hegseths-confirmation-hearing-remarks/2223015 |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Korea Joongang Daily |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Concept of the Indo-Pacific===<br /> {{Main|Indo-Pacific}}<br /> India and the United States have played a major role in purposefully redefining the &quot;Asia-Pacific&quot; as the &quot;[[Indo-Pacific]]&quot;, to deepen trans-regional ties between the Indian and Pacific Ocean areas, and to, in their words, deal more effectively with the [[Chinese Century|rise of China]] in Asia, the Middle East and Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AP1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.asiapacific.ca/sites/default/files/publication-pdf/CANADA%20AND%20THE%20INDO-PACIFIC%20%281%29.pdf |title=Canada and the Indo-Pacific |website=[[Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada]] |date=September 2020 |access-date=9 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=perthasia1&gt;{{cite web |title=Towards a Quad-Plus Arrangement? |url=https://perthusasia.edu.au/our-work/towards-a-quad-plus-arrangement |website=Perth USAsia Centre |access-date=5 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Indo-Pacific&quot; gained traction in the political lexicon and strategic thinking of not only between India and China, but also [[ASEAN]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano_en/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/elcano/elcano_in/zonas_in/asia-pacific/ari29-2021-wacker-europe-and-the-indo-pacific-comparing-france-germany-and-the-netherlands |date=9 March 2021 |title=Europe and the Indo-Pacific: comparing France, Germany and the Netherlands |author=Gudrun Wacker |website=[[Elcano Royal Institute]] |access-date=9 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; the European Union, the United Kingdom, France,&lt;ref name=&quot;eastasiaforum.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2019/12/12/frances-indo-pacific-strategy-inclusive-and-principled/ |date=12 December 2019 |title=France's Indo-Pacific strategy: inclusive and principled |website=[[East Asia Forum]] |access-date=9 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Germany,&lt;ref name=&quot;Caroline Tang&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.eias.org/news/risk-diversification-germany-joins-the-indo-pacific-policy-arena/ |date=10 November 2020 |title=Risk Diversification: Germany Joins the Indo-Pacific Policy Arena |author=Caroline Tang |website=European Institute for Asian Studies |access-date=9 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the Netherlands.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sebastian Strangio&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/11/following-france-and-germany-the-netherlands-pivots-to-the-indo-pacific/ |date=18 November 2020 |title=Following France and Germany, the Netherlands Pivots to the Indo-Pacific |website=The Diplomat |author=Sebastian Strangio |access-date=9 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === World Economic Forum ===<br /> President of the World Economic Forum Borge Brende promoted the idea of a Group of Three between China, India, and the United States since 2023.&lt;ref name=Kumar&gt;{{cite web |first=Manoj |last=Kumar |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/visualstories/news/india-us-and-china-will-lead-the-new-world-order-president-of-world-economic-forum-predicts-the-emergence-of-india-as-a-global-super-power-58837-28-08-2023 |title=India, China, and the U.S. Will Lead the New World Order |date=28 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Brende noted India in 2023 was &quot;the fastest-growing major economy for the third consecutive year&quot;.&lt;ref name=WEF&gt;{{cite web|title='India, US and China will lead the New World Order': President of World Economic Forum predicts the emergence of India as a global super power|last=Mishra|first=Tarun|work=Business Today|date=26 August 2023 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india-at-100/story/india-us-and-china-will-lead-the-new-world-order-president-of-world-economic-forum-predicts-the-emergence-of-india-as-a-global-super-power-395715-2023-08-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; The same year, [[Michael Klare]] argued the G-3 would increasingly shape the twenty-first century given the weakness of [[Russia]] displayed during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Klare |first=Michael |title=Goodbye to American Century: China and India Now Rising |date=19 May 2023 |url=https://www.fairobserver.com/world-news/goodbye-to-american-century-china-and-india-now-rising/#}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2024, Brende reaffirmed his support for the concept of a G3 based on economic growth, saying &quot;This notion of G3 is now becoming a fact&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/india-today-conclave-2024/story/20240401-indias-path-to-a-10-trillion-economy-india-has-made-g3-a-fact-2518177-2024-03-22|title=India's path to a $10 trillion economy; India has made G3 a fact|work=IndiaToday|date=22 March 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Although some sources claim Brende first coined the term G3, it was used before him.&lt;ref name=WEF /&gt;&lt;ref name=Kumar /&gt;&lt;ref name=Merchant /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Other geopolitical usage of the term ==<br /> While the G3 usually refers to China, India, and the United States, some sources replace India with another entity.&lt;ref name=WEF /&gt;&lt;ref name=Kumar /&gt;&lt;ref name=Merchant /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Teck Ghee&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=Carnegie /&gt;<br /> <br /> From the 1990s until 2006, the term referred to the [[G3 Free Trade Agreement]] between [[Colombia]], [[Mexico]], and [[Venezuela]]. The trade agreement lasted from 1995 to 2006, when Venezuelan President [[Hugo Chávez]] announced that his country would withdraw from the trade bloc.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000086&amp;sid=a._1nxVgPqe8 |title=Bloomberg.com: Latin America |website=www.bloomberg.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930045948/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000086&amp;sid=a._1nxVgPqe8&amp;refer=latin_america |archive-date=2007-09-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] once used the term to mean the growing power of the [[European Union]] instead of India.&lt;ref name=Carnegie&gt;{{cite web |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/10/us-china-relations-for-the-2030s-toward-a-realistic-scenario-for-coexistence?lang=en |title=US-China Relations for the 2030s: Towards a Realistic Scenario for Coexistence? |work=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}&lt;/ref&gt; Since [[Brexit]], the European Union is [[Member state of the European Union|currently composed of 27 member states]] known as the EU 27.<br /> <br /> Eurasia Review ran an opinion column using the term with [[Russia]] rather than India.&lt;ref name=&quot;Teck Ghee&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/31122024-2025-prediction-is-g3-in-the-making-oped/ |title=2025 Prediction: Is G3 in the Making? |first=Lim |last=Teck Ghee|date=31 December 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[G20]]<br /> * [[Group of Two]]<br /> * [[Superpower]]<br /> * [[China–United States relations]]<br /> * [[China-India relations]]<br /> * [[India-United States relations]]<br /> * [[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Foreign relations of China}}<br /> {{Foreign relations of India}}<br /> {{Foreign relations of the United States}}<br /> {{India–United States relations}}<br /> {{China-United States relations}}<br /> {{International power}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:China–United States relations]]<br /> [[Category:China–India relations]]<br /> [[Category:India–United States relations]]<br /> [[Category:India–United States military relations]]<br /> [[Category:Proposed international organizations]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bramhaarjun&diff=492336 2026-01-15T01:01:23Z

<p>JulianaThurston: created redirect page</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[List of Indian Bengali films of 2025#April–June]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mostafa_Jamal_Haider&diff=469980 2026-01-11T23:37:55Z

<p>JulianaThurston: quick corrected article for clarity and cleaned formatting after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Bangladeshi politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Mostafa Jamal Haider<br /> | native_name = মোস্তফা জামাল হায়দার<br /> | native_name_lang = bn<br /> | constituency_MP = [[Pirojpur-1]]<br /> | term_start = 1986<br /> | term_end = 1991<br /> | predecessor = ''Constituency created''<br /> | successor = [[Sudhangshu Shekhar Haldar]]<br /> | party = [[Jatiya Party (Zafar)|JP(Z)]]<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|12|10|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Backergunge District]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal Province]], [[British India]]<br /> | spouse = Jaushan Ara Begum (d. 2018)<br /> }}<br /> '''Mostafa Jamal Haider''' is a Bangladeshi politician affiliated with the [[Jatiya Party (Zafar)|Jatiya Party]] who served the [[Pirojpur-1]] district as a member of the [[Jatiya Sangsad]] from 1986 to 1991.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/bn/mps-bangla/members-of-parliament-bangla/former-mp-s/2014-03-23-11-53-31|title=৩য় জাতীয় সংসদ সদস্য তালিকা|last=|first=|date=|website=www.parliament.gov.bd|language=bn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918080059/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/3rd.pdf|archive-date=2018-09-18|access-date=2020-01-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/bn/mps-bangla/members-of-parliament-bangla/former-mp-s/2014-03-23-11-54-09|title=৪র্থ জাতীয় সংসদ সদস্য তালিকা|last=|first=|date=|website=www.parliament.gov.bd|language=bn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209173843/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-4th-parliament-members-bangla|archive-date=2018-12-09|access-date=2020-01-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is the current chairman of the [[Jatiya Party (Zafar)]].<br /> <br /> == Early life and career==<br /> Mostafa Jamal Haider was born on 10 December 1942 in [[Pirojpur District]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jatiyoparty.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=91:2010-06-19-09-58-06&amp;catid=42:presidium-member-&amp;Itemid=59|title=মোস্তফা জামাল হায়দার (পিরোজপুর)|website=www.jatiyoparty.org|access-date=2020-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Haider was elected to parliament from [[Pirojpur-1]] as a [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]] candidate in [[1986 Bangladeshi general election|1986]] and [[1988 Bangladeshi general election|1988]].{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180918080059/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/3rd.pdf List of 3rd Parliament Members] -[[Jatiya Sangsad]] (In [[Bengali language|Bangla]])<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20181209173843/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-4th-parliament-members-bangla List of 4th Parliament Members] -[[Jatiya Sangsad]] (In [[Bengali language|Bangla]])<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Haider, Mostafa Jamal}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1942 births]]<br /> [[Category:People from Nazirpur Upazila]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Pirojpur District]]<br /> [[Category:Jatiya Party (Ershad) politicians]]<br /> [[Category:3rd Jatiya Sangsad members]]<br /> [[Category:4th Jatiya Sangsad members]]<br /> [[Category:Jatiya Party (Zafar) politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Pirojpur Government High School alumni]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{JatiyaParty-politician-stub}}</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vishal_V._Sharma&diff=544907 2026-01-08T16:09:12Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Created A Bio</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> '''Vishal V. Sharma''' is an Indian political figure. Sharma has been nominated as India's ambassador/permanent representative to UNESCO.&lt;ref name=&quot;apparatchik&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/diplomacy/vishal-sharma-india-unesco-ambassador|title=Apparatchik Who Called Modi ‘Supercomputer' Named as India's Ambassador to UNESCO|date=16 October 2020|accessdate=October 16, 2020|publisher=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|website=thewire.in}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/33122/Shri+Vishal+V+Sharma+has+been+appointed+as+the+next+Permanent+Representative+of+India+to+the+Permanent+Delegation+of+India+to+UNESCO+Paris|title=Shri Vishal V. Sharma has been appointed as the next Permanent Representative of India to the Permanent Delegation of India to UNESCO, Paris|website=mea.gov.in|date=15 October 2020|accessdate=October 16, 2020}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sharma has previously worked as an officer on special duty for [[Narendra Modi]] in [[Gujarat]], [[India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;apparatchik&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> Sharma has a Bachelor of Science in physics and a certificate in Executive Programme in Business Management from [[IIM Calcutta]].&lt;ref name=&quot;apparatchik&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://twitter.com/VishalVSharma7 Vishal Sharma on Twitter]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Vishal V.}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Permanent delegates of India to UNESCO]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajendra_Patel&diff=528547 2025-12-31T07:59:37Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Created New Page</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Gujarati-language poet, short story writer and critic (Born: 1958)}}<br /> {{Infobox writer <br /> | name = Rajendra Patel<br /> | image = Rajendra patel.jpg<br /> | caption = Patel at [[Gujarati Vishwakosh|Gujarat Vishwakosh Trust]]<br /> | birth_name = Rajendra Bhogilal Patel<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1958|8|20}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Welcome to Muse India 1958&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Welcome to Muse India | website=Welcome to Muse India | date=1958-08-28 | url=http://www.museindia.com/authorprofile.asp?myr=2011&amp;issid=36&amp;id=384 | accessdate=2016-07-21 | archive-date=2016-08-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819234841/http://www.museindia.com/authorprofile.asp?myr=2011&amp;issid=36&amp;id=384 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Naroda]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]] <br /> | occupation = Poet, Short story writer, Critic, Translator &lt;ref name=&quot;Kritya&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=kritya2012 « Kritya | website=Kritya | url=http://www.krityapoetryfestival.com/kritya2012/ | accessdate=2016-07-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]<br /> | education = [[Master of Science]]&lt;ref name=&quot;www.indianwriters.org 1958&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Rajendra Patel | website=www.indianwriters.org | date=1958-08-20 | url=http://www.indianwriters.org/R/rajendra_patel.htm | accessdate=2016-07-21 | archive-date=2016-08-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819035712/http://www.indianwriters.org/R/rajendra_patel.htm | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | alma_mater = [[Gujarat University]]<br /> | period = Post-modern [[Gujarati literature]]<br /> | genres = [[Free verse]], [[Sonnet]], [[Short story]], [[Essay]]<br /> | subjects =<br /> | movement = <br /> | notableworks =<br /> * ''Jueeni Sugandha'' (2003)<br /> * ''Shri Purant Janse'' (2009)<br /> | relatives = <br /> | awards = Best Book Prize of Gujarat Sahitya Akademi<br /> | signature = Rajendra Patel Autograph.svg<br /> | years_active = 1974 - present<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Rajendra Patel''' (born 20 August 1958) is a [[Gujarati language]] poet, short story writer and critic from [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. He has served as Vice President of [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] since 2014. His significant works include ''Jueeni Sugandha'' (2003; collection of short stories), ''Shri Purant Janse'' (2009; collection of poems) and ''Avagat'' (2014; collection of criticism). Gujarat Sahitya Akademi awarded him three times for his poems, short stories and criticism. His book ''Jueeni Sugandh'' was translated by Navneet Thakkar in [[Hindi]] as ''Juhi Ki Mahak'' (2007). He also served in the editorial team of ''[[Shabdasrishti]]'', a monthly magazine published by [[Gujarat Sahitya Akademi]].<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Patel was born on 20 August 1958 in the [[Naroda]] area of [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]; to Bhogilal and Lakshmibahen. He took his schooling from Diwan Ballubhai School, which is near [[Kankaria]], from 1968 to 1974. He received his [[Bachelor of Science]] from Bhavans College, Ahmedabad in 1978 in the [[Chemistry]] subject. He received his [[Master of Science]] in [[Organic Chemistry]] from the School of Science at [[Gujarat University]] in 1980.&lt;ref name= &quot;rp&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title = Gujarati Sahityakar Parichay Kosh|last = Shukla|first = Kirit|publisher = Gujarat Sahitya Akadami|year = 2013|isbn = 9789383317028|location = Gandhinagar|pages = 343}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt; He married in 1984 and has two daughters.&lt;ref&gt;Kabootar, Patang ane Darpan written by Rajendra Patel, year-2012, Publisher, Rangdwar prakashan, Ahmedabad, page-12, {{ISBN|978-93-80125-33-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> He started to write in 1974 and was published for first time in ''Vishwamanav'', a Gujarati language magazine. Subsequently, his poems were published in other literary magazines including Parab, [[Kumar (magazine)|Kumar]], [[Kavilok]], Kavita, Etad and Navneet Samarpan.<br /> <br /> He served as a treasurer of [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]], Ahmedabad from 2006 to 2009; as a member of the Advisory Board of Gujarati language at [[Sahitya Akademi]], [[New Delhi]] from 2009 to 2012; as a joint secretary of Vanche Gujarat Abhiyan, [[Gandhinagar]] from 2010 to 2011; as a secretary of Gujarati Sahitya Parishad from 2010 to 2013; and was serving as a Vice President of Gujarati Sahitya Parishad from 2014 to 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kritya.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Kritya :: Poetry In Our Time | website=Kritya.in | url=http://www.kritya.in/0607/En/poetry_at_our_time3.html | accessdate=2016-07-21 | archive-date=2016-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820074414/http://www.kritya.in/0607/En/poetry_at_our_time3.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; At present he is a trustee of Matrubhasha Abhiyan, Director of Anuvad Pratishthan and core team member of the [[Gujarat Literature Festival]] in Ahmedabad. He is also running a pharmaceutical company.&lt;ref name=&quot;Welcome to Muse India 1958&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Works ==<br /> === Poem collections ===<br /> * ''Koshma Suryodaya'' (2004)<br /> * ''Shree Purant Janse'' (2009)<br /> * ''Kabutar, Patang ane Darpan'' (2012)<br /> * ''Ek Shodhaparva'' (2013)<br /> * ''Bapujini Chhatri'' (2014)<br /> * ''Vastuparva'' (2016)<br /> *Chandostav (2021) <br /> *Vasiyatnamu (2021) <br /> <br /> === Short story collections ===<br /> * ''Jueeni Sugandha'' (2003)<br /> * ''Adhuri Shodh'' (2009)<br /> * ''Akbandh Aakash'' (2011)<br /> <br /> ===Essay Collection===<br /> * ''Baari Pase...'' (2021)<br /> <br /> === Literary criticism ===<br /> * ''Avagahan'' (2010)<br /> * ''Avagat'' (2014)<br /> * ''Morito Chahi Na Ami'' (2015, [[Sri Aurobindo]] and [[Rabindranath Tagore]]'s poetry).<br /> * ''Videshi Kavyvishesh'' (2021) <br /> * ''Ravindrasahitya Vishesh'' (2021) <br /> * ''Pankhi na Jane'' (2021)<br /> * ''Fal ane Falshruti'' (2021)<br /> <br /> ===Editing===<br /> * ''Bhogilal Gandhi Janmashatabdi Grantha'' (2011; birth centenary volume on [[Bhogilal Gandhi]])&lt;ref name=&quot;opinionmagazine&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ભોગીલાલ ગાંધી જન્મ શતાબ્દી ગ્રંથ : પુસ્તક પરિચય|website=Opinion Magazine|date=13 January 2017|url=https://opinionmagazine.co.uk/details/2343/bhogilal-gandhi-janma-sataabdee-granth-pustak-parichay|language=gu|access-date=13 February 2022|archive-date=13 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213211635/https://opinionmagazine.co.uk/details/2343/bhogilal-gandhi-janma-sataabdee-granth-pustak-parichay|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Recognition ==<br /> He received prizes from [[Gujarat Sahitya Akademi]] for his short story collection ''Jueeni Sugandh'' in 2004, for his poetry collection ''Shree Purant Janse'' in 2009&lt;ref name= &quot;rp&quot;/&gt; and for his criticism book &quot;Avagat&quot; in 2014.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{GujLit author}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Rajendra}}<br /> [[Category:Modernist writers]]<br /> [[Category:1958 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male poets]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarati-language poets]]<br /> [[Category:People from Ahmedabad district]]<br /> [[Category:Poets from Gujarat]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deva_Raya_I&diff=452062 2025-12-18T13:05:36Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Updated article with clearer structure</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Emperor of Vijayanagara from 1406 to 1423}}<br /> {{About||the 2012 film|Devaraya (film)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox royalty<br /> | image = Devaraya I coin.png<br /> | image_size = 250<br /> | caption = Gold [[Pagoda (coin)|Pagoda]] of Deva Raya I<br /> | succession = [[Emperor of Vijayanagara]]<br /> | reign = 5 November 1406&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145214|last=Lakshmi|first=Kumari Jhansi|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=1958|volume=21 |pages=290–297 |title=The Chronology of the Sangama Dynasty|jstor=44145214 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;a029&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=From Prehistoric Times To The Fall Of Vijayanagar : K. A. Nilakanta Sastri : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive | website=Internet Archive | date=22 September 2015 | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.461121/page/n255/ | access-date=26 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; – 25 February 1423<br /> | predecessor = [[Bukka Raya II]]<br /> | successor = [[Ramachandra Raya]]<br /> | birth_date = {{circa|1370}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Vijayanagara]], [[Vijayanagara Empire]] &lt;br/&gt; (modern day [[Hampi]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]])<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|1423|02|25|1370|||df=y}}<br /> | death_place = [[Vijayanagara]], [[Vijayanagara Empire]] &lt;br/&gt; (modern day [[Hampi]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]])<br /> | issue = [[Ramachandra Raya]] &lt;br/&gt;<br /> [[Veera Vijaya Bukka Raya|Bukka Raya III]]<br /> | house = [[Sangama dynasty|Sangama]]<br /> | father = [[Harihara II]]<br /> | mother = Bhima Devi<br /> | religion = [[Hinduism]]<br /> | dynasty = [[Vijayanagara]]<br /> }}<br /> {{Vijayanagara empire}}<br /> '''Deva Raya I''' ({{circa|1370}} – 25 February 1423) was an Emperor of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] (of the [[Sangama Dynasty]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;sen2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=103–108}}&lt;/ref&gt; After [[Harihara II]] died, there was a dispute among his sons over succession, in which Deva Raya I eventually emerged victor. He was a very capable ruler noted for his military exploits and his support to irrigation works in his empire.&lt;ref name=&quot;kul&quot;&gt;Kulakarṇī, Nayeem, De Souza (1996), p.106&lt;/ref&gt; He modernized the Vijayanagara army by improving the cavalry, employed skilled archers of the Turkic clans and raised the fighting capacity of his bowmen and imported horses from [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] and Persia.&lt;ref name=&quot;bow&quot;&gt;Bowman,(2013) p.271&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Italian traveler [[Niccolò de' Conti|Niccolo Conti]], who visited Vijayanagara {{Circa}} 1420, described Deva Raya I thus: &quot;In this city, there are 90,000 men fit to bear arms... their king is more powerful than all the kings of India&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;bow&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mos&quot;&gt;Chopra, Ravindran and Subrahmanian (2003), p.31&lt;/ref&gt; Conti also noted that the royal city had grown to a circumference of 60&amp;nbsp;mi.&lt;ref name=&quot;cir&quot;&gt;Kamath (1980), p.163&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Deva Raya I was a patron of [[Kannada literature]] and architecture. Madhura, a noted Jain poet was in his court and wrote in Kannada the ''Dharmanathapurana'' on the life of the fifteenth Jain [[Tirthankara]] (Dharmanatha), and a poem in eulogy of [[Gommateshvara]] of [[Shravanabelagola]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gomma&quot;&gt;Sastri (1955), p.360&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Irrigation works and general administration==<br /> [[File:Hampi, Hazararama Temple (6338545206).jpg|thumb|The Hazara Rama temple built by Deva Raya I in [[Hampi]]]]<br /> [[File:Kannada inscription of Deva Raya I (1406-1424 AD) at the Hazara Rama temple in Hampi.JPG|thumb|upright|Kannada inscription of Deva Raya I at the Hazara Rama temple in Hampi]]{{Main|Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1417–1419)}}<br /> The credit for making the capital city of the Vijayanagara Empire one of the biggest cities in the 15th century goes to Deva Raya I. He realized that the scarcity of water, both for drinking and irrigation, was restricting the growth of the royal capital.&lt;ref name=&quot;kul&quot;/&gt; In {{Circa}} 1410 he had a barrage constructed across the [[Tungabhadra River]] and commissioned a 24&amp;nbsp;km long aqueduct from the Tungabhadra River to the capital.&lt;ref&gt;V.K Agnihotri (2007), India History, p.150, Allied Publishers Private Limited, {{ISBN|8184242999}}&lt;/ref&gt; The account provided by Nuniz gives details of the projects undertaken by Deva Raya I that brought prosperity to the empire. He maintained a secular attitude in administrative matters. He had a mosque and a slaughter house constructed for the convenience of the Muslim soldiers in his army.&lt;ref name=&quot;slaughter&quot;&gt;Chopra, Ravindran and Subrahmanian (2003), pp.30-31&lt;/ref&gt; In {{Circa}} 1413, a dispute over property between the Shanka Jainalya of [[Lakshmeshwara]] and the Someshvara temple trust of the palace was settled in favor of the Jains. Deva Raya I had a Muslim bodyguard who built a [[choultry]] in honor of the Emperor.&lt;ref name=&quot;cir&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Military campaigns==<br /> {{Main|War of the Goldsmith's Daughter|Fifth Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1417–1419)}}<br /> <br /> Throughout his reign, Deva Raya was continually at war with the Velamas of Golconda, the Bahmani Sultan of [[Gulbarga]], the Reddis of Kondavidu, and the traditional rivals of Vijayanagara, the Gajapatis of Kalinga. Deva Raya I was capable of managing the vast territory that he controlled by employing skilled archers of the Turkic clan and raised the fighting capacity of his bowmen. Following a confusion in the Reddi kingdom, Deva Raya I entered into an alliance with Warangal for partitioning the Reddi kingdom between them.&lt;ref name=&quot;chandra&quot;&gt;Chandra (1997), p.180&lt;/ref&gt; The split of Warangal changed the balance of power in the Deccan. In c.1420, Firoz Shah invaded Pangal but the two-year siege at Pangal ended in disease and disaster for Firoz Shah's armies. Deva Raya inflicted a shattering defeat on Firoz Shah.&lt;ref&gt;Chandra, Satish (1997), p.180, ''Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals - Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526)'', Har-Anand Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi&lt;/ref&gt; Deva Raya's army massacred Firoz Shah's troops and created a great platform with their heads upon the field of battle. Firoz was followed deep into his own territory, which was completely devastated by the rampaging Hindu army under Deva Raya I. The Hindu army destroyed many mosques and holy places belonging to the Islamic community, and committed great carnages on the civilian Muslim population. The Sultan had to hand over the southern and eastern districts of his kingdom to Deva Raya I to secure peace. Consequently, by c.1422, Deva Raya I came to control territory up to the [[Krishna River]] - [[Tungabhadra River]] doab including Pangal&lt;ref name=&quot;chandra&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;chow&quot;&gt;Chaurasia (2002) p.109&lt;/ref&gt; In the following days, the distressed Sultan died after leading a life of piety after abdicating power to his brother Ahmad.&lt;ref name=&quot;cir&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pangal&quot;&gt;Sastri (1955). p.225&lt;/ref&gt; Unable to accept this turnaround, the Gajapati Emperor Bhanudeva of Odisha invaded Rajamahendri. When a war with Vijayanagara seemed imminent, some skilful diplomacy by Vijayanagara chief Dodda Alla averted it.&lt;ref name=&quot;war&quot;&gt;Chopra, Ravindran and Subrahmanian (2003), p.30&lt;/ref&gt; Deva Raya was to be succeeded by his sons [[Ramachandra Raya]] and shortly thereafter by [[Vijaya Raya]].<br /> <br /> ==Ferishta's account==<br /> Persian writer Ferishta narrates an interesting story, of the kings' love for a beautiful girl, a daughter of a goldsmith from Mudugal in the [[Raichur district]]. Unable to wed her, a frustrated Deva Raya I attacked Mudgal and laid to waste a few villages. Aroused by this provocation, the [[Bahmani]] Sultan [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah]] invaded Vijayanagara leading to defeat of Deva Raya I. Though injured in the conflict, Firuz Shah sent his able commanders who successfully invaded Vijayanagara territory south of [[Adoni]].<br /> <br /> According to this account, Deva Raya I had to give as tribute, one of his daughters in marriage to the Sultan's prince,&lt;ref name=&quot;sen2&quot;/&gt; several pearls and cash, [[Bankapura]] territory, fifty elephants, and 2,000 dancers. The goldsmith's daughter who was the reason for the war was wedded to Hassan Khan, a prince in the Sultan's family.&lt;ref name=&quot;cir&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;prince&quot;&gt;Sastri (1955), pp.224-225&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> One of Deva Raya's queens Bhima Devi was a disciple of the Jain guru Abhinava Charukirti Panditacharya. She was a devotee of [[Shantinatha]], 16th Jain ''[[tirthankara]]'' and built a temple at the Mangayi Basti in [[Shravanabelagola]].&lt;ref name=&quot;basti&quot;&gt;Sangave (1981), p.46&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Gallery==<br /> &lt;gallery widths=180&gt;<br /> File:Mallikarjuna temple (1406-1422 AD) at Hospet.JPG|Mallikarjuna temple in Mallapangudi, near [[Hospet]], built by Deva Raya I<br /> File:Kannada inscription of Deva Raya I (1406-1422 AD) at Mallikarjuna temple in Hospet.JPG|Kannada inscription of Deva Raya I at the Mallikarjuna temple in Mallappanagudi<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> == Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> * {{cite book |last=Chandra |first= Satish|title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One|orig-year=1997|year=2004|publisher=Har-Anand Publications |location=New Delhi}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Chaurasia |first=Radhey Shyam |title= History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.|orig-year=2002|year=2002|publisher=Atlantic Publiushers |location=New Delhi|isbn=81-269-0123-3 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last= Nilakanta Sastri|first= K.A.|title= A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|orig-year=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|isbn= 0-19-560686-8}}<br /> * {{cite book |last= Kamath|first= Suryanath U.|title= A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present|orig-year=1980|year= 2001|publisher= Jupiter books|location= Bangalore|oclc= 7796041 |lccn= 80905179}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Bowman|first=John Stewart|title=Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture|orig-year=2013|year=2013|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0231-11004-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Kulakarṇī,Nayeem,De Souza|first=A. Rā, M. A., Teotonio R.|title=Mediaeval Deccan History: Commemoration Volume in Honour of Purshottam Mahadeo Joshi|orig-year=1996|year=1996|publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=81-7154-579-3}}<br /> * {{cite book |title=New Light on Hampi, Recent research in Vijayanagara|editor1=John M. Fritz |editor2=George Michell |orig-year=2001|year=2001|publisher=Marg|location=Mumbai|isbn=81-85026-53-X }}<br /> *{{cite book |last1= Chopra|first1= P.N.|last2= Ravindran|first2= T.K.|last3=Subrahmanian|first3= N|title= History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern) Part 2|orig-year=2003|year=2003|publisher= Chand Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn= 81-219-0153-7}}<br /> * {{citation |last=Sangave |first=Vilas Adinath |author-link=Vilas Adinath Sangave |title=The Sacred Shravanabelagola (A Socio-Religious Study) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZ3S6CW5KKQC |date=1981 |publisher=[[Bharatiya Jnanpith]] |location=New Delhi|edition=1st }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka40.htm Our Karnataka article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101050403/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka40.htm |date=1 November 2005 }}<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20051219170139/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/HIST-CULT/history_medieval.html AP Online article]<br /> <br /> {{S-start}}<br /> {{Succession box|title=[[Vijayanagar empire]]|before=[[Bukka Raya II]]|after=[[Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya]] |years=1406–1422}}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Raya, Deva}}<br /> [[Category:1422 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]<br /> [[Category:Vijayanagara emperors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Hindus]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu monarchs]]<br /> [[Category:Sangama dynasty]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth unknown]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ek_Tha_Chander_Ek_Thi_Sudha&diff=498279 2025-11-30T11:49:54Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Added!</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian television series broadcast on Life OK}}<br /> {{Long plot|date=June 2016}}<br /> {{MOS|article|[[MOS:CONTRACTIONS]], [[MOS:YOU]]|date=November 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = EK_THA_SUDHA_EK_THA_CHANDER.jpg<br /> | caption =<br /> | genre = Drama<br /> | creator = Ashwni Dhir<br /> | based_on = {{based on|''[[Gunahon Ka Devta (novel)|Gunahon Ka Devta]]''|[[Dharamvir Bharati]]}}<br /> | director = <br /> | writer = <br /> | creative_director = <br /> | starring = [[#Cast|See below]]<br /> | theme_music_composer = <br /> | opentheme = <br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 20<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | producer = Ashwni Dhir<br /> | location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = <br /> | company = [[Garima Productions]]<br /> | channel = [[Life Ok]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2015|09|21|df=yes}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|2015|10|16|df=yes}} <br /> }}<br /> '''''Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha''''' (English: '''One was Chander one was Sudha''') is an Indian television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on [[Life OK]]. The series is produced by Ashwni Dhir's Garima Productions&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/always-wanted-to-adapt-gunahon-ka-devta-ashwini-dhir/|title=Always wanted to adapt 'Gunahon Ka Devta': Ashwini Dhir|date=16 September 2015|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|accessdate=17 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; and aired every Monday to Friday night. The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series based on [[Dharamvir Bharati]]’s iconic 1949 novel, ''[[Gunahon Ka Devta (novel)|Gunahon Ka Devta]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/A-story-that-redefined-love-for-an-entire-generation/articleshow/48756454.cms|title=A story that redefined love for an entire generation - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=2 September 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-18|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404142210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/A-story-that-redefined-love-for-an-entire-generation/articleshow/48756454.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/412/breaking-up-is-hard-to-do-yet-another-partition-love-story-on-indian-television|title=Breaking up is hard to do: yet another Partition love story on Indian television|last=Gaekwad|first=Manish|website=Scroll.in|date=27 September 2015 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-18|archive-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818013853/https://scroll.in/reel/412/breaking-up-is-hard-to-do-yet-another-partition-love-story-on-indian-television|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Rahil Azam]] and [[Umang Jain]] appeared in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bestmediainfo.com/2015/09/life-ok-to-air-ek-tha-chandar-ek-thi-sudha-from-september-21/|title=Life OK to air 'Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha' from September 21|work=Best Media Info|date=1 September 2015|accessdate=17 September 2015|archive-date=20 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920155144/http://www.bestmediainfo.com/2015/09/life-ok-to-air-ek-tha-chandar-ek-thi-sudha-from-september-21/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> A man tells an awaiting lady to keep this flower in his feet, everything will be fine. The lady takes the flower and lays them at the feet of a girl in bed. She whispers the name Chandar. The doctor tells her father that the poison has spread in her body, Sudha is in a weak condition, but if she can stay alive for 2 more hours then she'll live. Sudha gains consciousness but doesn't remember anyone. She loves the rain and it starts to rain outside, so the doctor tells them to take her on the porch. Chandar comes in a car. Sudha looks at the car, then sits still.<br /> <br /> === Flashback ===<br /> A teacher takes roll call. Sudha runs to the class late, then creeps to her seat from beneath the chairs. The teacher calls Sudha's name, Sudha raises her hand along with the shoe that she held in her hand not to make a noise. The teacher asks why she is showing her a show, Sudha says it broke. Everyone laughs, the teacher tells her to sit down. Sudha sits with a group of three girls. The teacher begins the lecture, Sudha is caught again talking by the teacher. The teacher says that this is the girls of today. Sudha was eating spinach that her friend had brought and had it in hand, she tells upon teacher's query that it was brought by Geesu, her friend. The teacher asks Geesu to stand up. She questions if they both eat spinach in the class, if they are girls or goats. She calls them both in the front, and sends them out of the class and shut the doors, they abide by her. Sudha opens the door again and says this way they won't be able to attend the class, the teacher reassures that this is what she has punished her with. Both the friends run excitedly.<br /> <br /> In the corridor, Sudha tells Geesu she is going to station as Chandar is coming. In the train, a young man sat with her notebook open. He read a letter and smiles thinking how Sudha came to him and asked him to put thread in needle. Chandar wasn't ready, but Sudha had snatched his book from him. He put the thread in the needle while Sudha helps him in it. He takes his book back and regrets he has lost the page. Sudha questions why he doesn't keep a book mark in it? Chandar asks where to bring a bookmark now, Sudha had written a note behind her photo, &quot;Don’t look here and there and concentrate on your book.&quot; She had said that she will also be there to take care of him.<br /> <br /> Sudha travelled in the car towards the station. She comes down the car while Chandar comes out of the train.<br /> The train arrive at the station. Sudha lay her head on the track to hear the sound of the train arriving, then watches it coming. The passengers prepare the leave. Chandar comes out of the train, no one was there to welcome him. He comes down. Sudha runs to him from behind, stops him and smiles. He doesn't stop and leaves instead towards a group of drummers who were there to welcome him. He says to Thakkur what this is, Thakkur says Chandar has returned with a trophy for him, a celebration was a must. Sudha was left behind waiting.<br /> <br /> At home, floral decorations had been made. A lady scolded the men for playing Holi here. Sudha's papa arrive, he gives the lady sweet box saying his Chandar is coming after winning a trophy. The lady comes behind Papa and asks what kind of Topi (Cap) this is for which Sudha also brought sweet. Papa explains it is a gift. There is horn outside, a car arrives and Sudha comes in alone, red in rage. Papa asks where is Chandar. Sudha says she doesn't know, she was crying and says he must scold him when he arrives, she had been waiting for him on station and he didn't look at her, instead he left the station.<br /> <br /> The boys brought Chandar to university hooting and shouting about the victory of Chandar. Chandar was welcomed, his friend Thakkur boasted in front of everyone that he won trophy in Delhi. Thakkur asks them all to give way to Chandar, they have to celebrate as well.<br /> <br /> Sudha tells Mai (the lady at house) to put in more milk in Chandar's milk. At least he must remember he had promised someone else. Geesu comes home with rose bunch and says this is for her to bring smile on her face. She asks Sudha if she had a fight with someone.<br /> <br /> Chandar comes to stage, he makes a speech which makes everyone laugh. They all clap in appreciation. Thankkur tells Chandar he must meet Billu. Chandar asks now? And looks at time.<br /> <br /> Sudha was crying and asks Geesu why Chandar does so, he knew there is Pooja at home. Why he didn't come to Pooja and went with his friends. Geesu says she is sure he will soon come home. Kamini and Prabha also come home, they come and notices Sudha has high fever. Sudha was still upset.<br /> <br /> Chandar meets his teacher, his teacher says there is a fire in Chandar and he must not let it out. His college needs such a light. Chandar says he was a lost person, his teachers have made him what he is. The teacher says a teacher is only a teacher when he gets an eligible student. He says he sees a shadow on himself in Chandar and wants him to succeed. He must take care of one think, he must never leave his brought up, and must never forget those who owed him. He will be successful. Anyone can be a man, it takes a cost to become a Dev.<br /> <br /> Pandit ji asks to begin the pooja, Papa asks about Sudha who asks to wait for just a little while. Their family is incomplete without Chandar. Papa leaves, Mai asks him where is Sudha. Papa says Sudha says without Chandar, this family is incomplete. For him, without Chandar and Sudha both the family is incomplete. Sudha awaits Chandar.<br /> <br /> Chandar comes back home. Ramu kaka welcomes him. Chandar comes to meet Papa and apologizes him. Papa says he knows only one person can forgive them in this house. He asks about Sudha. Mai comes to tell them Sudha has locked herself in the room. Chandar tells Papa not to worry and goes inside the corridor. He remembers making up Sudha like this always since childhood. He remember how Sudha had hurt her head once before. He knocks at the door, and politely asks Sudha to open the door and if she doesn't open the door he will break the door. She knows well the door is strong and he will be hurt. He struggles for once, but Sudha opens the door on his second try. He comes inside to look at Sudha and asks isn't she ready till yet. He says she looks good even this way. He says he has told everyone he will bring her, won't she keep his promise. Sudha says he always does this to her, he always want to win over her but today she won't listen to him.<br /> <br /> Chandar asks won't she listen to him? She turns around and says she didn't listen to her father, who is he then. Chandar comes out of the house alone. Papa asks where is Sudha, Sudha appears from behind Chandar. Everyone is happy to see her all dressed up.<br /> <br /> Everyone is happy to see Sudha, the pooja begins. Chandar and Sudha enjoy the pooja rituals. Sudha brings Prasad to Papa who was with a friend, the friend detects that Sudha has fever. Papa and his friend asks Sudha to go and take rest, Sudha resists. Papa calls Chandar and he insists on Sudha to go inside. Sudha comes inside angry, her friends also come in asking what happened. Sudha says she has a light fever, today is festivity and there will be music and dance but Chandar sent her inside. They hear the drums outside, the girls come to terrace. Sudha watches Chandar dancing and says she knows a calming therapy that lets fever vanish. She teaches her friends about the verses, and says they must keep repeating these verses without opening their eyes. They ask what nonsense this is. Sudha says Chandar taught this to her. They think it must be right one then. They do so, Sudha goes into the kitchen and keeps her head in the freezer. She says her forehead is now normal. She comes out, Papa says her forehead is cold, in fact it is cold more than normal. She goes to dance. Chandar asks Sudha's friends how she got rid of her fever so soon, they tell him about the therapy. He is shocked to see this, but they say he had taught this himself. Chandar looks at Sudha who was feeling dizzy and faints. Papa calls for a doctor.<br /> <br /> Doctor observes Sudha and tells Papa it is just a fever, nothing else. He writes medicine for Sudha and asks Chandar to keep cold cloth on Sudha's forehead. He takes Papa out with him. Chandar sits with Sudha. Outside, the doctor says to Mr. Shukla that he worries so soon. Papa says he will know only if he will have a daughter. The doctor asks if he must marry in this age. Papa jokes who will marry him. He tells Mr. Shukla that he is in hurry right now, as his patients have been waiting. They promise to meet in club.<br /> <br /> Sudha wakes up and asks Chandar if he is angry. Chandar says it is about getting angry. Sudha sits up and says she is also angry with him. He must have come home straight. He says his friends took him from station and asks Sudha how she got rid of her fever. Sudha says didn't be bring trophy. Chandar says she will show it to her father first. Sudha asks him to go and ask Papa how the fever was gone. She asks for trophy. He points at it. She picks the trophy and cheers. He says he is still angry at her, she doesn't listen to him and leaves. Sudha stands behind, she says wouldn't he ask how she got this fever. Chandar returns and asks how. She says she kept on standing at station, but he left with his friends. She cries. Chandar apologizes her. Sudha turns to him, he says she doesn't look good crying. She wipes her tears, he asks her how she got rid of her fever. Sudha says she can show it to him, and tells him to shut his eyes. She takes him to kitchen, his eyes still shut. They come to freezer, she tells him to bend into the freezer, opens his eyes and is shocked to see. Sudha laughs. Chandar asks if she has gone crazy. Sudha says he had also kept cold cloth on her forehead soaked in ice, she instead placed her head on ice. Chandar leaves.<br /> <br /> Chandar gives a pen to Mr. Shukla that could be refilled without getting hands stained with ink. Mr. Shukla is happy and asks Chandar to show him the trophy. He hugs Chandar congratulating him about it, he says he really boasts up when he gets successful. He says Sudha had also been waiting for him, and asks how Sudha is. Chandar says she is fine. Mr. Shukla says he doesn't get when Sudha will leave this childish attitude, then tells Chandar to take trophy home and decorate it. He decorates it on a rack there and says this is home. Mr. Shukla tells him not to leave without having dinner.<br /> <br /> Chandar comes home, and watches Sudha's photo with her autograph.<br /> <br /> In the morning, Chandar stood at the lake side. Papa comes out there praying. He watches Chandar standing there and comes to him. Chandar takes his blessings. Pandit ji tells Mr. Shukla that Chandar comes even before sun rise. Papa asks him to give an opportunity to him at least once that he arrives before Chandar. Chandar says that Mr. Shukla has given him opportunities every time in life, he never let Chandar realize that he isn't actually a part of his family. Mr. Shukla and Chandar sit for a while where Mr. Shukla discuss with Chandar and says that he has taken all his responsibilities but sometimes he is worried about Sudha as she is growing up. He says that Sudha has grown up but her childish behavior doesn't go away. He could never scold Sudha as she has no mother. Chandar tells him that good people always get good. Mr. Shukla says he has never done anything wrong in life deliberately. Chandar says if they sit for some more time here they will both get scolded by Sudha. Mr. Shukla watches the time, it was 7.30.<br /> <br /> Sudha shouts for Mai saying she has head ache. Mai watched over all the household. Papa and Chandar stand there, Papa asks her to give him tea when she is spared by scolding everyone. Mai says she is taking oil for Sudha, as she has a head ache. Sudha asks Mai to put in oil well, Mai scolds her that her Papa and Chandar are there downstairs waiting for her. Sudha takes oil and says she will get it done by Chandar.<br /> <br /> Chandar was reading a book. Sudha tells him to put in oil in her hair. Chandar says he is busy right now. Sudha says he has always put in oil in her head since childhood. Chandar says she has grown up now. Sudha asks doesn't grownups have headaches. She suggests Chandar put in oil in her head and tell her poems as well. Chandar says neither he will put in oil nor will he tell her a poem. Last time he had got lice from her hair. Sudha gets angry and leaves, Chandar asks for a cup of tea. Sudha was angry, Chandar comes out, begins reading the poetry and takes the oil bowl. Sudha smiles and sits on the chair, as Chandar massages her head. Mr. Shukla who was hearing the poetry says that is really beautiful. Chandar asks if he heard this? Mr. Shukla says it has been published in newspaper, his friend also called him for appreciating for his poems. Sudha gets up from the chair and asks Chandar from mid of the poem. Chandar says he had told her the whole. Chandar and Papa says she had fallen asleep. Sudha says that it is Chandar's mistake, he tells her such boring poem. Chandar says it is her mistake, she doesn't concentrate on Hindi literature. Sudha and Chandar blame each other. Papa says it is no one's mistake, but his. He shouldn't have brought fridge at home, if she thinks he wouldn't get to know. Mai also scolds Sudha, Papa says he is speaking to her about it. Mai is irked and leaves again shouting at the servants. Papa asks who does so, fridge is to cool water not head. Sudha tries to give an explanation but Papa asks her to get ready for college. Chandar says he will drop her to college. Papa scolds Chandar that Sudha is so irresponsible only because of him.<br /> <br /> Sudha and Geesu lie on the ground of college. Sudha says to Geesu that she won't marry else who will take care of her Papa. Geesu asks what she will do if she won't marry. Sudha asks about Akhtar, Geesu says he is fine but now comes home less and in dreams more. Sudha says her situation is really bad, he doesn't walk on ground now. They both laugh saying her shoe has broken. A fellow comes and tells Sudha that her teacher is going to take her complain to home. Sudha is worried and says she is going to Chandar.<br /> <br /> Some boys watch Sudha come to university and asks whom is she looking for. Sudha asks for Chandar, the boys make him take a seat and sends for Chandar. Chandar is worried and asks Sudha what happened, Sudha says she broke her shoe. Chandar asks if he is cobbler. Sudha says he got it made last time, Chandar says alright he will go with her.<br /> <br /> Chandar and Sudha reach the cobbler, Sudha scolds him and instructs him about making the shoe. Chandar tells Sudha to be calm, he is doing it. Sudha still instructs him about repairing the shoe. Chandar gives him money. The cobbler tells Chandar that if it breaks again, he must bring the shoe only and not this girl. Sudha and Chandar leave.<br /> <br /> At home, Sudha and Chandar watch a cycle outside. Mai tells Sudha her teacher has arrived. Sudha gets worried. Chandar comes inside telling Papa not to believe what the teacher is saying, Papa gets worried and clueless.<br /> <br /> Sudha explains Chandar that this teacher is always jealous with girls as she couldn't get married. She requests Chandar to save her, Chandar says that it is just for once.<br /> <br /> Inside the room, teacher was hopeful that Mr. Shukla will help her. Chandar comes and asks Mr. Shukla to listen to him before her, she is thinking all wrong. The teacher asks who is he. Mr. Shukla says he is Chandar, is like their family member. The teacher asks why Chandar was saying that she doesn't think well.<br /> <br /> Outside, Sudha flattens the tyre of her teacher's cycle.<br /> <br /> Inside, Chandar says that whatever she is saying isn't true. The teacher hands Chandar a booklet and says she writes poems and has prepared a collection of poetry and wants him to publish this book. Mr. Shukla says that Chandar himself is a good writer and can suggest if this book is worth publishing or not. The teacher says she is hopeful about his help. Chandar says he will drop her out, but she says she will go by herself. The teacher appreciates the view outside Mr. Shukla's house. Chandar points that her tyre has gone flat. The teacher urges outside before can no longer be moved. Mai stood there and tells Chandar Sudha didn't listen to her.<br /> <br /> Chandar comes in Sudha's room, Sudha was studying intently. Chandar asks why she flattened her cycle's tyre. Sudha asks Chandar what she had said. Chandar says she complained a lot about her. Sudha tells him to listen to all her chapters, if she doesn't study how she can remember each and everything. Chandar says he doesn't want to listen, Sudha takes the book in her hand and tells him about the chapter. Chandar takes the book and asks her about Ammonia's description. Sudha gets it as Pneumonia. Sudha makes up that this wasn't the last chapter she studied. She asks Chandar if he will keep on standing here or go and talk to Papa that he doesn't scold her. Chandar calls Ramu, tells Sudha to sit and listen to all what he says from now, he will take care of all else. Sudha says she had already asked him to get her a library card, she will only study if she will have books. Chandar goes saying he will get it made.<br /> <br /> Next morning, Sudha comes downstairs calling Mai. She wonders why everything so silent is. This means it is nothing to get tensed. She comes out to see Papa scolding the servants why they didn't water plants for three days. He warns them to get responsible and tells them to leave. He turns to Mai and asks where Sudha is. Sudha goes to hide behind a pillar, she thinks it isn't out of danger to come to Papa right now. She thinks about going to sit and study, this way she will get saved.<br /> <br /> Mai comes inside to scold Ramukaka now. Sudha comes with her books, she stops Mai from shouting. She tells Mai that she has a head ache and asks her to send ginger tea in her room. Mai asks can't she make it herself. Sudha heads towards her room upstairs saying she is going to study. Papa was coming down the stairs. He watches Sudha going from the other staircase and asks where she is going. Sudha says she is going to roof with books. Papa says to Sudha that she always wanders with books, if she ever studies. Sudha comes down saying she knows it all and begins to revise everything in front of him. Sudha tells her Papa not to concentrate on her teacher's words. Her Papa says that her teacher has made a very good collection of poems, he will publish it for sure. Sudha wonders about the poetry collection. Her papa says this is the reason she came here, didn't Chandar tell her. Sudha remembers what Chandar had told her and is curt at him. Papa calls Mai to make tea for him as well and leaves. Sudha murmurs that she won't leave Chandar.<br /> <br /> A veiled lady comes to Sudha's home calling Sudha. Sudha comes downstairs. Geesu asks why she called her here. Sudha says she wants to go to university, Geesu asks doesn't she want to go to college, and what is in university. Geesu asks whom is she going to scold. Sudha says Chandar, who else can it be. She tells Chandar what he did to her. Geesu teases Sudha, Sudha runs behind Geesu. Both laugh together.<br /> <br /> In the library, a girl comes across Chandar and drops his books. Chandar collects them and heads to leave. The girl stops him and tries to flirt with him. She tries to flirt with Chandar, Thakkur comes to save Chandar. Chandar tells Thakur he had to take some books for Sudha. Geesu and Sudha sit on the Tonga, they tell him to take them to university. Geesu was getting emotional, Sudha says this is all because she has come after meeting her husband. Geesu says she is also being emotional and all her emotions are linked to Chandar. Sudha tells her to shut up.<br /> <br /> Thakkur asks Chandar if that girl is the same who came for sandal repair, she comes to drop him or he goes drop her. There is something going between them both. Chandar takes Thakkur by collar. Everyone turns to look at them.<br /> Chandar takes Thakkur's collar and warns him not to ruin the reputation of the girl, not every relation is named as the same. Thakkur looks around, tells people to do their work. He tells Chandar to leave his collar, smoke always comes from the place of fire and asks Chandar to look behind. Sudha stood behind. Thakkur leaves, Chandar goes out towards Sudha and opens the library door. He asks what she is doing here. Sudha stammers first, then says she came to get her library card made. Chandar asks her to come inside, this way she at least came to library else she doesn't like study. Sudha doesn't lower her voice in the library, Chandar warns her to stay silent. The librarian comes there, Sudha hides behind Chandar. Chandar tells him they want a card, he points at his back but when he turns, Sudha wasn't there. She had already taken a seat. Chandar brings Sudha and introduces her as Mr. Shukla's daughter. The librarian asks Sudha her name, Sudha whispers. He couldn't listen, Sudha speaks aloud saying he told her not to speak aloud. He asks for a photo, Sudha says she didn't bring a photo and recalls it is there inside Chandar's book. The librarian mocks at this. He tells Sudha to send a photo, Chandar will stick it. Then she must not worry, and come straight to the library and take her books. Sudha asks Chandar to remind her to take her books. The librarian laughs at it. They leave.<br /> <br /> In the evening, Sudha was reading when Chandar cycles towards her home. Chandar takes her inside and asks why she didn't ask him and what the need of asking Papa was. Sudha says she asked him, he didn't reply so she was only left with one option. She asks him to tell what the essence of love is. Chandar asks what kind of question is this. Sudha says this is the most important question of Hindi literature. Chandar says it is like Dia or Baati... Sudha asks like flower and fragrance. Chandar asks if she is learning or teaching. SUdha says someone can take away anything from flower except its fragrance. Chandar asks why she is eating up her mind when she knows it all. Sudha says because she doesn't get marks if she only writes this. She says she will speak to Papa about it because he couldn't find an answer. Chandar stops her and says he will find one. Chandar calls Bisarya. Bisarya was telling romantic poetry to a group of young men. He says that in the times to come, may be this poetry is used in films but where he would be. Chandar comes looking for Bisarya. The boys warn Bisarya that Chandar is coming, he runs saying he hasn't done anything. Chandar holds him, he says that he has done nothing, but today he has to teach someone. Bisraya agrees saying he will take 12 rupees. Chandar is shocked, Bisarya says he can reduce 20 paisas. Chandar accepts to pay 12 rupees. Bisarya asks where to go, Chandar says Mr. Shukla's home. Bisarya expects Mr. Shukla's daughter to be intelligent, Chandar says not much in studies but she is intelligent in many other things.<br /> <br /> The next morning, Chandar wakes Sudha up throwing water, tells her it is nine in morning. Her tutor has come home named Bisarya. Sudha says she wants to sleep. Chandar says if she sleeps now, she will kept sleeping always. Sudha sleeps again.<br /> <br /> Downstairs, Mr. Shukla asks Chandar who is there in the drawing room. Chandar says it is Sudha's new tutor. Mr. Shukla asks if he is trusted then apologizes saying he always takes Sudha as someone at home.<br /> <br /> Chandar and Bisarya were reading separately, Sudha comes there and whispers Chandar's name. He calls Sudha inside, she goes and hides behind Chandar. Chandar tells her to take a seat. Sudha takes a seat near him her face turned away. Chandar introduces them both, Chandar says he must begin to teach and he will be back soom. Sudha was nervous, she goes behind Chandar and asks him to sit with them. She says she feels shy like this. Chandar insists that her teacher is waiting, Mr. Shukla comes there. Sudha asks Mr. Shukla to ask Chandar sit with her, else she won't study. Chandar says he won't sit, he says Sudha won't be able to study, he must put her to stitching or embroidery. Sudha says she will study and goes inside. She comes to sit in the study room and asks Bisarya to begin.<br /> <br /> The postman brings a letter to Chandar. He read it somewhat worried when Mr. Shukla comes. Mr Shukla asks if it is his mother's letter, if she was asking about marriage. Chandar says she wants him to marry so that he gets closer to her again. Mr. Shukla takes Chandar inside, he asks why Chandar's mood is off. Chandar says he hasn't thought about marrying, but his mother. Mr. Shukla says he must begin to think then, a few things must take place in time. Mr. Shukla asks Chandar to hand a letter to his old student Pammi and gives her address to him.<br /> <br /> Chandar comes at the given address, park his cycle and looks towards the garden. He sits beside the rose and takes on in hand and is about to smell one when an old man comes to him and grabs him from his collar. Chandar asks him what kind of misbehavior this is, but the old man scolds him for touching his rose. Chandar holds a hand, the old man begins to cry. A young girl runs out of the house concerned for the old man. She was in loose gown, Chandar couldn't get his eyes off. She asks who is he. Chandar says this mad attacked him at once, she asks Baqi who is mad. She asks Chandar to tell her whom to think of as mad. Chandar was speechless.<br /> <br /> In the room, Pammi was typing and asks Chandar to sit near him. He comes nearer. She tells him that she doesn't bite, so he must not worry. She says that if she would even cut, he won't complain. She was typing and tells Chandar to take his eyes off her face and change the page. She says he is a complex man, Chandar asks if it is written in the papers. She says he couldn't take his eyes off her face, and mostly men don't watch a girl's face for this long, especially when the girl is like her. She is done with the typing, and asks if he wants something hot. He nods. She goes to light a cigarette. Chandar comes to her and says he was talking about tea, she says she about cigarette. He says it is said, there is fire at one side of cigarette and a fool at the other, and she laughs and agrees.<br /> <br /> Chandar comes home and asks where sir is. She says it is where the head is. He heads inside, she goes behind him and asks why he is so fragrant. She says it is some girl's scent. Chandar says she is focusing on something idiotic, she must study. She says she had been studying, Chandar avoids and tells her to study. She shuts her book and asks him. He says he went to get Mr. Shukla's letters typed. Sudha gets it and asks how Pammi is. Chandar says the place was interesting with roses, Pammi is an open minded girl and he liked meeting her, now if she would tell him where Mr. Shukla is. She tells him to go inside.<br /> <br /> Mr. Shukla asks Chandar if he liked Pammi, she had married. Chandar says she lives with her brother. Chandar heads to leave, Mr. Shukla asks about his job. He says he has applied in a few placed, even in university. Mr. Shukla says he will get one as he is intelligent, and asks him not to leave without dinner.<br /> <br /> Thakkur stops Bisurya and asks about his book. Bisurya asks Thakkur that he is thinking his book's name as Sudhashala. It seems synonymous as Madhushala. Thakkur asks if Sudha is Mr. Shukla's daughter, he warns him not to discuss about Sudha a lot, as Chandar is a bit sensitive taking Sudha.<br /> <br /> Sudha gets ready in front of mirror. She ties her braids and says Chandar was saying that Pammi is an open minded girl, she also wants to meet her as she isn't any less. She turns her neck with a style but instead gets a cramp. There Bisurya had arrived her place. Sudha calls Mai but she doesn't come. Sudha comes to Bisurya with her neck turned. He asks what happened to her, but Sudha asks him to teach her. He begins his lesson about love. He stands up while teaching and begins to walk and goes to sit on another sofa a bit away from Sudha. Sudha follows him, and sits beside him again. He stammers, Sudha asks what is written in the poem there. Bisurya asks for water, Sudha goes to bring water and he changes his seat again. Sudha brings water and sits beside him again. Sudha again asks him about what he was teaching. He again changes his seat. Bisurya hears the whistle of Chandar's cycle, Bisurya says he didn't do anything. Chandar joins them, Bisurya explains to Chandar he was talking about love between brothers and sisters. Chandar says that is good, and asks about his poem's title. Bisurya says it isn't what he heard of and takes a leave. Chandar notices Sudha's neck was turned and asks what happened. She says she was practicing to be like Pammi. Chandar phews and holds Sudha's neck to remove her cramp.<br /> <br /> Sudha was sitting with the fruit vendor. Mai tells her to come to her and think about cooking them as well. She tells her to cook for her father today. Sudha says she has a test tomorrow, she will make the food tomorrow. She runs outside, but hits Pammi. She is happy to meet her and asks whom she came to meet. She asks about Mr. Shukla and Chandar but none was home, she gives an envelope to Sudha. Sudha asks her name, she introduces her and cheers to know she is Pammi. She drags her inside and tells her to have a cup of tea. They sit together, Sudha tells Pammi that Chandar speaks a lot about her. Pammi asks what he had said. Sudha tells her that he told her Pammi likes cigarette and heads to get a cigar for her. Pammi stops her and appreciates the tea. Sudha tells her that Chandar doesn't like tea at all, he likes it with less milk and strong. He likes books and reading. Pammi fell in thoughts about Chandar.<br /> <br /> In the library, Bisurya was thinking, his pencil fell. A man hushes them, Bisurya and Thakkur get down to pick the pencil when a bare legged girl passes by. Chandar sat with his book, Pammi sits on his table with a white rose.<br /> Pammi comes to sit on Chandar's table with a white rose, she asks if he is playing a book or playing with it. Chandar says she? The sleeping man hushes him. Pammi asks if he is studying or loving. Chandar says he is trying to love but this book is like an annoyed girl. If one can't get a thing, why love that. Chandar says if you don't get a thing, it should be kept aside. Pammi sits up easing herself, Chandar notices Thakkur and Bisarya staring them. Pammi says a few books are loveable that one wants to open them again and again, some are essential and need to be opened again and again. She asks him for going to cinema. Chandar says people often don't like his answers. Pammi says if he will ask her, there is nothing she dislikes. Chandar says he is a bit too dry. Pammi asks how much dry. Chandar says a bit more. Pammi asks a bit as well and a more as well. Chandar asks what time is the show. Pammi says it is 6:30. Chandar says he would be able to come till 7:00 Pammi says it is till 7:30. Chandar says he has to study a lot. Pammi says one who sticks with books is called termite, now he must decide if he comes or not and leave.<br /> <br /> Bisurya tells Thakkur he didn't do anything, Thakkur says he couldn't study anything.<br /> <br /> Chandar was reading when Sudha comes to him at home. She asks wasn't it enough in library. She asks him for his hand, she had brought sweets for him in her dupatta pallu. He asks why she ruined her dupatta, she gets annoyed that it is her own dupatta and takes the sweets away. Chandar comes behind her, apologizes and takes the sweet. He sits on the swing, and tells Sudha Pammi came to library and taking him to film. He asks Sudha to go as well. Sudha says her tutor is coming, he must go himself but must come by dinner. Chandar says he will get late. Sudha says she has cooked herself today, it takes much hardwork. Chandar murmurs that he must struggle to eat it as well.<br /> <br /> Chandar and Pammi come to the show and fine a place for themselves to sit. Pammi lights a candle and says she is having such a beautiful night after a long time. Chandar looks at her. Pammi says this beautiful weather, this beautiful voice of song and this beautiful companion. Chandar says he has some problem with this environment. She asks why? He says that because of the beauty of its light many insects get burnt for no reason. Pammi asks if he is a coward. He says no, but she is really bold. She says she doesn't like wasting time. Chandar says each relation has a place in life, they are like sand of one holds really tight it slips. Pammi says she doesn't keep a relation, what he thinks about friendship. Chandar says he wants to know about her.<br /> <br /> Sudha tells Papa she has cooked the meal tonight. Mr. Shukla asks why she isn't eating. Sudha says she will eat with Chandar. Mai tells Mr. Shukla Sudha has cooked each dish according to menu. Mai asks Sudha to have dinner, Sudha says she must wait for Chandar.<br /> <br /> Pammi says her husband is in army, they married too early. Before she could understand the relation, she had started to hate that relation. She filed for a divorce but she heard about her husband's missing, a few people says he is no more. Pammi was crying, and asks Chandar what she should do. Chandar asks why she wanted to separate from her husband. She says each relation has its age, it ends with its age. Chandar says a relation has to end till the end of breathes. Pammi says that isn't a relationship, it is a dead body and she isn't interested in corpse. Chandar stands up and says she is really brave. She asks And? He says very delicate. She says how can he tell without touching someone, if she is delicate or not. Chandar says he thinks they must leave, Sudha is waiting for him. He had promised to be there and offers to drop her. She smiles, and asks why men are always in an urge to drop. Chandar says it isn't like that.<br /> <br /> Sudha waited for Chandar at night.<br /> <br /> Mai wakes Sudha up next morning. Chandar comes there. Mai goes to send tea for them. Chandar comes inside. Sudha asks what happened, why he is upset. Couldn't he sleep? Chandar says he was afraid of her scolding. She asks why he didn't come yesterday. Chandar says that because of that Pammi. Sudha asks why he is worried. He says Pammi is really different girl. He says she is bold. Sudha says she is also bold, she doesn't say but he is. He tells Sudha that Pammi asked him to touch with his eyes. Sudha makes fun. Chandar says she touched. Sudha asks how? Chandar says with her lips, Sudha is silent. She asks for his hand, she reads a poetry and says it is all gone. Now he must get worriless, active.<br /> In the morning, Mr. Shukla comes to library and asks registrar that he was looking for him in his office. Registrar says that he spends more time in library and tells him a new book. Mr. Shukla says that he has come for a job. Registrar says that he has grown really old and can't get the job. Mr. Shukla says he is serious and is strong enough to do the job. He says that a good person is in his mind for the job; Registrar asks who. Chandar comes there and asks Mr. Shukla, he? Mr. Shukla asks if he can't come here. Mr Shukla says it isn't only about book but also about a matter that needed to be solved. Registrar tells him that Mr. Shukla has suggested his name for Researcher's post. Chandar says that he had never asked for any favours in life, why he suggested his name then. Registrar says that Mr. Shukla just wants that a non deserving person doesn't get the post.<br /> <br /> Chandar comes home, Bisurya watches him and is worried. He says he didn't do anything. Chandar says he must also not do anything. Bisurya asks Chandar to go home. Chandar comes inside, Sudha was annoyed. Chandar asks won't she talk to him. Sudha says she couldn't go to Geesu's brother's birthday party because of him. Chandar asks why she didn't go. Sudha says he wasn't home. Chandar says she could have gone by rickshaw. Sudha says Papa was also not there, they would have scolded her. Chandar asks why she didn't tell him about it. Mai tells Chandar that Sudha has fever. Chandar gets worried and says she will have to take medicine and get to sleep. He has a surprise for her tomorrow. She asks what, he says she will know about it tomorrow.<br /> <br /> The next morning, Chandar and Sudha sat in a boat together. Sudha was still angry. He asks if she is still angry. She asks why he brought her here this morning. Chandar says, to feed the birds. Sudha says birds are also there on her roof. Chandar says these birds are different, they come here for a season. This is nature, everyone has to leave. Sudha says she won't leave, Chandar smiles that she will go, with her groom one day. She asks if he has brought the feed, and where are birds. The watch a flock of birds, Sudha stands cheering. Chandar calls the flock to themselves. They enjoy feeding them and their flight. Sudha looks at Chandar for a while and says he is really good. Chandar comes to Mr. Shukla if he called. Mr. Shukla says he has completed a writeup, he must take it to Pammi who will type it. He asks Chandar about his comments on a wedding. Chandar says it is good the wedding continues but our society doesn't normally let us do it. Mr. Shukla asks if it is about society or the two people who want to live together. Chandar asks why he is asking this from him. Mr. Shukla says he was just trying to search his mind about the wedding. Mr. Shukla says that one must think well before getting married, anything done in urge isn't good.<br /> <br /> Chandar comes to Pammi's house, he knocks at the door. She asks who is there, Chandar comes in. Pammi is happy to see him, she comes to hold his hands. He get rids of his hands, she says no one comes here. Chandar asks where is Bodi is. She says he must be here somewhere, upset. Today, his rose thief also didn't come. She tells him she daily steals his rose. He asks why? Pammi says so that he thinks his wife steals his rose, and he doesn't get to know she has died. Bodi comes crying that someone took his rose, Pammi blames his wife saying she will break his leg. He says no, she will get hurt. Pammi asks what she must do to her then? He says she was really afraid of getting fat, this time she must tell her that she got fat. She will get upset. Pammi gets upset as Bodi goes out. Chandar asks where his wife is. Pammi says she ran away. Is he shocked, and must be thinking what would Bodi have thought. Pammi says she hates this love and marriage, it diables a person. She tells him that her brother loves his wife so much, she didn't tell him she is no more. Her brother got mad after her, his wife loved roses so he planted a lot of flowers thinking she is still here. She wipes her tears and asks if she should do the work he has come here for. Chandar asks how she got to know about it. Pammi says she wouldn't have come without any reason.<br /> <br /> Chandar comes home, Pammi was there. Chandar asks Pammi how she came here. Mr. Shukla and Sudha say that there was a big accident and no one even told him. Mr. Shukla says there was such a big problem, she alone has been courageous and he must also be with her. Chandar asks where? Pammi tells him that in Kashmir people need them a lot. Army and Red Cross are also there, but people still need help. Mr. Shukla says that it is time for him to serve his country, he must go.<br /> Kashmir was all covered in snow. Chandar and Pammi drove in a jeep, Pammi stood in the car and smoked, then smiles looking at Chandar. Chandar takes her cigarette and throws it out. Rescue work was going on. In the camp, the army officer briefed them that many people are stuck in heavy snow, they need refuge. They ask for nursing staff for which Pammi volunteers. Chandar also promises to be with them.<br /> <br /> Pammi comes to Chandar who stood lost. Pammi asks why is he so sad. Chandar says these people has such sadness in life, why they only remember their own happiness watching someone else's loss. Pammi says that sometimes people remember their hidden injuries. Who will fill in their soul injuries. Chandar says time will. Pammi says sometimes even time can't fill in those injuries, people just get used to living with them.<br /> <br /> At home, Sudha played radio. She put a cap on Mai's hand so that her hair don't get to the food. She makes her wear apron and wear gloves. Mai asks her to cook now. Pammi instructs Mai from listening to the recipe from radio. She lets Mai boil vegetables. Mai says her papa won't eat this. Mai asks if she doesn't have to go class. Sudha says she is strange, always complains that Sudha doesn't come to kitchen and now she wants her to take class. A news update about destruction in Kashmir plays. Sudha gets worried.<br /> <br /> In Kashmir, the camp administrator tells Pammi about her room number. Pammi says to the administrator that Chandar Kapoor is with her, they need a nearby tent.<br /> <br /> Sudha brings tea for Mr. Shukla. She says to Papa that she has brought out some clothes to send to Kashmir. Sudha asks if she can take all the luggage, her trip from college is going there. Mr. Shukla agrees, Sudha cheers.<br /> <br /> Pammi and Chandar sat with bon fire, Pammi says today she feels all her procrastinations have worked. Chandar says she has helped people so much, that is why. Pammi asks Chandar to read a poem as he is a poet. Chandar asks if she doesn't like his silence. Pammi says she has really been silent in life for a long time. Chandar says when two people even sit together, their silence talks. She asks Chandar to walk, he doesn't agree. She asks him to drop her till tent, and gives hand. He takes it after a while. They walk along the tents. Chandar says it is his tent, Pammi says hers is also here.<br /> In the tent, Pammi felt cold as she read some file. Chandar comes inside to call her for dinner, she was having fever. Chandar notices her tent was torn and says he will sleep here, she must take his tent. Pammi asks if he has some problem sleeping with her, she can wake up for the whole night. They come to Pammi's tent, the administrator comes inside. He tells Chandar that he already told Pammi that the tent is torn but she insisted to exchange her tent with Chandar's. He requests Chandar to sleep with him in his tent so that a lady can be adjusted with Pammi in this one. Chandar goes with administrator. Pammi sits in the tent alone.<br /> <br /> At home, Mai brings sweet and juice to Bisurya. Sudha comes and tells him to leave soon. She is going to Kashmir. Bisurya reads a Persian saying of Shahjahan, that if there is heaven in earth it is here, here and only here. Sudha says a trip is going there, if he wants to donate something. Bisurya says neither he has money nor dress, but he can sent a rose flower with her. Sudha smiles and takes it.<br /> <br /> The next morning, Chandar comes looking for Pammi who was smoking. He asks what she is doing here alone. She asks why. He says he was worried for her, she asks then? He says he started to find her. She shows him a mountain and asks what is there. He says border. She asks if he doesn't want to touch that border. He says he always like staying in limits. She says she always loves crossing borders. Pammi says they are so different, why are they friends. Chandar says she must have thought about it. Pammi asks if he thinks there is some special reason. Chandar says he doesn't think so, it could be anyone else as well. Pammi says she thinks if it wasn't him, it would be no one. She says that everything that happens is for a reason, if they have meet, there must be some plan of life behind it. Chandar says he doesn't accept it, he makes his own plans. There is a bomb blast near them, both roll down the snow.<br /> <br /> There is a blast near Chandar and Pammi, both roll on the snow. Chandar takes hold of himself and asks Pammi if she is fine. Pammi says she had said there is a reason for them being together. Had she not been with him, she might not have been in this world. Chandar looks at her.<br /> <br /> Pammi was dressed in red, she hugs Chandar who was on a boat, singing a song.<br /> <br /> They were actually walking in snow, playing with it. They come to a church, lights the candle and pray. Pammi looks at Chandar, he looks at Pammi. Pammi sang for Chandar.<br /> <br /> There was heavy snow, Pammi stood lost when chandar comes to her. Pammi says it is so cold. Chandar says may be the heart of sky is melting. Pammi plays with the cap of Chandar covered with snow. Chandar says if they stay out for a little more time, they will turn to ice. Both laugh.<br /> <br /> In the tent, Pammi was changing when Chandar enters. He apologizes and turns around, Pammi allows him to turn. He says sorry, he didn't knock. She says she liked the right with which he came into her tent. He tells her to sit, she says that sometimes our soul goes further than us, he must not stop it. She holds his hand, he asks if she likes moonlight, let's go outside. Pammi stops him, lays her back on his shoulder and says when one has good company why go out. Chandar says no one could ever know about the heart of women, even poems have been written on them. Chandar straightens up, stands and says poems are to keep one awake when she requests him a poem. There are lullabies to let one sleep. Pammi says the more she comes to get closer, he goes away. She asks why he goes away from her. On the door of tent stood Sudha who says if she can come in. Chandar is shocked to see her. Sudha says she has come with her college trip, she appreciates the wide tent. Pammi goes outside. Chandar calls her but Sudha indulges him saying there is so cold.<br /> The next day, Sudha distributes tea, warm clothes among people and administration. Chandar is happy seeing her serve. Pammi also looks at Sudha taking love from people. Pammi is involved in nursing. Sudha comes to Chandar with tea. He says he much needed it. Sudha asks for Pammi and goes to give her tea. Pammi was smoking outside her tent, Sudha calls her and says she brought tea for her. She looks at the mountains and say the view is beautiful. Sudha held a rose, Pammi asks who gave it, its beautiful. Sudha gives it to Pammi. Pammi says if she was in her place, she wouldn't give it to her or anyone. Sudha says won't she remember her looking at the flower? Pammi says when one loves something or someone, one wants to get it. Sudha asks if Pammi can take this loveable snow from here? Pammi says she can't. Sudha says this snow will melt, evaporate and come to you as rain. When one loves someone, one has to achieve one's love in different forms. Pammi says to Sudha that she will suffer much sadness in life with this attitude. They travel back.<br /> <br /> Sudha distributes sweets among the Pandits for Chandar's birthday. She tells them that there is no one to take care and distribute sweet for Chandar. She says he is such an angry man that she can't tell. The Pandit asks who is Chandar. She says that Chandar who comes here every day, the tall handsome man. One of them recognizes him as son of Nathu Halwai. She gets it why Chandar hates sweets and sweetness. Chandar speaks from behind, Sudha is alert and tells Chander they had been speaking about him, that he does his PhD soon, gets a good job and marries as well. She takes Chandar aside. Chandar asks Sudha if she was telling something about him to them, she says he is scolding her on his birthday. He asks when did he scold. She tells him to shut his eyes and keeps a handkerchief in pocket. He is happy to see it and asks if she can do embroidery? He asks what can she create. She says she learned to write Chandar through embroidery, that is enough for her. She moves on, he keeps on looking at her. She calls him for boating. Chandar comes down, Sudha calls the boat. They both ride into it.<br /> <br /> At home, Pammi was with Mr.Shukla. Pammi says Chandar didn't come to give her the papers so she thought about coming herself. Mr. Shukla says he also met Chandar less since he returned from Kashmir. She asks about Sudha, Mr. Shukla says that it is Chandar's birthday today so she has gone to Mandir.<br /> <br /> Chandar and Sudha returns, Sudha is happy to see Pammi. She asks how she came. Pammi says that Chandar don't come now, so she had to come. Sudha asks her to come in to have tea together. Pammi says that they both must come to her place for tea. Chandar says it is a bit difficult for him to come. Pammi says it is his birthday so she has kept a small party for celebration. Sudha says she will come for sure.<br /> <br /> In the evening, Sudha and Chandar arrive. Pammi hugs Chandar and introduces people to him. Pammi's brother takes Chandar out. Pammi speaks to Sudha, Sudha says that Pammi looks beautiful. Pammi says it is because of love, that makes one beautiful. Pammi says she also looks beautiful. She asks Sudha if she loves Chandar, and wants to marry him. Sudha asks what kind of question is this, she and Chandar are above this all. Pammi says they always stay together, go out together, if she doesn't want to get Chandar why she doesn't free him. Sudha asks is only getting someone is love. Pammi says losing is also love, but she has nothing to lose. She doesn't have parents, she has seen her brother and army took her husband as well. Sudha has the love of family and Chandar's care. Her truth is that she loves Chandar dearly. Sudha is restless and goes out. Chandar meets her at the door and asks what happened. Sudha looks at Pammi and runs out. Chandar comes behind her and stops her asking where she is going. Sudha says she is uncomfortable. Chandar asks ifs Pammi said something. Sudha denies. Chandar asks what she said. Sudha says that Pammi loves him, she asked her if she loves Chandar. Pammi says what could she answer, is love felt at heart or soul. She says she had asked him a long time ago what is love, he didn't reply. She also doesn't have a reply, she asks Chandar to say something but he was speechless too. Sudha leaves.<br /> <br /> Chandar comes in. Pammi stood by a window side. Chandar asks Pammi what she got making an innocent girl cry. Pammi says she didn't intend to. Chandar says that she has bear a lot of pains, they have made her ruthless. Pammi says that one day Sudha will have to face those truths. Pammi asks if he thinks he can only make Sudha happy or sad. He is doing unjust with Sudha. Not her, but Chandar is her sinner. Chandar says whoever he is, he is of Sudha not hers. Pammi says Sudha has no greed in her soul, she is like a Goddess. But he isn't a God, he got angry and could hold a hand at her for Sudha. He gets emotional and does he know why, because he understands that he doesn't tell anyone he loves Sudha but his body knows it. When we are happy, we dance with this body, we cry with the eyes, we purify our body by bathing before Pooja. We do everything with this body. He knows everything, had he not known he couldn't have saved himself from her. Chandar says she won't meet Sudha ever again, she must promise. Pammi says she won't, but he must know he is her sinner. Chandar says for him thinking like this is also sin. Pammi laughs and says if this is a sin, he has committed it. In fact, he is the God of sinners then. Chandar looks at Pammi then leaves the party. Pammi is left laughing.<br /> <br /> Sudha comes in her room crying. Someone keeps a hand on her shoulder, it was her younger sister who asks Sudha what happened? Sudha asks when she came? She says she and amma just came here. Sudha says someone asked her questions? Her sister asks if she didn't know the answers, if she doesn't want to know them. She asks Sudha to hug her as they are meeting each other after eight years. Chandar walks towards Sudha's room, her sister was inside and it was dark. Chandar holds her with shoulders, then is shocked to see her and asks about Sudha. A lady comes inside and curses Chandar to be shameless. She asks who is he. Chandar asks who is she. She says she is Sudha's aunt (Bua). Bua scolds Chandar and drags him downstairs. Mr. Shukla says this is Chandar and takes him inside.<br /> <br /> The next morning, in the library Sudha comes to Chandar's table and throws a paper on him but hides herself. Chandar looks around, then indulges in study. Sudha rolls another paper and throws it on his head. He gets up again. Sudha throws another paper, this time Chandar crawls behind her and sits there. Sudha looks at him and asks what he is doing. Chandar asks what she is doing. She says she is also a member here. Chandar says he has exams. Sudha says she also has, Chandar asks when? Sudha says they will come sometime. He asks if she came to tease him. Sudha says she has come to study as well. She tells Chandar to sit calmly. Chandar says till she doesn't go away he won't to study. Sudha asks him to promise that he will return straight home after library. He hasn't come home since last two days, he is her friend and upon a little thing he is so angry that he didn't ask how Sudha is, if she has eaten something or not. She says he has teased her so much. Chandar asks how he teased her? She cries and says he doesn't care how much he was worried if he is fine or not. He still has made her cry. She leaves saying if he won't come home today, he will find her dead face.<br /> At home, Mr. Shukla feels disgusting watching an old man eating sweets with both hands. Chandar comes home, Mr. Shukla introduces him to the father in law to be of Binti.<br /> <br /> Sudha comes to Binti, Binti was upset and says that she doesn't want to get married. Sudha asks her to do some makeup, Binti says it is her heart that won't get better by putting in colours, what will it do. Sudha says she will get married. Chandar comes to call Binti downstairs. Sudha says she won't let her go like this. She will have to laugh. She and Chandar tickle Binti, she laughs finally. Bua calls Binti downstairs, she goes down again being upset. In the corridor, Bua scolds Binti that she is in her room since morning. She curses Binti that she ate her father after birth and has now made her life as hell. Sudha goes to talk about it to papa. Chandar says she isn't that bad at heart. Bua says to Chandar that she notices and watches what he does. Chandar gets upset at it. Sudha says to Chandar that he minded it when he himself was making her understand it. Sudha goes to speak to her papa, Chandar says that he has told him to leave. Sudha goes to Mr. Shukla and asks if he asked Chandar to leave. Mr. Shukla says yes he did. Sudha says he can't send Chandar out like this. Mr. Shukla says he isn't sending Chandar out but taking him to Bareli. Sudha is annoyed that Chandar always annoys her. She asks what he will bring for her. Sudha says he will bring a groom. Sudha says he must be a fat one, so will put a pickle of him. she asks if he is still feeling bad about Bua. Chandar says he feels bad for Binti. Bua scolds her badly, she hasn't been happy till yet and watching her inlaws, he isn't much hopeful. Sudha asks why marry? Chandar says only because that guy is Brahman. He himself doesn't accept it but there is society. He tells Sudha to take care and leaves. Sudha smiles.<br /> <br /> They travelled in train. In the corridor, Chandar says to Mr. Shukla that he was much open in seminar today. Some people might disagree. Mr. Shukla says it isn't necessary everyone agrees with you. Some young men come with playcards and shout against Mr. Shukla. A young man stops them, he says that Mr. Shukla is their guest. The students say that he has seen some things in the seminar that are false, Kailash says that he really dislikes the way they are disrespecting an older man.<br /> <br /> Kailash gives Mr. Shukla and Chandar a cup of tea and says they will get peaceful in a few minutes. Mr. Shukla says he has saved him today and asks what his name is. He says it is Kailash. Mr. Shukla asks what his cast is. He says it is Brahman. Mr. Shukla asks who is at home. He says his father and mother. Mr. Shukla introduces him to Chandar who is doing PhD and is like his family member. Mr. Shukla says that he wants to meet his parents, Kailash says sure, he has no objection.<br /> <br /> They return. Chandar comes to Sudha who was in ground. He says he has come here for the first time after returning from Bareli and she is so uninterested. Sudha says he hasn't even come here straight, he comes here only to have tea. Chandar asks her for a cup of tea, Sudha calls Binti to bring a cup of tea. Chandar says she has got an assistant. Chandar asks Sudha to write a letter to Kailash, Sudha asks is he the one who saved his life. Chandar corrects that he saved Sir's life. Sudha tells him to write from her as well that she wants to meet him. She says she was thinking about joining the party in a year or so. Chandar gets a cough. He asks if she knows what joining party means, one has to work there. And what if she will tell her papa that in a party one gets tea and biscuits and she got a lecture. They laugh, Binti had brought the tea and also laughs. Bua comes there, she scolds Binti for laughing so loud. Chandar asks if he must light a candle in the temple and asks to take Binti along her as well. Bua gi agrees, and takes Binti to get ready.<br /> On the boat, Binti and Sudha feels excited. Binti says this place is so beautiful. Sudha tells her to shut her eyes. They call Ao, Ao.. (Come.. come). All the birds gather around their boat. Chandar throws their feed to them. Binti wishes this remains the same.<br /> <br /> At night, Pandits were praying. Chandar comes with Mr. Shukla and Sudha. They pray there. Sudha goes downstairs and takes a seat in prayer. Mr. Shukla and Chandar sit upstairs. Mr. Shukla says to Chandar that Sudha has grown up now. He asks Chandar that if he has to choose a boy for Sudha how he should be. Chandar was speechless. He says to Mr. Shukla that he knows better. Mr. Shukla says that he wants to know his opinion as he knows Sudha really well. Chandar says that for Sudha, the guy must be educated, good natured, and respectful of elders and never keeps Sudha in pain. Mr. Shukla says that he must also be Brahman. Chandar at once remembers a talk with Mr. Shukla. He had said that one can't separate milk from tea. He says one can try. He says that there are a few things less in people that can't be separated from them. This is his belief. Mr. Shukla says that he has seen such a guy. He shows him the photo of Kailash and says he thinks that he will keep Sudha happy. He has even talked to Kailash's family, he likes Sudha. Now Chandar must speak to Sudha about it. Chandar stands with Mr. Shukla who leaves, Chandar stands there with the photo.<br /> <br /> Chandar keeps the photo in his pocket as the pooja was ending. Sudha turns to call Chandar downstairs where they light candles. They go upstairs hand in hand with each other. Chandar thinks about Mr. Shukla's opinion about Kailash. He remembers one of his teacher had told him not to forget about the ones who owed them with something, never forget to respect others and give love, in the end success will be his. He looks at Kailash's photo, sitting on his easy chair. He tears Sudha's photo in his book and press it in his fist.<br /> <br /> Sudha was enjoying with her friends, dancing in her room. Chandar comes home and hears the girls singing. He arrive at Sudha's room and calls her out. Sudha comes out, she sends Chandar away and says she will come to him a bit late. Chandar waits for her on the swing downstairs. Binti comes to him as he was watching Kailash's photo. She asks what happened? And asks is this Kailash with whom Sudha's proposal has been done. So, her uncle has given him this responsibility to tell Sudha. She asks Chandar to look at her. Chandar asks what is she seeing. She says she is seeing if Devtas ever blink. She leaves.<br /> <br /> Mr. Shukla calls Sudha, Sudha brings tea downstairs. Chandar stops her and asks her to sit. She shows her the photo of Sudha, that this is Kailash. Sudha says he is good looking, and handsome. Chandar asks if she likes him. Sudha says yes, and heads to leave. Chandar stops her, Sudha says if he needs something he must ask Binti. Chandar asks her to sit down and takes her hand in his. He asks her to agree upon something he is going to say. Sudha asks what is that she doesn't hear when he says. Chandar says that he wants her to promise she won't deny. Chandar places his eyes on Sudha's hand and asks her to marry that guy. Sudha jerks his hand away and goes backward, away from Chandar. She cries and says she doesn't like such jokes. Is this why he had been speaking to her with such love. Chandar says that she has promised him. Sudha says she didn't promise, and what promise does he fulfil; is it right to get his promise fulfilled. She cries and pleads him not to sacrifice her tying her in a promise. Chandar comes to her, keeps a hand on her shoulder. She jerks his hand away and runs inside the room. Chandar comes to her again, she again jerks him away and says she will never marry. They want to kill her, she herself will beat herself to death and hits her head on mirror. Sudha asks if he was the only one to make her choose her proposal, she doesn't need him anymore. She asks him if he felt ashamed asking the questions that he did. She cries, takes the photo from Chandar's hand and says that she will tell Papa that she likes this guy, he is good but she will never marry him. Chandar stops Sudha, she wrestles with him. He slaps her, she fell on the floor. Both cry in agony.<br /> <br /> Sudha gets up to hold Chandar's hand, she asks if he is hurt? She keeps her face on his hand, he looks at her. She says if he will take enmity with her Chandar? Chandar says he wonders what she must be thinking about him, he understands her well. Her heart has told him what it couldn't tell her, have they come into each other's life to make each other weak. Sudha holds Chandar's hand, his tears fell off his eyes. Sudha says she knows that she isn't Geesu who dreams of getting married. She knows that she is so pure for him, she doesn't want to marry anyone. She tells him not to get upset. She will do what he would ask her in life. Both cry. Chandar asks Sudha if he should tell Mr. Shukla that she has agreed for this proposal, Sudha fell back to sit. Chandar leaves the room heavily. Binti was watching this. Chandar loses control and fell on floor in the hall, he stands up, rubs his head and moves forward. Binti watches.<br /> <br /> Sudha cries in her room.<br /> <br /> Chandar was sitting on the swing, Sudha was going upstairs from behind when she stops behind him. He looks at her, she smiles weakly and asks when he came. She tells him that tomorrow Kailash's family is coming, her to be mother in law and sister in law to be. She asks if Chandar feels good he must bring her powder and perfume, may be they like her this way. Sudha was about to touch Chandar's shoulder, he stops her saying the black colour will get on it. Sudha looks at her hand, then says his soul can never be made dirty. She asks him to massage her head, she really want it to. Chandar asks her to sit on the swing. CHandar says that she hasn't yet lost her childhood, she shouldn't have done this with her Papa. Sudha says it is gone. Chandar asks when? Sudha says yesterday afternoon. Tear fell off Sudha's eyes.<br /> <br /> Chandar drove his bicycle when he sees Sudha standing in the way. He calls her name but she was lost. He asks what is she doing here. Sudha says her shoe broke when she was going to college, she is getting it mended at cobbler. Chandar says she could have asked him, last time she came to university. The cobbler gives them the shoe, Chandar says may be there is a problem with her shoe. Sudha says may be she doesn't know how to walk. Chandar asks her to drop her to the college, Sudha says he has go to university, their ways are different. Chandar says they can go together for some time, Chandar drives his cycle along with Sudha's Tonga until they get apart. Sudha watches Chandar going on his way.<br /> Binti tells Chandar that Sudha isn't eating anything. He comes to Sudha and asks why isn't she eating anything. Sudha says she has no appetite. Chandar shows her the card design of her wedding, he tells her to come there for sure. The guy is good looking, she will like meeting him. Sudha says she will try to come, now if her husband will allow she will come for sure. Chandar smiles, he says he will get her husband for sure.<br /> <br /> At home, there are wedding preparations. The ladies danced at the beat of drum. Chandar watches Binti dancing, she stops at once as she notices him looking towards her. Chandar gets medicine for Sudha so that she gets worried soon. Sudha didn't hear. Chandar says that the whole house is preparing for wedding, and she is so silent. What if someone asks why is she silent. He says if she remains like this, he will also fall ill. Sudha sits up in her bed and takes the medicine.<br /> Chandar comes to Mr. Shukla, he asks if Sudha took medicine. Mr. Shukla tells Chandar to get some furniture for the new house of Sudha and Kailash. Chandar says that Kailash is the member of socialists party, he won't accept it. Mr. Shukla says that we must give something to them as gift. Chandar says we are giving them the most precious gift of this house, it will cost us a lot. Mr. Shukla says that he is right. How will they live in this house once Sudha is gone. There was lighting decorations on the house, the wedding was taking place. Mr. Shukla sends Binti to bring Sudha. Binti says to Chandar that it is time for wedding, Sudha will only come if he says to her. Chandar says this obedience of hers has become a punishment for him, may be there was one thing that Sudha wouldn't have agreed to.<br /> <br /> Sudha stood watching moonlight, Chandar comes to terrace. Binti also hears the talk. Sudha asks Chandar to look at it, she will also watch it. This way they will be able to see each other. Chandar looks at Sudha for a while, then tells her that everyone is waiting for her downstairs. He asks if she won't listen to him, she asks what is that she didn't listen of him. But she has a condition. Binti was standing at the door. She goes there, and says that Chandar must be there in the time of vows, if he won't be there she will not be able to do this. Chandar says what is she saying. Binti asks Chandar to say yes. Chandar says he has a lot to do. Sudha says today they only have one important task, they have to cross each other's heart. She leaves downstairs.<br /> <br /> Chandar and Binti bring Sudha downstairs. Mr. Shukla hugs her and makes her sit on the stage. The wedding rituals take place. Kailash takes his wedding vows. Sudha accepts them. Chandar walked away from the hall with each vow.<br /> <br /> Sudha accepts the vows of marriage and the rituals continue. Chandar walks away from the hall. They take wedding rounds. Kailash smiled, Sudha cried. Sudha comes at the terrace of the house where Chandar was asleep. She sits beside his bed and cries, he wakes up at once. He holds at once, he says that she is a great lady, she is much more than what he has thought her of. Sudha puts some flowers in the feet of Chandar bound in her dupatta. He asks what she is doing. She then puts red colour on his feet. She says that she will no longer listen to anything he will say. She keeps her head on his knee and cries. Chandar was silent. She takes the flowers from his foot, wrap in again, crying she will take them with her. She stands to leave, Chandar stops her and asks if she is really going. Crying, she says she is leaving the house, not his heart. He holds her hand and says he doesn't know how, but please don't go. Sudha says she will have to leave, she tells him to take care of himself and her papa. She asks him to leave her hand, he has no right to hold it now. The farewell bidding rituals take place. Sudha leaves thinking that she prays this house never gets unpeaceful as it has kept her like a princess. She has played her in this house, spent her childhood. Her memories are associated with this house. Mr. Shukla stood outside the door, and blesses Sudha to stay happy. Sudha asks him to forgive her if she ever did a mistake, and take care of himself. Sudha tells Chandar to take care of Papa's medicines, and drink only milk tea. It isn't that he stops taking care of himself if Sudha has gone. She tells Binti to take care of Chandar, hugs Mai and both cry loud. Kailash keeps a hand on Sudha's shoulder and takes her along into the car. Chandar shuts the car door. Chandar and Sudha couldn't take off their eyes on each other until the car had moved on. Chandar turns to face Binti who was staring at him too. She then goes inside along with everyone leaving Chandar alone.<br /> <br /> On the river bank, Chandar sat alone on the stairs. He looks at a girl standing on the boat, the vision clears to be Sudha. He calls Sudha but it was Binti. She corrects that it is her, Chandar asks what she is doing so early here. Binti says she came to pray for something. Chandar asks what she had to pray. Binti asks what he was looking for and why he called her Sudha, was he looking for her. Chandar says Sudha has gone, it seems everything has gone with her. Binti says that he let her go, she says that he must have taken Sudha from Kailash, he let Sudha go instead. Her uncle also did so. Chandar says it was good for Sudha. Binti says that for Sudha, he has always taken the decisions and they were even right. But this time he was mistaken. She says that she is afraid this time and Chandar must also be afraid of this. Binti leaves.<br /> <br /> Chandar arrive at the library and indulges himself in the daily routine. He comes to cobbler one day in winter, he asks to repair his shoe. He was lost, recalls Sudha instructing the cobbler. He tells him to do it right, and instructs just the way of Sudha. The cobbler says that he is just instructing like the madam. Chandar is silent, he pays the cobbler. The cobbler asks where madam is, he didn't see her for long. Chandar leaves without answering.<br /> <br /> In the morning, Raamu brings Chandar tea. He remembers when Sudha brought him tea, he had commented that there is no tea, and this is only milk. Sudha had convinced him that milk is healthy. Chandar held the cup and took a sip, Sudha tasted it and asked what had happened to it. Chandar had said that this is what she wanted him to take. Chandar remembers that Sudha had asked him to take milk tea only. He woke up from a night mare, Binti stood there. Chandar mistakes her with Sudha, Binti says it is her and she wants to tell him Sudha is coming home. Chandar is excited<br /> The next morning, Chandar arrives at Sudha's place. At the doorstep, he is happy to see Sudha. He calls Sudha, Sudha who was upstairs runs down to him. Both exchanges cheerful smiles, Sudha was about to take step to Chandar when Kailash calls her from upstairs. Sudha stops at once. Binti was noticing, she tells Sudha that Kailash is calling her. Sudha goes back. Binti comes to Chandar and asks what she wants, Chandar smiles and says she has got really sensible.<br /> Sudha comes to the room, Kailash asks where her Kurta is. Sudha says she will just get it, Kailash gets flirtatious with her. He says he loves Sudha, Sudha avoids him.<br /> <br /> Mr. Shukla asks Chandar why he came after a long time. Chandar says that he wasn't feeling really well. Mr. Shukla says that he is also not well, it is said that after the wedding of a daughter father's burden reduces but here he doesn't feel so. Sudha comes there. She says that she had asked Chandar to take care of Papa, but what she should say him now. Mr. Shukla says that now she has scolded him, now from today everything will go well. She says that she came to say that she is going to temple, Papa allows. Sudha asks Chandar if he will come. Chandar says he will also go. Kailash comes there and tells Sudha to leave Chandar with him. Chandar asks Sudha to go with Binti.<br /> <br /> Sudha and Binti sit at the river. Sudha sings. Binti continues with the song; Sudha cries. Both cry. Binti asks why she had gone. Sudha asks if she really think she had left. Binti tells her not to make up. She tells Sudha that the house has gone empty after she has left. Sudha tells her to take care of Chandar, when she looks at Chandar she thinks this is some other Chandar. He has changed so much, she wants her Chandar, like he was when she was there. Sudha tells Binti to become Sudha. Binti says she can never be Sudha.<br /> <br /> Kailash and Chandar have tea together. Kailash says to Chandar that he has handed him a wrong girl. He is a bullet and she is so dry. Chandar says to Kailash that his mates has brought revolution. Kailash says that their blood is warm. Chandar says that he writes poems. Kailash laughs saying he wants to party and Chandar wants to write. He says that there is something more strong than everything, that is marriage. He tells Chandar that he wanted to do so much for this country, but after getting married he got so peaceful.<br /> <br /> Next day, Chandar comes home. Binti asks him to come inside, he will get meal. She goes inside and asks Sudha to take meal for Chandar. Sudha asks Binti to take it, as she now will have to take care of him. Binti sends Sudha. Sudha comes to Chandar with the plate and smiles. Chandar was upset. Sudha was happy being with him, she asks Chandar why is he annoyed with the food. She makes a bite, Chandar refuses. He tells her to go, he will eat by himself as this doesn't suit a married lady. Tears fell off Sudha's eyes, she asks why is he punishing her, why he talks to her like a stranger. Chandar says this is of no use, and he doesn't want this all. This all doesn't suit her as a married lady. Sudha says that he had compelled her to marry and leave, she throws her bangles and jewellery away saying which married woman. Chandar is shocked. She asks if he wanted this. He comes and makes Sudha sit, he puts her jewelry on again. Sudha cries. She says that she doesn't care about anyone, goes away from him and tells him to have food, for her please. Because if he won't eat, she won't be able to have it. And she doesn't only have to eat for herself, but for someone else as well.<br /> Sudha takes a leave from Mr. Shukla, she tells him to take his medicines in time and don't worry about him. Kailash tells Mr. Shukla not to worry about Sudha. Sudha tells Chandar to take care of himself, Chandar tells Kailash to keep coming here, it brings happiness in their house. Kailash tells Chandar that the next time, this happiness will be double because they will be three next time. Kailash hugs Chandar and leaves, Chandar is shocked.<br /> <br /> Chandar asks Mr. Shukla where they are leaving, Mr. Shukla says he is going to bid his other daughter as well. Chandar wishes Binti that may she lives peacefully at her husband's house.<br /> <br /> Chandar remains lost. He arrives at Sudha's house, sits on the sofa and relaxes. He calls Mai, then asks Sudha to tell Mai bring him water. He was asleep. He speaks in sleep that Sudha if she knows he only drinks tea from her hand. He shouts and calls anyone at home. The voices of Sudha and Mr. Shukla echo in his mind. Chandar shouts, going crazy. He fells on the floor in agony. Pammi ji comes and hugs him. She spends time with Chandar, he indulges in drinking, smoking and relation with Pammi.<br /> <br /> Chandar gets up coughing in the morning. Someone mixes tea for him, he sits up, smiles and asks Sudha? Binti says it is her. She asks if he is still sleeping, there Mr. Shukla daily goes to look for him. She watches the bottle of alcohol and says why would he go to river now. Chandar asks wasn't she going to marry. Binti says it has broken, Mr. Shukla let him go. Chandar asks why is she so happy. Binti says some marriages must break, and some marriages must not take place.<br /> Mr. Shukla sat besides the river. A pandit asks if Chandar hasn't come, he even didn't see him for some time. Mr. Shukla says yes, he hasn't come. He stands to leave, and watches Chandar standing behind. Mr. Shukla comes down again besides the river. Chandar was about to touch his feet. Mr. Shukla holds his hands, he says that may be he has done a big mistake, a man becomes great because of his acts and not his cast. He apologizes the God as well and turns to leave.<br /> The next day, Bua was crying when Chandar arrive. She says to Chandar that this is the third time that her wedding broke. Raami kaka tells Chandar they were greedy people, the boy was also inter fail. Bua curses Binti whey she doesn't die at all. Binti stands up and tells her to stop it now, there has been enough, if she hates her face so much she must go to a temple and only pray there. She shouts at her that she will stay here at her mama's place, if she wants to leave she can. Mr. Shukla smiled victoriously.<br /> <br /> Chandar asks Pammi what she is reading. Pamii says it is his diary. 3rd feb: 10 am Sudha's shoe repaired. 12 am take Sudha to singing class. 3 pm Sudha's appointment at doctor. 5 pm get Sudha's papers solved. Pammi smiles that this whole diary is filled with Sudha and still he claims he didn't love her. Chandar says only he didn't know, his diary even did.<br /> Binti says to Chandar that Sudha asked her to take care of him but she will only take care of him if he comes here. He never comes. Chandar asks if she had called him for scolding. Binti says there is a letter for him, of Sudha. Chandar is excited. Binti asks him to promise first that he will come here daily. Binti asks him to take promise on Sudha's name that he will come here daily and won't go at Pammi's house. Chandar asks how she knows he goes to Pammi's house. Binti says she understands him, he has touched the heights of love, he knows that if one falls from height it pains a lot. She can't see him fell. This time she is giving him the letter, but the next time she won't give Sudha's letter to his hands. She hands the letter to Chandar. Binti leaves.<br /> <br /> Sudha had written, that this time she left him but she won't be able to do it the next time. How she should take care of herself, when she watches his face sometimes she only gets peace. She doesn't know where the storm of her life will take her. She has been spending her days in his memories, and asks him to hide behind her memories.<br /> <br /> Sudha reads the reply, he is happy that she is happy. He is fine and happy. She must stop worrying for him as well. Sudha cried reading the letter. Kailash asks whose letter is this. Sudha says this is from his home. Kailash was polite, Sudha cried.<br /> <br /> Mr. Shukla hears the call, he tells Binti to call Bua as Sudha is unwell, there was a call from her inlaws, they must go soon. He calls Chandar. Chandar wakes up restlessly.<br /> <br /> Mr. Shukla brings Sudha weak, she was weak and was about to step up the stair when Chandar holds her hand. They look at each other for a while, Mr. Shukla asks Chandar to take Sudha inside. In the room, Binti wipes Sudha's sweat and asks how she feels. Sudha smiles and says now she is home, she is feeling better. Binti asks juice? Sudha asks for tea with her hand, Binti goes to bring it. While leaving, she asks Chandar if he would like it too. Chandar nods. Sudha asks Chandar to sit beside her. He comes to sit on the bed but steals his looks from Sudha, tear fell off Sudha's eyes. She asks what condition has he made of him. Sudha feels nauseatic, Chandar feels concerned. Chandar asks what she has done with herself, Sudha says now she is home, everything will be fine now. Chandar asks if she wants to go somewhere out. Sudha smiles that she was also thinking the same. Chandar asks where she would like to go, Sudha says to Pammi ji. Pammi ji makes tea for Sudha, she asks Chandar if he would like tea or coffee. Chandar says nothing. Pammi ji lights a cigarette for herself, she asks Sudha how she is. Sudha says good. Pammi says she liked hearing that someone is happy after marriage. Bunti comes inside excited that one rose has budded off. Pammi sends Chandar with him. Pammi asks Sudha what she wants to say. Sudha says Chandar is no more the way he was, he is falling and only she can save him. Pammi asks what she is saying. SUdha says she knows it all, and Pammi knows what Sudha doesn't. She joins her hand and asks Pammi to save Chandar, only she can save him. Pammi wipes her tears.<br /> <br /> Sudha lights a candle, Pammi gets her a rose pressed in a book. She asks if she remembers this rose. They recall it was the one Sudha had given her in Kashmir. Pammi says she was right, this rose was always Sudha's. When it was with her it was fresh, but now it has dried up. She tells Sudha to keep it to herself, if it remains with her it might remain fresh. Sudha cries, Chandar comes and asks what happened. Pammi says Sudha isn't well, he must take her home. They exchange smiles, Pammi asks Chandar to take care of her and himself as well. They leave, Pammi lights a candle to calm herself, then calls Chandar back. She tells Chandar that she is going abroad for some time, she might get a bit late in returning. When she returns he must take care of himself. She says good bye to Chandar. Chandar leaves, speechless.<br /> Sudha and Chandar come back home. Chandar says to Sudha he had to tell her something. Sudha says Binti told her he is going out. She tells him to come soon, it must not get very late. Chandar insists that she must go inside, but Sudha makes him sit in the car. She feels unwell again and struggles to come inside. Near the swing, the pain gets unbearable, she calls Papa in agony and fell on the floor. Everyone runs outside. Mr. Shukla shouts her name from upstairs. Mr. Shukla shouts to call a doctor.<br /> <br /> The doctor tells Mr. Shukla what he has done to Sudha. Sudha's condition has worsen, he must call Kapoor and Kailash.<br /> Kailash tells Sudha that Mr. Shukla called him because she was unwell. He is unaware that Kailash is not her treatment but ailment. Mr. Shukla stood on the door, lost when Kailash comes to him. He takes his blessings and tells Mr. Shukla it is important that he leaves, comrades needs him and Australia's conference is also important. Mr. Shukla says Sudha also needs him. Kailash says his presence of absence won't affect Sudha much. Mr. Shukla says he couldn't understand Sudha. Kailash says may be, but he just came to know Sudha but he knows her for years as he is her father, could he understand Sudha. Mr. Shukla was speechless. Kailash says Sudha is like a breeze, cold and peaceful. He is the storm, he doesn't has that peace that Sudha needed. He says he will try to come soon, touches Mr. Shukla's feet again and leaves. Mr. Shukla takes a seat.<br /> <br /> Sudha called Sudha in sleep. The doctor observed her and takes Mr. Shukla out. Binti sits besides Sudha. The doctor says to Mr. Shukla that there are two more hours, if they pass he will return him his daughter.<br /> <br /> Binti was sitting with Sudha. It was raining heavily. Sudha murmurs Chandar's name. Binti calls her. Sudha asks who is she. Binti tells her to recognize it is her. Sudha says how can she be Binti, Binti is with Chandar. She tells Binti to take care of Chandar in her absence. Sudha looks behind Binti and asks who is there, Binti says no one is there. She looks behind Binti and says she won't go, she doesn't have to go right now. Binti calls Mr. Shukla, Sudha doesn't recognize Mr. Shukla. Doctor also comes there. Sudha says that it is time, the bells have rung and she must leave. The doctor says to Mr. Shukla that Sudha likes rain a lot, they must take her out. Sudha still murmured Chandar's name. Out in the garden, SUdha asks Mr. Shukla if Chandar is coming. May be she would be able to see him. She tells Binti to make a garland of flowers for Chandar. Binti says she won't do any work for Sudha, she must do all her work by herself. She cries that Chandar doesn't listen to anyone except her. Sudha says now he will have to hear, she won't be able to speak. She again asks about Chandar. A car arrive at the home, Mr. Shukla tells Sudha that Chandar has arrived. Suhda gets still on the bench.<br /> <br /> In the corridor, Mr. Shukla and Chandar were together. Chandar asks Mr. Shukla what happened. Mr. Shukla cries that she can no longer be saved.<br /> <br /> Sudha sits up in bed and asks Binti if Chandar has come. Chandar stands at the door. She turns to look at Chandar, then asks when he returned from Australia, now what he wants. She tells him to see what he has done to her, he must leave else she will hit her head on the bed and die. Chandar heads to leave. Sudha sits up again and smiles at Chandar asking if he has come. Chandar comes to sit besides her and says he has arrived. He assures her that she will get well. She makes him sit on her bed and tells him to stay here. He hugs Sudha and says she has to live with them all. She calls Mr. Shukla who comes to hug her, she hugs him and cry saying she is in much pain. She asks him to let her rest on his lap. She cries and tells Mr. Shukla to ask Chandar marry Binti. Both Chandar and Binti are shocked. She requests Chandar himself, but couldn't bend. She tells Binti that she can't bend, she must touch Chandar's feet and touch them at her forehead. Binti does so. Sudha lay on the bed, Chandar moves behind crying. Mr. Shukla hugs him. Chandar hears Sudha crying in pain, they head towards her. Sudha straightens up again asking who is he, behind Chandar. She tells him to go, he must not take Chandar but her. Chandar says he is here, Sudha cried in pain. Chandar notices Sudha was still, Mr. Shukla cried her name.<br /> <br /> Chandar stood with Sudha's Astiyan on the river. Binti was with him in the boat. Chandar was lost in Sudha's thoughts. Binti was thinking how Sudha had given her hand in Chandar's. Chandar thought how he had said to her once in the boat that those who comes have to go. He finally does the Astiya Visarjan. He remembers when Sudha had left him at the time of her wedding. Binti opens Chandar's fist to let go of the last dust left. Chandar fell on the boat seat, he and Binti cry together.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> *[[Rahil Azam]] as Chandar Kapoor&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rahil-Azam-is-back-on-TV/articleshow/45732106.cms|title=Rahil Azam is back on TV - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=3 January 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/rahil-azam-i-want-people-to-miss-me-on-tv/story-Ij1kVvFPZY6l5NZLvN8GTL.html|title=Rahil Azam: I want people to miss me on TV|date=2017-10-02|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-08-18|archive-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818013852/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/rahil-azam-i-want-people-to-miss-me-on-tv/story-Ij1kVvFPZY6l5NZLvN8GTL.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Umang Jain]] as Sudha Shukla&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2015/oct/27/umang-jain-has-come-a-long-way-834905.html|title=Umang Jain has Come a Long Way|website=The New Indian Express|date=27 October 2015 |access-date=2019-08-18|archive-date=25 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525021130/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2015/Oct/27/umang-jain-has-come-a-long-way-834905.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Shweta Salve]] as Pamela “Pammi” D’Cruz<br /> *[[Rajendra Gupta]] as Dr. Shukla<br /> *[[Winy Tripathi]] as Kailash Mishra<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Life OK Programmes}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha}}<br /> [[Category:2015 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2015 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows based on Indian novels]]<br /> [[Category:Indian historical television series]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama television series]]<br /> [[Category:2010s Indian television miniseries]]<br /> [[Category:Life OK original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Uttar Pradesh]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._M._Beenamol&diff=473116 2025-10-17T09:28:10Z

<p>JulianaThurston: basic correct formatting to improve readability and fixed typos as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian athlete}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox sportsperson<br /> | honorific_prefix = <br /> | name = K. M. Beenamol<br /> | honorific_suffix = <br /> | image = K.M Beenamol hands over the Queen’s Baton to the Chief Minister of Kerala - 2010 (cropped).jpg<br /> | caption = Beenamol handing over the Queen's Baton to the Chief Minister of Kerala in 2010<br /> | headercolor = <br /> | textcolor = |&lt;!-- Personal information --&gt;<br /> | native_name_lang = ml<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | fullname = Kalayathumkuzhi Mathews Beenamol<br /> | nickname = <br /> | nationality = <br /> | national_team = India<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1975|08|15}}<br /> | birth_place = Kombidinjal, [[Idukki district]], [[Kerala]], India<br /> | years_active = 1990–2004<br /> | spouse = Dr. Vivek George<br /> | employer = [[Indian Railways]]<br /> | height = {{convert|163|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fig&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=K. M. Beenamol|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/be/k-m-beenamol-1.html|website=sports-reference.com|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318005716/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/be/k-m-beenamol-1.html|archive-date=18 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | weight = {{convert|50|kg|lb|0}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fig&quot;/&gt;<br /> | module = |&lt;!-- Sport --&gt;<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | sport = [[Track and field]]<br /> | position = <br /> | event = [[Sprint (running)|Sprint]] ([[400 metres|400 m]])&lt;br&gt;[[Middle-distance running|Middle-distance]] ([[800 metres|800 m]])&lt;br&gt;[[Relay race|Relay]] ([[4 × 400 metres relay|4 × 400 m]])<br /> | event_type = <br /> | coach = Raju Paul<br /> | retired = <br /> | coaching = <br /> | module2 = |&lt;!-- Achievements and titles --&gt;<br /> | worlds = <br /> | regionals = <br /> | nationals = <br /> | olympics = <br /> | paralympics = <br /> | commonwealth = <br /> | highestranking = <br /> | pb = '''400 m''': 51.21 ([[Kyiv]], 2000)&lt;ref name=&quot;iaaf&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=K. Mathews Beenamol IAAF Profile|url=https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/india/k-mathews-beenamol-172839|website=[[IAAF]]|access-date=20 November 2016<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120114512/https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/india/k-mathews-beenamol-172839|archive-date=20 November 2016<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''800 m''': 2:02.01 ([[New Delhi]], 2002)&lt;ref name=&quot;iaaf&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''4 × 400 m relay''': 3:26.89 ([[Athens]], 2004) '''NR'''|&lt;!-- Medal record --&gt;<br /> | show-medals = <br /> | medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport|Women's athletics}}<br /> {{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}<br /> {{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Athletics Championships]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Gold|[[2000 Asian Athletics Championships|2000 Jakarta]]|[[2000 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4 × 400 m relay]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Silver|[[2000 Asian Athletics Championships|2000 Jakarta]]|[[2000 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 400 metres#Medalists|400 m]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Games]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Gold|[[2002 Asian Games|2002 Busan]]|[[Athletics at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 800 metres|800 m]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Gold|[[2002 Asian Games|2002 Busan]]|[[Athletics at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4 × 400 m relay]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Silver|[[2002 Asian Games|2002 Busan]]|[[Athletics at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 400 metres|400 m]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Junior Athletics Championships]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Gold|[[1992 Asian Junior Athletics Championships|1992 New Delhi]]|[[1992 Asian Junior Athletics Championships – Women's 800 metres#Medalists|800 m]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Gold|[[1992 Asian Junior Athletics Championships|1992 New Delhi]]|[[1992 Asian Junior Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4 × 400 m relay]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Silver|[[1992 Asian Junior Athletics Championships|1992 New Delhi]]|[[1992 Asian Junior Athletics Championships – Women's 400 metres#Medalists|400 m]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Silver|[[1994 Asian Junior Athletics Championships|1994 Jakarta]]|[[1994 Asian Junior Athletics Championships – Women's 800 metres#Medalists|800 m]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Bronze|[[1994 Asian Junior Athletics Championships|1994 Jakarta]]|[[1994 Asian Junior Athletics Championships – Women's 400 metres#Medalists|400 m]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Bronze|[[1994 Asian Junior Athletics Championships|1994 Jakarta]]|[[1994 Asian Junior Athletics Championships – Women's 4×400 metres relay#Medalists|4×400 m relay]]}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Indian name|Beenamol|Kalayathumkuzhi Mathews}}<br /> '''Kalayathumkuzhi Mathews Beenamol''', popularly known as '''K. M. Beenamol''' (born 15 August 1975, from Kombidinjal, [[Idukki district]], [[Kerala]]) is an Indian international athlete.<br /> <br /> == Professional athletics career ==<br /> Beenamol and her brother [[K. M. Binu]] became the first Indian siblings to win medals in a major international competition.{{Citation needed|date= August 2022}} Binu won a silver medal in men's 800m race.{{Citation needed|date= August 2022}}<br /> <br /> === Olympics ===<br /> It was during [[2000 Summer Olympics]], Beenamol was largely unknown, until she became the third Indian woman to reach an [[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay#Final|Olympic semi-final]] since [[P. T. Usha]] and [[Shiny Wilson]], who achieved almost the same feat in [[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metres hurdles#Final|400m Hurdles]] in [[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metres#Semi final|800m]] respectively in the [[1984 Summer Olympics]] in [[Los Angeles]].{{Citation needed|date= August 2022}}<br /> <br /> === Asian games ===<br /> She won the gold medal in [[Athletics at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 800 metres#Final|women's 800m]] and the [[Athletics at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay#Results|4 × 400 m women's relay]] in the [[2002 Asian Games]] held at [[Busan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;tiny&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kombodinjal basks in Beenamol, Binu's glory |url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/ag/2002/oct/16beena.htm |access-date=19 November 2016 |work=[[Rediff]] |date=16 October 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021124063250/http://www.rediff.com/sports/ag/2002/oct/16beena.htm |archive-date=24 November 2002 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu1&quot;&gt;{{cite news | last= Sen Gupta | first= Abhijit| title= She's been at it | date=16 May 2002| url =http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/05/16/stories/2002051600490400.htm| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20040404153633/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/05/16/stories/2002051600490400.htm| url-status =dead| archive-date =4 April 2004| work =[[The Hindu]]| access-date = 2010-01-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu2&quot;&gt;{{cite news | title= 'Star of the Year' award for Beenamol | date=19 November 2004| url =http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/19/stories/2004111905831600.htm| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20041123040600/http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/19/stories/2004111905831600.htm| url-status =dead| archive-date =23 November 2004| work =[[The Hindu]]| access-date = 2010-01-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Achievements==<br /> {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|2000<br /> |rowspan=2|[[2000 Asian Championships in Athletics|Asian Championships]] <br /> |rowspan=2|[[Jakarta, Indonesia]]<br /> |{{Gold medal}}<br /> |[[2000 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4 × 400 m relay]]<br /> |3:31.54<br /> |-<br /> |{{Silver medal}}<br /> |[[2000 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 400 metres#Medalists|400 m]]<br /> |51.41<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|2002<br /> |rowspan=2|[[2002 Asian Games|Asian Games]] <br /> |rowspan=2|[[Busan, South Korea]]<br /> |{{Gold medal}}<br /> |[[Athletics at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 800 metres|800 m]]<br /> |2:04.17<br /> |-<br /> |{{Gold medal}}<br /> |[[Athletics at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4 × 400 m relay]]<br /> |3:30.84<br /> |-<br /> |2004<br /> |[[Olympic Games]] <br /> |[[Athens, Greece]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot; | 6th<br /> |[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4 × 400 m relay]]<br /> |3:26.89 '''[[List of Indian records in athletics|NR]]'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> Beenamol was conferred [[Arjuna Award]] in 2000 for her exemplary achievement in her athletic career.&lt;ref name=&quot;arjun&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Arjun Award - Sports|url=http://www.olympic.ind.in/arjun.html|website=[[Indian Olympic Association]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922142359/http://www.olympic.ind.in/arjun.html|archive-date=22 September 2016|access-date=20 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aayas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=List of Arjuna Award Winners|url=http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm|website=[[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]]|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225221945/http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm|archive-date=25 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; She is also the joint winner of [[India]]'s highest sporting honour, the [[Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna]] award in the year 2002–2003 along with [[Anjali Ved Pathak Bhagwat]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rgkra&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Arjuna Awards, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, Dhyan Chand and Dronacharya awards given away|url=http://pib.nic.in/archive/releases98/lyr2003/raug2003/29082003/r2908200311.html|website=[[Press Information Bureau]]|publisher=[[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]]|access-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426072256/http://pib.nic.in/archive/releases98/lyr2003/raug2003/29082003/r2908200311.html|archive-date=26 April 2016|date=29 August 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;oraj&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award|url=http://www.olympic.ind.in/rajiv.html|website=[[Indian Olympic Association]]|access-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922142322/http://www.olympic.ind.in/rajiv.html|archive-date=22 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2004, she was awarded the [[Padma Shri]].&lt;ref name=&quot;padma&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Padma Awards directory (1954-2014)|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/YearWiseListOfRecipientsBharatRatnaPadmaAwards-1954-2014.pdf|website=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=20 November 2016|page=136|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115022326/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/YearWiseListOfRecipientsBharatRatnaPadmaAwards-1954-2014.pdf|archive-date=15 November 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> <br /> K. M. Beenamol is married to Vivek George, a pathologist, and has 2 children, Ashwin and Haile (named after Ethiopian legend [[Haile Gebrselassie]]).{{cn|date=January 2022}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of Kerala Olympians]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{sports links}}<br /> <br /> {{Asian Games Champions Athletics 800 m Women}}<br /> {{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}<br /> {{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}<br /> {{Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Awardees}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Beenamol, K. M.}}<br /> [[Category:1975 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Malayali people]]<br /> [[Category:Sportswomen from Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Athletes from Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women middle-distance runners]]<br /> [[Category:Olympic athletes for India]]<br /> [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics]]<br /> [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics]]<br /> [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Games athletes for India]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]<br /> [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Asian Games]]<br /> [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2002 Asian Games]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Khel Ratna Award]]<br /> [[Category:People from Idukki district]]<br /> [[Category:Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games]]<br /> [[Category:Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games]]<br /> [[Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for India]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Athletics Championships winners]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Athletics Championships medalists]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in athletics (track and field)]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in athletics (track and field)]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kallar_(caste)&diff=446041 2025-09-23T11:12:21Z

<p>JulianaThurston: page fix</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Tamil caste belonging to the triumvirate known as Mukkulathor}}<br /> {{For|the caste of Northern India|Kalwar (caste)}}<br /> {{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox ethnic group<br /> |image = Kallan siblings.jpg<br /> |caption = Kallar children with dilated earlobes, formerly a common practice<br /> |group = Kallar<br /> |popplace = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> |religions = [[Folk Hinduism]]<br /> |related-c = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kallar''' (or '''Kallan''', formerly spelled as '''Colleries''') is one of the three related castes of [[South India|southern India]] which constitute the [[Mukkulathor]] confederacy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Kingship and Political Practice in Colonial India |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages= 62, 87, 193 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aqKSTs4ajsAC&amp;pg=PA193 |first=Pamela G. |last=Price |edition=Reprinted |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-52155-247-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Kallar, along with the [[Maravar]] and [[Agamudayar]], constitute a united social caste on the basis of parallel professions, though their locations and heritages are wholly separate from one another.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> ''Kallar'' is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] word meaning ''thief''. Their history has included periods of banditry.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cegr6zH9PFEC&amp;pg=PA242 |page=242 |title=The Hollow Crown: Ethnohistory of an Indian Kingdom |first=Nicholas B. |last=Dirks |authorlink=Nicholas Dirks |edition=2nd |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=1993 |isbn=9780472081875}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kallars themselves use titles such as &quot;landlord&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title= Journal Of Madras University Vol 81|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofmadrasuniversityvol81no1jan1990_202003_30/mode/1up?q=|year=1990|pages=[https://archive.org/details/journalofmadrasuniversityvol81no1jan1990_202003_30/page/n91/mode/1up?q 84]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Other proposed etymological origins include &quot;black skinned&quot;, &quot;hero&quot;, and &quot;[[Palm wine|toddy]]-tappers&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=G. |last=Kuppuram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lPcgAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=kallar+brave+etymology&amp;dq=kallar+brave+etymology |title=India through the ages: history, art, culture, and religion, Volume 1 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |year=1988 |page=366|isbn=9788185067087 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The anthropologist [[Susan Bayly]] notes that the name Kallar, as with that of Maravar, was a title bestowed by Tamil [[Polygar|''palaiyakkarars'']] (warrior-chiefs) on pastoral peasants who acted as their armed retainers. The majority of those poligars, who during the late 17th and 18th centuries controlled much of the [[Telugu people|Telugu]] region as well as the Tamil area, had themselves come from the Kallar, Maravar and [[Vatuka]] communities.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bayly2001p39&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |first=Susan |last=Bayly |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC |page=39}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kallar'' is synonymous with the western Indian term, ''Koli'', having connotations of thievery but also of upland pastoralism.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bayly2001p61&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |first=Susan |last=Bayly |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC |page=61}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to Bayly, ''Kallar'' should be considered a &quot;title of rural groups in Tamil Nadu with warrior-pastoralist ancestral traditions&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |first=Susan |last=Bayly |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC |page=385}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:Ramachandra Tondaiman.jpg|thumb|200px|Ramachandra Tondaiman, [[Raja]] of [[Pudukkottai state|Pudukkottai]] seated in his palace, 1858]]<br /> <br /> Bayly notes that the Kallar and Maravar identities as a caste, rather than as a title, &quot;...&amp;nbsp;were clearly not ancient facts of life in the Tamil Nadu region. Insofar as these people of the turbulent poligar country really did become castes, their bonds of affinity were shaped in the relatively recent past&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bayly2001p61&quot; /&gt; Prior to the late 18th century, their exposure to [[Brahmanic Hinduism]], the concept of [[Varna (Hinduism)|varna]] and practices such as [[endogamy]] that define the Indian caste system was minimal. Thereafter, the evolution as a caste developed as a result of various influences, including increased interaction with other groups as a consequence of jungle clearances, state-building and ideological shifts.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bayly2001p39&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> British sources often characterized the Kallars, and the related castes, as &quot;soldiers out of work.&quot; Many Kallars had been warriors as well as peasants for the last few centuries. Kallar chieftaincies, organized into networks of ''nadus'', controlled the region north and west of Madurai. The Nayaks attempted to pacify or subjugate them by titling Kallar chieftains, with limited success. These ''nadus'' were well outside Nayaka control, and folk songs told of fields that could not be harvested and raids by Kallar parties, who were considered sovereign and independent, in Madurai city. This situation persisted past the downfall of the Nayakas and the advent of Yusuf Khan, until the mid-18th century. Starting in 1755, the [[Presidency armies]] of the [[East India Company]] engaged in several campaigns against the Kallars of [[Melur]], but decades later Kallar raiding parties still posed a significant threat. In 1801, they networked with palegars of Tamil and Telugu regions to spearhead a series of revolts against British control.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Pandian|first=Anand|date=2005|title=Securing the rural citizen|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946460504200101|journal=The Indian Economic &amp; Social History Review|volume=42|issue=1|pages=1–39|doi=10.1177/001946460504200101|issn=0019-4646|via=|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By the late 18th century, the Kallars were working as ''kavalkarars'', or watchmen, in hundreds of villages throughout southern Tamil Nadu, especially the region west of Madurai. These ''kavalkarars'' were given ''maniyam'', rent-free land, to ensure they did their job correctly. These ''kaval maniyams'' were commonly held by ''palaiyakarars'' who used land, and shares of the crops, to maintain a small militia. A common allegation made by colonial officials was that these ''kavalkarars'' were &quot;abusing&quot; their position and exploiting the peasants whose livelihoods they were supposed to protect. Kallars were often also hired as [[mercenaries]] by ''palaiyakarars'', who according to British sources, used them to loot villagers. In 1803, these rights were abolished by the East India Company and the militias were abolished. However, the ''kaval'' system was not abolished but placed under the supervision of the East India Company.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Reforms in 1816 abolished the responsibility ''kavalkarars'' had towards compensation for damaged crops while keeping fees, which British sources claimed led to the ''kavalkarars'' charging exorbitant fees. By the end of the 19th century, the watchmen formed a &quot;shadow administration.&quot; Although British claims that Kallar watchmen were operating a &quot;protection racket&quot; were exaggerated, the Kallar watchmen still had the power of violence over the cultivators who paid them.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Around the beginning of the 20th century, the cultivators, of many communities, near Madurai staged an anti-Kallar movement against the community's authority. The reasons for the movement are complex: partly the abuse of authority shown by Kallar watchmen, partly [[agrarian distress]], and part-personal feud. The agitations took the form of violence against the Kallars, including arson, and forcing them out of the villages. In 1918, the community was placed on the list of Criminal Tribes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Thondaman dynasty|Thondaiman dynasty]] of the erstwhile [[Pudukkottai State|Pudukkottai state]] hailed from the Kallar community.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cegr6zH9PFEC&amp;pg=PA130&amp;dq=tondaiman+kallar+caste#q=tondaiman%20kallar%20caste|title=The Hollow Crown: Ethnohistory of an Indian Kingdom|author=Nicholas B. Dirks|year=1993|publisher=University of Michigan Press, 1993 - Social Science - 430 pages|page=130|isbn=9780472081875}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Culture==<br /> Among the traditional customs of the Kallar noted by colonial officials was the use of the &quot;collery stick&quot; ({{langx|ta|[[valai tādi]], kallartādi}}), a bent [[throwing stick]] or &quot;false boomerang&quot; which could be thrown up to {{convert|100|yd|m}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;YuleBurnell1903&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sir Henry Yule|author2=Arthur Coke Burnell|title=Hobson-Jobson: a glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological, historical, geographical and discursive|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Z5iAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA236|accessdate=21 March 2012|year=1903|publisher=J. Murray|pages=236–}}&lt;/ref&gt; Writing in 1957, [[Louis Dumont]] noted that despite the weapon's frequent mention in literature, it had disappeared amongst the [[Piramalai Kallar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;DumontStern1986&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQduAAAAMAAJ |title=A South Indian subcaste: social organization and religion of the Pramalai Kallar |first1=Louis |last1=Dumont |authorlink1=Louis Dumont |first2=A. |last2=Stern |first3=Michael |last3=Moffatt|year=1986|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195617856 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{page needed|date=July 2020}}<br /> <br /> ===Diet===<br /> The Kallar were traditionally a non-vegetarian people,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d8k98lBxwM4C&amp;pg=PA21 |title=Criminal gods and demon devotees: essays on the guardians of popular Hinduism |first=Alf |last=Hiltebeitel |date=21 September 1989 |authorlink=Alf Hiltebeitel |page=21|isbn=9780887069826 }}&lt;/ref&gt; though a 1970s survey of Tamil Nadu indicated that 30% of Kallar surveyed, though non-vegetarian, refrained from eating fish after puberty.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gHsxM3h_JX4C&amp;pg=PA98 |title=Food, ecology, and culture: readings in the anthropology of dietary practices |first=John R. K. |last=Robson |year=1980 |page=98|isbn=9780677160900 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Meat, though present in the Kallar diet, was not frequently eaten but restricted to Saturday nights and festival days. Even so, this small amount of meat was sufficient to affect perceptions of Kallar social status.&lt;ref name=&quot;DumontStern1986&quot;/&gt;{{page needed|date=July 2020}}<br /> <br /> ===Martial arts===<br /> The Kallars traditionally practised a Tamil martial art variously known as ''[[Adimurai]]'', ''chinna adi'' and ''varna ati''. In recent years, since 1958, these have been referred to as Southern-style [[Kalaripayattu]], although they are distinct from the ancient martial art of Kalaripayattu itself that was historically the style found in [[Kerala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia. A – L |volume=1 |editor-first=Thomas A. |editor-last=Green |year=2001| page=177 |chapter=India |first=Philip B. |last=Zarilli |publisher=ABC-CLIO | isbn=978-1-57607-150-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v32oHSE5t6cC&amp;pg=PA177}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Mukkulathor]]<br /> [[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chilipched&diff=494165 2025-09-18T10:58:19Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Telangana, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox place<br /> | name = Chilipched<br /> | settlement_type = [[Revenue Village|Revenue village]]<br /> | image_skyline = చిలిపిచేడ్ గ్రామపంచాయితి కార్యాలయం.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Chilipched Gram Panchayat Office<br /> | pushpin_map = India Telangana#India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|17|52|12|N|78|07|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Medak district|Medak]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[List of subdistricts in India|Mandal]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = Chilipched<br /> | elevation_m = 504<br /> | population_total = 2305<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number]]<br /> | postal_code = 502314<br /> | area_total_km2 = 8.14<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | government_type = [[Sarpanch]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Chilipched''' is a village in Chilipched Mandal, [[Medak district|Medak District]], [[Telangana]], [[India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://mines.telangana.gov.in/MinesAndGeology/Documents/GO's/New%20District%20Gos/Medak.pdf |title=GO. Rt. No. 238 Revenue (DA-CMRF) Department |date=11 October 2016 |publisher=Government of Telangana |page=13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The village is 36 kilometers away from the nearest town of [[Medak]]. It used to be under the Kowdipalle Mandal of Medak District. Following the reorganization of districts in Telangana on 11 October 2016, it was included in the newly formed Chilipched Mandal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> The village is situated in the northeastern section of Chilipched Mandal, covering an area of 814 hectare. There is a body of water to the immediate east of the village.{{citation needed|date= March 2023}}<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> According to the 2011 Indian Census, the village has 522 households and a population of 2,305. There are 1,131 male residents and 1,174 female residents. The census location code of the village is 573541.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011. |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |access-date=20 March 2023 |place=Row 585668}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> [[Category:Villages in Medak district]]</div>

JulianaThurston https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constance_Prem_Nath_Dass&diff=494862 2025-08-25T05:04:06Z

<p>JulianaThurston: Added!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian academic administrator (1886–1971)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Constance Prem Nath Dass<br /> | office = President of [[Isabella Thoburn College]]<br /> | image = Photo of Constance Prem Nath Dass.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = 1886<br /> | death_date = {{Death year and age|1971|1886}}<br /> | relations = [[Mohini Maya Das]] (sister)<br /> | alma_mater = [[Goucher College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])&lt;br&gt;[[University of Allahabad]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]]) &lt;br&gt;[[Columbia Teacher's College]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])<br /> | profession = [[College administrator]]<br /> | birth_name = Constance Maya Das<br /> | term_start = {{Start date|1939}}<br /> | term_end = {{End date|1945}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Constance Prem Nath Dass''' ({{nee}}<br /> Constance Maya Das; 1886 – 1971) was an Indian educator and college administrator. She was president of [[Isabella Thoburn College]] (IT College), a women's college in [[Lucknow]], which made her the first Indian woman to serve as the principal of a [[Christian college]] in [[India]].<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Constance Maya Das was born in 1886 to Rai Bahadur Maya Das and Mohini Chandulal, prominent [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] second generation-Presbyterians from [[Firozpur]], northwest British India.&lt;ref name=&quot;Webster 2013&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhattacharji 2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rindas.ryukoku.ac.jp/research/upfile/RINDAS%20series%20of%20working%20paper16%20.pdf|title=Hundred years of Higher Education for Indian Women: 1913-2013, with a focus on the Methodist Christian Contribution|last=Bhattacharji|first=Shobhana|work=RINDAS Series of Working Papers 16|access-date=2018-09-24|archive-date=25 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025751/https://rindas.ryukoku.ac.jp/research/upfile/RINDAS%20series%20of%20working%20paper16%20.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Rai Bahadur Maya Das sent his older daughters, including [[Mohini Maya Das]], to America and Edinburgh to have a western education but chose to have Constance educated at home before attending schools in [[Lahore]] and later, in 1904, at [[Isabella Thoburn College]]. While at IT College, she met [[John Goucher]] who paid for her to study at [[Goucher College]] from 1909 to 1911.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhattacharji 2018&quot; /&gt; From Goucher, she earned a Bachelor of Arts she graduated [[Phi Beta Kappa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Webster 2013&quot; /&gt; She returned to Isabella Thoburn College where she taught and later earned a Master of Arts in English literature from the [[University of Allahabad]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Webster 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Webster|first=John C. B.|date=2013-07-01|title=Book Review: Constance Prem Nath Dass: An Extraordinary History, 1886–1971|journal=International Bulletin of Missionary Research|language=en|volume=37|issue=3|pages=187–188|doi=10.1177/239693931303700323|s2cid=149421120|issn=0272-6122}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> In 1931, Dass became the vice principal of Thoburn College. While on a sabbatical between 1938 and 1939, she earned a master's degree, Phi Beta Kappa, in education from [[Columbia Teacher's College]]. She was appointed as the president of the college upon return, becoming the first Indian woman to serve as the principal of a Christian College in India. She retired in 1945.&lt;ref name=&quot;Webster 2013&quot; /&gt; In 1946, she gave the commencement address at the invitation of Goucher College. She then went to Ontario for a peace conference organized by [[John Mott]] for war refugees. She remained closely associated with IT College throughout her retirement, including serving on its Board of Governors until her death.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhattacharji 2018&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards and honors ==<br /> Dass was awarded honorary doctorates from Goucher College and [[Boston University]]. She is the subject of the biography ''Constance Prem Nath Dass: An Extraordinary History, 1886–1971'', co-written by her granddaughter, Amrita Dass, with Nina David.&lt;ref name=&quot;Webster 2013&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> While studying at IT College, she met her future husband, Prem Nath Dass, who proposed to her in 1906. She told him that she wanted to study in America, so he waited for her to return.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhattacharji 2018&quot; /&gt; Prem Nath Dass was from a prominent Christian family in the [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]]. The couple had six children between 1915 and 1924. She was a nationalist and a political moderate. Widowed in 1931, she died in 1971, aged 84 or 85.&lt;ref name=&quot;Webster 2013&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Dass, Constance Prem Nath}}<br /> [[Category:1886 births]]<br /> [[Category:1971 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Goucher College alumni]]<br /> [[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Teachers College, Columbia University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women academics]]<br /> [[Category:Isabella Thoburn College alumni]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century Indian people]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]<br /> [[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]<br /> [[Category:Date of birth missing]]<br /> [[Category:Date of death missing]]</div>

JulianaThurston